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A Study on the Influence of "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" in Dietary Supplements on the Buying Behavior of the Customers of Mercury Drug Branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite Essay
A Study on the Influence of "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" in Dietary Supplements on the Buying Behavior of the Customers of Mercury Drug Branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the COMMUNICATION ARTS DEPARTMENT COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY-DASMARINAS Dasmarinas, Cavite In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Arts in Communication Cervantes, April E. Vergara, Anna Lou C. Vidamo, Margielyn L. April 2010 APPROVAL SHEET
This undergraduate thesis entitled: Influence of "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" in Dietary Supplements on the Buying Behavior of the Customers of Mercury Drug Branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite by Cervantes, April E. , Vergara, Anna Lou C. , Vidamo, Margielyn L. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Communication, has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for oral defense. Roel S. Ramirez, APR MIAN RAYRAY Professor Adviser THESIS REVIEW PANEL Approved by the Committee on oral examination with a grade of __________.
ARTIN UMALI NORNELYN L. CACHUELA MemberMember Roel S. Ramirez, APR Member Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Communication. Rosanni Recreo – Sarile Chair, Communication Arts Department Emmanuel F. Calairo, PhD Dean, College of Liberal Arts Abstract De La Salle University- Dasmarinas Dasmarinas, Cavite Title: Influence of "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" in Dietary Supplements on the Buying Behavior of the Customers of Mercury Drug Branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite. Authors: Cervantes, April E. , Vergara, Anna Lou C. , Vidamo, Margielyn L.
Degree: AB Communication Date started: February 11, 2010 Objectives of the Study Statement of the Problem General Problem Statement: To determine the influence of "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" in dietary supplements on the buying behavior of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite. Specific Problem Statements: 1. What is the level of awareness of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite to "No Approved Therapeutic Claims"? 2. How well do the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite understand the "No Approved Therapeutic Claims"? . How does "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" affect the buying decision of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite in terms of their: 3. a Buying with conviction, 3. b Buying with hesitation, 3. c Postponement in buying, and 3. d Not buying at all? 4. How frequent do the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite buy dietary supplements? Scope and Coverage This study focused on the influence of "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" in dietary supplements on the buying behavior of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite.
The respondents of the study were restricted to the customers of Mercury Drug branches located only in Dasmarinas, Cavite. It did not include other consumers buying from other pharmacies or drug stores situated in Dasmarinas, Cavite. The study only focused on dietary supplements and not on the other types of supplements in the market. It concentrated only on the buying behavior of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite. It did not concern the other types of behavior and the effect of dietary supplements to the respondents' health.
The study centred only on the packaging of dietary supplements that has the disclaimer "No Approved Therapeutic Claims". Methodology The researchers used descriptive research to obtain information related to the study. It used survey questionnaire as an instrument to get information needed in the study. The researchers conducted and distributed surveys questionnaires using 100 Statistical Boundary as a sampling technique to the customers of different Mercury Drug Branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite_34 respondents in Robinson's Pala-Pala Branch, 33 respondents in Dasmarinas Aguinaldo Highway Branch, and 33 respondents Paliparan, Dasmarinas Branch.
The researchers used the Percentage Distribution formula to determine the data of the survey: The formula for the computation of percentage distribution is [pic] The second formula helped in determining the mean of the data. That is the weighted mean. [pic] With the aid of a statistician, the researchers got the results of the survey of the study. From the results, the proponents based the conclusion of the study. Major Findings Based on the result of the survey, it shows that most of the respondents are aware of "No Approved Therapeutic Claims".
They understand its meaning and it also affects their decision of buying dietary supplements. Therefore, they agree that they are hesitant to buy dietary supplements. Their opinion is neutral when asked about their determination to buy dietary supplements. They agreed that "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" has an effect to their buying decision. For the topic, frequency of buying dietary supplements, most of the respondents answered that they do not buy dietary supplements followed by they buy it once a month. Conclusion: 1. No Approved Therapeutic Claims" has an influence on the buying behavior because most of the customers are aware of the disclaimer and they understand its meaning. 2. They also agreed that it affects their buying decision. It was found out that the customers' conviction to buy is only on neutral. They agreed that they are hesitant to buy dietary supplements with the disclaimer. They also agreed that they postpone buying dietary supplements and a great percentage agreed that they do not buy at all after seeing the disclaimer. 3. Moreover, most of the customers do not buy dietary supplements.
Recommendations: 1. This study should be used as a source of information for Advertising and Marketing students because of the data presented are related to the course. 2. Future researchers can include different media tools as they are usually used in advertising and it is also important to have the profile of the respondents to know its relation to the influence of the disclaimer "No Approved Therapeutic Claims". 3. Advertising agencies must have strategies to convince the customers to buy the products since, disclaimer influences the buying behavior of the customers. List of Figures: . Figure 1. The conceptual Paradigm of the Study 2. Table 1. The awareness of "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" indicated on the dietary supplements 3. Table 2. The level of awareness of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite to "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" 4. Table 3. The level of understanding to "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" as perceived by the customers 5. Table 4. The level of decision of buying dietary Supplements 6. Table 5. The level of conviction of the customers in buying dietary supplements with "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" 7. Table 6.
The level of hesitation to buy dietary supplements with "No Approved Therapeutic Claims". 8. Table 7. The level of postponement in buying dietary supplements with "No Approved Therapeutic Claims". 9. Table 8. The level of people not buying at all buying dietary supplements with "No Approved Therapeutic Claims". 10. Table 9. The number of times the respondents buy a box of dietary supplements 11. Table 10. The Summary on the influence of "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" in dietary supplements on the buying behavior of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite
Acknowledgement This thesis would not be possible without the help of these people who had been a major part of our college life: First of all, we would like to thank God Almighty for guiding us, protecting us, and providing us the strength to finish this study. If not for His loving presence, we would have never completed this study and may have, in the process, damaged our friendship. To our families: the Cervantes, Vergara, and Vidamo family, we thank them for being the people who never stood their backs against us and continued to push us and inspire us to do the right things.
They may be different people but one thing is common with them and that is their patience towards us. We thank them most especially for the love they give us everyday of our lives. To the Communication Arts department and to our professors and mentors who served as our second family, we thank you for your encouragement. To our friends especially our Com 42 family who never failed to cheer us up and have been part of our support system together with our families, we appreciate the love and the laughter. TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE1 APPROVAL SHEET 2 ABSTRACT 3-8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS 10-11 Chapter I. Background of the Study Introduction12-17 Statement of the Problem 17- 18 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework 19-25 Hypothesis 26 Scope and Delimitation 26-27 Significance of the Study 27-29
Definition of Terms 29-31 Chapter II. Review of Related Literature Conceptual Literature 32-48 Research Literature49 Synthesis50-51 Chapter III. Methodology Research Design 52-53 Research Locale 53 Sample and Sampling Technique used 53-54 Instrumentation 54-56 Statistical Analysis 56-58 Chapter IV. Results and Discussion Specific Question No. 1 59-63 Specific Question No. 2 64-65 Specific Question No. 3 66-73 Specific Question No. 4 73-77
Chapter V. Summary, Conclusion, Recommendation Summary 78-79 Findings 80 Conclusion 80-84 Recommendation 84-85 References 86-89 Appendices 90-95 Curriculum Vitae Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND This chapter delves on the introduction of this study including the statement of the problem, the rationale, the hypothesis, and the framework used by the researchers. It also includes the study's scope and limitation, the definition of terms and the significance of the study to different people. Introduction
Advertising nowadays is a basic part of the people's day to day lives. The public see and hear advertisements every day, from the moment they wake up in the morning and read the latest stories in the newspaper up to the time when they get back from work and watch the late news. It never fails to be included on anything man reads, watches, and listens to. It is a very powerful tool that companies from all over world lavishly use in order to introduce their products or services in the market and then eventually sell them. Advertising is a massive world of its own.
It requires creativity in all its aspects in order to catch the attention of the public (at first), and then persuade these people to come and try their offered products and services. It is a tried and tested medium that allows a product to be a part of the lives of the potential market and permits a service to be a handy assistance that can be used as a functional necessity or a relaxing luxury. It is a paid form of service that reaches out to the masses and intends to persuade them into buying whatever they are offering. It uses the tri-media which is the use of television, radio, and print.
Advertisers buy the airtime to put in their commercials which is played in between television shows and radio programs. On the other hand, print space is what people call to that area in the newspaper, magazines or journals used for print ads. An advertisement is a way that companies use to show the people the benefits that they can acquire from using their products. Most of the time, it is divided into health, beauty/ vanity (which also includes hygiene), food, and other different service products. People use whatever merchandise present in the market that promises the most number of benefits in comparison to other products.
Beauty ads guarantee people a better and improved part of their body like a healthier and whiter skin in 7 days, a straighter and smoother hair, and even smaller eye bags in just a few day's use. Food ads nonetheless focus on enticing the public with mouth-watering delights that people can experience from different restaurants or fast food chains. Health advertisements, on the other hand are about medicines, supplements, and any kind of pharmaceutical drugs intended to cure or improve a person's wellbeing. It is, by any means, one of the most important aspects man should give prior attention to.
Health is a vital part of the great experience of living. The truth of this has been known from early times. Every age has made new discoveries about health, thereby providing man with new weapons to fight diseases. Today, steady progress is being made in the field of education, nutrition, medicine, and surgery as well as public health. Attempts are being made to give everyone a fair chance to lead a healthier and fuller life (Nisha, Maimun, 2006). People from all walks of life make conscious efforts to take good care of their health as it defines the kind and the quality of life that one can have.
The correct protection and attention to one's health also determines the length of a person's life span. The Filipinos are known to be health conscious individuals who devote a lot of their time attending to their health. The Filipinos ingenuity regarding their physical condition confirms their attitude and perspective about health which can be traced back to the native Filipinos wherein they make use of different herbal and organic plants abundant in the environment to cure their sicknesses and ailments.
However, health nowadays is mixed up with man's conscious efforts to beautify oneself which results to a conflict on what to better prioritize. With this issue of man's obsession to stay fit and slim and become healthy at the same time, different means have been utilized to help maintain a desired figure and protect man's health. And one of these ways which is present in the market today is the use of supplements. Supplements are slowly becoming a trend to Filipinos. These are used to help alleviate health problems and support one's healthy wellbeing.
Supplements are known to be additional intake that is meant to make up for any deficiency that is present in a person's body. Some of the examples of supplements are food supplements, herbal supplements, and dietary supplements. In the Philippines and in the United States, food, herbal, and dietary supplements are regulated as foods. This statement means that they are only additional intakes that do not meet the same standards that drugs and over-the-counter medications can provide. Dietary supplements, in particular, are called as nutritional supplements or neutraceuticals.
This type of supplements contains vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanicals, amino acids, enzymes, and/or other ingredients intended to supplement the diet. This has been very in demand in the market since it not only helps a person regulate his/her weight and "diet" but at the same time acts as a healthy option that is made up of herbal ingredients that assure the people of its safety. In the United States in 1990, all dietary supplements were tightly regulated by the FDA and only included essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and proteins.
It was also in the 1990's when the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act expanded the category to include "herbs or similar nutritional substances". In 1994, a law was passed that drastically changed the dietary supplement marketplace. That law is the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) that expanded the category of dietary supplements to further include substances such as: "Ginseng, fish oils, enzymes, glandular products such as hormones and steroids, and mixtures of these. According to the US Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994, a dietary supplement is a product that contains substances like vitamins, minerals, foods, botanicals, amino acids and is intended to supplement the usual intake of these substances. Dietary supplements are found in pill, tablet, capsule, powder or liquid form and are meant to be taken by mouth. Some of the examples of these dietary supplements that are present in the Philippines are Fitrum, Slenda, Xenical and more. In the Philippines, however, dietary supplements as required by the law HB03544 must claim a "No (Approved) Therapeutic Claim".
This House Bill is an act regulating the use of "No (Approved) Therapeutic Claim" on supplemental medicines and other related preparations thereby mandating proper package labelling and establishing a standard of protection and promoting the welfare of consumers and for other purposes. In the US, "No approved therapeutic claims" would generally mean that a supplement has not yet been determined by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) to be as safe and effective as advertised. It could also mean that no studies and long-term research have yet been done to determine the efficacy of the pill, or herb in actually treating anything.
This phrase usually serves as a disclaimer of sorts. This is the reason why the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) was passed by US Congress which ensures consumers' rights to access safe and effective dietary supplements. BFAD is the Philippine agency that oversees the safety of foods (including dietary supplements), medicines, medical devices and cosmetics. Last March 2008, BFAD issued a public advisory stating that supplements have no medical benefits except as additional nutrients which simply means= "HINDI NAKAGAGAMOT".
There are now 21,310 food products registered with BFAD including food supplements and neutraceuticals wherein 32 are herbal meds and over 12,500 pharmaceuticals are registered. This overflowing number of supplements including dietary supplements is available in different pharmacies and drug stores around the Philippines and the biggest one would be Mercury Drug. Because of the engaging benefits presented in the advertisements and also in the packaging of these dietary supplements amidst some disclaimers, people could not help but purchase them.
The effectiveness of advertisements is clearly affecting a persons buying behavior. The buying behavior is defined as the acts and processes people go thru in buying and using a certain product. The buying behavior is an important aspect that helps customers to decide whether or not s/he will purchase a product. The buying behavior of a customer is susceptible to different stimulus that may influence and affect one's decision. The label "No approved therapeutic claim" is an example of a stimulus that can influence a person's buying behavior.
Statement of the Problem General Problem Statement: To determine the influence of "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" in dietary supplements on the buying behavior of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite. Specific Problem Statements: 5. What is the level of awareness of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite to "No Approved Therapeutic Claims"? 6. How well do the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite understand the "No Approved Therapeutic Claims"? 7.
How does "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" affect the buying decision of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite in terms of: 3. a Buying with Conviction, 3. b Buying with Hesitation, 3. c Postponement in Buying, and 3. d Not buying at all? 8. How frequent do the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite buy dietary supplements? Framework of the Study Theoretical Framework Herzberg's theory Frederick Herzberg developed a "two factor theory" of motivation, which distinguishes between dissatisfiers (factors that cause dissatisfaction) and satisfiers (factors that cause satisfaction).
This theory of motivation has two implications. First, sellers should do their best to prevent dissatisfiers from affecting the buyer. These dissatisfiers might be a poor training manual or a poor service policy. Second, the manufacturer should carefully identify the major satisfiers or motivators of purchase and be sure to supply them. This study, which focuses on the Influence of the disclaimer "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" to the buying behavior of the customers, uses the same basic factors and philosophy which is implied to Herzberg's Theory of Motivation.
If these terms are to be used in the study, the disclaimer "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" would be classified as a dissatisfier because the "real definition " of "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" is a supplement that has not yet been determined to be as safe as advertised and that no studio and long term research have yet been done to determine the efficacy of the pill or herb in actually treating anything. According to Herzberg, a person's buying choices are further influenced by five major psychological factors- motivation, perception, attribution, learning, and beliefs and attitudes. . Motivation. A person has many needs at a given day. Some needs are biogenic. They arise from physiological state of tension such as hunger, thirst, discomfort. Other needs are psychogenic. They arise from psychological states of tension such as the need for recognition, esteem, or belonging. There are three best known theories of human motivation- Freud's theory of Motivation, Maslow's Theory of Motivation, and Herzberg's Theory of Motivation. There is a drive that people feel in something like he needs.
In connection with the study, people are motivated to buy a product if it has a good effect to him, if a lot of people use it and if it is approved in the market. b. Perception. Perception is "the process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets information inputs to create a meaningful picture of the world". Perception depends not only on the physical stimuli but also on the stimuli's relation to the surrounding field and on conditions within the individual. People can emerge with different perceptions of the same object because of hree perceptual processes: selective attention, selective distortion, and selective retention. c. Attribution. Attribution is the causal inference that a person makes about a behavior. Attributions can either be internal or external. A person's behavior has a corresponding reason why it is acted out. They have reasons why they buy or not buy a particular product. Like with dietary supplements, they also have their own reason why they do not buy dietary supplements and one reason would be the presence of the disclaimer "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" to its packaging. d. Learning.
When people act, they learn. Learning involves changes in an individual's behavior arising from experience. Most human behavior is learned. Learning theorists say that a person's learning is produced through the interplay of drives, stimuli, cues, responses, and reinforcement. People will learn through stimuli, that is messages that they see in the environment. They have different interpretation on how they perceive messages like disclaimers on packaging of a product or advertisement. e. Beliefs and attitudes. Through going and learning, people acquire beliefs and attitudes.
These, in turn, influence their buying behavior. People do not have to interpret and react to every object in a fresh way. If people have beliefs and attitude towards a product, there is no more explanation on his actions. People will think the way they perceive things through learning. Under perception there are three perceptual processes where people can emerge with different perceptions of the same stimulus object- selective attention, selective distortion and selective retention. In Selective Attention people are exposed to a tremendous amount of daily stimuli.
Looking at commercial stimuli alone, the average person may be exposed to over fifteen hundreds a day. It is impossible for a person to attend to all of these stimuli. It means that marketers have to work especially hard to attract consumer attention. Here are some findings: a. People are more likely to notice stimuli that relate to a current need. b. People are more likely to notice stimuli that they anticipate c. People are more likely to notice stimuli whose deviations are large in relation to the normal size of the stimuli.
Dietary supplements could be one of the needs of people; it is mostly seen on television and drug stores. People will notice it if they are really after the supplement. The disclaimer "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" is always indicated on the packaging, being shown on television and being stated in radio ads of dietary supplements. This is an indicator that people will be aware not only on with dietary supplement but also with the disclaimer. The message is spread to masses with the use of media and the packaging of the supplement itself.
In Selective Distortion it describes the tendency of people to twist information into personal meanings. People interpret information in a way that will support rather than challenge their perceptions. "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" has its own and real definition but people have different interpretation at it. If people really know the meaning of this, there is a tendency that they are not supposed to buy the product because of its meaning that it is not yet been proven as an effective drug or on the other side they will still buy because they use it and it has a good effect to them.
If they have the awareness and understanding towards "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" own definition, they stick to what it really means. It could affect to their decision in buying the product. Their knowledge towards a product or a message shown on dietary supplements could also be an indicator if they will buy it or not. In Selective Retention people will forget much that they learn. They will tend to retain information that supports their attitudes and beliefs for chosen alternatives. People will remember the good points about their chosen product where they are interested in, if it is effective to them and if they get benefit from it.
But if the information that is retained to them is the real meaning of "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" their attitude and beliefs will be based depending upon on how they perceive the disclaimer. There will be a behavior of determination or hesitation towards the product otherwise it has no effect to them. Their buying will be affected, it could either be they do not buy or still buy often depending to their needs. Conceptual Framework The study aims to know the influence of "No Approved Therapeutic Claims to the buying behavior of the Customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite.
In figure 1, the conceptual framework of the study, there are eight boxes in the conceptual framework. Each box is connected to the specific problem statements of the study. The No Approved Therapeutic Claims disclaimer that the researchers pertain to in this study is the one indicated on the packaging of the dietary supplements. The first box is labeled as Packaging of Dietary Supplements because this is the source of information regarding the disclaimer. The box below it is the No Approved Therapeutic Claims that can be seen on the packaging of dietary supplements.
The dietary supplements in this study are the ones that can be bought at Mercury Drug. It is also the reason why this is the next box after the No Approved Therapeutic Claims. The next box is the customers of Mercury Drug. They are the ones who are considered as the receiver of the message of the disclaimer. Subsequently, it is followed by the buying behavior box. This is where the buying decision and buying frequency takes place. The researchers analyzed the buying decision and buying frequency for the results of the study. Packaging of Dietary Supplements No Approved Therapeutic Claims
Mercury Drug Customers of Mercury Drug Buying Behavior Buying Decision Buying Frequency Analysis Figure 1. The Conceptual Paradigm of the Study Hypothesis "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" does not influence the buying behavior of the customers of Mercury Drug Branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite. Scope and Delimitation The researchers provided a list of its scope and limitation in order to focus on a specific side and angle of the research study. It discusses how the proponents limited the range of this study which helped them concentrate to a single and particular topic.
The respondents are limited to the customers of Mercury Drug branches which are only located in Dasmarinas, Cavite. It does not include other buyers purchasing from other pharmacies or drug stores situated in Dasmarinas, Cavite. 1. The main discussion of this study focused and was limited on the influence of "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" in dietary supplements on the buying behavior of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite. 2. The respondents of the study were limited to the customers of Mercury Drug branches located only in Dasmarinas, Cavite.
It did not include other customers buying from other pharmacies or drug stores situated in Dasmarinas, Cavite or other areas in the Philippines. 3. The study focused on dietary supplements and not on the other types of supplements found in the market. 4. The study concentrated on the buying behavior of the customers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite. It was not concerned with the other types of behavior that may be affected or caused by the disclaimer "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" nor the effects caused by dietary supplements to the respondents' health. 5.
The study focused only on the packaging of dietary supplements that have the disclaimer "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" 6. The study concentrated on the frequency of the purchase of the customers per month. 7. The reasons for the customer in buying and not buying dietary supplements were not tackled anymore by this study. 8. The gender and the age of the respondents were not part of the study and were not treated as variables that influence the buying behavior of the customers so to focus on the influence made by the disclaimer "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" to the buying behavior. Significance of the Study
This study was conducted to find out the influence of "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" in dietary supplements on the buying behavior of the costumers of Mercury Drug branches in Dasmarinas, Cavite. This study will benefit the following: Students of De La Salle University-Dasmarinas. Students in general will be enlightened by this study because it will discuss how disclaimers like "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" in particular influence the buying behavior of customers. This study will also discuss the true meaning and importance of such disclaimers seen in dietary supplements and in other products too.
AB Communication Students with Advertising as a course track. The students taking up AB Communication with Advertising as their course track will fully benefit from this study as they could further learn the importance of using claims or disclaimers in different products seen in the market. This study will also provide data on how customers perceive a certain product and the influence of the disclaimers attached on the customer's buying behavior. This would also enlighten them about the significance of these claims to their future market that would use their products in the future.
Marketing Students. Marketing students who also have Advertising in their curriculum will also benefit from this study as they can be able to see the value of using such disclaimers like "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" to the public. This study can be a helpful reference in studying the buying behavior of the customers. Advertising Agency. Advertising agencies will be enlightened and informed about the influence of disclaimers like "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" to the customers, to the market and to their buying behavior.
It will also update them about the significance of putting such trivial data on the commercials, radio plugs, and printed materials of these kinds of products. Definition of Terms In order to further understand the terms used in this study, the researchers made a list of these terms and their functional definition. Awareness. The initial stage wherein people encounter some new terms or labels like "No Approved Therapeutic Claims". This is the first thing one must look for in order to see the disclaimer's influence of effectivity.
BFAD/FDA. This is the governing body that is concerned with the regulation of food and drugs n the Philippines thus encompasses the control of dietary supplements. Buying behavior. This is the decision processes and acts of people involved in buying and using products. It is the innate natural set of actions of customers that they face or experience in purchasing any kind of goods and services. Buying Decision. This is the process that a customer goes to in deciding to buy a particular good or services.
There are different factors that affect buying decision such as information search, purchased decision, attention getting factor and the alternatives. Comprehension. This is the understanding of the people regarding the disclaimer. Conviction. The decisiveness of a person to buy something such as dietary supplements that has the disclaimer "No Approved Therapeutic Claims". Customer. They are the people who give their custom or trade to a particular business or industry, purchasers of goods or services whether for their own satisfaction or for resale to other.
They may be regular or occasional buyers of products and are not patronizers of any kind of goods or services. Dietary supplements. This is a type of supplement which is also known as nutritional supplements or nutraceuticals that is focused on the dietary functions of a human being. It contains vitamins, minerals, herbs, or other botanicals, amino acids, enzymes, and/or other ingredients which is intended to supplement the diet. Disclaimer. This is a denial of the effectiveness of a supplement or any kind of product for that matter.
It is a noun used to categorize "No Approved Therapeutic Claims". Frequency in Buying. This is the rate or number of purchase by a person of dietary supplements with the disclaimer "No Approved Therapeutic Claims". HBO3544. This is the house bill passed regarding supplemental medicines that talks about the proper package labeling and establishing a standard of protection and promoting the welfare of consumers and for other purposes. Hesitation. This is the uncertainty of a person to buy something such as dietary supplement that has the disclaimer "No Approved Therapeutic Claims". No Approved Therapeutic Claims". This is categorized as a disclaimer which is seen in the packaging and advertisements of products like supplements ingested by humans. These disclaimers presented in the products generally mean that products such as supplements have not yet been verified to be as effective and safe as it is advertised. It also informs the public that no studies and long-term research have yet been done to determine the efficacy of the pill, or herb in actually treating anything. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter contains three parts.
The first part is the conceptual literature which consists of the factors that may influence the buying behavior and its types coming from the books, news about "No Approved Therapeutic Claims", advertising laws, laws from BFAD regarding health claims on the packaging or label of a medicine, and news articles concerning dietary supplements from the internet. The second part is the research literature that included the research studies regarding influences of buying behavior and effects of a program to the health consciousness of the people.
The last part is the synthesis which summarized the researcher's review of related literature and how it helped to the study. The researchers collected and reviewed information from different books, theses and articles from newspapers that are all related to the variables of the study. These variables are buying behavior, no approved therapeutic claims, dietary supplements, Mercury Drug and other literature that supported the variables. A synthesis is also provided to further understand the use of Conceptual Literature and Related Literature on the study. Conceptual Literature
Buying Behavior According to the book Marketing Management: an Asian Perspective 2nd edition (Kotler et al. ), there is a list of the major factors influencing buying behavior. It also included the types of buying behavior which are complex buying behavior, dissonance-reducing buying behavior, habitual buying behavior and variety seeking buying behavior. Factors Influencing Buying Behavior: 1. The Cultural Factors The cultural factors exert broadest and deepest influence on consumer behavior. a. Culture. Culture is the most fundamental determinant of a person's wants and behavior.
A growing child acquires a set of values, perceptions, preferences, and behaviors through his or her family and other key institutions. b. Subculture. Each culture consists of smaller subcultures that provide more specific identification and socialization for its members. Subcultures include nationalities, religions, racial groups, and geographical regions. Many subcultures make up important market segments, and marketers often design products and marketing programs tailored to their needs. c. Social Class. Virtually all human societies exhibit social stratification.
Stratification sometimes takes the form of a caste system as in traditional India where the members of different castes are reared for certain roles and cannot change their caste membership. More frequently, stratification takes the form of social classes. Social classes are relatively homogeneous and enduring divisions in a society, which are hierarchically ordered and whose members share similar values, interests, and behavior. Social classes can be broken into the upper, middle, working, and lower classes. Social classes have several characteristics.
First, persons within each social class tend to behave more alike than persons from two different social classes. Second, persons are perceived as occupying inferior or superior positions according to their social class. Third, a person's social class is indicated by a number of variables, such as occupation, income, wealth, education, and value orientation rather than by any single variable. Fourth, individual s can move from one social class to another-up or down- during their lifetime. The extent of this mobility varies according to the rigidity of social stratification a given society. . The Social Factors A consumer's behavior is also influenced by such social factors as reference groups, family, and social roles and statuses. a. Reference groups. Many groups influence a person's behavior. A person's reference groups consist of all the groups that have a direct (face-to-face) or indirect influence on the person's attitudes or behavior. Groups having a direct influence on a person are called membership groups, such as family, friends, neighbors, and coworkers with which the person interacts fairly continuously. Primary groups tend to be informal.
A person also belongs to secondary groups, such as religious, professional, and trade union groups, which tend to be more informal and require less continuous interaction. People are also influenced by groups in which they are not members. Groups to which a person would like to belong are called aspirational groups. Marketers try to identify the reference groups of the target consumers. People are significantly influenced by their reference groups in at least three ways. Reference groups expose an individual to new behaviors and lifestyles.
An opinion leader is the person in informal product-related communications who offers advice or information about a specific product, such as which brand is best, or how a particular product may be used. b. Family. Family members constitute the most influential primary reference group. We can distinguish between two families in the buyer's life. The family of orientation consists of economics and a sense of personal ambition, self worth, and love. c. Roles and statuses. A person participates in many groups throughout life-family, clubs, and organization.
The person's position in each group can be defined in terms of role and status. 3. Personal factors A buyer's decisions are also influenced by personal characteristics, notably the buyer's age and life-cycle stage, occupation, economic circumstances, lifestyle, and personality and self concept. a. Age and life cycle stage. People buy different goods and services over their lifetime. b. Occupation. A person's occupation also influences his or her consumption pattern. c. Economic Circumstances. Product choice is greatly affected by one's economic circumstances.
People's economic circumstances consist of their spendable income, savings and assets, borrowing power, and attitude toward spending versus saving. d. Lifestyle. People coming from the same subculture, social class, and occupation may lead quite different lifestyles. A person's lifestyle is the person's pattern of living in the world as expressed in the person's activities, interests, and opinions. Lifestyle portrays the "whole person" interacting with his or her environment. e. Personality and self-concept. Each person has a distinct personality that influences his or her buying behavior.
By personality, we mean the person's distinguishing psychological characteristics that lead to relatively consistent and enduring responses to his or her environment. 4. Psychological Factors. A person's buying choices are further influenced by five major psychological factors- motivation, perception, attribution, learning, and beliefs and attitudes. a. Motivation. A person has many needs at a given day. Some needs are biogenic. They arise from physiological states of tension such as hunger, thirst, discomfort. Other needs are psychogenic. They arise from psychological states of tension such as the need for recognition, esteem, or belonging.
There are three best known theories of human motivation- Freud's theory of Motivation, Maslow's Theory of Motivation, and Herzberg's Theory of Motivation. b. Perception. Perception is "the process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets information inputs to create a meaningful picture of the world". Perception depends not only on the physical stimuli but also on the stimuli's relation to the surrounding field and on conditions within the individual. People can emerge with different perceptions of the same object because of three perceptual processes: selective attention, selective distortion, and selective retention. . Attribution. Attribution is the causal inference that a person makes about a behavior. Attributions can either be internal or external. Internal attribution is inferring the behavior to luck, fate, or an external party. d. Learning. When people act, they learn. Learning involves changes in an individual's behavior arising from experience. Most human behavior is learned. Learning theorists say that a person's learning is produced through the interplay of drives, stimuli, cues, responses, and reinforcement. e. Beliefs and attitudes. Through going and learning, people acquire beliefs and attitudes.
These, in turn, influence their buying behavior. People do not have to interpret and react to every object in a fresh way. Types of buying behavior Consumer decision making varies with the type of buying decision. The types of buying behavior are as follows: A. Complex Buying Behavior. Consumers go through a complex buying behavior when they are highly involved in a purchase and aware of significant differences existing among brands. Consumers are highly involved in a purchase when it is expensive, bought infrequently, risky, and highly self-expressive.
Typically, consumers do not know much about the product category and have much to learn. B. Dissonance- reducing Buying Behavior. Sometimes the consumer is highly involved in a purchase but sees little difference in the brands. The buyer may respond primarily to a good price or the convenience of purchasing at the time or place. C. Habitual Buying behavior. Many products are bought under conditions of low consumer involvement and the absence of significant brand differences. Consumer behavior does not pass through the normal belief/ attitude/behavior sequence.
Consumers do not search extensively for information about the brands, evaluate their characteristics, and make a weighty decision on which one to buy. Instead, they are passive recipients of information as they watch television or see print ads. Ad repetition creates brand familiarity rather than brand conviction. Consumers do not really form an attitude toward a brand but select it simply because it is familiar. So, the buying process is: brand beliefs formed by a passive learning, followed by purchase behavior, which may or may not be followed by an evaluation. D.
Variety Seeking Buying Behavior. Some buying situations are characterized by low consumer involvement but significant brand differences. Consumers are often observed to do a lot of brand switching. Brand switching occurs for the sake of variety rather than dissatisfaction. "No approved therapeutic claims" In a special report of Paul M. Icamina entitled "Some Supplements Don't Cure, They Actually Harm Patients" published in http://www. manilatimes. net last November 16, 2008, BFAD issued a public advisory that food supplements have no medical benefits except as additional nutrients last March 2008.
The advisory warned that the use or ingestion of dietary supplements in lieu of regular medication is not right and may result in complications or side effects. The intake of supplements is compared to just like eating ordinary vegetables and drinking fruit juices, except that these are in capsules, tablets, syrups, powder forms, concentrates and so on. Sa madaling salita, ANG MGA ITO AY HINDI NAKAGAGAMOT [In layman's term, THESE DO NOT CURE]," the advisory said. The all-capital-letter emphasis is that of BFAD.
Ben Rosario in his article Local Labeling of Food Supplements Proposed, said that "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" imprinted on all boxes, labels, containers, and bottles as advisories of food supplements should be replaced by the Tagalog phrase "Wala pang pinatutunayang bisa" and other major regional dialects with the same meaning. In house Resolution No. 169, Pampanga Rep. Aurelio D. Gonzales Jr. insisted that the English phrase of the food advisories written on food supplement boxes is not easily understood by consumers who believe that such products have healing effects for certain sicknesses.
Gonzales noted that enterprising manufacturers have launched well-funded advertising campaigns to hoodwink consumers about the medical efficacy of their products. He said that although the Bureau of Food and Drugs has been implementing a law making the medical advisories mandatory in all food supplement containers, many consumers are fooled about the efficacy of the products due to the testimonies aired by endorsers that usually include doctors. The English warning may "be difficult to understand for many Filipinos". In order for these warnings and advisories to be more meaningful, there may be a need to translate them into the vernacular or in several regional languages so that more people will understand them", said Gonzales. Additional advice from Gonzales is that Food supplements sold in my district should have this inscription "Ala pang patunayang bisa. " A similar legislative measure has been proposed by Iloilo Rep. Ferjenel Biron who sought a ban on the advertising of food supplements.
Biron, a doctor, lamented that despite the fact that curative value of many herbal and chemical food supplements have not yet been proven, many physicians have joined advertising campaigns to endorse them. (Rosario, Ben, PDI: Local Labeling of Food Supplements Proposed) Another article, "Herbal Medicines Hindi pang masa? ", of Edwin P. Santiago states "Lalong naging masidhi ang kanyang pagnanais na malaman pa ang mga misteryong bumabalot sa mga produktong ito ng mapuna ko na ang mga gamut na ipinagbibili ay rehistrado sa Bureau of Food and Drugs bilang mga food supplement at hindi bilang gamot.
Totoo nga na ang karamihan ay naglalagay ng mga babala sa label o kahon, katulad ng "No approved therapeutic claims", ngunit kapag binasa mo ang mga literature na nakapaloob sa mga sisidlan ay katakut-takot na claims sa pagpapagaling ang mga nakasulat dito. Mayroon pang nagpapagaling ng kanser, nakapagpapatubo ng buhok, nakagagamot sa insomnia, high-blood pressure at iba pa. At ng aking suriin ang mga literature ay napuna ko na mas malamang ang temang panghihikayat sa paggamit kaysa impormasyon ng drug adverse reaction, incompatibility sa ibang gamot, o mga naaprubahang indikasyon sa sakit ang nakasulat dito.
Ang mga literature ay nagsisilbing marketing phamplets ng mga gamot na ipinagbibili na kung minsan ay naghihikayat sa isang namimili na maniwala at magkaroon ng false hope sa mga produktong nabanggit. Sa aking pananaw ay masama ang dulot ng false hope sa may mga sakit na kailangang gamutin ng mga rehistradong gamot na mayroong mga clinical traits at bioavailability studies. Sa aking pagsusuri ay aking napag-alaman na binibigyang pahintulot na ipagbili sa taong-bayan ang mga herbal products bilang "food supplement" sa dahilang wala pang documented na pag-aaral na isinumite sa BFAD upang patunayan na ang mga ito ay nakagagaling ng sakit. No approved therapeutic claims" Requirements BFAD—a Department of Health agency—specifies, subject to space, the font size (14 points) and type (Arial) and all capital and bold letters for the "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" label. The only nutrition claims permitted relate to energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, fiber, sodium, vitamins and minerals. Health claims must be based on current scientific substantiation. Any health claim must be acceptable to health authorities and the claimed benefit should come from the consumption of a "reasonable quantity" of the food cited in the article of Paul M.
Icamina published in http://www. manilatimes. net last November 16, 2008. According to the article of Michael Tan in the Philippine Daily Inquirer, the only requirement BFAD has is that "no therapeutic claims" is made by distributors, but this rule is observed more in the breach. Often enough, the products are sold without any medicinal claims; sometimes they'll even have a sticker saying "No Therapeutic Claims," but promotional materials will often name all kinds of sicknesses for which the supplement is supposedly effective.
Sometimes, too, the promotional literature will contain all kinds of testimonies, and so-called scientific explanations for the products' "effectiveness. " Dietary Supplements According to the article of Vanessa Doctor from http://ezinearticles. com, the use of herbal and dietary supplements poses major health risks and these risks are largely due to the varying nature of herbal preparations, as well as the lack of consumer protection generally given to prescription drugs by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) because herbal and dietary supplements are not officially classified as drugs.
Herbal medicines and dietary supplements are generally processed plant ingredients, solvent extracts, or essential oils of plants. All plants, including herbs, naturally synthesize a lot of complex chemical compounds as part of their metabolic activities. Many of these extracts are not directly related to the plant's energy production but are toxins synthesized by the plant in order to ward off other plants, herbivores, and plant parasites. Based from the article of Paul M. Icamina published in http://www. manilatimes. et last November 16, 2008, thousands of applications are filed every year and approval takes from three to six months. The PSD is currently processing applications filed from January to February. It is relatively cheap—P3,000 initial fee for two years, renewable at P200 each year. The process is strict. The product, for example, must be in the international Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) list. Among many other requirements, it should conform to the Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intake (RENI) dosage per day.
More than the RENI standards, the product is considered a drug and must undergo separate processes for pharmaceuticals or medicines. For products used for more than 30 days, toxicity tests of 90 days are required; products to be used for more than 30 days are tested on rodents and mice for at least nine months. Evidence of safety is based on documented prolonged and apparently uneventful use of the traditional herbal product. Even then, it is not allowed for use in pregnant, lactating mothers and children below 18 years and should be labeled as such. Based on the article written by Rone Reyes, M.
D. , an increasing number of Filipinos are taking vitamins, minerals, herbs, or other supplements. A few – like folic acid and saw palmetto, for example are beneficial. Some such as soy isoflavones, ginseng, and garlic-may or may not be. And others-especially ephedra, usnic acid, and kava- are dangerous. Found on his research that in 2003, Mary Palmer, MD, an emergency room physician and toxicologist, along with her colleagues, published an article in Lancet which analyzed nearly 500 calls about bad reactions to supplements that had been phoned to 11 poison control centers in the US in 1998.
When Palmer started the study, some of the supplements were found to include heart attacks, liver failure, bleeding, seizures and death. In the US, more than 20,000 complaints about the weight-loss products containing ephedra, including scores of deaths, have been registered during the past decade. Supplements are regulated much more than loosely than drugs that it's impossible to know how much harm they cause. Drugs can be sold only if companies have enough evidence to convince the FDA and panels of independent experts that they are safe and effective and that their benefits justify their risks.
In contrast, "The dietary supplement market is the Wild West," says Henry Waxman, a California congressman and longtime champion of measures to protect consumer's health. According to Tina Aboitiz Juan, in her column, Well and Good, "Supplements containing caffeine or ephedrine are not only substances that can destroy your health. Herbal concoctions may be "natural" but they are not always safe. The United States Food and Drug Administration reports a number of deaths and near-deaths associated with the use of "slimming" teas. These are not the safe herbal teas like ginger, chamomile or mint.
These are the teas sold specifically for "slimming". They usually contain herbal laxatives, diuretics and stimulants. Long term use of these teas can lead to dehydration and diarrhea which, in turn, can cause life-threatening potassium depletion. Since proper heart function is partly dependent on correct electrolyte balance, a severe deficiency of potassium can trigger a heart attack even in a healthy young adult. BFAD Regulation In the article of Paul M. Icamina entitled "Some supplements don't cure, they actually harm patients" published in http://www. manilatimes. et last November 16, 2008, the first step to protect the consumer is a cease-and-desist order that stops the distribution of a product that falsely claims therapeutic effects. Then the manufacturer or distributor is required to explain why no administrative sanction should be made by BFAD's Legal Information and Compliance Division. The fine is anywhere from a few hundred pesos up to P5,000 depending on the violation. A promo without a BFAD permit is fined P200. For an unregistered drug, the fine is P5,000 up to P10,000 per product. Advertising Law According to Pagunsan (2004), the Sec. 26 (Disclaimer) of the book Law and Advertising states that the labeling or packaging is generally an act attributable to the manufacturer, alone or aided by an advertising company. As a rule, therefore, only manufacturers shall be charged with the violation. All others who have a hand directly or indirectly in preparing, however, be included in the illegal act. The requirement is intended to give the consumer as much information about the product, over and above the enticing advertisements on television or radio. House Bill In connection with the researcher's study, people have their own decision whether to buy or not to buy the product.
The researchers applied the buying decision subtopics: conviction, hesitation, or no effect. An act of regulating the use of "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" on supplemental medicines and other related preparation thereby mandates proper package labelling and establishes standard of protection and promotion for welfare of consumers and for some purposes (www. Congres. gov. ph). This Hose Bill was proposed by Benjamin D Asilo, the 1st District representative from Manila. Mercury Drug An article written by Mariano Que, the founder of Mercury Drug, said that Mercury Drug Corporation today has grown beyond our expectation.
It all began in February 1945 when most of the businesses were destroyed. After the liberation of our country from the Japanese by the Americans, Bambang Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila became the center of much activity – a place where many came to buy and sell merchandise. Encouraged by the crowd and the energy of entrepreneurism, I started Mercury Drug by selling medicines from a pushcart. From the pushcart to the opening of the first small drugstore in Bambang on March 1, 1945, Mercury Drug has grown into a network of over 700 company-owned and franchised stores all over the country.
This is in fulfillment of the company's vision of bringing safe and affordable health-enhancing and life-saving medicines closer to the people of the Philippines. Looking forward, Mercury Drug dreams to more opportunities of fulfilling business relationship with the public, by renewing its collective commitment of serving its customers whose trust and patronage has allowed Mercury Drug to continue its corporate existence. MERCURY DRUG…. SERVING OUR CUSTOMERS BETTER from its humble beginnings, Mercury Drug has gone beyond expectations.
Shortly after the liberation of Manila from Japanese occupation, Mariano Que, realizing the need of the people for medicines, bought with his hard earned savings of P100 a bottle of 1000 tablets of Sulfathiazole and sold it "patingi-tingi" for P1. 00 per tablet in the sidewalks of Bambang, Manila. From pushcart – peddling and with his previous working experience in a drugstore before the war, he eventually opened his first small drugstore in Bambang Street. Mercury Drug has today grown into a vast network of over 700 company-owned and franchised stores nationwide.
Mercury Drug believes that it owes its success to the millions of customers who have trusted and patronized the drugstore chain all throughout these years. Its feat could also not have been possible without its pool of professional and dedicated staff numbering close to 9,000 today. As a way of giving back to the people, Mercury Drug vows to bring quality, safe and affordable health-enhancing and life-saving medicines closer to the public. In the first place, it is what the name Mercury Drug stands for. In Roman mythology, Mercury is known as the god of commerce and manual skill.
Being the messenger of gods, Mercury needed a winged feet for his swift flights. Mercury Drug remains committed to its name as seen on its corporate philosophy of total and speedy customer service: "To serve you, to have what you want, when you want it. " Aside from bringing its chain of stores closer to the homes of the people, Mercury Drug has constantly endeavoured to reach the hearts of the customers. To achieve this, Mercury Drug has taken pride in the introduction of many firsts in the drug retailing business —all in an effort to satisfy, please and further serve the people. Research Literature
The study made by Baring (2002) entitled "Effects of the Radio Program "Knowledge Power" on the Health Consciousness of Selected Individuals in Camella Homes, San Nicolas, Bacoor, Cavite", found out that health consciousness seems to have become a fad; more people are getting aware of their health needs, for certain sectors to have designed programs to suit individual needs in promoting good health. Based on the Review of Related Literature of Digno & Sabillo (2005) in the thesis "A study of Johnson & Johnson's JPE" Digno and Sabillo found out that consumers' buying behaviors are influenced by forces that can be separated into three groups.
Psychological influences encompass the complex emotions, motivations, attitudes and other internal forces that lead people to make decisions. These psychological factors are themselves influenced from the outside by the remaining group of forces. Social and Interpersonal influences cover a wide variety of external pressures, including families, friends, ethnic groups and co-workers. Situational influences stem from the circumstances surrounding a purchase such as the time of the year or the reason for making a particular purchase.
Naturally, financial resources-both cash and available credits-affect purchase behavior to a large extent as well. Psychological influences include age, income, and other demographic factors. It also covers the different psychological factor such as needs and motives, attitude and lifestyle. Synthesis The Conceptual Literature provides a comprehensive explanation of the variables used in the study. It guarantees that the variables are not overlooked. The first literature for the buying behavior which is from the book Marketing Management helped the researchers to have more focus, direction and clarity regarding the buying behavior.
It also includes more details about buying behavior like the types of the major influences affecting the buying behavior; these were important to know because they were be used for the survey and in answering the general problem statement. The articles about "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" helped the researchers in explaining the real meaning of the disclaimer "No Approved Therapeutic Claims". It also gives significance of conducting the study because it supports that there are people who do not understand the meaning of the disclaimer. Confusion for the buyers can also be apprehended from the articles because of the said disclaimer.
These all strengthened the need to conduct the study. The researchers also included the dietary supplements in the Conceptual Literature. Because of this, the readers will be familiar on the previous studies done that are related to this study. The meaning of dietary supplements and other additional perspectives is also discussed to have more knowledge and awareness of dietary supplements and its effect to humans. BFAD Regulation, Advertising Laws and House Bill are conferred to support consideration and the need to display the "No Approved Therapeutic Claims" on dietary supplements.
The article from the website of Mercury Drug supports the reason why the researchers chose Mercury Drug where they can get the respondents for the survey. Mercury Drug has expanded into 700 company opened stores all over the country. This means that the business is still growing and improving over the years and will always be a part of Filipinos' preference of a leading drugstore. The study under the Research Literature discusses how important health is to people which is another element that holds up the need to conduct the study. The study made by Digno & Sabillo gave added perspectives on the buying ehavior which is an important variable of this study because that's what the re
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Home | National | PM Modi launches TB Free India campaign
PM Modi launches TB Free India campaign
Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Tuesday launched a campaign to eradicate tuberculosis (TB) from India by 2025, five years ahead of a globally-set deadline.
After inaugurating the Delhi End-TB Summit here, the prime minister launched the TB-free India Campaign to take the activities under the National Strategic Plan for TB Elimination forward in a mission mode for ending the epidemic by 2025. "A target has been set to end TB globally by 2030. I would like to announce that we have set aim to eradicate it from India five years ahead by 2025," Prime Minister Modi said.
Prime Minister stressed on analysing the situation and changing the approach, saying that efforts to curb tuberculosis has not yielded successful results yet and said state governments have a major role to play in the elimination of TB from the country. He further said that front-line TB physicians and workers can make a major contribution in this direction.
ALSO READ: Govt vows to eradicate TB by the year 2025
"State governments have a major role to play in elimination of TB from India. I have written to all chief ministers to join this mission," Prime Minister Modi said, adding it would boost the spirit of cooperative federalism. He further said that TB was the most prevalent among communicable diseases in the country and the poor were the worst affected by it. Every step taken towards eradicating the disease is directly connected to their lives, he added. Leaders from across the globe have converged in the national capital for the summit, hosted by the Union Ministry of Health along with the WHO and the Stop TB Partnership.
TB was responsible for 1.7 million deaths in 2016, despite most cases being curable while over 10 million people contract TB every year. The summit would set the stage for the September 2018 United Nations High-Level Meeting on TB, where for the first time, TB would be discussed in the UN General Assembly at the Heads of State level.
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ESPN play-by-play man Glenn Davis called it "the most expensive match in Major League Soccer history."
Davis was referring to last Saturday's late-night pairing between Red Bull New York and the Los Angeles Galaxy, which the Union will host tonight at PPL Park. Five designated players between the two teams and a combined club salary average closing in on $440,000 per player battled to a 1-1 tie at the Home Depot Center in Carson, Calif.
It's an expense that towers over the current average salary of the Union ($131,876), whose manager Peter Nowak firmly believes that a young, talented corps trumps the high-priced superstar. MLS salary figures released over the weekend show the Union average salary as the sixth highest in the league. Paltry, however, in comparison to the visiting Galaxy, whose average of $428,625 arrives with a bit of a serious curve. Its three major stars, midfielders David Beckham ($6.5 million guaranteed), Landon Donovan ($2.3 million) and forward Juan Pablo Angel ($1.25 million), have paid dividends as the Galaxy sits atop the Western Conference.
"I don't understand how that works. I mean, you have these three guys making millions within a tight salary cap, what do you pay the other 22 guys with, peanuts?" Nowak said at a recent press conference. "I think designated players are a short-term solution and I would never fall for that."
By comparison, the Union have only two players making over a quarter-million, both newcomers, goalkeeper Faryd Mondragon ($396,667) and forward Carlos Ruiz ($306,671). In the true spirit of blue collar, there are starters on the Union roster who either earn or pull a little over the MLS minimum of $42,000, the biggest steal being defender Sheanon Williams (league minimum).
Yet, the Union lurk just behind New York in the Eastern Conference standings as an unbreakable defensive corps and budding offense sit in a tie for second place - with games in hand - heading into tonight's white collar vs. blue collar clash.
"With us coming off a loss to Portland and LA getting the tie against New York, we both want to win this game," Ruiz said. "It doesn't matter who we are playing, we want to win tomorrow. Everyone expects so much from LA because of the players they have, but they have played  games and only have  points. I think they could be better. But I am thinking only about us, I am tired of hearing that we are struggling as an offense, so we are going to use this game to show just how much we have improved in that department."
Peter Nowak won't pace the Union sideline tonight. He's in his native Poland taking part in the "Match of Stars," a charity game featuring past European greats. Nowak, who will suit up for the Stars of Europe, captained the Polish national team and earned 24 caps from 1990-98. He most notably played club ball for German first division club 1860 Munich, before coming to MLS and leading the expansion Chicago Fire to an MLS Cup title in 1998. Union assistant John Hackworth will fill in as head coach for tonight's game . . . Union forward Carlos Ruiz will play former teams back-to-back starting tonight with Los Angeles followed by a trip to FC Dallas on Saturday. Ruiz on the reunions: "I don't think I have anything to prove against LA or Dallas. I have great memories of playing for both, but I play hard and I don't plan to change that against either team" . . . Major League Soccer's title game will be played Nov. 20 at the Home Depot Center in Carson, Calif., for the fourth time in nine seasons.


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NIHR HIC welcomes its 32nd collaborator, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde.
8 November 2022 Stephanie Little
We are pleased to welcome our 32nd collaborator, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde to the NIHR HIC, further information about the organisation is available at www.nhsggc.scot
NIHR HIC – Viral Hepatitis Theme publishes article on Wellcome Open Research
11 February 2022 Gail Roadknight
We are pleased to announce that the NIHR HIC Viral Hepatitis Theme has published an article titled 'Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine surveillance for adults with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the UK' which is available at Wellcome Open Research.
NIHR HIC welcomes its 30th collaborator, Croydon Health Service NHS Trust.
27 October 2021 Stephanie Little
We are pleased to welcome our 30th collaborator, Croydon Healthcare Services NHS Trust to the NIHR HIC, further information about the Trust is available at www.croydonhealthservices.nhs.uk
NIHR HIC welcomes its 29th collaborator, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust
29 July 2021 Gail Roadknight
We are pleased to welcome our 29th collaborator, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust to the NIHR HIC, further information about the Trust is available at https://alderhey.nhs.uk/.
NIHR HIC Critical Care Theme published paper in Critical Care Medicine
1 July 2021 Gail Roadknight
We are pleased to announce that the NIHR HIC Critical Care Theme has published a new paper titled 'Descriptors of Sepsis Using the Sepsis-3 Criteria – A Cohort Study in Critical Care Units Within the U.K. National Institute for Health Research Critical Care Health Informatics Collaborative' which is available at Critical Care Medicine.
NIHR HIC – Viral Hepatitis Theme publishes new paper in BMC Infectious Diseases
We are pleased to announce that the NIHR HIC Viral Hepatitis Theme has published its fifth paper, titled 'Hepatitis B virus (HBV) viral load, liver and renal function in adults treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) vs. untreated: a retrospective longitudinal UK cohort study' which is available at BMC Infectious Diseases. NIHR Oxford BRC news story can be found here.
NIHR HIC – Viral Hepatitis Theme publishes new paper in Hepatology Communications
30 April 2021 Gail Roadknight
We are pleased to announce that the NIHR HIC Viral Hepatitis Theme has published its fourth paper, titled 'Longitudinal Analysis of the Utility of Liver Biochemistry as Prognostic Markers in Hospitalized Patients With Corona Virus Disease 2019' which is available at Hepatology Communications, NIHR Oxford BRC news story can be found here.
Manchester BRC director highlights important NIHR HIC work
20 January 2021 Gail Roadknight
Professor Ian Bruce, Director of the NIHR Manchester shares the latest on Manchester's collaborations with the HIC in his monthly blog 'Bridging the Gap". Read more here…
NIHR HIC welcomes its 27th collaborator, Royal Berkshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
4 January 2021 Gail Roadknight
We are pleased to welcome our 27th collaborator, Royal Berkshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust to the NIHR HIC, further information about the Trust is available at https://www.royalberkshire.nhs.uk/


ORGANICS by Red Bull are made with ingredients from 100% natural sources and bear the organic logo of the European Union.
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ORGANICS by Red Bull don't contain artificial flavours, artificial preservatives or additives like phosphoric acid in line with EU Organic Regulation.
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They might have been unknown to the ancient Greeks and Romans, but these days, lemon trees and bushes grow in most subtropical and tropical regions of the world. The yellow fruit has an astringent and distinctive flavour.
Ginger is an aromatic, pungent root that has been used since ancient times in India and China. It is a popular spice in exotic foods.
Vanilla is the fruit of a maginificently blooming orchid. Fresh vanilla pods have no aroma. In order to develop their aroma and deep chocolate colour, the pods need to be air dried. The usage of vanilla dates back to Aztec Empire and it is still one of the most valuable flavourings in the modern world.
Galangal is a root and ia part of the ginger family. In the Western culture it is best known for its appearance in Thai and other Southeast Asian cuisine.
The bushy, evergreen Cinnamon tree is native to Sri Lanka and its neighbouring islands, whilst also being cultivated in South America. Cinnamon is one of the oldest spices in the world and was once more valuable than gold.
The kola nut is the fruit of the evergreen kola tree which grows in tropical regions. Kola nut extract has been used as a cola flavouring ingredient since the cola category was first established, but is nowadays often replaced by artificial flavourings. ORGANICS Simply Cola by Red Bull contains natural flavours derived from kola nut extract.
The Cacao tree is a tropical evergreen, which has been cultivated by Native Americans for more than 2000 years. Even the Aztecs already used cacao beans to prepare aromatic drinks.
Oranges are believed to be native to the tropical regions of Asia and to have been cultivated since ancient times. Orange trees as old as 50 to 80 years can still bear an abundance of fruit. Orange extract gives Simply Cola its natural and distinctive aroma.
Cardamom is native to the forests of Southern India but is also commonly cultivated in other tropical regions. The seed pods contain an essential oil and have a warm, slightly pungent and intensely aromatic flavour.
Mint is native to North America and Eurasia. Its essential oils have a characteristic scent and flavour, and a cooling effect when applied to skin. Its usage dates back to the ancient world.
The lime tree is widely grown in subtropical and tropical regions. The flesh of the lime fruit is tender, juicy, yellow- green in colour and has a distinctive, refreshing taste.
The nutmeg tree is an evergreen originating from the Maluku Islands - also known as the Spice Islands - in the Indonesian archipelago, which is now grown in most tropical regions across the world. The brown nutmeg seeds are covered with a crimson-coloured, husky structure called aril which is the source of mace. Mace is often used in dishes for its delicate flavour and the bright orange, saffron-like hue it imparts. It perfectly enhances the unique Simply Cola taste.
The clove tree is an evergreen native to Indonesia where it played an important part during the early spice trade. Clove has been used as a spice in the Western world since the Roman Empire.
The caramel sugar syrup in ORGANICS Simply Cola is obtained by the controlled heat treatment of sugar from organically farmed sugar beets. Caramel sugar syrup has a distinctive aroma and taste, giving Simply Cola its characteristic warm, brown colour.
The Bergamot is an evergreen citrus tree, which grows three to five meters high. The cultivation of the bergamot was introduced in the Mediterranean in the 17th century.
The china bark, also called cinchona, is an evergreen tree native to South America. China bark contains quinine which is often used to impart a bitter taste to soft drinks like tonic water.
Quassia is also know ad bitter-wood. Quassia is a botanical often used to impart a bitter taste to products like soft drinks, aperitifs and bitters.
Oranges are believed to be native to the tropical regions of Asia and to have been cultivated since ancient times. Orange trees as old as 50 to 80 years can still bear an abundance of fruit. Orange extract gives Bitter Lemon its natural and distinctive aroma.


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Phoenix Police play at Loma Linda School
Phoenix police recently played soccer, jump rope, and football with students at Loma Linda School as part of a partnership between Playworks, the Phoenix police department, and Loma Linda School. Read the KPHO/KTVK Phoenix story to see more great photos of the officers and students at play.
Introducing New Leadership in Arizona ›
Playworks Arizona is excited to announce the growth of our team. In the fall of 2022, Lori Adukeh joined us as the Regional Director of Arizona, bringing with her 30 years of experience in strategic planning and program management. Advancing in her board membership role, Davida Redmond, will be Playworks Arizona's new Board Chair to…
First Ever Arizona State Capitol Rock, Paper, Scissors Tournament! ›
Fun lunch time getaway had by all who joined Playworks for a game of rock, paper, scissors at the Arizona State Capitol on May 16, 2022. "The Grand Canyon State modeled true bipartisan leadership this week thru a lively round of Rock Paper Scissors at the State Capitol," Playworks Arizona Advisory Board Member Emily Anne…
Rock Paper Scissors Tournament at the Arizona State Capitol ›
PRESS RELEASE WHAT: Get ready to play in a Rock Paper Scissors Tournament at a free, live event at the Arizona State Capitol on Monday, May 16th from 12:00 p.m. – 12:30 p.m. at Rose Garden, 1700 W Washington St. Phoenix, AX 85007. When you play in this tournament, you'll be joining Playworks community members–kids…
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Top Online MBA Programs in New Jersey - 2021 Rankings
Posted by Staff. Last updated May 25, 2021.
Our 2021 rankings of the Top Online MBA Programs in New Jersey. For an explanation of ranking criteria, click here.
1 Rutgers University Camden
2 Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken
1. Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey
Chartered in 1766, Rutgers University is the eighth oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. Known as the Birthplace of College Football, Rutgers serves more than 71,000 students from all 50 states and 125 countries, making it one of the nation's largest schools by enrollment. More than 150 undergraduate programs and over 200 graduate programs of study are offered in 29 schools and colleges.
Rutgers Business School offers an MBA program that is delivered entirely online. Students in the Rutgers-Camden Online MBA may attend classes year-round, full or part-time, and they may choose from Fall, Spring, and Summer starting points. The 42 credit hour program allows students to learn "in real-time about challenges and solutions that cross disciplines," says the school, with a focus "on the key areas of business." The program also offers "an extensive selection of elective courses that cover every avenue of modern business including marketing, finance, IT, and human resources."
Graduate Certificates allow students to "delve deeper into" a specialty area that matches their career interests and goals. Options include Business Analytics, Digital Marketing, Investment & Private Wealth Management, Modern Financial Technology (FinTech), and Strategic Leadership.
More than 300 current MBA students have the opportunity to travel abroad to satisfy one, three-credit elective requirement. Those who choose the study abroad option will be given the opportunity to meet with top executives and solve real-life international business challenges. There will also be an opportunity to experience cultural activities on the weekends and evenings. Just a few study abroad locations include Brazil, China, Cuba, Panama, Portugal, South Africa, and South Korea.
Graduates of the AACSB-accredited Rutgers-Camden Online MBA program will learn to "make knowledgeable decisions and become a respected leader, increase their influence by employing management skills to guide their teams and companies, better analyze problems and clearly articulate effective solutions, and expand their network and connect with notable Rutgers alumni, classmates, and faculty."
Other program highlights include small class sizes, learning tools and tutoring, access to student coaches and advisors, a 169% return on investment, and Focused Learning Modules that allow students to "build expertise" in their career area. Modules include Business Analytics, Digital Marketing, Investments & Private Wealth Management, and Strategic Leadership.
Graduates of the Rutgers-Camden Online MBA have gone on to successful careers at Aramark, Christie's, Comcast, Deutsche Bank Securities, Easterseals, Ernst & Young, JP Morgan, Lockheed Martin, Morgan Stanley, Prudential, Shell Oil, Subaru, US Bancorp, the US Navy, Verizon, Westinghouse Lighting Corp., and many others.
2. Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey
Founded in 1870, Stevens Institute of Technology, The Innovation University™, serves more than 6,800 students annually enrolled in more than 100 programs at all levels. Academic offerings are organized and delivered by three schools and one college focused on Business, Engineering & Science, the Humanities, and Systems & Enterprise.
The School of Business at Stevens Institute of Technology offers a fully online MBA program that "emphasizes the potential of technology, data and analytics, with students learning how to interpret information and use it to make the best decisions for their enterprise." Students in this 39 credit hour program will collaborate with one another through group projects and presentations, while developing creativity and critical thinking skills "through the incorporation of the latest faculty research in management, analytics, innovation and marketing."
The AACSB-accredited Stevens Online MBA also highlights a Field Consulting Program that pairs students with a partner company to help solve a "real problem" or assess a potential opportunity for a partner company. Field Consulting Program projects "span a range of interests, from business process design, supply chain management and technology assessment to market research, innovation adoption and customer relationship management."
Graduates of the Stevens Online MBA Program enjoy a 93% employment rate within three months of graduation. Many have gone on to secure high-profile positions at Google, Goldman Sachs, and others.
Top Online MBA Programs in New Jersey - 2022 College Rankings
Top Online MBA Programs in Mississippi - 2021 Rankings
Top Online MBA Programs in Kansas - 2021 Rankings
Top Online MBA Programs in Ohio - 2021 Rankings
Rankings New Jersey
© 2023 Online MBA Report


As a part of The Jamjar's February calendar of one-day interactive workshops, Meditative Art workshop is dedicated to love. Participants will get to create an "I Love Myself' collage using a Theta healing technique, and instructor Victoria Parrucci, will help them explore self-love and love for others. Entry starts at Dhs 189.


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Q: SQLAlchemy placeholder do not work well I construct SQL statement as a string literal, and pass it to SQLAlchemy execute method.
To avoid the SQL injection, I used the place holder, but it's not work well.
When I used special words like, "!, &", it become error.
p.s I use flask-sqlalchemy
This is the code.
sql = ""
sql += "SELECT count(*) "
sql += "FROM mytable, to_tsquery('english',%(kstr)s) query "
sql += "WHERE query @@ tsv "
res = db.engine.execute(sql, kstr = keyquery)

keyquery is search words, and if keyquery include special words like as '!, &'
it become error....
This is error message, it contains Japanese because of my machine environment.
ProgrammingError: (ProgrammingError) tsquery内の構文エラー: "USA!"
"SELECT count(*) FROM mytable, to_tsquery('english',%(kstr)s) query WHERE query @@ tsv " {'kstr': u'USA!'}

Now, I'm skkiping NG words as this.
keyquery = .replace("!'","").replace('$','')......

But, this way, I cannot search words that includes special words, like as 'USA!'
How can I solve the problem ?

A: Try plainto_tsquery() instead of to_tsquery(). Relevant PostgreSQL full text search documentation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Indulge in philosophy's most-loved fresh cream scent. And stay stocked up with this Auto-Delivery plan; you'll receive future shipments approximately every four months for three years.
The moisturizing formula contains macadamia seed and olive fruit oils, and shea butter, to help hydrate and soften skin.
philosophy fresh cream body lotion 32 oz Auto-Delivery is rated 3.5 out of 5 by 13.
Rated 4 out of 5 by Blessed Kim from Fresh Cream body lotion vs fresh cream soufflé I like the feel of the body lotion it's nice for daily use it's not as sticky as the glazed soufflé can be sometimes. I like the scent of both but love the scent of the glazed body soufflé more because it's sweeter. I wish the lotion smelled like the soufflé with the lotions consistency. It's good lotion and I like it, it just needs a little more oomph to the scent.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Debbie Jo from Love this lotion !!!! I love this lotion !!! Great value for the size. It smell so , so , good. I wouldn't be without it.
Rated 3 out of 5 by Ronnie 1 from Did You Notice? I have used fresh cream lotion , cream, and spritz. Loved them. The last bottle of spritz , had a bad smell. Doesn't smell at all like fresh cream. I used vanilla fig spritz and body cream, it has NO smell. Is this true for anyone else? Have these products been changed so much that we will have to look for another brand?
Rated 5 out of 5 by Nanaw2 from Wonderful Smelling and Great Body Lotion I love this cream. It has a light wonderful scent that wouldn't offend others and the cream is wonderful on the skin. I use this all the time.
Rated 5 out of 5 by SDover from Love this lotion! It's pricy, but I love this lotion! It doesn't leave you feeling sticky, or you've put too much on. I wish it was sold in two pack at a better price.
Rated 1 out of 5 by teateasgrmy from Way Toooooo sweet! This smells EXACTLY like marshmallow cream. May use it on my grandchildren, but not on me!
Rated 2 out of 5 by goldenhair29 from Wrong choice I wanted the body wash but accidentally clicked the wrong one so I got lotion. I called QVC for help and he said it was user error. That's why I called you, I said..after I realized I made a mistake.!The guy gave me such a hard time about it!! Very upsetting. I may not buy any more Philosophy after that. Usually friendly but not this time.
Rated 2 out of 5 by choppy from sand in it? I love this stuff.... but I think I got a bad batch. It's got sand or something in it. It feels gritty when I put it on. Too late to return. Not real happy. Quality control is lacking a lot at QVC lately.


When you were little, adventures happened close to home. Your backyard transformed into fantasy worlds. A camping trip out behind the house was means for celebration and excitement. All you needed was a healthy imagination. A USA vacation should be like those days as a kid. Within a few hours by plane, you could be lounging on a beach overlooking the serene waters of Hawaii, letting your worries float away on the tropical breeze. You could be staring in awe at the natural beauty of majestic mountains of the Alaska Range or Canadian Rockies, and wildlife like eagles, moose and bears, or admiring the view of the magnificent Grand Canyon. USA vacations or Canada vacations may be closer to home, but it's still ripe with adventure, luxury and sights to behold.
Search for select USA vacation offers and tours above, or CONTACT US to plan your trip.
Thank you for putting together a FABULOUS 3 week honeymoon! Via Rail was awesome, the Fairmont hotels and locations throughout Canada were SPECTACULAR! We can not even put into words the gorgeous sites we have seen and all the things we have done! It could not have been possible without your relentless help and effort! Everything was perfect!
Bennett and I want to thank you for arranging our Columbia River cruise. We loved the cabin size and the location. The trip was very enjoyable and quite informative. Where are we going next?


Mr. Hoyle has been in the private practice of law since the conclusion of his judicial clerkship with the Honorable Clarkson S. Fisher, Jr., in 1995. Prior to organizing Hoyle Law, LLC, Mr. Hoyle was a partner at Cleary, Alfieri, Jones & Hoyle where he was charged with the handling of all Chancery, Probate and Elder Law matters for the firm. Mr. Hoyle has been appointed Fiscal Agent and Custodian of various business entities with substantial assets, as well as Guardian, Special Medical Guardian, Conservator and counsel for incapacitated persons by the New Jersey Superior Court. Mr. Hoyle is often appointed by the Court as a certified mediator in litigation involving familial disputes.
Mr. Hoyle is a Certified Master Guardian (MG) by the Center for Guardianship Certification. He is also the Chairman of the Chancery Practice Committee of the Monmouth County Bar Association. Mr. Hoyle is also a member of the National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys, National Guardianship Association, Guardianship Association of New Jersey, Monmouth County Bar Association and the New Jersey Bar Association. Mr. Hoyle is also a Councilman in the Borough of Interlaken and serves as Police Commissioner for the Borough.


Premium-quality force gauge manufactured by Sauter, FH-M force gauges include a wide variety of features including peak hold, real time and statistical analysis. Includes a sample rate of 2000Hz with an accuracy of 0.5%.
The Adam Equipment GC Counting Indicator is a fully featured counting indicator, the GC offers a numeric keypad for unit weight and sample entry and a large backlit display to show unit weight, total weight and number of pieces. With valuable features like check counting included the GC offers the ability to warn the user when a pre-defined count has been reached.
Fast and accurate counting indicator for scales. Perfect for accurate check counting of tools, electrical components, parts and other products.
The Adam Equipment AE402 has washdown capabilities and is well-suited for food processing plants or shipping and receiving areas. The sealed stainless steel housing is IP66-rated, so it can be hosed down or lightly pressure washed after use. A large LCD with 40mm-high digits that are easily viewed under any lighting conditions, reducing user error.


One of the most intriguing genre films to be hitting this year's SXSW Film Festival is Kevin Kölsch and Dennis Widmyer's Starry Eyes, a freakish body horror flick that sheds a terrifying light on what a young actress is willing to do to become a star in Hollywood. Just a couple of days ago we were hit with a fantastic skin-crawling teaser trailer that gave us a great look at the film, but now we've been treated to a rather creepy festival poster for the occult horror flick!
The poster is amazing, which should come as no surprise because the talented mind behind it was none other than Jaw Shaw. In it we see a sacrifice at the forefront of the piece with the faint, ghostly image of the Hollywood sign in the background. The poster creates the perfect kind of eeriness that we saw from the teaser trailer. I really can't wait to check this one out!
Alexandra Essoe, Amanda Fuller, Fabianne Therese, Noah Segan, Pat Healy and Shane Coffey all star. Thanks to the folks over at Indiewire for the first look!
Witness true evil in Scott Derrickson's Deliver Us From Evil trailer!


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Agri sector may not be hit by lockdown; likely to grow 2.5% in FY21: Crisil
by admin | Jun 16, 2020 | Blogs | 0 comments
"Source:- Business Standard"
Even as coronavirus pandemic has impacted many sectors, the agriculture could be the only bright spot as real agriculture is likely to witness a 2.5 per cent growth in 2020-21, according to a report.
The report by Crisil Research however listed risks such as any likely impact of locust attacks and impact of lockdown on horticulture produce.
With the pandemic and the ensuing lockdown, demand for horticultural produce is likely to be impacted more than that of food grains.
Food grains have the government's minimum support price (MSP) and procurement support, the report explained.
The government has announced MSP hike for 14 kharif crops, assuring farmers 50-83 per cent returns on their cost of production, it added.
However, horticulture produce is highly perishable in nature and its wholesale prices collapsed in April despite a sharp reduction in their mandi arrivals.
Also a number of standing crops, horticulture produce, which was not harvested because of problems in selling, witnessed locust attacks, the report said.
Similarly, demand for flowers has collapsed as religious places are shut down and marriage ceremonies are kept in abeyance or muted, it added.
Livestock, milk is the largest contributor to this sector with a two-thirds share, followed by meat and a very small share of eggs.
Fortunately, milk consumption from the household segment has remained largely stable despite the lockdown.
Demand from the hotels and restaurants segments, which contributes 15-20 per cent to total milk consumption, has collapsed but is expected to pick up gradually once the lockdown is lifted.
Going forward, the report opined that growth in agriculture and allied activities this fiscal hinges on a bumper food grains production coupled with a normal monsoon.
Horticulture might have to bear some burns because of perishability, it said.
Milk, which comprises the biggest chunk of livestock, is expected to do well and on the other hand, meat, eggs, fishing and aquaculture are likely to face a prolonged impact, as there is a tendency to reduce consumption of non vegetarian food during the pandemic.
A fall in exports in these commodities too is expected to hem in demand, but with the contribution of these items in the agriculture and allied activities sector being relatively lower, the overall agricultural growth may stay resilient, it added.


No recipe really, simply layer strawberries, raspberries and blueberries, with Bisquick shortcakes in a jar and top with whipped cream! Happy 4th of July!!
Follow the instructions on the Bisquick box for shortcakes; bake and cool completely.
In a large bowl, gently toss berries with 2 tablespoons sugar.
Layer berries and shortcake in jars and top with whipped cream. Enjoy!