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3 Prophetic Warnings From America's Founding Fathers That Have Gone Unheeded
One of the human race's favorite games, according to G.K. Chesterton, is called "Cheat the Prophet." In this age-old game, the players listen to what wise or clever men say, and when they die, they bury them nicely and go an do something different.
As it is about that time when we celebrate the birth of American independence and remember the trials our Founding Fathers endured, the wisdom they imparted, and the genius of the system we have inherited from them. And since they have all been buried nicely, we have gone and made something rather different.
Here are just three of the many warnings and predictions those wise men passed to us, but that have been ignored to our peril.
Ben Franklin on Paying Congress
During the Constitutional Convention in 1787, Benjamin Franklin rose to make a radical proposal: that no salary be given to the lawmakers.
"Sir, there are two passions which have a powerful influence in the affairs of men. These are ambition and avarice—the love of power and the love of money. Separately, each of these has great force in prompting men to action; but, when united in view of the same object, they have, in many minds, the most violent effects."
While attributed a number of evils to the idea of a paid legislature, citing the dual benefit of honor and money for serving as an elected official "the true source of all those factions which are perpetually dividing the nation, distracting its councils, hurrying it sometimes into fruitless and mischievous wars, and often compelling a submission to dishonorable terms of peace."
Franklin also prophesied the sort of elected officials that would be found in the future United States of America:
"And of what kind are the men that will strive for this profitable preeminence, through all the bustle of cabal, the heat of contention, the infinite mutual abuse of parties, tearing to pieces the best of characters? It will not be the wise and moderate, the lovers of peace and good order, the men fittest for the trust. It will be the bold and the violent, the men of strong passions and indefatigable activity in their selfish pursuits. These will thrust themselves into your government and be your rulers."
Franklin's fellow framers of the Constitution disagreed, and deciding on a rate of pay was deferred to the first session of the new Unites States congress two years later. The idea was that a reasonable, or moderate salary would be sufficient. The first pay legislators received was a per diem of $6 a day, which would equate, after considering inflation, to a 2014 salary of $56,210 for a 365 day year, or $19,509.84 for 126 days in actual session, such as the Congress had in 2013.
Franklin cautioned that even starting out with a reasonable goal would not remain so for long.
"Besides these evils, sir, tho we may set out in the beginning with moderate salaries, we shall find that such will not be of long continuance. Reasons will never be wanting for proposed augmentations; and there will always be a party for giving more to the rulers, that the rulers may be able, in return, to give more to them. Hence, as all history informs us, there has been in every state and kingdom a constant kind of warfare between the governing and the governed; the one striving to obtain more for its support, and the other to pay less. And this has alone occasioned great convulsions, actual civil wars, ending either in dethroning of the princes or enslaving of the people."
Today, regular members of the House of Representatives and Senate receive an annual salary of $174,000, plus pension and health care benefits. They also receive an allowance to defray the cost of doing official business: their office at the Capitol, their home office, travel back and forth to their home district and D.C., staff salaries, and other "representational duties." These annual allowances start at over $1.2 million for a Representative and $2.9 million for a Senator.
On top of this compensation, members of Congress may still draw an income from their investments, businesses, or other profitable ventures.
Clearly there has been a tremendous creep from a per diem of $6 ($154.84 in 2014 dollars) to compensate and cover expenses to the attractive compensation received by the current legislature. That $6 a day, paid for every day of the year, would equate to just a bit more than the median salary of a 2012 U.S. household of $51,371. Instead, it is more than three times that number, not counting at least a million dollar expense account.
Franklin was right on the inability to maintain a moderate rate of pay. What about everything else?
Compared to the rest of the over $3 trillion spending by the government each year, the compensation for congressional members is a huge drop in an overwhelmingly large bucket. The effects of a paid legislature are perhaps better seen in light of the financial motivation for the individual than the overall expense.
Is it any wonder that we have such an onslaught of negative campaign advertising, "the bustle of cabal, the heat of contention, the infinite mutual abuse of parties, tearing to pieces the best of characters" during every campaign year?
It is a small wonder that the approval ratings of Congress has remained low, for we have surely invited the "bold and the violent, the men of strong passions and indefatigable activity in their selfish pursuits" to be our lawmakers. If there is any lingering doubt about that, revisit some recent political campaign commercials on Youtube.
George Washington on Political Parties
Almost a decade after Franklin's prophetic warning, George Washington was coming to the end of his second term as President. A great deal of his now-famous Farewell Address consists in a warning about factions dividing the unity of the Unites States' government.
"The unity of government which constitutes you one people is also now dear to you. It is justly so, for it is a main pillar in the edifice of your real independence, the support of your tranquility at home, your peace abroad; of your safety; of your prosperity; of that very liberty which you so highly prize."
The threat to this unity would come from factions, predicted Washington, of geographical or other natures.
"… designing men may endeavor to excite a belief that there is a real difference of local interests and views. One of the expedients of party to acquire influence within particular districts is to misrepresent the opinions and aims of other districts. You cannot shield yourselves too much against the jealousies and heartburnings which spring from these misrepresentations; they tend to render alien to each other those who ought to be bound together by fraternal affection."
Washington described this "fatal tendency" that would put "in the place of the delegated will of the nation the will of a party, often a small but artful and enterprising minority of the community; and, according to the alternate triumphs of different parties, to make the public administration the mirror of the ill-concerted and incongruous projects of faction, rather than the organ of consistent and wholesome plans digested by common counsels and modified by mutual interests."
Regardless of the reasons for the factions forming, the would be led by the few and the powerful, a party machine, or "engine," as Washington refers to it, will lead to tyranny.
"However combinations or associations of the above description may now and then answer popular ends, they are likely, in the course of time and things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the people and to usurp for themselves the reins of government, destroying afterwards the very engines which have lifted them to unjust dominion."
Without quoting the bulk of Washington's address, he refers to the unchecked spirit of factions and party politics as a government's "greatest rankness" and that its "worst enemy," and a nightmare that can become "itself a frightful despotism"
"It serves always to distract the public councils and enfeeble the public administration. It agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms, kindles the animosity of one part against another, foments occasionally riot and insurrection. It opens the door to foreign influence and corruption, which finds a facilitated access to the government itself through the channels of party passions. Thus the policy and the will of one country are subjected to the policy and will of another."
Washington stated that it was the "interest and duty of a wise people to discourage and restrain [the spirit of party]" and that "there being constant danger of excess, the effort ought to be by force of public opinion, to mitigate and assuage it."
One would think that a constant reminder to elected officials would be useful in mitigating and discourage party politics. However, it is a long-standing tradition that Washington's Farewell Address is read each year in the Senate.
Rather than opposing political factions, public opinion and the press seem to have encouraged and, in the latter case, profited greatly from the existence of political parties. As a result, despite increasing interest in third-party politicians running for office, numerous barriers exist that favor the current two-party engines, from ballot restrictions keeping them off the ballot to the media keeping them out of the broadcasted debates. This is hardly "discouraging the spirit of party," but rather an encouraging of it.
The minority of people involved in running the two major political parties now have more say on who rules us than the majority of Americans; all we get to do is choose the lesser of two evils on election day.
Thomas Jefferson on Religious Liberty
In October of 1801, The Danbury Baptist Association wrote a letter to newly-elected President Thomas Jefferson, expressing concern about religious liberty. Specifically, they were concerned that the right to free religious expression was a favor of the government, sometimes granted begrudgingly and subject to revocation or revision:
"Our sentiments are uniformly on the side of religious liberty: that Religion is at all times and places a matter between God and individuals, that no man ought to suffer in name, person, or effects on account of his religious opinions, [and] that the legitimate power of civil government extends no further than to punish the man who works ill to his neighbor. But sir, our constitution of government is not specific… that Religion is considered as the first object of Legislation, and therefore what religious privileges we enjoy (as a minor part of the State) we enjoy as favors granted, and not as inalienable rights. And these favors we receive at the expense of such degrading acknowledgments, as are inconsistent with the rights of freemen."
Jefferson's response is now famous for the phrase "a wall of separation between Church and State," perhaps the most powerful phrase ever uttered in a private letter. Imagine if fellow Founding Father Benjamin Franklin's 1781 letter to the Royal Academy of Brussels would have had the same role in dictating U.S. scientific policy as Jefferson's letter to the Danbury Baptists!
Here is the full letter from Jefferson to the Danbury Baptists, dated January 1, 1802:
"Believing with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between man and his God, that he owes account to none other for his faith or his worship, that the legislative powers of government reach actions only, and not opinions, I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature would 'make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,' thus building a wall of separation between Church and State. Adhering to this expression of the supreme will of the nation in behalf of the rights of conscience, I shall see with sincere satisfaction the progress of those sentiments which tend to restore to man all his natural rights, convinced he has no natural right in opposition to his social duties."
The "wall" that Jefferson refers to in this personal letter has been used to quash religious expression, even when that private expression was, according to Jefferson, an inalienable, natural right.
There is even more context from Jefferson's writings, personal and official, that sheds more light on his attitude towards religious liberty and freedom of religious expression.
On November 20, 1808, the Methodist Episcopal Church of Pittsburgh wrote President Jefferson a note of thanks for his service .
"We were told by your enemies, on the commencement of your Precidential career; that your principles were such, as, totally to discountinance revealed religion; that we might burn our bibles, for the floodgates of infidellity, would be opened on the followers of Emanuel, and religion would be banished from the states of the union—But we are happy, and thankfull, that it is in our power to say, that so far from this haveing been the case; we have sat under our vine, and under our fig tree, worshiping God, agreeable to the dictates of our consciences, none making us affraid."
Jefferson responded a month later, calling the right to freedom of religious opinion and exercise "sacred":
"Having ever been an advocate for the freedom of religious opinion and exercise, from no person, certainly, was an abridgment of these sacred rights to be apprehended less than from myself.
In justice, too, to our excellent Constitution, it ought to be observed, that it has not placed our religious rights under the power of any public functionary. The power, therefore, was wanting, not less than the will, to injure these rights."
In a letter dated January 23, 1808 to the Reverend Samuel Miller, who asked President Jefferson to recommend a day of fasting and prayer, Jefferson wrote:
"I consider the government of the U S. as interdicted by the Constitution from intermeddling with religious institutions, their doctrines, discipline, or exercises. This results not only from the provision that no law shall be made respecting the establishment, or free exercise, or religion, but from that also which reserves to the states the powers not delegated to the U.S. Certainly no power to prescribe any religious exercise, or to assume authority in religious discipline, has been delegated to the general government. It must then rest with the states, as far as it can be in any human authority… Fasting & prayer are religious exercises. The enjoining them an act of discipline. Every religious society has a right to determine for itself the times for these exercises, & the objects proper for them, according to their own particular tenets; and this right can never be safer than in their own hands, where the constitution has deposited it."
Jefferson also referred to "fences" in writing to Noah Webster in 1790, which sheds some more light on his idea of freedom of religion and walls:
"That there are also certain fences which experience has proved peculiarly efficacious against wrong, and rarely obstructive of right, which yet the governing powers have ever shewn a disposition to weaken and remove. Of the first kind for instance is freedom of religion: of the second, trial by jury, Habeas corpus laws, free presses."
Here religious freedom is listed first as a fence against wrong, constantly under attack from governing powers with a "disposition to weaken and remove." Written twelve years before he assures the Danbury Baptists that the right to religious freedom is inalienable, natural, and ought to be secured against governmental interference by the "wall of separation" in the First Amendment.
Moving on from Jefferson's personal letters, let's look at some of his official statements on the matter:
"… no power over the freedom of religion, freedom of speech, or freedom of the press being delegated to the United States by the Constitution." (Kentucky Resolution, 1798)
"In matters of religion, I have considered that its free exercise is placed by the Constitution independent of the powers of the general [federal] government." (Second Inaugural Address, 1805)
Where, then, is the prophecy in all of this? In response to the Alien and Sedition acts, Jefferson authored the Kentucky Resolution of 1798, from which the following passage is taken:
"And that in addition to this general principle and express declaration, another and more special provision has been made by one of the amendments to the Constitution, which expressly declares, that 'Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press': thereby guarding in the same sentence, and under the same words, the freedom of religion, of speech, and of the press: insomuch, that whatever violated either, throws down the sanctuary which covers the others, arid that libels, falsehood, and defamation, equally with heresy and false religion, are withheld from the cognizance of federal tribunals."
Jefferson believed that the freedoms guaranteed by the First Amendment would survive or fail together, should any one of them become infringed upon by the government. That included the government being "interdicted by the Constitution from intermeddling with religious institutions, their doctrines, discipline, or exercises."
In our country today there are frequent enough stories of children in schools being told not to pray. The question of whether the federal government may require an individual or their business to alter their faith-guided practices or act against the doctrines of the faith they profess. Ironically, Jefferson's own words about a "wall of separation" are used by the governing powers to weaken and remove the fence of religious freedom. The metaphor has become more powerful than the meaning.
In Jefferson's opinion, if we lose the protection of religious freedom, we will quickly lose the freedom of speech and the press.
We have dismissed the predictions of Franklin and Washington, and we can see clearly that we have brought about the very things they warned would happen. Will we also fail to heed the warning of Jefferson about freedom of religious practice and religion?
On Being Where You Are
Rite of Initiation to the Ministry of St. Nicholas


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What time is Inside the Ritz Hotel on ITV and who is starring?
INSIDE The Ritz Hotel, a new series exploring one of the world's most prestigious and well known establishments, airs TONIGHT (July 3) on ITV.
The hotel has housed Margaret Thatcher and Charlie Chaplin, but what makes it so popular to the elite?
What is Inside The Ritz Hotel?
The brand new series explores the workings of one of the greatest hotels in the world.
ITV will have access to the establishment and learn how the brand has managed to stand out from a host of luxury hotels.
Famous faces including Richard E Grant, Anna Wintour and Mo Salah visit the hotel and we find out how they prepare their famous Afternoon Tea.
The Piccadilly hotel is where former prime minister Margaret Thatcher died in a private suite in April 2019.
Also, Fred Moore, who founded Woolworth, and Conservation Lord Steinberg passed away in the hotel.
When does Inside The Ritz Hotel start?
The series airs TONIGHT (July 3) on ITV from 8.00pm to 8.30pm, and is composed of four episodes.
Episode one will give viewers a glimpse of how the hotel is operated and what makes it one of the best hotels in the world.
Meanwhile, episode two will be broadcast the following Wednesday (July 10) from 8.00pm to 8.30pm.
The second show is going to follow executive chef John Williams as he prepares to launch the first ever cookbook that reveals The Ritz's most famous recipes.
Also, Penny Lancaster pops in for cocktails, and head concierge Michael De Cozar is celebrated for his 46 years of service.
Four interesting facts about The Ritz Hotel?
1) The Ritz has its own magazine, detailing the history of the establishment, as well as the latest news on the hotel. You can read it here.
2) There is a cocktail named after the actress Tallulah Bankhead, who drank champagne out of her size four black suede shoe during a press conference held at The Ritz in 1951.
Before slurping down the drink, she cried out: "Winston Churchill is my god! I'm just mad about England. I mean Britain…"
3) Charlie Chaplin was mobbed outside the famous hotel by fans when he arrived there in September,1921.
He had to be escorted inside by roughly 40 policeman and once inside he threw carnations from his balcony to his adorers.
4) The Ritz has inspired songs including Irving Berlin's 1927 song 'Puttin' on the Ritz', which became a popular phrase in 1911.
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Couto Misto (Portugees: Couto Misto; Galicisch: Couto Mixto; Spaans: Coto Mixto) was vanaf de twaalfde eeuw tot en met 1868 een onafhankelijke dwergstaat gelegen tussen Portugal en Spanje. Het land bestond uit de dorpen Santiago de Rubiás, Rubiás en Meaus, welke alle drie gelegen waren in de Salas-vallei en nu toebehoren tot Spanje. Het grondgebied van Couto Misto omvatte ook een kleine onbewoonde landstrook die nu deel uitmaakt van de Portugese gemeente Montalegre.

Als gevolg van het complexe middeleeuwse hofstelsel, bleef Couto Misto eeuwenlang uit zowel de Portugese als Spaanse handen, en functioneerde het de facto als een soevereine staat. Dit bleef zo tot het Verdrag van Lissabon in 1864, hetgeen het land verdeelde tussen Spanje en Portugal, waarvan het grootste deel werd overgenomen door Spanje.

Geschiedenis

Etymologie en ontstaan
Het woord couto (coto in het Spaans) is afgeleid van het Latijnse cautum of cautes en betekent zoveel als '(omheinde) plaats'. Hoewel de term aanvankelijk verwees naar de stenen die werden gebruikt om de grenzen van een bepaald gebied te markeren, werd het in de middeleeuwen gebruikt om te verwijzen naar bepaalde gebieden die, onder het feodalisme, waren vrijgesteld van het gezag van de koning en op economisch, politiek en gerechtelijk vlak een relatief grote autonomie kenden. Het woord bestaat ook in een aantal andere Galicische en Portugese toponiemen, onder welke Couto in Arcos de Valdevez, Couto in Barcelos en Couto de Esteves.

Verschillende historici hebben de oorsprong van Couto Misto gedateerd in dezelfde periode als de opkomst van het Koninkrijk Portugal, ergens rond de twaalfde eeuw. Aanvankelijk viel het gebied onder de jurisdictie van het kasteel van Picoña, maar kwam uiteindelijk terecht in handen van de adellijke huizen van Bragança en Monterei. Met het uitsterven van de coutos in Portugal, in gang gezet in 1692 en voltooid in 1790, werd Couto Misto bevrijd van het feodalisme en functioneerde het gebied als een de facto onafhankelijke staat tot aan de opsplitsing en annexatie in 1868.

Het woord misto of mixto, dat "gemengd" of "verbonden" betekent, verwijst waarschijnlijk naar de dubbele feodale banden van dit gebied met het hertogdom Bragança en het graafschap Monterei. Een andere interpretatie, gesteund door mondelinge overleveringen en middeleeuwse documenten (waar de termen mystigos of místicos worden gebruikt, wat mystiek betekent), verbindt de oorsprong van het land met de legende van een zwangere voortvluchtige prinses, naar verluidt (sint) Ilduaria Eriz. Ze vond in de dorpen van dit gebied haar toevluchtsoord en zou de moeder worden van sint Rudesind Guterri. Uit dankbaarheid werden aan de dorpen speciale privileges verleend. Deze verklaring is in zekere mate plausibel, aangezien Ilduaria Eriz, een van de belangrijkste Galicische aristocraten eind negende en begin tiende eeuw, heerste over een gebied waar onder andere Couto Misto onder viel.

Ontbinding
In 1864 werd door Portugal en Spanje het Verdrag van Lissabon ondertekend, wat het einde voor Couto Misto als onafhankelijk gebied betekende. Met het Verdrag van Lissabon bepaalden de twee landen hoe de grens eruit zou komen te zien. In 1868 werd dit officieel bekrachtigd en vond de annexatie van Couto Misto plaats. Het gros van het gebied, inclusief de drie dorpen, ging naar Spanje. Een dunne en onbewoonde landstrook in het zuiden kwam binnen de grenzen van Portugal te liggen.

Moderne geschiedenis
Later zijn de drie dorpen verdeeld tussen twee verschillende Spaanse gemeenten. De belangrijkste herinnering aan Couto Misto in dit gebied zijn de gemene gronden, welke het in alle drie de dorpen hebben overleefd en nog steeds door middel van volksvergaderingen functioneren. De gemene gronden in de drie dorpen vallen onder drie verschillende fondsen, die in 1976 zijn opgericht, en omvatten 654 hectare voor Rubiás, 452 hectare voor Santiago de Rubiás en 311 hectare voor Meaus. Dit gebied omvat het grootste deel van het grondgebied van wat vroeger Couto Misto was. De fondsen handhaven ook de gemeenschappelijke gronden op de strook land die nu deel uitmaakt van de Portugese gemeente Montalegre. Een complexe rechtszaak naar aanleiding van een windmolenpark dat hier werd gebouwd leidde tot een vergoeding van € 140.000 voor de fondsen. Inkomsten uit deze fondsen zijn van groot belang geweest voor de ontwikkeling van de gemeenschap in het gebied.

In 1998 werd de non-profitorganisatie Asociación de Amigos do Couto Mixto (Vereniging van Vrienden van Couto Misto) opgericht, wat werd gevolgd in 2003 gevolgd door de Asociación de Veciños do Couto Mixto (Vereniging van Bewoners van Couto Misto). De organisaties hebben samen de rol van de homens de acordo (mannen van overeenstemming) hersteld, waarbij één persoon elk dorp vertegenwoordigt, en de rol van de juiz honorário (ererechter) die elk jaar wordt benoemd tijdens een ceremonie in de kerk van Santiago de Rubiás. De arca das tres chaves (kist van de drie sleutels) is ook in ere hersteld. Elk van de sleutels wordt bewaard door de homens de acordo.

Politiek gezien heeft de kwestie van Couto Misto als historische staat geleid tot debatten en besluiten in de Galicische, Spaanse en Europese parlementen. In mei 2007 werd een motie besproken en met 303 stemmen goedgekeurd door het Spaanse parlement, waarin de onafhankelijkheid van Couto Misto als historische en culturele enclave wordt erkend en waarin wordt opgeroepen tot maatregelen die de sociaaleconomische ontwikkeling van het gebied bevorderen. Rond dezelfde tijd werd een gelijksoortige motie goedgekeurd door het Galicische parlement, waarin ook de historische onafhankelijkheid van Couto Misto werd erkend. In 2008 werd aan het Europees Parlement een schriftelijke vraag gesteld over de bijdrage van de Europese Unie aan de "heropleving" van Couto Misto. In 2016 werd, naar aanleiding van een soortgelijke ontwikkeling in Olivenza, een verzoek gedaan namens de inwoners van het gebied om een Portugese en Spaanse dubbele nationaliteit te krijgen.

Samenleving

Privileges
De inwoners van Couto Misto waren niet verplicht tot het aannemen van een bepaalde nationaliteit en konden ervoor kiezen om de Portugese, Spaanse of geen enkele nationaliteit kiezen. Als onafhankelijk gebied hadden de inwoners van Couto Misto verschillende privileges, zoals het recht op zelfbestuur en vrijstelling van de Portugese en Spaanse dienstplicht en belastingen, en konden ze asiel verlenen aan buitenlanders of buitenlandse strijdkrachten de toegang tot het gebied ontzeggen. Verder hadden de inwoners geen speciale vergunningen nodig om wapens te dragen, en mochten ze alle soorten gewassen telen, waaronder tabak, en mochten ze kopen en verkopen zonder douanerechten te moeten betalen.

Naast deze en andere privileges hadden de inwoners van Couto Misto het recht om te reizen op de caminho privilegiado ("bevoorrechte weg") van ongeveer zes kilometer lang, die vanuit Couto Misto via het Galicische Calvos de Randín richting het Portugese Tourém liep. Op deze weg konden Portugese en Spaanse autoriteiten niet handhaven. In de ogen van de Spaanse en Portugese autoriteiten bevorderde deze situatie de doorvoer van smokkelwaar en andere criminele activiteiten, wat uiteindelijk zou leiden tot de annexatie van het land in 1868.

Politiek en overheid
Couto Misto was een republiek met een systeem van directe democratie dat werd georganiseerd via volksvergaderingen. Als staatshoofd functioneerde de juiz (rechter), die door de bevolking werd gekozen, en welke diende samen te werken met de homes de acordo, die als vertegenwoordigers van hun dorp dienden en waarvan er vanuit elk dorp één werd gekozen. Uitsluitend mannen hadden kiesrecht. Kiezers konden de gekozen vertegenwoordigers eventueel ook reeds vóór het einde van hun ambtstermijn uit hun functie ontheffen, als ze constateerden dat hij zijn functie onbehoorlijk vervulde.

Het archief van Couto Misto, inclusief de belangrijke documenten en de zegels, werden bewaarde in de zogenoemde arca das tres chaves. Deze houten kist werd bewaard in de sacristie van de kerk van Santiago de Rubiás, de hoofdstad van het land. Elk van de drie vertegenwoordigers bewaarde één sleutel. De inhoud van de kist werd tijdens de Spaanse Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog vernietigd door Franse troepen. In recente tijden is de kist gerestaureerd en weer in de kerk geplaatst, waar het een symbolische functie vervult.

Galerij

Literatuur
  García, Mañá Luís Manuel & Lobato, Xurxo. Couto Mixto: Unha república Esquecida. Vigo: Edicións Xerais de Galicia, 2005. .
  Brandão, Delfim Modesto. Interesante historieta del coto mixto. A Coruña: Imprenta de Tierra Gallega, 1907.

Historisch land in Portugal
Historisch land in Spanje

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Ренан ду Насименту Мота Пегаду (, более известный как Ренан Баран ; род. 31 января 1987, Натал, Бразилия) — боец смешанных единоборств, экс-чемпион Ultimate Fighting Championship в легчайшей весовой категории. Обладатель чёрного пояса по бразильскому джиу-джитсу.

Статистика боев

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Достижения
 Ultimate Fighting Championship
 Чемпион UFC в легчайшей весовой категории (1 раз)
 Одна успешная защита титула
 Временный чемпион UFC в легчайшей весовой категории (1 раз)
 Две успешные защиты титула
 Бой вечера (3 раза)
 Выступление вечера (1 раз)
 Нокаут вечера (1 раз)
 Удушающий/болевой приём вечера (1 раз)

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Примечания

Ссылки

 Ренан Баран на Fight TIMЕ
 Ренан Баран на сайте КиноПоиск

Бойцы смешанных единоборств Бразилии
Чемпионы Ultimate Fighting Championship


text:
FashionRise
Peir Wu
Fresh out of Central Saint Martins, the London-based Singaporean designer takes on alien menswear with sculpted shapes and modern textiles
Peir Wu9
Based on an alien tribe of men from an imaginary planet, 21-year-old Singaporean designer Peir Wu's new Spring Summer collection for 2012 combines futuristic ideals with classic concepts of knitwear and tailoring. Now based in London, the Central Saint Martins graduate brings together sculptured bodices with modern knitted pieces for a utopian fantasy. Inspired by piano composer Phillip Glass, the new collection is her debut solo venture after working with the likes of Raf Simons in Antwerp. Dazed speak to Wu about her unique use of fabrics and shapes in her new work...
Dazed Digital: Do you have any preferences with materials/fabrics or does it rely on what your concept is?
Peir Wu: It really depends on what excites me at the moment in time. The material just has to feel right. When I start seeing possibilities with it. For my graduation collection I was absolutely obsessed with a rib jersey which had a lot of integrity to its form and structure and developed new unique finishings that are true and sensitive to the nature of the materials used. It's a very intense and intuitive process.
DD: Describe your latest collection?
Peir Wu: I envisioned a tribe of men on another planet not too different from ours, stripped of everything superfluous and much more focused about the way they lived. I reduced menswear into something that was based on the simplest components that I could think of. It was in kind of opposition to this very evolved wardrobe or this so-called formulaic way of designing a collection for men. Through the limitations of a completely pared down collection, I started to work intuitively with a different set of patterns and possibilities: the juxtaposition of a long sweater with subtle curves enhanced by belts worn in combination with carefully considered slits in the bodice.
It was almost a very primordial approach: focusing on the materials alone, very basic graphic shapes, and a very strong mood. I also developed a new textile technique: the rib knit looks as if it's coated with a thick layer of paint at first, but over time with wear, the top layer frays and wears thin or even frays off in chunks to reveal the base layer underneath. The result was a very engineered, emotional, and Utopian collection.
DD: What do you try to keep in mind during your creative process?
Peir Wu: I allow my ideas to grow in a very intuitive manner. It's an action reaction process: experimenting. building up. tearing down. I always keep in mind to stay calm during my creative process, this is very important for me to maintain a high level of intuition with my environment and work and a certain level of detachment allows me to solve problems rationally and creatively. However, I'm highly self-critical with the execution of the final product. It's great to experiment with and develop new techniques and silhouettes, but it's most important that the end result is flawless and effortless, worn and appreciated by a discerning crowd.
DD: Why did you choose menswear?
Peir Wu: I struggled when i had to decide between menswear or womenswear when i was offered a place in saint martins. menswear was a very nebulous path, but because i found it so alien it was exciting, so i went with my gut and took the plunge.
DD: Who are your favourite designers?
Peir Wu: Graziano Visintin, and most of the jewellers from the Padua School. David Watkins for his sustained invention and development in jewellery forms, materials and technologies. Ettore Sottsass - beautiful sketches full of intense colours. Theseus Chan of Werk. He makes such beautiful experimental printed matter: for one of his latest isssues, each cover is hand coloured using various medium like chalk, crayon and graphite. and the magazine was filled with drawings from psychedelic artist Keiichi Tanaami, so raw and surreal. Absolutely loved it.


text:
Top StoriesNewsFallen HeroesCommunityPolice TalkAsk A Cop
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Hero Down: Hill County Sheriff's Sgt. Jeffrey Winningham Succumbs To Cancer
byHolly Matkin
Hill County Sheriff's Office Sergeant Jeffrey Winningham devoted 23 years of his life to his law enforcement career.
Waxahachie, TX – Hill County Sheriff's Office (HCSO) Sergeant Jeffrey "Jeff" Winningham died on Nov. 28, following a long battle against cancer.
Sgt. Winningham was originally diagnosed with Stage 3 rectal cancer on Dec. 11, 2017, according to a fundraising campaign that was established at the time.
"Jeff's cancer returned very aggressive in nature and was not responsive to any treatment they tried," his wife, Jessica, explained on an updated fundraising page in June. "We have exhausted all means of treatment at this point and have been told it is inoperable as well as incurable."
The 47-year-old sergeant passed away at his residence on Thanksgiving, according to his obituary.
"It's with great sorrow that we announce the passing of Sgt Jeff Winningham," the HCSO said in a Facebook post later the same day. "Jeff fought a valiant fight against the cancer that ultimately took him from his family and friends much too soon."
"We will miss his infectious smile and great sense of humor, but he will always be in our hearts," the department said. "Please keep his family, both blood and blue, in your thoughts and prayers."
Sgt. Winningham served with the Waxahachie Police Department and the Ellis County Sheriff's Office before he joined the HCSO, according to his obituary.
His law enforcement career spanned 23 years.
"Jeffrey lived life to the fullest and enjoyed spending time with his family and friends," his obituary read. "He was quick to bring a smile to everyone's face."
Sgt. Winningham leaves behind his wife, Jessica, as well as his children, Nicholas, Hailey, and Lanese.
He is also survived by his mother, sisters, and many nieces, nephews, and cousins.
Sgt. Winningham was laid to rest on Tuesday.
Our thoughts and prayers are with the family of Hill County Sheriff's Office Sergeant Jeffrey "Jeff" Winningham, both blood and blue. Thank you for your service.
Rest easy, hero. We'll hold the line from here.
bryantrent
He is in n a Safe Place
Hero Down: RPPD Ofcr Edward Nortrup Dies Of Self-Inflicted Gunshot After Crash
Roselle Park Police Officer Edward Nortrup served his department for 13 years.
EditorHolly Matkin
Hero Down: Honolulu Police Officer Kaulike Kalama Murdered In Ambush Attack
Honolulu Police Officer Kaulike Kalama was murdered in the line of duty by an active shooter on Sunday.
Hero Down: Jonesboro Police Department K9 Gabo Dies After Medical Issue
Jonesboro Police Department K9 Gabo served his department for seven years.
Hero Down: Honolulu Police Officer Tiffany Enriquez Murdered In Ambush Attack
Honolulu Police Officer Tiffany Enriquez was murdered in the line of duty by an active shooter on Sunday.
Hero Down: Sandy City Police Chief William O'Neal Dies After Medical Emergency
Sandy City Police Chief William "Bill" O'Neal was one of three officers who helped rescue Elizabeth Smart.
Hero Down: LACSD Det. Amber Leist Fatally Hit By Car While Helping Elderly Woman
Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department Detective Amber Joy Leist died in the line of duty on Sunday morning.
Hero Down: PCSO Deputy Benjamin 'Ben' Neel Dies After Brain Surgery And Stroke
Pine County Sheriff's Office Deputy Benjamin Neel served his department for over 16 years.
Hero Down: Fruitland Police Officer Spencer Wiersberg Succumbs To Rare Cancer
Fruitland Police Officer Spencer Wiersberg, 23, received numerous awards and commendations during his short career.
Hero Down: Bryan County Deputy Jarid Taylor Killed In Crash Responding To Call
Bryan County Sheriff's Deputy Jarid Taylor was killed on Jan. 14 when he wrecked en route to an emergency call.
EditorSandy Malone
Hero Down: SJCSO Correctional Sgt. Cesar Fuentes Killed In Motorcycle Crash
San Joaquin County Sheriff's Office Correctional Sergeant Cesar Fuentes was also a 12-year Marine Corps veteran.


text:
<?php defined('BX_DOL') or die('hack attempt');

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            'module' => $this->MODULE,
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Santharian Development Forum Organization and General Discussions Non-Santharian Stuff: Life, the Universe & Everything What are you listening to?
Author Topic: What are you listening to? (Read 14389 times)
Alexandre Scriabin
Re: What are you listening to?
« Reply #15 on: 14 January 2011, 07:36:52 »
Quote from: Coren FrozenZephyr on 14 January 2011, 03:32:44
Boring? I love Vivaldi's Largo
I would recommend the original score though, with a string ensemble. I have to admit I was not impressed with the reduction/modernisation. The Baroque character, which made the piece so charming imo, is completely gone.
I cannot recall the full numbering off the top of my head, but I think the piece is the Largo from Antonia Vivaldi's Concerto for Flute, Strings and (Basso continuo?) in C Major
How sad it is that people like you and I, who strive for more of an HIP interpretation, have to be seen as elitists.
You know, it was said once that Vivaldi could write a concerto faster than you could play one. I can well imagine that a good portion of the people who have heard Vivaldi haven't heard anything else than his concertos.
But, his sacred works are definitely worth mentioning. Here, have a look at my play list of him:
http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=CB568F8288741873
If you go down until you see it says "Vivaldi Magnificat" then you reached the sacred works.
"If there is anyone here whom I have not insulted, I beg his pardon."
Oh, you two elitist jerks!
I did not say, that I don't like Vivaldi (or dislike his Largo) , I said, that the flute in this piece is boring compared to the pieces in "Die neue Flöte".
Actually, the CD I listend to most frequently in the last two years or so, to the dismay of my family, is Cecilia Bartoli's Vivaldi Album. See, I know more than the 'Le quattro stagioni)'
Hmmm? I was actually referring to the stereotype of the classical music connoisseur who prefers HIP performances. It didn't have anything to do with you, my dear.
Ecstasy. Not sure if it can be called a drug or not, because of how it's affecting me
Mstislav Rostropovich plays the Gavotte and Gigue from Bach's Cello Suite No. 6 in D major, BWV 1012. Filmed at the Basilique Sainte Madeleine, Vézelay, Yvonne, France in 1991.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGfykyQ0_So
I'm listening to Cziffra play Liszt's Valse Impromptu.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRD5RralCgA
It's a pretty famous recording, and a widely recognized composer and piece, so it shouldn't be huge news to anyone into Romantic piano music.
Athviaro Shyu-eck-Silfayr
Gained Aura: 64
Tenfold. This is the taster, as the full song is not online, but you can listen to it free on Spotify or buy it on iTunes.
"I don't care what you did as a boy."
"Well, I did nothing as a girl, so there goes my childhood." - Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire, The Gay Divorcee, 1934.
The Life and Works of Athviaro Shyu-eck-Silfayr
Kalta'hnk - My ramblings on anything to do with the Glandorians - The Glandorian Men (Proposal)
I'm listening to Stefan Jeschko play Grieg's ballade in G minor.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2xKkW944ig
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJZVa47zgWk
aadoth
« Reply #22 on: 27 May 2011, 18:50:50 »
The blood boil in my ears as I try to find the "Ask NecroMage thread" on this website!
Deklitch Hardin
Elf friend
Master aadoth!
I think maybe you are looking for the Adventures of Caelereth development forum. It is over that away
* Deklitch Hardin points.
"And pray that there's intelligent life somewhere out in space, because there's none at all down here on Earth." - Monty Python's The Meaning of Life
Val O´Neil
Flutterby Oddity
I am listening to the cranking of gears in my braiiins.
Developement Schedule
Nature is our wildest home. It includes the oceans that provide our rain, the trees that give us air to breathe, the ancestral habitats we shared with countless kinds of animals that now exist only by our sufferance or under our heel.-Edward Hoagland
Don't know why aadoth is looking for NecroMage in this particular thread, but I give you some of my favourite music instead.
Rebekah del Rio - Llorando (Scene from one of the greatest movies of all times, "Mulholland Drive" by David Lynch).
Ah yes, and there's that sentence I always wanted to say: Remember, it's all recorded!
Kalína Dalá'isyrás
Dalá'isyrás
Um...don't mind my *VERY* lost husband.
John Denver - Calypso
Insanity is only a perception made by those who have yet to attain its greatness. While those of us who have already stepped inside its bounds find bliss in our utter madness.
Draconic Development Schedule
Shabakuk Zeborius Anfang
Arti, that's my favourite moment from Mulhulland Drive, and one of my favourite scenes from all of cinema. I remember the first time I saw and heard this. Half-way through the song, I was close to tears myself. The shock that followed was almost humiliating. Clever chap, that Lynch guy.
And thanks for the John Denver track, Kalina. Calypso is one of those songs that I know by ear and like, but never knew the name of until today.
The greatest danger in life is that you may take too many precautions.
Ding-dong!
Oh, don't know, that film, seems I should go and watch it?
So much to Calypso...
Dieses Video enthält Content von SME. Es ist in deinem Land nicht verfügbar.
Das tut uns leid.
Art's piece let me think at one of my favourite singers, Mercedes Sosa. Unfortunately you tube won't show me a good version of Toda Cambio (look for it) , but that one is nice also.
You may like this one also.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=icrCSlBGkl0&feature=related
Spanish and French definitely are great languages to convey strong emotions, agree with that!
Great to hear that you're with me on "Mulholland Drive", Shab! That one blew me really away - just great how well Lynch has put it all together! And there are very few movies that manage to do that. Another great example of a similarly fantastically constructed film is e.g. the classic "Don't Look Now" with Donald Sutherland (Roeg, 1973), where a director manages to really hit you hard that it hurts... No CGI monsters required for that
@Talia: If you like movies where the film only really begins after the film has ended, "Mulholland Drive" is a masterpiece in this respect... Though it's a Lynch film, so be prepared for everything - I guess that one will stay in the mind
On a lighter note, some 60s stuff from "Mulholland Drive" if you feel like dancing:
I've Told Every Little Star
P.S. This is the girl!


Shot of a female juice bar owner taking payment from customer. Female customer paying for juice with credit card.
When starting your own company, there are so many different aspects of the business to juggle. One of the most important ones is how to receive the money from your customers or clients. Deciding on the right payment solutions from the beginning will save you money and stress in the future.
Although many entrepreneurs feel apprehensive about setting up the correct payment methods for their new business, taking these five steps will make the process easy and hassle-free.
What crosses your mind when you hear "sorry we don't accept cards" or read a sad sign on the wall saying "cash only"? You probably think "what a missed opportunity!" And you are right. Card payments have been around for over 50 years and nowadays they are advancing faster than ever before.
Boost sales and improve customer service. Accepting cards, you will get all those payments from customers who don't carry cash in their pockets. And what is more important, you will create a positive customer experience giving them a reason to come back.
More secure. It eliminates the risk of accepting a bad check, getting robbed or losing the money.
Save time and money. Avoiding physically taking the money to the bank will save you time. And as you will be holding less cash, you will be saving money on security.
Improve your cash flow. The money will be in your bank account in a couple of days. That means you won't be waiting for checks to clear and you won't have other billing issues.
Inexpensive processing rates. Online payments have higher processing fees than in-person because of the need to secure a payment gateway. These fees vary depending on the chosen merchant account and it is recommended to study the options in detail. In very general terms, the average cost for online business is around 2.5% and for in-person, roughly 2%.
Once you have made the decision to start taking card payments, it is crucial to compare the different options available and understand which one works best for you and your business.
Firstly, you will need a merchant account; and if you have an online business, you will also need a payment gateway. The merchant account will hold the funds until they are moved to your business bank account. On the other hand, the payment gateway is required to encrypt the information and process online payments securely.
If you don't have one yet, you will need to create a business bank account. If you are operating your business under your own name, you can use your personal account. But if you have a corporate name, it is recommended to set up a specific bank account for your commercial activity.
– Is their payment processing compatible with your system?
– What fraud protection services do they offer?
– How much is their transaction fee?
– What is the minimum contract length? And the cancellation cost?
– Are there any other hidden fees?
Standard Dial Up, which works over the phone line.
IP Based Terminal, which processes transactions using an Internet connection.
Wireless Credit Card Terminal, works over a wireless network.
Wireless Way Systems Terminal, a cell phone specially designed to transmit the payment information.
As you have seen, these five steps are very easy to follow. Whether you have an online or physical business, accepting card payments will help you consolidate your business and answer your clients' needs. All at the same time that it boosts your benefits and helps you make the most of your commercial transactions. Thus, with this many advantages, it will only take off stress and let you concentrate on managing your company.


text:
Râciu (în ) este satul de reședință al comunei cu același nume din județul Mureș, Transilvania, România.

Istoric
Satul Râciu este atestat documentar în anul 1305 sub denumirea de "Terra dor Rivch".

În anul 1481 din documentele oficiale se găsesc proprietarii terenului arabil, familia Somkereki.
În anul 1482, din ordinul lui Mátyás király (tradus rom. Matei Corvinul) pământurile din zonä intră în posesia lui Báthory István, familia Somkereki păstrând terenurile arabile, iar în 1483 și familia Meggyesi primește o parte din propietate din comuna Rych. În documentul din 7 aprilie 1492 Somkereki Erdélyi János cedeazá o parte din terenuri pentru Szentiványi Székely Miklos. În 1525 sub denumirea Ryew apar noi proprietari în zonă, familiile Alárdfi, Meggyes, Báthori, Futaki Nagy, Barcsai, Csapi, Betleni. În 1639 toate terenurile devin proprietatea lui I Rákoczi György.

Localizare
Satul Râciu este situat în partea centrală a Câmpiei Transilvaniei, în partea de NV a județului Mureș, pe DN15 (Târgu Mureș-Turda), la o distanță de 25 km de Târgu Mureș. Localitatea este străbătută de râul Comlod.

Vechea mănăstire
La mănăstirea de aici  era în 1765 preot Gabor, cantor Pop Gavril și clopotar Filip Cadar. În 1793 Gheorghe Șincai ajută sătenii în problema veniturilor mănăstirii. Atunci trăia aici Popa Iosif. O parte a hotarului satului s-a numit în trecut "Pădurea Mănăstirii".

Personalități
Gheorghe Șincai (1754-1816), istoric și filolog

Note

Râciu, Râciu


225mm x 20m. Primarily prevents cracking and misalignment in brick and block work, as well as providing extra strength. Galvanised steel.
Fix into mortar between brick courses leaving 25mm clearance from face of brickwork. All joints require an overlap of at least 75mm. EN 10142, DX51D Z275.
Sabrefix Brick Reinforcing Coil Galvanised DX275 225mm x 20m is rated 4.7 out of 5 by 3.
Rated 5 out of 5 by kapi from decent, slightly overpriced Feels strong, durable, yet is flexible, therefore easy to use. Would buy again.


text:
To what do I belong? Family, friends, region, tribe, religious denomination, ethnic groups, class, gender, race, work, neighborhood, country, political parties--in our daily lives we navigate between different markers, adjusting our speech patterns and behavior to the demands of each encounter, narrating to ourselves stories about how and why we come to occupy a particular place in the scheme of things. Poets and writers, playwrights and filmmakers, all specialize in translating these private narratives into public discourse. What surfaces in their imagination is designed to reach broad audiences, and these stories can then shape the very ways in which societies view themselves.
In a period of tumultuous change such as the present, a group of distinguished IWP alumni met in May of 2017 in Tangier (Morocco) to address the question: to what do I belong? And, can new ways of telling counter the eruption of extremism created in part by the inadequacy of prevailing narratives of belonging and inclusion?
Read the essays here or scroll down for a .pdf.
In addition to plays for stage, radio, and television, Karim ALRAWI is the author of two children's books, and of the novel Book of Sands (2015), which won the HarperCollins Best New Fiction Prize. His honors include the John Whiting Award (UK), the Samuel Beckett Award for the Performing Arts (UK), Parent Magazine's Gold Award for Children's Fiction (USA), National Playwriting Award (Canada) and several Canada Council for the Arts awards; he was twice a recipient of the Egyptian Ministry of Culture's Theatre and Youth Award for his plays. A former editor of the magazines Inquiry (UK) and Arabica (USA), he has taught creative writing at the University of Victoria, the University of British Columbia, the American University in Cairo, and elsewhere. He lives in Canada.
Said EL HAJI debuted in 2000 with [The Days of Shaytaan], which depicts the void between emigrant parents and their westernized children, and has since written many short stories, including "Little Hamid," which won the El Hizjra Literary Prize. In 2006 he published [Divine Demon], a fictionalized account of changing attitudes in The Netherlands' multicultural society, and in 2011 [The Announcement], a historical novel about pre-Islamic Mecca. Since 2012 he publishes regularly in the Dutch newspaper De Volkskrant. His most recent work [Get Up and Live, Father] (2013) is a collection of personal essays about patriarchal culture; [The Brothers Haji] is a novel-in-progress.
Alisa GANIEVA is a fiction writer and essayist from Dagestan (southern Russia), now based in Moscow. In 2009 she published Salam Dalgat! under a male pseudonym, winning the national Debut Prize. Her next novel appeared in the US in 2015 as The Mountain and The Wall; the most recent, shortlisted for the 2015 Russian Booker, will come out in the US in 2018 as Bride and Groom. In 2015 The Guardian listed her among the "30 most talented young people living in Moscow." Her stories, articles, and reviews are widely published, translated, and anthologized.
Harris KHALIQUE is the author of eight poetry collections, including Between You and Your Love (2004), Ishq ki taqveem mein (2006) and Melay mein (2012), which won the 2013 UBL Literary Excellence Award for Urdu poetry. His poems have been anthologized internationally. His collection of essays, Crimson Papers: Reflections on Struggle, Suffering and Creativity in Pakistan, appeared in 2017. A campaigner for workers', women's, and minority rights in Pakistan and abroad, Khalique contributes regularly to national and international news publications. He lives in Islamabad.
Birgül OĞUZ was among the winners of the 2014 European Union Prize for Literature for her second short fiction collection Hah (2012); her first, Fasulyenin Bildiği, appeared in 2007. A PhD candidate in English Literature at Boğaziçi University, she lectures on literature at independent academic institutions and theater houses in Istanbul.
Ukamaka OLISAKWE writes TV scripts (most recently the series "The Calabash"), essays, short stories, and has one novel, The Eyes of a Goddess (2012). Selected in 2014 by the Africa39 Project as one of the continent's most promising writers under the age of 40, she has had her work appear in the New York Times and on the BBC, and has been published in Jalada, Saraba, Sentinel Nigeria and Short Story Day Africa. She lives in Lagos.
Kiki PETROSINO is the author of three books of poetry: Witch Wife (2017), Hymn for the Black Terrific (2013) and Fort Red Border (2009). Her poems and essays have appeared in Best American Poetry, The New York Times, FENCE, Gulf Coast, Jubilat, Tin House and on-line at Ploughshares; she is also the co-editor of Transom, an on-line poetry journal. She teaches English at the University of Louisville, and directs the Creative Writing Program there. Her awards include a residency at the Hermitage Artist Retreat, and research fellowships from the University of Louisville and the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. http://www.kikipetrosino.com
Patrícia PORTELA has written and coordinated nearly twenty award-winning stage performances and live art works across Europe, the Middle East, China, and Brazil. Widely anthologized, she is the author of the novels Para cima e não para norte (2008), Banquete and A coleção privada de Acácio Nobre (2016). In 2015 she was one of the five finalists of the MediaArt Sonae /Chiado Museum prize. A founder of the cultural association Prado, she teaches regularly at Forum Dança and in the graduate programs of the Theatre and Cinema school, both in Lisbon, as well as in the Program for Visual Criticism and Film at the University of Antwerp.
Mabrouck RACHEDI is a French-Algerian novelist, essayist, columnist and former equity analyst. He is the author of the novels Tous les hommes sont des causes perdues (2015), La petite Malika (co-written with his sister Hahiba Mahany; 2010), Le petit Malik (2008) and Le Poids d'une âme (2006), and the book-length essay Éloge du miséreux (2007). His short stories have appeared in the Japanese literary magazine Bungakukai, in the collections Algéries 50 and Chroniques d'une société annoncée, and in the Moroccan magazines OCP and Le Courrier de l'Atlas, where he contributes a monthly column. He wrote scenarios for animated short against discriminations for the association Remem'Beur, and for the Musée de l'Histoire de l'Immigration, and regularly teaches workshops and visits schools, particularly in the French banlieues.
Eleni SIKELIANOS is the author of eight books of poetry, most recently Make Yourself Happy (2017), and two hybrid memoirs (The Book of Jon and You Animal Machine). Among her awards are two National Endowment for the Arts grants and the National Poetry Series. Her work has been widely anthologized, and translated into a dozen languages. Currently she is translating Moroccan novelist Mohamed Leftah's Une Chute infinie. She has taught poetry in public schools, homeless shelters, and prisons, and collaborated with musicians, filmmakers, and visual artists. A professor of creative writing at the University of Denver, she is also guest faculty for the Naropa Summer Writing Program, and for L'Ecole de Littérature in France and Morocco.
Christopher MERRILL has published six books of poetry, including Watch Fire, for which he received the Lavan Younger Poets Award from the Academy of American Poets; many edited volumes and books of translations; and six works of nonfiction, among them, Only the Nails Remain: Scenes from the Balkan Wars, Things of the Hidden God: Journey to the Holy Mountain, and The Tree of the Doves: Ceremony, Expedition, War, chronicling his travels in Asia and the Middle East in the wake of the war on terror. His work has been translated into twenty-five languages; his honors include a Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres. A member of the National Council on the Humanities and the U.S. National Commission for UNESCO, he directs the International Writing Program at the University of Iowa. www.christophermerrillbooks.com
Essay Collection_To What Do I Belong? (2018) 639.03 KB
To What Do I Belong? (2017)


text:
@interface FDRequestClientTask ()

#pragma mark - Initializers

- (instancetype)_initWithURLSessionTask: (NSURLSessionTask *)urlSessionTask
	authorizationBlock: (FDRequestClientTaskAuthorizationBlock)authorizationBlock
	progressBlock: (FDRequestClientTaskProgressBlock)progressBlock
	dataParserBlock: (FDRequestClientTaskDataParserBlock)dataParserBlock
	transformBlock: (FDRequestClientTaskTransformBlock)transformBlock
	completionBlock: (FDRequestClientTaskCompletionBlock)completionBlock;

#pragma mark - Instance Methods

- (NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition)_dispositionForChallenge: (NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge
	credential: (NSURLCredential **)credential;
- (void)_didSendBodyData: (int64_t)bytesSent
	totalBytesSent: (int64_t)totalBytesSent
	totalBytesExpectedToSend: (int64_t)totalBytesExpectedToSend;
- (void)_didReceiveResponse: (NSURLResponse *)response;
- (void)_didReceiveData: (NSData *)data;
- (void)_didCompleteWithError: (NSError *)error;

@end


text:
english по-русски lietuviškai
Home Register Log In Search Browse Top 100 Now Online Places Help
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Personals › Hong Kong
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Aberdeen, Hong Kong dating
I am Sasha, from Hong Kong, looking for a serious and long-term relationship, I am an independent woman, looking for a mature and stable man who loves me exclusively, and can learn more about each other through
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49-year-old man seeking women 20-60; Divorced
Chung Wai, Hong Kong singles
Honesty Is Always the Best Policy. Talking about my self, I love friends and family, I am a fun person and make friends easily. I love life, and still have some love to share with a special lady. Life can be lonely
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I think my character is always optimistic and positive, I don't want to procrastinate, I like to play golf in my leisure time, go to the gym to practice yoga, watch movies, go shopping, drive my car to see some
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I spend my free time daydreaming in bed, window shopping, browsing the internet. My beat feature is that I am not obese or anorexic, but of average body size. My clothing style is casual. Looking for someone who is
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text:
Loneliness and Health
Many older adults, especially those with health issues, feel lonely and isolated.
Loneliness, including feeling a lack of companionship or feeling socially isolated, has major implications for the health of older adults. In October 2018, the University of Michigan National Poll on Healthy Aging asked a national sample of adults age 50–80 about their health, health behaviors, and experiences and feelings related to companionship and social isolation.
Lacking Companionship or Feeling Isolated
One in three respondents (34%) reported feeling a lack of companionship (26% some of the time, 8% often) and 27% reported feeling isolated from others (22% some of the time, 5% often) during the past year.
While a majority of those who said they felt a lack of companionship also felt socially isolated and vice versa, 37% of those who felt a lack of companionship did not feel isolated and 20% of those who felt isolated did not feel a lack of companionship.
Three out of four respondents (72%) reported frequent social contact with family, friends or neighbors who do not live with them (30% every day, 42% several times a week), while about one in four (28%) reported social contact once a week or less (15% once a week, 13% every 2–3 weeks or less).
Loneliness: Who's at Risk?
Women were more likely than men to report feeling a lack of companionship (36% versus 31%). People who were not working or were from households with annual incomes of <$60,000, had children in their home, or lived alone were also more likely to report a lack of companionship. These factors, in addition to being age 50–64 (compared with age 65–80), were also associated with feeling socially isolated.
Living alone, in particular, was highly associated with feeling lonely. Among those living alone, 60% reported feeling a lack of companionship and 41% felt isolated.
Respondents who reported feeling a lack of companionship were more likely to report fair or poor physical health (26% versus 13% of those who rarely lacked companionship). Meanwhile, 28% of people who reported feeling socially isolated said they were in fair or poor physical health compared to 13% of those who said they hardly ever feel isolated.
Similarly, 17% of respondents who said they felt isolated rated their mental health as fair or poor compared to 2% of those who reported hardly ever feeling isolated. And 13% of those who reported a lack of companionship reported fair or poor mental health versus 2% of those who said they hardly ever lack companionship.
Respondents who reported a lack of companionship were more likely to report that their hearing was fair or poor (18% versus 11% of those who hardly ever lacked companionship). Similarly, 20% of those who reported feeling socially isolated said they had fair or poor hearing compared to 11% of those who said they hardly ever feel isolated.
Social Connection and Healthy Behaviors
Adults age 50–80 with good health habits were less likely to report feeling a lack of companionship or feeling isolated from others. Respondents who said they exercise, eat a healthy diet, and get enough sleep every day or several times a week were less likely to report a lack of companionship and feeling isolated than those who engaged in these health behaviors once a week or less.
Older adults who reported being socially active every day or several times a week were also less likely to report a lack of companionship and feeling isolated. Respondents who smoked or used tobacco were more likely to feel a lack of companionship or feel isolated than those who do not use tobacco.
The findings from this poll suggest that millions of older adults across the U.S. feel lonely. Research shows that chronic loneliness can impact older adults' memory, physical well-being, mental health, and life expectancy. In fact, some research suggests that chronic loneliness may shorten life expectancy even more than being overweight or sedentary, and just as much as smoking. It is also possible for health problems to contribute to feelings of loneliness. For example, hearing loss or mobility limitations may decrease opportunities for social interaction and increase feelings of loneliness.
Efforts to address loneliness can begin with an awareness that loneliness is not only closely connected to the well-being of older adults, but can also adversely impact health. Family, friends, neighbors, and health care professionals can help to identify older adults who are experiencing loneliness or may be at risk.
Encouraging and supporting meaningful social connections and more frequent interactions — through activities such as volunteerism, participation in community or religious groups, or home visiting programs — may help mitigate loneliness and its associated health challenges.
Data Source and Methods
This National Poll on Healthy Aging report presents findings from a nationally representative household survey conducted exclusively by Ipsos Public Affairs, LLC ("Ipsos"), for the University of Michigan's Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation. National Poll on Healthy Aging surveys are conducted using the Ipsos KnowledgePanel®, the largest national, probability-based panel in the U.S. Surveys are fielded two to three times a year with a sample of approximately 2,000 KnowledgePanel® members age 50–80.
This survey was administered online in October 2018 to a randomly selected, stratified group of older adults age 50–80 (n=2,051). Respondents were selected from the Ipsos web-enabled KnowledgePanel®, which closely resembles the U.S. population. The sample was subsequently weighted to reflect population figures from the U.S. Census Bureau.
The completion rate was 64% among panel members contacted to participate. The margin of error is ±1 to 2 percentage points for questions asked of the full sample, and higher among subgroups.
Findings from the National Poll on Healthy Aging do not represent the opinions of the University of Michigan. The University of Michigan reserves all rights over this material.
Solway E, Piette J, Kullgren J, Singer D, Kirch M, Malani P. Loneliness and health. University of Michigan National Poll on Healthy Aging. March 2019. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/148147
Download the Poll Questions
Volume/Issue
Preeti Malani, M.D.
John Piette, Ph.D.
Health Day
UM Health Lab
U-M Institute for Healthcare Policy & Innovation
2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex (NCRC)
Ann Arbor, MI 48109 US
healthyaging@umich.edu


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text:
import pickle
import logging
import cachetools

from . import config
from . import memory

LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
__NAME__ = 'datalayer seen memory'

class Datalayer:
    def __init__(self):
        self.seen_set = set()

        robots_size = config.read('Robots', 'RobotsCacheSize')
        robots_ttl = config.read('Robots', 'RobotsCacheTimeout')
        self.robots = cachetools.TTLCache(robots_size, robots_ttl)

        memory.register_debug(self.memory)

    def add_seen(self, url):
        '''A "seen" url is one that we've done something with, such as having
        queued it or already crawled it.'''
        self.seen_set.add(url.surt)

    def seen(self, url):
        return url.surt in self.seen_set

    def cache_robots(self, schemenetloc, parsed):
        self.robots[schemenetloc] = parsed

    def read_robots_cache(self, schemenetloc):
        return self.robots[schemenetloc]

    def save(self, f):
        pickle.dump(__NAME__, f)
        pickle.dump(self.seen_set, f)
        # don't save robots cache

    def load(self, f):
        name = pickle.load(f)
        if name != __NAME__:
            LOGGER.error('save file name does not match datalayer name: %s != %s', name, __NAME__)
            raise ValueError
        self.seen_set = pickle.load(f)

    def summarize(self):
        '''Print a human-readable sumary of what's in the datalayer'''
        print('{} seen'.format(len(self.seen_set)))

    def memory(self):
        '''Return a dict summarizing the datalayer's memory usage'''
        seen_set = {}
        seen_set['bytes'] = memory.total_size(self.seen_set)
        seen_set['len'] = len(self.seen_set)
        robots = {}
        robots['bytes'] = memory.total_size(self.robots)
        robots['len'] = len(self.robots)
        return {'seen_set': seen_set, 'robots': robots}