text:
7: Distribution Functions and Liquid Structure
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7.6: The Pair Correlation Function
[ "article:topic", "authorname:mtuckerman", "showtoc:no", "pair correlation function" ]
https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FPhysical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps%2FAdvanced_Statistical_Mechanics_(Tuckerman)%2F07%253A_Distribution_Functions_and_Liquid_Structure%2F7.06%253A_The_Pair_Correlation_Function
Mark E. Tuckerman
Of particular importance is the case n=2, or the correlation function \(g^{(2)} (r_1, r_2)\) known as the pair correlation function. The explicit expression for \(g^{(2)} (r_1, r_2)\) is
\[ \begin{align*} g^{(2)} (r_1, r_2) &= {V^2 N! \over N^2 (N - 2)!} \langle \delta (r_1 - r'_1) \delta (r_2 - r'_2)\rangle \\[4pt]&= {V^2 (N - 1) \over NZ_N} \int dr_3 \cdots dr_N e^{-\beta U(r_1, \cdots , r_N)} \\[4pt] &= {N (N - 1) \over p^2} \langle \delta (r_1 - r'_1) \delta (r_2 - r'_2) \rangle _{r'_1 \cdots r'_N} \end{align*}\]
In general, for homogeneous systems in equilibrium, there are no special points in space, so that \(g^{(2)}\) should depend only on the relative position of the particles or the difference \(r_1 - r_2 \). In this case, it proves useful to introduce the change of variables
\[ r = r_1 - r_2 R = {1 \over 2} (r_1 + r_2) \nonumber \]
\[ r_1 = R + {1 \over 2} r, r_2 = R - {1 \over 2} r \nonumber \]
Then, we obtain a new function \(\tilde {g} ^{(2)}\), a function of \(r\) and \(R\):
\[ \begin{align*} \tilde {g}^{(2)} (r, R) &= {V^2 (N - 1) \over NZ_N} \int dr_3 \cdots dr_N e^{-\beta U (R + {1 \over 2} r, R - {1 \over 2} r, r_R, \cdots , r_N)} \\[4pt] &= {N (N - 1) \over p^2} \left < \delta \left ( R + {1 \over 2} r - r'_1 \right ) \delta \left ( R - {1 \over 2} r - r'_2 \right ) \right >_{r'_1, \cdots r'_N} \end{align*} \]
In general, we are only interested in the dependence on \(r\). Thus, we integrate this expression over \(R\) and obtain a new correlation function \(\tilde {g} (r) \) defined by
\[ \tilde {g} (r) = {1 \over V} \int dR \tilde {g} ^{(2)} (r, R) \nonumber \]
\[ = {V (N - 1) \over NZ_N} \int dR dr_3 \cdots dr_N e^{-\beta U (R + \dfrac {1}{2}r, R-\dfrac {1}{2}r, rR, \cdots, rN )} \nonumber \]
\[ = {(N - 1) \over pZ_N } \int dR dr_3 \cdots dr_N e^{-\beta U (R + \dfrac {1}{2}r, R-\dfrac {1}{2}r, rR, \cdots, rN )} \nonumber \]
For an isotropic system such as a liquid or gas, where there is no preferred direction in space, only the maginitude or \(r, |r| \equiv r \) is of relevance. Thus, we seek a choice of coordinates that involves r explicitly. The spherical-polar coordinates of the vector \(r\) is the most natural choice. If \(r = (x, y, z )\) then the spherical polar coordinates are
\[x = r \sin \theta \cos \phi \nonumber \]
\[ y = r \sin \theta \sin \phi \nonumber \]
\[ x = r \cos \theta \nonumber \]
\[ dr = r^2 \sin \theta \, dr \, d\theta \, d\phi \nonumber \]
where \(\theta \) and \(\phi \) are the polar and azimuthal angles, respectively. Also, note that
\[ r = r n \nonumber \]
\[ n = \left ( \sin \theta \cos \phi, \sin \theta \sin \phi, \cos \theta \right ) \nonumber \]
Thus, the function \(g(r)\) that depends only on the distance \(r\) between two particles is defined to be
\[ \begin{align*} g(r) &= { 1\over 4 \pi} \int \sin \theta d \theta d \phi \tilde {g} (r) \\[4pt] &= {(N - 1) \over 4 \pi p Z_N} \int \sin \theta\, d\theta \, d \phi\, dR dr_3 \cdots dr_N e^{-\beta U (R + \dfrac {1}{2}r, R-\dfrac {1}{2}r, rR, \cdots, rN )} \\[4pt] &= {(N - 1) \over 4 \pi p} \left < {\delta (r - r') \over rr'} \right > _{r^t, \theta^t, \phi^t, R^t, r^t_R, \cdots , r^t_N} \end{align*}\]
Integrating \(g(r)\) over the radial dependence, one finds that
\[ 4 \pi p \int _0^{\infty} drr^2 g(r) = N - 1 \approx N \nonumber \]
The \(g(r)\) function is important for many reasons. It tells us about the structure of complex, isotropic systems, as we will see below, it determines the thermodynamic quantities at the level of the pair potential approximation, and it can be measured in neutron and X-ray diffraction experiments. In such experiments, one observes the scattering of neutrons or X-rays from a particular sample. If a detector is placed at an angle \(\theta\) from the wave-vector direction of an incident beam of particles, then the intensity \(I (\theta )\) that one observes is proportional to the structure factor
\[\begin{align*} I (\theta) \sim {1 \over N} \left < \left | \sum _m e^{ik\cdot r_m} \right | ^2 \right > &= {1 \over N} \left < \sum _m e^{ik\cdot (r_m - r_n)} \right >\\[4pt] &\equiv S (k) \end{align*}\]
where \(k\) is the vector difference in the wave vector between the incident and scattered neutrons or X-rays (since neutrons and X-rays are quantum mechanical particles, they must be represented by plane waves of the form \(exp (ik \cdot r )\)). By computing the ensemble average (see problem 4 of problem set #5), one finds that \(S (k) = S (k) \) and S(k) is given by
\[ S(k) = 1 + {4 \pi p \over k} \int _0^{\infty} drr \sin (kr) g (r) \nonumber \]
Thus, if one can measure \(S(k)\), \(g(r)\) can be determined by Fourier transformation.
This page titled 7.6: The Pair Correlation Function is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Mark E. Tuckerman.
7.5: Thermodynamic quantities in terms of g(r)
7.7: Derivation of the Van der Waals equation
pair correlation function


text:
Q: pure virtual function needs to take different parameters I have the following Base Class.
class Furniture
{
public:
    virtual void Collapse() = 0;
};

With derived classes:
class Table : public Furniture
{
public:
    void Collapse()
    {
       Save(my_file);
    }
protected:
    void Save(char* filepath);

private:
    char* my_file;
};

class Armoire : public Furniture
{
public:
    void Collapse()
    {
       Save(my_file);
    }
protected:
    void Save(char* filepath);
private:
    char* my_file;
};

class Chair : public Furniture
{
public:
    void Collapse()
    {
       Save(); // note - no filepath
    }
protected:
    void Save();
};

After reading the comments, I have edited this question somewhat, to describe more accurately the problem in hand.
My problem is that all but one of the classes derived from Furniture define the Save() function with a parameter, like Table and Armoire are doing. It's only the Chair class that defines a Save() function with no parameter.
I want to somehow move the declaration of the Save() function - to be part of an interface, and have the derived classes provide the implementation. But that one class Chair that does not require a parameter means that I can't do this.
What is the best way to design this?

A: Use a default parameter in the base class:
virtual void Collapse( int seconds = 0 ) = 0;

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In 1830 the Church was first organized under the leadership of the Rev. Rosman Kelly, the organization carried on for eleven years. 1841 - The present Church was erected by H. W. Conger. Rev. E. Morgan was the pastor. The membership was eighteen, and the property was valued at Two Thousand Two Hundred Dollars. Several people deeded property to the Church, Nancy Miller, Margaret Miller, Eli Miller and Frederick Ward, deeded August 31st, 1841. From the bulletin written for the Methodist Church of Reidsville, One Hundredth Anniversary 1841 - 1941, published in full in "Life Along the Way" published in 2006 by the Warner's Lake Improvement Association.


text:
Q: Is There a Name for this Pattern I've used this pattern many times in a variety of places, usually alongside a plugin pattern.
Some example ways I've used it are for messaging systems, such as creating subscribers to various types of unrelated messages. I've also used it for generic integration workflows that each need a differently shaped context object.
Basically the pattern consists of defining a blank marker interface for a message or context. Then defining a high level workflow interface that works with the message/context interface. You can then use a factory to get a concrete instance of the workflow, and if needed, the workflow can also be responsible for parsing its message / context from a common data format.
Next, you create an abstract generic base workflow whose responsibilty is just to map calls to the interface methods, which pass around the useless marker interface, into calls to abstract methods that take the concrete version of the message/context.
Hopefully that makes sense. I'll provide a code example below. I'd love to know if this pattern has a name because I've noticed that I've used it about 4-5 times now. Also, I'm just fleshing out how to explain the pattern, so if anything about my explanation doesn't make sense please let me know that as well.
The main point is that you can have multiple classes with different method signatures that can still be called via a common interface:
End Result
public class ConcreteA : Base<MessageA>
{
    public void Process(MessageA message){...}
    public MessageA Parse(IDictionary data){...}
}

public class ConcreteB : Base<MessageB>
{
    public void Process(MessageB message){...}
    public MessageB Parse(IDictionary data){...}
}

//And both can by called by...
public void Main(){
    var data = GetDataFromIntegrationSource(someContext);
    IWorkflow impl = Factory.GetConcrete(someContext);

    //So in your classes you're able to work with strongly typed parameters,
    //But in the consuming code you still can use a common interface
    //Consuming code never even knows what the strong type is.
    IMessage msg = impl.Parse(data);
    impl.Process(msg);
}

FULL EXAMPLE
High Level Interfaces
public interface IGenericeMarkerInterface
{
}

public interface IGenericWorkflow
{
    void Process(IGenericeMarkerInterface messageOrContext);

    IGenericeMarkerInterface Parse(IDictionary<string, string> commonDataFormat);
}

Abstract Base for Mapping to Concrete Methods
public abstract class GenericWorkflowBase<T> : IGenericWorkflow where T : IGenericeMarkerInterface
{
    public void Process(IGenericeMarkerInterface messageOrContext)
    {
        Process((T)messageOrContext);
    }

    public IGenericeMarkerInterface Parse(IDictionary<string, string> commonDataFormat)
    {
        return DoParse(commonDataFormat);
    }

    public abstract void Process(T messageOrContext);
    public abstract T DoParse(IDictionary<string, string> commonDataFormat);
}

Mapping Attributes
public class MappingAttributeUsedByFactoryAttribute : Attribute
{
    public WorkflowType SomePropertyForMapping { get; set; }
}

Concrete Implementations
public class SomeRandomlyShapedMessageOrContext : IGenericeMarkerInterface
{
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public string Data { get; set; }
}

[MappingAttributeUsedByFactory(WorkflowType.IntegrationPartnerB)]
public class ConcreteWorkflow : GenericWorkflowBase<SomeRandomlyShapedMessageOrContext>
{
    public override void Process(SomeRandomlyShapedMessageOrContext messageOrContext)
    {
        //TODO: process the strongly typed message
    }

    public override SomeRandomlyShapedMessageOrContext DoParse(IDictionary<string, string> commonDataFormat)
    {
        //TODO: parse the common data into the strongly typed message
    }
}

Factory
public static class WorkflowFactory
{
    public static IGenericWorkflow Get(WorkflowType workflow)
    {
        //TODO: find the concrete workflow by inspecting attributes
    }
}

Example Usage
public static class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        //this could be driven by a UI or some contextual data
        var someSortOfWorkflowIdentifier = (WorkflowType)args[0];
        var data = GetSomeDictionaryOfData();

        var workflow = WorkflowFactory.Get(someSortOfWorkflowIdentifier);

        workflow.Process(workflow.Parse(data));
    }
}

A: Yes, it's exactly same as you named it: Marker interface


text:
Q: Why does R think all of my rows end in "e"? I am trying to create a new column with information from another column. For example, I want "Neutrophil_A0Late" to have "Late" in a new column, and "Neutrophil_A0Peak" to have "Peak" in the new column. My current code is:
gene_CNS <- melt(gene_CNS)
mutate(gene_CNS, timepoint = case_when(
  endsWith("variable", "k") ~ "Peak",
  endsWith("variable", "e") ~ "Late",
  endsWith("variable", "l") ~ "Preclinical",
  endsWith("variable", "t") ~ "Onset"))

and it spits out:
   X1                         variable       value timepoint
1   Mertk               Neutrophils_A0Late 0.008430985      Late
2   Mertk              Neutrophils_A0Onset 0.000000000      Late
3   Mertk               Neutrophils_A0Peak 0.000000000      Late
4   Mertk        Neutrophils_A0Preclinical 0.000000000      Late

Clearly it thinks all of my "variable" entries end in "e", and I'm not sure why. Can anyone help? Please let me know if you need any more information.


text:
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Emma Fielding Cast in A Woman Of No Importance at the Vaudeville Theatre
Friday, 25th Aug 2017
It was back in July that we first learned of the Oscar Wilde season coming to the Vaudeville Theatre, with Dominic Dromgoole directing A Woman of No Importance from October.
Back then the presence of Eve Best was already announced, whilst other shows as part of the series, including Lady Windermere's Fan, were also revealed.
Now, almost two months later, we get word of others set to join the production, with Emma Fielding announced for a role. She not only joins Eve Best, but other previously-announced cast members like Anne Reid and William Gaunt.
A Woman Of No Importance is set in the latter part of the 19th century and during the course of the show we are introduced to a range of characters attending an upper class party thrown by a Lady Hunstanton. These memorable characters include the shows titular woman of no importance, Mrs Arbuthnot, alongside her son Gerald, plus Hester Worsley and Lord Illingworth, amongst others. Wilde casts a magnifying glass on the society of the time, with hypocrisy and betrayal exposed during the course of the story.
Emma Fielding is an award-winning actress whose career spans both the stage and screen. As such she provides another familiar face to proceedings as she steps on to the stage of the Vaudeville Theatre for A Woman Of No Importance.
She has been nominated for two Laurence Olivier Awards over the years, once for The School Of Scandal for the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1998 and another for Private Lives at the Albery Theatre (now the Noël Coward Theatre) in 2001. Her other credits include Cranford on television and a 90s production of Arcadia, also for the Royal Shakespeare Company.
The newly-announce cast members also includes Dominic Rowan, Crystal Clarke, Sam Cox, Phoebe Fildes, William Mannering, Paul Rider and Harry Lister-Smith.
The Vaudeville Theatre is currently the home of The Mentor with F. Murray Abraham and children's show The Hunting Of The Snark. A Woman Of No Importance replaces those when it opens at the venue on Friday 6th October 2017.
Chris Packer
Chris Packer has been writing about the West End for many years and wishes this knowledge would help him win some pub quizzes. When he's not writing about the newest shows he's probably watching films or anticipating the latest releases.
View all posts by Chris Packer
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text:
Q: Risk of extinction of Schrödinger's cats I am interested in how uncertainty can be accounted for when considering the risk of extinction of a species. Forgive me for extending a rather tired thought experiment, but at least it's familiar territory and I hope it illustrates what I am trying to understand.
Let's say that Schrödinger was not satisfied with killing and not killing only one cat, so he went out and collected the last 15 remaining Himalayan Snow-Cats. He put each one in a box with a vial of poison, hammer, and a trigger device for releasing the hammer. Each trigger device has a known probability of releasing the hammer within any given hour, and the poison will take 5 hours to kill a cat (things got a bit trippy when he used radioactive decay, so this time he steers clear of quantum mechanics). After one hour, Schrödinger receives a notice from the ethics board telling him he's nuts and ordering him to release the cats immediately. He pushes a button which opens a cat-flap at the back of each box, thus releasing them all back into the wild. By the time the humane society check the boxes, all the cats have bolted. Before anyone can restrain him, Schrödinger detonates the remaining triggers, so nobody knows how many of the cats were poisoned.
The probability that each of the cats is poisoned is as follows:

*

*0.17

*0.46

*0.62

*0.08

*0.40

*0.76

*0.03

*0.47

*0.53

*0.32

*0.21

*0.85

*0.31

*0.38

*0.69

After 5 hours have elapsed and all poisoned cats have died, what is the probability that there are:

*

*(A) More than 10 Himalayan Snow-Cats still alive

*(B) 10 or less still alive

*(C) 5 or less still alive

*(D) 2 or less still alive

A: It's unclear what "risk of extinction category" means, but it appears the question asks to compute the distribution of the sum of 15 independent binomial variates having the given expectations.  This is a convolution and it's most efficiently done with the Fast Fourier Transform.
Here is an example in R, whose convolve function uses the FFT:
x <- c(0.17,0.46,0.62,0.08,0.40,0.76,0.03,0.47,0.53,0.32,0.21,0.85,0.31,0.38,0.69)
z <- 1
for (u in sort(x)) z <- convolve(z, c(u, 1-u), type="open")
z

[1] 5.826e-05 1.069e-03 8.233e-03 3.566e-02 9.775e-02 1.805e-01 2.324e-01 2.128e-01
[9] 1.395e-01 6.520e-02 2.142e-02 4.800e-03 6.979e-04 6.039e-05 2.647e-06 4.091e-08

As a check, in Mathematica the same results were obtained with
Product[1 - z + z t, {z, x}] // Expand

$4.091095\times 10^{-8} t^{15}+2.647052\times 10^{-6} t^{14}+\cdots+0.0010688 t+0.0000582614$

Now, for instance, the chance of $10$ or fewer poisonings is computed in R as
sum(z[1:11])

[1] 0.9944

Edit
Using R's convolve function is inefficient for larger problems, because it repeatedly performs an FFT and its inverse. It turns out that the direct algorithm for convolution--as described by StasK--is plenty fast enough.  Here is an R implementation.
convolve.binomial <- function(p) {
  # p is a vector of probabilities of Bernoulli distributions.
  # The convolution of these distributions is returned as a vector
  # `z` where z[i] is the probability of i-1, i=1, 2, ..., length(p)+1.
  n <- length(p) + 1
  z <- c(1, rep(0, n-1))
  for (p in p) z <- (1-p)*z + p*c(0, z[-n])
  return(z)
}

(Thanks to an anonymous editor suggesting improvements that clarify the algorithm.)
This takes $O(n^2)$ time for $n$ distributions--the quadratic behavior is not good--but it's still quite fast.  As an example, let's generate 10,000 random probabilities (instead of using 15 given ones) and form the convolution of the corresponding Bernoulli distributions:
x <- runif(10000)
system.time(y <- convolve.binomial(x))

This still takes less than 3 seconds.

A: Let $p_k, k=1, \ldots, K=15$ be the survival probabilities for individual snow cats.

*

*Initialize the number of cats accounted for so far $k \leftarrow 0$, the vector of the binomial survival probabilities $(\pi_0^{(0)}, \pi_1^{(0)}, \ldots, \pi_K^{(0)}) \leftarrow (1, 0, \ldots, 0, 0)$

*While there still are unaccounted cats, $k \le K$, repeat steps 3-5:

*Increase $k \leftarrow k+1$

*Update the 0 outcome (death): $\pi_j^{(k)} \leftarrow \pi_j^{(k-1)} (1-p_k), j=0, \ldots, K$

*Update the 1 outcome (survival): $\pi_{j+1}^{(k)} \leftarrow \pi_{j+1}^{(k)} + \pi_j^{(k-1)} p_k, j=0, \ldots, K$

I would probably be paranoid about accounting for everything, and make sure that my probabilities still sum up to 1 at each iteration after step 5.
My results are:
4.091e-08
2.647e-06
.00006039
.00069791
.00479963
.02141555
.06519699
.13945642
.21276277
.23238555
.18045155
.09775029
.03565983
.00823336
.0010688
.00005826

The sum of the first three is the prob of being critically endangered, the last 5, the prob of least concern, etc.


text:
Date A Live Series Retrospective | Tohka Is Adorable And I Want One | Flash Anime-tion
Voyager	 May 19, 2018	 19 Comments
Spoiler Alert: This is not high art… And that is completely fine. On a side note… Magical Girls + Action Harem = …Surprisingly fun combo.
Ordinary high school boy Shido discovers a mysterious girl at ground zero of a recent spacequake. Shido learns, through his sister Kotori, that the girl is one of the Spirits: mystical creatures responsible for the spacequakes. Shido is recruited to help "seal" the spirits and end their threat to mankind. There's just one catch: the only way to seal a spirit—is to make her fall in love with you. -Crunchyroll
Studio(s): AIC Plus+
Genre(s): Comedy, Harem, Romance, School, Sci-Fi, Mecha
Figure I've been promising this for a while. So it's about time I actually deliver. But first a bit of context and personal background with this little series. I've always loved anime. My favorite show as a kid was (and to an extent, still is) Pokemon. I grew up watching pretty much every anime that came up on Saturday mornings and started watching anime more closely after I got the Funimation channel. But then something happened around 2008. Right around the time of my transition out of Junior High School (Yes, I'm young. I get it), a certain movie hit the theaters that more or less caused the bulk of my attention to fall elsewhere – specifically comic books. I am, of course, talking about everyone's favorite genius billionaire playboy philanthropist, the invincible Iron Man.
I'd always loved comics and superheroes. But I never treated them or anime with any degree of preference. But when Iron Man swung around and started the superhero movie boom, I found myself more fascinated with comics. It was also around this time that I stumbled across the likes of Channel Awesome (then That Guy With The Glasses) and the comic book reviewer, Linkara. Thanks in no small part to him, my interest in comics and superheroes pretty much reached critical mass and I just threw myself into that realm. I basically didn't touch anime at all throughout High School, with a few noteworthy exceptions – chief among them being Gurren Lagann, which I got as a gift (one I've made no secret I half regret).
I didn't get back into anime proper until college. Because of my particular degree program, I had a lot of free time on my hands. I'd fallen out of watching TV, really. There was rarely anything on of interest to me. So when there were no movies for me to watch, what'd I do? Well, a friend had recalled my saying I liked anime but hadn't watched any in a while. He responded by suggesting I get back into it and even recommended a place for me to start – Date A Live. In fairness, he also recommended several other things to me that I did end up watching. But I started with this one.
Oh. Blew up a tank? That's cute.
Based on that story, one can probably tell that Date A Live has a rather special connection with me. It was really my first serious dive back into the anime sphere after about a 4-year off-period. But on top of that, it was technically the first anime I watched as an adult and also the first one I watched after starting to pick up a lot of the storytelling knowledge that school was granting me. I was eager to stretch those storytelling muscles and analyze pretty much anything I could afford to watch. So I turned my eye to Date A Live at the first opportunity. And what did I find?
Date A Live is one big exercise in harem antics, fan service, and over-the-top action sequences. It doesn't really do anything you haven't seen from the Harem genre, which is generally filled with these sort of male power fantasy stories. But damn if it's not engaging. This, of course, should come as no surprise. After all, I basically did an entire mini-review of the anime a while back in the "What's The Difference? Junk Food, Guilty Pleasures, and Popcorn Entertainment" editorial. If you want the annexed version of everything I'm going to say here, plus my insights into the whole idea of "guilty pleasures," go and check out that article.
Right from the OP, Date A Live really grabbed my attention. Now, here's the thing. I absolutely love music. I come from a very musical family. I'm especially fond of soundtracks and scores for anime, movies, and video games. Frankly, I listen to those more than I do "radio music." I just have an ear for it.
That being said, I'm not trained or educated in music… really at all. I couldn't tell you why something registered with me so well. A possible explanation is that it's because the brain likes to recognize patterns. Most of the music I like has very distinct patterns, albeit in variations. For example. If you've watched Boku no Hero Academia at all, you're familiar with "You Say Run." Or rather, you're familiar with the melody even if you haven't heard that specific track because it's used in most of the tracks, just with variations in instrumentation, tempo, etc… okay, I know a little about music.
My point is that the music, for whatever reason, grabbed me instantly. This effect was further enhanced by instrumental variations of the main theme used throughout the series – one in the final battle of Season 1 (returning early in Season 2), and one on piano, used for more somber moments. There's also another track called "Serei" that plays during several scenes involving the Spirits (including when Shido first meets Tohka). Then there's a faster, more intense version called "Pride," that plays during a handful of action sequences. It's stuff like this that I like because it gives your show, movie, whatever a sense of overall cohesion. Music can really enhance a series, either through variation or by using likeness to provide a sort of unity.
Another thing that really jumped out at me was the premise. Put plainly, the premise is objectively silly. But it's also genius, in a way. It's sort of like a reverse Magical Girl (no, not like that) situation, applied to a Harem Comedy. Having these godly powerful, extradimensional girls appear at random, then using the power of love to seal their abilities is actually a brilliant subversion. Furthermore, the decision to play with that angle by drawing the parallel to a Date Sim video game is just perfect to really add that extra notch of humor.
"Why do I get the feeling you're making fun of me?"
But don't get me wrong. As silly as this series is, it's not without a degree of heart. I think it's best illustrated by the initial arc in Season 1, when Shido first meets Tohka. That whole situation actually packs a surprising amount of character establishment and growth into a short time.
Sure we don't know the exact histories of either character (yet), but none of that is exactly relevant to the immediate story. What's important is that Tohka doesn't know what's going on and is attacked by the AST every time she wakes up on Earth, generally with no one else around. So she has no reason to suspect they're an outlier. Thus she's incredibly weary of the world, understandably paranoid, and rather sad and lonely.
The main character, Shido, isn't quite as interesting, on paper. But I actually found the angle kind of nice. Shido's basically pitched as an everyman. Of course, this later turns out to be a complete lie. But he barely taps into the surface of his powers by the end of Season 2. He's got far longer to go. The thing that perhaps makes him stand out in a world of Harem protagonists like Bell (Is It Wrong To Pick Up Girls In A Dungeon?), Issei (High School DxD), or Keima (The World God Only Knows) is that he's pretty much normal. That's it.
He's not a Harem-chasing pervert. He's not a shut-in Otaku, constantly spouting references to his vices. And he's not oblivious (either irritatingly or endearingly). He's just a regular dude with an overdeveloped caretaker instinct from having lived with a little sister for so long. You can tell he's exasperated by all of this in a sense. But while he complains at times, he goes through with it anyway because his desire to help these people is just that strong. Especially after seeing what Tohka went through. And considering that he doesn't initially know about his powers, his willingness to even get involved in any of this makes him incredibly noble, adding to his likability.
"Shido! Check out what this guy is saying about you." "…This is your digital girlfriend, again."
As for the rest of the girls, they're hit-and-miss. The weak link of the first season is probably Yoshino, who almost felt like a filler arc. She wasn't, of course. She's still around and all that. But Yoshino does next to nothing after her arc is resolved. She factors into Season 2 slightly more, but only slightly. The Yamai Twins, introduced in Season 2, are similarly low on the totem pole of importance.
There's also Shido's biological sister, Mana. Not a romantic route, obviously, but her whole subplot does seem a bit tacked on. She plays an important role, narratively, but it just felt like the added complication of a biological sister was unnecessary and her role could've been filled by Origami. Speaking of Origami, she's arguably the second deuteragonist of the series (possibly sharing that billing with Tohko). Her aloof personality is something I like because of how they utilize it for both comedic effect and drama. There's also Kotori, Miku, and most interestingly, Kurumi – AKA Best Girl.
"Ara ara. Thank you for the compliment."
I'm not kidding. Kurumi is, bar none, the most entertaining and engaging character in the series. She's clearly psychotic, yet bizarrely sympathetic. She has the coolest power-set among them all. She's more powerful than literally all of the others thus far (yes, that does include "Ifrit," who only had her on edge because she was low on power). One thing that sets her apart the most, however, is that she's basically the only Spirit with an agenda. She has motives and goals of her own. This isn't to take anything away from the others, but there's a distinct difference. Kurumi is an enigmatic yet driven character. The others, for the most part, are more interested in the formation of personal connections. Connections which Kurumi likes the idea of, but rejects because of her own agenda.
Kotori is revealed to be a Spirit at the end of Episode 9, and she's an interesting character. There's a lot we still don't really know about her. But then, there's a lot that the characters themselves don't know, in general. Kotori is the "little sister" of the ensemble, and basically a Type-A Tsundere (as opposed to Tohka's Type-B). And she's basically the gateway to getting Shido involved in everything. All of this is more or less her design. For her part in it, her arc was pretty nice. The "little sister" thing is… eeeeh. It's implied she was in love with him before her family adopted him, so I suppose it marginally less icky? Still pretty suspect, though. I do like there being a distinction between "White Kotori" and "Black Kotori" and how she sees the two versions of herself. And had we not seen some of the grisly and downright evil things Kurumi does, Kotori would, by far, be the scariest one among them. I mean…
I've said this before, but… Sweet mercy, there's MURDER in those eyes.
Then there's Miku, who's basically one of Season 2's designated villains. Because of the nature of Season 2 and where, exactly, it ended, it's difficult to judge Miku, post-character-development. Of all the Spirits, she's the only one whose backstory proper we're made privy to. And it's actually pretty interesting on its own. Though I think its effort to validate her man-hating (it gets fixed) was a little ham-fisted. Especially since it's clear she doesn't like anyone, so having the extra-strength hate-on for guys seems like a bit much. Yes, I know it was for the purpose of having a bisexual character in the Harem and providing an excuse for Shido to have to crossdress in a few episodes. But still.
Regardless, the overall sense of despair one gets from her background makes it easy to see how she became so cynical and wound up going so far off the deep end. Her actions in the last couple episodes go to great lengths in trying to turn her around. Culminating in her committing to a selfless act of her own, following Shido's example. All of this really makes Miku one of the better-rounded characters. And I'm looking forward to seeing to what capacity she'll be used in the future, now that she's on their side.
"Oh? You don't hate me anymore?" …
Oh. Right. The benefit of hindsight allows me to say all of that. But one thing I feel is important to note is that when I watched this for the first time, I was less than thrilled with her. I vividly remember a lot of my viewing experience with her being defiantly telling her to shut up. Of course, then Shido did it for me and I felt vindicated. And there's probably an article topic in there somewhere. But as much as we're supposed to sympathize with her, she's not initially meant to be liked.
She's very much a villain, at first. One who's haughty and condescending. Her cynicism has reached record highs and she is objectively wrong. But that's fine. Villains don't all have to be charismatic like Loki or have a point like Killmonger. As long as they're effective, whether or not they're likable is negligible. This can create complications for redemption arcs like hers if you do too good a job making them unlikable. But if they can somehow make Kurumi come off as redeemable, then I don't see why not Miku, who is far less of a psychopath. Though, to be fair, Kurumi's redeemability is kind of a cheat, given the whole "time clones" thing.
As for the fluff, the animation is excellent. I actually really love the visual style of it. The original artist of the Light Novel was actually the same as the one behind the Hyperdimension Neptunia series and it shows. There's this really distinctive quality to their faces, mostly in the eyes. But on top of that, the anime's style lends itself to a lot of really cool action sequences. As early as Episode 1, the show treats its audience to some fairly dynamic shots of action.
Another thing the animation helps with is the emotional core. The style actually lends itself incredibly well to characters having highly expressive faces. As such, when a moment needs to invoke a certain emotion, it's really good at it. When Tohka looks sad, it's quite clear. When she's happy, it's one of the most adorable things in the world. When she's angry, and I mean truly angry, you can practically feel it through the screen.
Woe, she has become death. Destroyer of worlds.
The show is also funny, though more in a typical outrageous Harem Comedy kind of way. Hardly any of it is especially clever. Though it does get a good laugh every now and then. Yes, there's a fair amount of fanservice and whatnot, but it's tame. As Harem Comedies go, actually, Date A Live's volume of fanservice is relatively low. It's very present, and not at all subtle when it is there. But the series seems to generally be more interested in other things, with the fanservice as almost an afterthought. As if it's there just to tick a box.
With that being said, the series does have its fair share of more important flaws. I already mentioned this problem to some extent, but some of the girls seem a bit superfluous. Yoshino, for example, is just kinda there. The only justification for her continuing to be there is that she's cute and provides a fair few of both cute and funny moments. The Yamai Twins are in the same boat. And what it ultimately comes down to is a bunch of them more or less just being there to check off archetypes common (nay, required in some cases) in the Harem Genre. That isn't to say they're unwelcome additions to the cast. But let's be honest. As much as this show tries to be a "Balanced Harem," it isn't. Tohka has a very clear lead and everyone not named Tohka occupies various tiers beneath her. With the very debatable exception of Origami.
I would like to see a little more done with these other characters. And I can only hope it'll wind up going that way in the future. Much like my wishes for Miku. But we'll have to see. Speaking of Miku and, in fact, the majority of Season 2, the show ran into some pacing issues there. A lot of this can easily be attributed to the season only running for 10 episodes. As such much of the narrative just felt rushed. It managed to correct the problem in the final few episodes. But there was a lot going on and some things probably could've used a little more time in the oven.
By absolute contrast, Season 1 actually had a few lulls that hurt the pacing of the show in the opposite direction. Or, rather, Season 1 had a few episodes in which their individual pacing was… off. One could be forgiven, for example, for not being especially hooked in the first two episodes. They were fairly slow and didn't really get into the high concept until Episode 3, which I genuinely believe is excellent. Then, some of the episodes in the latter half, after Kurumi is introduced proper, felt a bit rushed in pacing, as well.
Wait. No. PLEASE don't do that.
Despite all that, I love Date A Live. Some of the characters operate on really suspect logic. Many of them are fairly shallow and exist almost solely to be archetypes. And it's not exactly a deeply introspective or compelling drama, with particularly thought-provoking ideas. It is everything one expects it to be. But also stands head-and-shoulders above many of its peers.
It's not at all lazy in the aesthetics, being pretty to look at and, at times, downright beautiful. It delivers visually striking and dynamic action sequences. The characters (most of them) are likable or at least engaging and entertaining. The ones that they do take the time to explore are especially well-handled. Kurumi may well be Best Girl, but Tohka is easily the best character in the show. Helped by her consistent characterization, her ongoing (albeit subtle) character growth, and also just how darn cute she is.
If that doesn't make your heart melt, we can't be friends. I'm sorry.
There's not much more to say. Date A Live is a favorite of mine. Pretty much the series that helped me to define Junk Food. It's flawed, and not really going out of its way to be remarkably different. But it doesn't have to be incredibly deep. It's fine just being extremely enjoyable with its stylistic packaging, likable characters, and fun delivery. It also has a lot more heart than many others of its ilk and that really helps to elevate it.
I absolutely cannot wait for the upcoming third season. The show doesn't adapt everything from across all of the media in the franchise. So it'll be interesting to see what they decide to focus on next. In the meantime, though, Date A Live is available to stream on Crunchyroll. Go forth and check it out.
That's all I've got for ya here. As always, thanks for reading, folks. Keep up the awesome.
C. Voyage
Commentary, Flash Anime-tion
Anime, Date A Live, FlashAnimetion, Retrospective, review, Writing
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Saint-Éliph é uma comuna francesa na região administrativa do Centro, no departamento Eure-et-Loir. Estende-se por uma área de 23,81 km².

Comunas de Eure-et-Loir

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Bathroom Side Cabinet. Bathroom Side Cabinets Vanity Storage Regarding Cabinet Ideas 18. Fresca Torino Gray Oak Tall Bathroom Linen Side Cabinet FST6260GO Regarding Plan 12. Fresca 39 Inch Espresso Bathroom Linen Side Cabinet Large Mirror Door With Regard To Idea 1. 12 Fresca Torino FST6260WH Tall Bathroom Linen Side Cabinet Inside Idea 7. 78 Best Wall Hung Vanity Units Images On Pinterest Bathroom Inside Side Cabinet Prepare 19. China Bathroom Side Cabinets Nordic Style Vanity Wall In Cabinet Idea 11. Side Cabinets Offer Discreet Storage In Your Bathroom Cabinet Plan 0.
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Soothing stripes, complementary tones and mixed materials combine for a crisp, modern rug. Redolent of an ocean side boardwalk, gorgeous contrasting shades of beige, brown and white create an inviting comfort. Boardwalk White is available in our standard sizes of 3x5, 6x9, 8x10, 9x12, 10x14 and 12x16. Custom sizes, runners, squares and rounds available; contact us or Request a Quote for more information.


Canada: 1851, 12d. black an unused horizontal pair from the foot of the sheet.
bl.uk > Online Gallery Home	> Online exhibitions	> Philatelic rarities	> Canada: 1851, 12d. black an unused horizontal pair from the foot of the sheet.
The first issue of stamps for the colony of Canada was made in 1851 and comprised 3d., 6d. and 12d. values.
One shilling was not used as the face value as it had in local currency more than one meaning of value. In New England 1/- meant sixteen and two-thirds cents which was equal to 10d. In New York shilling meant twelve and a half cents equalling seven pence halfpenny. Thus twelve pence offered no misunderstanding.
Out of 51,000 of the 12d. black that were printed about 130 copies are believed to exist today and only five unused pairs.


I now officially work in a super hipster man cave.
I attended a Vanilla Ice concert this week, and it was both an exhilarating and terrifying experience.
I may have stolen that from "Parks and Rec."
One active shooter class was enough to have me browsing pricy security systems and thinking about adopting another Rottweiler.
Better cell phone service in our future?
City looks at cell towers, telephone pole antennae.


You can do it !! Just keep trying.
I have smoked for 14-15 years and When I started quitting I slipped up majorly brought a pack spent the day trying to smoke them cause I was quitting for sure the next day. Next day I had 3-4 didn't have anymore then the next day I was so proud I didn't have any at all it's not that easy but it's not that hard either I downloaded a heap of apps to help me and tried keeping busy on my phone I still get cravings some not so strong some very strong but I distract myself and push through them.
Just have to be Positive and know you don't want the smoke refuse the smokes and just say I don't like it I don't want it. Life is so much better without them health wise money wise relationship wise the lot and you can do it if you keep trying. This is my 3rd attempt and I'm going to do it.


text:
Art Schools In New York
New York has 113 accredited art schools where art faculty who teach art classes can find employment. The following statistics and charts help analyze the current state of the art academic community in New York, and the future trends in art training at the following levels:
South Ave, Garden City, New York 11530-0701
One Saxon Drive, Alfred, New York 14802-1205
N/A U.S. News National University Ranking
Bard College
Annandale-On-Hudson, New York 12504-5000
Barnard College
3009 Broadway, New York, New York 10027-6598
Briarcliffe College
1055 Stewart Ave, Bethpage, New York 11714-3545
Bryant and Stratton College-Amherst Campus
Audubon Business Centre, 40 Hazelwood Drive, Amherst, New York 14228
Bryant and Stratton College-Syracuse North
8687 Carling Rd, Liverpool, New York 13090
2001 Main St, Buffalo, New York 14208-1098
Cayuga County Community College
197 Franklin St, Auburn, New York 13021-3099
Cazenovia College
22 Sullivan St, Cazenovia, New York 13035
13 Oak Dr, Hamilton, New York 13346-1398
West 116 St and Broadway, New York, New York 10027
4 U.S. News National University Ranking
Columbia-Greene Community College
4400 Rte 23, Hudson, New York 12534
Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art
7 East 7th Street, New York, New York 10003-7120
15 U.S. News National University Ranking
Corning Community College
1 Academic Dr, Corning, New York 14830
CUNY Brooklyn College
2900 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, New York 11210
CUNY College of Staten Island
2800 Victory Blvd, Staten Island, New York 10314
CUNY City College
160 Convent Ave, New York, New York 10031
CUNY Graduate School and University Center
365 Fifth Ave, New York, New York 10016
CUNY Hunter College
695 Park Ave, New York, New York 10065
CUNY Kingsborough Community College
2001 Oriental Blvd, Brooklyn, New York 11235-2398
CUNY LaGuardia Community College
31-10 Thomson Ave, Long Island City, New York 11101
CUNY Lehman College
250 Bedford Park Blvd W, Bronx, New York 10468
CUNY New York City College of Technology
300 Jay St, Brooklyn, New York 11201
CUNY Queens College
65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, New York 11367
CUNY York College
94-20 Guy R. Brewer Blvd, Jamaica, New York 11451
4380 Main St, Amherst, New York 14226-3592
Dowling College
150 Idle Hour Blvd, Oakdale, New York 11769-1999
Dutchess Community College
53 Pendell Rd, Poughkeepsie, New York 12601-1595
One Park Place, Elmira, New York 14901
Fashion Institute of Technology
227 W 27th St, New York, New York 10001-5992
Finger Lakes Community College
3325 Marvin Sands Drive, Canandaigua, New York 14424-8395
441 E Fordham Rd, Bronx, New York 10458
Fulton-Montgomery Community College
2805 State Hwy 67, Johnstown, New York 12095-3790
Gemological Institute of America-New York
270 Madison Avenue 2nd Floor, New York, New York 10016-0601
One College Rd, Batavia, New York 14020
198 College Hill Rd, Clinton, New York 13323
Hartwick College
One Hartwick Drive, Oneonta, New York 13820-4020
Herkimer County Community College
100 Reservoir Rd, Herkimer, New York 13350-1598
Hobart William Smith Colleges
100 Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York 11549
1 Willard Ave, Houghton, New York 14744
Hudson Valley Community College
80 Vandenburgh Ave, Troy, New York 12180
953 Danby Rd, Ithaca, New York 14850-7002
525 Falconer St, Jamestown, New York 14701
SBI Campus-An Affiliate of Sanford-Brown
320 S Service Rd, Melville, New York 11747
141 Central Avenue, Keuka Park, New York 14478
Long Island University-Brooklyn Campus
University Plaza, Brooklyn, New York 11201-5372
Long Island University-C W Post Campus
720 Northern Blvd, Brookville, New York 11548-1300
2900 Purchase St, Purchase, New York 10577
3399 North Rd, Poughkeepsie, New York 12601
Marymount Manhattan College
221 E 71st St, New York, New York 10021-4597
555 Broadway, Dobbs Ferry, New York 10522
Mohawk Valley Community College-Utica Branch
1101 Sherman Dr, Utica, New York 13501-5394
1000 Hempstead Ave, Rockville Centre, New York 11571-5002
1000 E Henrietta Rd, Rochester, New York 14623
Nassau Community College
One Education Dr, Garden City, New York 11530-6793
4245 East Ave, Rochester, New York 14618-3790
The College of New Rochelle
29 Castle Pl, New Rochelle, New York 10805-2339
66 W 12th Street, New York, New York 10011-8603
70 Washington Sq South, New York, New York 10012-1091
Niagara County Community College
3111 Saunders Settlement Rd, Sanborn, New York 14132
New York Institute of Technology
Northern Blvd, Old Westbury, New York 11568-8000
New York School of Interior Design
170 East 70th Street, New York, New York 10021
Onondaga Community College
4585 West Seneca Turnpike, Syracuse, New York 13215-4585
Pace University-New York
1 Pace Plaza, New York, New York 10038-1598
Pratt Institute-Main
200 Willoughby Ave, Brooklyn, New York 11205
110 8th St, Troy, New York 12180-3590
2301 Westside Dr, Rochester, New York 14624
1 Lomb Memorial Dr, Rochester, New York 14623-5603
203 Wallis Hall, Rochester, New York 14627-0011
Rockland Community College
145 College Rd, Suffern, New York 10901
The Sage Colleges
65 1st Street, Troy, New York 12180
St Lawrence University
23 Romoda Drive, Canton, New York 13617
432 Western Ave, Albany, New York 12203-1490
Saint Thomas Aquinas College
125 Rte 340, Sparkill, New York 10976-1050
815 N Broadway, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866
St. John's University-New York
8000 Utopia Pky, Queens, New York 11439
Sullivan County Community College
112 College Road, Loch Sheldrake, New York 12759-5151
SUNY College of Agriculture and Technology at Cobleskill
Cobleskill, New York 12043
SUNY at Albany
1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222
SUNY at Binghamton
Vestal Pky E, Binghamton, New York 13902-6000
3435 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14214
Stony Brook, New York 11794
350 New Campus Dr, Brockport, New York 14420-2919
SUNY College at Buffalo
1300 Elmwood Ave, Buffalo, New York 14222
SUNY College at Cortland
Cortland, New York 13045-0900
280 Central Ave, Fredonia, New York 14063-1136
SUNY at Geneseo
1 College Circle, Geneseo, New York 14454-1465
State University of New York at New Paltz
1 Hawk Drive, New Paltz, New York 12561-2443
SUNY College at Oneonta
Ravine Parkway, Oneonta, New York 13820-4015
SUNY College at Oswego
7060 State Route 104, Oswego, New York 13126
Pierrepont Ave, Potsdam, New York 13676-2294
SUNY at Purchase College
735 Anderson Hill Rd, Purchase, New York 10577-1400
SUNY College at Plattsburgh
101 Broad Street, Plattsburgh, New York 12901-2681
One Union Ave, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866-4391
Syracuse, New York 13244-5040
Tompkins Cortland Community College
170 North St, Dryden, New York 13053-0139
Ulster County Community College
491 Cottekill Rd, Stone Ridge, New York 12484
Union College in Schenectady
807 Union St, Schenectady, New York 12308-2311
124 Raymond Ave, Poughkeepsie, New York 12604
240 Pine Ridge Rd, Buffalo, New York 14225-3999
One Campus Rd, Staten Island, New York 10301-4495
Wells College
170 State Rte 90, Aurora, New York 13026-0500
SUNY Westchester Community College
75 Grasslands Road, Valhalla, New York 10595
Wood Tobe-Coburn School
8 E 40th St, New York, New York 10016-0190
The Art Institute of New York City
11-17 Beach Street, New York, New York 10013
111 Franklin St, New York, New York 10013-2911
Suffolk County Community College
533 College Rd, Selden, New York 11784-2899
Bryant and Stratton College-Henrietta
1225 Jefferson Rd, Rochester, New York 14623
Studio Jewelers
32 E 31 St, New York, New York 10016-4112
209 E 23rd St, New York, New York 10010
Art Schools in New York City, NY17 Schools
Art Schools in Rochester, NY6 Schools
Art Schools in Buffalo, NY4 Schools
Art Schools in Troy, NY3 Schools
Art Schools in Poughkeepsie, NY3 Schools
Art Schools in Syracuse, NY2 Schools
Art Schools in Albany, NY2 Schools
Art Schools in Garden City, NY2 Schools
Art Schools in Ithaca, NY2 Schools
Art Schools in Saratoga Springs, NY2 Schools
Art Schools in Oneonta, NY2 Schools
Art Schools in Cobleskill, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Liverpool, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Canandaigua, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Johnstown, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Oswego, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Geneva, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Dobbs Ferry, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Keuka Park, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Valhalla, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Clinton, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Jamestown, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in New Rochelle, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Schenectady, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Hamilton, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Houghton, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Suffern, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Stone Ridge, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Herkimer, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Alfred, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Sparkill, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Hudson, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Utica, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Corning, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in New Paltz, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Canton, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Hempstead, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Potsdam, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Elmira, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Old Westbury, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Rockville Centre, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Plattsburgh, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Batavia, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Bethpage, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Auburn, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Fredonia, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Melville, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Aurora, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Oakdale, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Cazenovia, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Selden, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Cortland, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Geneseo, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Stony Brook, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Dryden, NY1 Schools
Art Schools in Brockport, NY1 Schools
New York Vs. National Art Employment
New York 10,050
National 78,930
Approximately 11% of the country's art professionals work in New York state.
Employment Growth for Art professionals In New York
In New York, art is a growing field. In New York, 920 more art professionals were working in 2010, than there were in 2006. This represents a 22% growth in the field. This growth is faster than the change in the number of art professionals around the country. Nationally, the number of art professionals has shrunk by 2% from 2006 to 2010.
Art VS. All Professions salaries in New York
Light Blue: Art
As the number of art professionals is growing, the salaries paid to art professionals are increasing in New York. The mean salary for art professionals in 2006 was $52,813 per year. And in 2010 the mean salary was $55,610 per year.
Salary percentiles for Art professionals in New York
Thus, there was a 5% growth in art professionals' salaries. State trends for all professions mirror this growth. There is a 204% pay differential between the highest paid art professionals and those in the bottom 10% of the pay bracket. Thus, there is huge variation in pay, within the field of art in New York.
Average Salaries for Art professionals and related professions in New York
Animation $59,877
Art $70,104
Film $36,442
In New York, art professionals make, on average, less than their counterparts in related professions.
Art programs available for each degree type for all schools in New York
bachelor 180
The number of students graduating from the 113 accredited art schools in New York is increasing. In 2006 there were 6,661 art graduates from art courses in New York and in 2010 there were 7,121 graduates.
Thus there was a 7% percent increase in the number of art school degree or certificate graduates in New York. 52% of these graduates received a bachelor's degree in art.
Art Faculty Salaries in New York
We are now in the process of collecting data for the number of art faculty in New York, growth in the field of art academia and art faculty salaries in New York. Please enter your information in the form below if you are involved in teaching art courses to students at the certificate in art, associates degree in art, bachelors degree in art, masters degree in art, and doctoral degree in art levels This will help us build a valuable free database resource for the benefit of current and future faculty in the field of art in New York. All information you submit will be anonymous. Once you submit your information, you will get a chance to see an overview of what we have learned thus far from you and your peers.
New York Schools
Design Schools in New York
Drafting Schools in New York
Film Schools in New York
Graphic Design Schools in New York
Visual Communications Schools in New York
Web Design Schools in New York
Animation Schools in New York
Schools in Connecticut
Schools in Massachusetts
Schools in New Jersey
Schools in Pennsylvania
Schools in Vermont


text:
Endesa launches the second phase of its social support plan against Covid: 5,000 computers for vulnerable students from 160 towns and cities
The project, which starts in Ceuta, will cover Melilla and eight other autonomous communities, and deliver computers and provide digital training courses to almost 500 state schools.
Endesa's has invested two million euros in this initiative as part of its €25 million Responsibility Plan against Covid19.
Endesa has begun to deliver the nearly 5,000 computers and internet connection cards to students in vulnerable situations as part of its project to tackle the digital divide caused by the COVID pandemic. In addition, both students and teachers will receive training in digital skills through this agreement with 160 Spanish towns and cities. Endesa, through the education departments and town and city councils in places where it carries out its power plant generation activity most intensively, seeks to minimise the risk the digital divide poses for students in vulnerable situations. Bridging this gap entails social and health benefits for the population by allowing a telepresence in schools.
The distribution of computers and internet connections has begun in Ceuta and will extend to Melilla, Andalusia, the Canary Islands, the Balearic Islands, Catalonia, Castilla y León, Aragón, Galicia and Extremadura over the coming weeks. In total, 5,000 students from about 500 state schools will benefit, with 800 teachers also receiving training in digital skills. Through this programme, up to 64,000 students in total will benefit from this curricular training of their teachers during the school year. The project represents a two million-euro investment that Endesa has made in those who, since the arrival of the Covid 19 pandemic, have suffered the most from its consequences.
María Malaxechevarría, Endesa's General Director of Sustainability, explains: "This project is meeting the target the company set itself in March in its Public Responsibility Plan, to provide aid where and in the form it is most needed. After the purchase of health materials and basic necessities, the socio-economic reactivation of the entire country is now required, ensuring, as we have always said, that no one is left behind in this transition we are undergoing".
The second phase of Endesa's Public Responsibility Plan will see an investment of 13 million euros, in addition to the 12 million euros that the Company made in March in Phase One of its plan.
That first investment was mainly used for the purchase of medical supplies to support the entities that were fighting directly against Covid at the time. For example, in the Autonomous City of Ceuta, Endesa donated 20,000 masks that were used to serve the most vulnerable population.
The second phase of Endesa's Public Responsibility Plan seeks to address the digital divide that the global pandemic has exposed. The Company has designed an aid plan that is based on two well-defined axes: families and economic activation.
Endesa Families
Endesa is working to reduce the digital divide between children and young people from different economic environments when education becomes virtual and specific tools are needed to access classrooms. In total, Endesa will reach almost 500 public schools in 160 Spanish municipalities, allowing some 5,000 students to access digital tools that allow them to continue their education.
Employment is another of the most pressing needs to emerge from this crisis, which is why training in this second phase of Endesa's Responsibility Plan has become a fundamental concern. To this end, Endesa has set up training courses to provide access to the job market, carrying out programmes to promote employability in groups that are vulnerable to unemployment as a result of the pandemic, through support, training and skills development.
Endesa Activa
Economic reactivation is another of the axes of the second phase of Endesa's Responsibility Plan. The Company has promoted measures that will revitalise the Spanish business fabric, through:
Advice, digitisation and financial support for SMEs, the cornerstone of our business fabric. The crisis has highlighted the need to continue supporting the sectors financially hardest-hit by the health crisis and lockdown, through the creation of new, innovative ways of interacting.
Specific local revitalisation plans through collaborations with organisations and institutions specialising in individualised mentoring of companies that allow them to adapt to the post-Covid situation and ensure their survival. Endesa is deeply linked to areas that need, more than ever, specific plans adapted to the idiosyncrasies of each area.
With this second phase, the company is looking to amplify a message that forms part of its global strategy: the need to leave no one behind, in any energy, economic or social transition that may arise.
Download this press release


You notice those mysterious white spots on your fingernails, yet again, and you search for means to hide it. But have you wondered why they occur?
Mild injury or trauma to the nail bed: Banging or bending the nail while moving your hand may develop a spot that shows up long after u have forgotten about it.
Underlying infection: Like fungus, yeast or mold. These kinds of spots develop at the tip of the nail or near the cuticle.
Allergic reaction: It may be caused by an allergic reaction to the nail color or the nail color remover that you are using.
Nutritional deficiency: It may be due to calcium or zinc deficiency.
If you notice these spots rarely, and if they are not accompanied by any other symptoms, then treatment is not necessary. They will disappear as the nails grow out. If they reappear frequently, then you may need medical attention.


text:
Automating the bank's back office
July 1, 2012 | Article
By Joao Dias, Debasish Patnaik, Enrico Scopa, and Edwin van Bommel
Article (PDF -1MB)
The dream of achieving rapid, large-scale process automation is becoming a reality for some banks. Competitors cannot afford to miss the opportunity to transform their own back-office processes.
Article (PDF-1MB)
Banks have enhanced many of their customer-facing, front-end operations with digital solutions. Online banking, for example, offers consumers enormous convenience, and the rise of mobile payments is slowly eliminating the need for cash. But too many processes at banks still rely on people and paper. Often, back offices have thousands of people processing customer requests.
This high degree of manual processing is costly and slow, and it can lead to inconsistent results and a high error rate. IT offers solutions that can rescue these back-office procedures from needless expense and errors.
Our research indicates that a significant opportunity exists to increase the levels of automation in back offices. By reworking their IT architecture, banks can have much smaller operational units run value-adding tasks, including complex processes, such as deal origination, and activities that require human intervention, such as financial reviews.
IT-enabling operations encompasses both automating processes (preventing customers from using paper, digitizing work flows, and automating or supporting decision making) and using IT solutions to manage residual operations that must be carried out manually (for example, using software for resource planning). By taking full advantage of this approach, banks can often generate an improvement of more than 50 percent in productivity and customer service.
Some banks are already taking steps toward harnessing the considerable potential of this opportunity. For example, one large universal bank categorized its 900-plus end-to-end processes into three ideal states: fully automated, partially automated, and "lean" manual. This bank determined that 85 percent of its operations, accounting for 80 percent of the current full-time employees (FTEs), could—theoretically—be at least partially automated. At the time of this analysis, fewer than 50 percent of these processes were automated at all. If an ideal level of automation were reached, then almost 50 percent of the FTEs in operations could be relieved of their current back-office tasks.
This scenario sounds promising, but achieving it is easier said than done. This bank then did some due diligence to determine whether there was a viable business case to automate each process within a reasonable time frame. It concluded that only half the opportunity (measured by the automation business cases completed on each manual process) could actually be captured. Several barriers led to this conclusion.
Four obstacles to change
Banks have rarely taken a hard look at their procedures. Enabling growth or launching new products has traditionally been their priority, achieved by adding new layers of product features and procedural requirements. This lack of procedural rigor has yielded highly complex business processes that prove very hard to automate.
Mergers and acquisitions, product launches, and regulatory changes have left many banks with a complicated IT architecture. Redesigning entrenched systems can take up to five years and cost hundreds of millions of dollars. Banks must invest substantial capital and run the risk that, should the solution miss the mark or take too long to implement, the market may have moved on before the new system goes live.
IT departments may have different agendas and lack the necessary understanding of business priorities. They typically discuss IT changes in a "black box" of architectural conversation and therefore fail to grasp the full spectrum of integration options. IT architects and solution designers, for example, may be inclined to use legacy techniques or to select the most technically exciting solutions, while IT vendors and system integrators have no incentive to reduce the complexity of the integration or the effort it requires.
Banks often lack the internal capabilities to introduce more automated processes. IT departments have historically been trained to use waterfall methodologies1 when developing big projects. These methodologies1 1. The waterfall model is a sequential software-development process in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downward—like a waterfall—through the phases of conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing, and maintenance. are appropriate for developing and maintaining the traditional mainframe environments in which banks still run their core banking systems, but they are not optimally suited to automating business processes rapidly.
Faced with these challenges, few banks have had the appetite for reengineering their operations-related IT systems. Given the relatively strong growth banks experienced before the recession, most did not have to change their business processes. Now, however, the new economics of banking requires much lower back-office costs. And with regulators and consumers pressuring banks for greater transparency, better credit and portfolio risk management, and heavily expedited data processing for customer accounts, bank leaders are realizing they must take a different approach.
A new way to IT-enable banking operations
Some banks are experimenting with rapid-automation approaches and achieving promising results. These trials have proved that automating end-to-end processes, which used to take 12 to 18 months or more, is doable in 6 months, and with half the investment typically required.
A European bank recently decided to automate its account-switching process. First, a team of IT, operations, and business-process experts analyzed existing processes from customer, efficiency, and risk perspectives. The analysis uncovered several issues: more than 70 percent of the applications were paper based, and of those, 30 to 40 percent contained errors and required reworking; applications often got stuck in one data-verification step for more than five days before being processed; and because of a lack of any IT integration, branch and back-office staff had to enter data manually from several systems into the work flow.
The team then defined what it wanted the process to look like, giving priority to operational and business impact (for instance, how much labor could be saved through automation) and to feasibility (such as how many new interfaces or changes to legacy systems would be required). The team focused on simplifying the process steps and procedural requirements at each stage—streamlining the information required from the customer and eliminating redundant verification steps—to reduce the complexity of the IT solution.
Using this design, the team carefully evaluated the possible integration options. It decided to use a combination of business-process-management software and electronic forms, in addition to the legacy systems, to create an automated and digitized work flow that did not significantly change existing IT systems. Daily huddles and weekly builds,2 2. Weekly builds: generation of complete functional packages of software code on a weekly basis. By breaking down the development cycle into weekly builds, IT developers can get testers' and users' feedback much more frequently, thus avoiding large rework efforts. which were immediately tested by users, ensured that the solution met the requirements and kept users engaged.
As a result, the amount of time back-office staff spent handling account changeovers fell by 70 percent; the time customers needed to adjust to the switch was reduced by more than 25 percent. The cost-benefit ratio for this project was also significantly better than it had been in previous automation efforts: the project generated a return on investment of 75 percent and payback in just 15 months.
This European bank's experience illustrates three principles that make success more likely when automating operations:
Consider business priorities to simplify the process. Automating inefficiencies or unnecessary product features embedded in historical processes is pointless. By first defining the best processes from customer, business, and risk perspectives—taking a lean approach to process design—banks can significantly reduce what actually needs to be automated, which in turn lessens the cost, risk, and implementation time. A truly cross-functional team consisting of operations, IT, and business experts, as well as strong project governance, is required to design and enforce such optimal end-to-end solutions. The involvement of top management across multiple functions—operations, retail, and IT, for instance—is also essential.
Use multiple integration technologies and approaches. The right mix of integration solutions, backed by a solid evaluation of each solution's time to market and contribution to architectural complexity, enables banks to automate most of their manual interventions without rewriting or substituting legacy architectural building blocks. For example, banks are successfully creating work flow systems by overlaying business-process-management tools that connect separate legacy systems, which in turn eliminates manual data entry and related errors across end-to-end processes. This evaluation is not straightforward, however, and requires a thorough understanding of what the market for integration solutions has to offer.
Prepare the IT shop for agile-development methods. To achieve rapid development cycles and use off-the-shelf solutions successfully, IT departments must build skills beyond their traditional capabilities. In particular, they should hire or train people who can assess the software market and apply the right solutions, as well as develop systems in-house; who can run agile or iterative development projects; and who are capable of working seamlessly with business and operations counterparts.
As some banks experiment with this rapid-automation approach, and the impact of initial pilots resounds throughout the organization, IT and operations teams will feel pressured to integrate all end-to-end and back-office processes. All too often, however, efforts to scale up these initiatives are short lived. IT architecture teams, concerned that they will not master unfamiliar integration solutions, or that additional efforts will make the IT landscape even more complex, may react warily. Meanwhile, operations and business personnel push to automate everything everywhere as soon as possible, without proper planning and evaluation. These pressures spread IT teams too thin, diverting their attention from the largest areas of opportunity. Because such projects are carried out much more quickly than traditional development efforts, IT departments struggle to set up the necessary infrastructure on time, and the teams are not focused on the value or necessity of additional features.
To overcome these obstacles, banks must design and orchestrate automation-transformation programs that prioritize and sequence initiatives for maximum impact on business and operations. They also need to define a target IT architecture (both applications and infrastructure) that uses a variety of integration solutions while maintaining a system's integrity.
Successful large-scale automation programs need much more than a few successful pilots. They require a deep understanding of where value originates when processes are IT enabled; careful design of the high-level target operating model and IT architecture; and a concrete plan of attack, supported by a business case for investment.
Another European bank launched a strategic initiative to shrink its cost base and increase competitiveness through superior customer service. Upon completion of the first successful pilots, the bank's automation program consisted of three phases.
In phase one, the bank examined ten macro end-to-end business processes, including retail-account opening and wholesale customer service requests, to identify the automation potential and to prioritize efforts.
In phase two, the architecture was designed and a plan of attack formulated. The bank took three critical actions:
It decided which processes would be fully automated, partially automated, or fully manual, based on four key tests. The tests determined whether a process was too complex to automate (for example, deal origination and structuring), whether regulation required human intervention (for instance, the financial-review process), whether or not the process was self-contained (that is, dependent on multiple customer or third-party interactions), and whether manual touch points added value to the customer relationship (for example, product inquiries).
It designed the building blocks of the target application architecture, which consisted of legacy systems and off-the-shelf applications, as well as the IT infrastructure requirements, to provide timely and necessary computing and storage.
It derived a design-based holistic business case for the automation program and defined the rollout plan.
In phase three, the bank implemented the new processes in three- to six-month waves, which included a detailed diagnostic and solution design for each process, as well as the rollout of the new automated solution.
This approach helped the bank to deliver business and operational benefits rapidly and successfully. The program paid for itself by the second year and kept implementation risks under control.
Rapid process automation in banking used to be a fantasy. But in a world marked by financial and economic woes, banks need to find faster, more economical, and lower-risk approaches to reducing costs and improving customer service. Fortunately, the market for integration support solutions and alternative IT-development approaches has become more reliable over the past ten years, unlocking the key to rapid, large-scale automation of business processes. Banks cannot afford to miss the opportunity to automate now.
Joao Dias is a principal in McKinsey's Cologne office, Debasish Patnaik is an associate principal in the London office, Enrico Scopa is a principal in the Prague office, and Edwin van Bommel is a principal in the Amsterdam office.
Overhauling banks' IT systems
Tackling the roots of underperformance in banks' IT
Why business needs should shape IT architecture


A Widget you can use to show a Redux Time Travel UI. Simply put it in a part of your UI that makes sense (Such as a Dev Tools Drawer), pass it a DevToolsStore and you'll be good to go!
Note: This Widget does not work with a normal Redux Store. It is meant to work with the redux_dev_tools package, which provides a DevToolsStore. The DevToolsStore is a drop-in replacement for your Store during Development!
Create a ReduxDevTools widget, passing through the Store. You can place this Widget wherever makes sense in your app! One good suggestion: In a "Dev Tools Drawer." This is generally the endDrawer in your Scaffold, and can contain different types of tools for a Dev Build of your app.
This example paints only a broad outline of how to use the ReduxDevTools. For a complete example, see the example folder.
All of this is inspired by the original Redux Devtools.
Add ReduxDevToolsContainer. See changes to your reducers in real time! If this Widget wraps your app, your app will automatically rerun all actions in the DevToolsStore through your reducers on Hot Reload.
Add license to satisfy Pub.
Initial version, includes a ReduxDevTools Widget that allows you to time travel through the states of your DevToolsStore. Requires Dart redux and redux_dev_tools.
// pull in any dev dependencies!
// In addition, it will not create a Dev Drawer.
line 132 col 21: 'child' is deprecated and shouldn't be used.
line 182 col 19: 'child' is deprecated and shouldn't be used.


text:
Q: Asynchronous memory streaming approach: which of the following? I am working on solution which uses asynchronous memory streaming and I am thinking about right approach for implementing such. Which one is more convenient? The first, simple:
//First approach: linear async
private async static Task WriteToStreamFirstVariant()
{
    MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
    byte[] data = new byte[256];
    try
    {
        await memoryStream.WriteAsync(data, 0, data.Length);
    }
    catch(Exception exception)
    {
        //Handling exception
    }
    finally
    {
        memoryStream.Dispose();
    }
}

Or the second with nested tasks and closures?
//Second approach: nested tasks async
private async static Task WriteToStreamSecondVariant()
{
    await Task.Run(async () =>
    {
        byte[] data = new byte[256];
        using (MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream())
        {
            await memoryStream.WriteAsync(data, 0, data.Length)
                .ContinueWith((Task writingTask) =>
                {
                    //Handling exceptions
                    AggregateException exceptions = writingTask.Exception;
                });
        }
    });
}

A: The fact is that MemoryStream's Read/WriteAsync methods don't actually provide any kind of true asynchronous implementation. All they do is perform the operation synchronously and return an already completed Task. Therefore there is no benefit to calling the async methods when you know it's a MemoryStream. In fact, it's just completely unnecessary overhead.
Now, forgetting that for a second just to answer your question on style, the first approach is better one because you don't allocate/schedule a new Task unnecessarily (e.g. with Task::Run), but I don't know why you wouldn't just use a using() statement in that approach. So here's the cleanest/simplest IMHO:
private async static Task WriteToStreamFirstVariantSimplified()
{
    using(MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream())
    {
        byte[] data = new byte[256];

        try
        {
            await memoryStream.WriteAsync(data, 0, data.Length);
        }
        catch(Exception exception)
        {
            //Handling exception
        }
   }
}


Glam it up whilst enjoying SBS coverage of Eurovision Song Content 2016 in the Drag Bar at Daylesford Hotel.
Lance DeBoyle, the ultimate "Mr Showmanship" will be hosting all three nights with karaoke competitions, prizes for best dressed guests and appearances by special guests including Gabriella Labucci.
Meals will be available as well as our famous cocktail jugs. So all you need to do is organise your fabulous costume darlings and prepare for 3 nights of singing, fireworks, air machines and key changes.


Discovering that you need dialysis is, of course, a daunting prospect. But with over 23,000 adults on dialysis in the UK each year and almost 470,000 in the United States, you are certainly not alone.
At INGA Wellbeing we are delighted that our adapted clothing has been able to support many patients having dialysis and building on their feedback, as well as the tips and advice of patient support groups and individual patients active on social media, we have put together a list of things to make your dialysis visits more comfortable.
While we believe that all this accumulated wisdom provides a great starting point, it is almost certainly not complete and we welcome your thoughts on other items or issues you think should be added. Please do leave a comment, or if you prefer to get in touch with us directly we'll share it with our followers.
It can get cold sitting for an average of four hours, with your blood circulating outside your body, so it is advised that patients wear warm clothes. Of course, at the same time, nurses need to be able to listen to your lungs and have access to your arms (and legs) in order to be able to measure your blood pressure and gain access to the fistula. Adapted clothing, such as our men's and women's wear, can be easily opened thanks to discreet snap tape running from the collar to the cuff and then closed again around the tubing so that you stay snug and warm. No need to wrestle with awkward high-street clothing, or bear the discomfort of clothes snagging and pulling. (There are also discreet openings in our trousers.) Taking off a layer or putting a layer back on is also a cinch with INGA Wellbeing.
A soft shawl or blanket and some socks (cashmere are a particular treat that will last a long while so make a good investment), and a hat are also recommended.
With so many stationery hours to fill on regular basis, you will have plenty of time for deep thoughts, to-do lists, drawing or simply doodling and having a notebook to hand is very helpful. Other patients often also have some great tips or names and contact information that you may want to capture, along with questions to ask of your care team and the such. Of course these days, many of you might prefer to use an app on your smartphone for this purpose and that works well too, of course. Whatever you are most comfortable with. We are big fans of Trello to make lists of things to do as we go.
It might also help you to share what you're going through either as a blog, a tweet or a journal depending on the method you prefer. Loved ones can't understand exactly how it feels to be receiving dialysis unless you tell them.
Take some hand sanitiser, wipes or gel to keep your hands clean, and give anything 'suspicious' a wipe down. You will find you can relax more knowing you don't have to worry about germs.
Dialysis takes hours!! Some people use this as productive time to respond to emails etc and for others it is an opportunity to be alone with ones thoughts or to catch up on sleep. Some dialysis centres even arrange activities for their patients to join in during their visit.
For many, however, it is an opportunity to read a book or watch a film. Here are some ways to keep yourself entertained as you sit or lie down for dialysis.
Books – Finding a suitable book can be difficult as the 'blurb' doesn't always warn you of storylines you might rather avoid while you are struggling with ill health. Mr B's Bookshop has worked with us at INGA Wellbeing to create a list of books that make great mental mini-breaks, transporting patients out of hospital to other worlds. Please do take a look and consider benefitting from the wonderful discount offer if you buy the full selection. We'd love to also know of any page-turners that have taken you through dialysis.
Music – An MP3 or smart phone packed with just the right type of tunes can be the perfect distraction from the sights, sounds and smells of hospital. Indeed, a study of chronic pain patients showed that people who listened to music experienced less pain and nausea. So, consider creating a playlist – or better still, ask one of your friends or a family member to do it for you. They'll be only too happy to be useful. Different lists for different moods – relaxing, uplifting, calming. Let us know what songs work for you.
Colouring, crosswords or puzzles – Sodoku was the diversion of choice for INGA Wellbeing co-founder Claire's mum during her years of hospital appointments, though she admits she rarely went beyond the easy ones during treatments as brain fog settled in. Alongside Sodoku, playing cards or puzzle books can help to while away an hour or so, and there are some wonderful mindfulness colouring book for adults these days – turns out the kids were on to a good thing all this time!
Playing catch up – Prepare ahead by downloading a few films, documentaries or comedy classics to a smartphone, tablet or laptop and be transported in your mind to somewhere entirely different. Don't forget to pack a great pair of headphones so as not to disturb others. You might even consider investing in some that block out the noise and endless beeps of a dialysis unit. If you don't have a laptop, some centres have televisions.
Games and Apps – Time rushes by when you are engrossed in a great online game. Best to choose those that don't require WiFi as this is notoriously unreliable in most hospitals, but be sure to ask your centre if it is available. Ones we have tried, or others have recommended are Gummy drop, backgammon or wordscapes. You can also play/learn chess or become a gamer and design your own Minecraft world.
It's always worth taking some snacks though it is important to follow your dialysis diet guide for food and fluid intake.
Pillow and blanket – don't worry that you look like you're moving in! You are going to be sitting still for quite a while and home comforts can go a long way. A small pillow or favourite cushion will help you to find a good position and it is so much nicer to smell your own washing powder than the hospital cleaning fluids! A blanket is provided by most centers, but again you may find that you simply feel better with your own.
Find a good, reliable bag to take what you need to dialysis and leave it packed and ready in the closet. Over time, you will work out what are your must haves and what you can do without, so you'll have exactly what you need to hand. At INGA Wellbeing, we felt that a zippered, canvas tote bags, in natural or black, with an adjustable shoulder handle and two short handles that can be attached to beds or chairs would make patients' lives a little easier and created one that is perfect for carrying pumps as well as private possessions.
We really hope that this list has given you some good ideas and we would love to hear from you what worked well along with any other suggestions you might have. Please do follow us on Facebook, Instagram or Twitter for more ideas and suggestions that could help make those visits more tolerable.
All the very best to you from the team at INGA Wellbeing.