text:
ISPUB.com / IJORL/17/1/25808
The Internet Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Pattern Of Otological Diseases In School-Going Children Of The Sunsari District Of Eastern Nepal
S K Thakur, S K Singh, B Mahato, A Singh, D Mahato
children, ear diseases, nepal, otitis media
S K Thakur, S K Singh, B Mahato, A Singh, D Mahato. Pattern Of Otological Diseases In School-Going Children Of The Sunsari District Of Eastern Nepal. The Internet Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. 2015 Volume 17 Number 1.
DOI: 10.5580/IJORL.25808
Objective: This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of otitis media and pattern of otological diseases in school-going children of the Sunsari district of Eastern Nepal.
Materials and methods: This is a prospective, cross sectional, clinical study in 2152 children of up to 15 years of age viting 21 schools of the Sunsari district of eastern Nepal from September 1st to September 22nd 2014. Informed consent was obtained.
Results: Ear wax 541 (25.14%) and chronic suppurative otitis media 70 (3.26%) were the commonest diseases found. Otitis media with effusion (OME) 24 (1.11%), acute otitis media (AOM) 18 (0.84%), otomycosis 50 (2.32%), otitis externa 13 (0.6%), perichondritis 2 (0.09%), sensorineral hearing loss (SNHL) 4 (0.19%) and Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) 9 (0.42%) were other diseases found.
Conclusions: Otological diseases are important health problems among school-going children of the Sunsari district of eastern Nepal. Health education, improvement of socioeconomic status and health care facilities will be helpful in reducing the prevalence of otological diseases.
Prevalence of ENT diseases is high among pediatric age group which accounts for about 1/3rd of patients attending the ENT outpatient department (OPD) whereas almost 1/5th of cases attending pediatric OPD suffer from ENT related infections.1 Preventable ear diseases have been found to be important health problem among children.2 Although most of these illness are self limiting, inappropriate management combined with poor socioeconomic environment in developing countries lead to various complications. The major proportion of childhood hearing impairment in developing countries is secondary to preventable or modifiable causes. At the same time, even mild degrees of hearing impairment can affect proper learning in noisy class rooms where speech is produced at a distance.3 This in turn can have significant impact on the scholastic performance and overall development.
Hence it is important to estimate the magnitude and distribution of otological problems that lead to hearing impairment in school age children for proper planning and implementation of health care measures and for enabling them a better future.
Children are economically dependent on their parents who are mostly poor. This tends to delay early presentation to the hospital. In spite of potent antibiotics available, severe life threatening complications of ear diseases occur.
Disease of ear can be diagnosed usually by taking proper history and otoscopy. Asking leading questions about disorders of sensory systems is helpful in diagnosis.4 Adequate examination of the entire child with special attention to the head and neck, can lead to identification of a condition that may predispose to or be associated with ear diseases.5
In Nepal, approximately 16% of the population above the age of 5 years suffers from otitis media. More than 55% of these cases occur in school-going children, most of them belonging to the lower socioeconomic class.6 A study by B P Koirala institute of health sciences in the Sunsari district showed the prevalence of otitis media to be 10.3%.7. Maharjan et al reported a 13.2% prevalence of otitis media in the Morang district of Eastern Nepal in 2006.8 Prevalence of otitis media was found to be 12.13% in school-age Bhutanese refugees in Eastern Nepal.9
In point of view of a high prevalence, this study was carried out to find out the prevalence of otitis media and pattern of otological diseases in school-going children of the Sunsari district of eastern Nepal.
This is a prospective, cross sectional study in 2152 children of school-going age up to 15 years age visiting 21 schools of the Sunsari district of eastern Nepal from September 1st to 22nd 2014. All the students who attended the school during the study period were subjected to clinical examination and otoscopy after proper history regarding ear diseases. Informed consent was obtained from the parents. Statistical analysis was done using frequency and percentage.
Out of 2152 children, 52.75% were male and 47.25% female. The most common otological diseases were wax (25.14%) followed by chronic suppurative otitis media (3.26%). Otitis media with effusion (1.11%) and acute otitis media (0.84%) were other ear problems found (Table 1). Of all the children suffering from chronic suppurative otitis media, 94.29% were of the mucosal type. Various otological diseases were present in 33.97% of the children. Overall, otitis media was present in 112 (5.2%) children. 15.32% children were suffering from otitis media among the children with otological diseases.
Pattern of otological diseases in children
Ear diseases in children are a major public health problem in developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that, in developing countries, children should be screened at school entry using a simple audiometer and that the external ear be inspected for the presence of discharge, to study the extent of the problem in the community.10
This study indicates that ear diseases in school-going children of the Sunsari district is a considerable burden. Wax is the most common problem in our study amounting to 25.14%. In the majority of cases it is asymptomatic and receives no attention to treatment. Adhikari et al reported a high (60.6%) prevalence of ear wax in their study in school-going children in Kathmandu valley.11 In a study done in northern India, the prevalence of impacted wax was 7.93% in school-going children aged 5-12 years.12 Hatcher et al, Mann et al , Elango et al and Minza e al reported a prevalence of impacted wax ranging from 8.6% to 28.2%. 13-16 Impacted wax is mostly a silent condition but possibly has an influence on hearing capacity. Sharma et al and Jacob et al reported ear wax as the most common cause of hearing impairment, accounting for 50 and 29.8% of cases, respectively.17, 18
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is a major health problem throughout the world in developing countries including Nepal.19 It is the most common cause of persistent mild to moderate hearing impairment in children and young adults. High rates of CSOM have been attributed to overcrowding, nasopharyngeal colonisation with potentially pathogenic bacteria, and inadequate or unavailable health care.20 Poverty is a major risk factor in developing countries and certain neglected populations.21
3.25% of children in our study suffered from CSOM. Adhikari et al reported a 5.7% prevalence of CSOM in school-going children in Kathmandu valley.11 In another study by Adhikari, a 7.6 % prevalence of CSOM was reported. 22 4.79% suffered from chronic otitis media in a study by Chadha et al.12 Rupa et al and Olege et al reported a prevalence of CSOM to be 6%.23,24. However, a low prevalence of CSOM (0.16%) was reported by Ebenezer et al.25. Similarly, 1.74% prevalence of chronic otitis media was reported by Chayarpham et al in Hat Yai, Thailand.26 A higher prevalence of 12.4% and 15% was reported by Biswas et al and Morris et al.27,28
Chronic suppurative otitis media is more commonly found in children of government school and rural areas.19, 29, 30
94.28% of the children in our study had CSOM of mucosal type. 85.9% of the children CSOM was of mucosal type in the study by Adhikari et al .11 In another study, a 96.5% mucosal type of CSOM was reported.19
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is the commonest cause of hearing impairment and one of the most frequent reasons for elective admission to hospital for surgery during childhood. OME frequently persists for a short time following episodes of acute otitis media, although 90% of such effusions have resolved within 3 months.31
Our study showed 1.11% prevalence of OME. Adhikari in a study in 2008 reported 3.7% prevalence of OME. They used tympanometry in addition to clinical examination.11
A high point prevalence of OME (12.9%) was reported in a study by Mark et al in 2013 in 9 to 13 year old children in Nepal.32
A study done in 2006 by Yadav S et al in a school health survey reported overall prevalence of secretory otitis media of 20.75%. It was higher in the lower socioeconomic group.33
Chadha et al reported a 3.06% prevalence of OME.12 However, a low prevalence of 0.08% was reported by Ebenezer et al.25
A study done in Nigeria revealed that 5.3% of children had OME.34 Chayarpham et al reported a prevalence of 1.14% of OME in school children in Thailand.26
Acute otitis media or acute suppurative otitis media (AOM/ASOM) is an episode of inflammation of the middle ear associated with pain, fever, hearing loss, and sometimes discharge. 65 to 95% of children will have suffered one or more attacks before the age of 7.35
Our study found a 0.84% prevalence of AOM. Adhikari in 2008 reported AOM 1.4%.11 Chadha et al reported a 0.65% prevalence of acute otitis media in Northern India.12 Ebenezer et al in South Kerala found a 0.16% prevalence of acute otitis media.25 Similarly, Chayarpham found a 0.69% prevalence of AOM in Thailand.26
Eustachian tube dysfunction was found in 0.42% of children in our study. Ebenezer et al found Eustachian tube dysfunction in 2.8% children in South Kerala.25
Otomycosis, otitis externa, perichondritis, sensorineural hearing loss were other disorders found in our study.
Overall 33.97% of the children were suffering from various kinds of otological problems. Ebenezer et al reported overall prevalence of otological diseases of the magnitude of 44.54%.25 Although this may not be the true prevalence of ear diseases in school age children of up to 15 years it reflects an estimate of the magnitude of the problem to be addressed. It may still be higher, because children with ear diseases and thus hearing impairment may be attending school less likely compared to healthy children.
Overall otitis media was found in 112 (5.4%) of the children in this study. Maharjan et al reported a 13.2% prevalence of otitis media in the Morang district of Eastern Nepal in 2006.8 Otitis media was diagnosed in 17.6% of the 6-10 year old children in a study by Jacob et al. 53.4% of those with middle ear disease had hearing impairment.18
However, a 3.25% prevalence of otitis media was found in a study by Chayarpham et al. 26
Otological diseases are important health problems among school-going children of the Sunsari district of Eastern Nepal. Wax followed by chronic suppurative otitis media, otitis media with effusion and acute suppurative otitis media were the common ear problems found. Health education, improvement of socioeconomic status and health care facilities will be helpful in reducing the prevalence of otological diseases.
1. Gupte S. The short textbook of Pediatrics, 11th Ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.; 2008:p680.
2. Rao RS, Subramanyam MA, Nair MS, Rajashekar B. Hearing impairment and ear diseases among children of school entry age in rural south India. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2002, 64:105-10.
3. Blumsack J, Anderson K. Back to school! 13 facts revisited. Hearing Review, 2004; 11 (10): 14-6, 62-3.
4. Akinpelu OV, Amusa YB. Otological diseases in Nigerian children. The Internet Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. 2007, 7:1.
5. Bluestone CD, Klein JO. Methods of examination: clinical examination. In: pediatric otolaryngology.2nd edn. Philadelphia; 1990, 111-4.
6. Shrestha R, Baral K, Neil W: community ear care delivery by community ear assistants and volunteers: A pilot study. J Laryngol Otol. 2001;115:869-873.
7. Upadhyay MP. Sunsari health examination survey, B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. 1996.
8. Maharjan M, Bhandari S ,Singh I ,Mishra SC. Prevalence of otitis media in school-going children in eastern Nepal. Kathmandu University Medical Journal. 2006, 16:479-82.
9. Mishra SC, Shah PK, Kandpal N: Hearing retardation amongst school age Bhutanese refugees. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology, 2002;8(1):5-8.
10. Gell FM, White E, McNewell K, Mackenzie I, Smith A, Thompson S et al. Practical screening priorities for hearing impairment among children in developing countries. Bull. World Health Organ. 1992, 70:645-55.
11. Adhikari P, Kharel B, Ma J, Baral D, Pandey T et al. Pattern of Otological Diseases in school-going children of Katmandu Valley. International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology. 2008,12 (04): 502-5.
12. Chadha S, Saval A, Malhotra V, Agarwal A. Prevalence of preventable ear disorders in over 15000 schoolchildren in Northern India. The journal of Laryngology and Otology. 12/2012; DOI: 10.1017/S0022215112002691 pubmed.
13.Hatcher J, Smith A, Mackenzie I, Thompson S, Bal I, Macharia I et al. A prevalence study of ear problems in school children in Kiambu district, Kenya, May 1992. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1995, 33:197-205.
14.Mann S.B.S., Bhardwaj A, Gudi SP, Mehra YN, Incidence of speech, hearing and ENT problems in school-going children, Hearing Aid Journal. 1985, 2:39-42.
15.Elango S, Purohit GN, Hashim M and Hilmi R. Hearing loss and ear disorders in Malaysian school children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1991. 22:75-80.
16.Minja BM and Machemba A. Prevalence of otitis media, hearing impairment and cerumen impaction among schoolchildren in rural and urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1996, 37:29-34.
17. Sharma H, Bhusan V, Dayal D and Mishra SC. Preliminary study of hearing handicap in school-going children. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. 1992, 30:119-24.
18.Jacob A, Rupa V, Job A and Joseph A. Hearing impairment and otitis media in a rural primary school in South India. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1997, 39:133-8.
19. Adhikari P. Chronic suppurative otitis media in school children of Kathmandu valley. International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology. 2007, 11:175-8.
20. Biswas AC, Joarder A H, Siddiquee BH. Prevalence of CSOM among rural school-going children. Mymensingh Medical Journal. 2005, 14:152-5.
21. Prevention of Hearing impairment from chronic otitis media, WHO/CIBA foundation workshop report. London. 1996, 19-21
22. Adhikari P. Prevalence of Chronic suppurative otitis media in Nepalese chidren: Experiences of free health camps. The Internet Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. 2008 volume 10 Number 2.
23. Rupa V, Jacob A, Joseph A .Chronic suppurative otitis media: Prevalence and practices among rural south Indian children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinol. 1999, 48:217-21.
24.Ologe FE, Nwawol CC. Prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) among children in a rural community in Nigeria. Nigeria Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2002, 9:63-6.
25. Ebenezer R, Sajilal M, Philip J, Jose D. Spectrum of ENT diseases among urban school children in South Kerala, India. International Journal of Biomedical research. 2014.05 (05). DOI: 10.7439/ijbr. ISSN: 0976-9633.
26. Chayarpham S, Stuart J, Chongsuvivatwong V, Chinpairoj S, Lim A. A study of the prevalence of and risk factors for ear diseases and hearing loss in primary school children in Hat Yai, Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 1996 Jul;79(7);468-72.
28. Morris PS, Leach AJ, Silberberg P et al. Otitis media in young Aboriginal children from remote communities in Nouthern and central Australia; a cross sectional survey. BMC Pediatr. 2005, 5:27.
29. Shaheen M, Nahar S. Comparison of chronic suppurative otitis media in rural and urban primary school children in Bangladesh. The journal of Laryngology and Otology 06/2014; DOI: 10.1017/S0022215114001054. Pubmed.
30. Waqar-uddin, Hussain A, Khan A, Ahmad F, Samiullah. Prevalence and comparison of chronic suppurative otitis media in government and private schools. Annales of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences,2009;5(3):141-144.
31. D Teele, J Klein Rosner B. Epidemiology of otitis media in children. Annals Otorhinolaryngol (Suppl). 1980, 89:5-6.
32.Mark A, Matharu V, Dowswell G, Smith M. The point prevalence of otitis media with effusion in secondary school children in Pokhara, Nepal: A cross sectional study. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. Vol 77 issue 9, pages 1523-1529, september 2013.
33. Yadav S, Saxena S, Sharma H, Singh I, Singh J. Secretory otitis media: A schol health survey. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. Vol 58. No 3. July- sep 2006.
34. Akinpelu OV, Amusa YB. Otological diseases in Nigerian children. The Internet Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. 2007, 7:1.
35. Claessen JQPJ, Appelman CLM, Toluw-otten FWM, de Meeker RA, Hordijik GJ. A review of clinical trials regarding treatment of acutt otitis media. Clin Otolaryngol. 1992, 17:251-7.
Sanjeev Kumar Thakur
Ear Consultant, Biratnagar Eye Hospital
sanjeev055@yahoo.com
Sanjay Kumar Singh
Consultant Ophthalmologist, Hospital Director, Biratnagar Eye Hospital
sanjay.singh@erec-p.org
Bindeshwar Mahato
Hospital Manager, Biratnagar Eye Hospital
Bindeshwar.mahato@erec-p.org
Eye and Ear Assistant, Biratnagar Eye Hospital
anand.singh@erec-p.org
Dipendra Mahato
dipendra.mahato@erec-p.org
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text:
Driverless 'Roborace' car makes street track debut
Android app downloaded millions of times from Google Play Store has serious security flaws
Ransomware hack cripples United Health Services hospitals, facilities across the US
The autonomous "DevBot #1" took a giant leap forward in Morocco recently, making its debut on a street track at the Formula E Marrakech ePrix. The battery-powered prototype is being tested for Roborace — a proposed race series where driverless cars will compete on temporary city circuits. "It's the first time we've run the Devbot in driverless mode on a Formula E track in the middle of a city street," Roborace's Justin Cooke told CNN. "It's so exciting for the team who put hours and hours of work in. These guys were up to 1-2 a.m. in the morning developing a technology that no one else in the world is able to do at this speed and in these complicated environments."Read: Electric race car showcases driverless futureUsing a variety of sensors — including GPS, radar and ultrasonics — allied to sophisticated computer programs, the car learns how to navigate a track at speed avoiding all obstacles. "What we are doing is at the forefront of technology right now," says Cooke, who is also CMO of Kinetik — an investment company founded by Russian businessman Denis Sverdlov which is providing financial backing for the project."There are two or three kinds of space races, if you will — some people are going to Mars, we're developing robotic cars and I think it's probably one of the most, if not the most exciting space in the world right now." After the successful 30-minute test in Marrakech — this year's host city for the United Nations climate change conference (COP22) — Cooke say the company will next try racing two cars together on track with the eventual aim of having up to 10 cars competing at every Formula E ePrix weekend. "To be here at COP22 when we are celebrating an electric future, a driverless future — it's the perfect time for Roborace," Cooke enthuses. Visit cnn.com/motorsport for more Formula E news and features"More than anything we want people to be excited about the technology because it's going to change our lives, it's going to transform our cities."
Android users need to be aware of a serious security issue with a hugely popular Google Play Store app that's been...
A nationwide cyberattack has crippled operations at Universal Health Services, one of the nation's l..
Save the Children? Extremist conspiracy movement QAnon fabricates pedophile claims against Biden as election looms
President Donald Trump recently shared a tweet with his 86 million followers that accused his Democr..
Microsoft 365 suffers outage across the US
Microsoft 365 was down across the United States Monday evening, affecting users' access to multiple ..
Trump or Biden: Who won the first presidential debate? Social media picked a winner
Social media was abuzz with reactions to Tuesday night's political debate, and data suggests that Am..
Revealed: Winners of the 'Oscars of watches'
Turkish Hackers Take Over Twitter Account of Ex-Netanyahu Aide Dore Gold

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The P27D is a loop powered digital indicator, ATEX/IECEx approved to Ex d IIC T6 Gb (Gas) and Ex tb IIIC Db (Dust) for zone 1 use. It allows a process variable from any 4 to 20mA current source to be monitored. Since the unit derives its power from the loop, no additional power supply or wiring is needed. A low voltage drop (5 Volts at 20mA) means it can be incorporated into almost any 2 wire loop where local or remote indication is needed. The P27D has a 4 digit display which can be configured to read from -999 to 9999 with a 4 to 20mA input signal. The decimal point location and engineering units are adjusted using membrane switches and the indicator can be mounted directly to our thermocouple & RTD sensors or alternatively wall/pipe mounted using the mounting brackets shown below.
For local or remote indication of 4~20mA signal. Direct sensor or wall/pipe mounting options available.
Note - Because of the techinal nature of these products, please fill in details of your application, so that we may contact to discuss the most suitable fitting and options.


text:
Guy Wants to Deliver 100 Networked Pollution Monitors to Poor Countries
Jose Aguilar
Modified date: December 1, 2017
If you remember uRadMonitor – it's had a fair amount of success in its last campaign. Now, creator Radu Motisan wants to deliver 100 pollution detectors to poor countries worldwide, while you also get one.
When you install the right Air Quality measuring equipment fitted with sensors for sampling stations in selected locations, you get uRADMonitor's measuring network. Working for this is the IoT (Internet of Things), which provides the channel for these devices to transmit data from more than 40 countries to produce uniform and comparable environmental data. The analysis of such data helps us understand the levels of air pollution at a greater scale, and the entire uRADMonitor effort fights to solve pollution at a global level.
The IndieGoGo project has received great community support up till now, of which the first funded IndieGoGo campaign and the uRADMonitor adopters have helped create a global Air Quality monitoring network 800 units in size. Also, the commendable efforts of the visionary people involved in responsible corporations have helped bring forwards these great results.
The role of the uRADMonitor is to help compose a global picture of air pollution through the generation of reliable and timely data, therefore providing the first step in its resolution. Air Quality has a direct impact on the health and the environment, and I am personally committed to building something that matters, ergo the uRADMonitor.
The uRADMonitor A3
As the project unfolds new product development has been attained. The uRADMonitor A3 is probably the best such product so far, incorporating a greater number of high-quality sensors selected after intense research and testing. These showed impressive reliability during operation. Each A3 measures 8 air parameters with a significant effect on our health and the environment: temperature, pressure, humidity, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, carbon dioxide, particulate matter PM2.5 and ionizing radiation. See complete specs in the technical datasheet.
There are four different kinds of devices with the same number of connectivity options, which makes it easier for deployment and installation at homes, offices or cities. They all have the same sensors and for connectivity include Ethernet, WiFi, GSM, and LoRaWAN.
Mr. Motisan explained on the project's webpage, "..for this campaign I am offering the A3 with Ethernet and the A3 with Wifi, you can choose any".
uRADMonitor`s configured network was supported by Orange Romania and facilitated the deployment of nearly one hundred A3 units in five Romanian cities. The devices were installed in public transportation, in smart busses equipped with mobile Internet connectivity, which facilitates the mapping of air pollution sources in large city areas. This resulted in valuable air quality data, with an impact on more than 3 million people living there.
Hazards to human health and the environment
A3`s sensors were selected to monitor an extended list of hazardous pollutants measurable both indoors and outdoors, such as:
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) may be responsible for a variety of respiratory conditions, allergic and immunological effects on children. VOCs intervene in the formation of smog and can cause irritation of eyes, nose, and throats. In extreme circumstances, more severe complications can occur, such as damage to liver, kidney and central nervous system or cancer.
Particulate matter – PM2.5, which refers to small particles with a diameter up to 2.5 microns. They can reach deep into the lungs, causing allergies, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The A3 method of detection includes a high-quality laser scattering sensor. More details on health effects here.
Ionizing radiation (IR) can damage cells of living organisms resulting in multiple disorders with cancer as the most common. IR occurs naturally from cosmic rays and terrestrial sources, although it can originate from nuclear activities or x-ray devices.
Formaldehyde is a toxic colorless gas with a pungent smell, that results from the burning of carbon-based materials. It can be found in forest fires, in automobile exhaust and cigarette smoke. It is an allergenic and a known carcinogenic compound that can cause serious health effects, depending on concentration and exposure. Even in tiny quantities just it can irritate the eyes and nose and can worsen asthma symptoms.
Carbon dioxide is heavier than air. In small quantities of up to 5000ppm (0.5% ) it can cause headaches, lethargy, slowing of intellectual ability, irritability, sleep disturbance. In larger quantities can cause dizziness, loss of sight, hearing or knowledge.
Poverty, pollution and many health issues
As everything aiming to build a network seems to be working its way up, an issue appears: The network distribution is not uniform, with a predominant presence in more developed countries. In general, there are sustained efforts economically to limit impacts to human health; however, such efforts exclude traffic and industry. On the other hand, less developed areas are lacking proper regulations and pollution controls. So, as it can be expected the uRADMonitor network is almost nonexistent here due to reasons unrelated to awareness and will, but rather to costs.
Air contamination precipitated the death of half a million people in 2014, according to a report on air quality from the European Environment Agency in Copenhagen, Denmark: "Air pollution is the single largest environmental health risk in Europe," says the EEA.
Leading the stats as the cause of premature deaths is particulate matter under 2.5 microns or PM2.5, claiming an astonishing 428.000 victims across 41 European countries monitored during 2014. The main source, contributing 57 percent of PM2.5 emissions in 2015, was domestic wood burning, especially in eastern Europe.
Air pollution contributes to a number of ailments such as respiratory diseases, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and abnormal pregnancy and brain development in children.
Here's the Indiegogo page where you can do a good deed for poor people's air.
pollution detection
uradmonitor
uradmonitor a3
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Metro Ticket in Exchange for Plastic Bottles in Rome
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Adria Sorensen January 31, 2019 at 2:51 am
Oooh, you could also give them water filters so they can drink clean water : )
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(C) The Applicant has indicated Saturday 13 October 2018 as a contingency date.
(D) The Applicant must contact the Redfern PAC to discuss deployment of user pay police for the road closure.
(G) The Applicant must use RMS-Accredited Traffic Controllers to maintain access for pedestrians and cyclists crossing Central Park Avenue, just east of Chippendale Way.
Projectis Group Traffic Management has applied for the temporary road closure of Carlton Street, Chippendale, between Broadway and Central Park Avenue, on Saturday 6 October 2018, from 7am to 5pm.


most popular. So for those who found Mater particularly annoying, Cars 2 may not be the best film to see.
be more than satisfied with this one.
character is basically a car-version of James Bond.
Larry the Cable Guy as Mater is fun but some may find his deep Southern jumble of an accent a little grating.
falls short on charm compared to other recent animated films. And even though the film uses 3D technology, the 3D effects won't really blow you away with its sub-par visuals.
Paul Newman's character Doc Hudson from the first Cars was not included in the sequel as a mark of respect for the iconic actor, who passed away in 2008.


For the novice, individual species of dragonflies and damselflies are notoriously difficult to identify. Whether viewing dragonflies and damselflies through binoculars or in-hand examination, you need to familiarize yourself with some of those distinctive characteristics found on the head, thorax and abdomen of your insect. Key areas in making identification may include color, patterns and shapes.
Not sure what all the parts of an Odonate are named?
First, let's decide whether it is a dragonfly or damselfly. Not sure?
If you know for sure which it is, click either or for more information on what to look for. We don't provide a key, but will give you pointers on what types of things to look for and make notes of.


It's been a hectic week – in fact, this post is one day late…OOPS!
Right now? I'm kind of wishing I was there.
Well, don't you? An entire community where as a spankofile, you are the norm rather than the exception.
Can't wait! I could use a trip to Colorado. LOL.
Previous post Happy Birthday, LazyDay Publishing!


Since its launch in 2004, UC browser – a mobile internet brand owned by Alibaba – has grown to become the favorite browser among millions of mobile users in China, South-East Asia and India.
Despite the security leaks reported by independent lab tests on both its English and Chinese version, UC browser has reinvented itself over time to ensure security as you browse the internet while delivering performance, speed and amazing features.
You can use it on different platforms including Windows operating system, with the advantage of access to your favorite content in a short time what with its cloud acceleration and data compression.
If you are a UC browser user, and you are looking for extra security for your data and/or information, you can still get the best VPN for UC browser, which is more effective and practical in protecting your browsing activity and data from related threats.
Being a mobile browser, you will then need the best VPN for UC browser so it is advisable to check for features such as security and support for mobile.
If you want to avoid the hassle of downloading a separate VPN for your browser, you can simply install UR Browser.
This modern browser blocks third-parties, including Google, from collecting information about your online activity.
All you need to do is enable the UR VPN option from the browser's settings. Once you've done that, all the information passed from your computer to UR Browser's servers will be fully encrypted.
Moreover, privacy-focused search engine Qwant comes as the default search engine. If you don't like Qwant, you can switch to a search engine of your choice afterwards.
With UR Browser, websites can't track your online activity. As a result, they won't be able to generate userprofiles based on your activity and then sell them to other companies.
If you don't like ads, you can enable the built-in ad blocker.
As you can see, UR Browser offers multiple privacy and security options that allow you to take control over your onlinedata.
If you still want to use UC browser, then read on to learn what are the best VPN solutions for UC browser to download on your PC.
CyberGhost is the best VPN for UC browser as it not only delivers robust security, but also lets you bypass censorship restrictions, and you can unblock content on your favorite apps and websites in a protected environment.
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For more information about CyberGhost, you can also read our review.
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text:
Financial Express print this
Hewitt pulls out of Masters Cup in Shanghai
SYDNEY, Nov 8 (AFP): Australia's Lleyton Hewitt announced he was withdrawing from this weekend's Masters Cup in Shanghai as he awaits the impending birth of his first child.
The World No. 4's wife is expected to deliver the baby within two weeks and Hewitt said he wanted to be there.
"I am extremely disappointed as I have always enjoyed playing Tennis Masters Cup and had a great time in Shanghai in 2002, winning the event and maintaining my year-end world No.1 status," Hewitt said in a statement.
"With my baby due in the next two weeks, it is not possible for me to come.


text:
Hoya affinis, zimzelena trajnica iz roda voštanog cvijeta. Postojbina su joj Solomonski otoci. Vernakularno je među uzgajivačima poznata kao »crveni voštani cvijet«.

Izvori

Svileničevke
Flora Solomonskih otoka

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Milwaukee's Original Athletic Park, Part II (1892 – 1900)
By Dennis Pajot
Editor's Note: This is the second of a three part series detailing the early history surrounding Athletic Park at North 7th and West Chambers on Milwaukee's northside. The first part may be found here. Of course, later the second park at this location would be known as Borchert Field.
A new Western League was formed for 1892, and Milwaukee was part of it. At first Harry E. Gillette of the Brewers announced he was negotiating for grounds just west of North 13th Street between West Fowler (St. Paul) and West Clybourn. This land was owned by Henry Colclough, owner the Cream City Brick Company, and could be leased for 15 years. Gillette reported it would only be an eight minute walk from the Plankinton House [located at present day 2nd and Wisconsin Avenue], and the Evening Wisconsin further pointed out "West Siders will have no trouble in walking to the new grounds in ten, or at the most fifteen minutes, and it is a short ride by street car from any East Side place of business, while the new viaduct will put the South Side within easy reach." Tongue in cheek, the paper wrote "there is a coffin factory near at hand, so that there need be no unnecessary delay about the obsequies of the umpire." The report of this brickyard location was denied by both the baseball club and the brick company. In addition to the brick company having eleven years to run on its lease, there was estimated to be brick clay to a depth of 98 feet, enough to last the life of the company's lease. This brick clay was so valuable to build a ball park there "would be like making a solid silver foundation for our pavements instead of laying pine plank for the purpose." The club decided to again play at Athletic Park, no doubt feeling a park nearer to the business or residential part of town might have jeopardized the club's very profitable Sunday ball games.
Athletic Park Milwaukee Sentinel May 8, 1892
The grandstand seating at Athletic Park was enlarged by 1,000. A stairway also would be built directly from Chambers Street to the grandstand. New dressing rooms for visiting players were constructed. To add to the beauty of the park, groundskeeper Murphy—who would leave about one month into the season to go to Minneapolis—planted flowerbeds near each of the player's benches. Employees were to be dressed in "neat and tasty uniforms." One sad note was the big shade tree in left field, where Abner Dalrymple and other left fielders had hid from the sun, was scheduled to be cut down. The complaint mentioned above about vendors in the stands was addressed as the sale of beer was discontinued in the grandstand, and other vendors could not sell while an inning was in progress. Another move, 100 years or so before it again became fashionable, was the setting aside of two portions of the grandstand for ladies and their escorts in which smoking was not permitted. Perhaps hoping to cut down on rowdy behavior inside the park, baseball club secretary A.W. Friese offered passes to games to the pastors of the city. The Sentinel predicted:
"With the absence of the peanut boy's cry and the rule preventing riots on the field with the umpire as the central figure, together with other changes in view, the ball park will be almost unrecognizable next season."
Unfortunately, the new Western League was not very successful and the Milwaukee club disbanded in July. Harry Quin tried to make arrangements with Chicago's National League club to play at Athletic Park, offering $700 per club and 75 per cent of the gate, but nothing came of it. As usual, amateur teams played at the park when the Brewers were on the road, and more often after the club disbanded. In August, through mid-September, Athletic Park was shut down to baseball while it was set up for the great pyrotechnical exhibition of "The Last Days of Pompeii", presented by the London company of James Pain & Sons. The program included a mock-up city of Pompeii, with "massive buildings and quaint architecture," including a marble palace. "A mammoth lake 250 feet long by 75 feet wide" was also dug out inside the park.
"The awe-inspiring eruption of Vesuvius, sending forth its flood of molten lava, burying and burning the entire city, is a sight never to be forgotten…"
Yenowine's Illustrated News August 27, 1892
The evening ended with $1,000 in fireworks being set off. Not until after this event did baseball resume at Athletic Park, with a game between Milwaukee's real estate men and attorneys on September 24, the "dirt dealers" winning 8 to 7. After the baseball season football was played at the park by various teams, including Marquette College, Wisconsin State University, Milwaukee High School and St. John's Military Academy. In December the inside was turned into a skating rink, with "1,000 feet of good ice". A Grand Concert was given at the park on Christmas Day and the 26th, with 10-cent admission for adults and a nickel for children. In February a Grand Ice Carnival, with a concert and fireworks, was put on at Athletic Park.
A bicycling craze was hitting the country in 1893, and Milwaukee was no exception. In the spring Harry Quin began to build a ¼-mile cycle track inside Athletic Park, which was completed in May. The cinder track was greeted with general favor among the local wheelmen, although the track was a little rough and uneven, plus complaints were registered on the banking. In July an additional $5,000 was put into the cycling facilities, and in that same month the National Cycling Association made Athletic Park its official track. Professional races were held at the track in August. The first was not attended well and lost money. It was said the large number of amateur events in the area were just as interesting. The international races on August 21 drew a large crowd, but Milwaukeeans were upset when local cycling champion Walter Sanger—in addition to some other big names—did not appear as promised. The unhappy spectators were offered refunds from the promoters. A few days later Sanger stated he had told officials he would not ride at Athletic Park because he was "timid of riding on tracks with sharp turns" when not in good condition. Although baseball games were played at Athletic Park, cycling had become the main attraction there, so much that when Cincinnati and Cleveland of the National League agreed to play there on a date already secured by the North Side Cycle Club, they were told to forget it.
Baseball at Athletic Park was not quite dead, however. Amateur clubs played, including the University of Wisconsin. A City League was formed, playing games at Athletic Park until July when the park was refitted for a Turner festival. After this event the James Morgan Cream City Club won the City League championship, and the all-female Rose Royals of Washington lost to the J. M. Cream Citys in August, before a good sized crowd.
Milwaukee Sentinel August 13, 1893
Harry Quin arranged for the Boston National League champions to play an all-star team at the park in early October. Not quite dead, but on life support, as only 300 and 123 attended the two games at Athletic Park.
Other activities took place at Athletic Park in 1893, including a track and field event for Marquette College students in June. In October and November amateur football games were again played on the field. But by far the biggest non-baseball event of the year was the festival of the North American Turnerbund, held in Milwaukee from July 21 to July 25. The five-day gymnastic event was expected to bring 10,000 athletes to the city and about 25,000 visitors. The main campus for the festival was Athletic Park and the spacious grounds of the Shooting Park, a few blocks east, which were connected by an avenue 140 feet wide.
Turnerbund Campus Milwaukee Journal May 27, 1893
Shooting Park was reserved for concerts and other entertainment, while Athletic Park was used for the gymnastic performances. A space 260 feet wide and 420 feet long was set up for the gymnastic exhibitions. It was reported about 300 men could perform at one time in this arena. Around this arena ran a 25 feet wide walk for use as a public promenade. Three hundred electric lamps were put up, supported with wooden posts, encircling the arena. A 150 x 40 foot stage, flanked by two towers, was erected on the north end of the grounds. Inside these towers were a number of rooms used by committee members, while on the stage itself were seated judges, observers, and an orchestra. Numerous temporary buildings were also put up between the two parks. Although large crowds attended the festival, it ran a total deficit of about $8,000 for the promoters.
The Western League was revived again for the 1894 season. The Milwaukee Baseball Association agreed to a year lease of Athletic Park, with a two-year option. Gus Alberts, a local favorite who played with Milwaukee teams from 1889 to 1891, was placed in charge of the grounds and refreshment stands in April. W.D. Davis, who had been in charge of the Duluth Northwestern League entry until that league was abandoned, was placed in charge of the grandstand. Athletic Park was considered "probably the most complete in all its appointments" of the Western League parks, "its stand was easily superior to that in any other city," (the bicycle track skirting the field was the only cited drawback). One major defect was noted by the Sentinel at the end of the season:
"Because of the roughness of the outfield at Athletic Park, one of the best in the league, many a ball bounded away from a fielder and kept on going."
Admission to Brewer games this season was the traditional 25-cent general admission, with seats in the grandstand costing 50 cents. Boys under 15 were admitted to the park for 15 cents, and ladies accompanied by escorts were free, except on weekends. A comparison with other forms of entertainment in Milwaukee gives the modern reader an idea of 1894 entertainment prices. At the Exhibition Music Hall, "America's Greatest Place of Amusements", "a monster program of leading European and American novelties" was presented for 25 cents. The Milwaukee Musical Society performed Franz Liszt's cantata "Saint Elizabeth", featuring Miss Irene Pevny of the Munich Royal Court Opera, at the Academy of Music with a $3.00 admission fee for non-members—an extra "lady ticket" was $1.00 for members. The Arion Musical Club presented a song recital by Mr. Plunket Greene, from London, England, at the Academy of Music, with prices ranging from 50 cents to $1.50.
At the Stadt Theater the 20-year old Violinist Henri Mateau performed, seats costing 50 cents, 75 cents or $1.00--boxes were also on sale at the office for $7.50. A Sunday afternoon Grand Military Concert at Schlitz Park was a dime. A picnic, including instrumental and vocal concerts at National Park cost adults 10-cents, with children free. A dime would also get one into Wonderland to see Cleopatra, complete with 25 "handsome young ladies", staged by LeRoy & Clayton's Lyceum Specialty Company; or a mammoth bill headed by Professor Peat's Australian Monkey Circus. The Grand Trotting Meeting at State Fair Park cost 50 cents for a grandstand seat, but ladies and children were free. Dancing at Germania Hall was 25 cents. Fare for round trip excursions from Milwaukee to Chicago on the Whaleback Steamship "Christopher Columbus" was $1.00. A shorter trip to Sheboygan on the Steamer "Nyack" was 50 cents round trip. The Brewers entertainment value was diminished, however, as the team finished last in the 1894 Western League pennant race.
In addition to the usual amateur baseball games played during the 1894 season, and football games played in the fall, two major events attracted people to Athletic Park. On June 23 the Milwaukee Athletic Society held a field day event in which athletes from the Milwaukee, Madison and Chicago areas competed in track and field events, plus swimming events, which took place in the Milwaukee River. Then in August the park was the scene for two big fireworks displays, put on by Professor L.J. Witte of Chicago. Large crowds "witnessed the discharge of fifty-one devices of fireworks." The principal features of the performances were the "roaring Falls of Niagara", a Ferris wheel, an illuminated electric fountain, a moving elephant and a moveable clown. One added special feature was a 50 foot figure of Milwaukee's founder, Solomon Juneau, which went up in a "variegated fire." In the second show a Plankinton monument was featured.
Harry Quin was in on plans to put a second team—in a new American Association—in Milwaukee for 1895 and the Brewer management decided to build a park at North 16th and West Lloyd Streets. The new league never materialized, and professional baseball was not played again at Athletic Park until 1902. However, Athletic Park was used for amateur clubs and leagues in 1895 and 1896, and both a Commercial League and City League played games there. In July 1896 the Milwaukee Athletic Society announced it would use Athletic Park for all its track and field exercises. After the baseball season high school and college football were played on the field, Marquette College using Athletic Park as its home field. On January 1, 1897, a football game between the 1895 and 1896 East Side High School teams was played on the grounds, for a benefit to pay the debts incurred by the high school athletic society for events. The 1895 team won 14 to 0. By the 1897 baseball season only a few amateur games were being played at Athletic Park. The City League was playing at Milwaukee Park on Lloyd Street, the press now claiming only that park in Milwaukee was suitable for play.
In June 1897 the Light Horse Squadron of Milwaukee rented Athletic Park for 2 1/2 years, or 3 mounted seasons, with an option to purchase the park after this time. The old grandstand was torn down and new buildings constructed. A 35 x 156 foot stable, with accommodations for 54 horses, was built midway down the south side of the grounds.
In the southeast corner a 42 x 20 foot barracks was built, with "a comfortable lounging place" on the porch. This barracks contained an assembly room with 60 lockers for use by the troopers, a sleeping room, shower baths, and a mess room. On the southwest corner of the grounds stood a "cosy cottage" which was occupied by one of the sergeants and his family. Capt. W.J. Grant was the commander of this six acre camp housing Milwaukee's Troop A, First Cavalry. It was reported the cost of the property and maintenance of the camp—designated as Camp Grant—for its first fiscal year was to be over $12,000. However the baseball park was reported to be ready to be used in planned leagues discussed during 1899 and 1900 by owner Harry Quin, who bought out the last remaining partner in spring of 1900.
TO BE CONCLUDED IN PART THREE
Labels: 19th Century, Borchert Field, other sports
Milwaukee's Original Athletic Park, Part III (1901...
Happy Holidays from Borchert Field
Milwaukee's Original Athletic Park, Part II (1892 ...
"I Lived in Milwaukee, I Ought to Know..."


text:
Adeyinka Taiwo
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Pakistan owes its «all-weather friend» China at least $10 billion debt for the construction of the Gwadar port and other projects, the top US general has said, as he underlined Beijing's «predatory economics» to expand its global influence. The strategic Gwadar Port in Balochistan province on the Arabian Sea is being built by China under the multi-billion China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and is considered to be a link between Beijing's ambitious One Belt, One Road (OBOR) and Maritime Silk Road projects. «Let us look at just a few examples. Saddled with predatory Chinese loans, Sri Lanka granted China a 99-year lease and 70 per cent stake in its deep-water port,» General Joseph Dunford, Chairman of US Joint Chiefs of Staff, told a Senate Armed Services Committee on Thursday. The Maldives owes China roughly $1.5 billion in debt – about 30 per cent of its GDP – for construction costs, he said. «Pakistan owes China at least $10 billion in debt for the construction of Gwadar Port and other projects,» Dunford said. «China is diligently building an international network of coercion through predatory economics to expand its sphere of influence,» he said, adding that nations around the globe are discovering the hard way that China's economic «friendship» via OBOR can come at «a steep cost» when promises of investment go unfulfilled and international standards and safeguards are ignored. In Africa, Djibouti owes China over 80 per cent of its GDP and in 2017, the country became host to China's first overseas military base. In Latin America, Ecuador agreed to sell 80 to 90 per cent of its exportable crude oil to China through 2024 in exchange for $6.5 billion in Chinese loans, he said.


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Craig Street is a street in South East Glasgow with a small number of businesses.
Blantyre Miners Welfare Bowling Club is a social club offering a venue for various gatherings and social events in the local area.
Clydesdale Engineers Co Ltd is a firm of welders who offer a range of welding services.
Hair Connections is a unisex hair salon offering a variety of hair options for men and women.
Map showing Craig Street in Glasgow.


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Q: XML querying particular node from C# I have written a chunk of XML parsing which works successfully provided I use an absolute path.
I now need to take an XMLNode as an argument and run an xpath against this.
Does anyone know how to do this?
I tried using relative XPath queries without any success!!
Should it be this hard??

A: It would help to see examples of XPath expressions that don't work as you think they should. Here are some possible causes (mistakes I frequently make).
Assume an XML document such as:
<A>
  <B>
    <C d='e'/>
  </B>
  <C/>
  <D xmlns="http://foo"/>
</A>

*

*forgetting to remove the top-level slash ('/') representing the document:
document.XPathSelectElements("/A") // selects a single A node
document.XPathSelectElements("//B") // selects a single B node
document.XPathSelectElements("//C") // selects two C nodes
but
aNode.XPathSelectElements("/B") // selects nothing (this looks for a rootNode with name B)
aNode.XPathSelectElements("B") // selects a B node

bNode.XPathSelectElements("//C") // selects TWO C nodes - all descendants of the root node
bNode.select(".//C") // selects one C node - all descendants of B

*

*forgetting namespaces.
aNode.XPathSelectElements("D") // selects nothing (D is in a different namespace from A)
aNode.XPathSelectElements("[local-name()='D' and namespace-uri()='http://foo']")  // one D node
(This is often a problem when the root node carries a prefixless namespace - easy to miss)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
I Reincarnated as the Villain in an Eroge, But Before I Realized, I Became a Capture Target
Money makes the (Other) World Go Round: The Corporate Slave Dragged into the Saint Summoning
This is an Impossible Love
The Verdant Lands
Seduction☆Strategy
Picking Up the Exiled Prince
Short BL
The Forbidden Fruit
That's What You Call a Hardcore Gamer!
I Was Summoned to Be a Miko, but the Guy With Me was So High-Spec that They Didn't Need Me
Coffee Galette Chofu ~Pursued by Awkward Gods~
A Story of a Cannon Fodder who Firmly Believed He was the Protagonist, Misunderstood the Actual Protagonist as the Cannon Fodder, and Ended up Victorious
I Was a Man Before Reincarnating, So I Refuse a Reverse Harem
The Executed Sage Reincarnates as a Lich and Begins a War of Aggression
The Melancholy of the Demon Army Officer
The Gentle Death God Laughs Above the Cherry-Blossom Sky
The Affairs of the Other World Depend on the Corporate Slave
Trip! Akuma Sensei
Kiss the Black Cat
Life after a Broken Engagement
Please Wait Until Spring
Searching For You (BL)
Fake Saint of the Year
Mail Series
Slime Series (BL)
But You Said You'd Give me Delicious Candy!!
Sophia, How Foolish You Are.
It's not a Dog, That's a Dragon
Teasers and Dropped
The Commoner Omega and Emperor Alpha (BL)
My Best Friend Became A TS Girl
About my Classmates who Repeated High School Year 1 on Loop 12 Times Reaching Sage Mode
The Hero's Cute Childhood Friend, Doesn't Know of His Pitch-Black Nature
Kokkuri San 〜The Ultimate Confession Hurdle〜
Tensei Saki de Suterareta no de, Mofumofu Tachi to Oryouri Shimasu
When She Becomes a Witch
Violant of the Silver
I Decided to Not Compete and Quietly Create Dolls Instead
Ossan Idol
Child Rearing Journal of the Strongest Wiseman
Select a postFake Saint 1Fake Saint 2Fake Saint 3Fake Saint 4Fake Saint of the Year 5Fake Saint of the Year 6 (Part 1)Fake Saint of the Year 6 (Part 2)Fake Saint of the Year 7Fake Saint of the Year 8Fake Saint of the Year 9Fake Saint of the Year 10Fake Saint of the Year 11Fake Saint of the Year 12Fake Saint of the Year 13Fake Saint of the Year 14Fake Saint of the Year 15Fake Saint of the Year 16Fake Saint of the Year 17Fake Saint of the Year 18Fake Saint of the Year 19Fake Saint of the Year 20Fake Saint of the Year 21Fake Saint of the Year 22Fake Saint of the Year 23Fake Saint of the Year 24Fake Saint of the Year 25Fake Saint of the Year 26Fake Saint of the Year 27Fake Saint of the Year 28Fake Saint of the Year 29Fake Saint of the Year 30Fake Saint of the Year 31Fake Saint of the Year 32Fake Saint of the Year 33Fake Saint of the Year 34Fake Saint of the Year 35Fake Saint of the Year 36Fake Saint of the Year 37Fake Saint of the Year 38Fake Saint of the Year 39Fake Saint of the Year 40Fake Saint of the Year 41Fake Saint of the Year 42Fake Saint of the Year 43Fake Saint of the Year 44Fake Saint of the Year 45Fake Saint of the Year 46Fake Saint of the Year 47Fake Saint of the Year 48Fake Saint of the Year 49Fake Saint of the Year 50Fake Saint of the Year 51Fake Saint of the Year 52Fake Saint of the Year 53Fake Saint of the Year 54Fake Saint of the Year 55Fake Saint of the Year 56Fake Saint of the Year 57Fake Saint of the Year 58Fake Saint of the Year 59Fake Saint of the Year 60Fake Saint of the Year 61Fake Saint of the Year 62Fake Saint of the Year 63Fake Saint of the Year 64Fake Saint of the Year 65Fake Saint of the Year 66Fake Saint of the Year 67Fake Saint of the Year 68Fake Saint of the Year 69Fake Saint of the Year 70Fake Saint of the Year 71Fake Saint of the Year 72Fake Saint of the Year 73Fake Saint of the Year 74Fake Saint of the Year 75Fake Saint of the Year 76Fake Saint of the Year 77Fake Saint of the Year 78Fake Saint of the Year 79Fake Saint of the Year 80Fake Saint of the Year 81Fake Saint of the Year 82Fake Saint of the Year 83Fake Saint of the Year 84Fake Saint of the Year 85Fake Saint of the Year 86Fake Saint of the Year 87Fake Saint of the Year 88Fake Saint of the Year AF1Fake Saint of the Year AF2Fake Saint of the Year AF3Fake Saint of the Year AF4Fake Saint of the Year AF5Fake Saint of the Year AF6Fake Saint of the Year AF7Fake Saint of the Year AF8Fake Saint of the Year AF9Fake Saint of the Year AF10Fake Saint of the Year AF11Fake Saint of the Year AF12Fake Saint of the Year SS1AFake Saint of the Year SS1BFake Saint of the Year SS2AFake Saint of the Year SS2BFake Saint of the Year SS3AFake Saint of the Year SS3BFake Saint of the Year SS4AFake Saint of the Year SS4BFake Saint of the Year Illustrations
Translator: Tsukii
Editor: Geli
Read at Watashi wa Sugoi Desu!
Chapter 37: The Hesitation of Knights
A week had already passed since Elrise was put under house arrest.
Guard Knight Rex, who stood in front of her door as a watchman, was thinking.
Did we really do the right thing? …That was what he was thinking about every single day for the past week.
It wasn't just him.
Every single knight who participated in this situation spent their days repeatedly trying to convince themselves while wallowing in self-hatred.
Because they thought it was the right thing to do, they agreed with the plan headed by King Aiz.
The Saint who defeated the Witch would inevitably die… while they didn't know the reason for this, looking back at history, they came to understand that it was an unchangeable truth.
That's why they cooperated… and why they betrayed the Saint.
Even if their names were to be tarnished as traitors, if it could lead to a future where she didn't have to die… they kept trying to deceive themselves with such thoughts.
But at the same time, they also experienced opposing thoughts. Things like, they didn't tarnish themselves as traitors just to protect her… protecting the Saint as stated in their written pardons, but imprisoning her was done for their own sakes.
They didn't want her to die; they wanted her to keep on living, even if they had to become traitors for that… they prepared such beautiful excuses to fool themselves.
Rex kept thinking of such things.
From the moment she was imprisoned, Elrise never blamed Rex's group, not even once.
However, this made Rex's group suffer instead.
They would've preferred it if she had gotten angry at them for it. They prepared for such a reaction the moment they decided to become traitors.
However, they weren't prepared for her calm acceptance.
It was just, looking at Elrise's gloomy expression as she gazed outside the window hacked at the conscience of Rex's group.
They were aware that she sometimes prayed about something.
There was no doubt that it was prayer for innocent people.
Because she was unable to save them herself, all she could do was pray for them.
Even when she was locked up and unable to move, her heart still thought about the people.
Because of such actions, Rex felt their own choice in this might actually have been a very sinful thing to do.
"Rex. Did anyone suffer by the hand of the Witch and the demons today?"
"…No. The Witch remains the same as before, and has not even shown herself… The demons too, the soldiers and vigilantes are currently capable of dealing with any clashes themselves, so no damage has been reported."
"I see. That's good."
As she asked that question from behind her locked door, it showed how much she was thinking about the people she had been protecting.
She was always thinking about other people more than she thought about herself.
She truly was such a Saint.
Comparing himself to her made Rex feel like crying.
Betraying his own master, the Saint, enforcing peace as they liked and imprisoning her… which part of these deeds made him worthy of being called a knight…?
"Messenger here! There are intruders inside the castle!"
The messenger ran toward the floor where the perturbed Rex was stationed.
He wondered what happened; it seemed that some intruders had breached the castle.
He might have betrayed her, but he didn't completely abandon his duty of protecting the Saint.
The expressions of Rex and the other Guard Knight who watched the door turned grim.
"The intruders are thought to be students of the Magic Knight Training Institution! We speculate their objective is to free the Saint from here. They are quite capable and we are currently struggling!"
"Very well. I will go."
As he answered the messenger, Rex continued thinking.
It seemed that the intruders were not demons, but Academy students who sought to rescue Elrise from this castle.
They were very naïve. Naïve… but, they had the courage and drive to take action.
At very least, they are more knightly than me.
As he thought that, Rex glumly sighed at himself.
Vernell and Eterna were discovered almost immediately.
They didn't know how to infiltrate such a facility in the first place. Furthermore, even if they did know how to do such a thing, this place was so heavily guarded that even an expert assassin would have had a hard time entering without being noticed.
Currently, the Billberry Kingdom's royal family was residing in the Saint's Castle to monitor Elrise's movements.
On top of that, many knights and soldiers were present besides the top 10 Guard Knights, and they would never let their guard down. This was not only to protect the Saint and the King from enemies that might intrude, but also to prevent the Saint from escaping from this place.
Even if Vernell and Eterna had outstanding capabilities, they were still merely students of the academy, so there was no way they wouldn't be noticed in such a place.
The two of them ran around inside the castle as they were being chased by soldiers.
"Ah-, this sucks! You idiot! You didn't even think of a plan!"
Eterna's scolding echoed in the halls, but it was justified.
Vernell confidently went to the castle so she thought he had some sort of plan but, actually, he strode in there without any plan at all.
As they approached the Saint's Castle, he swung the great sword he got from Elrise toward the patrolling soldiers and attempted to break into the castle quite openly.
He's only thinking with his muscles. Since all he's done is self-training, it seems like his brain also turned into muscle.
Eterna began to seriously think this might actually be the case.
There was no way such a brazen action could've gone well, and soon the two of them were surrounded by soldiers.
"No good…!"
Vernell frantically searched for an opening between the soldiers.
The objective this time was merely to rescue Elrise.
It was not to fight against soldiers; killing them would be even more unacceptable.
But their opponents were soldiers who, while less skillful compared to knights, are still properly trained in combat. They were not small fry to be easily dismissed.
It wouldn't be easy to slip past them.
But suddenly, ice and fire magic materialized and blew the soldiers away.
The extreme temperature changes, suddenly shifting from high then low,broke the soldiers' equipment and everyone quickly moved their gazes toward the source of the attacks.
"We will handle things here! Go ahead!"
"Sorry… we're late…"
The people standing there were Aina and Mary, the contrasting duo.
These two had hesitated to go against the nations, as such Vernell was surprised to see them here.
"You guys… why!?"
"Obviously, I came to repay my debt to Saint-sama from before. I thought about it a lot… and I decided to ignore the question of what is right or wrong for now. However, I will repay my debt now! I will think about the other things later!"
"Me too… for now, I will only think about helping my friend…"
That was the answer that Aina and Mary had reached: to do what they thought was correct "now" and think about the consequences later.
Because her benefactor was currently being detained, she came to rescue her.
Because her friends tried to rescue their Saint, she came to help.
It was naïve and thoughtless… and you could say that they just stopped thinking about it properly; it was that kind of decision.
But if they were too fixed on thinking about the future consequences, they wouldn't be able to move. And they wouldn't be able to do anything when time to act comes.
That's why for their "first step", they decided to act based on what they believed was the right thing to do.
Aina invoked Fire magic and used it to form a tunnel of fire in front of Vernell.
Vernell and Eterna quickly rushed in and ran ahead.
As the two of them passed though, the path between the fire quickly closed and became a wall, obstructing the soldiers who were chasing them.
Aina and Mary may have allowed them to move forward, but they were forced to stop at the foot of the stairs.
Because there in front of them stood a person who was clearly on a different level from the soldiers they fought earlier.
"Oh, brave young citizens… if you withdraw now, I shall pretend this never happened."
The man near the stairs drew his sword as he said that.
Vernell observed his stance, which had no openings, and guessed he was likely a Knight.
No, he seemed very capable even among the Knight… yes, just like Leila.
"A Guard Knight, is it?"
Even amongst the Knights, they were the cream of the crop who were permitted to stay by the Saint's side.
Compared to mere students… and Vernell, who was just a 1st year, they were like an existence that exceeded the heavens.
Even so, he was unable to withdraw.
Because if he did, he wouldn't ever become the kind of knight he that was aiming for.
Both of them drew their weapons, and just as they were about to rush forward — an arrow flew from behind Vernell, arcing towards the knight.
The knight swung his sword and fended it off without problem, and looked toward the people who were standing behind Vernell.
The one who stood there were Vernell's friends from the academy, John and Fiora.
They reached Vernell's side, and both took stances with their weapons.
"John, Fiora… even you guys."
"Go ahead, Vernell. We'll take care of things here."
Vernell had a perplexed expression as John told him to go ahead. John then turned to face off against the knight in front of him.
In his mind, it was already decided that the one who would reach the Saint would be Vernell, and their role was to open a path for him to her location.
Seeing his friend's confused expression at his words, John smiled ruefully.
"I hesitated. I was afraid to take on the nations as my opponents, and froze. I really feel disappointed in myself. Even though she… Elrise-sama always went forth toward the most dangerous places herself for the sake of others."
John remembered the moment he was saved.
That moment, Elrise faced hordes of demons and fought for the sake of protecting other people.
She didn't think about how strong, how big… or how many her foes might be… she gave her all and fought to protect people.
And John was one of the people she had protected.
Yet, when the time came for him to repay such a favor, John was unable to move his feet because his opponents were the nations.
And because of that, John felt miserable.
"Me too… I wondered if helping her was the right thing to do and I hesitated over such a stupid thing. 'If she stayed imprisoned here, it would be better for the world and for the person herself.' Now that's a weird thing to say… That person saved me back then without even thinking about such things, and when Elrise-sama in danger, I still hesitated about what was right, and was paralyzed."
When Elrise saved Fiora, she told her that she would always save those who she could reach.
Worring about things that haven't happened yet, such as whether she would profit from helping people or not, she wouldn't do such stupid things.
Didn't she already swear to herself that day?
That she would stop hesitating. That she would use the second chance in life she had received for the sake of the Saint.
Yet she wasn't able to immediately act like Vernell did.
That's why she thought, the one who ought to go meet the Saint was Vernell, who had gone forth without hesitating from the very beginning.
And so Fiora and John both shouted.
John ran forward and swung his sword at the knight.
Fiora also started shooting arrows, and even as the knight moved to repel it, John kicked at the knight, pushing him back.
With the path to the stairway unobstructed, Vernell moved forward without hesitation and Eterna ran after him.
John laughed at their running backs and then turned to resume his fight with the Knight.
"I know your face. You're John… correct? You were already a soldier, but you threw away your post and entered the Knight Academy… from what I recall."
"He—h, I'm honored that Guard Knight Rex-sama remembers this lowly soldier."
"I remember indeed. At very least, I had thought that this man might fight by our side one day."
The Two of them moved within striking distance of each other and, once again, struck at each other with their swords.
As their swords sparked, both of them exchanged glances.
"I thought for sure that you would one day reach our level. So it's disappointing… for it to end up like this"
"Is that so? I'm more disappointed in you though. You are aware that you currently don't know what you are fighting for, aren't you? It's written all over your face."
"…Fuh. You sure hit where it hurts."
John and the Knight — Rex, traded multiple blows with their swords, trying to size up each other's capabilities.
Rather than a fight, it was more like a conversation.
The two men channel their thoughts and beliefs through their swords… As she watched them, Fiora couldn't help but think as such.
As they heard the sounds of fighting below, Vernell and Eterna continued to run upstairs.
Elrise's room was located on the topmost floor… the 5th floor.
But as early as the next floor, they encountered the person who they somehow didn't want to meet the most.
She was 167 cm tall, taller than the average height of the men in this world, which was 165 cm.
Her glossy black hair was pulled back in a ponytail and she stood in a dignified stance that had no openings.
She wore silvery white armor, the proof of her status as a Guard Knight, and held a sword that was only granted to the Prime Knight.
She had managed a victory against the previous Prime Knight, Fox, despite being a woman, and was crowned as the pinnacle of the Knights at 20 years old. She was the sole Knight who was allowed to stand closest to the Saint, the highest rank of Knight.
Yet her gaze, which was usually filled with an unwavering resolve, now felt weak, as if she was a puppy who feared being scolded by its owner.
"Leila-san…"
Vernell quietly murmured the name of the poor, traitorous female Knight.
A/N:
https://img.syosetu.org/img/user/244176/62201.jpg Illustration by ろぼと様
Elrise glumly looking out through the window. As for what she was thinking…
(What will we have for mealtime today?)
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Kzalca(@kzalca)
Thank you so much for translating this gem of a series! The moment I started reading I couldn't stop myself anymore.
Citizen, a reader
The new website sure is a whole lot more caught up with the times, haha. The previous ones reminds me of a decade ago during the age of blog spots .
Wish this vernell didn't sack his intelligence…
tsukii
Reply to Citizen, a reader
common illness for char of this kind of story, can't be helped
Treigos
Nice! Was waiting all morning for this, thank you!
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text:
Former Soviet republics are Central Asia's persecution hotspot
Home » Former Soviet republics are Central Asia's persecution hotspot
Worsening persecution in the Middle East and Africa commanded headlines in 2015, but Christians in many other countries also saw a deterioration of religious freedom or increased hostility last year.
In the cluster of former Soviet states including Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, Christians faced more scrutiny from authorities and greater community persecution. Open Doors International listed all but one of those countries, Kyrgystan, on its 2016 World Watch List of the 50 places where it is most difficult to be a Christian.
Government paranoia about religious groups is the engine of persecution in the region, said Wade Kusack, director for the religious freedom department of Mission Eurasia.
Ranked 15th on the list, Uzbekistan is the most persecuting country in Central Asia, according to Open Doors communications director Emily Fuentes.
Uzbek Christians endure phone tapping and spying, raids on house churches, and fines for possessing religious literature or music. Families in the majority Muslim country often kick out relatives who convert to Christianity, Fuentes said.
Authorities fined Presbyterian Pastor Sergei Rychagov in 2015 for "illegal" religious teaching, meetings, and missionary activity after bullying children into writing statements against him, Mission Eurasia reported.
The republic of Azerbaijan moved dramatically up the list from the 46th to 34th. The U.S. State Department said the country tightly regulates religious institutions and requires all congregations to register. Open Doors reported Protestants are considered "extremists." According to Forum 18, Azerbaijan has many "prisoners of conscience" who are Christian, Muslim, or other religions.
Fuentes said authorities throughout the region are utilizing more Soviet Union-style tactics against Christians. Families and communities also pressure or threaten believers, especially former Muslims.
"They are the most vulnerable," Kusack said.
Although Kazakhstan remained 42nd on the most recent World Watch List, Kusack expressed concern about Christians there. In 2013, Kazakhstani authorities charged a pastor "for causing considerable harm to the psychological health" for praying and giving communion. He was sentenced to four years imprisonment, but the sentence was suspended.
But in December 2015, the city court of Astana, Kazakhstan, sentenced a Seventh Day Adventist pastor to two years in a prison labor camp for "inciting religious hatred" after secret police spied on him for a year.
"We expect next year to be even worse," Kusack said, adding that Soviets made a "monster" out of evangelical churches with propaganda, and many of the region's political leaders came from that system. "Many Christian leaders still see the government as an enemy," he said.
Islamic intolerance of Christianity and the way many people in these countries view being Muslim as part of their cultural and ethnic identities also contribute to persecution of Christians in Central Asia. Kusack said the people often view Muslim converts to Christianity as traitors and perceive missionaries as a "threat to the national identity."
— by Julia A. Seymour | WNS
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Shopping for women's plus size clothes can sometimes feel so discouraging. Typical department stores don't always have the best selection, and those dressing room mirrors are awful. For these reasons, I prefer to do most of my clothes shopping online.
Getting the right fit can be a concern, so return and exchange policies are extremely important to me.
Low shipping costs, or free shipping are important, as I don't really want to spend a bunch of extra money. A few dollars or less is worth it to save on gas and frustration.
Return shipping costs are also important.
Having a wide range of options to choose from is important. I don't think that being larger than the status quo makes chubby girls unworthy of fashion sense and taste.
Quality is significant, unless I'm trying to go super cheap, because I want my clothes to look good and last, just like any woman does.
Of course, price is important as most of us are not rich. I absolutely love shopping at Nordstrom for their return policy, but price-wise they aren't always as competitive.
Keeping the above points in mind, I have listed out the best online options for plus size shopping, listed in no particular order.
Selection and Quality – Modcloth became one of my favorite stores years ago when they started out with mostly vintage options. Now they've expanded to encompass pretty much any style or fashion need. Their sizes range from xxs to 4x, so all girls can enjoy the cool style they have to offer.
Return/Exchange Policy – Returns and exchanges are okay within 30 days of purchase. PLUS if you choose store credit for your return, you get a $5 bonus.
Shipping Cost – Free shipping for orders over $75, for under they have a USPS shipping for $5.99.
Return Shipping Cost – Free return shipping with prepaid return label.
Selection and Quality – City Chic has been doing plus size women's fashion for what feels like decades. They have the best options and prices for quality fashion staples, like jeans, or work wear, but they also have a lot of great trends. Their sizes range from 16 – 24w, and they have options for all age ranges.
Return/Exchange Policy – Returns and exchanges are not a problem within 30 days. In order to exchange, you do have to place a new order and then return for a refund, but they will adjust the price if there is a difference.
Shipping Cost – Free shipping within the U.S., and only $5 for Canada.
Return Shipping Cost – Free return shipping within the U.S.
Selection and Quality – Of all the plus-size stores online, I think Torrid has the most popular and trendy options, especially for those in their 30's and younger. They have a wide range of options for sizes from 10 to 30.
Return/Exchange Policy – They accept returns and exchanges by mail or in-store for new items up to 60 days after purchase.
Shipping Cost – They have a flat rate of $6.00 for all shipping within the U.S., so it's well worth doing a larger order.
Return Shipping Cost – They provide a free return shipping label, as needed.
Selection and Quality – Although the prices are a bit higher than some of the others, the quality here is amazing. They have a HUGE selection that ranges from sizes 12 – 28w, including petites. They also have an amazing variety of looks that are both trendy and professional, great for business, including options for any age woman.
Return/Exchange Policy – Returns and exchanges are okay for new merchandise sent back by mail within 30 days.
Shipping Cost – Orders over $150 ship free! Otherwise, the standard flat rate is $7.50 for any size order under $150.
Return Shipping Cost – Return shipping is covered with a prepaid shipping label, but the cost is $7 for each package returned. Exchanges are free!
If you have Amazon Prime, shopping on Amazon can be well worth it as you get unlimited free shipping. They have great competitive pricing, and the inventory options for plus size girls is growing rapidly. I have been finding some amazing deals on Amazon, for great style and quality. The prices are worth checking, because there are so many different stores competing with similar styles and products.
Selection and Quality – Quality varies, depending on who you're buying from, but there is a huge selection of great women's plus size styles. A drawback is that Amazon doesn't have a way to search by specific plus size, although a keyword search usually pulls up the best options.
Return/Exchange Policy – Amazon has a buyer protection policy for Amazon Prime purchases that basically covers any need to return or exchange.
There are a few online shops that I think have great selection and deserve a special mention, although their return policies and shipping costs may have pushed them out of the top of the list.
MEI SMITH – If it weren't for their $10 shipping cost, and limited 14-day return policy, I think this might have made the list. The clothes are trendy and up-to-date, and they're modeled the way plus size clothing should be, with REAL plus size women. They also provide the measurements of their model so you get a real idea of what their clothes look like when worn.
ROSE GAL – This site has an amazing selection, but they also appear to operate internationally so shipping is slow and unpredictable, and returns and exchanges can be confusing, requiring return authorization from customs. I'd love to hear if anyone has successfully shopped with RoseGal, and what their experience was.
LANE BRYANT – This company is the original OG for women's plus size clothing. They've been doing it longer than online existed, and they really cater to all ages. Their shipping and return fees are a bit rough, so I haven't moved them to the top list as I don't find them the most convenient to shop with.
Do you have a favorite online go-to for plus size women's clothes shopping? Do tell!
Wow, that is such a useful and great information about buying clothes online, all good stores at one place, That will be really helpful for me to order online as I mostly do online shopping, not only this, I will share it with my friends as well.thank you for sharing.
Thank you so much, Sarah. I'm happy to help! Have fun with your shopping!


Only one (1) house off the Ocean, with no streets to cross.
Patio area with table and chairs provided.
Three (3) Beach Badges are provided for tenant use, by the homeowner, as a courtesy. However, they are not guaranteed. Tenant(s) will be responsible for any replacement cost of missing or lost badges.
No smoking permitted. Owner may consider small pet (dog) but owner must approve pet before Lease is signed. There is a $200.00 pet fee that is non-refundable.


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Ceramic ball bearings are utilized in most of the rotary instruments utilized by dentists and dental hygienists. They permit the rotary floor of the software to spin easily at quick charges. To be able to hold your dental instruments working correctly and precisely it's good to preserve your ceramic ball bearings correctly. Correct care begins with correct cleansing.
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text:
Q: Sheaf commutes with limits There is such statement:

Presheaf $\mathfrak F$ is a sheaf if it commutes with limits:
  $$\mathfrak F(\lim_{\to} U_\alpha)=\lim_{\gets}\mathfrak F(U_\alpha).$$

Can you rewrite this formula more exactly using following definitions.
Let $\Phi : \mathfrak J \to \mathfrak C$ is a functor between two categories.
Definition 1. Direct limit of $\Phi$ is an object $X\in\mathfrak C$ which represent functor
$${\mathfrak C}^0\longrightarrow Sets$$
$$Y\longmapsto\hom_{Funct(\mathfrak J,\mathfrak C)}(\Delta Y, \Phi),$$
where $\Delta : \mathfrak C\to Funct(\mathfrak J,\mathfrak C)$ be a diagonal functor.
Definition 2. Analogically inverse limit corepresent functor
$$\mathfrak C\longrightarrow Sets$$
$$Y\longmapsto\hom_{Funct(\mathfrak J,\mathfrak C)}(\Phi,\Delta Y).$$
Definition 3. At last presheaf on space $M$ is a functor from category of open subsets of $M$.

A: The statement is false. But it is correct that a sheaf is a presheaf which preserves a certain class of colimits. See also my answer here.


Knitted flared knee length white with black stripes dress. Purchased at TK Maxx for £30.
pretty top with bead detail, label says xl but I'm a 14 and fitted well. designer.
Cute little silk effect top, navy with black lace detail down the front. Really good condition, fits size 8-10.
Genuine leather new with tags brown Clements Ribeiro purse with paisley print inside lining.


To produce this wine, we selected the oldest grapes of the region: Gaglioppo and Nerello Calabrese. A brilliant ruby red with violet hues, intensely vinous aroma, the taste is warm and sensibly tannic. It is recommended along with red meat dishes, cold cuts and cheeses.
Medium mixture, sandy and clayey.
Soft wine pressing with cold maceration. Temperature-controlled fermentation.
It is recommended along with red meat dishes, cold cuts and cheeses.