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Is the Face Mask Epidemic "Bringing on the Dumbing Down of Society?"
By John C. A. Manley
Global Research, August 12, 2020
Theme: Science and Medicine
"The mask is just as detrimental to society as vaccinations," says Rose Davidson in a viral video. "One is more physical and more immediate in its damage. And then the mask is a more slow, creeping, incremental bringing on of the dumbing down of society and ultimate compliance."
I agree with Davidson that the mask dictate appears to be a clever step towards "ultimate compliance;" but is it really "bringing on the dumbing down of society?" Rather I suspect that blind submission to unscientific masking policies is a product, rather than a cause, of the dumbing down of society.
John Taylor Gatto was a recipient of the New York State Teacher of the Year Award. In his book, Dumbing Us Down: The Hidden Curriculum of Compulsory Schooling, he apologetically writes:
"Good students wait for a teacher to tell them what to do. This is the most important lesson of them all: we must wait, for other people, better trained than ourselves, to make the meanings of our lives. The expert makes all the important choices; only I, the teacher, can determine what my kids must study, or rather, only the people who pay me can make those decisions, which I then enforce…. Curiosity has no important place in my work, only conformity."
Bestselling medical writer Dr. Vernon Coleman made a similar argument in a recent article:
"[Mask wearers] have never been properly educated; they are content to believe what they are told or what they read on a lavatory wall… The education process devised by the United Nations over the last few decades has been designed to enforce a belief in collectivism. And that is what has happened."
I think this is important to keep in mind when dealing with the people who believe mask wearing is saving lives. After all, someone with a stethoscope on the news told them so. Most people (including doctors, I suspect) have never actually read a single study (no less these seven) on the effectiveness of mask wearing.
Next post, I'll talk about how we might be able to use this mask farce to bring on the smartening up of society.
Note to readers: please click the share buttons above or below. Forward this article to your email lists. Crosspost on your blog site, internet forums. etc.
John C. A. Manley has spent over a decade ghostwriting for medical doctors, as well as naturopaths, chiropractors and Ayurvedic physicians. He publishes the COVID-19(84) Red Pill Daily Briefs – an email-based newsletter dedicated to preventing the governments of the world from using an exaggerated pandemic as an excuse to violate our freedom, health, privacy, livelihood and humanity. He is also writing a novella, COVID-27: A Dystopian Love Story. Visit his website at: MuchAdoAboutCorona.ca.
Featured image: A woman wearing a face mask is seen in the subway in Milan, Italy, March 2, 2020.(Photo by Daniele Mascolo/Xinhua)
Copyright © John C. A. Manley, Global Research, 2020
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Articles by: John C. A. Manley
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Issues for organising your first financial institution accounts. Some could give you a specified number of transactions you can also make earlier than they charge extra usage fees. Just take a picture of the test with PayPal's cellular app in your Android or iPhone, and the funds can be deposited within 2-three enterprise days. Some people tell me that if u are doing business, Wells Fargo is best choice, however I had never tried since their transaction fees and mantance charges are greater than customary rate.
KeyBank offers you $400 whenever you open a KeyBank premium checking account with supply code RETK1117, make one direct deposit of $500 or more inside 60 days. Although joint financial institution accounts inspire teamwork and openness in marriage, my husband and I undoubtedly had some tense moments over the past 5 years of banking together. I was particularly excited by Ally as a business banking choice and now I know it's a no go.
Every of those awesome checking and savings accounts provides you with an enormous signal-up bonus — only for creating your account. The term free" is debatable since most checking accounts reserve the right to charge charges for certain actions, like in the event you overdraw your account. Additionally they have excellent customer service and have been able to help me with getting my paycheck deposited and a laundry list of other points as we tried to navigate the difficult waters of worldwide banking.
USAA presents free checking with a minimal opening stability of $25.
A checking account needs to be versatile. You'll be able to keep away from the $eleven.ninety five month-to-month service fee once you meet ONE of the following throughout your monthly statement cycle: a) keep a month-to-month common steadiness of at the very least $1,000, OR b) are age sixty five or older and have no less than one direct deposit, OR c) make at the very least 10 Webster Visa Debit Card purchases (ATM transactions don't qualify, nor do any purchases using an ATM-solely card).
CIT Financial institution could also be the best choice for you because the curiosity you earn on your steadiness will probably beat out most other cash bonuses, especially over longer intervals of time. If you have not heard of Compass Bank BBVA, you must take the time to familiarize yourself with the organization, their on-line money market account will make it price your time. Banking to pay my bank card bills.
Many banks provide a number of accounts. Why It Wins: BECU helps you to keep away from month-to-month and out-of-network charges on checking and savings, while paying unimaginable interest rates. Why It Wins: Northwest wins for a checking account with neither monthly fees nor ATM fees, plus a broad branch footprint and a high customer service rating from J.D. Power. Open a new checking account in The Citi Account Bundle and you would get a $300 cash bonus.
There is a $25 monthly service fee that is waived when you preserve a stability of $10,000 or more and also you get all kinds of other perks with the Citi Priority Account Package.


If I had a spare $900 lying around, I would jump on a flight to Bangkok, go straight to Cafe Claire and place my order. 1 large cappuccino and a smoked salmon & egg bagel with cream cheese and capers. (In my hypothetical they are open, serving breakfast and have the best table available for me. And I look fresh as a daisy because I was upgraded- naturally). When finished, I would ask the waiter to kindly bring me another one of each. Yep, that's how good this coffee & bagel was. I still spend an awkward amount of time thinking about them actually. Lucky I took photos- I guess my next step would be getting them framed?
Rewind to May 21st, when Jase and I had 24 hours in Bangkok before catching out connecting flight to Paris. Our hotel was the amazing Oriental Residence (review here: http://www.outoftheoffice.com.au/oriental-residence-bangkok/) where the gorgeous little french style Cafe Claire is situated, attached to the hotel.
We have 2 meals at this property- dinner and breakfast- both are fantastic. Dinner included signature fruit cocktails, beer/wine and 2 Thai curries. We finish with a small but delicious baked alaska- something I haven't had in about 15 years- and it was just as good as I remember. For breakfast, we are given the option of buffet or a la carte, and we opt for the latter. Jase goes with the fluffy scrambled eggs, tomatoes, potato rosti, grilled asparagus and sour dough toast. And....I don't have to remind you what I have- THAT BAGEL.
I'm not sure if it was the combination of having an amazing sleep, being on holidays and being starving- but I can't ever remember such a simple meal being so satisfying. A fresh bagel, cream cheese, buttery eggs, salty salmon and peppery baby rocket. All washed down with my favourite coffee in the world- illy - which is a very strong, but not-at-all-bitter coffee. I guess when simple things are done perfectly, it just can't be beaten.
If you find yourself in Bangkok and want a romantic, intimate meal- or just a delicious breakfast- definitely consider Cafe Claire. And consider ordering......yep, you guessed it.


The myth of educating the students comes well down the list of priorities.
We must face the fact today's education is an industry — a business chasing the dollar like any other. Whether public education or colleges and universities, collecting money is their primary objective. One could say greed is the motivation. The myth of educating the students comes well down the list of priorities.
Unlike other capitalistic businesses, striving for success to increase profits, education is much like government, profiting from failure. Lamenting their failures, they cry for more money to fix, stifling motivation to get better and improve. Educators, like politicians, have discovered that failure is profitable in their industries.
The failure to educate promotes the future expansion of the education industry. Failing to create self-sufficient individuals indoctrinates them into socialist dependence, leaning on the education industry for help. No wonder education is being usurped by government thinking. The objective of dependence is desired by both education and government industries.
Because of this motivation, a majority of educators have become politicians. School superintendents are trained in political manipulation, as are teachers. Their political agendas and indoctrinating students into them are the goals of teachers' unions and administrator associations. Our education systems are as corrupt as government — for the educator, not the children.


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Welcome to Databases
Fundamentals of Databases
Extended-Entity Relationship Model
EER Relational Mapping
Relational Algebra and Calculus
Efficiency, Indexing, and Physical Database Design
Efficiency, Indexing, Physical Database Design
Why Should You Care
Main Memory vs. Disk
Heap Unsorted
Sorted File
Primary Index: Part 1
Primary Index Part: 2
Secondary Index
Multilevel Index
Multilevel Index: B+ Tree
Static Hashing: Part 1
Notice a tyop typo? Please submit an issue or open a PR.
The physical database design and the resulting efficiency are critical when building database applications. We may have done an outstanding job designing and implementing the database itself and the applications that run on top of it, but if they are too slow to be useful, then it doesn't matter. Let's look at some tools we have to physically design the database, organize the data, index it, and get to it quickly.
There are two kinds of storage, or memory, in a computer. The bulk of data and applications are stored in secondary storage, which is usually a physical disk. Random access memory (RAM), also known as main memory, stores the currently running programs and their data. Applications run by the CPU can only query and update data stored in main memory. A bus allows us to transport data between disk and main memory.
Main memory is volatile and expensive, needing constant power to maintain its state. Relative to secondary memory, main memory can hold much less data and is faster to access. Secondary memory is permanent storage that is cheaper to maintain since it does not need power to keep its state. Relative to main memory, it can hold much more data and is slower to access.
Only a tiny fraction of a real database will fit in main memory. As a result, we must have auxiliary programs, such as buffer management programs, that enable us to transport data between main and secondary memory. People who talk about main memory databases are not talking about databases. They are talking about toys. Going forward, we will assume that the vast majority of the database will be stored on disk and only a tiny fraction will be in main memory at any given point in time.
Let's briefly discuss why we should care about how long it takes to access data in main memory and on disk. Main memory access typically takes thirty nanoseconds, or 3×10−73 \times 10^{-7}3×10−7 seconds. In comparison, disk access takes ten milliseconds, or 1×10−21 \times 10^{-2}1×10−2 seconds. In other words, we can perform 3×1053 \times 10^53×105 main memory accesses for every disk access. This difference is so significant that we actually ignore main memory access time when performing cost computations and only count disk access time, also known as the I/O cost.
Let's use a phone book as a metaphor to illustrate the difference between main memory access and disk access. We can think about main memory access as processing the currently open phone book page. Assume that it takes one minute to complete. Disk access, on the other hand, corresponds to flipping the phone book to the next page available for processing. How long would that take? Given that the difference between main memory access and disk access is five orders of magnitude, it would take two hundred days to open the book to the next page. Once that page is open, we can read it in one minute.
To understand how data resides in secondary storage, let's first understand the structure of a disk. A disk consists of several circular plates known as platters, which all sit on the same spindle and rotate together. Read-write heads access the top and bottom of each platter, and an actuator connects all the read-write heads and moves them together in a synchronized fashion, rotating to move them closer to or further from the center of the platter. On each platter surface, what passes under the read-write head in that position is called a track. Each platter, therefore, exposes two tracks. The collection of tracks passing under the read-write heads is known as a cylinder.
Each platter surface is split into sectors. A sector is the smallest physical data unit, 512 bytes, that can be transported from disk to main memory. A block comprises multiple sectors and, depending on what type of data we need to store on disk, typically contains 4kB, 8kB, or 16kB of data, corresponding to 8, 16, or 32 sectors, respectively. Typically, blocks, not sectors, are the unit of information transferred between the disk and main memory.
A higher-end disk pack might have four platters with eight read-write heads. This disk pack might have a 600MB/s transfer rate, running at 10,000 RPMs, with a latency between three and four milliseconds. It could have 150,000 tracks per surface, with 1000kB per track and a total disk capacity of 1200GB. Most systems have a default block size of 4kB, but some major systems default to 8kB.
Let's now look at how we store records on a block on a disk. First, how do we determine the size of a record? Consider the RegularUser relation, which has Email, Sex, BirthDate, CurrentCity, and Hometown attributes. We previously defined the Email, CurrentCity, and Hometown attributes as type varchar(50). Sex fits into a single character, occupying one byte, and the datetime type used for BirthDate occupies eight bytes.
Adding these numbers together, we get a record size of 159 bytes. Let's lay this out in a block:
Email occupies bytes one through fifty
Sex occupies byte fifty-one
BirthDate occupies bytes fifty-two through fifty-nine.
CurrentCity occupies bytes sixty through 109
Hometown occupies bytes 110 through 159
At byte 160, we are ready to write the Email of the next record.
It is possible to store several records on a single block. Let's assume that the block size is 4kb and that we have the full space available. In reality, this is not true, as the system will reserve some space for metadata about data formats and next pointers, but we can ignore that for now.
Typically we only run with blocks partially full, so let's also assume that we only fill blocks to 80% capacity. We might not want to completely fill a block with data because overflowing a block on an insert attempt comes with extra processing overhead. 80% of 4kB is 3200 bytes, and with a record size of 159 bytes, we can fit about twenty records per block with a little extra space to spare.
There are two ways of thinking about what happens to the space at the end of a block that can't fit a complete record. In a spanned representation, we fill the block with as much data as possible, splitting the record across multiple blocks if needed. In an unspanned representation, we ignore the tiny amount of wasted space at the end of the block and place the entire record on a new block instead.
Typically, if multiple records will fit on a block, most database systems run with unspanned representation simply to avoid the processing overhead necessary to break up records. Of course, if we have record sizes larger than block sizes, we don't have a choice; in those instances, we must use a spanned representation.
Files consist of multiple blocks connected by address pointers. The blocks may not physically sit next to each other on disk, but we can traverse them via these pointers. Within a 32-bit computer architecture, we can assume that block pointers occupy four bytes.
Suppose we have four million RegularUser records. If we know that we can fit twenty records in a block, then we need 200,000 blocks (four million divided by twenty). With a block size of 4kB, our resulting file size is 800MB.
To compute the time it takes to transport data from disk to main memory, let's make some assumptions about how long certain operations take:
Seek times typically take 3-8ms
Rotational delays typically take 2-3ms
Transfer times take 0.5-1ms
Adding these values gives us a range of 5-12ms, so let's conservatively say that a particular page fault takes 10ms.
We can avoid paying multiple seek and rotational costs by collecting multiple blocks of data in a single page fault. This strategy intuitively makes sense: if we need one block of data for our application, it stands to reason that we may need some adjacent blocks as well. Bulk transfers or extent transfersmove a large number of blocks - say, 250 - in one shot without paying additional seek time and rotational delay. Once we have found the first block in the collection, we only incur transfer time costs for the remaining blocks.
Indeed, the savings are significant. Transferring 250 blocks individually at 10ms per block takes 2.5 seconds. Let's consider the savings in seeking time and rotational delay. Transferring 250 blocks in an extent transfer takes 260 ms: 250 transfers at 1 ms plus one seek time and one rotational delay of 10 ms.
One of the problems with bulk transfers is that we will need more buffer space to hold the extra data. In timeshare systems, a favorite buffer management strategy is the least recently used (LRU) strategy. The idea is that when we run out of buffer space and need to free up space for the new data coming in from disk to main memory, we overwrite what has been least recently used. The philosophy here is that the least recently used data is also the least likely to be needed next.
It is not always the case that the LRU strategy works well from the point of view of a database management system. It is excellent for merge joins where two relations are sorted on the join fields, and we merge them on matching keys. However, LRU strategies are very inefficient for nested loop joins. In that case, we might instead use a most recently used (MRU) strategy.
The first disk organization strategy we will examine is a heap, which is an unsorted data file. When we search for a record in a heap, we have no way of knowing on which block that record may sit, so we must scan the data pages to find the record. Sometimes, we are lucky, and the data we need sits on the first block. Other times, it sits on the last block. Given a file of NNN data blocks, we can expect to examine N/2N/2N/2 data blocks on average. With four million records spanning 200000 data blocks, N/2N/2N/2 equals 100000 blocks. If each data block takes 10 ms to bring into memory, then searching for a record in this heap will take 16.6 minutes on average.
Searching for data in a heap is a slow process. Let's sort the data in the file and see how that improves lookup time. Even with sorted data, we can still use our naive strategy of searching block by block. Again, sometimes the record we are looking for will be on the first block. Sometimes it will be on the last block. On average, as for unsorted data, this strategy requires us to look at about half of the blocks of data, which we already calculated will take 16.6 minutes on average.
Now let's leverage the fact that we have sorted data. What if we had some metadata that would allow us to find the approximate middle block in a data file? We could look at that middle block and then determine whether what we are searching for is to the left or the right of that block. Repeating this process, we can divide the search space in two on each iteration. This process is called binary search and only works with sorted data.
The amount of time it takes to perform a binary search through NNN blocks is on the order of log2(N)\log_2(N)log2(N). After log2(N)\log_2(N)log2(N) accesses, we will end up with a single block containing the data element of interest if the element is in the database. Given 200000 data blocks corresponding to four million records, we have to perform log2(200,000)=18\log_2(200,000) = 18log2(200,000)=18 block accesses. Since each block access takes 10 ms, the binary search takes 0.18s. This search is much more efficient than the linear search, which took about 5500 times longer.
For both search algorithms - binary and linear search - remember that the search cost depends on the size of the search space, the number of blocks, NNN, in the case. Since linear search scales linearly with NNN, and binary search scales logarithmically, binary search is the more efficient algorithm for any meaningful NNN.
In addition to sorting the data and leveraging that ordering when we search, we might want to consider ways of reducing the search space itself. Indices help us accomplish this reduction.
Let's remember the structure of our data file. We have records sorted by key values laid out in blocks. To build a sparse primary index, we iterate through the data blocks and append the key value of the first record in the block and a pointer to that block to the current index block. Since we are picking up the key values in sorted order, the index is in sorted order by default.
Since the index blocks only contain key values and block pointers, we can reference many data blocks from a single index block. The ratio of index blocks to data blocks is called fanout. What's the fanout in this case? We know that a block is 4kB and that we only fill blocks to 80% capacity, so we have 3.2kB available. The primary key, Email, is fifty bytes long, and block pointers occupy four bytes, so we need fifty-four bytes per index entry. Dividing 3.2kB by fifty-four bytes gives us about sixty index entries per block. So, the fanout here is sixty.
Given a fanout of sixty, how many index blocks do we need? If we start with 200,000 data blocks and can point to sixty data blocks per index block, then we need 200,000 divided by sixty index blocks, equaling 3,334 index blocks.
Instead of building a sparse index, we could have built a dense index. To build a dense primary index, we iterate through the data blocks and append the key value of each record in the block and a pointer to that block to the current index block. Again, since we are picking up the key values in sorted order, the index is in sorted order by default.
The fanout is still sixty, but, in this case, we have one index entry per record instead of one entry per data block. If we divide four million records by sixty index entries per index block, we need 66,666 index blocks to index every key.
One advantage of maintaining a dense index is that the system can answer some queries solely by examining the index without ever having to touch the data blocks. For example, we can use the index to find the maximum and minimum key values. Additionally, we can use dense indices for range queries, such as finding all emails that start with a particular letter.
Let's take a look at some lookup times. Whereas previously, we used NNN to indicate the number of data blocks, let's use nnn to indicate the number of index blocks. The cost of performing a binary search in the index is log2(n)\log_2(n)log2(n). Once we identify the data block containing the record of interest, we still have to access that data block, so the total cost is log2(n)+1\log_2(n) + 1log2(n)+1.
For the sparse index containing 3,334 index blocks, we need to perform log2(3,334)+1=13\log_2(3,334) + 1 = 13log2(3,334)+1=13 lookups. At 10 ms per lookup, this search takes 0.13 seconds. Notice that this value is lower than the 0.18 seconds we needed to perform a binary search directly on the data blocks.
The dense index is larger, so we can expect the cost to be higher. With 66,666 index blocks, we need to perform log2(66,666)+1=17\log_2(66,666) + 1 = 17log2(66,666)+1=17 lookups. At 10 ms per lookup, this search takes 0.17 seconds. While this value is greater than the lookup time associated with the sparse index, it's still lower than the 0.18 seconds we needed to search without an index.
Remember that we are only talking about lookup costs here. If we need to perform any updates, the total cost includes the lookup cost and the cost to write data back to disk after it has been changed. In simple situations, we typically add an extra disk access cost for each write. Note that changes that affect the index incur additional access costs.
We build secondary indices when we need to index records on some non-key value. We follow the same process when building a secondary index as when building a dense index, iterating through the data blocks and appending to the current index block the attribute value of each record in the block and a pointer to that block.
When we examine a newly created secondary index, we see that the attribute values are unsorted. Remember that the original data file is sorted by key values but is unsorted for all non-key attribute values. To leverage binary search, we must sort the secondary index after creating it. Since the ordering of attribute values in the index does not match the ordering in the data file, all secondary indices must be dense. A similar consequence of this mismatch is that while dense indices are normally well-suited for range queries, secondary indices are only suited for point queries, despite being dense.
The cost to perform a binary search in the secondary index is still log2(n)\log_2(n)log2(n), where nnn is the number of index blocks. With 66,666 index blocks, we need to perform log2(66,666)+1=17\log_2(66,666) + 1 = 17log2(66,666)+1=17 lookups. At 10 ms per lookup, this search takes 0.17 seconds. While this value is greater than the lookup time associated with the sparse index, it's still lower than the 0.18 seconds we needed to search without an index.
Notice that we implicitly made the simplifying assumption that the attribute from which we build the index has no duplicate values. If values for this attribute are not unique, we must consider how to associate these values with a collection of block pointers locating the matching records. Of course, we are allowed to make this assumption when building primary indices because keys must be unique.
We have seen several good ideas so far for increasing how efficiently we find records of interest. For example, we saw that sorting our data and then leveraging that ordering when searching improves search times. Additionally, we saw that reducing the size of the search space by building indices is a smart way to locate data quickly.
If one index improves efficiency, then why don't we index the index and index that index too? We can repeat this process until we have an index that fits entirely on one block, allowing us to read the whole index into memory by paying just one access cost.
Searching through this multilevel index works as follows. We pull the top-level index block into memory. Among the sixty key values in that block, we find the value equal to or just less than the one we are seeking. We follow the corresponding block pointer to the index block in the next level of the tree and repeat this process, traversing down the tree until we hit a leaf node. This leaf node is the data block where the record of interest resides.
Searching for data using multilevel indices is still logarithmic in nnn. However, the base is not two but rather is equal to the fanout. The consequence of changing the base means we no longer divide the search space by two on each iteration but rather by the fanout. Given 3,334 sparse index blocks, with a fanout of sixty, we need to perform log60(3,334)+1=3\log_{60}(3,334) + 1 = 3log60(3,334)+1=3 accesses to pull the record of interest into memory. At 10 ms per access, we only need 0.03 seconds. Contrast this with the thirteen lookups (and 0.13 seconds) we needed to perform a binary search on the sparse index.
The more indices we place on top of a primary index, the more sensitive we are to overflow effects. Suppose we insert a new record at the data level, and the record overflows its block. We now need to split this block into two to accommodate the additional data. The question is: will this split impact the first level index, and if it does, how far up the tree will the impact propagate? It's important to keep the ripple effect small, as updating the tree comes with a cost, and that's exactly why we don't fill blocks to 100% capacity.
The most popular implementation for multilevel indices, found in many relational database products, is a data structure known as a B+ tree. In a B+ tree, all the data resides in the leaf nodes, and all other nodes are index nodes. A B+ tree remains balanced after insertion, deletion, and update operations; the distance from the root to the leaves remains roughly the same for all leaves over time. Balance is critical since the search performance quickly degrades if the tree becomes unbalanced. Another feature of a B+ tree is that it is rare that an overflow at a lower level will propagate up the tree more than one or two levels, if at all.
Let's look at a completely different approach to primary data organization called static hashing. In static hashing, we map key values from a key space into buckets using a hash function, h. Given M buckets, h can map key values to buckets 0 through M-1. For example, h might map the key "user1@gt.edu" to bucket 103. Associated with that bucket may be a block address, and records whose keys map to that bucket will be written to the block at that address.
A good hash function has the following characteristics. First, it must distribute the values in the key value space uniformly over the buckets. On a related note, it's also important that a hash function avoids collisions. Collisions occur when distinct keys are mapped to the same bucket too many times. A good hash function should also fill the buckets as much as possible. The bucket directory can be large enough that a portion may be stored on disk and, therefore, be subject to being ported between disk and memory. A full directory ensures we can transport the maximum amount of data on each transfer.
Before we insert any records, we have an empty bucket directory and a hash function, h. Associated with each bucket number is some space to hold a block address. When we insert a new record, we hash its key with h to get the bucket number, locate or allocate the data block associated with that bucket, and then write the record to that block. Remember that several records may fit on each block, so we might not need to allocate a new block for every record we insert.
If a data block is full, and a new record's key hashes to the bucket entry associated with that data block, we must allocate a new data block to continue to store records associated with that bucket. The pointer to that data block will reside at the end of the just-filled data block.
Once we have inserted all the data and built the hash table, we want to use it to find a record with a particular key value. We input the key value to the hash function and receive the bucket entry as output. Next, we look up the block address associated with that bucket in the directory, and then we access that block to retrieve the record if it is in the database.
It takes one block access to bring the bucket directory page we need into memory, followed by one block access to bring the data block associated with the bucket into memory. With an access cost of 10 ms, the total cost for these two accesses is 20 ms. The bucket directory may be small enough to partially or fully stay in memory. If that's the case, accessing a record requires one block access at 10ms.
All the different lookup times we have seen thus far have depended on the data or index size. What's excellent about static hashing is that it provides constant time data access. Beware, though, as we insert more data into a fixed-size bucket directory, we will build increasingly longer chains of data blocks. The records in these blocks are unordered, so as these chains become longer, the search begins to resemble a slow linear heap search. Thankfully, dynamic hash functions that allow the address space to expand to keep the data access cost constant exist.
Also, remember that an important job of the hash function is to allocate the records we insert across the buckets uniformly. Even with an appropriately large bucket directory, a nonuniform hash function will create some chains of data blocks that are much longer than others, which degrades the search performance.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
North Newbald is a village in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The village is situated approximately  north-west of Hull city centre,  north of South Cave and  south of Market Weighton. It lies to the east of the A1034 road.

History
In 1823 North Newbald was a village and civil parish in the Wapentake of Harthill and the Liberty of St Peter's. The North Newbald civil parish contained the hamlet of South Newbald. A stretch of land was purchased to provide a rental which was "distributed every New Year's Day to 20 resident parishioners, who have never received parochial relief". Population at the time was 543, with occupations including six farmers, two blacksmiths, two bricklayers, two shopkeepers, and a tailor, and the public house landlords of The Tiger; The New Inn, who was also a butcher; and The Rose & Crown, who was also a corn miller. Resident in the village were fourteen yeomen, and the schoolmaster who was a collector of taxes. A carrier operated between the village and Hull twice a week, and Market Weighton and Beverley once a week.

Governance
North Newbald along with the hamlet of South Newbald forms the civil parish of Newbald.

The village was in the Haltemprice and Howden  parliamentary constituency until the 2010 general election when it was transferred to the constituency of Beverley and Holderness.

Community
North Newbald is a village consisting of about 800 people of all ages. The village has two public houses, The Tiger and The Gnu (originally the New Inn when owned by The Hull Brewery Company), situated across the road from each other, privately run businesses and a number of farms. The main occupations in Newbald involve farming, eggs, warehousing and transport. It has been a carting village for some centuries.

Located on the communal village green is the whipping post used in the last public flogging carried out in Britain.

The parish church of St Nicholas was designated a Grade I listed building in 1968 and is now recorded in the National Heritage List for England, maintained by Historic England. Built about 1140, it has been described as the "finest Norman church in East Yorkshire". It has a cruciform plan without aisles and with a tall central tower. Four  Norman doorways make the building rare. Pevsner describes the church as the most complete Norman church in the East Riding. The church has a Coronation Clock which was installed at the coronation of George V in 1911.

A previous vicar of Newbald, Rev Jack Walker, during his incumbency mapped the whole area and produced detailed drawings suggesting that the village may have been walled. Apart from Rev Walker's submissions there is no further evidence of this.

The Yorkshire Wolds Way National Trail, a long distance footpath passes to the east of the village.

Buses run about three times a week to Beverley.

Three local sporting teams play at the village playing fields: Newbald Utd, Newbald A.F.C., and Newbald North End F.C.

References
Notes

Bibliography

Villages in the East Riding of Yorkshire

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Rockvale is a statutory town in Fremont County, Colorado, United States. The population was 487 at the 2010 census, up from 426 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Rockvale is located in southeastern Fremont County at  (38.368845, -105.164813). It is bordered to the north by the town of Williamsburg, and the town of Coal Creek is to the east.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Rockvale has a total area of , all of it land.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 426 people, 166 households, and 122 families residing in the town.  The population density was .  There were 191 housing units at an average density of .  The racial makeup of the town was 94.60% White, 0.23% African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 1.64% from other races, and 2.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.23% of the population.

There were 166 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.8% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.5% were non-families. 22.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 28.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.3 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,000, and the median income for a family was $33,182. Males had a median income of $28,182 versus $17,679 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,965.  About 13.1% of families and 17.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.1% of those under age 18 and 17.0% of those age 65 or over.

See also

 List of municipalities in Colorado

References

External links

 Town of Rockvale contacts
 CDOT map of the Town of Rockvale

Towns in Fremont County, Colorado
Towns in Colorado


text:
Five Shows with Dan McGowan From Crofoot Presents
The Detroit music scene is in Dan McGowan's blood. McGowan can't even remember when his father first started taking him on nightly rounds across Detroit to pop into this show or check out this venue.
"I don't remember when that started. It has pretty much always been part of my life. As a young child, I would be in and out of venues. People have asked what was the first concert you went to and I don't even know," McGowan tells Amplify.
Blair McGowan, Dan's father, moved to Michigan in the 1970s to work for Cesar Chavez as a fundraiser for United Farm Workers. The senior McGowan learned all about throwing events in the Detroit area which eventually led to concert promotion.
"There is a certain smell that venues have and it has always made me comfortable when I smell it. It took a couple decades for me to realize that smell is the smell of a bar," McGowan says. "That has always brought me a certain level of comfort because it reminds me of going to work with my old man."
McGowan has always lived in Michigan and his family has always been involved in the local venues. Before selling several venues to SFX in 2001, McGowan's father and his partners were connected to local spaces St. Andrew's Hall, Industry Nightclub and Clutch Cargo's.
Growing up in Detroit and being in the business of buildings has made McGowan an expert on the city's architecture, its history and key players. He can recall the various waves of influential music from the southern jazz musicians, Motown, MC5, Iggy Pop, the birth of techno, the garage rock era with the White Stripes, and the hip-hop scene that birthed Eminem.
"It is a very dynamic city from a musical standpoint," McGowan says. "The city has changed drastically since I was a kid. It is an ebb and a flow. There's been a lot of improvement in the city, but it is a city that has taken its knocks."
He adds: "You can come in and do things that you can't really do in other cities. Proper values are very affordable. We have sound techs in the city that live in mansions that were built by auto barons. In San Diego you can get a shack and in Detroit you can get a mansion built by an auto baron with custom woodwork."
In 2005, the McGowans got back into the venue business, purchasing The Crofoot which is a building from the 1830s in Pontiac, Michigan.
"We spent two years and renovated the three buildings and built it into a complex of venues," McGowan says. "It has the Vernors Room which is 125-capacity, the Pike Room which is 250-capacity, and the Crofoot Ballroom which is an 1,100-capacity room all under one roof."
Their promotion company, Crofoot Presents was established when the complex opened and now includes an office in Lansing, Michigan under the banner of Fusion Shows and two offices in Detroit and Pontiac to put only roughly 750 shows per year. Amplify caught up with the prolific concert-goer to find out about five of his favorite shows.
Red Hot Chili Peppers, Smashing Pumpkins, and Pearl Jam at State Theatre in Detroit
This wasn't my first show, but it was so special. The energy was insane, and everyone was so excited. I was only 10 years-old, but this night made a huge impact on me. After the show, we went to American Coney Island, a Detroit staple, and it was packed with fans buzzing about the show.
Claude VonStroke at Detroit Masonic Temple
We work with Paxahau, promoters of Detroit's seminal music festival Movement, on afterparties each year. In 2016, we had Claude and the Dirtybird crew at the Masonic. We had a hard curfew of 4am, we were about shut things down, and then RZA walks onto the stage, unannounced and unexpected. He asks for a mic, and freestyles on top of Claude's beat. It was fucking sweet.
Flint Eastwood with Tunde Olaniran, Syblyng, and Michigander at The Fisher Building in Detroit
Flint Eastwood wanted a unique venue, and we'd recently made a deal to produce special events (corporate events & weddings) in the Fisher Building. For those that aren't familiar, google it. It's the crown jewel of pre-depression Detroit architecture. Often referred to as Detroit's largest art object. We brought in a stage, sound & lights, and the bands took it from there. It was incredible.
James Murphy with Erno the Inferno at Crofoot Ballroom in Pontiac, Michigan
January in Michigan is a dark, cold month. I was standing on the sidewalk about 4pm, the sun was setting, a car pulls up, James Murphy gets out, a small bag, a case or two of records in hand. I helped him in, we set him up, and he played a phenomenal set. The room was warm and full of friends. After the show James complimented our sound system. It was a great night.
Vampire Weekend at the Pike Room in Pontiac, Michigan
The band had just released a few tracks and the buzz was huge. The Pike Room is intimate, shows in there always seem so personal, and a sold-out show in there never disappoints. I stood at the front of house and watched their whole set, totally captivated. We all knew this band was going to explode. The next time I saw them was at Lollapalooza in Chicago, and it was equally impressive.
Tags: Five Shows
KAABOO Festival-Goers Who Leave Early Will Be Able to Resell Their Tickets
SAP Center Celebrates 25 Years With Memories Campaign
writemyessaytoday March 1, 2019
Since I never know when my sleezy legislators will do something like that, I cannot vote in favor of any schools bonds going forward.
Five Shows with Ground Control Touring's John Chavez
Five Shows with IMG's Jacob Smid
Five Shows with Colonial Life Arena's Lexie Boone
Five Shows with Rialto Theatre's Curtis McCrary
Five Shows with Paradigm's Phil Egenthal
Five Shows with VStar Entertainment's Amy Rahja
Five Shows with YM&U Group's Ira Miller
Five Shows with Citi's Jennifer Breithaupt
Five Shows with Traci Thomas of TT Management


text:
Ozzie Newsome
Three Bama Receivers Named Top 50 In The Last 50 Years
Last year's Heisman winner and new Philadelphia Eagles wide receiver Devonta Smith landed on the list at No. 3 only behind Larry Fitzgerald and Randy Moss, two of college football's and NFL's greatest receivers. Connelly wrote that Smith had a "perfect career" at Bama winning a national title as a freshman, making one of the greatest plays in college football history and winning another as as senior along with winning the Heisman Trophy to cap off the arguably the greatest season by a Alabama player. Smith had 235 career catches, 3,965 receiving yards and 46 touchdowns.
KaRon Caddell


A great Huffpost read about life as a cable tech. The tales of America's seedy underbelly are disturbing, as is the LGBT bigotry, but also the horrific conditions under which these people work; I'll never give a cable guy grief again.
This was enlightening and heartbreaking. Great read.


text:
Paragaleodes occidentalis est une espèce de solifuges de la famille des Galeodidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce se rencontre en Maroc, en Algérie et en Mauritanie.

Systématique et taxinomie
Cette espèce a été décrite sous le protonyme Galeodes occidentalis par Simon en 1885. Elle est placée dans le genre Paragaleodes par Kraepelin en 1899.

Publication originale
 Simon, 1885 : « Études sur les Arachnides recueillis en Tunisie en 1883 et 1884 par MM. A. Letourneux, M. Sédillot et Valéry Mayet, membres de la mission de l'Exploration scientifique de la Tunisie. » Exploration scientifique de la Tunisie, Paris, .

Liens externes

Notes et références

Galeodidae
Espèce de solifuges (nom scientifique)


text:
package io.openex.rest.poll.form;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;

public class PollInput {

    @JsonProperty("poll_question")
    private String question;

    public String getQuestion() {
        return question;
    }

    public void setQuestion(String question) {
        this.question = question;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


On an annual basis, Women's Community House(WCH) formally honours businesses, churches and faith groups, clubs and employee groups for recognizing, with financial and donations-in-kind support, the importance of the work that we do with abused women and their children. The 2016 Group Hug was held on Thursday, May 26th at the Highland Golf & Country Club. Keynote speaker for this event was Bo Lavrencic, a long-standing WCH Residential Counsellor and, currently, Counselling and Support Centre (CSC) Counsellor. The following is Bo's address to the Group Hug audience.
Over the 20 plus years of my employment at Women's Community House(WCH), I have witnessed growth and transformation taking place at WCH. What I am saying is I have been a part of growth and transformation taking place at WCH, and WCH was and is transforming me, always. It is a continuous process.
Some 38 years ago, in spite of many challenges and by pure determination of our founding mothers, WCH was born out of a big idea in a small place on Piccadilly Street and, later on in 1984, found refuge in an unassuming old house on Maitland Street. That is where I started my journey with WCH. The Maitland Street location was not public knowledge because back then the majority of shelters for abused women were "hidden" for safety reasons. When working at the Maitland Street shelter, the best security feature of this location, we would say, was the close proximity to the London Police Station on Dundas Street.
How different things are now!!!
When the newly built Wellington Road shelter opened its doors in 1992, we were no longer in hiding. I am sure most of you – if not all of you – have driven by our buildings many times since 1992. Our locations are now easy to find. It is hard not to notice the large electronic sign at the Wellington Road (and Clarke Road) sites, our Iron Maiden proudly standing on the Wellington shelter front lawn.
The decision to go public with our address was to increase awareness of the issue of women abuse, believing that being visible in the community will, in fact, increase our safety.
With 40 beds available at the Wellington Road location, who would have thought that we would need to expand so soon, and yet, we did. Our second location at 450 Clarke Road opened with 27 beds in 2005. So, at the present time, with combined space availability of 67 beds, one would think that we must be able to accommodate all the women and children who are in need of space.
Think again. Sadly, we are not.
Our 2014/2015 statistics show that in this one year we had in our shelters a total of 715 residents – 513 women and 202 children. 715 residents! And we had to refer elsewhere 157 women because of lack of space.
Second Stage Housing(SSH) is Women's Community House's 25-unit apartment complex where abused women and their children can live up to one year. In this same period of time (2014/2015 fiscal year), SSH housed 42 women and 51 children.
Women's Community House is the largest high-security shelter for abused women and their children in Canada, with about 70 employees (full- and part-time and relief staff) who work very hard to be our best, to do our best, to do better tomorrow than we have done yesterday. Our mandate is to: "provide safe places and services for abused women and their children".
We not only serve the many women and children who stay in our shelter but also offer services and assistance through our Transitional Outreach Program, Family Court Support Program, Community Group Program for Children & Their Moms, WCH social enterprise – our Mine 101 Store and our newest addition, The Counselling and Support Centre. With these additional programs, WCH is able to extend our services and reach many more people in our community, regardless of their gender identity and form of abuse. This also opens many avenues for us to educate our community.
Our helpline is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days of the year. In the past fiscal year, we have served 4,750 callers. Any time the phone rings, counsellors are available to listen, to offer support and information.
As the current Staff Representative to our Board of Directors, I have the privilege to witness the collective wisdom, dedication and hard work of our Board members. Our agency is in good hands and with a committed Board, Kate [Wiggins] as our Executive Director, together with our managers and staff, we are working hard to meet the challenge that is in front of us. For the past 7 months, I have been trusted with an opportunity to work at the Counselling and Support Centre at Women's Community House. The CSC, as we call it, opened its doors in 2014 as a pilot project, about 18 months ago, at the Wellington Road site to provide support, information and counselling to people living in our community who are dealing with issues of abuse in their life and who may not need to stay in the shelter. At the present time, the CSC is open Monday to Friday 10 a.m. – 5 p.m. on an appointment – or simply walk-in – basis. There are two(2) full-time counselling staff who at the CSC.
Just the other week, I sat down with a woman who came in for help with applying for subsidized housing. Her plan was to separate from her abusive partner once she had secured an independent place to live. In order for her to qualify for Special Priority Status – the fastest way of getting housed in London – she had to meet certain criteria. I asked this woman if she had a way to verify that she has been abused – a police record or a court order to "back up her story". There was, she told me. She had been physically hurt many times in the past, but there were no witnesses. Sometimes, she would call the police when she knew things were escalating and when she was afraid for her safety. She knew the pattern of abuse all too well. So, the police would come, and they would listen to what she had to say, and they would listen to what he [the abuser] had to say, and that was that. The abuse continued unnoticed, inside her home. On occasion, she would leave her home for the rest of the night and stay with a friend, call WCH for support, only to return home later. She was scared most of the time.
But this one time, she said to me, when things escalated, she was able to run out of the house before her partner grabbed her as she was trying to get into the car. She was "lucky", she told me, because her neighbor was also outside this time and saw what was happening – saw how she was grabbed by her arms and pushed away from the car, saw how she hit the brick wall with her head while her partner held onto her. She was screaming, she said, and at some point she heard her neighbor's voice: "Hey! Stop! What are you doing? That is not the way to treat your wife!" – to which her partner replied: "Stay out of it. It is none of your business," as he continued to try to force her back into the house.
Now, YOU have done it.
My co-workers and I hear similar stories to this one often enough to potentially start to believe that the world is a dark place, and there is no hope, and what we do is just not enough, or that at the end it does not matter and that the cycle of abuse will continue endlessly. But we do not believe this. We cannot believe this. We believe that change is possible. We believe that what we do does matter. We also know that in order for our families and our communities to get healthy, we need as many people as possible to get involved, in many ways.
Abuse is not something that happens somewhere, to someone else. Abuse hurts all of us. It happens in our families, to our co-workers and our friends, in our communities. We are all victims of abuse – directly or indirectly. We are all hurt by it, and pay the price for it.
Only when we all get involved in helping those who suffer, only when we make it "our business", like that neighbor did, we can stop the hurting. Collectively, we need to keep those who hurt others accountable. After all, they hurt others because they hurt themselves.
There are many ways to get involved, to help. There is so much work to be done.
Statistics collected by WCH show that the best way to spread information about support and services for victims of abuse is by "word of mouth". In our confidential surveys, we ask our clients: "How did you hear about WCH services?" The answer most often provided is from a friend, my sister, my co-worker. Please keep that in mind.
On behalf of the many women and children, as well as the men that we serve, we at Women's Community House are so grateful for any type of support received from our community members. We are grateful for our dedicated and tireless volunteers who help us in so many ways. We are thankful to the many women and men who support us by bringing to our facilities gently used clothing and household items so that the women and children can get much-needed practical help.
And to you, our generous financial group donors representing our community's corporations and foundations, representing our churches, faith and club groups, for your wonderful support – THANK YOU! Your help is so much appreciated, and so very much needed.
I would like to close by sharing a very special Valentine Card we received this year from one of our past residents.
"To Our Shelter in Our Storm.
You forever will have our hearts.
We were accepted for who we were, our feelings, thoughts, and choices.
Unconditional was the care you provided.
I talked and talked and talked and everyone patiently listened.
When my hope was low, you lent me yours.
When we were hungry you fed us with such a tender love and care.
When I cried you let me.
We left our home, our familiar, and you created a space where we felt safe and loved.
You are champions of the human spirit.
When I couldn't believe, you believed for me.
You provided guidance, direction, options, resources and advocacy.
You have made a difference. You have redeemed the life of a family.
You saw strength when at times I only saw my weakness.
You smiled and laughed at my "charming" humor.
You loved on my kids. They felt special, cared about. You put many smiles on their faces.
You welcomed us every time we returned.
You challenged us to respect ourselves and expect it from others.
You were the best extended family anyone could ask for.
We felt really at home because of you.
If they ever ask us what door we want and what is behind it, we say door 3/3 because that is where you are.
Just like us you are unique. You all bring something special.
I loved that you treasure each other.
You respect each other's strengths and weaknesses and work together beautifully.
We were broken and battered, but you put us back together.
We needed a home, you helped us with that.
We needed stuff, you got us stuff.
Sometimes I just needed to be, and you let me just be.
Your kindness, compassion, encouragement brought us safely through our storm.
Because of you… we didn't go back to our toxic environment.
We caught your vision for a better future for us.
We reclaimed our identity as being valuable and worthy of respect.
You showed us there are good people in this world.
You made us dare to dream. Your investment in our family has given us bright future.
It is not only what you said and did but who you are.
….. and, so are you, I say today – INVALUABLE – You, our donors, who help us to support victims of domestic abuse, who help us to support all victims of emotional, verbal, financial, sexual and physical violence.
We could not do this work without you.
* for a full list of Group Hug Award recipients, please visit the Women's Community House website and follow the About Us tab to the Donor Recognition page.
GHP14 – An Outstanding Show!


text:
Listed thatched house in Cranborne, Dorset
Many period features have been retained and it is set in gardens with a large double garage and a store room
Neil Bell
This property is within the conservation area in Cranborne village, in the countryside of Cranborne Chase
This Grade II Listed thatched village home offers well-proportioned family accommodation with four bedrooms and three reception rooms.
This property is within the conservation area in Cranborne village, in the countryside of Cranborne Chase.
Period house close to Quarr nature reserve in Sherborne, Dorset
The sitting room retains many original features
It has many noteworthy features, including open fires, woodblock flooring in the reception/dining hall and dining room/snug, high ceilings throughout, original beams, along with modern bathroom and shower rooms.
The ground floor includes an impressive reception/dining hall with doors off to the sitting room and a separate dining room/snug which has an inglenook fireplace.
Here's what £220K, the average UK house price will buy you in Somerset
The dining room or snug
The kitchen/breakfast room was redesigned in 2009, giving the breakfast area a glass pitched roof and double glazed doors leading to the patio and garden.
The kitchen has a range of units, built in appliances, welsh slate worktops, a combination oven with a further single oven below, an inset Neff halogen hob, and under floor heating. There is also a separate utility room and a downstairs shower room.
Paradise for sale in Piddletrenthide, Dorset
The kitchen/breakfast room was redesigned in 2009
Upstairs, the master bedroom has built-in wardrobes and an en suite shower room. The other three bedrooms all having character features. The family bathroom has a modern suite and under-floor heating.
Outside, at the front of the property is a low-level hedge with a pedestrian gate to the front garden. To the rear there is a sun terrace with brick paved pathway and raised flower and shrub borders. The lawn area is enclosed by high hedges.
A five bar gate leads through to a shingle driveway giving off-road parking for a number of cars. This leads to the original stable, currently used as a double garage. A separate outbuilding has potential to convert into an annex/studio/workshop, subject to planning and relevant consents.
5 properties you can buy near Glastonbury Festival site
The sun terrace
Cranborne village lies within the countryside of Cranborne Chase, designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Amenities in the village include a doctor's surgery, first and middle schools, the post office and shop together with several public houses, La Fosse hotel and restaurant, 10 Castle Street hotel and restaurant and the Cranborne Manor garden centre and tea rooms.
Market towns of Wimborne and Ringwood offering good shopping including Waitrose supermarket, restaurants and bars are both approximately 10 miles away. Access to London by car is via the M27/M3 and there are regular mainline railway services from Poole and Salisbury to London Waterloo.
The guide price for The Thatched Cottage, 5 Crane Street, Cranborne is £775,000. For more information contact the Wimborne office of Hearnes Estate Agents, email wimborne@hearnes.com or phone 01202 842922.
Hall & Woodhouse old brewery to be redeveloped for housing
The back garden is enclosed by high hedges
Stour and Avon


Judging by the lugs, are these in fact 90s era Genistas? Thanks!
Can't see if the badge says "Made in England" or "Genista" - if the latter, then overseas. The lugs looked almost identical.
It just says "Premier Made in England" - no "genista" on the badge, so I think these are real-deal 90s genistas.
That's the real thing. Is that the Music Go Round kit? If so, grab it before I do!
Haha. Indeed it is! I'm sooooooo tempted - and totally would if I thought I could sell off the three toms I wouldn't use for a decent price - but having a hard time prying the wallet open. Grab 'em, my friend.
Heads up, they wouldn't budge on shipping price.
Bass drum is 18" deep, so I'm passing. But man, someone should snag this.
Those are certainly 90's, the finish is called Ochre. I'm not a fan of 18" depth kicks either, but for that price I'd play it as-is. $599 is a steal for that set up.
Its tempting at that price, but I just detest 18" deep bass drums.
matching 7" snare to boot! if I didn't have the turquoise kit I have now, i would buy in a minute. Gorgeous drums. Simple to tune and has a nice Birch attack.


text:
Ralph O'Reilly Piddington (* 19. Februar 1906 in Sydney, Australien; † 8. Juli 1974 in Takapuna) war ein australischer Anthropologe und Psychologe.

Er studierte an der University of Sydney in den späten 1920er Jahren. 1930 und 1931 unternahm er anthropologische Forschungen in Nordwestaustralien. 1932 ging er zur Fortsetzung seiner Studien nach London an die London School of Economics, wo er die nächsten sechs Jahre blieb. Nach Erwerb seines Ph.D. 1936 war er seit 1938 als Lehrkraft und am anthropologischen Museum der Universität Aberdeen tätig. Er kehrte 1944 nach Australien zurück, um mit dem Australian Army's Directorate of Research and Civil Affairs zu arbeiten.

Er unterstand Colonel Jack Keith Murray von der School of Civil Affairs, Duntroon, die später die Australian School of Pacific Administration wurde, die verantwortlich war für die Ausbildung von Beamten, die später im australischen Territorium Papua und Neuguinea arbeiteten.

Er kehrte 1946 nach Großbritannien zurück, wo er zum Reader für Social Anthropology an der Universität Edinburgh berufen worden war. 1949 wurde er Gründungsprofessor für Anthropologie an der University of New Zealand (Auckland) berufen, eine Position, die er bis zu seiner Emeritierung 1972 innehatte. Eine seiner ersten Studentinnen dort war Joan Metge.

Berühmt ist seine anthropologische Arbeit über das totemistische System der Karadjeri, die zuerst in der Zeitschrift Oceania erschien und einen gewissen Einfluss auf La Mythologie primitive, das Spätwerk von Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, ausgeübt hat.

Marjorie Eileen Piddington (geborene Barnes) war seine erste Frau.

Werke
 mit Marjorie Eileen M. Piddington: Report on Field Work in North-Western Australia, in: Oceania 2, 1932, S. 342–358.
 The Psychology of Laughter. London, Figurehead 1933
 An Introduction to Social Anthropology. 2 Bände. Edinburgh 1950 und 1957

Literatur
 Geoffrey Gray, '"Piddington's indiscretion": Ralph Piddington, the Australian National Research Council and Academic freedom'.  In: Oceania  vol. 64 (3), Maerz, 1994. S. 217–245.
 Geoffrey Gray, '"[I]n view of the obvious animus": The discrediting of Ralph Piddington. In: Aboriginal History, vol. 21, 1997, S. 113–132.
 Geoffrey Gray, 'a triune anthropologist appears'?: Gerhardt Laves, Ralph Piddington and Marjorie Piddington, La Grange Bay, 1930, In: Australian Aboriginal Studies, 2006/1, S. 23–35.
 Geoffrey Gray and Doug Munro, 'Establishing anthropology and Maori language (studies), Auckland University College: the appointment of Ralph Piddington, 1949', in: Regna Darnell and Frederic W Gleach (Eds.), Histories of Anthropology Annual, Volume 7, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2012, S. 49–82.

Weblinks

Anthropologe (20. Jahrhundert)
Psychologe
Hochschullehrer (University of New Zealand, Campus Auckland)
Hochschullehrer (University of Aberdeen)
Hochschullehrer (University of Edinburgh)
Australier
Geboren 1906
Gestorben 1974
Mann


text:
Q: Scatterplots in R ggplot2 package: moving axes and changing font label sizes I'm trying to replicate the following chart using ggplot2

The one change I'd like to make from that chart though is to give a colour to each point and its label. Here's what I've tried so far:
library(ggplot2)
library(directlabels)
Z <- c("Label1", "Label2", "Label3", "Label4", "Label5", "Label6", "Label7",
"Label8", "Label9", "Label10", "Label11", "Label12", "Label13", "Label14",
"Label15", "Label16", "Label17", "Label18", "Label19", "Label20", "Label21",
"Label22", "Label23", "Label24")

X <- c(10.32582421, 9.772686421, -13.99202201, 3.803952545, 7.775395482,
-11.82234956, -24.27906403, -6.864457678, -24.62853773, 15.3562638,
-6.476057462, 9.576414602, -5.504090215, 29.74512913, 9.046116821,
15.79954557, -39.61679645, -0.90307239, 21.12503086, 15.30221473,
13.40781808, -6.803226537, -4.045907666, -0.134057007)

Y <- c(0.037608141, 0.010581738, 0.117730985, 0.022347258, 0.069347278,
0.026699666, 0.028739498, 0.040611306, 0.036626248, 0.034854158,
0.039310836, 0.03122964, 0.009422296, 0.021935924, 0.050006846,
0.036285691, 0.016796701, 0.057764277, 0.028421772, 0.042726693,
0.037513217, 0.058422072, 0.066859355, 0.078158403)

mychart <- data.frame(Z, X, Y)

q <- ggplot(mychart, aes(X, Y)) + geom_point(aes(colour = Z)) + theme_bw()
direct.label(q)

And I get the following result:

There are three things I'm having trouble figure out:

*

*I'd like to remove the grey quadrant lines.

*I'd like to move the axes so that they are centered in the chart, with plots distributed across the 4 quadrants.

*I'd like to reduce the label font sizes - I suspect that's why some of them don't end up close to their points.

A: *

*theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
panel.background = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(colour = "black"))

*Use +xlim(min,max) and +ylim(min,max) to set the axis limits for your plot. Then you can use +geom_hline(y=yvalue) and +geom_vline(x=xvalue) to add the horizontal and vertical lines to your plot to designate the four quadrants.

*Instead of using +direct.label(q), use +geom_text(aes(label=q,size=sizevalue),where 'sizevalue' is a numeric value that determines the size of the labels (so you can experiment with this).
EDIT: Try this code, which should fix your point labels. (I don't know of a way to move the axis labels up to the lines you drew in, nor a native way to simply move the original axes into the center of your plot. Sorry!):
ggplot(mychart, aes(X, Y)) +
    geom_point(aes(colour = Z)) +
    theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
          panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
          panel.background = element_blank(),
          axis.line = element_line(colour = "black")) +
    xlim(-40,40) +
    ylim(0,0.12) +
    geom_hline(y=0.04) +
    geom_vline(y=0) +
    geom_text(aes(x=X,y=Y+0.003,label=Z,color=Z)) +
    theme(legend.position="none")

EDIT 2: Jitter in geom_text
ggplot(mychart, aes(X, Y, colour=Z)) +
    geom_point() +
    theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
          panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
          panel.background = element_blank(),
          axis.line = element_line(colour = "black")) +
    geom_text(aes(label=Z),
              position = position_jitter(width=2, height=0.005)) +
    xlim(-40,40) +
    ylim(0,0.12) +
    geom_hline(y=0.04) +
    geom_vline(y=0) +
    theme(legend.position="none")

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package net.dirtyfilthy.bouncycastle.asn1.ocsp;

import net.dirtyfilthy.bouncycastle.asn1.ASN1Encodable;
import net.dirtyfilthy.bouncycastle.asn1.ASN1EncodableVector;
import net.dirtyfilthy.bouncycastle.asn1.DERObject;
import net.dirtyfilthy.bouncycastle.asn1.DERSequence;
import net.dirtyfilthy.bouncycastle.asn1.x509.X509Name;

public class ServiceLocator
    extends ASN1Encodable
{
    X509Name    issuer;
    DERObject    locator;

    /**
     * Produce an object suitable for an ASN1OutputStream.
     * <pre>
     * ServiceLocator ::= SEQUENCE {
     *     issuer    Name,
     *     locator   AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax OPTIONAL }
     * </pre>
     */
    public DERObject toASN1Object()
    {
        ASN1EncodableVector    v = new ASN1EncodableVector();

        v.add(issuer);

        if (locator != null)
        {
            v.add(locator);
        }

        return new DERSequence(v);
    }
}


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text:
Clipper fleet arrives in London ahead of race start
Hundreds of Clipper crew will spend the next few days preparing in London before embarking on their round-the-world adventure
TAGS: Clipper Round the World Yacht Race
The Clipper 2015-16 Race fleet arrived at St Katharine Docks on Thursday, parading up the Thames before entering central London's only marina in front of the iconic Tower Bridge.
The tenth edition of the Clipper Race kicks off in just 10 days time and will take 11 months to cover 40,000 nautical miles in a series of 14 races between six continents.
Race founder and chairman Sir Robin Knox-Johnston said: "They're going to go through some of the calmest waters in the world and some of the roughest waters in the world. In fact the roughest waters in the world. They'll meet winds from every single direction – hopefully good ones so they can go fast but they will have to learn to sail with whatever winds are available to them.
"The thing that everyone learns is that sailing is a great lesson in patience, plus the stubborn tenacity needed when you're beating into a snow blizzard and you know you have to keep that boat going until it's your turn to be relieved."
Nearly half of the 700 crew, representing 44 nationalities, from all walks of life, had never sailed before undergoing their extensive pre-race training. The youngest is 18 and the oldest is 74. 35 per cent are women.
"When you take people who have never sailed before you have to train them, you can't just put them on a boat and say 'cross an ocean' – that's totally irresponsible. They have to be trained and made safe on a boat. So every one of these crew have had a minimum of four weeks training with us in a carefully planned programme which is constantly developed from what we've learned in previous races, to encourage the crew to learn more about what they're taking on.
"No one should go to sea unaware of the risks and the dangers and how to look after themselves. We hammer that home the whole time. They're heading out on a 40,000 nautical mile odyssey," added Sir Robin.
This year's crew will follow in the footsteps of more than 3,300 people who have taken on some of the world's toughest oceans in this unique global challenge since its inaugural race in 1996.
A full circumnavigation is still a rare achievement, with more people having climbed Mount Everest than have sailed around the planet.


I think the center is quite strong. It's a scary thing to think that 'a nation might be coming from afar' to "consume", "devour", and "demolish" you.
There are some smaller matches within the chiasmus to perhaps take note of: e.g., both B and B' mention wildlife: In B it's a lion, wolf and leopard. In B' it's birds; both C and C' question the actions of God.
D' is made up of a couple smaller chiasmi. In the first chiasmus, a/a' = 'plant life', while b/b' = 'animal/human life' (i.e., breathing life).
B 3 O LORD, do not Thine eyes look for truth? Thou hast smitten them, but they did not weaken; Thou hast consumed them, but they refused to take correction. They have made their faces harder than rock; they have refused to repent. 4 Then I said, "They are only the poor, they are foolish; For they do not know the way of the LORD or the ordinance of their God. 5 "I will go to the great and will speak to them, for they know the way of the LORD, and the ordinance of their God." But they too, with one accord, have broken the yoke and burst the bonds. 6 Therefore a lion from the forest shall slay them, a wolf of the deserts shall destroy them, a leopard is watching their cities. Everyone who goes out of them shall be torn in pieces, because their transgressions are many, their apostasies are numerous. 7 "Why should I pardon you? Your sons have forsaken Me And sworn by those who are not gods. When I had fed them to the full, they committed adultery and trooped to the harlot's house. 8 "They were well-fed lusty horses, each one neighing after his neighbor's wife. 9 "Shall I not punish these people," declares the LORD, "And on a nation such as this shall I not avenge Myself?
D 14 Therefore, thus says the LORD, the God of hosts, "Because you have spoken this word, behold, I am making My words in your mouth fire and this people wood, and it will consume / them.
E 15 "Behold, I am bringing a nation against you from afar, O house of Israel," declares the LORD. "It is an enduring nation, it is an ancient nation, a nation whose language you do not know, nor can you understand what they say. 16 "Their quiver is like an open grave, all of them are mighty men.
A' 30 "An appalling and horrible thing Has happened in the land: 31 the prophets prophesy falsely, and the priests rule on their own authority; and My people love it so! But what will you do at the end of it?
The following excerpt is from James L. Resseguie's book, "Narrative Criticism of the New Testament", p. 58-60. The excerpt is part of the book's explanation for "Chiasm (Chiasmus)".
The book can be found here at Google Books, and here at Amazon.
The word chiasm is derived from the Greek letter chi (written X), which symbolizes the crossover pattern of words, phrases, clauses, or ideas that are repeated in reverse order. The simplest type of chiasm is A B B' A' – a structure that comes full circle by highlighting key concepts in reverse order. A chiastic pattern in Mark 2:27, for instance, keeps the reader's or hearer's attention focused on the main concepts.
A Father, if you are willing.
A' but yours be done.
The first person singular (me, my) is placed within the second person singular (you, yours), which visually underscores that Jesus' will is completely enclosed within the will of the Father. This becomes a model prayer for all: our will needs to be conformed to God's will, not the other way around.
Paul uses chiasms to wrap together an entire book with key theological concepts. In the Letter to the Ephesians he brackets his correspondence with the words "grace" and "peace" (also in 2 Thess. 1:2 and 3:16, 18).
Two sets of overlapping chiasms bring two separate worlds together – this world and the world above. One set – flesh (A), spirit (B), angels (B'), Gentiles (A') – is joined by a second set – angels (A) Gentiles (B), world (B'), glory (A'). The interlocking pattern suggests that Jesus brings together in balanced harmony two worlds that were separated or at odds with each other.


Have you ever felt as though you want to get more out of your accountant?
Well, you're not alone. Our surveying has revealed that some 62% of SMEs think their accountant is a poor communicator and 71% of SMEs criticise their accountant for being completely reactive.
So, if that's your situation, how do you handle it and how do you get more out of your accountant?
Lots of SMEs would appreciate some advice from their accountant. But if the brief is 'do my tax', then that's exactly what you will get. So, be clear about your expectations and if you want more, you're going to have to tell them!
Book regular interactions with your accountant. Quarterly or monthly is usually enough. The agenda can include items like outright performance, performance against budget (or other benchmarks) and topical issues that have arisen. Leave room for Q & A and perhaps cycle through special topics like improving cash flow, efficient use of working capital and scaling right.
Asking specific questions is a good way to create focus on the issues that are important to you and references the specific expertise of your accountant. For example, asking "What can we do to pay less tax?" tells your accountant that's an issue you are focused on and forces him or her to think about what you could do differently to get a better tax outcome.
Asking searching questions draws your accountant into your world and forces him or her to reference tacit knowledge. For example, ask "What 1 thing should I stop doing?" and you're sure to get a valuable answer. Ask "What would you do to improve my cash flow?" or "Tell me what I can learn from a client whose growth impresses you" and you are sure to open up a whole new conversation.
Now, here's something they should be good at! Getting your accountant involved in the budgeting process forces him or her to think about how your business works and how the numbers come together. That level of understanding bodes well for your future discussions and the value you will derive.
It's amazing how a person will strive to live up to their reputation. Introduce your accountant to the receptionist/anyone and say "Anne, have you met Sue? She is our business adviser and we'll be seeing a bit more of her around here, she is going to help us to get this place humming." Watch Sue switch straight into adviser mode and do everything she can to live up to her awesome new reputation!
So, there you have it – 6 ways to get your accountant to give you more. Give it a go and good luck!


text:
An artist's impression of Earth quasi-satellite Kamo`oalewa near the Earth-moon system. Using the Large Binocular Telescope, astronomers have shown that it might be a lost fragment of the moon. (Credit: Addy Graham/University of Arizona)
Asteroid near Earth may actually be an old chunk of the Moon
by Chris Melore
TUCSON, Ariz. — Could there be a mini-Moon floating through our solar system? Researchers from the University of Arizona say a near-Earth asteroid, named Kamo`oalewa, may actually be a large piece of the Moon that somehow broke away from our lone satellite.
Scientists call Kamo`oalewa a quasi-satellite, which is a category of asteroids that orbit the Sun, but still pass relatively close to the Earth. Astronomers know very little about quasi-satellites because they are typically very faint in the night's sky, making it hard for telescopes to spot them. Researchers discovered Kamo`oalewa using the PanSTARRS telescope in Hawaii back in 2016.
The 'offspring' of the Moon?
The asteroid's name comes from a Hawaiian creation chant, which describes an offspring who travels on its own. It is roughly the size of a Ferris wheel, coming in at around 150 to 190 feet in diameter. At its closest, Kamo`oalewa gets within nine million miles of the Earth. However, because of its unique orbit, humans can only see it for a couple of weeks every April and only Earth's largest telescopes can spot it.
So why do scientists think this mysterious mass is actually a chunk of the Moon? UArizona planetary sciences graduate student Ben Sharkey discovered that Kamo`oalewa shares the same pattern of reflected light (its spectrum) as moon rocks collected by the Apollo space missions. Study authors explain that this suggests Kamo`oalewa originated from the same place as those rocks — Earth's moon.
Although the team isn't sure how such a large piece of the Moon broke off, they have never discovered another quasi-satellite that had the same light spectrum as the Moon.
"I looked through every near-Earth asteroid spectrum we had access to, and nothing matched," Sharkey, the paper's lead author, says in a university release.
Finding a missing clue in the asteroid's orbit
Sharkey and his UArizona adviser, associate professor of lunar and planetary sciences Vishnu Reddy, hunted for another possible explanation for this coincidence for three years.
"We doubted ourselves to death," Reddy says.
However, after missing a chance to examine the asteroid in 2020 due to COVID-19 lockdowns, the team discovered the missing piece of the puzzle in April 2021.
"This spring, we got much needed follow-up observations and went, 'Wow it is real,'" Sharkey says. "It's easier to explain with the moon than other ideas."
Study authors found that Kamo`oalewa's orbit is very similar to the Earth's, but with a slight tilt in it. That orbital path is very different from the typical near-Earth asteroids, according to study co-author Renu Malhotra.
"It is very unlikely that a garden-variety near-Earth asteroid would spontaneously move into a quasi-satellite orbit like Kamo`oalewa's," Malhotra explains. "It will not remain in this particular orbit for very long, only about 300 years in the future, and we estimate that it arrived in this orbit about 500 years ago."
As for how the Moon's "offspring" started traveling on its own, Malhotra's lab team is now investigating the possible origins of Kamo`oalewa.
The findings are published in the journal Communications Earth and Environment.
Tags: asteroid, moon, space
Chris Melore
Chris Melore has been a writer, researcher, editor, and producer in the New York-area since 2006. He won a local Emmy award for his work in sports television in 2011.
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