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Crockart welcomes multi-million pound boost for Scottish coastal communities
Posted by Liberal Democrats | Updated 2011-07-22
Mike Crockart, MP for Edinburgh West, has welcomed today's announcement by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, of a new Coastal Communities Fund to support the economic development of coastal communities, which includes £4 million for Scotland.
The Fund will support a wide range of projects, including those that focus on charities, the environment, education and health. It will be financed by the Government through the allocation of funding equivalent to 50 per cent of the revenues from the Crown Estate's marine activities in each country of the UK, with separate funding for England, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Highlands and Islands, and the rest of Scotland.
Mr Crockart said, "Coastal communities, like South Queensferry in my constituency, have always been and continue to be of great importance to Scotland not just in financial terms but also culturally.
"Today two iconic bridges span the Forth at Queensferry and it is best known as a tourist hotspot but its history is steeped in its status as a fishing and trading port. The community is still very active and close knit and I welcome the support that this Fund will give to local projects in coastal areas like South Queensferry.
"The Fund to support economic development will be open from 2012 and innovative bids from charities, businesses, social enterprises and local organisations will be invited shortly. I hope that South Queensferry will be part of this exciting new opportunity."


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Katowice is a city in southwestern Poland and the center of the Silesian Metropolis, with a population of 299,910 .
Throughout the mid-18th century, Katowice had developed into a village upon the discovery of rich coal reserves in the area. In 1742 the infamous Silesian War transferred Upper Silesia, including Katowice, to Prussia. Subsequently, from the second half of the 18th century, many German or Prussian craftsmen, merchants and artists began to settle in the region, which had been inhabited mostly by Poles over the past hundreds of years. Simultaneously Silesia experienced the influx of the first Jewish settlers. In the first half of the 19th century, intensive industrialization transformed local mills and farms into industrial steelworks, mines, foundries and artisan workshops. This also contributed to the establishment of companies and eventual rapid growth of the city. At the same time, Katowice became linked to the railway system with the first train arriving at the main station in 1847.
The outbreak of World War I was favourable for Katowice due to the prospering steel industry. Following Germanys defeat and the Silesian Uprisings aimed at unfair pro-German plebiscites, Katowice and parts of Upper Silesia were annexed by the Second Polish Republic. Poland was then backed by the Geneva Convention and the ethnic Silesian minority. On 3 May 1921, the Polish army entered Katowice and the Polish administration took control. The city became the capital of the autonomous Silesian Voivodeship as well as the seat of the Silesian Parliament and Committee of Upper Silesia. After the plebiscite many former German citizens emigrated, however a vibrant German community remained until the end of World War II. In 1939, after the Wehrmacht seized the town, Katowice and the provinces were incorporated into the Third Reich. The town was eventually liberated by the Allies on 27 January 1945.
Katowice is a center of science, culture, industry, business, trade, and transportation in Upper Silesia and southern Poland, and the main city in the Upper Silesian Industrial Region. Katowice lies within an urban zone, with a population of 2,746,460 according to Eurostat, and also part of the wider Silesian metropolitan area, with a population of 5,294,000 according to the European Spatial Planning Observation Network.
Today, the city is considered as an emerging metropolis.
Katowice is the seat of the Polish National Radio Symphony and Orchestra. It also hosts the finals of Intel Extreme Masters, an eSports video game tournament.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Biografia
Marcello Acquaviva nacque nel 1531 a Napoli, regione della Terra di Lavoro (oggi città metropolitana di Napoli) ed arcidiocesi di Napoli, allora capitale del Regno di Napoli (oggi in Campania, Repubblica Italiana); era figlio di Baldassarre Acquaviva, marchese di Bellante, e di Girolama Gaetani dell'Aquila d'Aragona.

Il 25 febbraio 1587 papa Sisto V lo nominò, cinquantaseienne, arcivescovo metropolita di Otranto; succedette a Pedro Corderos, deceduto nel 1585. Rimangono sconosciute la data, il luogo ed il nome di chi gli impose le mani durante la sua consacrazione episcopale. Prese possesso dell'arcidiocesi durante una cerimonia successiva che si svolse presso la cattedrale di Santa Maria Annunziata ad Otranto ed in seguito ricevette il pallio, simbolo di comunione tra la Santa Sede ed il metropolita.

L'8 gennaio 1590 papa Sisto V lo nominò, cinquantanovenne, nunzio apostolico nella Repubblica di Venezia; succedette a Girolamo Matteucci, arcivescovo-vescovo di Sarno, contestualmente cessato nell'incarico. Terminò la missione diplomatica il 22 dicembre 1591, quando gli succedette Alessandro Musotti, vescovo di Imola.

Il 13 settembre 1592 papa Clemente VIII lo nominò, sessantunenne, nunzio apostolico nel Ducato di Savoia; succedette a Giulio Ottinelli, vescovo di Fano, contestualmente cessato nell'incarico. Tentò di far riconciliare Carlo Emanuele I di Savoia con Enrico IV di Francia. Terminò la missione diplomatica il 1º settembre 1595, quando gli succedette Giulio Cesare Riccardi, arcivescovo metropolita di Bari e Canosa.

Intanto il 14 aprile 1595 era stato nominato vice-legato di Bologna; succedette al trentaseienne Ottavio Bandini, che il 19 giugno fu poi nominato arcivescovo metropolita di Fermo. Assunse l'incarico al suo rientro in Italia, giungendo a Bologna nel maggio seguente, ma non trovandosi a proprio agio chiese ed ottenne di essere rimosso dall'incarico il 10 agosto dopo soli quattro mesi; il 22 agosto gli succedette Annibale Rucellai, vescovo di Carcassonne.

Nel 1606 papa Paolo V accettò la sua rinuncia dal governo pastorale dell'arcidiocesi di Brindisi, divenendone arcivescovo emerito all'età di settantacinque anni; il 20 novembre dello stesso anno gli succedette il trentasettenne Lucio de Morra. Aveva rinunciato alla sede arcidiocesana per mantenere la residenza a Roma dietro promessa di fare più utili servizi alla corona napoletana, il che era molto importante per la monarchia

Morì il 18 marzo 1617 a Sant'Omero, all'età di circa ottantasei anni e senza essere riuscito ad ottenere il cardinalato a cui aspirava.

Successione apostolica
La successione apostolica è:
 Cardinale Lorenzo Priuli (1591)

Note

Collegamenti esterni

Marcello
Vescovi e arcivescovi di Otranto

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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I0Coin (CURRENCY:I0C) traded flat against the U.S. dollar during the 24 hour period ending at 17:00 PM E.T. on March 19th. One I0Coin coin can now be purchased for approximately $0.0111 or 0.00000300 BTC on exchanges. I0Coin has a market cap of $232,539.00 and approximately $0.00 worth of I0Coin was traded on exchanges in the last day. During the last week, I0Coin has traded flat against the U.S. dollar.
Ixcoin (IXC) traded 16% lower against the dollar and now trades at $0.0051 or 0.00000125 BTC.
GlobalToken (GLT) traded 10.3% lower against the dollar and now trades at $0.0013 or 0.00000032 BTC.
Zayedcoin (ZYD) traded 56.9% higher against the dollar and now trades at $0.0021 or 0.00000053 BTC.
Californium (CF) traded up 0.7% against the dollar and now trades at $0.0045 or 0.00000111 BTC.
Acoin (ACOIN) traded 0.7% higher against the dollar and now trades at $0.0089 or 0.00000219 BTC.
Freicoin (FRC) traded flat against the dollar and now trades at $0.0002 or 0.00000005 BTC.
SHA-256 hashing algorithm. Its genesis date was August 15th, 2011. I0Coin's total supply is 20,995,783 coins. I0Coin's official website is izerocoin.org. The Reddit community for I0Coin is /r/I0coin_i_zero_coin and the currency's Github account can be viewed here.
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THE ST. NICHOLAS GREEK FESTIVAL IS BACK!
For 43 years, the St. Nicholas Greek Festival has proven to be over and over again a fun event for all ages. This years' Greek Festival promises to be another great event. The families of the St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church in Portsmouth, NH get together in April through early June preparing many of the menu items. So come join us for fresh lamb, moussaka, spanakopita (Spinach Pie), a gyro or a fresh piece of baklava. All of the food and pastries at the St. Nicholas Greek Festival taste just like your YiaYia's (Grandmother) recipes.
With all of this great homemade food, it's no wonder that the St. Nicholas Greek Festival is one of the must attend events every summer on the Seacoast. People travel from all over New England to enjoy the food and the live entertainment. Oh and they may buy some delicious pastries for the ride home!
7:00 PM – Music provided by Opa!
To volunteer, sponsor, or just have questions about the event, complete the form to the right.


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Megan Fox connected to her boyfriend by a chain
Vannesa F.
Photo Credits : Getty Images and dcp
Actress Megan Fox and her partner, Machine Singer, singer Gun Kelly appeared in Hollywood on Saturday night. It was the presentation of the rapper's new line of nail polishes UN / DN LAQR. They were connected by a silver chain.
The couple appeared on the red carpet in black outfits and were connected by a silver chain on their little fingernails. Photos with the chain were shared on social media.
A post shared by Megan Fox 🦋 (@hotlikemegan)
Brittney Boyce, who designed the rapper's line of nail polishes, wrote on Instagram that after the singer and actress' varnished nails dried, she used a piercing to pierce them and attached rings to her nails and put two silver chains on them. She connected a couple in love.
The event was also attended by stars such as Avril Lavigne, Charli, and Dixie D'Amelio, Chase Hudson, and Jessie Jo Stark.
The couple has been in a relationship since May 2020. They met while filming Midnight in the Switchgrass. Fox later said several times that she felt a strange connection to Kelly as soon as she saw him:
"I knew something big was going to grow out of this relationship. I immediately felt that we were deeply and especially connected."
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When July 23, 2021 at 7:00pm 4 hrs 59 mins
Where Kilby Court 741 W Kilby Ct, Salt Lake City, UT 84101, United States
Contact EIXO [email protected]
Kilby Court fans! We are excited to announce that we are returning to full capacity starting July 1, 2021. These shows will also have no mask requirements. That being said, we are temporarily restricting the age limit for all of our events to 16+ until people of all ages are able to be vaccinated. We expect this to be possible by Fall of 2021. Please email [email protected] for any questions or concerns.
https://www.nowplayingutah.com/event/eixo-2/
Please RSVP: EIXO


The emotions of grief comes as our realizations grapple with loss. Emotionally we are not prepared, we don't know how to process or adjust to the idea someone or something we've held importance to will no longer be accessible to us. The difference between what has happened and what we can accept creates an overwhelming void. Our interactions with the person have allowed them to become part of us and now we have to restructure our perceptions of the world.
Grief can also be felt when devastating world events unfold, when others are touched with overwhelming destruction or hardships. In these events we empathize and emotionally place ourselves side by side with strangers we don't know, imagining and experiencing their pain, even though the loss is not ours.
It usually indicates some aspect of the persons mind, body or spiritual commitments have disconnected from a vital perspective needed to rebuild ones sense of self. Those unable to get through the process of grief may need additional assistance to respectfully release those who were important to them. While matters of the heart can be delicate, they can still be altered. At Designed Thinking we have assisted many of our client's through the process of releasing attachment which need to be released. This can often be accomplished in a relatively short period of time. Call our toll free number 866-718-9995 to see how we can assist.
What is an appropriate time for grieving?
There are studies suggesting a range from 6 to 18 months. But everyone is different. Assuming the loss is of a loved one, there some considerations to keep in mind.
How quickly does the person let go of other types of discomforts (being treated unfairly, being made wrong, etc)? How attached do they get to beliefs and ideas?
How sensitive is the person to stress? How much did the person depend (emotionally, physically, mentally, spiritually) on the other person?
Also the process of grieving is subjective. How much pain is buried by denial or distractions? How deeply is the discomfort being felt? What really defines the end of grieving?
Each person must answer these questions on their own accord. If one continues to feel stuck or there is a long decline in attitude or well being, It might be wise to see a professional.
Most suppressed trauma is done so unconsciously, meaning part of the process is hidden from our mental understanding. Grief and trauma are primarily emotionally based, since they have you feeling bad. Because of this, the easiest way to make a change in yourself is to find someone to work with who will help your emotions find pathways to release these old wounds.
You don't mention what you have tried so far in getting past these pains. Hypnotherapy, EFT, NLP and traditional therapy are all viable options. You can call us, we specialize in helping releasing emotional discomforts and have incorporated all of these methods and others.
Mental ailment is any bug or contingency that influences the approach a personally thinks, feels, behaves, and/or relates to others and to his or her surroundings.
Disposition illness is any blight or environment that influences the way a person thinks, feels, behaves, and/or relates to others and to his or her surroundings.
Deranged ailment is any disease or condition that influences the nature a in the flesh thinks, feels, behaves, and/or relates to others and to his or her surroundings.Mental illness is any virus or environment that influences the modus vivendi = 'lifestyle' a person thinks, feels, behaves, and/or relates to others and to his or her surroundings.
Read your article about being emotionally abused. My brother has been abusing me and others for a long time. We are middle aged, my brother has deep anger and rage has in the past physically hurt me and even to the point that he has the potential if killing me. He has so much hatred and bitterness for me. I finally have decided to set boundaries and the first boundary that I have chosen us no more contact with him. I have blocked his calls. I have chosen to not speak to him any longer until he deals with his hatred and anger toward me.
We only have to courses of action in life for relationship issues, either change our perspective or take action. If your brother can't find a way to relate to people in a manner that is socially acceptable, placing distance between the two of you is a viable option. His issues are his issues and if he keeps trying to blame you or put you in an emotionally compromising frame of mind, you have to let him have his own space.
Well I've just got out of a relationship about 2 months ago. Ever since I've been hurt and telling myself I'm over him , but I think about him EVERYDAY. This may not really relate to this topic, but I've found some similarities in the article. But I wanna know some ways to help me. He's in my classes and he's always looking at me like 24/7. He claims us as "friends", but the only time he tries talking to me, he is just starting mess with me.
You have not decided yet to let him go. There will be no being friends with him right now. He still likes you but doesn't want more, but you would still be OK with the two of you being a couple. Tell to stop messing with you, which is a cruel thing to do when someone is emotionally attached to someone else. It is hard being in classes together, since you are constantly being reminded he is there. Until you completely 100% decide he is not ever going to be the guy for you, you are keeping the emotional door open and that means any sign of interest will spark hope you will be with him again.


On World Children's Day 2018, countries around the world are collaborating with young people to advance children's rights.
This World Children's Day, UNICEF appointed its newest and youngest Goodwill Ambassador, British actress Millie Bobby Brown. She is joined by stars and leaders in entertainment, government, sport and business who are rallying for children in support of their rights. In addition to these high profile advocates, countries around the world are appointing UNICEF Youth Ambassadors and collaborating with Youth Advocates.
UNICEF Ambassador Wang Yuan, also known as Roy, is a well-known singer and actor. He is a member of the Chinese pop band TFBOYS.
In January 2016, Wang Yuan released his first single, "Cause of You", which reached the Top 10 of the Asia Billboard chart for new songs. In the same year, he was awarded Most Popular New Talent in the Ninth City Super Chart. He has starred in many movies and television shows, and was awarded the Popular Star at the Weibo Movie Awards Ceremony.
In January 2017, Wang Yuan spoke at the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Youth Forum in New York as a representative of the United Nations Imagine 2030 Campaign. In his speech, he spoke about quality education as one of the Sustainable Development Goals. He was the first Chinese artist to attend the UN Youth Forum by invitation, as well as the first Chinese teen idol to take the international stage in the UN.
First as UNICEF Special Advocate for Education, and since 20 November 2018 as UNICEF Ambassador, Wang Yuan is devoted to promoting the rights of children in a range of issues, including quality education, empowerment of adolescents, as well as water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). With a huge social media following, Wang Yuan has been actively supporting UNICEF's digital campaigns, such as World Children's Day and Future +Me.
"Social and emotional learning teaches children key skills such as how to get along well with others, how to work as a team and how to be creative. I think this is as important as knowledge from a textbook and prepares children for a future in 21st century," he says.
Hima is an Indian sprint runner who currently holds the Indian national record in 400 metres with a time of 50.79 s that she clocked at the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta, Indonesia. She was the first Indian athlete to win a gold medal in a track event at the IAAF World U20 Championships.
Hima's father is a rice farmer in Dhing village in the state of Assam. Growing up, their village didn't have a track, so she trained in the field where her father worked and on muddy football grounds.
Her coach, Nipon Das, first spotted her talent during an inter-district meet in 2016. She only took up serious racing last year because of an utter lack of facilities and training equipment. Despite this, Hima became the first Indian to win gold in a track event at the global level, and the first Indian woman to medal in a global track event. Hima was recently awarded the Arjuna Award by India's Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports to recognize outstanding achievement in sports.
Fifteen-year-old Hinna is a ninth-grade student in Kabul, Afghanistan. She has worked as a part-time presenter for Shamshad TV for the past eight years, hosting her own programme called 'Hinna'. Each week she interviews a key political figure on issues affecting the wellbeing of children. Hinna is fluent in English, Hindi, Dari and Pashto.
Hinna is a supporter of the Afghanistan National Youth and Adolescent Network, which is a key mechanism for sharing information from the field level to national level and then up to the Global Youth Council and vice-versa. Earlier this year, she was nominated to represent Afghanistan at the Global Youth Network (GYN).
She was a co-presenter at UNICEF Afghanistan's World Children's Day Activate Talk last November. In her spare time, she loves listening to music and watching movies, both Bollywood and Hollywood.
See Hinna interviewing a member of the Afghan parliament here.
Sonam Wangchen is one of Bhutan's youngest and most popular singers. Born in February 2002, he is currently studying in 11th grade. He sings mostly in Dzongkha, Bhutan's national language.
His 2015 song, "choe thom da", was a super-hit, propelling him into the limelight. Since then, Sonam has written numerous hits, performed at national events and charitable concerts, and worked on original soundtracks for movies.
Sonam is beloved by Bhutan's younger population. He takes every opportunity to encourage children and teens to study, believe in themselves and follow their dreams. In his role as UNICEF Youth Ambassador, Sonam will use his singing, his popularity, and his large social media following to engage with young people and empower them to speak about the issues they face.
El Sistema Nacional de Orquestas y Coros Juveniles e Infantiles de Venezuela is a social and cultural programme. It was founded in 1975 by the Venezuelan musician José Antonio Abreu to use music as a tool for social organization and human development.
There are approximately 1 million children and young people who are part of El Sistema, making up 1,681 orchestras, 166 Alma Llanera (traditional music) groups, 1,389 choirs and 1,983 intro to music groups. 75% of the children and young people involved in El Sistema live under the poverty line and in remote areas.
El Sistema Nacional de Orquestas y Coros Juveniles e Infantiles de Venezuela has been a UNICEF National Goodwill Ambassador since 2004. The group has participated in numerous activities to promote children's rights through the music, including events with José Antonio Abreu, concerts to celebrate the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and UNICEF anniversary celebrations.
UNICEF Jordan Child Rights Champion, 10-year old Emanne Beasha, was the winner of the 2017 season of the pan-regional Arabs Got Talent.
Emanne showed a passion for singing from a young age and started singing – from opera songs to Frank Sinatra – when she was just 6 years old. At the age of 7, she was chosen from 23 contenders to sing the American National Anthem in a stadium of 7,000 spectators at a Major League Baseball game in Florida.
She learned to sing from her mother and by watching YouTube videos. She is currently seeking professional vocal coaching and musical training. In addition to singing, Emanne enjoys playing tennis and spending time with animals.
Emanne is personally interested in creating safe environments for children, and actively participates in UNICEF's End Violence Against Children campaigns in Jordan.
UNICEF Jordan Child Rights Champion, 14-year-old Joud Mbaideen, is the youngest Arab novelist. She has already published two books in Arabic; "Al Tahaddi Yaliqo Bik: Challenge Suits You" and "Jarh El Yasmeen: Jasmine Wound". In 2017, she received the King Abdullah II Medal of Merit in recognition of her achievements.
Inspired by her father, Joud launched an initiative to encourage reading, under the motto: "A book at the threshold of every door".
She advocates for children's right to education both through public speaking and through her social media channels. Joud has four younger siblings: two brothers and two sisters. Her parents are civil servants.
Kherann is an avid U-Reporter, student and founder of Association Environnementale/Green-Ivory, a group that works to protect, preserve and enhance the environment in Côte d'Ivoire.
In March 2017, Kherann set up a Facebook group called ''Les environnementalistes de Côte d'Ivoire'' to raise awareness about issues and actions affecting the environment. His initiative quickly drew interest from more and more young people, who now take part in the cleaning activities he organizes. Kherann then decided to better structure his initiative by founding Green Ivory.
Kherann works closely with children and regularly organizes awareness-raising workshops in primary schools. He founded the Green Schools project to train the eco-citizens of tomorrow. The long-term goal of the project is to use environmental clubs in public primary schools to lead a national ecological transition. The pilot phase is currently being deployed in three primary schools in Abidjan.
Detty Dione Datto is a professional make-up artist and vlogger.
Disabled since birth, Detty advocates and fights every day for disabled children to have rights and a future. Detty launched a digital campaign "zero complex" to raise awareness in her community about the challenges faced by people with disabilities. "I want to help disabled and vulnerable children because I was once there too," she says.
Detty has initiated several social actions and fundraising campaigns for non-governmental organizations dedicated to helping children with disabilities.
Tchonté Silué is passionate about reading, writing, education and travel. She is the founder of Centre Eulis, an educational space that introduces young Ivorians to the world through books, outings and educational workshops.
Tchonté has a bachelor's degree in Business Administration from Georgia State University in Atlanta, and a master's degree in Social Entrepreneurship, from Hult International Business School in San Francisco. During her Master's program, she discovered a passion for education, and just after graduating in 2016, she returned to teach at her former university in Grand-Bassam.
In April 2017, Tchonté opened the Eulis Centre to share her passion for reading and create a space where young people can continue to learn new things. In September 2017, she won the prize for the best Ivorian blogger at the E-voirblog awards with her blog "Les chroniques de Tchonté". Centre Eulis was recognized at the Adicom Awards in March 2018. Since September 2018, Tchonté has been working as a kindergarten teacher at the International Bilingual Schools of Africa (IBS).
Biljana Stojković, also known as ICML ("I Create My Life") on social media, is a 14-year-old vlogger and influencer in the Balkan region. She is known for her motivational speeches about improving self-esteem and taking a positive outlook on life, an attitude she embraced after having her left leg amputated during cancer treatment.
Through her videos on YouTube, Instagram and in the media, Biljana stresses that each of us is the creator of our own life and that there are only two things we can control: our attitude and our efforts. Through her vlog and social media channels, she calls on the people to create a positive change.
"We all have the right to make choices and we all should change what we consider to be bad without endangering others with our actions. I want to tell children that we should expect help from people, but that we ourselves should also offer help to others. Even though everybody is different, we must share at least one similar principle: Make progress and give others the same opportunity."
Cedi Osman is a Turkish professional basketball player for the Cleveland Cavaliers in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Cedi started playing basketball at an early age and was discovered by the Anadolu Efes scouts when he was 13. He has played on teams that won the Turkish Cup, the Turkish Super Cup and the Turkish Presidential Cup. He also represented the Turkish National Team, playing on two gold medal-winning Turkish teams that won the FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship in 2013 and the FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship in 2014. Cedi was the MVP of the 2014 tournament.
Also known as "The First Cedi", inspired by the fame of Star Wars and his outstanding performance, he has earned a devoted following among his superstar teammates, fans and NBA experts.
As a young children's rights advocate, Cedi believes that every child should have the right to education. He is determined to work with children with a focus on education, as he believes education is hope, education is a better future.
Deasy Helena Muzima is a 22-year-old Mozambican youth leader. She is the President of AIESEC Mozambique, the world's largest non-profit run for youths by youths. She is chair of the Global AIESEC Assembly and Expansion Committee where she is responsible for finances, strategic orientation, partnership management, project management, implementation and evaluation. She also oversees training and coaching for young people.
Deasy is an articulate and outspoken advocate for youth rights, and has been invited to speak on young entrepreneurship and young leadership in several national conferences. On World Children's Day, Deasy was appointed as a Youth Advocate for Gender Equality.


The Hitachi ZW140PL-5 wheel loader, delivers high levels of performance and productivity on the work site, while using significantly less fuel than previous models. Several features on the ZW140PL-5 result in greater fuel efficiency, which brings the benefits of lower running costs and a reduced impact on the environment. It not only satisfies US EPA Tier 4 Interim/EU Stage IIIB emission regulations, but will also have a positive impact on the profitability of your business.


text:
bobby kennedy wedding
Where did Bobby Kennedy get married?
1 Where did Bobby Kennedy get married?
2 Who is Amaryllis Fox married to?
3 Who walked Jackie down the aisle?
4 Where is Jackie Kennedy's wedding ring?
5 Do the Kennedys still own Hickory Hill?
6 Why was Bobby Kennedy buried at night?
Robert Kennedy and Ethel Skakel became engaged in February 1950 and were married on June 17, 1950, at St. Mary's Catholic Church in Greenwich, Connecticut. During the 1950s, Robert F. Kennedy worked for the federal government in investigatory roles for the United States Senate as a counsel.
Who is Amaryllis Fox married to?
Amaryllis Fox
Who walked Jackie down the aisle?
All 11 dresses were quickly recreated, with Lowe and her team working nonstop the week before the wedding. The bride was escorted down the aisle by her stepfather, Hugh D. Auchincloss. Her sister, Lee, served as matron of honor, while her stepsister Nina Auchincloss was maid of honor and flower girl.
Where is Jackie Kennedy's wedding ring?
Today, the jewel is among the former First Lady's possessions kept at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum in Boston. Occasionally, the piece is put on display.
Do the Kennedys still own Hickory Hill?
Hickory Hill was placed on the market in 2004 by the Kennedy family at an asking price of $25 million and then subsequently withdrawn in November 2008. After it was sold in December 2009 to a Virginia businessman for $8.25 million, the house underwent a major renovation, completed in the fall of 2013.
Why was Bobby Kennedy buried at night?
Answer and Explanation: The train that Kennedy's body was on was delayed by the crowds of mourners, who lined the train track all the way from New York to Washington, D.C. The burial service was scheduled to begin at 5:30 PM but was delayed until 10:30 PM on June 8, 1968.
Is Caroline Kennedy still married to Schlossberg?
Who is who in the Kennedy clan?
How many kids does Kennedy have?
Why is Connor Kennedy famous?
What was Sarah Kennedy famous for?
What happened to George Kennedy?
How long was Kennedy a senator?
Who played the best Jackie Kennedy?
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text:
\section{Introduction}

Connected and mobile devices such as mobile phones, satellites, cars, or robots form highly dynamic networks in which connectivity between nodes evolves rapidly and continuously. Furthermore, the topology of such a network at a given time is generally not connected, and even extremely sparse in the case of exploration or surveillance scenarios~\cite{BMF+00,FMS13}, or when passive mobility is considered with humans or animals~\cite{JSS05,SRJB03}. However, even in these extreme cases, a form of connectivity arises over time and space, by means of delay tolerant communications, where messages are retained until an opportunity of transmission appears (mechanisms of type "{\em store-carry-forward"}). This type of connectivity is referred to as {\em temporal connectivity}.

In this paper, the problem that we study is to automatically test whether a given dynamic graph is temporally connected or not. In other words, we want to decide if there is a temporal path ({\em journey}) between every pair of nodes in the network. A key concept is that of {\em transitive closure} of journeys, introduced in~\cite{BF03}. This is a static directed graph (even if the dynamic graph is not itself directed) whose edges represent the potential journeys. From this structure, the membership of a given dynamic graph to several classes of graphs can be decided~\cite{CCF09}, and in particular to the class of temporally connected graphs (complete transitive closure). We address the computation of transitive closure in the case of strict journeys (\ensuremath{\G^*_{st}}\xspace) or non-strict journeys (\ensuremath{\G^*}\xspace) given a dynamic graph $\mathcal{G}=\{G_1,G_2,...,G_{k}\}$.

In the case of strict journeys, several algorithms can be adapted to compute \ensuremath{\G^*_{st}}\xspace. Several algorithms are given in~\cite{BFJ03}, each computing optimal journeys according to a given criterion (foremost, shortest, fastest). Any of these algorithms can be adapted to compute \ensuremath{\G^*_{st}}\xspace\ by using the appropriate parameters. Precisely, these algorithms compute the journeys taking into account the duration of edges crossing (latency) and the duration of each graph $G_i$ (timed evolving graphs~\cite{Fer02}). If we assign to each $G_i$ a unit duration that also corresponds to the duration of edges crossing, then, for a given source node, the result is the set of strict journeys. This algorithm has to be executed $n$ times, once from each vertex, in order to compute the transitive closure of the journeys. The most efficient of the three algorithms (foremost journeys) has an execution time of $O(m\log k + n\log n)$, hence a total time of $O(n(m\log k + n\log n))$.

\label{sec:paris}

An algorithm computing a generalization of the transitive closure of journeys was proposed in~\cite{WDCG12}. This generalization, called {\em dynamic reachability graph}, corresponds to a transitive closure of journeys parametrized by a starting date, a maximal duration of the journeys, and a traversal time for edges. It applies to dynamic graphs represented as TVGs~\cite{CFQS12} ({\em time-varying graph}), namely a quintuplet $\ensuremath{{\G=(V,E,\mathcal{T},\rho,\zeta)}}\xspace$ where $\mathcal{T}$ is the temporal domain ($\mathbb{R}^+$ in the case of~\cite{WDCG12}) and $\rho$ and $\zeta$ are functions that determine the presence and the latency of a given edge at a given instant, respectively. This algorithm  can be used to compute $\mathcal{G}^*_{st}$ as follows: First create a TVG whose edges presence dates (function $\rho$) are all multiples of some unit value that also corresponds to the latency given by function $\zeta$ (here, a constant).
Finally, the constraint on journeys duration is set to $+\infty$; the departure date is set to $0$; then $\mathcal{G}^*_{st}$ is obtained by executing the algorithm from~\cite{WDCG12} on the created TVG. Informally, the strategy of that algorithm is to compose reachability graphs incrementally over increasing periods of time, namely each graph covering $2^{i}$ time steps is obtained by composition of two graphs covering $2^{i-1}$ time steps (for $i$ from $1$ to $\log k$). The complexity of this algorithm is $O(k \log k\ mn\log n)$. The authors do not exclude the possibility to get rid of the trailing $\log n$ factor, potentially linked to an implementation choice (see Section~4.3 of~\cite{WDCG12}). Either way, the complexity of that solution dominates that of our solution.

We propose a decicated approach for computing the transitive closure (strict at first) of an untimed directed evolving graph $\mathcal{G}=\{(V,E_i)\}$ which has a better time complexity than the adaptation of~\cite{WDCG12} in all cases, and than the adaptation of~\cite{BFJ03} for a range of dynamic graphs, in particular those whose density is low at any time, though arbitrarily dense over time. The algorithm consists of a temporal adaptation of the Bellman-Ford principle used in static graphs to compute distances between nodes. This principle was also adapted in~\cite{KKW08} to compute time lags between entities based on a contact history (e.g. a sequence of dated emails). Our adaptation is quite straight and its time complexity is $O(k \mu n)$ with the considered data structure (a mere sequence of sets of edges), where $k=|\mathcal{G}|$ is the length of the sequence (also called number of steps) and $\mu=max(|E_i|)$ is the maximal number of edges that exist at any given step. This last parameter is to be contrasted with $m=|\cup E_i|$, the total number of edges that exist over time. As discussed above, the distinction is relevant in a number of scenarios based on mobile communicating entities. Furthermore, this type of graphs typically corresponds to those in which the question of the temporal connectivity occurs, since it is not \emph{a priori} granted.
In the case of non-strict journeys, for which we do not know any existing algorithm, we show that the same solution can be directly adapted with the same time complexity: $O(k\mu n)$. This variant is based on a double transitive closure: a {\em static} transitive closure applied to each $G_i$ independently, and a temporal one (as in the case of strict journeys) applied to the sequence of those static closures.

Both algorithms gradually build the transitive closure as the edges are examined; these are {\em online} algorithms. They stop their execution as soon as the temporal connectivity is satisfied (or after the whole dynamic graph has been examined). A by-product of the execution is to make $\mathcal{G}^*_{st}$ and $\mathcal{G}^*$ available for further connectivity queries (in a temporal version), these queries being then reduced to simple adjacency tests in a static graph.

The rest of this paper is organized as follows. The key concepts and main notations are introduced in Section~\ref{sec:model}. Section~\ref{sec:strict} presents our solution to compute the transitive closure of strict journeys, which is then adapted to the case of non-strict journeys in Section~\ref{sec:non-strict}. Time complexity is analyzed throughout the paper. We provide in Section~\ref{sec:comparaison} a more detailed comparison that indicates the values of $k,\mu$ and  $m$ for which our solution performs better than the adaptation from~\cite{BFJ03}.

\section{Model and notations}
\label{sec:model}

Let $\mathcal{G}$ be an untimed directed evolving graph $\{G_i=(V,E_i)\}$. There is a {\em non-strict} journey from $u$ to $v$ in $\mathcal{G}$ if and only if there exists a sequence of edges $e_1, e_2, ..., e_p$ connecting $u$ to $v$ such that for all $j\in 1..p$$-$$1$, $e_{j}\in E_i \implies \exists i'\ge i, e_{j+1}\in E_{i'}$. If the inequality $i'>i$ is strict, the journey is called {\em strict journey}, i.e. at most one edge can be crossed in a single step $i$ (as opposed to an unlimited number for non-strict journeys). The existence of a non-strict (resp. strict) journey from $u$ to $v$, when the context is implicit, is noted $u\leadsto v$ (resp. $u\overset{st}{\leadsto} v$). The distinction between a strict journey and a non-strict journey was introduced in~\cite{CCF09} to report on necessary or sufficient conditions on the dynamics of the graph, regarding distributed algorithms based on pairwise interactions. It should not be mistaken with the notion of direct or indirect journey~\cite{CFGSY13}, which corresponds to the very fact of allowing pauses in between consecutive hops.

The non-strict transitive closure of the dynamic graph $\mathcal{G}$ is the {\em static} directed graph $\ensuremath{\G^*}\xspace=(V,E^*)$ such that $(u,v)\in E^* \Leftrightarrow u\leadsto v$. We define, in the same way, the strict transitive closure of $\mathcal{G}$ by the static directed graph $\ensuremath{\G^*_{st}}\xspace=(V,E_{st}^*)$ where $(u,v)\in E_{st}^* \Leftrightarrow u\overset{st}{\leadsto} v$.
It should be noted that the transitive closure graph of $\mathcal{G}$ is directed whatever the nature (directed or not) of the edges in $\mathcal{G}$. This is due to the temporal dimension that, by nature, implies an orientation.

Given a dynamic graph $\mathcal{G}$, we note $k=|\mathcal{G}|$ the number of time steps in $\mathcal{G}$, i.e. the number of static graphs contained in $\mathcal{G}$. We distinguish two parameters to report on the number of edges in the graph: the maximal number of edges that exist at each single step, i.e. $\mu=max(|E_i|)$, and the total number of edges that exist over time, i.e. $m=|\cup E_i|$. Of course, whatever the considered graph, we have $m\ge \mu$.
Moreover, as already discussed, it is not rare that a practical scenario verifies $\mu=o(n)$, or even $\mu=\Theta(1)$, while $m=\Theta(n\log n)$ or $m=\Theta(n^2)$.

\section{Computation of the transitive closure for strict journeys}
\label{sec:strict}

We propose below an algorithm for computing the strict transitive closure $\ensuremath{\G^*_{st}}\xspace$ in the general case that $\mathcal{G}$ is directed. The principle of the algorithm is to build, step by step, the list of all the predecessors of each vertex $v$, i.e., the set $\{u : u\overset{st}{\leadsto} v\}$. Each step of the algorithm works on a static graph of $\mathcal{G}$. Let $\mathcal{P}(v,t)$ be the set of known predecessors of $v$ by the end of the  $t$ first steps of the algorithm (i.e. after taking into account edge sets: $E_1, ..., E_t$). The core of step $i$ is to add $\mathcal{P}(u,i-1)$ to $\mathcal{P}(v,i)$ for each edge $(u,v)\in E_i$. In practice, only two variables $\mathcal{P}(v)$ and $\mathcal{P}^{+}(v)$ are maintained on each node $v$. $\mathcal{P}^{+}(v)$ contains the new predecessors of $v$ (computed during the current step). At the end of the current step $\mathcal{P}^{+}(v)$ is merged to $\mathcal{P}(v)$, the set of all predecessors of $v$.
The detailed operations are given in Algorithm~\ref{algo:FT-strict}.

\begin{algorithm}[h]
  \SetKwData{Old}{predecessors}\SetKwData{Working}{$\mathcal{P}$}\SetKwData{Successors}{successors}
  \SetKwFunction{Add}{Add}\SetKwFunction{Copy}{copy}\SetKwFunction{AddAll}{AddAll}
  \SetKwInOut{Input}{Input}\SetKwInOut{Output}{Output}
  \Input{A dynamic graph $\mathcal{G}$ given as $(V,\{E_i\})$}
  \Output{A set of edges $E^*$ such that $\ensuremath{\G^*_{st}}\xspace=(V,E^*)$}
  \BlankLine
  \tcp{Initialization}
  \ForEach{$v$ in $V$}{
    $\mathcal{P}(v) \gets \{v\}$\tcp*{Each node is its own predecessor}
    $\mathcal{P}^{+}(v) \gets \emptyset$\;
  }

  \ForEach{$E_i$ in $\{E_i\}$}{
    $UpdateV \gets \emptyset$ \tcp*{List of nodes whose predecessors will be updated}
    \tcp{List predecessors induced by the edges in $E_i$}
    \ForEach{$(u,v)$ in  $E_{i}$}{
      $\mathcal{P}^{+}(v) \gets \mathcal{P}^{+}(v) \cup \mathcal{P}(u)$\;
      $UpdateV \gets UpdateV \cup \{v\}$
    }

    \tcp{Add found predecessors to known predecessors}
    \ForEach{$v$ in $UpdateV$}{
      $\mathcal{P}(v) \gets \mathcal{P}(v) \cup \mathcal{P}^{+}(v)$\;
      $\mathcal{P}^{+}(v) \gets \emptyset$\;
    }

    \tcp{Test whether transitive closure is complete; if so, terminates}
    $isComplete \gets true$\;
    \ForEach{$v$ in $V$}{
      \If{$|\mathcal{P}(v)| < |V|$}{
        $isComplete \gets false$\;
        $break$\;
      }
    }
    \If{$isComplete$}{ \tcp{The algorithm terminates returning a complete graph (edges)}
    \KwRet{$V\times V\setminus \{loops\}$}
   }
  }

  \tcp{Build transitive closure based on predecessors}
  $E^* \gets \emptyset$

  \ForEach{$v$ in $V$}{
    \ForEach{$u$ in $\mathcal{P}(v)\setminus \{v\}$}{
      $E^* \gets E^* \cup (u,v)$
    }
  }
  \KwRet{$E^*$}

  \caption{\label{algo:FT-strict}Computation of the strict transitive closure $\ensuremath{\G^*_{st}}\xspace$}
\end{algorithm}

\subsection{Time complexity}

This section provides an analysis of the time complexity of the algorithm. In this analysis, we consider the use of {\em set} data structures, for which the union has at worst a linear cost in the number of items of the two considered sets. We also assume that the size of a set can be known in constant time, which is the case with most of the existing libraries that implements this kind of data structure (this value being maintained as the set is modified).

\begin{lemma}
  \label{lem:nbpred}
  For all $v \in V$, $|\mathcal{P}(v)|\le k\mu$, i.e., a node cannot have more than $k\mu$ predecessors.
\end{lemma}

\begin{proof}[by contradiction]
  If there is a node $v$ such that $|\mathcal{P}(v)\setminus v|> k\mu$, then, by definition, there exists more than $k\mu$ vertices $u$ different from $v$ such that $u\leadsto v$. Each of these vertices is thus the origin of at least one edge, which means that more than $k\mu$ distinct edges existed.\qed
\end{proof}

\begin{theorem}
  Algorithm 1 that calculates the strict transitive closure of a graph $\mathcal{G}$ has a time complexity in $O(k \mu n)$.
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
The initialization loop is linear in $n$. The main loop iterates as many times as the number of steps in $\mathcal{G}$, i.e. $k$ times. The main loop has three sub-loops, each being dominated by $O(|E_i|\cdot n)=O(\mu n)$. Finally, the construction of the transitive closure, if it is not complete before the end, consists of a loop that, for each node, iterates over its predecessors. Since the number of predecessor of a given node cannot exceed $k\mu$ (Lemma~\ref{lem:nbpred}), this latter loop is also dominated by $O(k\mu n)$.\qed
\end{proof}

\section{Computation of the transitive closure for non-strict journeys}
\label{sec:non-strict}

In this section, we focus on the calculation of $\ensuremath{\G^*}\xspace$, i.e. the transitive closure of the journeys for which an unlimited number of edges can be crossed at each step (non-strict journey).
A simple observation allows us to reuse Algorithm~\ref{algo:FT-strict} almost directly. Indeed, the relaxation of the constraint that the journeys are strict implies that at each step $i$, if a path (in the classic acceptance of the word) exists from $u$ to $v$, then $u$ can join $v$ at the same step. The algorithm therefore consists in pre-computing, at each step, the transitive closure (in the classic static meaning of this term) of the edges present in $G_i$, resulting in a graph $G_i^*$, each edge of which corresponds to a path in $G_i$. Then Algorithm~\ref{algo:FT-strict}, applied to the dynamic graph $\{G_i^*\}$, produces directly the non-strict transitive closure $\ensuremath{\G^*}\xspace$.

\subsection{Time Complexity}

The time complexity of this algorithm essentially depends on the cost of the calculation of the static transitive closure $G_i^*$ of the graphs $G_i$. This can be done by a depth first search (DFS) or by a breadth first search (BFS) run from each vertex in $G_i$. Each of these runs having an execution cost in $O(|E_i|)=O(\mu)$ and thus, the extra cost of this operation remains within $O(k \mu n)$ time.

\FloatBarrier
\section{Comparison}
\label{sec:comparaison}

This section compares the complexity of the proposed algorithm with the adaptation of that from~\cite{BFJ03} (based on foremost journeys), which has a running time of $O(n(m\log k + n\log n))$, where $m \ne \mu$ is the total number of edges existing over time, i.e. $|\cup E_i|$.

The question is therefore to compare this complexity to $O(k\mu n)$, or after simplification by $n$, to compare $O(k\mu)$ to $O(m\log k + n\log n)$. These complexities belong to a four-dimensional space : $\mu, m, k$ and $n$; it is therefore not easy to compare them. We propose to study them asymptotically in $n$, by varying the values of $\mu, m$ and $k$.
Precisely, we vary the order of $\mu$ and $m$ (instant density\  {\it vs.} cumulated density) for several ratios of possibles values of $k$ and $n$ (i.e. the length of the sequence $\mathcal{G}$ in function of $n$). Table~\ref{fig:tableau} contains 60 results, including a dozen that show the transition in efficiency between both solutions (the others can be extrapolated without calculation by considering the relative impact of factors $k$ and $\log k$ in both formulas). To make the verification of these results simpler, we provide in the right column an intermediate expression, obtained after replacing $\mu$ and $m$ in both expressions $O(k\mu)$ and $O(m\log k + n\log n)$.

\begin{table}[h]
  \centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|c||c|c|c|c||c|}
  \hline
  \multirow{2}{*}{$\mu=\Theta(.)$}&\multirow{2}{*}{$m=\Theta(.)$}&\multirow{2}{*}{$k=\Theta(\log n)$}&\multirow{2}{*}{$k=\Theta(\sqrt n)$}&\multirow{2}{*}{$k=\Theta(n)$}&\multirow{2}{*}{$k=\Theta(n^2)$}&Intermediate calculation\\
  & & & & & &$\Theta(.) \pm \Theta(.)$\\\hline
$\log n$&$n$&~&n/a&$\approx$&$+$&$k\log n \pm n\log k+n\log n$\\
$\sqrt n$&$n$&n/a&$-$&$+$&~&$k\sqrt n \pm n\log k+n\log n$\\
$n$&$n$&$\approx$&$+$&~&~&$kn \pm n\log k+n\log n$\\
\hline
$\log n$&$n\log n$&~&n/a&$-$&$+$&$k\log n \pm (n\log n)\log k$\\
$\sqrt n$&$n\log n$&~&n/a&$+$&~&$k\sqrt n \pm (n\log n)\log k$\\
$n$&$n\log n$&$-$&$+$&$+$&~&$kn \pm (n\log n)\log k$\\
$n\log n$&$n\log n$&$+$&~&~&~&$k \pm \log k$\\
\hline
$\log n$&$n^2$&~&~&n/a&$\approx$&$k\log n \pm n^2\log k$\\
$\sqrt n$&$n^2$&~&~&n/a&$+$&$k\sqrt n \pm n^2\log k$\\
$n$&$n^2$&~&n/a&$-$&$+$&$kn \pm n^2\log k$\\
$n\log n$&$n^2$&~&n/a&$\approx$&$+$&$k(n\log n) \pm n^2\log k$\\
$n\sqrt n$&$n^2$&n/a&$-$&$+$&~&$k(n\sqrt n) \pm n^2\log k$\\
$n^2$&$n^2$&$+$&~&~&~&$kn^2 \pm n^2\log k$\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{\label{fig:tableau}Running time comparison between the proposed algorithm and the adaptation of the algorithm from~\cite{BFJ03}. {\it The symbols $-$ (resp $+$, $\approx$) indicate the ranges of values for which our solution has a lower asymptotic complexity (resp. higher, of the same order). Empty cells at the right of a + (resp. left of a n/a) are filled with + (resp. n/a).}}
\end{table}

In summary, the table confirms that the proposed solution becomes more relevant as the difference between instant density and cumulated density increases, which is not surprising. It is also not surprising, given the presence of the factor $k$ versus $\log k$, that our solution is less efficient when the number of time steps increases. The table reveals some ranges of realistic values where the proposed solution behaves better than the other, for instance when the values of $\mu, m$, and $k$ are respectively $(O(n),\Theta(n^2),O(n))$; or $(O(\log n),\Omega(n\log n),O(n))$; or $(O(\sqrt n)), \Omega(n), O(\sqrt n))$.

Finally, the fact that the algorithm terminates as soon as temporal connectivity is satisfied allows us to put in perspective the impact of parameter $k$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
The Cephalopod Coffeehouse: June 2014 Blog List
Greetings to all! I hope you'll join us for the next installment of the Cephalopod Coffeehouse, an online gathering of bloggers who love books. The next meeting is set for Friday, June 27th. If you're interested, please sign on to the link list at the end of this post.
The Cephalopod Coffeehouse: May 2014
Title: The Sports Gene: Inside the Science of Extraordinary Athletic Performance
Author: David Epstein
via Barnes & Noble
Have you ever wondered how Jamaica, a nation of under 3 million people, has come to dominate world sprint competition? Or how particular tribes in both Kenya and Ethiopia have done the same in distance running? Or whether or not you should pick a sport for your child based on DNA analysis? If so, The Sports Gene is the book for you. As advertised, Epstein's book is an exploration of various studies on the biological and environmental factors which contribute to athletic performance. Genome mapping has allowed deeper examination but mysteries still abound.
In my exploration of sports books, I'm always on the lookout for those that would be enjoyable for non-fans. I think it's a reasonable measure for books in any genre but more importantly for me personally, such a book is one I can safely recommend to my wife. My dear bride is a voracious reader with a life list to put all of us to shame. However, to say she is not a sports fan is comparable to saying a duck is not a water balloon. But I still make modest efforts to convert her from time to time. Giving her the right book to read is as strong a tactic as any. The Sports Gene is a good candidate.
For starters, the book is very well-written. David Epstein follows in the grand tradition of gifted Sports Illustrated staff writers. Also, I think the anecdotal style and the attention to broader topics beyond sports are selling points for the general-interest reader.
Make no mistake, there's plenty to love for sports fans, too. The book opens with a story about Hall of Fame-caliber baseball players being completely flummoxed by Jennie Finch, the world's best softball pitcher. Turns out, despite all their physical gifts (average eyesight for Major League hitters is 20/11 in the right eye, 20/12 in the left), batters rely heavily on a highly refined mental database for recognizing pitches even before the ball leaves the hurler's hand. The same goes for tennis players reading an opponent's serve and chess grandmasters processing positions on the board. Take away that database, as in the case of facing an ace softball pitcher, and all of the expert hitter's advantages fly out the window. The book is filled with peak-behind-the-curtain revelations such as this.
I spoil nothing by sharing the book's conclusion as Epstein lays it out plainly in the book's introduction. Athletic success is dependent upon the combination of both nature and nurture. All the talent in the world will only take you so far if you don't put in the work. Similarly, a stellar work ethic, while admirable, is rarely enough to reach the top of the medal podium without the help of a genetic advantage or two.
Please join us and share your own review of your best read from the past month. This month's link list is below. I'll keep it open until the end of the day. I'll post June's tomorrow. Meetings are the last Friday of each month. Next gathering is June 27th.
Labels: Book Club, good reading, sports books, tennis
On the Coffee Table: Guy Delisle
Title: Shenzhen: A Travelogue from China
Writer and Artist: Guy Delisle
via Drawn & Quarterly
Not all international travel is glamorous. That's not to say it's not interesting anyway. One can learn plenty from the painfully mundane.
Guy Delisle is a Quebecois graphic novelist best known for his travel narratives. I have featured his work for the Cephalopod Coffeehouse twice before: here and here. In late 1997, he was sent to Shenzhen, China to serve as liaison between a Belgian animation company and their layout artists in China. His tales lack the exoticism of Burma Chronicles. The city, essentially a mainland satellite of Hong Kong, seems to offer very little charm. Few he meet are English/Chinese bilingual. No one speaks his native French. His experience consists of work and his valiant attempts at building a routine life. Sounds pretty dull, right?
And yet, there's much to glean from Delisle's adventure. The Chinese he meets and works with lead the same sort of humdrum lives and unlike him, they're stuck. They are curious about the outside world but have little access to it. His tales of struggling to communicate and derive what joy he can from life are highly amusing. We share in his relief when his three-month stint is over. I don't think this is the book that would have drawn me into his work but I'm glad to have read it.
Labels: comics, good reading, graphic novels
Star Trek: The Deadly Years
Episode: "The Deadly Years"
Series: Star Trek: The Original Series
Original Air Date: December 8, 1967
A stop at Gamma Hydra IV proves disastrous for the Enterprise crew. Intending to resupply a research station on the planet, our heroes find all of the scientists to be rapidly aging and dying. Upon returning to the ship, most of the landing party begin aging faster as well, apparently due to radiation exposure while on the planet. The balance of the episode is devoted to reversing the effects and also questioning whether Kirk, Bones and Spock are still fit for duty when compromised mentally by the aging process.
Just for fun, let's compare the artificial aging in the episode to William Shatner's own natural course since.
Overall, I'd say the years have been kinder to ol' Bill than the makeup staff was.
via Memory Alpha
Judging Kirk unfit for duty, Commodore Stocker - hitching a ride with the Enterprise to his new post - assumes command of the ship. Stocker is played by Charles Drake, born Charles Ruppert on October 2, 1917 in New York City. After graduating from Nicholls College he became a salesman. But Hollywood beckoned and Drake signed a contract in 1939 with Warner Brothers.
via Aveleyman
Among 144 screen credits, Drake played Dr. Sanderson, the young psychiatrist in one of our family's favorite movies: 1950's Harvey. Drake died September 10, 1994 at the age of 76. His ashes were scattered in the Atlantic Ocean.
Labels: comics, family adventures, film, good reading, sources, star trek, TV
On the Coffee Table: Twin Spica
Title: Twin Spica, Volume 1
Writer and Artist: Kou Yaginuma
Asumi is a high school student with dreams of space exploration. She is accepted to space school in Tokyo - a Hogwarts for astronauts? - but first must convince her father to let her go. So begins the scifi/supernatural adventure Twin Spica, a Japanese manga first published in 2002, now available in translation. The story is set in a not-too-distant future in which Japan has already attempted to launch its own manned rocket - an attempt that ended disastrously.
For her first test upon arriving at the school, Asumi is locked into a barren dorm room with two other girls for several days, tasked with building an enormous domino run. If they give up, they're out of the program. It is also apparent that they are being observed via video camera, presumably to assess their interactions. Of course, one of the girls is easy to get along with, the other not so much.
With the female protagonist and the fantasy elements, this is an obvious choice to pass on to my ten-year-old daughter at some point but I think I'll wait a little while. The language is occasionally on the mature side. It's classified by the publishers as seinen, meaning it's aimed at younger men, approximately 17-40. I think Our Girl will be okay with it long before she's 17, though.
Volume 1 includes the first four issues of the manga series plus two prequel stories. In Japan, the story has spawned two television series: one animated, one live-action. There are 12 English-language volumes in all. With strong characters and compelling storytelling, this one's looking like a long-term winner for me.
Labels: children's literature, comics, good reading, trades, Twin Spica
On the Coffee Table: Barefoot Gen
Title: Barefoot Gen, Volume 1: A Cartoon Story of Hiroshima
Writer and Artist: Keiji Nakazawa
via Atomic Books
If ever there were a single day that changed the world, it was most certainly August 6, 1945. On that horrific Monday morning, an atomic bomb exploded over Hiroshima, Japan, killing thousands, leveling the city and raising the stakes of warfare forever. Nakazawa's Barefoot Gen series, first published in Japanese in the early '70s, is the semi-autobiographical account of the author's childhood experiences before, during and after the bombing. It is a powerful work of high stature among the world's serious subject comic books.
Volume 1 begins in April 1945 and ends on the day of the bomb. The hardships of the average Japanese family during the late stages of the war are laid plain. Gen, a young boy and fictional stand-in for the author, and his family live under constant air raid threat while struggling to even feed themselves. One older brother is evacuated to the countryside. Another enlists in pilot training and learns the horrors of kamikaze pilots. To complicate matters further, Gen's father is openly critical of Japan's involvement in the war, a position that inspires vicious hostility from the neighbors.
Rambunctious little boys in manga often seem to bounce and Gen and his brother Shinji come off as a bit clownish at times. The father's occasional violent outbursts are off-putting. But overall, the reader develops great affection for Gen's family in plenty of time for the crushing blow we all know is coming. We are not spared the graphic details when the bomb hits - skin melting off the victims, bodies covered with shards of shattered glass, etc.
I never made it to Hiroshima during my time in Japan, though I did go to Nagasaki, target of the second A-bomb on August 9th. Visiting the bomb museum was a haunting experience I'll carry with me always. Fortunately, both cities thrive in modern Japan and have been at the forefront of world peace and nuclear antiproliferation movements for decades - always aware of the horrifying past, but also determined to help make sure it never happens again. First person accounts such as Nakazawa's have long been an important aspect of these efforts.
Labels: Barefoot Gen, comics, family adventures, good reading, on the road, trades
Family Movie Night: The Extraordinary Adventures of Adèle Blanc-Sec
Title: The Extraordinary Adventures of Adèle Blanc-Sec
Director: Luc Besson
Okay, imagine combining Tintin with Indiana Jones and Jurassic Park. Throw in a beautiful, take-no-prisoners female lead. Set it all in a steampunky pre-Great War Paris and you've pretty much got The Extraordinary Adventures of Adèle Blanc-Sec. Based on the comic book series of the same name by Jacque Tardi, Besson's film introduces Adèle, a fearless reporter/adventurer. Adèle travels to Egypt in order to exhume and resurrect Pharoah Ramesses II's personal physician so that he, in turn, can cure her comatose sister, out of commission for five years since a gruesome hatpin accident during a tennis match. Meanwhile, a live pterodactyl hatches out of a 136 million-year-old egg at a paleontology museum in Paris. Yes, the two stories are related. Crazy, crazy movie...
I'd explain more of the plot but that would ruin the fun for anyone who decides to watch. Suffice to say, the narrative is absurd without apology. The film is well cast with quirky character-actor types. The visuals - mostly live action but with CGI for the movie's supernatural and prehistoric elements - are dazzling. Louise Bourgoin is infinitely charming in the lead. This is really a very solid picture, but only a 3 for me. I don't feel a strong need to watch it again, though I have a feeling it will come up again in our rotation.
Labels: comics, family adventures, film, good reading, tennis
Roland Garros 2014: My Picks to Win
via Live Tennis Guide
For nearly a decade, the great Spaniard Rafael Nadal has dominated Roland Garros. In fact, dominance seems an inadequate word. Nadal has played in the tournament nine times and has only lost one match, a quarterfinal tumble with Robin Soderling (Sweden) in 2009. It's an absurd accomplishment. No other man has won any Major eight times. However the overall Greatest of All Time discussion shakes out, pretending anyone other than Nadal is the best ever on clay courts gets increasingly ridiculous with each passing year. Picking someone else to win this year's tournament would seem crazy.
And yet, the Clay King and current World #1 suddenly seems vulnerable. Nadal usually steamrolls his way through the appetizer tournaments on the clay court swing but ONLY managed two titles this year: Rio de Janeiro and Madrid. He failed to take home the big prizes in Monte Carlo, Barcelona or Rome - tournaments he has won at least seven times each. He hadn't lost in Barcelona since 2003. A recent interview with Time magazine hints at flagging confidence. Meanwhile, Novak Djokovic (Serbia) is breathing down his neck for the top ranking and is surely motivated to win in Paris to complete his own Career Slam. Moveover, the Djoker has won their past four head-to-head meetings, including the recent Rome final on clay. If ever there were a year to pick against Nadal at the French, this would seem to be it.
But I can't do it. One day, the King's reign will end - just not quite yet.
The story is different on the women's side. American Serena Williams arrives in top form - very bad news for the rest of the field. Few players in the world can even give Serena a decent match when she's at her best and her recent title in Rome indicates she's more than ready to defend her title. Her biggest threat may well loom in the quarterfinals: Maria Sharapova (Russia). With wins in Stuttgart and Madrid, Sharapova is the second hottest player coming into the tournament. Whichever woman survives to the semis should run the table thereafter. I'm going to go out on a limb and say Sharapova scores the upset and wins the big trophy.
via MariaSharapova.com
Labels: Roland Garros 2014, tennis
Star Trek: Friday's Child
Episode: "Friday's Child"
In "Friday's Child," the Enterprise and her crew travel to Capella IV to negotiate mining rights with the natives. Two complications: the sneaky Klingons got their man there first and the Capellans are edgy over the murderous intrigue within their tribal society. The chief is slain and our friends find themselves on the losing side of the struggle. So far, pretty standard fare for Trek.
Enter Eleen, wife of the fallen leader and bearing his child and heir. The society's traditions condemn her to death, to which she willingly submits. Naturally, Kirk, Spock and Bones aren't going to stand for that so they convince her to escape. She bonds with Doc in time for him to deliver the baby.
There are troubling aspects of the Eleen story. For instance, she only comes to respect McCoy after he slaps her - to be fair, she slapped him first, twice, and he was trying to help her, big picture. It is one of many elements of Trek that don't quite live up to our 2014 sensibilities. But here's an interesting wrinkle: the screenwriter, D.C. Fontana, is a woman. Dorothy Catherine Fontana wrote 10 Original Series episodes in total, as well as episodes later for The Animated Series, The Next Generation and Deep Space Nine. Beyond Trek, her writing credits extend over several decades, frequently under male pseudonyms.
Julie Newmar (Eleen) was born Julia Chalene Newmeyer on August 16, 1933 in Los Angeles. Her father had been a professional football player in the early NFL and her mother was a fashion designer. She got into show biz initially as a dancer, appearing on stage in the Ziegfield Follies. She won a Tony in 1959 for her perfomance in The Marriage-Go-Round. Her biggest film role was as Dorcas in Seven Brides for Seven Brothers.
In geekdom, Newmar's guest appearance on Trek is trumped by her recurring role as Catwoman on the late '60s Batman series, 13 episodes in total. Her costume from the show, which she modified herself to better exhibit her own figure, now belongs to the Smithsonian.
Labels: comics, good reading, sources, star trek, TV
Family Movie Night: Laura
Title: Laura
Director: Otto Preminger
This was my first time watching Laura, a classic film noir from the golden age of the genre. It's got all the requirements: long shadows, silhouettes, a beautiful woman (Gene Tierney), a deadpan detective (Dana Andrews) and murder. There's generally a plot twist, too, and Laura's is an unusual one, even by noir standards. The story was adapted from Vera Caspary's novel of the same title. Somewhat surprisingly for a movie of its reputation, Laura lacks a big name cast. The most well-known actor is Vincent Price, though he would ultimately be better known for his career in B-movie horrors and, of course, his contribution to Michael Jackson's "Thriller."
Laura's strongest legacy may well be its title theme music - composed by David Raskin - which took on a life of its own as a jazz standard. Lyrics were added later by Johnny Mercer. A few renditions from the giants:
Charlie Parker -
Ella Fitzgerald -
Dave Brubeck -
Frank Sinatra -
Labels: family adventures, film, good reading, movie music, music
Star Trek: Journey to Babel
Episode: "Journey to Babel"
Original Air Date: November 17, 1967
On the one hand, "Journey to Babel" is a tale of diplomatic intrigue and murder. On the other, it is the story of the conflicted relationship between Spock and his parents. Vulcan Ambassador Sarek and his human wife Amanda - Spock's mom and dad - are brought aboard the Enterprise for transportation to a galactic peace conference. Representatives of the Andorians and Tellarites are also along for the ride. The Tellarite Ambassador is found murdered and Sarek is the prime suspect. Meanwhile, Sarek has a heart attack and only surgery and a blood transfusion from Spock will save him. Quite a lot going on here!
The murder mystery would be fun enough but the real strength of this episode and its long-term importance to the Trek franchise is the revelation of Spock's family dynamics. We've known from the beginning that our pointy-eared hero struggles with the conflict between his human and Vulcan natures. In the presence of his parents, the self-identity battlefield is laid plain. Sarek does nothing to hide his disapproval of his son's abandoning Vulcan for a career in Starfleet. Meanwhile, Amanda strives to mend the rift between the two. In the episode's most poignant scene, she slaps Spock after failing to convince him to place the importance of his father's life over that of his duty to the ship. We don't see Spock's face after the slap. She leaves the room and he places his hand on the closed door behind her. End of scene.
Mark Lenard, who played the Romulan Commander in "Balance of Terror", returns as Sarek. Television veteran Jane Wyatt is Amanda. The two have wonderful chemistry together and created the Vulcan sign of affection - the touching of two fingers - on their own. It's a tough call, but I might say this is my favorite episode of the season so far and maybe even the entire series.
Jane Wyatt was born August 12, 1910 in Mahwah, New Jersey. After two years at Barnard College, she left to pursue acting. She spent several years on Broadway before signing a contract with Universal Pictures. She made her big-screen debut in 1934's One More River. Her biggest screen role was opposite Ronald Colman in Lost Horizon. Wyatt had a stellar TV resume long before her appearance on Star Trek. She was the first three-time winner of the Emmy for Best Lead Actress in a Comedy for her role in Father Knows Best. She reprised her role as Amanda for the film, Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home.
Wyatt was married to her husband Edgar Bethune Ward for 65 years. She lived to the ripe old age of 96, dying of natural causes in 2006. She was survived by two sons, three grandchildren and five great-grandchildren.
A New Blogfest: Then and Now
The greatest films stand the test of time, speaking to us in different ways at various life stages. Is there a movie that was a part of your life when you were younger that you see differently now? Like fine wine, has it improved with age or did it die in the bottle? Has maturity brought you new insights you missed in your youth? We want to know all about it!
Join us for "Then and Now," a bloghop hosted by The Armchair Squid, Suze, Nicki Elson and Nancy Mock. Tell us about a movie you loved when you were younger and have come to see differently over time - for better or for worse. Please sign on to the list below, then post on Friday, June 13th.
Labels: family adventures, film, Then and Now
Family Movie Night: Happy Feet
Title: Happy Feet
Directors: Judy Morris, Warren Coleman and George Miller
Happy Feet was the first film we ever took our daughter to see in a movie theater. She was terrified - the darkness and the booming surround sound were way too much for her three-year-old sensitivities. Plus, there are scary moments when predators like skua and leopard seals come awfully close to eating the protagonist. It was quite a long time before we were able to entice her back to the cinema.
And yet, she swore up and down for years that Happy Feet was her favorite movie. A recent interest in penguins has inspired a quest for movies with penguins. In fact, just about anything to do with penguins grabs her attention. When she learned this week that Pittsburgh's hockey team claims her favorite bird as a mascot, she was all set to throw her lot in with them. She was quite upset to learn they are the arch-rivals of my own team (Washington Capitals). This was actually our first time watching Happy Feet since that day in the theater nearly eight years ago. Our Girl was not disappointed.
Mumbles, an emperor penguin chick, can't sing. This is a disaster as, at least for the lore established in the story, members of his species must match "heart songs" in order to mate. But he sure can dance - soft-shoe tap! Unfortunately, that's not enough to impress the rest of the flock and even his own father is ashamed of him. His one true love, Gloria, has a beautiful voice and clearly loves him, too. But Mumbles is blamed for a decline in fish and is banished. He resolves to find out what really happened to the fish, which means seeking out the humans.
Happy Feet is a visually stunning movie. All of the animals and their environment are beautifully presented. One almost feels at times as if you could run your hand through their feathers. The story is formulaic, though sweet and satisfying. The music is great, mostly covers of previously released material - a jukebox musical, it's called apparently. Highlights include a "Kiss"/"Heartbreak Hotel" mash-up sung by Nicole Kidman and Hugh Jackman, "My Way" performed in Spanish by Robin Williams and "Somebody to Love" as sung by the late, great Brittany Murphy. A nice story about "Kiss": Prince initially wasn't going to let them use the song but once the producers showed him footage from the film, he not only relented, but offered to write a new number for the closing credits.
Labels: family adventures, film, movie music, music
Star Trek: Metamorphosis
Episode: "Metamorphosis"
"Metamorphosis" is a love story. While transporting a diplomat, Commissioner Nancy Hedford, aboard a shuttlecraft, Kirk, Spock and Bones is hijacked by a strange energy blob which pulls them down to its home planet. There, they discover an Earthman, apparently long alone, though in perfect health. Turns out, he is Zefram Cochrane, a scientific titan in the Star Trek universe as he discovered the warp drive. The force which captured the ship, referred to as "the Companion" has nurtured Cochrane for 150 years, also restoring him to youth. "The Companion" has captured our heroes to keep him company (strong echoes of last week's episode). To complicate matters further, Hedford is sick and will die if she is not brought to the Enterprise sick bay soon.
Through his usual hocus pocus, Spock is able to achieve communication with the Companion. Lo and behold, it's female! What's more, she is in love with Cochrane. Unfortunately, he is not too keen on dating an energy field. How convenient that there's a female human who, once cured of her deadly disease, can provide the physical embodiment needed to inspire reciprocal feelings in Cochrane.
So what is the message here? Hedford is the too typical professional woman character with no time for love. Cochrane is repulsed by the Companion's genuine affection until it's presented in a package he can appreciate. It's not entirely comfortable but there is something sweet about the devotion they find for one another in the end.
Glenn Corbett (Cochrane) was born Glen Edwin Rothenburg on August 17, 1933 in El Monte, California. After serving in the Navy SeaBees, he attended Occidental College. There, he met his wife, Judy Daniels, and discovered acting.
While there were film roles, including his debut in 1959's The Crimson Kimono, Corbett is best known for his television work. He replaced George Maharis on Route 66 during the show's third season. He also had regular parts in It's a Man's World, The Doctors and Dallas. Corbett died of lung cancer (there it is again) on January 16, 1993.
Family Movie Night: The Lady Eve
Title: The Lady Eve
Director: Preston Sturges
The Lady Eve is one of My Wife's favorite movies. Preston Sturges, who directed and also wrote the screenplay, provides the clever dialogue, Barbara Stanwyck supplies keen wit and a dazzling smile and Henry Fonda performs one of the best prat falls you'll ever see. Jean Harrington (Stanwyck) and her accomplices are card sharps out to swindle the young, naive and fabulously wealthy Charles Pike (Fonda). All goes awry, however, when Jean genuinely falls in love with Charles. Charles discovers her true identity and spurns her. That's just the beginning of this twisted tale.
The narration of the trailer is a bit, um, dated. You'll see what I mean if you watch. Fans of the sitcom My Three Sons will recognize William Demarest, aka Uncle Charley.
The movie defies many of the conventions of Hollywood romantic comedies. The two principals are rarely if ever on equal footing, with Jean nearly always in control. The script pushes the limit of the Hays film code in place at the time and was, in fact, initially rejected by the censors before revisions. It's a fun movie and certainly well worth your time if you're in the mood for a clever romp.
On the Coffee Table: Ananda and Beyond
Titles: Buddha
- Volume 6: Ananda
- Volume 7: Prince Ajatasattu
- Volume 8: Jetavana
Writer and Artist: Osamu Tezuka
I have reached the end of Tezuka's Buddha series. My previous posts on this manga can be found here, here and here. While I am not completely ignorant of Buddhist teachings, I don't know enough to say with any authority whether Tezuka portrays the faith or its central figure accurately. However, I can say the presentation is highly engaging and provides enough of an introduction to the subject matter to inspire a novice to learn more.
From comments on some of my posts about sequential art (the fancy-schmancy way of saying comic books), I've gotten the sense that many are not entirely comfortable with the idea of serious subjects presented in this medium. To a point, this is understandable. In American society, at least, comics and cartoons are associated with children, humor and/or the fantasy realm of superheroes. A graphic novel about the sociopolitical dynamics of pre-war Germany, for instance, might not even seem possible, let alone appealing. But if one takes a step back, one might acknowledge that film and other visual arts deal adeptly with a broad range of material and there's really no reason comic books can't accomplish the same.
Of course, religion would be considered by many to require a higher level of serious treatment than most subjects. A certain reverence is expected for any faith. But the Japanese perspective on religion - particularly their own - is quite different from the typical Western view. Most modern Japanese don't consider themselves to be religious at all. However, religious rituals dominate the culture. As the saying goes, the Japanese are born Shinto and they die Buddhist. Most of the customs associated with birth come from Shintoism, the animistic faith native to Japan, while the customs surrounding death come from Buddhism. People take those rituals very seriously, indeed, but more for the rituals themselves than any deeper belief system. Religious satire isn't nearly as taboo as it is in Western society so even the occasional moments of levity within the Buddha series are not entirely out of place within the broader context.
Osamu Tezuka (1928-89) is considered by many to be the greatest and most influential of all manga creators. This was not my introduction to his work. I was less impressed by the Black Jack series. I feel Buddha was a much stronger showcase of his talents, as both artist and storyteller.
Labels: Buddha, comics, good reading, trades
Family Movie Night: The Extraordinary Adventures o...


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CLITO
Clitocybe
Clitocybe Explained
Clitocybe is a genus of mushrooms characterized by white, off-white, buff, cream, pink, or light-yellow spores, gills running down the stem, and pale white to brown or lilac coloration. They are primarily saprotrophic, decomposing forest ground litter. There are estimated to be around 300 species in the widespread genus.[1]
Clitocybe means sloping head.
A few members of the genus are considered edible; many others are poisonous, containing the toxin muscarine among others. Distinguishing individual species of Clitocybe is generally prohibitively difficult to non-experts, requiring the analysis of microscopic characters. Therefore, with the exception of a few charismatic and readily identified members, Clitocybe mushrooms are rarely collected for consumption.
Clitocybe was originally proposed by Elias Fries in 1821 as a tribe in the genus Agaricus. Friedrich Staude elevated it to generic status in 1857.
Recent molecular work has shown the genus to be polyphyletic: many members are seemingly distantly related and other fungi, such as the field blewit and wood blewit, now known as Clitocybe saeva and C. nuda respectively, are more closely related.
As C. nebularis is the type species, those most distantly related to it would be likely to be reclassified in the future. In a 2003 paper, Finnish mycologist Harri Harmaja proposed C. geotropa and twelve other Clitocybe species be split off into a new genus Infundibulicybe on the basis of spore properties. His C. clavipes was later transferred to the genus Ampulloclitocybe by Redhead and colleagues, that genus name taking precedence over Harmaja's proposed Clavicybe. Other former Clitocybe species have been placed in the genera Atractosporocybe, Leucocybe and Rhizocybe.
The consumption of two species, Clitocybe acromelalga from Japan,[2] and Clitocybe amoenolens from France, has led to several cases of mushroom-induced erythromelalgia which lasted from 8 days to 5 months.
Many small Clitocybe species contain the toxin muscarine, which was originally found in small amounts in the famous fly agaric. However, the small white Clitocybe species contain muscarine in dangerous amounts, and two species in particular, the closely related Clitocybe dealbata and Clitocybe rivulosa, contain muscarine in such amounts that deaths have been recorded for eating those two Clitocybe species.
Selected species
Clitocybe acromelalga (Japan)
Clitocybe agrestis
Clitocybe albirhiza
Clitocybe alexandri
Clitocybe amarescens
Clitocybe amoenolens – poisonous bamboo mushroom (France), now classified as Paralepistopsis amoenolens
Clitocybe brumalis – winter funnel cap
Clitocybe brunneocephala – edible[3]
Clitocybe candicans - now classified as Leucocybe candicans
Clitocybe catinus - now classified as Infundibulicybe catinus
Clitocybe cistophila – Europe
Clitocybe clavipes – may be edible but poisonous when consumed in conjunction with alcohol, now Ampulloclitocybe clavipes
Clitocybe connata – inedible, suspected to be mutagenic; species now reclassified under Leucocybe.
Clitocybe costata – may be edible but due to its rareness it is not consumed.
Clitocybe dealbata – ivory funnel, sweating mushroom (Europe), poisonous
Clitocybe ditopus
Clitocybe dilatata – poisonous[4]
Clitocybe eccentrica
Clitocybe entoloma
Clitocybe eucalyptorum
Clitocybe fennica
Clitocybe fragrans – fragrant funnel
Clitocybe geotropa – trooping funnel, monk's head agaric, now classified as Infundibulicybe geotropa
Clitocybe gilvaoides
Clitocybe glacialis
Clitocybe globispora
Clitocybe glutiniceps
Clitocybe lohjaensis
Clitocybe marginella
Clitocybe maxima - giant clitocybe - edible, now commercially grown in China.[5]
Clitocybe menthiodora
Clitocybe nebularis – clouded agaric – considered edible by some, though causes gastric upset in many people
Clitocybe nuda – wood blewit – a common edible distinguished in part by its lilac hue, now Lepista nuda
Clitocybe odora – aniseed toadstool; grows near birch trees, but can be easily mistaken for poisonous ones mainly because of its appearance
Clitocybe paraditopa – Australia
Clitocybe parasitica
Clitocybe rivulosa – fool's funnel (Europe, North America)
Clitocybe ruderalis
Clitocybe sclerotoidea
Clitocybe strigosa
Clitocybe subcordispora
Clitocybe tarda
Clitocybe truncicola
Clitocybe vibecina
The bioluminescent jack o'lantern mushroom (Omphalotus olearius) was formerly placed in this genus as Clitocybe illudens.
List of Tricholomataceae genera
Mushroom poisoning
Clitocybe at Mushroom Expert.com
Book: Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA . Dictionary of the Fungi . limited . 10th . CABI . Wallingford, UK . 2008 . 152 . 978-0-85199-826-8.
Ichimura . J . 1918. A new poisonous mushroom . Bot Gaz (Tokyo) . 65 . 10911.
Book: Davis, R. Michael. Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Sommer. Robert. Menge. John A.. University of California Press. 2012. 978-0-520-95360-4. Berkeley. 146. 797915861.
Book: Phillips, Roger . Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America . registration . 2010 . Firefly Books . Buffalo, NY . 978-1-55407-651-2 . 59.
Web site: Cultivation of Giant clitocybe.
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Clitocybe".


Ducati's Andrea Dovizioso won the Italian MotoGP at Mugello ahead of Yamaha's Maverick Vinales and Pramac's Danilo Petrucci on Sunday.
Halfway through the race, Dovizioso surged to the front rounding Vinales to hold on and take the victory.
The win was the Italian's first in dry conditions. What makes it even better is that he was suffering from food poisoning earlier in the day.
With five laps remaining Vinales fought back but could not catch the Ducati.
Yamaha's home crowd favourite Valentino Rossi finished in fourth place having being contention with the leading group challenging for a podium spot.
In fifth spot was Aspar's Alvaro Bautista ahead of Honda's reigning world champion Marc Marquez while Frenchman Johann Zarco on his Monster Yamaha Tech 3 finished seventh.
Closing out the top-10 were the Ducati duo of Jorge Lorenzo, Michele Pirro while Suzuki's Andrea Iannone claimed 10th place.
Repsol Honda rider Dani Pedrosa tried to overtake LCR Honda Cal Crutchlow on the final lap while fighting for 11th place but both crashed out and did not finish the race.


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Home»People»Timothy Webber Bio, Age, Net Worth, Relationship, and Interesting Facts
Timothy Webber Bio, Age, Net Worth, Relationship, and Interesting Facts
By Precious Eshun October 13, 2022 No Comments1 Min Read
Timothy Webber is a Canadian television, film, and stage actor best known for his role as Djordje in the film My Father's Angel, for which he received a Genie Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.
Timothy's birth date is unavailable and it seems he likes to keep it private
His relationship status is currently unknown because he has kept it private.
He is a graduate of Dalhousie University.
Timothy's income mostly comes from and the basic source is being a successful Canadian actor.
Possibly the most famous actor in the world is the native expert. Timothy Webber is knowledgeable and has a sizable social media following.
Precious Eshun
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