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Alfred Marshall (Londres, 26 de julho de 1842 — Cambridge, 13 de julho de 1924) foi um dos mais influentes economistas de seu tempo. Seu livro, Princípios de Economia (Principles of Economics) procurou reunir num todo coerente as teorias da oferta e da procura, da utilidade marginal e dos custos de produção, tornando-se o manual de economia mais adotado na Inglaterra por um longo período.

Biografia
Marshall cresceu no subúrbio londrino de Clapham e foi educado na Merchant Taylor's School onde demonstrou aptidão para a matemática. Apesar de ter demonstrado interesse em tornar-se ministro da Igreja anglicana, sua trajetória bem sucedida na Universidade de Cambridge o levou a tomar a decisão de seguir uma carreira acadêmica. Tornou-se professor em 1868, especializando-se em economia política. Ele desejava melhorar o rigor matemático da teoria econômica e transformá-la numa disciplina mais científica. No anos 1870, ele escreveu um pequeno número de trabalhos sobre o comércio internacional e os problemas do protecionismo. Em 1879, muitos destes textos foram compilados em uma obra intitulada A Teoria Pura do Comércio Exterior e A Teoria Pura dos Valores Domésticos (The Pure Theory of Foreign Trade: The Pure Theory of Domestic Values). No mesmo ano, publicou em conjunto com sua mulher, Mary Payley Marshall, a Economia da Indústria (The Economics of Industry).

Em Cambridge, Alfred fora professor de economia política de Mary Payley, uma das primeiras mulheres inglesas a alcançar o grau universitário. Os dois casaram-se em 1877, forçando Marshall a abandonar seu posto em Cambridge em razão das regras daquela universidade sobre o celibato. Ele se tornou diretor da University College, em Bristol, lecionando novamente sobre economia política. Aperfeiçoou seu Economia da Indústria e o publicou em 1879 como um manual para uso dos estudantes de economia; sua aparência simples se apoiava sobre fundamentos teóricos sofisticados. Marshall alcançou certa fama com seu trabalho e, após a morte de William Jevons em 1881, tornou-se o mais influente economista britânico de seu tempo.

Em dezembro de 1884, após a morte de Henry Fawcett, Marshall retornou a Cambridge, como professor de economia política. Ali, ele procurou criar um novo tripos para a economia, o que só conseguiu em 1903. Até então, a economia era ensinada sob os triposes de Ciências Morais e Históricas, que não propiciavam a Marshall o tipo de estudante - ativo e especializado - que ele desejava.

Em Marshall 1881, Marshall começou a trabalhar em sua célebre obra, os Princípios de Economia (Principles of Economics), e consumiu boa parte da década seguinte trabalhando em seu tratado. O seu plano para a obra gradualmente se estendeu para uma compilação em dois volumes de todo o pensamento econômico; o primeiro volume foi publicado em 1890, sendo aclamado mundialmente, o que o colocou entre os principais economistas de seu tempo.

Contribuições para a economia

Em 1877, ele se casou com Mary Paley e foi forçado a deixar St. John's, mudando-se para Bristol como reitor da Oxford University College, onde trabalhou como professor de economia política. Seu primeiro livro foi escrito com sua esposa, em formato de livro didático, e tinha como objetivo servir como material de apoio para os cursos estendidos da Universidade de Oxford. Um de seus primeiros trabalhos foi uma colaboração de livros sobre questões de comércio internacional e protecionismo em meados da década de 1970. Ele escreveu um apêndice ao trabalho de Henry Sidgwick sobre comércio internacional: Teoria Pura do Comércio Exterior: Doméstica Pura Teoria do Valor.

Em todas as páginas do livro principal do autor, "Princípios de Economia" publicado em 1890, Marshall apresentou uma grande hipótese neoclássica e uma expressão do conceito de marginalismo, que evidenciava claramente a sua atitude para com os britânicos. O autor em questão, enfatiza a sua insatisfação com a situação de pobreza vivida e o privilégio da classe menos abastada. Essa inconsistência levou a um entendimento do escopo da economia.

Marshall tinha 25 anos quando deixou a Igreja Anglicana para estudar economia. Curiosamente, sobre esses dois temas (religião e ciência), ele uma vez declarou que "os dois principais fatores da história mundial são religião e economia". Na economia, "uma ciência que lida com questões críticas para o bem-estar humano", Marshall encontrou uma maneira de expressar sua indignação com as condições injustas sofridas pelas classes menos abastadas.

Nos "Princípios" (Volume I, Capítulo 4), algumas pessoas dizem que ações que ajudam a melhorar a vida dos pobres, sejam privados ou governamentais: "A doutrina do bem-estar da população em geral deve fazer parte de todos os empreendimentos privados e todos os planos políticos". Portanto, a grande contribuição de Marshall não apenas para o pensamento econômico, mas também para a história do pensamento geral, é buscar estabelecer um padrão comum para medir as atividades humanas por meio da ciência econômica – o objetivo básico desta ciência.

Princípios da Economia (1890)
Em 1881, Alfred Marshall começou seu trabalho econômico, os Princípios de Economia, e passou grande parte da década seguinte trabalhando no tratado. Seu plano para a obra gradualmente se estendeu a uma compilação de dois volumes sobre o conjunto do pensamento econômico. O primeiro volume foi publicado em 1890 e o segundo volume, que trataria de comércio exterior, dinheiro, flutuações comerciais, tributação e coletivismo, nunca foi publicado.

A obra apareceu em oito edições, começando com 750 páginas e depois para 870 páginas e está dividida em seis livros, com vários capítulos em cada um deles. Sua principal contribuição técnica foi uma análise das questões de elasticidade, excedente do consumidor, retornos crescentes e decrescentes, a curto e a longo prazos e utilidade marginal. Muitas das ideias eram originais de Marshall, já outras eram versões melhoradas das ideias de W. S. Jevons e outros. Princípios de Economia foi a obra mais importante de sua época, já que sintetizou o seu pensamento como um dos fundadores da chamada escola neoclássica de Cambridge, que exerceu influência dominante no pensamento econômico do século XX.

A concepção geral da obra se baseia numa visão microeconômica do regime capitalista de produção seguindo um enfoque neoclássico. Marshall busca explicar a tese de uma tendência natural para o equilíbrio e uma tendência de crescimento gradual. Ele conseguiu, também, conciliar o princípio clássico do custo de produção com o princípio da utilidade marginal.

Em um sentido mais amplo, Marshall esperava reconciliar as teorias de valores clássicos e modernos. John Stuart Mill examinou a relação entre o valor das mercadorias e seus custos de produção, com base na teoria de que o valor depende do esforço despendido na manufatura. Jevons e os teóricos da utilidade marginal elaboraram uma teoria do valor baseada na ideia de maximizar a utilidade, sustentando que o valor depende da demanda. O trabalho de Marshall usou ambas as abordagens, mas ele se concentrou mais nos custos. Ele observou que, no curto prazo, a oferta não pode ser alterada e o valor de mercado depende principalmente da demanda. Em um período intermediário de tempo, a produção pode ser ampliada pelas instalações existentes, como prédios e maquinários, mas, por não necessitarem de renovação nesse período intermediário, seus custos (chamados de custos fixos, indiretos ou suplementares) têm pouca influência sobre o preço de venda do produto.

Marshall destacou que são os custos primários ou variáveis, que se repetem constantemente, que mais influenciam o preço de venda neste período. Em um período ainda mais longo, máquinas e edifícios se desgastam e precisam ser substituídos, de modo que o preço de venda do produto deve ser alto o suficiente para cobrir os custos de substituição. Essa classificação dos custos em fixos e variáveis e a ênfase dada ao elemento tempo provavelmente representam uma das principais contribuições de Marshall à teoria econômica. Ele estava comprometido com modelos de equilíbrio parcial sobre o equilíbrio geral com base no fato de que a natureza inerentemente dinâmica da economia tornava o primeiro mais útil na prática.

É possível notar na obra de Marshall que o autor acreditava que todo progresso humano era muito lento e que só progredia através de mudanças marginais diminutas. As tentativas de alterar rapidamente o campo social estavam fadadas ao fracasso e só levariam à miséria. Para ele, o progresso social era, em geral, um processo lento de aperfeiçoamento de hereditariedade de uma raça ou de uma nação.

Alfred Marshall foi o primeiro a desenvolver o gráfico padrão de oferta e demanda demonstrando uma série de fundamentos, incluindo as curvas de oferta e demanda, equilíbrio do mercado, a relação entre quantidade e preço em relação à oferta e demanda, a lei da utilidade marginal, a lei dos rendimentos decrescentes e as ideias de excedentes do consumidor e do produtor. Este modelo permitiu que muitos economistas o pudessem utilizar atualmente.

Faz-se necessário complementar que sua obra teve formulações e metodologias que foram importantes para o desenvolvimento subsequente do estudo da Economia, como a elasticidade da procura, economias internas e externas, quase-renda, firma representativa e organização empresarial, entre outros temas.

Além disso, um caráter pragmático desse estudo fica explícito na sua concepção de economia: "A economia é um estudo da humanidade na atividade comum da vida; ela examina a parte da ação individual e social que está mais intimamente ligada aos resultados e ao uso dos requisitos materiais do bem-estar." Dessarte, essa preocupação com a questão social em geral, e com a pobreza em particular, é recorrente em seu estudo, evidenciando-se sua "percepção de que a pobreza estava na raiz de muitos males sociais".

Nesse contexto, essa forma de pensar, que se manteve inalterada durante sua vida inteira, o levou a conclusão de que o estudo da pobreza não era algo apenas fundamental para a economia, e sim, a razão principal do seu estudo, como afirmou em um de seus princípios: "o estudo das causas da pobreza é o estudo das causas da degradação de uma grande parte da humanidade".

Destarte, conclui-se que Alfred era, além de um grande estudioso da economia, um humanitário, que levava o estudo da economia também para o âmbito social.

Contribuições teóricas
A economia de Marshall pode ser entendida como uma continuação do trabalho de John Stuart Mill, Adam Smith, e David Ricardo. Ele minimizou a importância da contribuição de outros economistas a sua obra, tais como Vilfredo Pareto e Jules Dupuit, e só com relutância reconheceu a influência de William Stanley Jevons.

O método de Marshall, o qual influenciou boa parte dos economistas ingleses posteriores, consistia em utilizar a Matemática aplicada como meio de investigação e análise de fenômenos econômicos, e o raciocínio lógico e as aplicações práticas (isto é, a aplicação a partir de fatos reais) como meio de exposição desses mesmos fenômenos. Assim, considera-se que seu método analítico-matemático foi uma de suas maiores contribuições para a moderna Ciência Econômica.

Com a introdução do fator tempo, na distinção entre longos períodos e curtos períodos, Marshall conseguiu determinar a importância tanto do custo de produção (para longos períodos) como da utilidade marginal (para curtos períodos), na formação do valor das mercadorias.

O debate de distritos industriais é lançado pelo autor no final do século XIX mostrando as vantagens que, sobretudo, as pequenas empresas têm quando se aglomeram em um território onde ocorre, devido à cooperação, economias internas e externas.

O distrito industrial para Marshall
Um distrito industrial, por definição, é um espaço previamente preparado para receber plantas industriais. Dessa forma, sua função, que foi abordada de forma pioneira por Alfred Marshall na obra clássica Princípios de Economia na temática de concentração de indústrias especializadas em certas localidades, era facilitar a troca de serviços entre as empresas daquela localidade.

Dessarte, pressupõe-se que as empresas concentradas no distrito industrial Marshalliano respeitem uma especialização setorial, ou seja, que representem alguma fase da cadeia produtiva de um determinado setor.

A questão do valor
A introdução do elemento tempo, por Marshall, na teoria econômica conseguiu unir as duas mais fortes e antônimas teorias de sua época sobre o valor.

Segundo a Economia Política Clássica, o valor é agregado pelo trabalho no processo de produção; é, por conseguinte, o custo de produção. Por outro lado, a Escola Marginalista entendia o valor de uma mercadoria através da capacidade da mesma em satisfazer necessidades humanas, sendo definida pela utilidade marginal.

O equilíbrio parcial
Marshall criou também um complicado gráfico em que ele simula a situação de um mercado competitivo de apenas um produto, ignorando eventuais substitutos ou qualquer outro efeito exterior, que ficou conhecido como modelo de equilíbrio parcial, em que o objetivo é achar o equilíbrio aonde a vontade do consumidor e do produtor se encontram.

Carreira posterior
Nas duas décadas seguintes, ele trabalhou para completar o segundo volume dos Princípios, que deveria tratar do comércio internacional, do dinheiro, das flutuações comerciais, dos impostos e do coletivismo. Mas sua atenção obstinada aos detalhes e seu perfeccionismo o impediram de dar conta do fôlego da obra. O segundo volume nunca foi completado e muitas outras obras de menor vulto nas quais ele começara a trabalhar - por exemplo, um memorando sobre política comercial para o ministro inglês das finanças (o Chancellor of the Exchequer) na década de 1890 - foram deixadas incompletas pela mesma razão.

Seus problemas de saúde foram se agravando gradualmente a partir dos anos 1880. Em 1908 ele se aposentou da universidade. Ele esperava continuar trabalhando em seus Princípios, mas sua saúde continuou a deteriorar e o projeto continuou a crescer a cada nova investigação. A explosão da Primeira Guerra Mundial em 1914 o impeliu a revisar suas análises da economia internacional.

Em 1919, aos 77 anos de idade, ele publicou Indústria e Comércio (Industry and Trade). Esta obra era um tratado mais empírico que os Princípios e, por esta razão, não alcançou tantos elogios de economistas teóricos quanto aquele.

Em 1923, ele publicou Moeda, Crédito e Comércio (Money, Credit, and Commerce) um amplo amálgama de ideias econômicas anteriores, inéditas ou já publicadas, estendendo-se a quase meio século.

Morte e legado
Marshall faleceu em sua casa, Balliol Croft, em Cambridge (Inglaterra) aos 81 anos de idade.

De 1890 a 1924, ele foi o fundador respeitado da profissão econômica. Seus alunos em Cambridge tornaram-se figuras proeminentes na economia, como John Maynard Keynes e Arthur Cecil Pigou.

Seu mais importante legado foi criar para os futuros economistas uma profissão respeitada, acadêmica e científica, dando o tom daquela área pelo restante do século XX.

A casa, com a biblioteca, foi legada à Universidade de Cambridge, onde se encontram seus manuscritos e obras inéditas, já que sua viúva preservou a sua memória de todos os modos, fornecendo, inclusive, a Keynes notas e apontamentos de Marshall e dela própria, o que lhe permitiram escrever uma biografia conceituada sobre Marshall.

Ligações externas

 Alfred Marshallem História do pensamento econômico
 Um pequeno verbete sobre Alfred Marshall
 Alguns textos de Marshall em inglês
 CARQUEJA, Hernâni O. ''O Conceito de Riqueza na Análise Económica - Apontamentos. II Seminário GRUDIS. Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 25/10/2003

Economistas da Inglaterra
Alfred Marshall
Naturais de Londres
Alunos da Universidade de Cambridge
Professores da Universidade de Cambridge
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Wikiconcurso de edição)


Congratulations to d.k. Pan, a deserving recipient of a 2011 Stranger Genius Award!
D.k. has masterminded all kinds of brilliant, subversive, funny, charming, pioneering (and I could keep piling on the superlatives) projects from The Bridge Motel to My Mother My Father to Free Sheep Foundation to.
I was thrilled to have him create 66 Ways of Water Magic for TLW.
In this work, Dk in collaboration with NKO – working together as Free Sheep Foundation, created a participatory and performative work that took into consideration The Walk as pilgrimage and ritual. They hand-silk screened t-shirts emblazoned with "Time is Memory" in large block letters. Each Walker received a t-shirt with another Walker's name printed on it's wrapper along with a bottle of water. Each Walker needed to find the recipient of their t-shirt and then design a water ritual for them. However, a walker couldn't give away the shirt until they got their own.
You can celebrate d.k.'s genius at The Stranger Genius Awards coming up in September and be sure to check out the show d.k. and NKO will be curating for City Arts Festival in October.


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When you are having to put on a new roof or replace your old HVAC system or continuously make repairs to an old house , all this takes money and quite a bit too. If this situation has put a burden on you, we buy houses in as-is condition. So, a fair offer will be determined on what condition your house is in, and how much will it take for us to bring the house back to it's glory. Stop the frustration of your unwanted property. Let us buy your North Carolina house now, regardless of condition.
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Grant Update: The Clothworkers' Foundation
Thank you to The Clothworkers' Foundation for their incredible support to Vision Aid Overseas' programme in Sierra Leone since 2013 and for agreeing to continue this support for 3 more years.
The Clothworkers' Foundation have been supporting Vision Aid Overseas in Sierra Leone since 2013 and have recently agreed a second phase of support until 2021, for which we are extremely grateful. Together, we have completely transformed access to eye care services across the Eastern Province of the country over the past five years and are excited to continue this programme into its second phase, developing and enhancing the services already established to reach even more people.
With the nearest eye care services based over 300km away in the country's capital, Freetown, the initial phase of our project focussed on increasing access to eye care services within the Eastern Province. With The Clothworkers' Foundation's support, we established 3 Vision Centres, trained 10 Optometry Technicians who are now working in these Vision Centres, and screened over 40,000 people. This was achieved despite the devastating Ebola crisis which stopped many of the services for several months.
Since then, each of these Vision Centres has continued to screen and prescribe glasses to more and more people as the communities become aware of the services available and the differences a simple eye test and a pair of glasses can make to their lives.
Patrick, a tailor, is just one of our patients who benefited from these new services. He struggled to see the needle on his sewing machine and could not complete his work properly but thanks to The Clothworkers' Foundation's support, Patrick visited our newly developed Vision Centre in Koidu and received the eye test and glasses he needed to continue to work and provide for his family. Read more about Patrick's story here.
Philip Howard, The Clothworkers' Foundation said;
The Clothworkers' Foundation has been supporting Vision Aid Overseas since 2013 to transform access to eye health in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone, one of the world's least-developed countries. Despite the many challenges faced since then, including the devastating Ebola crisis, VAO has been open and transparent about their progress and we've seen fantastic impact over the last 5 years […] We're looking forward to the next three years with VAO and are proud of everything we've achieved together to date.
The next phase of our programme focuses on primary eye care, and will now greatly increase awareness and demand for our services amongst local communities in Kenema, the capital of the Province. We plan to train primary healthcare workers to screen patients' eyes at local health units across Kenema and will embed these new services into the existing primary health care system to ensure they are available for everyone in the long term.
Nicola Chevis, CEO Vision Aid Overseas said;
We are extremely grateful for The Clothworkers' Foundation's incredible support to our programme in Sierra Leone over the past five years. Together, we have established Vision Centres and trained local eye care workers to deliver the services in the Eastern Province, which didn't have any optometry services prior to our partnership. We are excited to work together in the next stage of the programme to ensure that as many people as possible are aware of our services and for eye care to be integrated with the Primary Health Care package so that the services can be sustained for many years to come
Author: Ellie Moody
Vision Aid Overseas hosts another successful Annual General Meeting
All donations raised between now and **17th JANUARY 2020** will be doubled by Vision Aid Overseas' pledgers.
The World Report on Vision
World Sight Day saw the release of the first World Report on Vision from the WHO.
A year of helping the world to see
Our Annual Review of 2018-2019 captures faces and places from our year, helping the world to see. Find out more about why and how we work, and the changes we are bringing about in people's lives thanks to our supporters.
Education and Training Review
Vision Aid Overseas has improved the professional training it offers to country partners, to help strengthen local health care systems.
New programme will improve school eye health in Sierra Leone with funding from USAID
Vision Aid Overseas launches new programme to improve school eye health in Sierra Leone with funding from USAID.
World Sight Day 2019
Find out why you should be celebrating World Sight Day with us this October.
Support a School works alongside Ethiopian Government to help children see a brighter future
Vision Aid Overseas only ever works in partnership with countries and communities who have requested our support. Our new appeal, Support a School, is no different.
School Eye Health in Zambia
Vision Aid Overseas launches School Eye Health pilot programme in Kafue District, Zambia.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Difference Between Mortgagors & Grantors
By Tony Guerra
Sheriff Sale Vs. Foreclosure
Definition of Leasehold Mortgage
Homeowner's Rights in a Land Contract
Can the Bank Foreclose on Me Even if My Name Is Not on the Mortgage?
Can a Quit Claim Deed Transfer Property to a Trust?
A real property loan from a lender often is secured by a mortgage. If you take out a home loan and give the lender a mortgage in return, you're called a mortgagor. Deeds are the instruments used to convey (transfer) title to real property from one party to another. When you transfer title to a property through a deed you also become the grantor. The party receiving a deed is the grantee.
Mortgagor Specifics
Mortgage or "lien theory" states require that deeds to real properties stay with their loan borrowers, legally called mortgagors. Property-loan lenders in mortgage states place liens on the real properties that they've lent borrowers the money to purchase. Instruments like deeds and security instruments like mortgages only apply to real property. When property owners give mortgages as security interest to their lenders, they're giving that money to their mortgagees.
Deeds are the legal instruments used to transfer the bundle of rights attached to real property. The legal name for a property's bundle of rights is "title." When you sign over a deed to property, you're transferring its title as the deed's grantor. A grant deed is also the most common type of deed. Even though there are several different types of real property deeds, they all have grantors and grantees in common.
Mortgagor Rights
A mortgagor has a number of legal rights when she gives a mortgage to a mortgagee, usually a lender. A mortgagor's strongest right is the right to redeem her mortgage after foreclosure occurs, with the most common right known as statutory redemption. Mortgagor rights of redemption also help to prevent an extremely low post-foreclosure sales price. The length of time a mortgagor gets to redeem his property varies from state to state.
Making Deeds Valid
In order to be valid (legal), a deed given by a grantor must meet several requirements. A deed grantor must first be of legal age and sound mind. Also, there must be an actual grantee for a deed to be valid. Additionally, a deed isn't valid until the grantor personally inserts the grantee's name or the grantor's duly authorized agent does so. Lastly, to be valid, deed grants must detail the consideration, like money, being given to their grantors.
Realty Times: Mortgagee vs. Mortgagor
RealTown.com: Deed
Sacramento County Public Law Library: Deeds: Buying, Selling and Transferring Real Estate
Tony Guerra served more than 20 years in the U.S. Navy. He also spent seven years as an airline operations manager. Guerra is a former realtor, real-estate salesperson, associate broker and real-estate education instructor. He holds a master's degree in management and a bachelor's degree in interdisciplinary studies.
How Do I Fill Out a Quitclaim Deed Form?
Trustee Deed vs. Warranty Deed
Do Buyers & Sellers Sign Deeds?
Who Signs a Mortgage?
Can You Do a Quit Claim on a FHA Mortgage?
Can I Get Relocation Assistance on a Short Sale?
Deed vs. Note
What Happens if I Can't Pay the Mortgages on Homes Willed to Me by a Parent, Who Is Deceased?
2 How Do I Fill Out a Quitclaim Deed Form?
3 Trustee Deed vs. Warranty Deed
4 Do Buyers & Sellers Sign Deeds?


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What We Believe—Our Vision for a Global Community
PAX Laurasian Exchange envisions a global community of people who are open minded and appreciate cultural differences, because we believe such a community is a fertile field for justice, peace, and prosperity. We aspire to be the quality leader in academic exchange and experiential learning, because we believe such experiences transform the individual's ability to influence our world for the better.
Mission—How We Fulfill Our Vision and Whom We Serve
PAX Laurasian Exchange provides global education and exchange opportunities for students, host families, schools, and communities to open doors, embrace cultures, and become family.
Rodney Gould, Esq. // W. Edward Massey // Kevin McQuade // Scott Meadows // Jane Spalding // Walter Stewart // Tom Whitehouse
Bradley Smith
Sarah Fellows
VP, Quality
Matthew Stainback
VP, Field Operations
1990 | Small Roots, Big Dream
Thirty years ago, PAX was founded as a small force for good. The organization's first headquarters was in a private home. The dream was to enable both deserving young people from around the world and their U.S. host families to share not only their customs, language, and points of view, but also the very essence of what it means to be family. During the first years, the program brought a small number of Spanish high school students to the U.S., working one-on-one to ensure a powerful, cross-cultural learning experience.
1996 | Future Leaders Exchange (FLEX) Program
Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, America reached out to the Newly Independent States in the form of the Future Leaders Exchange (FLEX) Program, which promotes mutual understanding by providing high school students from Eurasia with the opportunity to live with American host families and attend U.S. high schools. For more than 25 years, PAX has had the honor of being selected each year by the U.S. Department of State to serve as a sponsor of FLEX students.
2003 | Kennedy-Lugar Youth Exchange and Study (YES) Program
When Congress, following the attacks of September 11, 2001, established the Kennedy-Lugar Youth Exchange and Study (YES) program, PAX was one of the few organizations chosen to work with these scholarship students from countries with significant Muslim populations—and has ever since. From Indonesia to Pakistan, Nigeria to Suriname, host families and high schools alike are quick to note the impressiveness of these young people in particular.
2015 | PAX Merges with Laurasian Institution
After collaborating with Laurasian Institution (also founded 1990) for more than eight years, PAX - Program of Academic Exchange merged with the dynamic organization with expertise in Japan, China, and Korea. The united organization, PAX Laurasian Exchange, has since enjoyed knowhow in inbound and outbound, short and long-term, individual and group, J-1 and F-1 visas, elementary school through university student, and teacher and adult programs. Both PAX and Laurasian continue to operate programs under their original names.
Today | Same Dream, Greater Impact
PAX now serves nearly 1,000 participants each year from more than 70 countries, using the same values as that modest organization started in a private home. Along the way, the organization has moved into the loft of an historic 1880s renovated warehouse alongside the Byram River in Port Chester, New York in addition to adding offices in Seattle and Tokyo. The organization maintains an enthusiastic office staff of 30, and enjoys a network of hundreds of committed volunteers and welcoming high schools throughout the U.S. To date, more than 20,000 students have successfully completed the PAX program.


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Eric Gordon Adams
Obituary of Eric Gordon Adams
Adams, Eric Gordon
Passed away at St. Mary's General Hospital, Kitchener on Tuesday, July 9, 2019 at the age of 78 years. Eric Adams of New Hamburg, formerly of Elmira, was the beloved husband of Mary (Sinclair) Adams.
Eric was the dear father of Max and his wife Richere. Loving grandfather of Jackson, Logan, and Chloe Adams. Remembered by his sister Mary E. (Michael) Morris.
He had a dry sense of humour which was greatly appreciated by his family and friends. He loved his dogs, and was an avid competitor, judge, and partier. He was proud of his field trial champion Ben, and was fond of his current Labrador Retriever Meg. Eric enjoyed feeding the birds in Elmira, and was delighted when the orioles came to feast on grape jelly at his new home in New Hamburg.
He was a connoisseur of food and drink, an excellent chef, loved to entertain, and always wanted the latest cooking gizmos. He loved to travel with friends to destinations including the south of France, Portugal, England, Scotland and Ireland. He loved living in Elmira, and enjoyed working on Kiwanis club projects.
Despite his medical problems in recent years, he was always in good humour. He loved his life and would not have changed a thing.
Cremation has taken place. A celebration of life will be announced at a later date. As expressions of sympathy, donations may be made to the charity of your choice.
Arrangements entrusted to the Dreisinger Funeral Home, Elmira.
www.dreisingerfuneralhome.com


What the Heck Is Hippotherapy?
Set in the early part of the nineteenth century, the novel tells the story of William Thornhill – a boy born into poverty along London's Thames River who learns to steal early on to ensure his survival. Illiterate and quick to anger, William must learn to sustain himself in the face of hunger and cold. He finds his strength as a waterman, paddling hard against the unforgiving waters of the Thames, and turns away from towering spaces of Christ Church.
This sounds like a beautiful book. I am eager to read it myself now.
I'm glad you enjoyed this so much! I just love Kate Grenville!
Wow! With praise like that, I'm adding this to my wish list. Thanks for the review.
You might be interested in Grenville's new book, The Lietentnat. It also deals with Australia's early colonial history and is high in my TBR pile.
I just bought this the other day – so I'm so glad to see your great review. Really looking forward to this.
Yours is the second stellar review I've seen in as many days of this book. Sounds like a great story!
Jeane: Grenville is a gorgeous writer – this book just captivated me.
Laura: This was my first Grenville, but it most definitely will not be my last!
Kathy: You're welcome – I hope you'll love it as I did.
Sarah: I *am* interested in it…I don't think it is being released until the spring of 2009 here in the US…but, if I can get my hands on it early, I will!
Amy: It is a fabulous book!
Tara: Oh, I'll look forward to reading your thoughts once you've read it!
Chartroose: LOL! Yes, you must!
I finished this yesterday and will review it soon. Though I probably shouldn't bother and will just send people over here.
Tara: *laughs* I'll look forward to reading your review!


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The Théâtre de Neuve was a theatre in Geneva, Republic of Geneva.

In 1783, the original theatre was replaced with a new stone building, the Théâtre de Neuve, designed by Pierre-David Matthey, with three tiers of boxes surrounding the orchestra seats and an audience capacity of 1000. Nevertheless, Its stage was cramped, with very little room in the wings, and the orchestra pit could not seat more than 30 musicians.
At the eve of the French Revolution, as waves of political unrest rocked Geneva, the new theatre's function was still to entertain foreign officers sent as reinforcements and seats were primarily reserved for sponsors and shareholders. As such, most of the Geneva population could not attend performances.

The Théâtre de Neuve was destined to stand in place for less than a hundred years. Revolutionary troubles forced the theatre to close several times and it was used consecutively as a revolutionary club and a cotton mill. In October 1797, the theatre was definitely closed to any kind of performance, by decision of the authorities.

It remained closed until the French annexed Geneva in April 1798. During this fifteen-year occupation, the theatre hosted several companies of French performers. When Geneva's independence was restored in 1813, the French troops left Geneva, and the actors followed them. The theatre reopened in 1817 and expanded its audiences and repertoire, including works by contemporary composers such as Rossini, Donizetti, Auber and Meyerbeer, Beethoven, Weber and even Wagner, whose Tannhäuser was heard in Geneva long before it was ever performed in Paris. Despite occasional performances by stars of the time, the quality of performance was usually below average, a mix of comedy, vaudeville, operetta and, occasionally, a more ambitious opera. The general trend was partial to the French repertoire, preferably light: Faust was a regular hit, but nowhere near La fille de Madame Angot in popularity.

Further reading

Theatres in Geneva
Former theatres in Switzerland
Dance in Switzerland
Buildings and structures in Geneva
Culture in Geneva
History of Geneva
18th century in Geneva

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: where does laravel can function for user object define? i am working on a laravel project .almost  i see in  each controller these line format :
!auth()->user()->can('something (differ from each controller to other one)')

but in my php editor it says method {can} not found for this object. so i try to found method can and not found it .even i edit __Call magic method to see if when can method is calling does magic function run but i know it never run for can function.so how it is possible to link function to object when it is not defined in class and its all mother class.and where  does can function locate?i search and i see laravel has some policy for authorize users but yet i don not know how can function link to user object without
define  in classes and even magic method does not run .and  how can i develope these type of function (for authorizing in laravel and change policy)

A: can method is a part of Authorizable trait in Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\Access
Look at your User model, you will found that model is extended from Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable. and Authenticatable uses the above trait.
it's part of the core of laravel, you can read the documentation from official docs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Google has banned Xiaomi access to Assistant
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Amazon, Apple and Google join forces with Zigbee Alliance to set an open smart home standard
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Electron joins the OpenJS Foundation
The OpenJS Foundation announced that Electron, an open-source network framework, has joined the foundation's incubation program. Electron is a cross-platform...
Google co-founder Larry Page and Sergey Brin resign
Google co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin announced their resignations in their latest blogs and no longer serve as CEO...
EU antitrust regulators new investigation into Google mainly involves data collection
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Google Photos now allows users to manual face tagging
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Players complain about the low frame rate of the Google cloud game platform STADIA
Google has now launched a beta version of its own cloud gaming platform STADIA, but as expected, these cloud gaming...
Google acquires CloudSimple to strengthen cloud computing capabilities
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The United States will extend Huawei's exemption period by another six months
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According to Netmarketshare of data, in October 2019 the proportion of encrypted Web traffic has more than ninety percent. This...
Google Search engines better understand users' natural language rather than keywords
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Google's quantum computer reportedly beat the most powerful supercomputers
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Google recently banned Play Store apps with the predatory payday loan
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Google mentioned Android 11 for the first time
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CM Magazine: The Fossil Hunter of Sydney Mines.
The Fossil Hunters of Sydney Mines.
"What do you mean, 'sort of''?" She stood up gingerly and stepped over the piles of rubble to a smoother spot on the ground. She heard a sniffle and her eyes swung wildly in the direction from where it came. Her eyes finally adjusted to the dark and she saw Mai sitting curled up against the wall in a corner.
Crouching down beside her, Grace wrapped her arm around Mai's shoulders. "Shhh...it's okay," she whispered.
"Sorry, Grace," Mai muttered, rubbing her face. "I'm not brave like you are. I'm scared."
You've got it all wrong, Mai, Grace thought. I'm not brave at all. She brushed the hair back from Mai's face and tucked it behind her ear. "Don't be sorry. This is my fault. I should never have asked you guys to come here." Guilt clawed the inside of Grace's stomach as she looked at her two best friends' wide and terrified eyes.
It's been three months since 13-year-old Grace lost her father in a tragic car accident. The memories of fossil hunting at Point Aconi, Cape Breton, with her father haunt her days and nights. In fact, the loss is so overwhelming that Grace always wears the Dalhousie University baseball cap given her by her father.
When Grace receives a mysterious note regarding her father's death, she leaps into action without hesitation. With her trusty friends — Fred, Mai and Jeeter — by her side, Grace begins to investigate her father's suspicious car accident. Their top secret detective work brings them face-to-face with abandoned mine shafts and dangerous sinkholes.
Jo Ann Yhard weaves a tale brimming with suspense. Though the basic plot is by no means original, Yhard substantiates the worth of her story with a group of diverse and interesting characters. These characters and their relationships with one another are what propel the story forward. Their unwavering determination to help Grace in her pursuit for the truth is admired by the reader.


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Adult Fiction · Adventure · Books · Children's Fiction · Contemporary · Epic Fantasy · Fantasy · LGBTQIA · Middle Grade · Mystery · Mythological · Romance · Science Fiction · Thriller · Young Adult Fiction · Young Teen Fiction
My Top Ten Books of 2015
30/12/2015 04/01/2016 CaroleHeidi
By the end of the year I will have read 52 books from cover to cover – I have a few chapters left of book number 52 but I WILL have those read before the calendar turns over to 2016. I have also started several other books but given up on them because I have decided life is too short to read books I don't like.
Looking back at the books that I have read, I have covered all manners of genres and book types – children's fiction, 19th Century poetry, short story collections, YA and crime to name but a few – and choosing a top ten is not going to be easy but I'll give it a go!
10. Wolf Princess by Cathryn Constable
Alone in the world, Sophie dreams of being someone special, but she could never have imagined this.
On a school trip to Russia, Sophie and her two friends find themselves on the wrong train. They are rescued by the beautiful Princess Anna Volkonskaya, who takes them to her winter palace and mesmerises them with stories of lost diamonds and a tragic past. But as night falls and wolves prowl, Sophie discovers more than dreams in the crumbling palace of secrets.
If I had read this when I was twelve, it would have been my favourite book in the world ever. Russia, wolves, snow, mysterious boys and hidden treasures – everything younger me loved. It was still a great read now that I'm very definitely not twelve anymore – a fabulous adventure full of suspense and excitement.
9. Smiler's Fair by Rebecca Levine
Smiler's Fair: the great moving carnival where any pleasure can be had, if you're willing to pay the price. They say all paths cross at Smiler's Fair. They say it'll change your life. For five people, Smiler's Fair will change everything.
In a land where unimaginable horror lurks in the shadows, where the very sun and moon are at war, five people – Nethmi, the orphaned daughter of a murdered nobleman, who in desperation commits an act that will haunt her forever. Dae Hyo, the skilled warrior, who discovers that a lifetime of bravery cannot make up for a single mistake. Eric, who follows his heart only to find that love exacts a terrible price. Marvan, the master swordsman, who takes more pleasure from killing than he should. And Krish, the humble goat-herd, with a destiny he hardly understands and can never accept – will discover just how much Smiler's Fair changes everything.
I used to read epic fantasy all the time but since having The Smalls they often seem too huge to even start, but I gave Smiler's Fair a go and I'm so glad I did. I had forgotten just how much I enjoy the multi-character, multi-storyline adventures and how they slowly come together and entwine to create one complex story. I loved it so much that the second book in the series is sat on my shelf waiting for me to pick up in 2016. (Full review here)
8. Timebomb by Scott K. Andrews
New York City, 2141: Yojana Patel throws herself off a skyscraper, but never hits the ground.
Cornwall, 1640: gentle young Dora Predennick, newly come to Sweetclover Hall to work, discovers a badly-burnt woman at the bottom of a flight of stairs. When she reaches out to comfort the dying woman, she's flung through time.
On a rainy night in present-day Cornwall: seventeen-year-old Kaz Cecka sneaks into the long-abandoned Sweetclover Hall, in search of a dry place to sleep. Instead he finds a frightened housemaid who believes Charles I is king and an angry girl who claims to come from the future.
Thrust into the centre of a war that spans millennia, Dora, Kaz and Jana must learn to harness powers they barely understand to escape not only villainous Lord Sweetclover but the forces of a fanatical army . . . all the while staying one step ahead of a mysterious woman known only as Quil.
This book was confusing almost from beginning to end and yet it was utterly compulsive and I couldn't put it down. I'm looking forward to picking up book two and being even more confused again.
7. Stone Mattress by Margaret Atwood
A collection of highly imaginative short pieces that speak to our times with deadly accuracy.
A recently widowed fantasy writer is guided through a stormy winter evening by the voice of her late husband. An elderly lady with Charles Bonnet syndrome comes to terms with the little people she keeps seeing, while a newly formed populist group gathers to burn down her retirement residence. A woman born with a genetic abnormality is mistaken for a vampire, and a crime committed long ago is revenged in the Arctic via a 1.9 billion-year-old stromatolite.
These nine stories were deliciously dark and very clever. They made me laugh and made me think – some of the best short stories I've ever had the pleasure of reading.
6. The Witch With No Name by Kim Harrison
Rachel Morgan has come a long way from her early days as an inexperienced bounty hunter. She's faced vampires and werewolves, banshees, witches, and soul-eating demons. She's crossed worlds, channeled gods, and accepted her place as a day-walking demon. She's lost friends and lovers and family, and an old enemy has unexpectedly become something much more.
But power demands responsibility, and world-changers must always pay a price. Rachel has known that this day would come–and now it is here.
To save Ivy's soul and the rest of the living vampires, to keep the demonic ever after and our own world from destruction, Rachel Morgan will risk everything…
This is one of my favourite book series of all time, I was so afraid of being disappointed by the last one and so thankful when I loved it. And also very sad that it's all over.
5. The Gospel Of Loki by Joanne M. Harris
Loki, that's me.
Loki, the Light-Bringer, the misunderstood, the elusive, the handsome and modest hero of this particular tissue of lies. Take it with a pinch of salt, but it's at least as true as the official version, and, dare I say it, more entertaining.
So far, history, such as it is, has cast me in a rather unflattering role.
Now it's my turn to take the stage.
With his notorious reputation for trickery and deception, and an ability to cause as many problems as he solves, Loki is a Norse god like no other. Demon-born, he is viewed with deepest suspicion by his fellow gods who will never accept him as one of their own and for this he vows to take his revenge.
From his recruitment by Odin from the realm of Chaos, through his years as the go-to man of Asgard, to his fall from grace in the build-up to Ragnarok, this is the unofficial history of the world's ultimate trickster.
This was a House of Blog Book Club read and I loved every single page of it. Funny and charming, sarcastic and witty and a brilliant page-turner – it appealed to my nerdy love of Norse Gods and my appreciation for dry sarcasm.
4. Starring Kitty by Keris Stainton
Sometimes the greatest love stories happen behind the scenes…
Kitty's keeping secrets. Like how she's struggling to cope with her mum's illness. And how she's falling for the girl with the purpley-red hair… A fun film competition with her friends Sunny and Hannah seems like the perfect distraction. But then Dylan wants to be more than Kitty's secret. Is Kitty ready to let her two worlds meet or will she risk losing Dylan forever?
Starring Kitty is the first in a new series about first love and friendship by much-loved teen author Keris Stainton.
Starring Kitty was, in a single word, adorable. It's the sort of YA love story that leaves you feeling all warm and fluffy and giggly inside. I have the second book on my wishlist to buy in 2016 because if it is anything like as feel-good as this one was, I want it on stand-by for when I'm having a bad day!
And now for the top three…
3. Lips Touch by Laini Taylor
Three tales of supernatural love, each pivoting on a kiss that is no mere kiss, but an action with profound consequences for the kissers' souls…
Another short story collection, this time just three stories, but each one was brilliant. Not at all fluffy love stories but twisted tales full of demons and goblins and half-truths. I was already a big fan of Laini Taylor and this collection just cemented my fandom. (Full review here)
2. Station Eleven by Emily St. John Mandel
What was lost in the collapse:
almost everything, almost everyone, but there is still such beauty.
One snowy night in Toronto famous actor Arthur Leander dies on stage whilst performing the role of a lifetime. That same evening a deadly virus touches down in North America.
The world will never be the same again.
Twenty years later Kirsten, an actress in the Travelling Symphony, performs Shakespeare in the settlements that have grown up since the collapse.
But then her newly hopeful world is threatened.
If civilization was lost, what would you preserve?
And how far would you go to protect it?
Station Eleven got a whole lot of hype and that usually ends in disappointment. Not this time. This time the hype was well deserved and I loved every second of the book. It wasn't at all what I expected and it is one of those books where, when you really think about it, nothing much really happens after the initial disaster, but it is still beautiful, thought-provoking and utterly compulsive.
1. Simon VS. The Homo Sapiens Agenda by Becky Albertalli
Sixteen-year-old and not-so-openly gay Simon Spier prefers to save his drama for the school musical. But when an email falls into the wrong hands, his secret is at risk of being thrust into the spotlight. Now Simon is actually being blackmailed: if he doesn't play wingman for class clown Martin, his sexual identity will become everyone's business. Worse, the privacy of Blue, the pen name of the boy he's been emailing, will be compromised.
With some messy dynamics emerging in his once tight-knit group of friends, and his email correspondence with Blue growing more flirtatious every day, Simon's junior year has suddenly gotten all kinds of complicated. Now, change-averse Simon has to find a way to step out of his comfort zone before he's pushed out—without alienating his friends, compromising himself, or fumbling a shot at happiness with the most confusing, adorable guy he's never met.
This book was brilliant. A great YA novel that encompassed coming-of-age, identity and sexuality and first romance without it being too fluffy or too heavy in any direction.
I think what made the book so brilliant where the characters that managed to both be incredibly real and yet also slightly exaggerated in all the best ways to make the story work. They were adorable and sweet and their online relationship reminded me of all the hours I spent on MSN and various other online chat platforms where you could be brave and say things to people without the pressures of being face to face, get to know each other without the horror of having to see their reactions to your confessions and deepest, darkest secrets. The way the characters get to know each other via email is adorable and means that they build their relationship on honesty and personality rather than just looks etc.
An articulate and funny read, Simon VS is my top book of 2015 not because it was literary genius or because it's groundbreaking or anything like that, but because it made me laugh and cry and think and because it was fun. Mostly that. It was good fun.
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4 thoughts on "My Top Ten Books of 2015"
Sarah MumofThree World says:
A really intriguing selection, none of which I have read! I especially like the sound of Simon Vs. I've recently discovered just how good YA books can be. I'd never really thought of reading them myself before.
Anita Cleare (@thinking_parent) says:
I love Margaret Atwood's short stories – a fabulous choice! #readwithme
Well that's given me plenty of ideas to add to my TBR list, I'm slowing down my reading this year, I read almost 200 in 2015.
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Spotlight on - Tim Caldwell
At Spotlight, we got the opportunity to talk to Tim Caldwell, Head Running Coach of Tim's Running World. We chatted about what it takes to start a business, the formula for success and advice to anyone starting out.
Business background
I'm a father of four children and am in a relationship with a wonderful and supportive partner. I'm sports-mad and love to spend as much time outside, being as active as possible! I've been a teacher for over 15 years but had wanted to make a career shift and move into running coaching, following my passion for the sport.
I've had numerous successes in coaching runners. The satisfaction gained from helping people discover newfound confidence in themselves, improved running style and speed and ultimately helping people be happier and healthier, convinced me I needed to take the plunge. I absolutely love the purity of running – there are no hiding places, it's just you against the clock and the other runners. I also love the general concept – if you work hard and are sensible, the rewards will come! It hasn't been an easy road though and has taken years to get to where I am now.
The biggest challenge has been trying to hold down a stressful full-time academic leadership position in teaching at a highly-regarded independent school, whilst trying to navigate a way of being able to start a running coaching business. Working out when to take the plunge has also been difficult, and I was so pleased that the timing has kind of worked in my favour to a certain extent with the Covid-19 situation. I handed in my teaching position resignation a matter of weeks prior to the Covid-19 pandemic really taking off in this country. If I'd left it any later, I don't think I would have handed in my notice due to the uncertain nature of everything. By then though, it was too late and the deed had been done. Now, I need to make it work!
Due to the way you have to give a lot of notice in teaching, I knew the best time to leave a full-time position was handing in my notice prior to Easter, so that I would have the school summer holidays as a time to ramp up promotional activities, organise the behind the scenes business organisational preparation etc before my teaching salary stopped at the end of August. This would give me the best chance to build a salary that, whilst unlikely to equal my teaching salary initially, would at least go some way towards it, as we transitioned as a family to our 'new normal'. I'm pleased to say that this wasn't a decision we took lightly, nor one that is all about me. We've been talking for a long time about our quality of life and family time. With me taking a step back from the rigidity and demand of working hours as a full-time leader in education, I am more available at home for all my children and for my partner. Nursery fees will be reduced too, and I'll get to spend more time with my youngest child, who won't be going to school for a few years yet!
In my role as a running coach, I feel most passionate about helping people to establish healthier, more active lives. I do feel that as a coach, there is an onus to ensure you're coaching the person in front of you, not just them as a runner. As such, and because of this philosophy, I like to develop honest relationships with my athletes and build a culture amongst us as a team. I work with a very wide range of ages, abilities, experiences and backgrounds. I think we can all learn from each other and be motivated and inspired by each other's achievements and efforts. My job is as much about the human side of communication and interaction as it is about the technical side of running. I like to think that I help runners with their mindset, attitude and self-belief as much as with how to prepare for a running session, how to protect against injury, or how to stretch properly.
Drive and determination
I have always wanted to do things for myself, rely on myself, and be accountable for what I do. I think this became more of a focus for me when my parents split up when I was a teenager. I learned to become more self-sufficient and not to rely on others. It can be frustrating and difficult at times when you have to give up some of that control to others, but playing team sports of football and cricket helped me, over time, to deal better with that and to know and be assured that it wasn't a damning indictment of me personally if my team lost, but a collective understanding that we didn't perform well enough as a group. Fortunately, we always won more than we lost, but I would never rest on my laurels. I was, and still am, always looking to improve – both as a person and as a runner and coach.
I've learned that not everyone is as motivated, honest and willing to work as a team as I'd like to think. Now I feel like I'm in a position where I get to choose who I work with much more and if I don't like how they operate, we can go our separate ways. I quite like this flexibility and freedom!
Advice to anyone starting their career:
Pursue something you enjoy – you'll become brilliant at it in time and it will keep you much happier than just a big paycheck.
Keep looking for ways to try new things and put yourself in uncomfortable positions – it's where you learn most about yourself.
Don't compare yourself with others. You are so different from every other person, comparing just isn't healthy or meaningful. It's a waste of energy!
Do your research, chew it over, speak to people who have done it for themselves. Starting a business can sound like a romantic dream, but the reality is very different. It's important to consider your 'why' and really dig deep into that and see if it's a valid reason to take the plunge.
This is all advice I didn't want to hear myself! But, it is absolutely true. You need to really consider it and perhaps even experience it in small doses, or for a short period of time before taking the plunge.
The best advice I have been given is 'just do it!' Apart from the brand association, this was the mantra a number of business owners told me about their journey into working for themselves. There is no 'right' time – you have to make it the right time through hard work, smart work, research and a bit of luck goes a long way too!
For leadership positions:
Get a mentor in a leadership position that you admire and respect. Watch how they work, question them, challenge them (appropriately!) and record whatever they tell you and think deeply on what they've said.
Also, be prepared to not be 'part of the gang' any more. In Leadership, necessarily in my view, there needs to be a bit of distance from the group you lead. Not a gaping canyon, but you need to understand you won't necessarily be asked to the socials, included in the WhatsApp workgroup, or be allowed into that banter as you were before. You need to be more accountable, be seen to be calm, bite your tongue, think before you speak…there is a lot to consider, so it isn't all about earning more money!
Be sensitive to the team's needs and each individual's needs. Each person might need something a bit different, a message delivered a different way or speaking to in a certain way. If you understand this and work to create and develop a team ethos, you won't go far wrong.
There are two highs that I can't separate! The first one is witnessing an athlete's reaction when they achieve something they didn't think was even possible for them. The second is seeing athletes adopt new ways of doing things that lead to improvements. Absolute job satisfaction heaven!
In terms of lows, discovering an athlete is injured is definitely the worst. My heart goes out to them and it's just the worst thing for an athlete, regardless of their ability or standard. This, and the admin side of things – it's not something I enjoy at all, but it is absolutely necessary! So, for now, I pick up all of this, but I'm hopeful that in the future, I'll reach a point when I can hire someone to do this part of the work for me!
The pattern or formula is to never sit on your laurels or stop learning. A great case in point was what Sir Alex Ferguson achieved at Manchester United. He never stopped trying to improve his team, the way they did things and he always managed to get the most from his players individually and collectively. That eagerness for re-invention within an accepted structure where people knew their roles, is inspiring. There are many other examples too, but this really stands out for me in the world of sport!
I've had to consider my initial business approach and shift how I've marketed my services already, mainly due to the sheer volume of cancelled events. The events are generally what people want a running coach to help them prepare for, so a shift in focus has been required. I am now working with not only runners but also footballers, triathletes and rugby players, helping them improve and get fit for when competition resumes!
What is essential is being prepared to pick up the phone and talk. Forget the email ping-pong and have those conversations. I really liked a tip I saw recently where teams would have small group coffee breaks at the same time over a Zoom call, to encourage that informal communication, which is so rich and really can help bring the team closer together.
As I mentioned above, I've had to adapt what and how I offer my services. I'm keeping financial outlay to a minimum and working hard to ensure that the athletes I work with have the best possible experience of coaching. My work is both face to face and online, so I've been able to adapt as has been appropriate in terms of what I focus on in different stages of the lockdown. I just can't wait to see things return to a new version of normal which I hope will be more environmentally friendly, more healthy, more active and generally more positive. It's certainly what I'm working towards in my business.
If you enjoyed this blog check out more just like it here. You can find out more about Tim and his running coaching business here. Find Tim on Instagram, Twitter, or Facebook.


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The Independent New York 2017. Melike Kara at Peres Project (Berlin)
A Look Back at The Independent New York 2017 0
"Compared to the rodeo that is The Armory Show, Independent New York is like a yoga retreat (almost)"
Weronika Trojańska*
Right after when the New York Fashion Week left the city, the spotlight fell onto another important event – the New York Art Fairs. Many people would ask, what are both if not about connecting, networking, establishing brands and trends on the market? "With another concentrated week of New York art fairs upon us, it is all too easy to knock the experience, which leaves collectors shuttling in a daze from pier to pier and artists feeling like cows visiting a slaughterhouse."[1] wrote Cornell DeWitt, art business strategist, in his recent text for The Art Newspaper, where he also pointed the "fair-tigue" syndrome "that galleries and visitors face, by allowing more galleries of the appropriate calibre to participate".
Múrias Centeno (Lisbon/Porto), installation view
During the prolonged weekend (from 2nd to 5th of March) the city is hosting more a few fairs and related art shows and events. Apart from the Armory Show, America's leading fine art fair, VOLTA, solo project fair for contemporary art, or showcasing new art NADA New York, the other significant position on the art market map belongs to the Independent New York.
Established in 2010 it has already emerged as a prominent art fair. Created by the gallerists Elizabeth Dee (Elizabeth Dee Gallery in New York City) and Darren Flook, and developed in conjunction with creative advisor Matthew Higgs and director Laura Mitterrand, the Independent futures this year a selection of more than 40 international contemporary galleries and non-profit institution. Carefully selected participants "represent the art world's most creative and inspired curatorial visions from cross-section of emerging, mid-carrier and established programs"[2]. Among them are for instance: Gavin Brown's enterprise, Anton Kern Gallery and White Columns from New York, Sprüth Magers (Berlin, London, Los Angleses), Peres Project (Berlin), Maureen Paley (London), or Galerie Perrotin (Paris, New York, Hong Kong, Seoul, Tokyo), which participates in the Independent for the first time.
Ana Cardoso at Múrias Centeno (Lisbon/Porto)
The booths' displays are not much different than regular exhibitions' leitmotivs at the galleries' "headquarters", and their general taste and interests. However for this annual edition curation had been made around five themes including: solo exhibition for women artists (such as Barbara Bloom at David Lewis, Tatiana Trouvé at the Galerie Perrotin, or Darja Bajagić at the CARLOS/ISHIKAWA), 1980s generation artists (including Hal Fisher's presentation at the Project Native Informant or Julia Wachtel and Doug Ashford at Elizabeth Dee), key works from the 70s (André Cadere at Hervé Biza or Peter Hujar at Maureen Paley), intergenerational groupings, which showcase innovative presentations of works of different areas (including inter alia Cabrita Rais, Art & Language, Kabakov, Durham and Mikhailov at SPROVIERI), and site-specific installations prepared by Jack Hanley, Triple Canopy, Peres Project, and Anton Kern Gallery.
Last year the Independ New York moved from Dia buildings in West Chelsea, and made its debut at the flooded with light Spring Studios building in Tribeca, where it occupies its four floors, which plan had been divided by simple grid that feels more familiar to big fairs. "Compared to the rodeo that is The Armory Show, Independent New York is like a yoga retreat (almost)".[3]
Christian Kosmas Mayer, Thomas Bayrle at Galerie Mezzanin (Geneva), installation view
Daria Bajagić at CARLOS/ISHIKAWA (London)
Garth Greenan Gallery, (New York), installation view
Ladon Metz and Ervin Loffler at VI, VII (Oslo)
The Approach (London), installation view
Elizabeth Dee Gallery (New York)
Martos Gallery (New York)
David Shrigley at Anton Kern Gallery (New York)
Udomsak Krisanamis at Gavin Brown's enterprise (New York)
Karma (New York), installation view
The Modern Institute (Glasgow), installation view
Kaari Upson at Sprüth Magers (Berlin/London/Los Angeles)
Melike Kara at Peres Project (Berlin)
Barbara Bloom at David Lewis (New York)
[1] theartnewspaper.com
[2] from press information
[3] www.wallpaper.com
*Bio: Weronika Trojańska is an artist and art writer. She graduated from Academy of Fine Arts (Art Criticism and Art Promotion) in Poznań and Sandberg Instituut (Fine Arts) in Amsterdam. In her practice she investigate the notion of artists' auto/biography as fictional construct. She writes regularly for art magazine Metropolis My, among others. Currently she lives and works in Poland.


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Martinsville's tallest building in uptown will be transformed into housing
MARTINSVILLE, Va. (WDBJ) - Built in 1956 as the BB&T building, the structure is the tallest in uptown Martinsville. Now, the cash registers, ATMs, and offices will be transformed into bedrooms, a fitness center, and a commercial space.
In 2020, the bank vacated the building, and the city acquired it for $25,000.
"It's very iconic. It is the tallest building in the city, and it definitely is worth saving," said Martinsville Mayor Kathy Lawson.
Two weeks ago, the city council approved a proposal to build One Ellsworth, a 69-apartment complex with a mountain view-rooftop event space.
"We know we have a need for housing in the Martinsville and Henry County area," added Lawson.
The project will be spearheaded by JRS Realty Partners to be completed in 2025. Its goal is to keep the apartments affordable. The monthly rent is estimated to be in the 650-to-995-dollar price range.
"People who are first responders, teachers, nurses. People who are traveling, commuting into town from outside areas, taking their paycheck home with them when they could be spending it here," said JRS Realty Partner Jim Cherney.
They hope the project will help revitalize uptown.
"When you bring it back to life it means a lot to the local community. You have people living in it, spending their time downtown, spending their dollars downtown. This can be a game changer for the city of Martinsville," said JRS Realty Partner John Garland.
Martinsville's mayor says it will help advance the economic development in the city.
"It's growing our tax base in an area that is landlocked," explained Lawson. "So that's a win-win also."
This is the fourth historic building JRS Realty partners will be repurposing in the Martinsville-Henry County area, investing $20 million in total.


A Day of Zen starts with light continental breakfast and a brief orientation. Please be in the zendo no later than 7:45 a.m. All registered participants are welcome to enjoy lunch, which is served at 1:00 p.m.
Please wear comfortable black or dark clothing. It is also helpful to have a pair of slip-on shoes for going in and out of the zendo. You may sit on a meditation cushions or chair, or switch back and forth with each sit. Instructions for meditation and posture are an important part of the Day of Zen. We will also have periods of walking meditation outside, weather permitting, so bring whatever outerwear you need.
Parking is easy at Artspace with our free parking sticker. If it is your first visit, please ask a volunteer for your sticker and immediately place it at the top of your front windshield, on the driver's side. You may park at any time in signed visitor spaces (40-59) at the front of the building, or in the Macaroni Flats parking lot to the south. Towing/booting is strictly enforced for reserved resident parking in the south lot and at the front and back of the building.


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You'll never leave the house —
Sky launches VR app, lets you hang out with David Beckham
Free app features 360-degree video from the likes of Disney, Fox, and Sky.
Mark Walton - Oct 3, 2016 10:17 am UTC
British satellite broadcaster Sky has jumped on the virtual reality bandwagon with Sky VR, a free app for Android, iOS, and Oculus Rift that showcases a bunch of 360-degree videos.
And while that might not sound all that exciting on paper—360-degree video is not the most innovative way to use VR, after all—thanks to Sky's broadcasting pedigree there's some intriguing content on offer.
For starters, there are free snippets of sporting events courtesy of the Sky VR Studio, which launched back in March, as well as content from partner brands. Those include clips from Disney's The Jungle Book, Fox Innovation Lab's The Martian Sneak Peek, and Baobab Studios' Invasion, a VR animation about a duo of aliens aiming to take over the world.
Hardcore Star Wars fans might also like the inclusion of Star Wars: Red Carpet from Sky Cinema, which lets you get up close and personal with stars from the movie. Although, this being a mere 360-degree video, you'll have to forgo challenging John Boyega to a lightsaber fight.
Sky's hoping its Google collaboration Sky Sports: Closer, which features David Beckham entering a "Sky VR simulator," will pull in the most punters, though. The app sees Beckham transported to some of the worlds best sporting events, including trackside at a Silverstone F1 race and ringside at an Anthony Joshua fight.
If none of that floats your boat, Sky is launching a 360-degree version of Giselle from the English National Ballet later this month, as well as offering clips from US election news broadcasts.
Sure, Sky VR is basically one giant advert for Sky's satellite service—expect a few clips that try to up-sell viewers to the ludicrously expensive 4K Sky Q service—but hey, it's free, and if you're new to VR it's not a bad way to see what the medium has to offer.
Sky Q launches on February 9 and it doesn't come cheap
Sky VR is available now in the UK, Italy, Germany, Austria, Australia, NZ, and the US. Subscribers will need a Google Cardboard, Samsung Gear VR, Oculus Rift, or any VR headset that docks a smartphone running iOS 8.1 or Android 5.0 Lollipop.
Mark Walton Mark is Consumer Editor at Ars Technica UK by day, and keen musician by night. He hails from the UK, the home of ARM, heavy metal, and superior chocolate.
Email mark.walton@arstechnica.co.uk // Twitter @markalexwalton


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SVCC Rolls to 90-63 Win
Jan 23 | 5:30 PM
The Southside Virginia Community College men's basketball team broke out to a double-digit lead eight minutes in and never looked back in picking up a 90-63 victory over Bryant & Stratton MIT on Sunday afternoon.
The victory improved the Panthers to 4-3 on the season.
SVCC trailed early but a rebound and putback by Marquise Petty gave the Panthers a 11-10 lead at the 15:52 mark of the first half.
Two straight buckets by Jermonta James extended the SVCC lead to 17-10 lead at the 14:57 mark.
A 3-point play by Tae Holmes gave the Panthers a 30-17 at the 9:23 mark of the first half.
A bucket by Petty gave SVCC a 42-22 lead at the 6:43 mark but Bryant & Stratton fought back to close the margin to 47-38 at the halftime break.
The Panthers picked back up where they left off in the second half as treys by James and Joseph Jiggetts ran the lead to 64-47 at the 11:26 mark.
Two treys by Holmes extended the lead to 73-58 at the 6:50 mark and the local team cruised down the stretch to the lopsided win.
Holmes and James led SVCC with 17 points apiece while Petty scored 15 and David Gant added 10.
SVCC will return home on Saturday to face the College of Southern Maryland at 2 p.m. at Park View HS.
SVCC……….47 43 - 90
BS…………..38 25 - 63
SVCC – Holmes 17, Petty 15, Atwater 8, James 17, Gant 10, Joshua Jiggetts 8, Joseph Jiggetts 5, Joyner 6, Callis 2, Trent 3.
SVCC's Tae Holmes looks for an opening on this drive between two Bryant & Stratton MIT defenders in action from the Panthers' 90-63 win on Sunday afternoon.
(Dennis Smith)


Anorexia nervosa is a restricting type of eating disorder that involves an unhealthy, severe reduction of food intake due to body dissatisfaction and extreme concern about weight. Individuals with anorexia nervosa see themselves as overweight even though they are dangerously thin. Women are more likely than men to develop an eating disorder and approximately 0.5 to 3.7 percent of women specifically suffer from anorexia nervosa in their lifetime. It is the most common cause of death among young women. The mortality rate for anorexia is 0.56 percent per year, which is about 12 times higher than all other causes of death among females ages 15-24 in the general population. The course and outcome of this eating disorder vary across individuals; some individuals can fully recover after a single episode but some experience a continuing deterioration from this illness over years. Individuals with anorexia repeatedly check their body weight, avoid eating food or eat food in tiny quantities, and engage in various techniques to control their weight, such as intense exercise or abuse of laxatives. Adolescent girls with anorexia experience amenorrhea, which is an absence or delayed menstruation.
An early diagnosis of anorexia nervosa can increase a successful outcome of treatment and medication should be considered after a healthy weight gain has been reached. Certain SSRIs (serotonin reuptake inhibitors) have been helpful for weight maintaining and resolving mood and anxiety symptoms for this disease. Once individuals with anorexia have gained weight and malnutrition has been restored, psychotherapy can help them overcome deeply-rooted self-esteem issues and body image distortions.


Portland State University. Department of Social Work.
School maladjustment incidence studies estimate that thirty percent of American school children experience school adaptation problems and that about ten percent need immediate clinical attention. (Glidewell, 1969) Various labels, including school maladjustment, school maladaptation, school dysfunction, soclo-emotional disorders and emotional disturbance have been used more or less interchangeably in current research to refer to this thirty percent of the school population. A leading researcher in the field, Emory L. Cowen, considers children to be "maladapted when they are unable, because of prior history and personal qualities or skill deficiencies, to cope with the educational or behavioral demands that the school environment places on them." (Cowen, 1971a) The development of accurate and economical procedures for the early identification of school maladaptation has become the goal of many mental health specialists and educators. Most often emphasis is placed on the need to make more efficient use of the limited mental health facilities available to the school systems. But in addition to case finding and treatment, Initial prevention of school maladaptatlon has been proposed as a long range goal for educational systems. As Cowen points out, the mental health approach requires that we move away from "near exclusive emphasis on repairing rooted dysfunction in favor of exploring programs designed to prevent disorder." (Cowen, 1973).
Holmes, Julie D. and Bartlett, Janice L., "Predicting and Detecting First Grade School Adjustment" (1973). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 1663.


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Proposed Regulations for CCUS Tax Credit: Greater Certainty for Developers and Investors
On Thursday, May 28, the Treasury Department (Treasury) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) issued proposed regulations (REG-112339) for the §45Q, Credit for Carbon Oxide Sequestration, of the Internal Revenue Code (Title 26 of U.S. Code). The proposed regulations provide critical guidance on the meaning of secure geological storage, transferability of the credit, recapturing the credit, and the lifecycle analysis required for the utilization of carbon oxides. On May 19, 2019, the Treasury and IRS issued Notice 2019-32 requesting comments on these critical issues (VNF Alert on Notice 2019-32). This guidance is based on the comments that were submitted in response to that Notice.
The proposed regulations should provide certainty to project developers and investors that their capture projects will qualify for the §45Q tax credit as modified in the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (BBA). The modifications in the BBA were designed to enhance the existing tax incentive for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) and promote investment in CCUS technology and the implementation of carbon capture projects at electric generating plants and industrial facilities.
The regulations are proposed to be effective for taxable years beginning after the date the Treasury Decision on the final regulations is published in the Federal Register, although taxpayers may choose to apply the final regulations for taxable years beginning on or after February 9, 2018. Alternatively, before the final regulations are published, taxpayers, who follow the proposed regulations in their entirety and in a consistent manner, may rely on the proposed regulations for taxable years beginning on or after February 9, 2018, and before the date the final regulations are published in the Federal Register.
These proposed regulations address critical issues that were not addressed in IRS Notice 2020-12 and Revenue Procedure 2020-12. The Notice provided guidance on the determination of beginning of construction for an industrial facility with carbon capture and the definition of a single project that includes multiple capture facilities at one or more industrial facilities. The revenue procedure includes safe harbor requirements to provide certainty for tax equity partnerships investing in carbon capture projects.
In issuing these proposed regulations, the Treasury and IRS requested comments on the issues addressed. Those comments will be due 60 days after the date the regulations are formally published in the Federal Register which should be within the next few weeks. In addition, the Treasury and IRS are still accepting comments on the issues raised by Notice 2020-12 and Revenue Procedure 2020-12.
It will be very important for the owners of industrial facilities and power plants; carbon capture technology companies; companies involved in enhanced oil recovery; project developers; and investors to review these proposed regulations and provide comments on issues they believe need to be addressed before these regulations are finalized by the Treasury and IRS. Continued involvement in this process is the only way to ensure that the Treasury and IRS produce the necessary guidance to implement this credit in a way that will promote the development of carbon capture, utilization and storage technology with environmental integrity.
Secure Geologic Storage
The most critical issue for project developers and investors to determine if a project qualifies for the credit is how to fulfill the requirement that carbon oxides be disposed of in secure geologic storage. For carbon oxides stored and not used in EOR, the proposed regulations require the carbon oxides to be stored in compliance with EPA's Subpart RR requirements and the applicable underground injection control (UIC) program. For carbon oxides stored through injection in an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project, the carbon oxide must be stored in compliance with either EPA's Subpart RR rules or the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Standard as endorsed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the applicable UIC program. Several commenters had suggested using state reporting rules as an alternative; however the Treasury and IRS declined to allow taxpayers that option.
Recapture
The proposed regulations adopt a recapture period that begins on the date the first qualified carbon oxide (QCO) is injected and ends on the date that is the earlier of five years after the last taxable year in which the taxpayer claimed a section 45Q credit or the date monitoring ends under the secure geologic storage requirements. In addition, the proposed regulations contain a five-year look-back period for releases of previously sequestered carbon oxides that may be recaptured. The proposed regulations do not adopt the safe harbor recommended by many commenters for no recapture when the injection is done in compliance with the applicable standards provided by subpart RR or ISO/ANSI and the UIC program.
Transferability of the Credit
For taxpayers that own the carbon capture equipment and want to make a section 45Q(f)(3)(B) election to transfer the credit to the party that sequesters or uses the captured carbon oxide, the proposed regulations provide the details on the party who makes the election and describe the time and manner for making the election on the Form 8933 that will be revised to provide for the election.
The proposed regulations explain how taxpayers may claim a credit under section 45Q(f)(5)(A) for utilizing carbon oxides "for any other purpose for which a commercial market exists." The taxpayer is to use a lifecycle analysis that is consistent with ISO Standard 14044:2006, "Environmental management – Life Cycle assessment – Requirements and Guidelines" and the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) report must be performed or verified by an independent third-party. The IRS is specifically soliciting comments on data, models, or other evidence that could enhance the LCA reporting requirement.
Contract Requirements
The proposed regulations provide a framework for the types of contracts, terms, and reporting requirements that taxpayers can use to demonstrate the contractual assurance of the capture and disposal, injection, or use of qualified carbon oxide. Taxpayers are required to contractually ensure the disposal, injection, or utilization of qualified carbon oxide in a binding written contract that includes commercially reasonable terms that provides for enforcement. While the proposed regulations require contracts include a mechanism for enforcement, no specific enforcement-related provision is proposed.
Definition of Key Terms
The proposed regulations provide detailed definitions for the following terms:
Qualified carbon oxide.
Recycled carbon oxide
Carbon capture equipment
Electricity generating facility
Direct air capture facility
Qualified facility
§45Q(d)(2)(A) Facility
§45Q(d)(2)(B) Facility
§45Q(d)(2)(C) Facility
Applicable facility
Retrofitted qualified facility or carbon capture equipment (80/20 Rule)
Qualified enhanced oil or natural gas recovery project
If you need more information on these issues or assistance in determining how to provide comments on these proposed regulations, please contact Michael Platner or your relationship partner at Van Ness Feldman LLP.
Michael Platner has over 30 years of experience in the tax policy field including several years as the Tax and Trade Counsel for a senior member of the Senate Finance Committee and extensive experience managing tax policy, legislative and regulatory issues for trade associations and multinational companies. His practice focuses on providing strategic advice, counsel, and lobbying assistance to clients on US and international tax, trade, and energy policy issues.
Follow us on Twitter @VanNessFeldman
7/29/2020 – DOE Loan Guarantees: What CCUS Developers Need to Know
6/11/2020 – VNF Live - 45Q Proposed Regulations: What Project Developers and Investors Need to Know
Alert Authors
Michael L. Platner


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Location: the ninth circle of Hell
Mood: busy
My 2010/2011 Television Schedule
Yeah. It's going to be Hellacious once again.
I'm sure there are a few shows that I missed. I know In Plain Sight, Rizzoli & Isles, and Covert Affairs all got renewed, but I haven't heard anything about the scheduling for the new seasons.
10pm AMC The Walking Dead (10/31)
9pm NBC The Event (9/20)
10pm ABC Castle (9/20)
10pm CBS Hawaii Five-O (9/20)
8pm ABC No Ordinary Family (9/28)
9pm FUX Raising Hope (9/21)
10pm CBS The Good Wife (9/28)
10pm FX Sons of Anarchy (9/7)
9pm NBC L&O: SVU (9/22)
10pm NBC L&O: LA (9/29)
10pm NBC Outlaw (Special Premiere on 9/15, then moves to Fridays)
10pm FX Terriers (9/8)
8pm CW The Vampire Diaries (9/9)
8pm FUX Bones (9/23)
9pm CBS CSI (9/23)
9pm CW Nikita (9/9)
9pm FUX Fringe (9/23)
10pm CBS The Mentalist (9/23)
8pm FUX Human Target (10/1)
9pm ABC Body of Proof (TBD)
9pm CW Supernatural (9/24)
10pm CBS Blue Bloods (9/24)
10pm NBC Outlaw
*I predict at least three of these shows will fall off of my schedule by November. Anyone want to guess which ones?
*This schedule does not include the Red Wings game schedule.
*Leverage's mid-season Finale is September 5th, but the Gang will be back in December (I believe) with 3 final episodes.
*White Collar finishes up September 7th. Per Wikipedia: The nine-episode summer season will run through September 7, 2010 finish with a seven-episode winter season beginning in January 2011.
*Burn Notice will return on November 11th with one more episode. That's just...really lame.
*James Marsters is going to be in a new series on Siffy. Three Inches (heh heh) starts filming on Monday, August 30th.
*Remember the reboot of The Rockford Files that was in the works, starring Dermot Mulroney? NBC shot the Pilot, but decided Dermot sucked (poor dude), so he's out. Buuuut, NBC allegedly still likes the idea of tRF. Josh Holloway's name has been bandied about as a possible replacement.
*Wasn't Christian Slater supposed to get another series? I can't find any recent news about this.
Okie dokie. I think that's it...for now!
Tags: my shows, television


text:
Forma poètica de la paraula «lliri».
Exemple:
Serventa de la Verge, Blanca d'Espill era conhort de pobres i pelegrins,
''per tots anomenada la flor de llir.
Manuel Milà i Fontanals (Vilafranca del Penedès, 1818 - 1884)
 Llir entre cards, una de les obres d'Ausiàs March