text:
Aiming for a "Clean Sweep" is Big Part of ARRL November Sweepstakes' Appeal
Communications Interoperability Training with Amateur Radio Community Set
The Doctor Will See You Now!
ARRL Foundation Announces the NEAR-Fest Memorial Scholarship
CW Gets the Message Through in Wake of Hurricane Irma
Tiny LF Signal Makes the Hop from Newfoundland to the UK
SSTV Goes Very High Profile
ARISS Invites Proposals to Host Amateur Radio Contacts with Space Station Crew
QRZ DX and The DX Magazine Publisher Carl Smith, N4AA, SK
For many, ARRL November Sweepstakes (SS) is the premier ARRL fall operating event, with the lure of a "Clean Sweep" being the ultimate goal. The challenge of SS -- or "Sweeps" -- is to work as many stations in as many of the 83 ARRL and Radio Amateurs of Canada (RAC) sections as possible within the 24 available hours. The number of sections worked is a score multiplier. Be the first in your neighborhood to work all 83 and qualify for a "Clean Sweep" mug!
SS takes place on separate November weekends. The CW weekend is November 4-6, and the phone (SSB) weekend is November 18-20. The contest period for each contest begins at 2100 UTC on Saturday and continues through 0259 UTC on Monday (remember that the shift back to standard time occurs during the CW weekend). Stations may operate 24 hours of the available 30 hours. In a change this year, logs are due 5 days after each event. SS is a "domestic" contest with broad appeal, and even stations with modest equipment and antennas can enjoy success. Many stations like to operate in the QRP category (output of 5 W or less).
Given its origins in the traffic-handling realm, ARRL November Sweepstakes has a lengthy exchange that replicates a radiogram preamble. In SS, stations exchange:
A consecutive serial number (NR). Adding zeros ahead of numbers less than 100 is not required.
Operating category -- Q for Single Op QRP; A for Single Op, Low Power (up to 150 W output); B for Single Op, High Power (greater than 150 W output); U for Single Op, Unlimited, regardless of power; M for Multioperator, regardless of power, and S for School Club.
Your call sign.
Check (CK) -- the last two digits of the year of first license for either operator or station.
Section -- ARRL/RAC Section.
The SS Operating Guide package, available for download, explains how to participate in Sweepstakes, including all rules and examples of log formatting. Clubs or public service teams thinking about giving Sweepstakes a try this year will find the guide a useful source for information.
For those hoping to break one of the current scoring records, there's a high bar. For example, in SS CW, N2IC in New Mexico holds the Single-Operator, High Power record with 255,520 points, set in 2009. The Single-Operator, Low Power record of 213,144 points was set in 2015 by W2GD operating KP2M in the US Virgin Islands. The Single-Operator, QRP record of 173,168 was set in 2002 by N6TR operating W5WMU in Louisiana.
Some record holders in the phone (SSB) event include, for example, KE3Q in the top spot, who operated WP3R in Puerto Rico to earn identical 425,280-point scores in 2000 and 2002 in the Single-Operator, High Power category. VE4GV has the Single-Operator Low, Power crown with 308,160 points in 2000 from Manitoba. WA2GO holds the Single-Operator, QRP SSB phone record with 189,920 points from KL7Y in Alaska in 2001. SS CW and Phone records are also listed for unlimited, multi-single, and school categories.
Rare Ones
Some ARRL/RAC sections are considered tough ones to work for a "Clean Sweep." The often-elusive Northern Territories (NT) multiplier will be on the air this year, however, as Gerry Hull, W1VE/VE1RM, takes the helm of VY1AAA, remotely operating the station of J. Allen, VY1JA, in Yukon Territory. Hull and Allen have done a lot of work on the system on their respective ends of things.
Gerry Hull, W1VE, in New Hampshire at the helm of VY1AAA during ARRL Field Day 2015.
"J has done a lot of work on the station, moving it to an outer building, so it does not bother him when we operate," Hull told ARRL. "The quad has been strengthened. A 160-meter double-L with a 70-foot vertical section has been installed." He said the Alpha linear has been repaired, there is remote antenna switching and azimuth control, plus "small changes in the station to improve reliability." Allen has been working on station wiring, too, he said. Hull shipped Allen a 500-foot roll of coaxial cable over the summer along with "many coax connectors" and other odds and ends.
"A Sweep may be hard, given the conditions in the US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico," Hull allowed. According to FEMA, power has been restored to less than one-third of customers in either location. He said the VY1 station also will be active in the ARRL 160-Meter Contest, December 2-3. Hull pointed out that all VY1AAA remote operators must hold Canadian Advanced amateur licenses.
Club Eligibility Lists
A new system is in place to submit club eligibility lists, either by uploading a file of eligible members or by copying and pasting from a list, right up until the time of the contest -- November 4 at 2100 UTC in the case of SS CW, and November 18 at 2100 UTC in the case of SS phone. Direct questions to ARRL Contest Branch Manager Bart Jahnke, W9JJ. -- Thanks to Gerry Hull, W1VE; Bart Jahnke, W9JJ
Elements of the US Department of Defense will conduct a "communications interoperability" training exercise November 4-6, once again simulating a "very bad day" scenario. Amateur Radio and MARS organizations will take part.
"This exercise will begin with a notional massive coronal mass ejection event which will impact the national power grid as well as all forms of traditional communication, including landline telephone, cellphone, satellite, and internet connectivity," Army MARS Program Manager Paul English, WD8DBY, explained in an announcement.
During the exercise, a designated DOD Headquarters entity will request county-by-county status reports for the 3,143 US counties and county equivalents, in order to gain situational awareness and to determine the extent of impact of the scenario. Army and Air Force MARS organizations will work in conjunction with the Amateur Radio community, primarily on the 60-meter interoperability channels as well as on HF NVIS frequencies and local VHF and UHF, non-internet linked Amateur Radio repeaters.
Again this year, a military station on the east coast and the Fort Huachuca, Arizona, HF station will conduct a high-power broadcast on 60-meter channel 1 (5,330.5 kHz) on Saturday from 0300 to 0315 UTC. New this year will be an informational broadcast on Sunday, on 13,483.5 kHz USB from 1600 to 1615 UTC. Amateur Radio operators should monitor these broadcasts for more information about the exercise and how they can participate in this communications exercise, English said.
"We want to continue building on the outstanding cooperative working relationship with ARRL and the Amateur Radio community," English said. "We want to expand the use of the 60-meter interop channels between the military and amateur community for emergency communications, and we hope the Amateur Radio community will give us some good feedback on the use of both the 5-MHz interop and the new 13-MHz broadcast channels as a means of information dissemination during a "very bad day" scenario.
Contact English for more information or questions about this exercise.
"QRP" is the topic of the new (October 26) episode of the "ARRL The Doctor is In" podcast. Listen...and learn!
Sponsored by DX Engineering, "ARRL The Doctor is In" is an informative discussion of all things technical. Listen on your computer, tablet, or smartphone -- whenever and wherever you like!
Every 2 weeks, your host, QST Editor-in-Chief Steve Ford, WB8IMY, and the Doctor himself, Joel Hallas, W1ZR, will discuss a broad range of technical topics. You can also e-mail your questions to doctor@arrl.org, and the Doctor may answer them in a future podcast.
Enjoy "ARRL The Doctor is In" on Apple iTunes, or by using your iPhone or iPad podcast app (just search for "ARRL The Doctor is In"). You can also listen online at Blubrry, or at Stitcher (free registration required, or browse the site as a guest) and through the free Stitcher app for iOS, Kindle, or Android devices. If you've never listened to a podcast before, download our beginner's guide.
A new scholarship is available to radio amateurs. The New England Amateur Radio Festival (NEAR-Fest) Memorial Scholarship, administered by the ARRL Foundation, commemorates NEAR-Fest team members who have become Silent Keys, and is intended to provide funding toward the educational expenses of a currently licensed Amateur Radio operator who is pursuing a post-secondary education.
Applicants must be US citizens or permanent residents, reside in the ARRL New England Division (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts), and have held an Amateur Radio license for at least 1 year prior to the date of application. Preference will be given in descending order of license class as well as to applicants pursuing full-time studies at a 4-year undergraduate degree-granting institution, pursuing post-graduate studies (any degree), or enrolled in radio communications at a 2-year technical school.
The initial scholarship will be awarded for the 2018-2019 academic year. Scholarships are for the exclusive use of the winner to be applied to tuition, books, mandatory fees, on-campus housing, and other bona fide educational expenses.
The ARRL Foundation is currently accepting applications from eligible radio amateurs pursuing higher education. More than 80 scholarships ranging from $500 to $5,000 will be awarded in 2018. All applicants must submit a completed online application. Transcripts are due by February 15, 2018.
Any CW operator worth his or her salt will tell you that CW is the mode that gets through when all others fall short of the mark. CW certainly did the job for Chet Hogue, N3BK, who handled dozens of messages for residents of Florida's Lower Keys in the days following Hurricane Irma in September.
"A message from a Big Pine Key man to his girlfriend, who evacuated with their young daughter and was waiting to hear how he weathered the storm, was one of about 80 sent out over the airwaves by ham radio enthusiast Chet Hogue in the days following Irma's destruction," reporter Katie Atkins wrote in The Keynoter in describing Hogue's activity.
Chet Hogue, N3BK. [Photo courtesy of Chet Hogue, N3BK]
"Things here are still incredibly a mess!" Hogue told ARRL this week.
The Summerland Key charter captain, known as "Captain Chester," weathered the storm in place. He noted that the primary frequencies handling traffic were quite busy, so he got on CW, which, he told Atkins, allowed him "to relay messages clearly." He operated from a station at his home as well as from his boat.
According to the news report, Hogue would transmit message traffic gathered from residents trying to get in touch with family and friends outside the area. He urged anyone interested in Amateur Radio to visit the ARRL website. "It's just neat, this system," he told Atkins. "With a piece of wire and a car battery, you can talk around the world."
Hogue told ARRL that he "escaped" to the Keys in 2010 after recovering from an injury suffered in a vehicle accident. "I haven't been active in some time, but have kept my 'bug-out bag' ready for just this situation," he said. "[This] was my first emergency, as it was for many who passed traffic for me."
Hogue's father -- also Chester -- is N3VA, and his dad and some of his friends got him interested in Amateur Radio. Hogue entered the military as a teenager and, he said, realized the vital importance of communication.
Hogue used a 100 W radio powered from deep-cycle marine batteries, a G5RV antenna on shore and a fiberglass vertical antenna on his charter boat. He kept a handwritten log on a piece of cardboard.
"This is a good reason for all of us to learn CW and use it on the bands, and become skilled at sending and receiving CW," remarked Whitey Doherty, K1VV, a CW stalwart who shared the news story with ARRL Headquarters. -- Thanks to "Captain Chester" Hogue, N3BK, The Keynoter, and Whitey Doherty, K1VV
For Joe Craig, VO1NA, in Torbay, Newfoundland, things have been pretty exciting lately on VLF (very low frequency). He's among the early MF, LF, and VLF experimenters in North America -- active even before Canada allocated Amateur Radio bands in that part of the spectrum. He believes he accomplished a "first" for a Canadian radio amateur on October 22, when his very VLF, very QRP signal on 8.27 kHz (that would be the 36-kilometer band) was copied in the UK.
Now, this is a coil! The VLF loading coal at VO1NA.
"After much effort on both sides of the pond, SWL Paul Nicholson in Todmorden finally copied a three-letter message," he told ARRL. "It's the lowest-frequency transatlantic message, made possible because of Paul's EbNaut coherent BPSK mode and DL4YHF's Spectrum Lab spectrum analyzer." Even more amazing: The power was 10 µW ERP. Craig is permitted to run 10 mW by regulator ISED Canada (formerly Industry Canada). The transmission path was more than 3,500 kilometers (approximately 2,170 miles).
VLF signals have been copied across the Atlantic in the past. In March 2014, a very slow-speed (QRSS) CW signal on 29.499 kHz, transmitted by Bob Raide, W2ZM, a New York Experimental licensee, initially was detected in the UK by Nicholson. In June 2014, Dex McIntyre, W4DEX, in North Carolina, transmitted an EbNaut signal on 8.971 kHz, while running on the order of 150 µW effective radiated power. Nicholson detected that signal too. McIntyre needed no FCC license to transmit on 8.971 kHz, because the Commission has not designated any allocations below 9 kHz, dubbed "the Dreamers' Band."
Craig's transmission from Newfoundland began at 2300 UTC on October 22 and ended 7 hours later. "Paul replied by e-mail the following day with the correct message," Craig said, "and there was much rejoicing across the pond and in the Marconi Radio Club of Newfoundland!"
VO1NA's "Tower A." His VLF antenna is attached to the second guy station at this point. [Joe Craig, VO1NA, photo]
Craig said that Nicholson had detected a carrier from VO1NA this past spring, but it was not stable enough to send a message.
DL4YHF's Spectrum Lab, with a GPS module output signal used to calibrate the computer and help from DF6NM and DK7FC, worked much better, Craig said. "Paul measured the phase for a few days before the message was sent. With the new high-stability carrier, Paul got me on the first call."
The final stage of his VLF transmitter is what Craig described as "the very Canadian Traynor Group One/SC stage amplifier" from the 1970s. He says his is "the only known VLF transmitter in Newfoundland and Labrador." His antenna, by the way, is approximately 100 meters (approximately 328 feet) of #12 copper wire, about 12 meters high on average.
Craig's blog offers more information.
In late September, University of Alaska-Fairbanks researcher Chris Fallen, KL3WX, was attempting to produce an RF-induced airglow -- or artificial aurora -- using the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility near Gakona, Alaska, to warm up the atmosphere. Clouds hampered his experiment, but Fallen alerted his Twitter followers that he also had embedded a few Slow-Scan Television (SSTV) frames in the powerful HAARP signal, which were copied in British Columbia and in Colorado.
"The SSTV images, aside from being a fun way to engage hams in some of the ionosphere-heating science performed at HAARP, will be useful for understanding radio propagation from Arctic or high-latitude sources," Fallen told ARRL.
HAARP consists of multiple transmitters feeding 180 phased-arrays and is capable of producing 3.6 MW (that's megawatts) of RF. HAARP's signal is essentially aimed straight up.
The assistant professor at the UAF's Geophysical Institute transmitted two UAF logos, a photo of his cat -- appearing as a giant feline next to the HAARP antenna field, and -- most unusual -- a QR code granting the recipient 0.001 Bitcoin. The SSTV images were not the best, and you almost need to use your imagination to make out the cat.
His transmissions were on three discrete frequencies in the 2.8 MHz range. Fallen used different frequencies and antenna phase settings to determine if those factors would affect the airglow.
"I used Scottie-1 encoding for the images, because it is widely used in North America and the ~120-second duration fit nicely into the airglow experiment," Fallen said. "The antenna was directed toward the HAARP magnetic zenith, which, at ~75° elevation, is nearly vertical but has often been found by previous scientists to maximize artificial airglow."
Fallen told ARRL he still has some HAARP time left from his September campaign, although he's not certain what he'll use it for. His next opportunity to experiment further won't be until early next spring. HAARP conducts just two experimental campaigns a year, due to staff and funding constraints. Read more.
The Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) program is seeking proposals from US schools, museums, science centers, and community youth organizations to host Amateur Radio contacts in 2018 with a crew member aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The deadline to submit proposals is November 15. Contacts would be scheduled between July 1 and December 31, 2018.
Each year, ARISS provides tens of thousands of students with opportunities to learn about space technologies and space communication via Amateur Radio. The program provides learning opportunities by connecting students to astronauts aboard the ISS through a partnership that includes NASA, ARRL, AMSAT, and worldwide space agencies. The program's goal is to inspire students worldwide to pursue interests and careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) through Amateur Radio.
"Educators have overwhelmingly reported that student participation in the ARISS program inspires an interest in STEM subjects and careers," ARISS said in announcing the proposal window. "Ninety-two percent of educators who have participated in the program have indicated that ARISS provided ideas for encouraging student exploration, discussion, and participation, while 78% said that ARISS was effective in stimulating student interest in STEM."
The ARISS website has additional details on expectations, proposal guidelines, and the proposal form. -- Thanks to ARISS
QRZ DX and The DX Magazine Publisher and Editor Carl Smith, N4AA, of Asheville, North Carolina, died on October 20. An ARRL member, he was 77 and had been a radio amateur and DXer for more than 6 decades. Smith and his late wife Miriam, KB4C, bought the two publications' parent, DX Publishing, in 1997.
"Carl was a ham's ham, as he dabbled in many aspects of our great hobby," The Daily DX Editor Bernie McClenny, W3UR, observed. "He did a lot for Amateur Radio over the years."
Licensed in Kansas City in 1954 as WN0YFT (later W0YFT), Smith served in the US Air Force from 1958 until 1966. He became W4NQA after moving to North Carolina. From 1968 until 1970, he was on the ARRL Headquarters staff and held the call sign W1ETU. When he moved to Virginia in 1970, he regained W4NQA and, after moving back to North Carolina, obtained N4AA in 1976.
An avid DXer and at the top of the DXCC Honor Roll, Smith was inducted into the CQ DX Hall of Fame in 2012.
Smith was a member of the Potomac Valley Radio Club (PVRC). He re-established QCWA Chapter 145 for the primary purpose of establishing the Southern Appalachian Radio Museum -- now the Asheville Radio Museum -- on the campus of Asheville-Buncombe Community College. He also was a long-time Roanoke Division Assistant Director. For many years, he was the owner and manager of Georgetown Communications, an Amateur Radio store in Asheville.
Smith was among the founders of the SouthEastern DX and Contesting Organization (SEDCO) W4DXCC Convention, and his wife's call sign is used on the air at the annual convention and for various operating activities. Read more.
Chinese CAS-4A and CAS-4B Amateur Radio Satellite Transponders Activated: The Amateur Radio linear (SSB/CW) inverting transponders on the CAS-4A and CAS-4B satellites were activated on October 18. CAMSAT's Amateur Radio payloads piggybacked on the optical remote-sensing micro-satellites OVS-1A (CAS-4A) and OVS-1B (CAS-4B), launched on June 15. CAS-4A (call sign BJ1SK) has a CW telemetry beacon on 145.855 MHz, and 4.8 kB GMSK telemetry on 145.835 MHz. The uplink is 435.220 MHz, the downlink is 145.870 MHz (20 kHz passband). CAS-4B (call sign BJ1SL) has a CW telemetry beacon on 145.910 MHz, and 4.8 kB GMSK telemetry at 145.890 MHz. The uplink is 435.280 MHz, the downlink is 145.925 MHz (20 kHz passband). -- Thanks to Southgate Amateur Radio News via AMSAT-UK
November 2017 Frequency Measuring Test Set: Frequency Measuring Test (FMT) manager Connie Marshall, K5CM, promised something "a little different" for the fall FMT, which begins on November 3 at 0200 UTC. Instead of measuring a single frequency, this test will measure a pair of frequencies -- a "two-tone" test. Although the two frequencies will not jump back and forth at the rate of an actual FSK signal, participants will be measuring both signals and the shift between them. The test will be conducted on 80 and 40 meters. Following the call up, the test signals will begin on the announced frequency. This is the lower of the two test signal frequencies. Approximately 1 minute later, the test signal will stop and resume on the second, somewhat higher frequency. The shift between the frequencies will be approximately the same as a standard 170 Hz shift RTTY signal. Your job is to measure the frequency of the initial, lower frequency RF signal, and the audio frequency (AF) shift between the two test signals. Details are on the Frequency Measuring Tests page.
QCWA Honors William Orr, W8NPU, with its 80th Anniversary Award: The Quarter Century Wireless Association (QCWA) has honored centenarian and ARRL member William (Bill) Orr, W8NPU, of Columbus, Ohio, with its 80th Anniversary Award. QCWA member Don Fuhr, K8KSM, presented Orr with the framed award certificate. Orr has been licensed for 82 years. While he is no relation to the Bill Orr, W6SAI, his story nonetheless is an interesting one. According to the QCWA, Orr earned his commercial 2nd class radiotelephone license at age 18 in 1935 and began a lengthy career in radio and television broadcast engineering. On the basis of his success in obtaining the 2nd class commercial ticket, he also was granted a Class A Amateur Radio license. Orr previously held WA6NKM. The QCWA award presentation took place at Orr's home, which he shares with his wife, Mary. -- Thanks to Ken Oelke, VE6AFO, QCWA
The article "'Force of 50' Volunteers' Puerto Rico Hurricane Recovery Mission Ends," in the October 19 edition of The ARRL Letter, incorrectly characterized the SHARES (SHAred RESources) HF radio program. According to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) website, SHARES "coordinates a voluntary network of government, industry, and disaster response agency HF radio stations used for emergency communications. SHARES supports government (federal, state, and county), critical infrastructure, and nationwide or multi-state disaster response organizations in two ways: By transmitting emergency messages when normal communications systems are destroyed or unavailable, and by providing HF radio channels for interoperability." SHARES is a program of the National Coordinating Center for Communications (NCC), a division of the DHS National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC).
Tad Cook, K7RA, Seattle, reports: Solar activity increased over the past couple of weeks, with average daily sunspot numbers at 13.4 for the October 19-25 reporting period, compared to 1.7 over the previous 7 days. The average daily solar flux increased from 70.5 to 76.7 over the same 2 weeks.
The reason for the radically different averages is that over the past week there were just 2 days with no sunspots, and the previous week had no sunspot activity on 6 of the 7 days.
The average daily planetary A index was 11.6, declining from 21.1 to 11.6, and the average daily mid-latitude A index decreased from 16.7 to 9.1.
The predicted solar flux for the near term is 79 and 78 on October 26-27; 77 on October 28-29; 76 on October 30-November 1; 77 on November 2; 85, 84, and 82 on November 3-5; 80 on November 6-17; 82 on November 18-19; 84 on November 20; 85 on November 21-30; 84 and 82 on December 1-2, and 80 on December 3-9.
Predicted planetary A index is 24, 16, 10, and 8 on October 26-29; 5 on October 30-31; 8 and 10 on November 1-2; 5 on November 3-6; 28, 30, 40, 28, 26, and 8 on November 7-12; 5 on November 13-14; 12, 10, 8, 6, and 5 on November 15-19; 18, 45, 40, 18, and 12 on November 20-24; 10, 8, 5, 8, and 10 on November 25-29; 5 on November 39-December 3; 28, 30, 40, 28, 26, and 8 on December 4-9.
Sunspot numbers for October 19-25 were 0, 0, 11, 13, 23, 23, and 24, with a mean of 13.4. The 10.7-centimeter flux was 73.4, 75.7, 76.5, 77.3, 78, 77.5, and 78.8, with a mean of 76.7. Estimated planetary A indices were 12, 8, 10, 6, 6, 18, and 21, with a mean of 11.6. Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 9, 5, 13, 6, 3, 13, and 15, with a mean of 9.1.
Send me your reports and observations.
October 28-29 -- Araucaria VHF Contest (CW, phone)
October 28-29 -- CQ World Wide DX Contest (SSB)
November 1 -- UKEICC 80-Meter Contest (Phone)
November 2 -- NRAU 10-Meter Activity Contest (CW, phone, digital)
November 4-6 -- ARRL November Sweepstakes (CW)
See the ARRL Contest Calendar for more information. For in-depth reporting on Amateur Radio contesting, subscribe to The ARRL Contest Update via your ARRL member profile e-mail preferences.
November 4-5 -- Georgia State Convention, Lawrenceville, Georgia
November 11 -- HamJam Convention, Alpharetta, Georgia
November 18-19 -- Indiana State Convention, Fort Wayne, Indiana
December 2 -- Arkansas DX Association's 50th Anniversary Convention, North Little Rock, Arkansas
December 8-9 -- West Central Florida Section Convention, Plant City, Florida
Join or Renew Today! ARRL membership includes QST, Amateur Radio's most popular and informative journal, delivered to your mailbox each month.
Subscribe to the ARES E-Letter (monthly public service and emergency communications news), the ARRL Contest Update (bi-weekly contest newsletter), Division and Section news alerts -- and much more!
Find ARRL on Facebook! Follow us on Twitter, Snapchat @ARRLHQ, and Instagram!


About the Artist: Michael and Cassandra Dukepoo have been creating jewelry since 1977 in her home pueblo of Taos, NM. Michael (b.1971) is Hopi/Laguna/Yaqui/Parrot/Katsina Clan and was taught jewelry making by his famous father Na Na Ping. Michael studied at the Institute of American indian Art and Cassandra at Poeh Arts Program; both attended the University of New Mexico. Cassandra (b.1976) is from the Water Clan. The Dukepoos' jewelry usually features a mosaic of gemstones in simple silver settings.


text:
Ichnia () es un raión o distrito de Ucrania en el óblast de Chernígov.

Comprende una superficie de 1576 km².

La capital es la ciudad de Ichnia.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población total de 40945 habitantes.

Otros datos
El código KOATUU es 7421700000. El código postal 16700 y el prefijo telefónico +380 4633.

Referencias

 Oficina de estadísticas de Ucrania. (en ucraniano)

Enlaces externos
 Sitio web oficial

Ichnia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Negotiating with an investor considering supporting your business with finance can sometimes feel like a long process, but completing the deal is actually just the moment when your relationship really begins in earnest. At BOOST&Co we invest in businesses for between three and five years, and we believe a close relationship with our investee companies every step of the way is in everyone's interests – after all, we're all in this together.
Roux Brits, portfolio manager at BOOST&Co, explains what that means in practice – what he is looking for from management teams over the life of our investment, and what we can offer too.
1. What are you looking for from management teams?
At BOOST&Co we are fortunate to work with some of the most talented management teams in the UK, and it is certain qualities that set them apart. I want our management teams to be coherent and articulate – members of the team may well have different ways of working and different views about how to rise to the challenges faced, but they need to be able to come together to work collectively towards a shared vision of the end goal.
2. Does a good management team always agree on everything?
As with any relationship, healthy friction can be a good thing. Businesses will achieve more when senior leaders are prepared to challenge ideas and to push each other to new heights. Each member of the team brings different skills, experiences and perspectives to the business, and harnessing that breadth as a positive force will drive the business forward. Constructive, healthy debate delivers better outcomes, as long as each member of the team is open to listening and learning, while working toward the same goals.
3. Is it a two-way process between BOOST&Co and its investors?
I believe in an open and transparent approach from both sides; my experience is that everyone has something to learn from everyone else. Strong relationships develop easily with the companies we invest in when everyone is open and honest. We never expect companies to get it right all the time but we do put a lot of value on how a management team goes about its business. In return, we hold ourselves to the same standards and try to ensure that companies feel supported when needed, whilst not being intrusive and trusting management to do what they do best. Ultimately, since we are fully aligned with the management team to make sure the business achieves its ambitions, we are there to support these businesses on their journey.
4. How do you help businesses develop?
We pride ourselves on picking exceptional management teams to back, which makes my job very easy – in most cases as I quickly gain confidence in a team in the way they operate and communicate. Members of the management team bring their own expertise to the business, whether in finance, marketing, operations, or another discipline. But a siloed approach can prevent a company achieving its full potential. The best leaders are continually curious about every other area of the business, so I encourage them to challenge themselves as a team, and sometimes I help them ask the right questions. Occasionally, I need to get more involved and then we are there to help management through difficult decisions and to offer support where we can; we are all in it together, with the same goals and aspirations.
5. What about when the business hits a rocky patch?
Any business will face challenges and that is even more true for entrepreneurial SME businesses. The key is to see and understand these challenges as soon as possible, to deal with them head-on as a management team and to communicate effectively throughout. I encourage our businesses to be prepared and vigilant. Strong leadership teams plan ahead, take action and don't duck tough decisions, and while they may be full of good ideas they know how to maintain focus on what really matters. Good leaders also understand the key drivers in their businesses: they know how to articulate them, ensure they are constantly measured and communicated; and have confidence in their colleagues to respond accordingly.
6. How do good teams remain focused?
I believe businesses need to have vision, but it's also important that good leaders live in the present, unburdened by anxiety about what happened in the past or fear of the future. So while a strong track record may be impressive, I gain a lot of confidence when leaders show me they understand that what's really important is the action they are either taking or planning today. What are the actions required right now to continually drive improvement, keeping in mind future aspirations?
7. Are there any danger signs that worry you?
The best leaders have a laser-like focus on what their organisations are trying to achieve and don't let anything else cloud that focus, so when that's not the case, I get worried. Politics, personalities and diverging interests can easily become distracting and disruptive, inhibiting the team's efforts to move towards their collective goals. The key is to maintain focus on what is important but also to take people on the same journey as the business strives for continuous improvement.
8. What's the most important element of all in your relationships with businesses?
Trust – both between BOOST&Co and the business, and within the business itself. Each member of a successful team trusts the person to their left and to their right completely and enjoys learning from each other. They're prepared to challenge one another, safe in the confidence of their ability to deal with challenges and opportunities collectively. The result is that a potentially daunting journey can be richly rewarding. Those are the kind of ventures we love being involved in. We feel truly privileged to have the opportunity to learn from the companies we invest in and to share their journey with them.
Have a question about BOOST portfolio management?
Connect with Roux on LinkedIn.


We are proud to be a part of the International Rockford Fosgate family and the "Authorized Dealer" in the Umhlanga area. Image Audio stocks the full Rockford Fosgate range – Prime, Punch & Power series. We have a dedicated and passionate sound team, headed up by Duran Govender, who is able to bring your dream of awesome sound alive with our innovative and unique customised sound solutions! Please come in to discuss your car audio desires and we will make it happen!


A View Composer persistent disk contains user settings and other user-generated data. You create persistent disks when you create a linked-clone desktop pool.
You can detach a persistent disk from its linked-clone virtual machine and store the disk on its original datastore or another datastore. After you detach the disk, the linked-clone virtual machine is deleted. A detached persistent disk is no longer associated with any virtual machine.
When a linked clone is deleted, you can preserve the user data.
When an employee leaves the company, another employee can access the departing employee's user data.
A user who has multiple remote desktops can consolidate the user data on a single remote desktop.
If a virtual machine becomes inaccessible in vCenter Server, but the persistent disk is intact, you can import the persistent disk and create a new linked clone using the disk.
Persistent disks must be reconnected to the operating system that was used when they were created. For example, you cannot detach a persistent disk from a Windows 7 linked clone and recreate or attach the persistent disk to a Windows 8 linked clone.
Horizon 7 can manage persistent disks from linked-clone pools that were created in View 4.5 or later. Persistent disks that were created in earlier versions of Horizon 7 cannot be managed and do not appear on the Persistent Disks page in Horizon Administrator.


THOMAS WOOD. To be an honorable and efficient agriculturist in the State of Illinois, where the soil responds so generously to the hand of him who cultivates it, is to be almost ensured in having a comfortable home and happy and congenial surroundings. The intelligent and praiseworthy people who settled in this State in its early days brought with them such conditions and such institutions as tended to gather about them the best class of emigrants, and they and their descendants have built up such social conditions as have tended to the prosperity and happiness of all.
We find upon section 8, Oconee Township, Shelby County, a prosperous farmer and stock raiser in the person of Thomas H. Wood, who was born in Woodburn, Macoupin County, this State, September 11, 1862. He is a son of J. M. and Elizabeth M. (Hilliard) Wood, the former being born in Sangamon County, Ill., in 1823, and the mother in the same state in 1826. The mother, who became a widow in May, 1887, after her removal to this county, still resides on her farm in Oconee Township. The Wood family is pleased to count itself as descended from the sturdy English stock which is representative of the people who demanded from King John that noble instrument — the Magna Charta.
Eight sons and four daughters were born to the parents of our subject, namely: Perminda, now Mrs. L. Howell, of Dodge City, Kan.; Mary, who has been twice married, first to James Coffee and after her widowhood to J. C. Lemay, and now lives at Gillespie, Macoupin County; Jennie, the wife of J. S. March, of Oconee; John H., who lives with his wife, Ella Brennan, in Woodburn, Macoupin County; William J., who has been an invalid for the last fifteen years, resides with his mother; Leonard D., who is farming in Gandy, Neb., and is married to Clarissa Holbrook; Luther and Abbie, who died in early childhood; Weston, who resides in Oconee Township with his wife; Sadie Doyle; Thomas, our subject; James M., who married Gilla Combest and resides on a farm in Oconee Township; Walter B., who married Blanche Brown and lives upon the parental homestead.
The subject of this brief life review came to Oconee Township with his parents when a young lad of some twelve years, and here he grew to manhood and has made his home from that day to this. He obtained his education in the district schools of Illinois, which gave him an excellent preparation for his life work, and received thorough training upon the home farm in the practical work of agriculture. February 23, 1883, was the day of days in the life of this young man as it united him in marriage with the lady of his choice, Miss Clara B. Speaker, daughter of David and Abbie Speaker, of Oconee. She was born November 27, 1861, in this township, of Rhode Island parentage. She lost her father when a little child and her mother took a second husband, whose name is Combest. She had three daughters by her first marriage, Mrs. Wood being the second in age and the others being Ida M., now Mrs. Bowmer, of Providence, R. I., and Celia A., now Mrs. Murray, of Pana, Ill.
To Mr. and Mrs. Wood two sons were born — Joseph, who came to them December 17, 1883, and the youngest, who was born March 5, 1891, is Cecil. Mr. Wood has always taken an active interest in political affairs and voted with the Democratic party until quite recently when he joined the Farmers' Mutual Benefit Association and now works heartily with them for the benefit of the farming community. He holds no church connection, but is an active promoter of all movements which look to the prosperity and improvement of the township, in which he owns two hundred acres of rich and productive land, most of which is situated on section 8, where he makes his home. His farm is finely improved and he lives in comparative ease, reaping the rich reward of the efforts of his earlier years.
Extracted 05 Dec 2016 by Norma Hass from 1891 Portrait and Biographical Record of Shelby and Moultrie Counties Illinois, pages 194-195.


text:
Istanbul's landmark tower to be reopened as museum on September
Restoration works have started in Istanbul's iconic Galata Tower which was handed over to the General Directorate of Foundations while it is being operated by Istanbul Municipality.
The 672-year-old landmark building, whose exterior is undergoing restoration, will be opened to tourists on Sept. 15, as a museum.
The terrace of the tower will be reached by elevator, but stairs will be used when going down. Thus, all floors of the tower can be visited, Turkey's Culture and Tourism Minister Mehmet Nuri Ersoy said.
"You can get information in the museum by looking at the historical and archaeological values of Istanbul. Galata Tower will become a direction center," Ersoy added.
He also pointed out that the restaurant and cafe inside the tower will be removed.
"There are many restaurants and cafes around. We don't have to make money from there. We build a modern museum inside, using it as a tourist attraction," he noted.
Preliminary preparations started before the restoration works carried out by the General Directorate of Foundations.
Scaffolds were installed around the tower for exterior maintenance within the scope of the works.
Galata Tower, one of the highest and oldest towers of Istanbul, was built in the 14th century by the Genoese colony as part of the defense wall surrounding their district in Beyoğlu directly opposite ancient Constantinople.
Just some hundred meters below the tower, a megaproject, known as Galataport, is expected to boost the city's tourism and increase tourism revenues.
The project is being developed in Istanbul's Karaköy district along the 1,200-meter coastline.
Spanish horses brave fire to fight virus
An inquiring journey between zeros and ones
Pierre Cardin plans Paris comeback after founder's death
Newest films at Istanbul Modern
'Amadeus' ballet on stage in Mersin
Prince Harry files court claim over UK police protection
Paris Fashion Week gets physical despite Omicron

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Last week I shared how to use Shopify Buy Buttons on your site as explained in my New Shop Pages in my Templates HERE. Today I thought I would share with you how to use SendOwl Buy Buttons to sell products, subscriptions, and digital items on your Showit website. They both do very similar things and would definitely recommend SendOwl if you plan to create your own page design and use just a simple 'buy-button' on it.
SendOwl is actually what I use through Shopify (as an add-on app) to send my digital items to the customer. In the next month or so I'll actually be moving my cart and checkout process from Shopify over to just SendOwl for a few reasons.
SendOwl allows you to have affiliates, upsells offers, 'PDF Stamping', license keys, Drip functionality, subscriptions, etc!
AKA: if you want to just use a 'buy-button' like seen below and do not want to embed full product items or collections (like I showed in my last post HERE with Shopify). I would highly recommend SendOwl. They also analytics, customized checkouts, fraud filtering, VAT rules, etc.
First things first, you'll need to set up your account HERE and add all of your business information (taxes, payment gateway, etc). When you are done with that, you can start adding your products.
This will direct you over to your SendOwl account where you can easily create a product based on the one you just made on Shopify and upload your digital item, create the price, etc..
If you are just using SendOwl you can create your product/item yourself (from the navigation bar on the left) and go through the process of adding the Product title, price, file, etc. When done make sure to click the 'Sales Page Details' (as seen below) to fill out the remaining information about that item.
Even though you are not 'displaying' these details on your site in full, you'll want to have this information and image created because this is what they will see when they add the product to the cart and go through the checkout process.
When you are done with the product you can now add it to your Showit Site. On my NEW Shop page templates, I actually created a buy button and cart checkout so you can see how it works.
Because the buy button is red and not very attractive, they make it easy for you to add your own button image, you'll just have to create that image first. You can right click and save the one below or you can create your own image in photoshop, illustrator or even Canva.com. I recommend making the button size around 400px wide.
When you have your button ready, head into your Showit account and upload that image to your media library. Once you do that, hover over that image and click the link icon to copy that link URL.
P.S. This line of code will allow you to easily re-size that embed box in step 04 to your liking!
Now that you have the product created and the embed code styled, we just need to add it to Showit. In my Shop Templates, I already have a full product page design and the iFrame embed box ready for you. Or you can simply choose the 'EMBED CODE' option on the bottom of your Showit site and paste the code you just created right into the box.
Since you'll have other items and products to add you can go through the process in STEP 02 and just replace that first link URL in the code you have in your text doc with your new product link (see below). AKA: keeping the styling as is and just swapping out the product reference URL.
I include extra tutorial videos (how to customize and brand your checkout and cart) as other goodies in my new Shop page designs included in my Site templates below.


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Cargill opens high-tech canola crushing plant in Camrose .
Cargill's Camrose canola-crushing plant is expected to create 60 full-time jobs at the plant and have a 500-million annual economic impact. The cost of the plant wasn't released. bmah .
Minnesota Company Continues Efforts to Build New Canola .
Minnesota Company Continues Efforts to Build New Canola Crushing Plant in Enid Thu, 10 Jan 2013 18:32:55 CST. Neil Juhnke, president and chief operating officer of Northstar Agri-Industries spoke to business leaders in Enid Thursday about the canola crushing plant .
The plants' flowers both have that characteristic bright yellow color, and you get oil from both of the seeds by crushing the plants. That said, they have a couple key genetic differences. Canola was created through plant-breeding in order to get rid of two undesirable components of rapeseed.
Warden canola plant fills gap for area farmers | Tri-City .
It's the largest food-grade canola crush plant to open in Washington. Odessa did have a plant about a tenth of the size, but its focus was on crushing canola for biodiesel. The Odessa plant closed .
Canola Crush. 2 years ago - Shannon Schindle. With new technology, one company has made a new canola worth crushing over. . An exciting breakthrough in developing new traits in plants, RTDS provides precise and predictable results with beneficial traits that are indistinguishable from those developed through traditional plant breeding, but .
Many canola processing plants in colder climates pre-heat the seed with grain dryers to approximately 35°C to prevent shattering which may occur when cold seed from storage enters the .
Canola oil, or canola for short, is a vegetable oil derived from a variety of rapeseed that is low in erucic acid, as opposed to colza oil. There are both edible and industrial forms produced from the seed of any of several cultivars of the plant family Brassicaceae, namely cultivars of Brassica napus L., Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera, syn. B .
Richardson Oilseed is one of Canada's oldest and largest fully-integrated crushing, refining, processing and packaging operations. We work diligently to meet the growing demand for canola oil domestically and internationally, and much of this work happens at our processing plants.
Board of Directors canola council of canada crush plants. Canola Crush Oilseed Value Chain . CCC Board of Directors Company . All content on this site is property of the Canola Council of Canada.
Revised, June 15 — A "cold-press" canola crushing plant in southeastern Manitoba is the latest acquisition for Canada's largest grain company. Viterra announced Monday that it will buy the Associated Proteins plant at Ste. Agathe, Man., about 25 km south of Winnipeg on the west bank of the Red River, for 64 million plus "working capital."
Canola Crush Plants In Canada | Crusher Mills, Cone .
Canola crushing plant turns 10 tons of locally grown seeds to . Canola crushing plant turns 10 tons of locally . He also knew that canola was Canada's biggest crop and that they were only able to crush .
An oilseed crushing plant scheduled to open this fall in Plymouth, Utah, should make soybeans and canola more common in regional farm rotations.
Canola Oilseed Processor Hart AgStrong LLC to Locate in .
The plant will initially crush and process 150 tons of canola oilseeds per day. A second phase of the project will include increasing the facility's crushing capacity and building a vegetable oil refining plant, which is expected to be operational by early 2017.
United States Canola Crush Facilities | Mobile Crushers .
United States Canola Crush Facilities heavy industry is specialized in the design, manufacture and supply of crushing equipment used in mining industry. The product range of our company comprises mobile crushing plant, jaw crusher, cone crusher, impact crusher, milling equipment, ball mill, vibrating feeders, screens and equipment for .
Northwood, ND, plant is crushing canola again | Grand .
The plant already has contracts to sell canola oil and canola meal through the spring of 2015. Both meal and oil from the Northwood plant are sold to a wide range of customers, Killam says.
News Bunge Hamilton, Ontario Plant to Process Canola. December 5, 2006 - St. Louis, Missouri - Bunge North America, the North American operating arm of Bunge Limited (NYSE: BG), announced that it will resume canola operations at its oilseed processing plant in Hamilton, Ontario.
States with NOPA Processing Plants ALABAMA Bunge North America, Inc. – Decatur Cargill, Inc. – Guntersville ARKANSAS Riceland Foods, Inc. – Stuttgart GEORGIA Archer Daniels Midland Co. – Valdosta Cargill, Inc. – Gainesville ILLINOIS Archer Daniels Midland Co.– Decatur East, Decatur West, Quincy East, Quincy West Bunge North America .
In a 190M day, Yorkton gets 2 canola-crushing plants .
The new plant will triple Richardson's production of canola oil, an edible product that is used in salads, frying, margarine and potentially for bio-diesel fuel.
The canola seed contains on average 44% oil (Canola Council 2012) with the balance being canola meal which is marketed into the feed grain sector for hogs, poultry, etc. Extraction rate of the oil from seed is between 75% and 85% depending on the end user market.
Canada's 14 crushing and refining plants (mapped below) have the capacity to crush about 10 million tonnes of canola seed, and produce about 3 million tonnes of canola oil and 4 million tonnes of canola meal annually. The main canola products are oil for human consumption and meal for livestock feed. Canola oil is refined to improve its colour .
canola crushing plant locations canada heavy industry is specialized in the design, manufacture and supply of crushing equipment used in mining industry. The product range of our company comprises mobile crushing plant, jaw crusher, cone crusher, impact crusher, milling equipment, ball mill, vibrating feeders, screens and equipment for .
This is largest crush plant in Canada and billed as the largest "soft seed" plant in North America. Current canola crushing capacity, suggested to be 8 mmt, is poised to grow by an additional 2 .


text:
Dec. 20, 2018 / 9:23 AM
Putin on Trump decision to leave Syria: 'Donald is right'
Nicholas Sakelaris
Russian President Vladimir Putin said Thursday he agrees with President Donald Trump that it's time for U.S. troops to leave Syria. Photo by Yuri Gripas/UPI | License Photo
Dec. 20 (UPI) -- Russian President Vladimir Putin said Thursday he agrees with President Donald Trump that it's time for U.S. troops to leave Syria.
Putin's remarks came one day after the United States said it would withdraw all forces from Syria.
"Donald is right and I agree with him," Putin said in his annual meeting with reporters. "If the U.S. decided to withdraw its contingent, it has done the right thing. We see no signs of withdraw, but we admit that this is possible, especially since we are moving along the path of a political settlement."
Putin has said the U.S. presence in Syria was illegitimate, but agrees with U.S. military officials that the Islamic State in Syria has largely been defeated on the ground and has suffered "serious blows." Trump said the U.S. has won against the terrorist group.
RELATED Accused Russian spy pleads guilty to conspiracy
"We've beaten them and we've beaten them badly. And now it's time for our troops to come home," Trump said Wednesday.
Trump warned that the American military he's building will be the most powerful in the world and the terrorists will be "doomed" if they attack the United States.
Does the USA want to be the Policeman of the Middle East, getting NOTHING but spending precious lives and trillions of dollars protecting others who, in almost all cases, do not appreciate what we are doing? Do we want to be there forever? Time for others to finally fight.....
RELATED Trump Russia probe: Who's involved, where it stands
- Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) December 20, 2018
After historic victories against ISIS, it's time to bring our great young people home! pic.twitter.com/xoNjFzQFTp
RELATED Kremlin dismisses U.S. criticism for sending bombers to Venezuela
Others like British conservative and defense minister Tobias Ellwood disagree that U.S. forces should leave Syria, where terrorism and civil war have endured for years.
"It has morphed into other forms of extremism and the threat is very much alive," Ellwood said.
French defense minister Florence Parly tweeted concerns that the Islamic State, which has lost 90 percent of its territory in Syria, hasn't been fully removed.
Chris Meserole, a Middle East expert at the Brookings Institution, said a U.S. pullout would be a "likely" mistake.
This week in Washington


text:
L Japan: Kobe couple vlogs about lesbian life
L Japan is a YouTube vlog by an "International Lesbian Couple Living in the Kansai region of Japan, Miho (Japanese) and Clare (American)".
"Making videos has been a fun, creative outlet for us and is also a rewarding way to be 'out' and proud," says Clare, who with her partner Miho, produce L Japan, a YouTube vlog about lesbian life in Japan. Miho and Clare self-identify as lesbians.
"We decided to start our YouTube channel one because, while we found other Japanese-Japanese lesbian couples, we couldn't find anyone like us," says Clare in an interview with Global Voices. "And I personally wanted to create a resource for other women like myself who wanted to date women in Japan but always thought it was impossible."
Clare is originally from Florida in the United States, while Miho is from Nara Prefecture. Both now live in the Japanese port city of Kobe, to the west of Osaka, and have been together for a year and a half.
"We have videos where the two of us talk in Japanese about various topics, do some fun activities, or go on dates," says Clare in an interview with Global Voices. "I also have videos that I make alone, in English, about lesbian dating in Japan."
Miho and Clare started the channel in November 2019, and so far have produced nearly thirty videos. In the video below, Clare and Miho return to Nara to meet Miho's parents, and also reflect on the year ahead. While the video is in Japanese, YouTube provides English subtitles.
"Miho's family (in Nara) have all been very accepting of her and me, including her grandparents, aged 87 and 91," says Clare, who also says notes in general, life is comfortable for her as a lesbian living in Japan.
"Japanese people seem to have little to no opinion on LGBT people, which on one hand makes activism, (such as getting the laws around same-sex marriage changed) difficult, but going out very easy," she says. "We comfortably hold hands and tell others we are a couple. It is confusing for some, but we have never had any negative reactions."
Marriage equality and legalization of same-sex partnerships remains a key issue for LGBTQ+ people living in Japan. In early February, Japanese Prime Minister Abe Shinzo rejected calls to legalize same-sex marriage. In the absence of national leadership on the issue, local authorities and municipalities across Japan are increasingly recognizing same-sex partnerships, which has important implications for shared ownership of assets, estate planning and retirement planning.
"Same-sex partnerships are not yet recognized where we live (in Kobe), but areas around us which do are increasing and I believe it's only a matter of time until Kobe also implements the "partnership" system," says Clare. "We do plan to marry abroad though, even though it won't be recognized here."
At the end of the day, however, Clare says their goal is to provide a fun and informative look at life in Japan.
"Although we promote our videos with tags like 'lesbian couple' or 'international couple', we really just want people to see that we are not so different from other couples," says Clare.
Watch videos by Miho and Clare on L Japan on YouTube, including this introduction to Japanese lesbian slang:


text:
Q: golang + grpc: register a service on GrpcServer I'm working with this example for building a go lang grpc server.
But it seems that I'm missing something - In the example there is a phase of registering a service to the grpc-server but my protoc output has no registration method exported:
s := grpc.NewServer()
pb.RegisterGreeterServer(s, &server{})

Was there a change in the compilation of protobuf3 files?
Am I'm compiling it in the wrong way?
protoc --go_output=. *.proto

And how can I make the service work for the server, It is currently not:
func main() {
    lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", port)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
    }
    s := grpc.NewServer()
    //register should go here?!
    reflection.Register(s)
    if err := s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("failed to server: %v", err)
    }
}

A:
Am I'm compiling it in the wrong way?
protoc --go_output=. *.proto

Yes. As pointed out in the comment by Wendy Adi, the command-line option to protoc should be --go_out not --go_output and the plugins=grpc option is needed as well (as per the codegen.sh script). You should be able to use protoc to regenerate the .pb.go file in the helloworld example:
cd $GOPATH/src/google.golang.org/grpc/examples/helloworld
mv helloworld.pb.go helloworld.pb.go.orig
protoc --go_out=plugins=grpc:. helloworld.proto

The greeter_server should compile correctly afterwards:
cd ../greeter_server
go build .

A: if using grpc 3  use below cmd
protoc -I=proto --go_out=. --go-grpc_out=. proto/*.proto

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
title: "PiNet, a centralised user accounts and file storage system for a Raspberry Pi classroom."
layout: article
---

Understanding kernels on the Raspberry Pi and PiNet
-----------------------------------

***Note*** -  This guide is provided as is, it is unlikely any additional support will be offered for its contents if you get stuck. It is only designed for more advanced Raspberry Pi / Linux users. If you do have issues though, you could always try you luck at [contacting support](../support.html).
***Note 2*** - Take this document as draft level quality as it has not been double checked by all relevant experts yet, it is only what I have been able to gather myself over the past year.

## What is a kernel?
"In computing, the kernel is a computer program that manages I/O (input/output) requests from software, and translates them into data processing instructions for the central processing unit and other electronic components of a computer. The kernel is a fundamental part of a modern computer's operating system." - [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_%28operating_system%29)

The kernel is a vital part of Raspbian (and any operating system), it is the bridge between the computer hardware and the software on top. It is incredibly complex and is generally just huge! The standard Linux kernel currently (February 2015) has over 17 million lines of code contributed by over 13,000 people.
It contains all the drivers/modules required to work with the hardware. Sometimes if you want a very specialist piece of hardware to work, you may need to compile your own kernel.

## Raspberry Pi kernels
The kernel for the Raspberry Pi can be found on the /boot partition (the FAT32 partition you can open on Windows, Mac and Linux).
For the Raspberry Pi 1 (B, B+, A, A+) it is called kernel.img.
For the Raspberry Pi 2 (B) it is called kernel7.img.

The kernel is one of the few bits of software that wasn't able to run on both the Raspberry Pi 1 CPU (ARM6) and the Raspberry Pi 2 (ARM7) with the same version.
Instead the 2 versions had to be compiled separately and the firmware selects the correct one depending on the hardware it detects on boot.

## Kernel sources
There are 2 main sources for Raspberry Pi kernels. Both have their advantages and disadvantages.
- Official Raspberry Pi foundation kernels
- Unofficial Raspbian team kernels

#### Raspberry Pi foundation kernels
The Raspberry Pi foundation kernels are the official kernels the Raspberry Pi is shipped with. They are considerably more stripped down than the Raspbian team kernels, but are always the most up to date. For new hardware (like the new USB chip in the B+ or new CPU in Raspberry Pi 2 B), they available on day 1 of the hardware release.
They have a number of issues including not being correctly in line with the standard Debian kernels and lacking the header files, required to build custom kernel modules with.
They also don't follow the normal installation method and package names in the Raspbian software repositories.
For the average user though, these 2 downsides make no difference.
The kernel is though currently lacking AUFS support. AUFS is a virtual module for PiNet.

#### Raspbian team kernels
The Raspbian team maintains their own kernels. The Raspbian team maintain the Raspbian software repositories. Their kernels are based off the standard Debian kernels, and so contain a larger array of modules to support even more hardware. Due to this fact alone, their kernels are larger and take longer to build, although this is rarely an issue.
They include proper header files for compiling your own modules and generally more closely follow the standard Debian way of handling kernels, including the standard Debian way of packaging kernels and distributing them using apt.
One of the extra modules they include is AUFS, a vital module for PiNet network booting that is currently missing from the Raspberry Pi foundation kernels.
One of their major downsides though is they usually arrive quite a bit later than the Raspberry Pi foundation kernels, sometimes a number of weeks later.

### Initramfs
When talking about kernels, another key thing to discuss is the initramfs (also sometimes known as initrd although they are slightly different).
The initramfs is a tiny compressed entire filesystem in a single file. It contains a complete mini linux filesystem in 5mb-10mb.
The idea behind it is it is an extension of the kernel, containing a number of modules and startup scripts. It can be easily edited, while editing the kernel would require completely recompiling it again! It also allows you to start a mini operating system to load more advanced modules to use as a springboard for loading more advanced operating systems in complicated circumstances, for example network booting!
(If doing this on PiNet, enter run ```sudo ltsp-chroot``` before running the below commands).
You can generate an initramfs using the ```mkinitramfs``` command. For example, to build one for the 3.18 kernels, first get the exact version you with to build with using ```ls /lib/modules/```
Then use ```sudo mkinitramfs /boot/myAwesomeInitramfs3.18.img 3.18.6-v7+```.
**Note - You must build the initramfs with the exact same kernel version you intend to use. Even if they are out by one minor version or they are out of date with the version on the server, devices (like keyboards and mice) may not work**

## So where does PiNet come into all this?
With PiNet, the kernel and initramfs version is extremely important.
Both live on the SD card with normal Raspberry Pi firmware and all the config files.
**PiNet currently uses the Raspbian team kernels as they contain the required extra modules (OverlayFS or AUFS, SquashFS and NBD) which are missing from the Raspberry Pi foundation kernels.** - this is being worked on though.
You may notice after software updates to PiNet, sometimes your PiNet clients will randomly reboot just after hitting the login screen a single time. This is because they have detected they are running an out of date version of the kernel files (mismatch with the version on the server) and the server has automatically copied the new kernel and initramfs over to the SD card. It must restart the Pi to apply the update. It should only happen a single time for each SD card on a new kernel update.

## I am impatient and want to try the new kernel features right now!
You can do this if you compile your own kernel.
Kernel compiling is an incredibly CPU intensive job. Although it could be done natively on the Raspberry Pi, it would take many hours. Fortunately we can cross compile (compile it on another more powerful computer) it.
#### Building the kernel
Adafruit has an excellent kernel building tool that runs on Windows, Mac and Linux called the [Kernel-O-Matic](https://learn.adafruit.com/raspberry-pi-kernel-o-matic/overview) that is a great place to start.
Once it is installed (and you have got as far as ```vagrant ssh```), you need to grab a few extra bits.
The main one being AUFS.
```cd /rpi_linux/```
```git clone git://aufs.git.sourceforge.net/gitroot/aufs/aufs3-standalone.git```
```cd aufs3-standalone```
```git checkout origin/aufs3.18``` (change the 3.18 to whatever version you are working with)
```cp -rp *.patch ../```
```cp -rp fs ../```
```cp -rp Documentation/ ../```
```cp -rp include/ ../```
```cd ..```
```patch -p1 < aufs3-kbuild.patch``` (may be a few errors, don't worry)
```patch -p1 < aufs3-base.patch```
```patch -p1 < aufs3-proc_map.patch```
```patch -p1 < aufs3-standalone.patch```
```patch -p1 < aufs3-mmap.patch```
Now that your kernel is now patched with AUFS support, is time to compile it.
Launch adabuild with ```sudo adabuild```
Give it a minuite or 2 for the kernel menu to appear. You must enable the 3 extra modules.
To enable a module, hit y when it is selected.
- Network block device : ```Device Drivers```, ```Block devices```, ```Network block device support```
- SquashFS : ```File systems```, ```Miscellaneous filesystems```, ```SquashFS 4.0 - Squashed filesystem support```
- AUFS : ```File systems```, ```Miscellaneous filesystems```, ```Aufs (Advanced multi layered unification filesystem)``` - It is right at the bottom.

Finally, select exit at the bottom (tab then enter).
The kernel will start compiling. You will need to do the same for the Pi 2 kernel once the Pi 1 kernel is completed.

#### Installing the new kernel
The new kernel is packaged up inside a .deb file. Follow the instructions on the kernel-o-matic guide on how to get the newly created .deb file.
- Once you have it, move it to your PiNet server (via pendrive or FTP) and copy the file into somewhere like ```/opt/ltsp/armhf/tmp```.
- Next, switch to the Raspbian OS with ```sudo ltsp-chroot --arch armhf```.
- Install the .deb package using ```dpkg -i /tmp/whatYouNamedIt.deb```.

#### Generating the initramfs
We now need to generate the initramfs for the new kernel. To do so (continuing on from above)
- Build the initramfs with ```sudo mkinitramfs /boot/myAwesomeInitramfs3.18.img 3.18.6-v7+```. (Remember to change the version number if need be, see initramfs section above).
- At this point it would be worth starting a manual recompress of the Raspbian install, the tool can be found in PiNet, in "other" and is called ```NBD-recompress```.

#### Install it on the SD card
- First, start with a normal PiNet SD card.
- Delete anything with pervious kernel versions in its name (e.g.```vmlinuz-3.12-1-rpi``` or ```initrd.img-3.12-1-rpi``` etc). Also, if you have it, delete the ```kernel.img``` and ```kernel7.img```.
- Copy the new kernel and initramfs from /opt/ltsp/armhf/boot to the SD card. They will be named ```kernel.img```, ```kernel7.img```, ```myAwesomeInitramfs3.18.img```.
- Finally, you need to edit the config.txt file to make sure it knows what to look for when booting. Find the ```initramfs``` line. Change it to ```initramfs myAwesomeInitramfs3.18.img```. If there is a line containing ```kernel```, remove the line.

You are now ready to boot your Raspberry Pi with your custom kernel. You can use the same instructions to add additional modules you may need.
Note that PiNet auto updates its kernel files if new version are released by the normal channels, so they may overwrite your kernels, so always keep a backup of them.

**Instructions for building AUFS based off [this excellent blog post](http://rpitc.blogspot.co.uk/p/kernel-rebuild.html).**

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home / Windows OS / Guide to Receiving Updates for Other Microsoft Products
Guide to Receiving Updates for Other Microsoft Products
Updates to the Windows operating system and other Microsoft products are generally considered critical. The primary reasons are security, product enhancements, bug fixes, and in many cases, performance improvements.
Traditionally, Windows updates are separated from other Microsoft updates such as Office or anything else you might be using.
However, in Windows 11, and probably in more recent versions of Windows 10, Microsoft provides an option to club them together so that everything is part of "Windows Update." In other words, you do not have to update Windows and other Microsoft products individually. Instead, it all gets encompassed into one.
Note that this isn't the default stance for a lot of the folks, so it's something you would need to turn on/enable or turn off/disable at your prerogative. To know how to access this setting, follow along.
How To Enable or Disable Updates for Other Microsoft Products at the Same Time As Windows Updates (Together)
The Windows OS is vast, with many customization options for its users. Given its great size, figuring out a specific outcome can sometimes be cumbersome.
As far as enabling or disabling the updates for other Microsoft products hand-in-hand with Windows updates goes, you'd need to navigate to the Advanced sections of the regular update settings. Check out the step-by-step instructions below to learn how.
Step 1: Head Over to the "Windows Update" Settings
In this step, open the main settings app and click on "Windows Update" to see its specific choices. Typically, this is the very last option on the left side/panel of the Windows Settings app. Check out the visual below for reference.
As depicted, go to the Windows Update Settings from the main Settings.
Step 2: Select "Advanced Options" Under the 'More Options' Section
When inside the Windows update settings, divert your attention to the choices presented under the 'More options' area. Select "Advanced Options" from those choices, as shown in the image underneath.
As indicated, select "Advanced options."
Step 3: Toggle the Switch to on or Off for Receiving Updates for Other Microsoft Products
For your final step, Windows will provide various options pertinent to the Advanced settings. From these, the first choice (customarily) will be whether you want updates for other Microsoft products in conjunction with Windows updates.
If you want to enable this, turn the toggle switch ON, or to disable it, click again to set its status to OFF. For context, review the image that follows.
The final step to enabling or disabling other Microsoft updates with regular Windows updates.
What Graphics Card Do I Have?
How to Turn On Windows Defender
How To Switch to Dark Mode in Windows 11
How To Add Folders to Windows 11 Start Menu
How To Check if Windows 11 Is Activated
Activating Windows 11 Spotlight Images for Your Desktop Background
How To Regulate Notifications in Windows 11: (on a Per-App Basis or for Everything)
How To Protect Your Windows PC From Potentially Unwanted Applications (PUAs)
What Are Offline Maps in Windows 11, and How To Use Them?
So, What Does It Mean To Receive Other Microsoft Product Updates?
As discussed in this post, anything not included in the Windows update would be designated as other Microsoft updates, a prominent example being its renowned Office software.
It is unclear whether there would be a list of "other" Microsoft products updated with this methodology for every occurrence. Nevertheless, if more control is what you're looking for, then it's best to keep this option disabled.
On the other hand, if you don't want to deal with all the hassle of ensuring you're staying on top of updating all your Microsoft products, enabling it as part of the routine Windows update might be the way to go.
EXPLORE ALL WINDOWS OS POSTS
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While the Federal Reserve is moving at a snail's pace to raise rates, short-term borrowing costs have surged this year. And that is hurting companies with high levels of floating-rate debt.
Short-term borrowing costs have risen on the back of technical factors far faster than the pace of Fed tightening. Now, the three-month London interbank offered rate, or Libor, sits at 2.3%, its highest level since 2009, Goldman Sachs strategists write in a note.
Though rising borrowing costs shouldn't hurt U.S. stocks in the aggregate, those with high variable-rate debt have recently lagged and could struggle further if borrowing costs continue to climb, they write.
Shares of the 50 S&P 500 companies with floating-rate bond debt of 5% or more of total debt have lagged the index by about three percentage points so far this year as short-term rates have climbed.
Small-cap stocks generally carry a larger share of floating-rate debt than do large-caps. Among the latter, companies with floating-rate debt that accounted for 20% or more of their total debt included consumer staples like Campbell Soup (CPB) and Colgate-Palmolive (CL), industrials like Stanley Black & Decker (SWK), Vulcan Materials (VMC), and Martin Marietta Materials (MLM).
Stocks with high levels of variable debt could continue to struggle. Technical factors have lifted the short-term rates faster than the pace of Fed tightening, and Goldman credit strategists think the spread between Libor and overnight indexed swap rates could narrow after a few months, which could offer a "tactical value opportunity." That spread is seen as a gauge of the health of the banking sector and a closely watched measure of risk and liquidity in the money market.
Bottom line: Goldman recommends owning stocks with strong balance sheets. Apart from the short-term borrowing-cost phenomenon, the bank says the economic backdrop is increasingly unfavorable for heavily indebted companies. Borrowing costs should keep rising as the economic cycle matures, hurting earnings and exacerbating leverage ratios—as well as the ability to issue new debt.
While the Federal Reserve is moving at a snail's pace to raise rates, short-term borrowing costs have surged this year.


Missive | What's the difference between Inbox and Unassigned?
HelpMissive concepts explained What's the difference between Inbox and Unassigned?
With Inbox, everyone has their own unread and archived state. New emails will be added to everyone's Inbox. When someone answers or archives an email, it will remain unread in their coworkers' inbox until they read / archive / trash it themselves. This is useful for people who want to remain master of their own inbox and see all emails that have been received and answered by anyone.
With Unassigned, new emails appear in the Unassigned mailbox instead of the Inbox. The difference is that the Unassigned mailbox is shared among coworkers, meaning that whenever an email is assigned / archived / closed, it will be removed from Unassigned for everyone. This is useful for teams who want a "triage" step that will clean up emails for all coworkers at once.
It is also possible to automatically assign all emails received at a shared account or address by selecting Assign to and the teammate(s) you want.
These settings are available in the Organizations > Email sharing tab. You can read more about triaging and assignment in this guide.


text:
Note: I've always liked to write, but this blog has more or less been focused on traveling and climbing; I write but do not publish more personal posts. I have decided to start to share at least part of these feelings because writing- and specifically publishing to a likely small and obscure (and accidental) audience- has turned into a sort of therapy for me. It seems to justify my feelings, to transform them from shapeless and theoretical, to real.
When I left Seattle in mid-March, a fear dropped in me, hard, like a round stone in a deep pool. I could taste that feeling when what you wanted so much suddenly becomes real, but seemingly irrevocable.
I was fueled by a fiery drive to climb and to climb hard. My body felt healed from an injury, I had been training, and had begun to transform my life into the dream I had been delicately crafting in my head for years. As I pushed into winter, though, certain life events unleashed a deep fatigue that sank its tendrils into me, tightening every day. It was not one thing, in particular, just a dizzying accumulation, tiny whirls gathering around me to a big focal point, building to a callous storm.
A striking and sudden inability to find meaning in my work, confusion about who cared and who really mattered, financial difficulty, all combined to feel like a ruthless razor situated perfectly next to my ambition- one tiny slip and it's deadly.
It turned into a terrible rhythm I could feel pulsing in my body, starting in November and strengthening throughout all of January, February and March. I tried to keep myself one step ahead of it, but eventually, it wound me up so tight that my energy crashed, and that delicate filter I have in place in my brain, the one that feeds out the bullshit, snapped. I wanted to fling it off with a violent shove, but I ran out of strength.
When I stumbled out into the desert it felt as refreshing and true as a deep breath of fresh air. I felt the grip loosen, but not entirely release.
The climbing goal was to find something hard to try, potentially a longer-term pursuit. I hadn't projected for a year, and I missed it deeply. I wanted to get intimate with movement, to feel that miasma of frustration and joy, to slow down and take in the micro-beta that was crucial for my particular body.
My mind was set on 5.13+. I managed to dispatch a few, and quickly; the long "project" never came. I climbed some really good routes, was challenged, and had fun. But none of them feel particularly meaningful and at that moment, that's what I craved, something bigger.
When I dig deep- cut to the core root of what I think it is that makes me tick- I find I am wandering, searching for a sense of identity but unable to land my feet on anything stable. This is because I am not very capable, or proficient, at anything. It's easy to hide behind these walls of seemingly self-deprecating text and be met with the typical eye-roll from the other side. It's very difficult to express that I'm not trying to debase myself for superficial reasons. I can't find the words to show the depth of my certitude- that it goes beyond bouts of self-conscious doubt- that it's true and wretched and that I don't know what to do about it.
My job as a Ph.D student, though interesting on many intellectual levels, can be bereft of specific guidelines, very niche, not applied, and lacking in skill-specific tasks common to other Ph.Ds, like hard-core coding. I am neither making an impact nor honing any kind of marketable skill. That's a toxic realization to come to halfway through a major project. The hobbies and skills I did have when I was younger, that came naturally to me and that I earnestly pursued, have gone away. It's easy to blame myself for getting here in the first place. To conclude that I was never strong enough to avoid it, never capable of the deep thought process that could have helped me be somewhere else.
Maybe this is party why I want a climbing project. I need boxes to tick, I want a methodological outline of what I need to do to accomplish a goal. I want to prove myself, only to myself. Even if I don't accomplish anything, I can't say I didn't try in a structured way. When you're projecting the next steps can often be fairly obvious and the process can be quite calculated.
These thoughts struck me one night recently, as clear and as crisp as the cold evening air lingering in my throat- crystal, painful, like a shard of glass reflecting my image back to myself. It was a blunt, precise blow to the chest, so strong I found myself off my feet, sitting down outside on rough gravel. Inherent inability, inherent weakness, inherent ineptitude. That I'll never be what I want to be. In a way it was somewhat of a relief, to be suddenly so acutely aware of your limits that you can tailor your goals around them. The mystery is stripped away and behind it, I don't like what I see, but at least I can see it.
A draft
The feeling is diffuse and huge, so omnipresent you almost forget about it, like a dull pain you teach yourself to ignore. Other times it is achingly close, so vivid and intense that the clarity makes you catch your breath. You can arrange the thoughts in a neat line, stark and bare for you to examine and categorize, like dark leaves in deep white snow. But when you reach to search for language- to communicate, analyze, question- a sideways shaft of light suddenly obscures your vision, layering a thin light haze over you and what you thought you finally understood; you blink, a slight nod to your head, as the realization vanishes – and you're lost all over again.
Not long ago you were driving, not paying attention to anything in particular, when a song began to play- Myth by Beach House.
If you built yourself a myth, You'd know just what to give
Then you felt it again, in intimate, serrated, close detail- a swift and shockingly clear realization. It corners you, that suffocating sensation when you realize you are not extraordinary. And then it leaves. Momentarily you feel blindsided, shook, confused, but aware.
Help me to name it,
Help me to name it
Happiness can often feel so easy to reach. To admire the glossy shine of fresh spring flowers after a light rain, to tuck your head into someone's neck and relish the warmth of intimacy, to deeply inhale the scent of coffee as you prolong your morning, to feel strong as you instinctively let your body move…
found yourself in a new direction
arrows falling from the sun
canyons calling
would they come to greet you
let you know you're not the only one
There is only one corner of the universe you can be certain of improving, and that's your own self – Aldous Huxley
To overcome the anxieties and depressions of contemporary life, individuals must become independent of the social environment to the degree that they no longer respond exclusively in terms of its rewards and punishments. To achieve such autonomy, a person has to learn to provide rewards to herself. She has to develop the ability to find enjoyment and purpose regardless of external circumstances." ― Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
At the end of this year, I revisited the list of "2018 goals" I decided I wanted to pursue.
"To those human beings who are of any concern to me I wish suffering, desolation, sickness, ill-treatment, indignities—I wish that they should not remain unfamiliar with profound self-contempt, the torture of self-mistrust, the wretchedness of the vanquished: I have no pity for them, because I wish them the only thing that can prove today whether one is worth anything or not—that one endures."
This is a story about two feet, but to truly tell the tale I need to start elsewhere.
climbing, rock climbing, sport climbing, Uncategorized
Meldicott Dome. "Peace" is visible as the second streak of black granite-to the right of its famous neighbor Bachar-Yerian
Before New Years- frozen in a small cabin in Mexico- I wrote a list of goals for the next year. I split it up into sections – "climbing" , "professional" and "personal." Of course, because my priorities can be somewhat perplexing, the "climbing" section came first. On the very top of the list I wrote "Touch To Bolt, " vowing that I would at least try my dream route. In April, I surprised myself by not only trying it but, after 16 days of work, joyously clipping its anchors. Immediately below to bolt, I wrote my second goal- "Peace."
To Bolt or Not To Be
Up high on Kings of Rap at Smith Rock State Park. Photo by Micah Humphrey
On my 27th birthday, I woke up buried in my sleeping bag, nestled in my car in the middle of Central Oregon. I poked my head out to see frost building up on every window of my car, yet the sky was clear and the sun was strong. This wasn't an unfamiliar scene- I had spent many nights this winter and spring in the exact same spot, and I welcomed the cold weather. Cold weather meant more days of climbing. In fact, the forecast for the week looked so good that I organized my work around it at the last minute, driving down from Seattle by myself to capitalize on what would likely be the last week of crisp conditions that would grace this area for months.
An experiment in "trying hard"
Me trying to get something back on the first rest of Black Magic (12d), one of the many stellar routes at "Equinox", a phenomenal small crag nestled in northwest Washington
Since I'm in graduate school now, let's do some data analysis.


text:
package errorstest

import (
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"go/ast"
	"go/parser"
	"go/token"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
	"path/filepath"
	"strings"
	"testing"
)

type ShortPosition struct {
	Line    int
	Column  int
	Visited bool
}

type IdentPositionInfo map[string][]ShortPosition

type Visitor struct {
	identPosInfo IdentPositionInfo
	fset         *token.FileSet
	t            *testing.T
}

func (v *Visitor) Visit(node ast.Node) ast.Visitor {
	if ident, ok := node.(*ast.Ident); ok {
		if expectedPositions, ok := v.identPosInfo[ident.Name]; ok {
			gotMatch := false
			var errorMessage strings.Builder
			for caseIndex, expectedPos := range expectedPositions {
				actualPosition := v.fset.PositionFor(ident.Pos(), true)
				errorOccured := false
				if expectedPos.Line != actualPosition.Line {
					fmt.Fprintf(&errorMessage, "wrong line number for ident %s: expected: %d got: %d\n", ident.Name, expectedPos.Line, actualPosition.Line)
					errorOccured = true
				}
				if expectedPos.Column != actualPosition.Column {
					fmt.Fprintf(&errorMessage, "wrong column number for ident %s: expected: %d got: %d\n", ident.Name, expectedPos.Column, actualPosition.Column)
					errorOccured = true
				}
				if errorOccured {
					continue
				}
				gotMatch = true
				expectedPositions[caseIndex].Visited = true
			}

			if !gotMatch {
				v.t.Errorf(errorMessage.String())
			}
		}
	}
	return v
}

func TestArgumentsPositions(t *testing.T) {
	testdata, err := filepath.Abs("testdata")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	tmpPath := t.TempDir()

	dir := filepath.Join(tmpPath, "src", "testpositions")
	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	cmd := exec.Command("go", "tool", "cgo",
		"-srcdir", testdata,
		"-objdir", dir,
		"issue42580.go")
	cmd.Stderr = new(bytes.Buffer)

	err = cmd.Run()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("%s: %v\n%s", cmd, err, cmd.Stderr)
	}
	mainProcessed, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "issue42580.cgo1.go"))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	fset := token.NewFileSet()
	f, err := parser.ParseFile(fset, "", mainProcessed, parser.AllErrors)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
		return
	}

	expectation := IdentPositionInfo{
		"checkedPointer": []ShortPosition{
			ShortPosition{
				Line:   32,
				Column: 56,
			},
		},
		"singleInnerPointerChecked": []ShortPosition{
			ShortPosition{
				Line:   37,
				Column: 91,
			},
		},
		"doublePointerChecked": []ShortPosition{
			ShortPosition{
				Line:   42,
				Column: 91,
			},
		},
	}
	for _, decl := range f.Decls {
		if fdecl, ok := decl.(*ast.FuncDecl); ok {
			ast.Walk(&Visitor{expectation, fset, t}, fdecl.Body)
		}
	}
	for ident, positions := range expectation {
		for _, position := range positions {
			if !position.Visited {
				t.Errorf("Position %d:%d missed for %s ident", position.Line, position.Column, ident)
			}
		}
	}
}


text:
York IE
New Early Stage Investment Firm Launches To Reshape How Startups Are Built
(Manchester, NH, September 10, 2019) — York IE, a new value-add investment firm and operating company, announced its public launch today with a commitment to reshape the way startups are built, scaled, and monetized.
"Entrepreneurs have always worn many hats and been willing to do whatever it takes to succeed. We feel like an investment firm should do the same," said Kyle York, CEO and managing partner of York IE. "Our focus is to help entrepreneurs grow and scale their companies. Good companies create new jobs, invest in their local communities and impact the world. "
Though the formal launch of York IE is today, York and his fellow co-founders and managing partners, Joe Raczka and Adam Coughlin, have been investing and advising startups for the past five years. Currently, York IE has already deployed over $12 million in capital investing in over 60 startups, 16 of which have exited in deals valued at over $2.5 billion, including Fastly, which became a publicly traded company in May 2019, and Datanyze, which was acquired by ZoomInfo in 2018.
"Kyle and the whole crew at York IE are without a doubt, the most energetic and positive people I've ever met," said Ilya Semin, CEO and founder of Datanyze. "Kyle worked with me as an advisor, investor and board member and he's been absolutely incredible. It's hard to estimate how much value York IE added to our team. If and when I do my next startup, they will be my first call."
Unlike many early stage investment firms, York IE is not raising a traditional fund and will not take a management fee from co-investors as they want to focus their time on working directly with and for entrepreneurs. Instead, they are investing through online and offline syndicates in an effort to democratize angel investing. York IE runs the largest SaaS syndicate on AngelList with nearly 1,000 backers and also launches with an all-star roster of high net worth investment partners with stellar careers from Fidelity, including Bob Brown, former President of Bond Division, who will also serve as an advisor to the firm.
"Kyle and his team are smart, connected and hustle," said legendary angel investor Gil Penchina. "But most importantly they built a scalable revenue generating team so their advice is from the school of hard knocks, not some ivory tower."
That experience includes helping build Dyn to $100 million annual recurring revenue, 5,000 clients, 1 million paid users, $100 million fundraised, and nearly 15 mergers and acquisitions across their time spent at Dyn and within Oracle, who acquired Dyn in 2016 for a strategic multiple. York IE believes entrepreneurs benefit from more than just capital. They will bring their expertise in corporate strategy and go to market to their early stage startups plugging any holes the founding team needs.
Since York IE is operator focused, they want to remain operators, which is why they will be launching a suite of products for entrepreneurs and angel investors. The products, which will be launching in 2020, will eliminate many of the barriers of entry to starting a new company.
Learn more about York IE by visiting york.ie or by signing up for its newsletter.
ABOUT YORK IE
York IE is a hybrid strategic advisory, investment, and operational growth firm focused on scaling innovative, creative and impactful companies via several unique engagements and vehicles. We invest capital, expertise, and passion, build products and create content to support ambitious entrepreneurs and angel investors on their quest to scale startups and disrupt markets. To learn more, visit York.IE.
Adam Coughlin
adam@york.ie
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