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Le Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress est l'un des bombardiers américains, voire alliés, le plus connu de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et surtout celui qui a largué le plus gros tonnage de bombes tout au long du conflit. Conçu dans la seconde moitié des années 1930, le B-17 a été construit à  et a servi sur tous les théâtres d'opération jusqu'en 1945.

Conception

Boeing commence le travail de conception sur le Modèle 299 dès juin 1934, en réponse à un cahier des charges de l'armée américaine pour un bombardier à « plusieurs moteurs » capable de transporter une tonne de bombes à plus de  en volant à une vitesse moyenne de . Les ingénieurs proposent une formule équipée de quatre moteurs. La construction d'un prototype commence peu après. Celui-ci effectue son premier vol le  et montre rapidement ses capacités en effectuant un vol non-stop de  à la vitesse moyenne de . Le Model 299 a huit membres d'équipage dont quatre mitrailleurs, et ses moteurs sont des Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet de .

Les propositions des autres constructeurs se révélant inférieures, l'USAAF signe un contrat pour  de présérie désignés YB-17, juste avant qu'un accident ne détruise le prototype, le . L'enquête sur l'origine du crash rend méfiant l'État-Major et la commande est réduite à treize exemplaires. Les YB-17 n'ont plus que six membres d'équipage et leurs moteurs sont des Wright GR-1830 Cyclone fournissant  au décollage et utilisant de l'essence d'indice d'octane 100. Le premier d'entre eux décolle le  et les treize exemplaires sont livrés entre janvier et .

Après un certain nombre de modifications (agrandissement de la dérive, suppression de la tourelle de nez, moteurs plus puissants, installation d'un système de visée pour le bombardement, etc.), la fabrication en série est lancée avec le B-17B, dont les livraisons commencent en . Il est aussitôt suivi par le B-17C (dont les tourelles de défense sont améliorées et qui reçoit une mitrailleuse de  à l'avant, du blindage pour protéger l'équipage et des réservoirs auto-obturants) puis par le B-17D (une mitrailleuse de plus sous le ventre, refroidissement des moteurs amélioré).

Il faut cependant attendre 1941 et la version B-17E pour que commence la production en grande série. Cette nouvelle version corrige un défaut majeur, à savoir l'impossibilité de défendre correctement l'avion contre un attaquant venant de l'arrière. Pour cela, un nouveau poste de tir est placée à l'extrémité du fuselage avec deux mitrailleuses de . Les autres positions de mitrailleurs sont également améliorées, de sorte que le B-17E dispose finalement de huit mitrailleuses de  (dont 4 en deux tourelles) et une de  (celle à l'avant). Enfin, la dérive et les ailes sont légèrement agrandies pour améliorer la stabilité.

Le premier B-17E décolle le  et quelques exemplaires sont déjà en unité opérationnelle à Pearl Harbor lors de l'attaque surprise japonaise. Dès 1942, une version B-17F est mise au point pour prendre en compte les problèmes rencontrés en opération : pas moins de  sont apportées, dont l'installation de nouveaux moteurs Wright R-1820-97 Cyclone pouvant fournir (brièvement)  en situation d'urgence. Cette version est la première à être produite non seulement par Boeing () mais aussi par Douglas () et Lockheed ().

La version construite dans le plus grand nombre d'exemplaires est le B-17G. Comme l'expérience des opérations montre une défense insuffisante du secteur avant, une tourelle « menton » avec deux mitrailleuses de  est ajoutée sous le nez. Ceci porte l'armement défensif à treize mitrailleuses, car les deux mitrailleuses ajoutées à l'avant sur les derniers B-17F (une de chaque côté) sont conservées. Les livraisons commencent fin 1943 et, comme pour le B-17F, Douglas (avec ) et Lockheed () participent à la production, Boeing produisant . Les B-17 produits par Boeing sont codés avec les lettres BO, ceux construits chez Lockeed-Vega avec le code VE et les appareils construits par Douglas avec le code DL (ex : le General Ike avait pour matricule B-17G-40 « BO » 42-97061, le Flak Eater B-17G-40 « DL » 44-6009, et le Tinker Toy B-17F-25 « VE » 42-5846).

La robustesse du B-17 est fort appréciée par les équipages qui savent qu'ils peuvent rentrer à bon port même après avoir subi de gros dommages. On trouve de nombreux clichés de B-17 à l'état de quasi-épaves, pris après leur retour à la base. L'un d'entre eux (All American III) ayant sa queue quasiment sectionnée à la suite d'une collision avec un BF-109.

Malgré cela, environ  sont perdus au combat, soit un peu plus du tiers du nombre de B-17 construits. L'avion affiche de bonnes performances à haute altitude ; en revanche, sa capacité d'emport en bombes est plus limitée que celle des autres bombardiers lourds de son époque.

Comme tous les bombardiers de sa génération, il n'est pas pressurisé. Le B-17 était ouvert aux éléments avec entre autres de larges brèches aménagées pour faciliter le tir des mitrailleurs, laissant pénétrer le vent et le froid sur les flancs (waist guns), sans chauffage (à l'exception du poste de pilotage), et la température intérieure oscillait entre – 30°C et – 50° C, sans compter le refroidissement dû au vent et à l'altitude de vol comprise entre .

Engagements

Le B-17 au sein de la RAF

Le , un B-17C du Squadron 90 est attaqué par trois Messerschmitt Bf 109 F du Jagdgeschwader 52 au-dessus de l'île de Texel, au nord de la Hollande-Septentrionale. C'est la première fois qu'un B-17 est intercepté par des avions de chasse : les  touchent bien le quadrimoteur mais sans grand résultat ; les mitrailleurs du B-17 répliquent de telle façon qu'ils mettent hors de combat les trois assaillants. La Forteresse volante commence à établir sa légende. Le  un autre appareil, revenant d'une mission de bombardement sur Brest, est pris à partie par  du JG 2. L'avion britannique subit  mais criblé d'impacts et avec un moteur en flammes, le B-17 rejoint quand même le Royaume-Uni et s'y écrase.

Il y a encore quelques missions sur la Norvège, avec des succès mitigés, mais par la suite le Squadron 90 cède ses B-17C au Squadron 220 du Costal Command qui les utilise comme patrouilleurs océaniques. Un détachement part pour le Moyen-Orient où il obtient d'ailleurs peu de résultats.

Si les B-17C du Squadron 90 n'infligent pas de dommages importants, ils n'en sont pas moins utiles aux Alliés car leur utilisation opérationnelle permet de corriger tous les défauts dont ils souffrent lors de leur mise en service actif. Ainsi l'armement et le blindage sont-ils renforcés. Un système destiné à empêcher le givrage des armes et des moteurs est développé. Et on élabore des équipements pour les pilotes et les mitrailleurs tandis que des observations médicales déterminent les incidences du vol à haute altitude sur le corps humain.

Au Royaume-Uni au sein de la  US Air Force

La tactique officielle de l'United States Army Air Corps (rebaptisé United States Army Air Force — USAAF — en 1941) est le bombardement à haute altitude en utilisant le viseur à correction gyroscopique Norden (alors secret). Les unités de la  Air Force arrivant des États-Unis s'établissent à High Wycombe (Angleterre) le  pour former le  de bombardement.

Le , dix-huit B-17 du  attaquent avec succès la gare de triage de Rouen-Sotteville.

Les deux stratégies différentes des forces de bombardement britanniques et américaines sont organisées à la conférence de Casablanca en . Il en résulte une offensive de bombardement combinée, l'opération Pointblank qui doit affaiblir la Wehrmacht et établir une supériorité aérienne en vue de l'offensive terrestre.

L'opération Pointblank débute par l'attaque de cibles sur l'Europe occidentale. Le général Ira C. Eaker et la  Air Force placent la plus haute priorité dans l'attaque de l'industrie aéronautique allemande et, en particulier, les usines d'assemblage de chasseurs, de moteurs et de roulements à billes.

Le , une attaque sur Brême menée par cent quinze B-17 contre les usines Focke-Wulf est un échec. Seize avions sont abattus, quarante-huit autres endommagés.

Les raids sur les aérodromes allemands n'affaiblissant pas significativement la force de la chasse allemande, Eaker ordonne des missions plus lointaines contre les centres industriels allemands.

La  Air Force prend pour cible les usines de roulements à billes de Schweinfurt.

Le premier raid le  ne cause pas de dommages importants aux usines et les  rencontrent des chasseurs qu'ils estiment à 300. Trente-six avions sont abattus et  perdus, et, avec le raid jumelé sur Ratisbonne, plus tôt dans la même journée, c'est soixante avions qui sont perdus ce jour-là.

Une seconde tentative le  est surnommée plus tard le « jeudi noir ». Des  attaquantes, 59 sont abattues au-dessus de l'Allemagne, une disparaît dans la Manche, cinq s'écrasent en Angleterre et douze de plus doivent être mises au rebut à la suite des dommages de combat ou après des atterrissages sur le ventre. Une perte totale de  B-17.  sont endommagés à des degrés divers et nécessitent des réparations avant de reprendre l'air. Des  d'équipage, 650 ne reviennent pas, encore que quelques-uns survivent à la guerre comme prisonniers. Cinq hommes sont tués et quarante-trois blessés dans les avions qui, endommagés, réussissent à regagner l'Angleterre. Cinq cent quatre-vingt-quatorze hommes sont déclarés « disparus au combat ». Seuls  atterrissent sans dommages.

De telles pertes ne peuvent être supportées, et l'USAAF, reconnaissant la vulnérabilité des bombardiers lourds face aux intercepteurs, suspend les bombardements de jour en profondeur sur l'Allemagne en attendant le développement d'un chasseur d'escorte capable de protéger les bombardiers sur le trajet Angleterre-Allemagne aller-retour. La  Air Force perd à elle seule cent soixante-et-onze bombardiers en . Elle doit supporter des pertes comparables le  au cours de missions sur Oschersleben, Halberstadt et Brunswick. Devant la dégradation des conditions météorologiques, James Doolittle ordonne l'interruption de la mission, mais les unités de tête, déjà entrées dans l'espace aérien ennemi, continuent la mission. La plus grande partie de l'escorte fait demi-tour ou rate le rendez-vous. Il en résulte la perte de .

Un troisième raid sur Schweinfurt illustre ce qu'on doit appeler ensuite la « Grande semaine ». Avec une escorte de P-47 et de P-51 équipés de réservoirs supplémentaires améliorés pour accroître leur rayon d'action, seulement 11 des  sont perdus. L'escorte de chasseurs réduit le taux de pertes à sept pour cent et seulement  sont perdus pendant les  de la « Grande semaine ».

En ,  des  de la Air Force et  des  de la  USAAF utilisent des B-17. Les pertes dues à la Flak continuent à être élevées tout le long de 1944, mais le , le taux de pertes est si bas qu'il ne nécessite plus de remplacements et que le nombre d'appareils par groupe de bombardement est réduit. L'offensive combinée de bombardement a réussi.

Les B-17 en Méditerranée

À la suite du débarquement des Alliés en Afrique du Nord (opération Torch), des groupes entiers de B-17 alors affectés à la  Air Force quittent la Grande-Bretagne pour constituer le noyau de la  Air Force placé sous le commandement du Général James H. Doolittle (instigateur et leader du fameux Raid sur Tokyo en avril 1942). En ,  arrivent des Indes en Égypte pour participer à l'offensive (MTO) aux côtés de  de B-24. La  Air Force délègue elle aussi quelques appareils. D' à , ces appareils bombardent les ports et aérodromes de l'Axe en Tunisie. Quand les Germano-Italiens capitulent en mai 1943, la  Air Force fut scindée en 9 (pour le bombardement tactique) et 15 (pour le bombardement stratégique) Air Forces.

La 15th USAAF formée le  et activée le  est constituée dans un premier temps avec quatre groupes de B-17 et deux groupes de B-24. Quinze nouveaux groupes sont prélevés sur la  USAAF, la première sortie a lieu le  et visait les usines Messerschmitt à Wiener Neustadt près de Vienne en Autriche. Sur les  mis en œuvre, onze sont perdus mais la ville a subi les dommages les plus lourds occasionnés depuis le début de l'offensive aérienne stratégique. D'un autre côté, la position géographique privilégiée dont bénéficie la 15th USAAF lui permet d'attaquer les Balkans, notamment les gisements d'hydrocarbures de Ploiești, le midi de la France, l'Italie du nord, l'Autriche et même le sud de l'Allemagne. Elle appuie également l'opération Dragoon (débarquement allié dans le sud de la France). Dans le même temps les raids répétés contre Ploiești éliminent pratiquement toute production de pétrole. La 15th USAAF se concentre alors sur les fabriques d'essence synthétique établies dans la moitié sud du Reich. Et en quelques semaines, la production d'essence diminue de 50 %. Réputée pour la précision de ses bombardements bien supérieure à celle de la  USAAF, la 15th USAAF cesse son action en .

Engagés dans le Pacifique

C'est dans la nuit du 6 au  que le premier Groupe de B-17E appartenant au Bomb Group 7 arrive aux Philippines via Hawaï. Ils atterrissent en catastrophe au beau milieu de l'attaque japonaise contre Pearl Harbor. L'offensive nipponne contre les Philippines se déroule en même temps que le raid de Pearl Harbor. De plus au soir du , des 35 B-17C et D déjà basés aux Philippines, 17 seulement sont encore en état de vol. Par la suite, ces B-17 portent des coups durs aux forces japonaises. Mais à la veille de Noël 1941, le général Douglas MacArthur, devant l'invasion presque totale de l'archipel philippin, ordonne la retraite sur l'Australie.

D'Australie, les B-17 épargnés sont redéployés à Java afin de combattre l'avancée nipponne. Quelques-uns d'entre eux se distinguent en assaillant sans relâche les unités navales au large des Indes néerlandaises, de la Nouvelle-Guinée et dans la mer de Bismarck. Le B-17D Suzy-Q en est le meilleur exemple : il accumule plusieurs milliers d'heures de combat et couvre une distance de  (). Très sollicitées, les Forteresses volantes savent également gagner le respect des pilotes de chasse japonais. Au cours de cette campagne, les Nippons ne parviennent à détruire que six B-17 en combat aérien. Mis à part les Zéro, aucun chasseur japonais ne possède de canon. La plupart sont équipés d'un armement insuffisant pour avoir raison d'un B-17. Il faut dire que les appareils de chasse nippons sont conçus pour le combat tournoyant et ne disposent ni de blindage ni de réservoirs auto-obturants. Ainsi, un avion japonais atteint aux réservoirs se transformait rapidement en une véritable torche. Les B-17 infligent alors des coups mortels aux escadrilles de Zéro. Malgré cela, en , les Indes néerlandaises sont envahies et les Alliés reportent leurs lignes sur le nord de l'Australie.

Après la guerre

En 1945, un certain nombre de B-17G sont transformés en avions de sauvetage en mer, leur soute recevant alors un canoë gonflable. Désignés B-17H, ils ont le temps de faire quelques missions dans le Pacifique avant la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, et reprennent du service pendant la guerre de Corée avant d'être réformés au milieu des années 1950. D'autres B-17 sont convertis pour la reconnaissance photographique (désignation F-9), tandis que l'US Navy et les garde-côtes récupèrent une cinquantaine d'avions à la fin de la guerre pour des missions de patrouille maritime et de sauvetage.

De nombreux B-17 sont convertis en drones radiocommandés une fois la Seconde Guerre mondiale terminée, soit pour prendre des relevés lors d'essais atomiques, soit pour servir de cibles aux premiers missiles air-air en cours de développement. D'autres sont utilisés pour le transport de passagers (en Bolivie et en Suède), le sauvetage en mer (au Brésil et au Portugal), la lutte anti-incendie, etc.

Trois bombardiers B-17 acquis par l'État d'Israël participent à la guerre de 1948. Ces avions, au départ au nombre de quatre, avaient été achetés au prix de  US l'unité. Les avions avaient pris leur envol à Miami puis avaient traversé l'Atlantique jusqu'en Tchécoslovaquie. Un des avions avait cependant été saisi aux Açores par les autorités portugaises sur demande du gouvernement américain. Les trois autres avions effectuèrent de nombreuses missions durant tout le conflit. Les deux survivants servirent même lors de la Crise du canal de Suez en 1956. Les Flying Fortress israéliens furent définitivement retirés du service en 1958.

L'Institut géographique national français s'équipe en 1947 d'une flotte de -17 rachetés au surplus pour assurer ses opérations de photographie aérienne. Certains restent en exploitation jusqu'au milieu des années 1980 malgré les difficultés de maintenance rencontrées et leur consommation élevée de carburant ( d'essence aviation par heure).

Fin 2022, à la suite du crash en 2019 d'un B17 en démonstration dans le Connecticut, et de la collision avec un P-63 Kingcobra d'un autre appareil le 12 novembre 2022, seuls huit B-17G volent encore régulièrement (dont le B-17G Sally B en Angleterre), deux autres demeurent en état de voler mais ne volent plus régulièrement (dont le B-17G The Pink Lady à l'aérodrome de La Ferté-Alais). Deux autres avions sont en restauration pour revoler d'ici dix ou vingt ans dont un rarissime B-17E baptisé Desert Rat. Un autre avion « hybride » est restauré à Urbana dans l'Ohio pour le Champaign Aviation Museum à partir de deux épaves de B-17G et devrait voler d'ici quelques années. Un B-17G-105-VE est exploité commercialement par l'EAA et propose régulièrement  de courts vols touristiques aux États-Unis et au Canada. Vingt-trois B-17 sont exposés dans des musées ou sur des bases aériennes et enfin une dizaine sont en stockage (dont un B-17G ex F-BGSO de l'IGN stocké au musée de l'Air et de l'Espace du Bourget). Au total, moins d'une cinquantaine d'avions ont survécu.

Variantes

 Model 299 : prototype équipé de moteurs Pratt & Whitney Hornet de  ().
 Y1B-17 : version de présérie, moteurs Wright R-1820-39 de  ().
 Y1B-17A : amélioration du précédent avec moteur Cyclone turbocompressés ().
 B-17B : première version de série avec moteurs Wright R-1850-51 Cyclone de  ().
 B-17C : nouveaux moteurs Wright GR-1820-65 Cyclone, meilleur blindage ().
 B-17D : amélioration du refroidissement des moteurs, une mitrailleuse de plus ().
 B-17E : nouveau profil sur le dessus de l'appareil pour modifier la dérive, moteurs Wright GR-1820-97 Cyclone, armement défensif de queue renforcé ().
 B-17F : moteurs Wright R-1820-97, nouveau montage des mitrailleuses dans le nez vitré sans montant, train d'atterrissage plus robuste ().
 B-17G : ajout d'une tourelle Bendix sous le nez de l'avion et turbocompresseurs General Electric B-22 ().
 B-17H : avions destinés au sauvetage en mer (modification de B-17G).
 YB-40 : conversion de  en 1943 avec ajout d'une tourelle double à l'emplacement du radio, d'une chin turret (tourelle de menton) et le remplacement par des mitrailleuses doubles sur les côtés (waits). Ils sont utilisés comme avions d'escorte et emportent le triple de munition soit  par rapport à un B-17F ().
 XB-38 : remotorisation d'un B-17E (s/n 41-2401) avec des Allison V-1710 et nouvelle désignation.
Un certain nombre d'avions ont connu des utilisations nécessitant une requalification.

Les CB-17 (quelle que soit la sous-version) étaient dévolus au transport.

Les VB-17 étaient les avions d'état-major « VIP ». L'avion utilisé par le Général Doolittle à son arrivée à Okinawa était surnommé « Boops ».

Après guerre, le B-17 a aussi été transformé en DB-17, avion « pilote » de drones.

La version QB-17 était le drone lui-même.

L'avion a connu de très nombreuses utilisations après guerre qui n'ont pas engendré de changement d'appellation, des exemplaires utilisés par l'Institut géographique national à ceux utilisés comme bombardiers d'eau.

Les B-17 les plus connus

 Memphis Belle (B-17F-10-BO) dont de nombreux films (un premier film documentaire de 1944 et une production hollywoodienne de 1990) relatent l'exploit de réussir vingt-cinq missions (voir Memphis Belle et Nose art). Vingt-cinq missions réussies signifient pour l'équipage un billet de retour pour les États-Unis. Le capitaine Robert Morgan et son équipage sont les premiers à y parvenir en 1943. Leur  consiste à ramener le Memphis Belle aux États-Unis. Cet appareil est aujourd'hui conservé à Memphis.
 Shoo Shoo Shoo Baby dont le nom vient d'une fameuse chanson de Glenn Miller.
 Yankee Doodle, (B-17E, S/N 41-2463), vétéran de la bataille de Midway, détruit au décollage à Guadalcanal le 2 Aout 1943.
 General Ike (B-17G-40-BO 42/97061), abattu le  au-dessus de Berlin, un an avant la capitulation allemande.
 The Pink Lady (B-17G), toujours en état de vol au au musée volant Salis.
 .
 Liberty Belle, appareil reprenant cette dénomination portée par deux douzaines de B-17 et B-24 durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale et construit à partir de deux B-17 endommagés. Appartenant à The Liberty Foundation, il a entièrement été détruit par le feu, le , à la suite d'un atterrissage d'urgence sans dommages humains dans un champ à Oswego (Illinois). Une reconstruction à partir de l'épave, et en utilisant encore des éléments d'un autre B-17, est en cours.
 Miss Charlotte (B-17F-105-BO,S/N 42-30500), détruit par collision avec une montagne le 10 Septembre 1944.
 Nine o Nine, de la Fondation Collings, détruit par le feu le  sur l'aéroport de Bradley, dans le Connecticut. Deux minutes après son décollage, le pilote demande à revenir se poser immédiatement, ayant un gros problème avec le moteur n° 4. Lors de l'atterrissage, l'avion se présente trop bas, arrache les rampes lumineuses d'approche, puis dévie et finit par heurter le bâtiment des matériels de dégivrage, et prend feu. L'incendie est rapidement éteint par les pompiers de l'aéroport, mais l'avion est presque entièrement détruit. Sur les treize occupants, sept sont morts (dont les deux pilotes), et six sont gravement blessés. Un membre du personnel du dégivrage, et un pompier de l'équipe qui intervenait ont été brûlés aux mains et aux bras en tentant d'accéder à l'intérieur de l'avion pour aider à l'évacuation. L'enquête du NTSB met en cause un défaut de maintenance et une erreur de pilotage.
 Sentimental Journey.
 Texas Raiders, détruit le , percuté en vol par un Bell P-63 Kingcobra lors du meeting « Wings Over Dallas »  au Dallas Executive Airport de Dallas. Les cinq occupants du Boeing et le pilote du monoplace sont tous décédés.
 Chow Hound, ( du  Bomb Squadron). Abattu lors d'une mission en Normandie par la Flak allemande et crashé dans un champ à Lonlay-l'Abbaye le . Aucun des neuf membres d'équipage ne survécut. Les restes de trois disparus furent retrouvés lors d'une fouille en 2004 et inhumés au cimetière d'Arlington en 2006. En 2011, une délégation de soldats américains rapatrie une aile de l'avion aux États-Unis.
 All American, à l'origine d'une des plus fameuses photos d'un B-17 sérieusement endommagé lors d'une mission mais qui ramena tout son équipage sain et sauf à la base.
  lors d'une mission de reconnaissance photographique au-dessus de l'île de Bougainville pour préparer la Campagne de Bougainville, ce B-17 résiste à l'assaut de plusieurs Mitsubishi A6M et parvient à rentrer malgré de graves dommages, un mort et cinq blessés. La Medal of Honor est décernée au pilote Jay Zeamer et l'opérateur de bombardement Joseph Sarnoski (à titre posthume), le reste de l'équipage reçoit la Distinguished Service Cross.
 Bir-Hakeim (B-17F-90-BO) : d'abord surnommé Charlène dans l'armée américaine, il est offert en 1944 par le général Eisenhower au général français Pierre Kœnig qui le baptise en l'honneur de la bataille de Bir Hakeim et en fait son avion de transport personnel, piloté par Francis Melville-Lynch. En mission diplomatique, il réalise le tour du monde entre  et  via l'Inde, l'océan Pacifique et les États-Unis. Il est retiré du service en 1955 à la suite d'un accident en Allemagne.
Her did, un B17 coulé à quelques dizaines de mètres de la citadelle de Calvi, en Corse, qui est un site de plongée extrêmement connu (28 M de fond, accessible sans bateau aux plongeurs de Niveau 2 CMAS). De retour d'une mission sur l'Italie en , l'appareil , abondamment criblé par la chasse allemande, qui vole avec deux moteurs hors service et le troisième privé de turbocompresseur, ne peut atteindre les grands aérodromes militaires de la plaine orientale de la Corse, la piste de Calvi (à l'époque) est de toutes façons trop courte pour un bombardier lourd. Son pilote, le Lieutenant Franck Chaplick réussit cependant un amerrissage presque parfait qui permettra de sauver les survivants. Les restes humains présents à bord ont été remontés dans les années 60 par un scaphandrier local (M Valeani) à la demande d'un « identificateur de cadavres » mandaté par l'US Air Force. D'après le livre de l'archéologue subaquatique JP Joncheray, l'officier américain qui réceptionna les ossements humains aurait identifié comme un Afro-Américain le mitrailleur de la tourelle ventrale dont la disposition interdisait toute évacuation en cas d'amerrissage ou de crash-landing terrestre avec le train rentré.

Dans la culture populaire

Inspiré de faits réels, le film Air Force (1943) de Howard Hawks raconte l'histoire d'un B-17 pendant l'attaque de Pearl Harbor. Un B-17 est présent dans Un homme de fer (1949) de Henry King.

Le film Memphis Belle (1990) revient sur les aventures de l'équipe du B-17 du même nom en 1943. Un B-17 est présent dans le film fantastique et horrifique Shadow in the Cloud (2020).

L'appareil est au cœur des jeux vidéo B-17 Flying Fortress (1992) et B-17 Flying Fortress: The Mighty 8th (2000).

B-17 G est un essai de Pierre Bergounioux, paru en 2001, prenant comme point de départ un photogramme de destruction d'un bombardier de ce type par un chasseur de la Luftwaffe.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Article connexe
 Liste des avions militaires de la Seconde Guerre mondiale

Bibliographie
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 Zamzow, Major (USAF) S. L. Ambassador of American Airpower: Major General Robert Olds (A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the School of Advanced Air and Space Studies). Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: , 2008.
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  ; traduit de l'anglais ; dépôt légal 3T 1980.

Littérature
 B-17 G de Pierre Bergounioux, 2001 (voir section )

Liens externes
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  &  / Site des B-17 et B-24 tombés en France entre 1942 et 1945.
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  Une page sur le B-17 avec des photos (B-17C utilisés par la RAF, vue du cockpit et autre)
  Blog qui retrace l'histoire du B-17 Pink Lady (toujours en état de vol)
  Site US sur B-17 et B-25 avec notamment la liste des films où ils apparaissent, incluant même La Grande Vadrouille

B-17
B17 Flying
Avion de transport militaire
Avion militaire de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Avion à hélices
Avion quadrimoteur
B-17
C-108
Avion des années 1930
Avion des années 1940
Premier vol en 1935


text:
Vikings too much for Titans
El Paso-Gridley football
Tri-Valley scored two touchdowns in a 2½-minute span at the quarter turn in the first half to vault past El Paso-Gridley en route to a 42-6 Heart of Illinois Conference Large Division contest Friday night.
The Vikings scored first on a 65-yard run from Cole Maxedon, Bryce Bedillion's conversion kick made it 7-0 with 5:43 to go in the opening frame. Bedillion was good on all six of his conversion kicks.
The Titans responded with a scoring drive that was capped by a 30-yard pass play from Sawyer Schlipf to Ryne Faulk. The two-point conversion failed and EPG trailed 7-6.
Hunter Gawlik had a quick answer for Tri-Valley when he raced 55 yards on the first play of the next possession. This made it 14-6 with 2:05 to go in the first period.
Maxedon ran in from 10 yards with 11:30 left in the half for the second quick score. He added a 14-yard run and Jake Reeser ran in from three yards for a 35-6 halftime lead.
Zach Woodring scored the last TD, which came with 10:34 remaining in the game.
Faulk was held to 71 yards on 20 carries for EPG (2-2, 1-1). Schlipf was 4 of 7 throwing for 46 yards and a touchdown.
Gawlik led Tri-Valley with 180 yards and Maxedon added 125 yards. Reeser threw for 63 yards on 4 of 8 passing.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Shader debug instrumentation is now available. The DxilDebugInstrumentation.cpp file describes it very well and it's a short read - go for it!
More and more of HLSL is coming online for SPIR-V.
Lots of fixes. Please keep those bug reports coming!
The Windows 10 SDK for Fall Creators Update (10.0.16299.15) is now available! This includes a version that's roughly what we have in the dxil-2017-06 branch. We'll update the build process soon to support it properly, and we'll start phasing out support for older SDKs.
In particular, phasing out support for older SDKs also means phasing out support for older dxil.dll validator versions. Sometimes we need to constrain our output or reproduce issues if we detect and old validator being used, but given that this is a build-time component, developers can upgrade compiler and validator simultaneously and we needn't keep an ever-growing list of prior validator versions.
Also, in case you missed it, there is an interactive wave sample available. Nice visualization of how this works.
Actually running the shader debug instrumentation requires invoking the optimizer directly; this is based on the same API we use to work with passes. I'll discuss more about how the pipeline works and how parts can be programmed in a future post.


text:
Privacy Policy for Lakeside Eye Associates
Last updated: September 14th, 2020Lakeside Eye Associates ("us", "we", or "our") operates www.lakesideeyes.com (the "Site"). This page informs you of our policies regarding the collection, use, and disclosure of Personal Information we receive from users of the Site.We use your Personal Information only for providing and improving the Site. By using the Site, you agree to the collection and use of information in accordance with this policy.
Information Collection And UseWhile using our Site, we may ask you to provide us with certain personally identifiable information that can be used to contact or identify you. Personally, identifiable information may include but is not limited to your name ("Personal Information").We use the information we collect in various ways, including to:
● Provide, operate, and maintain our website● Improve, personalize, and expand our website● Understand and analyze how you use our website● Develop new products, services, features, and functionality● Communicate with you, either directly or through one of our partners, including for customer service, to provide you with updates and other information relating to the website, and for marketing and promotional purposes● Send you emails● Find and prevent fraud
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Like any other website, www.lakesideeyes.com uses 'cookies'. These cookies are used to store information including visitors' preferences, and the pages on the website that the visitor accessed or visited. The information is used to optimize the users' experience by customizing our web page content based on visitors' browser type and/or other information.
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Third-party ad servers or ad networks uses technologies like cookies, JavaScript, or Web Beacons that are used in their respective advertisements and links that appear on www.lakesideeyes.com, which are sent directly to users' browser. They automatically receive your IP address when this occurs. These technologies are used to measure the effectiveness of their advertising campaigns and/or to personalize the advertising content that you see on websites that you visit.
Note that www.lakesideeyes.com has no access to or control over these cookies that are used by third-party advertisers.
www.lakesideeyes.com's Privacy Policy does not apply to other advertisers or websites. Thus, we are advising you to consult the respective Privacy Policies of these third-party ad servers for more detailed information. It may include their practices and instructions about how to opt-out of certain options.
www.lakesideeyes.com does not knowingly collect any Personal Identifiable Information from children under the age of 13. If you think that your child provided this kind of information on our website, we strongly encourage you to contact us immediately and we will do our best efforts to promptly remove such information from our records.
This Privacy Policy is effective as of 5/1/2021 and will remain in effect except with respect to any changes in its provisions in the future, which will be in effect immediately after being posted on this page.


text:
Maiak (în ) este un sat în comuna Olenivka din raionul Ciornomorske, Republica Autonomă Crimeea, Ucraina.

Demografie

Conform recensământului din 2001, toată populația localității Maiak era vorbitoare de rusă (100%).

Note

Maiak, Olenivka
Maiak, Olenivka, Ciornomorske
Maiak, Olenivka, Ciornomorske, Crimeea

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


NEA: What kinds of art-full activities do you get up to when you're not judging poetry competitions?
NEA: Which poets and other artists, living or dead, would you invite to your next dinner party?
NEA: What kind of poem are you?
NEA: Which poem would you memorize and why?
JOUDAH: Any of Shakespeare's sonnets. Each has at least 27 lessons to learn. I love most his off-beat ones, so to speak, like Sonnet 66. I would also memorize a poem, any poem, in another language, given I could speak that language reasonably well.
EDUARDO CORRAL: Reader. Reader. Reader. Poet. Son.
NEA: What kinds of art-full activities do you get up to when you're not judging poetry competitions?
CORRAL: I live in New York City. I love walking around, exploring new neighborhoods. I'm always visiting museums, trying out new restaurants, making coffee dates with old and new friends.
CORRAL: I would love to break bread with Robert Hayden and Federico Garcia Lorca. I would sit back and let them talk. I can't even begin to fathom their conversation. But just thinking about it fills me with joy.
CORRAL: I'm the volta in a sonnet. A turn, a twist, a change.
Which poem would you memorize and why?
CORRAL: Currently, I'm memorizing "Iskandariya" by Brigit Pegeen Kelly. It's one of the most beautiful and moving poems I know. I carry it with me everywhere. It lives in my heart. It's helping me to heal a broken heart.
HUGHES: My whole life is an art-full activity. The whole process of living is my creative act.
HUGHES: Free verse. I can't be restricted by any rules.
HUGHES: Leaves of Grass because I contain multitudes.
Tree Swenson. Photo by Brian Palmer.
TREE SWENSON: Poets---most of my life.
SWENSON: Reading poetry, going to poetry readings, reading poetry, arranging poetry readings, reading poetry, working with poets---and writers!
SWENSON: An ambiguous poem---one requiring magnums of negative capability.
SWENSON: Beyond the many poems I've already memorized, I would memorize [T.S. Eliot's] Four Quartets, but my memory isn't quite that big.
KEVIN DYELS: Theater, travel, music, humor, ASL.
DYELS: I work with the deaf community in visual theater. I watch as many professional theater and concert performances as possible. I do some sound design.
DYELS: "There is another Sky"--- Emily Dickinson---it's simple with clear imagery. Additionally it has an encouraging and inviting tone that leaves you feeling lighter and connected to the piece.
JON WEST-BEY: I do what I want.
WEST-BEY: Playing chess. Spending time with family.
WEST-BEY: Definitely a haiku. Short and to the point.
WEST-BEY: "We Real Cool" by Gwendolyn Brooks. I like its rhythm and its edginess.
PATRICIA SMITH: Fall down, rise up, repeat.
SMITH: I WRITE poetry. And fiction. Collaborate with musicians and dancers. Romp with huge wooly canines. Edit my husband's crime fiction.
SMITH: I'm a sestina. I may repeat myself, but I grow stronger and more nuanced each time.
SMITH: I'd love to internalize Ginsberg's "Howl." It would be great fun to just mutter segments during crowded subway rides.
SIMONE MUENCH: She was not Nina Simone.
MUENCH: I'm a horror film junkie who loves to coordinate ladies' dance night especially when my girlfriends are DJing.
MUENCH: That's an impossible question!
The dead: I'd like to sip an aperitif with Andre Breton; dance the rumba with Robert Desnos; share a glass of port with Julio Cortazar as he reads to me. Others in attendance might include Joyce Mansour, Maya Deren, El Lissitzky, Ladislaw Starewicz, Billy Wilder, Neruda, Shakespeare, and Sappho. The living: Tom Waits for a little pre-dinner piano and crooning, Wong Kar-Wai for post-dinner spectacle, Toni Morrison and Anne Carson to provide some wit and impromptu readings, and Joss Whedon to keep it real!
MUENCH: Probably a sonnet, more specifically, a Berryman sonnet like "All We Were Going Strong" because "I'm laid back with a lot of rules"; or, at least that's how my boyfriend describes me.
MUENCH: I've memorized, and recite on occasion, Stevens' "The Emperor of Ice Cream" because I love its commingling of the whimsical and the sinister; Plath's "Lady Lazarus" for its controlled but gut-wrenching rage; and Larkin's "This Be the Verse" because it's incredibly satisfying to drop the f-word on a bunch of unsuspecting Catholic students.
DAN BRADY: Dan Brady loves reading poetry.
BRADY: I'm the poetry editor of Barrelhouse magazine, a bi-annual print journal that publishes fiction, poetry, and pop culture-related non-fiction. We're just coming off a day-long conference we run here in DC called Conversations and Connections, which was a huge success. Now we'll begin planning the fall version which takes place in Philly at the University of the Arts on September 28th.
I'm also part of an emerging group of writers, editors, and reading-series coordinators who are working together to better coordinate literary activities in the District. The group is called DC Lit. We've been meeting for the past few months to share resources, knowledge, and build tools that will help us work better together.
Otherwise, I'm just reading and writing poems every chance I get.
BRADY: Matthew Rohrer, Justin Marks, Laura Solomon, and Farid Matuk, though I might not let them eat because I'd want them to read to me the whole time.
BRADY: I'm a pretty low-key guy so I'll go with haibun. It may seem prosaic at first, but hits you with poetry when you least expect it.
BRADY: In college I memorized Allen Ginsberg's "A Supermarket in California" and since then haven't been able to buy avocados without thinking about it. A few years ago, I memorized a bunch of poems by Joseph Massey, which are short and striking and often spring to mind when I see specific things: a hummingbird, a thicket of bramble, broken concrete.
ROBERT CASPER: I ain't no Robbie Robot.
CASPER: Well, I go to a heckuva lot of poetry readings. I like to see plays, too, and music performances. And I love love love movies and a few TV shows (I'm sad Justified just finished its season).
CASPER: Hmmm. I'd start with Walt Whitman, and it would be hard to resist pairing him with Emily Dickinson (though she'd likely be unhappy to be brought back from the dead for such a party). And heck, why not bring Shakespeare back! Do you think he would like to sit between Wordsworth and Chaucer? My dinner is looking positively canonical . . . I would really like to meet Marianne Moore. And I bet Gertrude Stein would be a blast.
CASPER: I am a dog. A Whitmanic dog. My wife is a Dickinsonian cat.
NEA: Which poem would you memorize?
CASPER: First thought, best thought right? I was just talking to a friend about John Ashbery, and I wish I had "A Wave" memorized. I love that poem.
O'BRIEN: I try to see something new at least once a week. I like visiting art galleries and museums, but have a very short attention span and don't like crowds so my visits are brief. I plan them like military incursions---I have a target. I go in, accomplish the mission, and get out fast. That way I don't feel overwhelmed or under pressure to see everything just because I'm there. I read incessantly and often have several books on the go. I try to read a poet every month; April is John Donne and last month was Louis MacNiece. He apparently died of pneumonia in 1963 after potholing in Yorkshire, England, to record sound effects for his last BBC radio play. That's dedication to art.
O'BRIEN: U.S. poet laureate Natasha Trethewey. I've so far failed to secure an interview with her so perhaps I can tempt her with my chicken curry and lemon chickpea rice?
O'BRIEN: I'm definitely a ballad---but more in keeping with the "Shooting of Dan McGrew" by Robert Service than Tennyson's "Lady of Shalott."
O'BRIEN: I try to memorize a new poem every month for mental exercise. It's also the best way to get inside the skin of a poem as you have to really understand it and return to it often to fix it permanently in your brain. One of the most satisfying in my (short) repertoire is "Tarantella" by Hilaire Belloc. I love its rhythm and rolling words.


text:
HB 459-FN - FINAL VERSION
19Mar2019... 0790h
05/23/2019 1976s
27Jun2019... 2614-CofC
27Jun2019... 2661-EBA
HOUSE BILL 459-FN
AN ACT defining hemp, relative to its growth and use in New Hampshire, establishing a committee to study the federal guidelines on growing hemp, and relative to costs of care for animals seized in animal cruelty cases and prohibiting the future ownership of animals in certain animal cruelty cases.
SPONSORS: Rep. Bixby, Straf. 17; Rep. Gagne, Hills. 13; Rep. Pearl, Merr. 26; Rep. Knirk, Carr. 3; Rep. O'Connor, Rock. 6; Rep. Cushing, Rock. 21; Sen. Giuda, Dist 2; Sen. Reagan, Dist 17; Sen. Fuller Clark, Dist 21
COMMITTEE: Environment and Agriculture
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
AMENDED ANALYSIS
This bill:
I. Defines "hemp."
II. Allows for the growth of hemp in New Hampshire.
III. Establishes a study committee to study the federal guidelines on growing hemp.
IV. Establishes a study committee to study the federal guidelines on growing industrial hemp.
V. Further defines the meaning of priority on the calendar for animal cruelty cases in which animals must be held for the duration of a criminal prosecution.
VI. Clarifies the process for a defendant to post bond after conviction in order to retain a legal interest in the animals through the appeals process.
VII. Further defines the court's ability to ban a person convicted of animal cruelty from owning animals.
VIII. Requires dogs, cats, and ferrets to be transferred with a health certificate.
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Explanation: Matter added to current law appears in bold italics.
Matter removed from current law appears [in brackets and struckthrough.]
Matter which is either (a) all new or (b) repealed and reenacted appears in regular type.
27Jun2019... 2661-EBA 19-0278
STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
In the Year of Our Lord Two Thousand Nineteen
Be it Enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court convened:
306:1 Findings. The general court finds:
I. Hemp has been continuously cultivated for millennia, is accepted and available in the global marketplace, and has numerous beneficial, practical, and economic uses, including: high-strength fiber, textiles, clothing, bio-fuel, paper products, protein-rich food containing essential fatty acids and amino acids, biodegradable plastics, resins, nontoxic medicinal and cosmetic products, construction materials, rope, and value-added crafts.
II. The many agriculturally and environmentally beneficial uses of hemp include: livestock feed and bedding, stream buffering, erosion control, water and soil purification, and weed control.
III. The hemp plant, an annual herbaceous plant with a long slender stem ranging in height from 4 to 15 feet and a stem diameter of ¼ to ¾ of an inch is morphologically distinctive and readily identifiable as an agricultural crop grown for the cultivation and harvesting of its fiber and seed.
IV. Hemp cultivation will enable the state of New Hampshire to accelerate economic growth and job creation and promote environmental stewardship.
306:2 New Chapter; Hemp. Amend RSA by inserting after chapter 439 the following new chapter:
CHAPTER 439-A
439-A:1 Purpose. The intent of this chapter is to define hemp so that farmers and other businesses in the New Hampshire agricultural industry can take advantage of this market opportunity afforded by the passage of the Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018.
439-A:2 Definitions. In this chapter:
I. "Cannabidiol" or "CBD" is a phytocannabinoid extracted from hemp plants.
II. "Commissioner" means the commissioner of the department of agriculture, markets, and food.
III. "Department" means the department of agriculture, markets, and food.
IV. "Hemp products" means all products made from hemp, including cloth, cordage, fiber, food, fuel, paint, paper, construction materials, plastics, seed, seed meal, seed oil, and certified seed for cultivation.
V. "Hemp" means the plant Cannabis sativa L. and any part of the plant, whether growing or not, with a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol concentration (THC) of not more than 0.3 percent on a dry weight basis.
439-A:3 Hemp Permitted. Hemp is an agricultural product which may be grown as a crop, processed, possessed, and commercially traded in New Hampshire. Any grower, processor, or commercial trader of hemp shall be licensed by the United States Department of Agriculture.
306:3 Controlled Drug Act; Marijuana; Hemp Exception. Amend RSA 318-B:2-c, I(a) to read as follows:
(a) "Marijuana" includes the leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds of all species of the plant genus cannabis, but shall not include the resin extracted from any part of such plant and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation from such resin including hashish, and further, shall not include the mature stalks of such plant, fiber produced from such stalks, oil or cake made from the seeds of such plant, any other compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such mature stalks, fiber, oil or cake, or the sterilized seed of such plant which is incapable of germination. Marijuana shall not include hemp grown, processed, marketed, or sold under RSA 439-A.
306:4 Therapeutic Cannabis; Hemp Excepted. Amend 126-X:1, III to read as follows:
III. "Cannabis" means all parts of any plant of the Cannabis genus of plants, whether growing or not; the seeds thereof; the resin extracted from any part of such plant; and every compound, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such plant, its seeds, or resin. Such term shall not include the mature stalks of such plants, fiber produced from such stalks, oil, or cake made from the seeds of such plants, any other compound, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such mature stalks (except the resin extracted therefrom), fiber, oil or cake, or the sterilized seeds of such plants which are incapable of germination. In this chapter, cannabis shall not include hemp grown, processed, marketed, or sold under RSA 439-A.
306:5 Committee Established. There is established a committee to study the administrative mechanisms for permitting growing hemp in New Hampshire consistent with the federal Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018 and determining labeling requirements for hemp products sold in New Hampshire.
306:6 Membership and Compensation.
I. The members of the committee shall be as follows:
(a) Three members of the house of representatives, appointed by the speaker of the house of representatives.
(b) One member of the senate, appointed by the president of the senate.
II. Members of the committee shall receive mileage at the legislative rate when attending to the duties of the committee.
306:7 Duties. The committee shall:
I. Review the statutes relating to hemp in the Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018 and the United States Department of Agriculture rules and guidelines for states choosing to license the growing, processing, marketing, and sale of hemp and hemp products.
II. Determine whether it is preferable for the state of New Hampshire to establish a state level oversight program for hemp within the department of agriculture, markets, and food or to request the federal government to oversee hemp production in New Hampshire.
III. Determine labeling requirements for hemp products in New Hampshire, and in particular, those products that may be intended for human consumption or for application to human skin and further, determine what department would be charged with oversight of labeling, and determine enforcement policies.
306:8 Chairperson; Quorum. The members of the study committee shall elect a chairperson from among the members. The first meeting of the committee shall be called by the first-named house member. The first meeting of the committee shall be held within 45 days of the effective date of this section. Three members of the committee shall constitute a quorum.
306:9 Report. The committee shall report its findings and any recommendations for proposed legislation to the speaker of the house of representatives, the president of the senate, the house clerk, the senate clerk, the governor, and the state library on or before November 1, 2019.
306:10 Animal Cruelty. RSA 644:8, IV is repealed and reenacted to read as follows:
IV.(a)(1) Any person charged with animal cruelty under paragraphs III or III-a may have his or her animals confiscated by the arresting officer.
(2) A person charged under this section may petition the court to seek an examination of the animals by a veterinarian licensed under RSA 332-B of his or her choice at the expense of the person charged.
(3) Courts shall give cases in which animals have been confiscated by an arresting officer priority on the court calendar. In cases in which animals have been confiscated by an arresting officer or his or her agency, a status hearing shall be held by the court within 14 days of the confiscation of the animals.
(4) Any person with proof of sole ownership or co-ownership of an animal confiscated by an arresting officer in an animal cruelty case and who is not a defendant or party of interest in the criminal case may petition the court for temporary custody of the animal. The court shall give such person priority for temporary custody of the animal if the court determines it is in the best interest of the animal's health, safety, and wellbeing.
(5) No custodian of an animal confiscated under this section shall spay or neuter or otherwise permanently alter the confiscated animal in his or her custody pending final disposition of the court case unless a treating veterinarian deems such procedure necessary to save the life of the animal.
(6) Upon a person's conviction of cruelty to animals, the court shall dispose of the confiscated animal in any manner it decides except in a case in which the confiscated animal is owned or co-owned by persons other than the defendant. If the defendant does not have an ownership interest in the confiscated animal, the court shall give priority to restoring full ownership rights to any person with proof of ownership if the court determines that such is in the best interest of the animal's health, safety, and wellbeing. If the confiscated animal is co-owned by the defendant, the court shall give priority to transferring the defendant's interest in the property to the remaining owner or co-owners equitably if the court determines that such is in the best interest of the animal's health, safety, and wellbeing.
(7) The costs to provide the confiscated animals with humane care and adequate and necessary veterinary services, if any, incurred in boarding and treating the animal, pending disposition of the case, and in disposing of the animal upon a conviction of said person for cruelty to animals, shall be borne by the person so convicted in accordance with rules adopted by the department of agriculture, markets, and food.
(b) In addition, the court may prohibit any person convicted of a misdemeanor offense of animal cruelty under RSA 644:8, RSA 644:8-aa, RSA 644:8-b, RSA 644:8-c, or RSA 644:8-d, or violation of RSA 644:8-f from having future ownership or custody of, or residing with other animals for any period of time the court deems reasonable or impose any other reasonable restrictions on the person's future ownership or custody of animals as necessary for the protection of the animals. The court shall prohibit or limit any person convicted of a felony offense of animal cruelty under RSA 644:8 or a misdemeanor or felony offense of bestiality under RSA 644:8-g from having future ownership or custody of other animals for a minimum of 5 years, and may impose any other reasonable restrictions on the person's future ownership or custody of, or residing or having contact with animals as necessary for the protection of the animals. For the purposes of this paragraph, a reasonable restriction on future contact may include limiting a person from engaging in any employment in the care of animals or other similar contact as the court sees fit. Any animal involved in a violation of a court order prohibiting or limiting ownership or custody of animals shall be subject to immediate forfeiture. Any person violating such order may, in addition to being held in criminal contempt of court or subject to a probation violation, be fined in the amount of $1,000 in any court of competent jurisdiction for each animal held in unlawful ownership or custody.
(c) If a person convicted of any offense of cruelty to animals appeals the conviction in an initial de novo or subsequent appeal and any confiscated animal remains in the custody of the arresting officer, the arresting officer's agency, or the arresting officer's agency's designee pending disposition of the appeal, in order for the defendant or appellant to maintain a future interest in the animal, the trial or appellate court, after consideration of the income of the defendant or appellant, may require the defendant or appellant to post a bond or other security in an amount not exceeding $2,000 for each animal in custody for costs expected to be incurred for the board and care of the animal during the trial, trial de novo, or appeal. Such bond or security shall be posted to the court within 30 days. If such bond or security is not paid within 30 days after the court orders the bond or security to be posted, the animals shall be forfeited to the arresting officer, the arresting officer's agency, or the arresting officer's agency's designee. The court may, for good cause, extend the deadline by no more than 15 days. If the conviction is affirmed on appeal, the costs incurred for the board and care of the animal, from the date the animal or animals were originally confiscated, shall be paid to the custodial agency from the posted security and the balance, if any, shall be returned to the person who posted it. A court shall order the return of any bond or security upon a court approved agreement of the parties, a finding of not guilty, or the reversal of a conviction, unless it is a reversal with remand for further proceeding.
306:11 New Paragraph; Health Certificates for Dogs, Cats, and Ferrets. Amend RSA 437:8 by inserting after paragraph V the following new paragraph:
VI. No dog, cat, or ferret shall be offered for transfer by a licensee or by any individual without first being protected against infectious diseases using a vaccine approved by the state veterinarian. No dog, cat, or ferret shall be offered for transfer by a licensee or by any individual unless accompanied by an official health certificate issued by a licensed veterinarian. No transfer shall occur unless the transferred animal is accompanied by a health certificate issued within the prior 14 days. The certificate shall be in triplicate, one copy of which shall be retained by the signing veterinarian, one copy of which shall be for the licensee's records, and one copy of which shall be given to the transferee upon transfer as provided in paragraph III. If an official health certificate is produced, it shall be prima facie evidence of transfer. The signing veterinarian shall provide a copy of the health certificate to the department of agriculture, markets, and food upon request.
306:12 Rulemaking; Authority; Care of Animals in Custody. Amend RSA 437:9, IV and V to read as follows:
IV. Notice and hearing on the refusal to issue or the revocation of a license; [and]
V. Setting limits for reasonable daily boarding and care costs for animals confiscated under RSA 644:8, IV.
[V.] VI. Any other matter the commissioner may deem necessary to carry out the provisions of this subdivision.
306:13 Effective Date.
I. Sections 10-12 of this act shall take effect January 1, 2020.
II. The remainder of this act shall take effect upon its passage.
Approved: July 30, 2019
I. Sections 10-12 shall take effect January 1, 2020.
II. Remainder shall take effect July 30, 2019.


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Greek Women returning to Turkey on a Rugby League mission
Written by Staff Writers
Photo by GRLA
In September 2019 a group of Greek women set off from Athens on a 26 hour bus ride to Edirne, Turkey to create history as the first national women's rugby league team from Greece.
The enthusiastic Hellas side was defeated 40-4 by a stronger, more experienced Turkish team but the foundations had been set.
Three years later Greece will meet Turkey again in Istanbul with a goal to improve on the previous performance.
"Last time we played an international match, while winning is always the aim, we were happy just to be there and get started," Head Coach Stuart McLennan explained.
"It was very much the beginning for us and most of the players had never played a full 13 a side match before we took the field.
"I was proud of their attitude and effort on that day but this time around we want to go to the next level.
"We expected to kick on with women's rugby league in Greece following our debut but the global pandemic and other issues scarpered those plans.
"With the Greek Rugby League recently being recognised by the Government as a federation, and eight players returning from 2019, the future is looking much brighter."
Greece Captain Rania Koutsikou had the honour of being the first ever scorer for the women's team after she bagged the blue and white's only try in Edirne.
"I still remember the seconds before that try, when I saw the opportunity, I just said 'now or never' Greece has to be on the scoreboard, 'we have to score now' and we did. Of course, I feel very proud to be the first scorer for my country but I know that all the team worked very hard for it, Koutsikou said.
"Honestly, it's an honour to be the captain of this amazing squad. These girls are true athletes, I know the sacrifices that they're doing in order to be ready for our games, they give it their all and the preparation period convinced me that this sport has a bright future.
"From our first game back in 2019, many things have changed. To begin with, our knowledge of the game has improved, many girls play footy in Greece or Wales and we have a better understanding of its rules. Also, our physical capacity is different, as I said the majority of our girls are true athletes and they are working hard all summer to be ready and play hard. Of course, this has to do with all the good work that our coaching staff has managed to organise for us as well.
"I like to speak with actions rather than words and all I'm going to say is that you are going to watch a very powerful squad that will give you the opportunity to watch big hits and amazing skills. Our goal is our participation in the World Cup and I'm very optimistic that we can do it and very sure that we will fight until the end for it."
"With the squad we have assembled and the quality work of our coaching staff I am excited about the potential of this team leading up to 2025," McLennan concluded.
19 player squad to travel to Turkey
Marilena Gkirlemi, Marianna Lamproy, Anna Spatharova, Chrysavgi Mpakaloumi, Rania Koutsikou (Captain), Sophie Kitsaneli, Asimina Mastoraki, Irene Dakidi, Eirini Ntasiou, Maggie Stavrianou, Valia Koutsioumpa, Dimitra Papoutsi, Maria Avzoti, Antonia Voikl, Aspasia Stavrianou, Cleopatra Velmachou, Styliani Markou, Yiofi Koutsimpogeorgou, Chrysiida Lymperidi
Turkey vs Greece Sunday 25 September at 13:00, İTÜ Ayazağa stadium, Istanbul
Greece vs Serbia Sunday 2nd October at 15:00, Gkorytsa Field, Aspropyrgos


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Epic Y-Grade Announces Completion of First Greenfield Fractionator, Closing of Strategic Transaction and Expansion Of Asset Base To Sweeny, Texas
SAN ANTONIO, TX – EPIC Y-Grade, LP is pleased to announce that a subsidiary has fully commissioned and placed into service its first 110,000 barrel per day greenfield fractionator at its Robstown, Texas, fractionation complex. EPIC's total nameplate fractionation capacity is 180,000 barrels per day, which services Corpus Christi, Texas, and other Texas Gulf Coast markets.
Additionally, the Company has completed a strategic transaction with MPLX and WhiteWater Midstream, including the sale of an undivided joint interest in the EPIC Y-grade pipeline from Benedum to Gardendale, as well as transportation agreements on certain other segments from Orla, Texas, to Sweeny, Texas. Proceeds from the transaction will be reinvested into the Company. In order to make NGL deliveries to Sweeny, EPIC will extend its existing long-haul 12" ethane pipeline from Markham to Sweeny and convert the pipeline to NGL service by third quarter 2021. EPIC's Corpus Christi fractionation complex will have direct Y-grade, ethane and propane connections with the Sweeny fractionation complex.
In conjunction with the transaction, the Company has executed multi-year contracts with Phillips 66 for NGL and ethane storage, ethane transportation and fractionation capacity. These agreements provide added operational flexibility, new service offerings and diversified markets for EPIC shippers. EPIC's total owned and controlled fractionation capacity is 220,000 barrels per day across the Texas Gulf Coast.
"The commissioning of our first greenfield fractionator further demonstrates EPIC's ability to deliver major projects safely and successfully," said Phillip Mezey, Chief Executive Officer of EPIC. "The transaction provides producers and processors in the Permian Basin another Mt. Belvieu alternative—without the need for a new-build pipeline—while greatly enhancing the connectivity between the Corpus Christi and Sweeny NGL systems."
About EPIC Y-Grade, LP
EPIC Y-Grade, LP ("EPIC Y-Grade") was formed in 2017 to build and operate the EPIC Y-Grade Pipeline, a 700-mile, 24" natural gas liquids pipeline linking NGL reserves in the Permian and Eagle Ford to Gulf Coast refiners, petrochemical companies and export markets. EPIC Y-Grade Pipeline currently 180,000 barrels per day of nameplate fractionation capacity located at its terminus in Robstown, Texas. EPIC Y-Grade is backed by capital commitments from funds managed by the Private Equity Group of Ares Management Corporation (NYSE: ARES) as well as additional equity ownership by Noble Midstream Partners, L.P. (NASDAQ: NBLX) and Salt Creek Midstream, L.L.C. For more information, visit www.epicmid.com.
Photo courtesy of EPIC.
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Fresnocentric
Munro Review/CMAC
Notes & Nods
Thanks, Lively Arts, for a wonderful 'Best of the West'
By Donald Munro
What did I feel at the end of Sunday's "Best of the Bay," a wonderful showcase of professional dance?
Gratitude.
Related story: She dreamed of dancing with the best. Now she's in 'Best of the West' to inspire others
Yes, I'm very much aware that's a homespun, mouth-agape-at-what-they-do-in-the-big-city reaction to an evening of high-caliber dance on my part. But we'll save the sophisticated critical tone for another time.
The fact remains that I am deeply appreciative to the Lively Arts Foundation and its veteran artistic director, Diane Mosier, for all the work that went into bringing six (count 'em! six!) to the Saroyan Theatre. Imagine the logistics: all those phone calls, emails, details, negotiations. It's a major undertaking just to bring in one professional company from out of the area. To coordinate half a dozen all for one performance must have been a mind-slam.
Mosier told me beforehand that the evening would have a little something for everyone, and she was right. From the stately shuffle of the bride and groom Day of the Dead characters in Oakland Ballet's "Luna Mexicana" to the vigorous physicality and red-and-black blur of machismo in the Pacific Ballet Dance Theatre's "Gayane," the evening was a wonderful mix of contemporary and classical ballet.
Among the highlights was getting to watch an all-grown-up Carolyn Lippert (now with American Ballet Theatre in New York) take the stage as the lead ballerina after dancing there many times as a child. Another Fresno ballet product was Erin Yarbrough-Powell, who with Robert Kretz danced a graceful "Moonlight Serenade" with Smuin Contemporary Ballet.
The selections from "Gayane," combining traditional Armenian folklore and classical ballet involved legs fluttering so quickly they became a blur. And I think my favorite of the evening was Menlowe Ballet's colorful and striking "Kimono Wednesday, inspired by Claude Monet's painting "La Japonais." Indeed, it was like a painting come to life.
The only less-than-stellar thing about the performance was the smallish size of the audience. Fresno's cultural clan needs to figure out a way to better support Lively Arts and its stellar offerings. I can't wait for the Ailey II dance company to return Feb. 24. Mark it now on your calendar.
best of the west, carolyn lippert, dancecat, diane mosier, gayane, lively arts foundation, luna mexicana, menlowe ballet, oakland ballet, pacific ballet dance theatre, smuin contemporary ballet
Donald Munro
Covering the arts online in the central San Joaquin Valley and beyond. Lover of theater, classical music, visual arts, the literary arts and all creative endeavors. Former Fresno Bee arts critic and columnist. Graduate of Columbia University and Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. Excited to be exploring the new world of arts journalism.
donaldfresnoarts@gmail.com
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Sunday pick: Chamber music with Moment Musical
Opening weekend at 2nd Space: 'Sherlock Holmes: The Final Adventure'
Last chance to catch Fresno Central library's 'Evicted'
5 Things to Admire About Children's Musical Theaterworks' 'Disney's Frozen Jr.'
Keep local arts journalism alive by becoming a member of The Munro Review. Your tax-deductible monthly memberships, sponsorships and donations help sustain professional coverage of the central San Joaquin Valley arts scene. Go to the membership page for more information on arts journalist Donald Munro, his partnership with CMAC (Community Media Access Collaborative) and details on how to support this site.
Subscribe to The Munro Review newsletter
Actor spotlight: For the star of Selma's 'Zombie Prom,' a little radiation can't get in the way of love
It's double duty for Hotoda when she conducts Fresno Philharmonic from the piano
Review: Once 'Finding Neverland' gets its wings in 2nd act, this musical can fly
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The Culture Files
Munro Review on CMAC
THE MUNRO REVIEW: Connecting, sharing and valuing the arts in the central San Joaquin Valley


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George Harrison's Handwritten Lyrics For 'While My Guitar Gently Weeps' To Be Auctioned
The classic Beatles song also famously features a guitar solo from Eric Clapton.
How The Beatles Wiped The Slate Clean With "The White Album"
Fifty years after its release, The White Album remains a groundbreaking record, lauded my many Beatles fans – though dividing the opinions of some.
'Long, Long, Long': The Story Behind The Song
Written towards the end of the "White Album" sessions, 'Long, Long, Long' was one of George Harrison's most notable spiritual songs.
'Glass Onion': The Story Behind The Song
Playing with fans who sought to decipher hidden meanings in their songs, The Beatles laced 'Glass Onion' with references to their earlier songs.
'Helter Skelter': The Story Behind The Song
Arguably The Beatles' most visceral moment on record, 'Helter Skelter' grew from a bluesy jam into what's been cited as the world's first heavy metal song.
'While My Guitar Gently Weeps': The Story Behind The Beatles' Song
Starting life as a tender acoustic song, 'While My Guitar Gently Weeps' became an epic rock track, and one of George Harrison's finest Beatles moments.
'Dear Prudence': The Story Behind The Beatles' Song
Written in Rishikesh, 'Dear Prudence' has transcended its original inspiration to become one of The Beatles' best-loved songs.
'Back In The USSR': The Story Behind The Beatles' Song
A classic back-to-basics rocker, 'Back In The USSR' incorporated Beach Boys harmonies and Chuck Berry riffs to become a scorching piece of rock'n'roll.
'Yer Blues': The Story Behind The Song
As dark and heavy as any song in The Beatles' canon, 'Yer Blues' demanded an intensity to match – and found it in a cramped Abbey Road storage room.
'Mother Nature's Son': The Story Behind The Beatles' Song
Inspired by one of the Maharishi's lectures, 'Mother Nature's Son' found Paul McCartney writing "a heartfelt song about my child-of-nature leanings".
'Revolution': The Story Behind The Beatles' Song
The Beatles recorded three versions of 'Revolution', from an all-out rocker to an abstract collage, capturing the chaos and unrest of the summer of 1968.
'Everybody's Got Something To Hide Except Me And My Monkey': The Story Behind The Song
Capturing The Beatles as a visceral rock band, 'Everybody's Got Something To Hide Except Me And My Monkey' is one of their most spirited performances of 1968.
'Blackbird': The Story Behind The Song
One of the first songs recorded for "The White Album", 'Blackbird' found Paul McCartney responding to the civil-rights movement of the 60s.
Dutch Masters The Analogues Bring The Beatles' 'White Album' To Life
The mission statement of the highly skilled musicians is to perform the albums that The Beatles never did, exactly as they were made and with the same vintage instruments, but live on...
News1 year ago
Ringo Starr On The 'White Album' Remaster, His New Book And The All Starr Band
"There's a lot of stuff that nobody's ever heard and George's house sessions. But the actual remastering is much clearer, and the drums are a little higher, so I love it."
More The White Album


Assorted sound and audio projects.
My primary body of work explores the nature of emergence—depicting the way being materializes from non-being. Drawing from philosophy, the sciences, and various systems in visual art, I analyze the point at which something takes form, often using the semiotics of anthropology, archaeology and Taoism to relate concept to image. This is usually accomplished by arranging carefully chosen visual components in layers. The layers themselves become a conversation about substance, where things connect, and how the are all rooted in the same originating space.
Approaching this sound project, I considered the way audio data can be layered like the visual components I was more familiar with. Barry Traux's essay "The Listener" discusses the nature of familiarity, ambience, and the connection to self. He says of experiencing sound, "What the listener / soundmaker hears is a simultaneous image of self and environment" (2). The condition of sharing and receiving, self and environment, reality and imagined reality blurring intrigued me and I decided to dissect this idea within the scope of my own work.
I gathered sound data from a variety of everyday environments, at once related to me personally and again related to all who enter it (literally) and again related to all who can listen, recognize familiarity in difference. I recorded the ventilation system in the printmaking studio after doing a careful soundwalk, finding that the system of ticks, hums, and rumbles were so engrained in me that I could hear the playback in another place in the city and be instantly within the whirring ambience tied to my workspace, with all of its associated moments of joy and frustration. I spiraled further and gathered ambient voices, overheard conversations, and snippets from within a radius of the studio, all sounds familiar to me and directly familiar to regulars, but also distinctly familiar in a non-specific way to others who may have never set foot in the space. We all know what it means to overhear a slightly muffled circle of voices, to hear machinery chugging away, and to hear footsteps, clicks, rumbles, and the chorus of mechanized society.
The resulting piece is a soundscape rooted in the everyday, the commonplace--an exploration of the drone. By combining a lush, thick ambient sound forms considered "background noise" by many, I establish a completely new environment which emerges from the silence of the data file. Though the sounds may seem recognizable or accurate together, they are patched, layered, modified, twisted, changed, and otherwise painted like ink on paper from different sources. Occasionally, a music clip fades in and out, distorted as the listener passes through virtual doorways, or removes virtual headphones. Feet plod through snow (out of place in the industrial soundscape, yet a familiar, identifiable motion) and many parts of the ventilation system are pulled out and echoed through other forms not from the original ventilation recording. Dripping water and a ticking 8mm film reel reference the strange metallic pings of vent shaft distortion.
Like the emergent archaeological forms I use in my printmaking and painting techniques, combined sounds rise to take temporary "shells," then fall back away into nothing.
Overall, the soundscape is designed to rise and fall, a larger map of the sound wavelength itself. This particular arrangement of sounds only exists in this form, this created moment. There is no way to hear such an array of noise by stumbling into an ordinary environment. Since the sound-images are arranged in a non-narrative, non-linear format, they allow the listener to identify mountain peaks and low valleys; sound undulations.
New structures emerges from the ambience to peak and fall back, creating a mass of cascading moments that ebb and flow.
Traux, Barry. "The Listener." Acoustic Communication, 1984.
Miller, Andrew. Rainy front porch, 2006. Freesound.org (Sampling+ License).
NemoDaedalus. 8mm Projector, 2008. Freesound.org (Attribution License).
Nesmith, Michael and Craig Vincent Smith. "Salesman," 1966-1967. Originally under Colgems label, now Rhino.
Zoom H4. Footsteps in snow, 2010. Freesound.org (Creative Commons License).
All other layered tracks recorded by Ren Adams, 2012. Voices used with permission (Ken Murakami, Brooke Steiger, Marisa Sandoval). Tracks include ambient noise gathered from various urban environments, including the interior of a print studio, exterior street noise, ambient ventilation and machinery, and other layers of wind and noise.


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It could be the location of a fairytale or an old South Tyrolean legend: At the top of the Valsertal, where we think it'll be nothing left, there is the mountain village of Malga Fane. The ancient farmsteads lay like enchanted at the bottom of the Fundres mountains. Around the church several cottages and taverns are grouped. It's not such a big settlement that has survived the centuries here: These are small houses with a great history.
It was in the Middle Ages, during the plague, as the people searched for a safe place to stay in the upper valley, far away from the busy streets. While the plague raged, they found high up in Valsertal refuge and a permanent home. Gradually, the current alpine village of Malga Fane, one of the most beautiful in South Tyrol and a popular destination throughout the year, arose.
Once the plague was over, the people returned to their old farms and settlements but the mountain village of Malga Fane persisted. The remote valley made sure that nothing changed of the original buildings.
The first way up is the forest road, which starts from the parking area at the end of the valley. After about an hour you overcome the 340 meters of difference in altitude and you are rewarded with a great sight of Malga Fane.
The milk trail would be the second variant of the ascent to Malga Fane. It also starts from the last parking area in the valley and brings the hikers after about 1 hour of relaxed walking up to the goal.
Something more substantial is the walk to Malga Fane along the Valles high trail. For this, you should definitely wear good shoes and be sure-footed and not scared of heights. First you take the cable car to the mountain station Jochtal. From here you begin the almost 2 hour hike, where you can enjoy a wonderful view.
At Malga Fane you can comfortably have a rest, while your soul can migrate in the past. From the fairytale village you can comfortably walk further, to the Wild Kreuzspitze or the Bressanone hut.
The mountain village of Malga Fane ganed a known reputation as staring point of the tour ski race Wurmmaul-circumnavigation and of rendered toboggan rides. Here the Fane festival is celebrated once a year, as well as the milk festival, the milk trail leads up to the hidden village with all sorts of interesting facts about the white trunk.


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HINDLEY, JOSEPH England, d.1774, MIM OIM PHIM son of Henry Hindley; apprenticed to his father; took over the shop from 1771-74. York. Taylor 2(186); Setchell 1 and 2.
son of Henry Hindley; apprenticed to his father; took over the shop from 1771-74.
Taylor 2(186); Setchell 1 and 2.