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The Sun All-Area High School Softball Teams
BIG SCHOOL
P - Alissa Humphrey, Gainesville, junior: The Sun's Co-Player of the Year, led the District 3-7A champion Hurricanes in the circle with a 19-5 record with a 0.29 ERA. In 167.1 innings, the Jacksonville commit had 325 strikeouts and only 18 walks with three no-hitters and 12 shutouts on the season. At the plate, she led the team in home runs (3), doubles (7) and runs batted in (20), and second on the team with hits (27), average (.325), walks (9) and on-base percentage (.426).
P - Hailey Raulerson, Santa Fe, senior: The Sun's Co-Player of the Year, went 12-6 on the mound with a 0.80 ERA for the 5A regional finalist Raiders. In 131.1 innings pitched, the University of North Florida signee had 98 strikeouts and 26 walks; threw six shutout innings as Santa Fe scored five runs in the seventh in a 5-1 regional semifinal win at Eustis; batted .303 with 30 RBIs with a fielding percentage of .967.
P - Daelynn Eatmon, Keystone Heights, sophomore: Went 10-3 for the Indians, 1.12 ERA with 149 strikeouts in 112 innings.
P - Cris'Deona Beasley, Columbia, senior: Went 10-5 for the Tigers with 1.40 ERA, 64 strikeouts in 100 innings pitched. Santa Fe College signee had two no-hitters. At the plate, batted .414 with five doubles, one home run and 17 RBIs.
C - Jaye Carter, Santa Fe, senior: Batted .405 for the 5A regional finalist Raiders with four doubles, two triples, 32 runs scored and 16 RBIs; in regional semifinal win at Eustis, had key two-run single as Santa Fe scored five runs in top of seventh.
C - Emma Rogel, Keystone Heights, freshman: Hit .438 with one double, 11 RBIs, 20 runs scored, 13 stolen bases.
INF - Drew Wrask, Buchholz, senior: Batted .491 with nine doubles, two home runs, 31 RBIs, walked 13 times for 9-13 Bobcats.
INF - Whitney Lee, Columbia, junior: Hit .373 with eight doubles, 17 RBIs, walked 11 times, .463 on base percentage, .955 fielding percentage.
INF - Lauren Hutcherson, Columbia, senior: Batted .415 with five doubles, one triple, 12 RBIs, walked 12 times, .951 fielding percentage.
INF - Dara Gaylard, Columbia, senior: Santa Fe College signee hit .370 with six doubles, three home runs, 23 RBIs.
INF - Riley Schnyder, Santa Fe, junior: Batted .330 with three doubles, 25 RBIs, 23 runs scored.
INF - Savannah Channell, Keystone Heights, senior: Hit .338 with seven doubles, one home run, 17 RBIs, 17 runs scored, .988 fielding percentage.
INF - Parris Wiggs, Gainesville, freshman: Led team in batting average (.404), on base percentage (.457), hits (40), triples (5), runs (17), slugging percentage (.566) and multi-base hits (13); also had six doubles and 18 RBIs; hit safely in 23 of 27 games.
OF - Jordan Bevington, Santa Fe, senior: Hit .369 with 38 runs scored and 12 RBIs; .987 fielding percentage.
OF - Kiley Channell, Keystone Heights, 8th grade: Batted .390 with seven doubles, 25 RBIs, 24 runs scored, 10 stolen bases, .988 fielding percentage.
OF - Ashton Palmer, Gainesville, senior: Missed six games with knee injury, batted .304 with one double, seven RBIs, six stolen bases, 11 runs scored.
OF - Talia Brown, Bradford, senior: Hit .392 with three doubles, two triples, three home runs, 20 RBIs, walked 22 times, .566 on base percentage.
UTIL - Ashton Ludwig, Keystone Heights, junior: Batted .449 with 15 stolen bases and 21 runs scored.
UTIL - Morgan Hoyle, Columbia, junior: Hit .479 with nine doubles, two triples, two home runs and 24 RBIs for the 14-9 Tigers; played both at third base and left field.
UTIL - Katherine Gray, Gainesville, junior: Primarily at second base, but also played at first base and outfield for the Hurricanes, hit .316 (batted .555 in state playoffs), had five consecutive hits in her last five at-bats.
DP - Dejah Williams, Eastside, junior: Batted .750 for season with two doubles, five triples, 24 RBIs, 12 runs scored and 20 stolen bases.
DP - Jaykyria Stanley, Newberry, sophomore: Hit .594 with four doubles, five home runs, 22 RBIs.
P - Madi Stewart, Santa Fe, freshman: Went 6-0 for the Raiders with 1.31 ERA in 32 innings pitched, with 34 strikeouts. At the plate, hit .304 with 13 RBIs.
P - Madi Mitzel, Keystone Heights, freshman: Went 3-4 for the Indians with 3.00 ERA in 46.2 innings pitched, with 38 strikeouts. At the plate, batted .306 with one double and four RBIs.
C - Reece Chasteen, Columbia, sophomore: Batted .365 with 5 doubles, 1 home run, 14 RBIs.
C - Brianna Boggs, Gainesville, sophomore: Had an outstanding season defensively for the Hurricanes, with a fielding percentage of .997 behind the plate; hit .238 with 6 doubles, 13 RBIs, walked 7 times.
INF - Aubrey Callum, Fort White, senior: Hit .400 with 5 doubles and 3 RBIs for Indians.
INF - Annalyn Burnham, Santa Fe, senior: Batted .280 with 1 double, 8 RBIs and 7 runs scored.
INF - Natasha Fox, Gainesville, senior: One of the toughest outs as Hurricane batter, batted .260 with 7 doubles, 10 RBIs; had 16-pitch and 10-pitch at-bats, including the district championship game in which she doubled and ultimately scored the winning run on a wild pitch.
INF - Courtney Robinson, Santa Fe, senior: Batted .309 with 3 doubles and 17 RBIs.
OF - Hannah McFarland, Bradford, freshman: Hit .408 with 7 doubles, 1 home run, 25 RBIs.
OF - Caroline Lewis, Columbia, junior: Batted .302 with three doubles and 9 RBIs.
OF - Lucy Giebeig, Columbia, junior: Hit .286 with 4 doubles, 9 RBIs.
OF - Jenna Smith, Buchholz, senior: Batted .367 with 11 RBIs.
OF - Khloe Banks, Buchholz, freshman: Hit .435 in 14 games played, with 2 doubles, 4 RBIs, 16 runs scored.
UTIL - Sapphire Strachan, Fort White, sophomore: Hit .360 with 2 doubles, 1 home run, 12 RBIs.
DP - Madison Hylton, Santa Fe, senior: Batted .315 with 2 doubles, 1 triple, 13 RBIs.
Columbia: Sofia Arata (So., RF); Fort White: Anissa Penniman (So., UTIL), Kailyn Suggs (Fr., C/UTIL); Newberry: Jana Abrams (Sr., P); Santa Fe: Emma Shiskin (Sr., OF).
Gene Findley, Santa Fe: Led the 22-7 Raiders to the Class 5A regional finals, advancing with an impressive 5-1 win at No. 2 Eustis, scoring five runs in the top of the seventh inning. Led by Co-Player of the Year in senior pitcher Hailey Raulerson, Santa Fe played a tight game against Brooksville Hernando in the regional final, losing 1-0 on a solo home run in the top of the seventh. Recognition also goes to Gainesville coach Chris Chronister, who had a great pitcher but offensively struggled all season, yet was able to capture district title and nearly beat 7A state finalist Creekside in the regional quarterfinals, losing 2-1.
SMALL SCHOOL
P - Darian Ingram, Trenton, sophomore: The Sun's Player of the Year, went 23-0 with a 0.40 ERA for the Class 1A state champions, 206 strikeouts in 139.2 innings pitched, only 42 walks, with an on-base percentage of .124; had 23 complete games and 12 shutouts; FAU commit.
P - Kensley Durrance, Bell, senior: Went 8-2 on season with 0.62 ERA for the Bulldogs, with 141 strikeouts in 90 innings pitched, only 28 walks, .129 on-base percentage.
P - Bria Hinkle, Chiefland, 8th grade: Went 13-5 on season with 1.67 ERA, 143 strikeouts and two no-hitters for 15-7 Indians.
P - Richelle McDonald, Lafayette, junior: Went 11-8 with 2.82 ERA and 111 strikeouts in 114 innings pitched for the Class 1A state semifinalist Hornets; at plate, batted .333 with five doubles, one triple and 8 RBIs.
C - Lillian Wilkerson, Trenton, sophomore: Hit .335 with six doubles and 25 RBIs for unbeaten Tigers.
C - Taylor Gettman, Williston, senior: Batted .395 with nine doubles, three home runs, 28 RBIs; signed with Santa Fe College.
INF - Hallie Bryant, Trenton, junior: Tigers' leadoff batter who hit .539 (55 hits) with 23 RBIs, 35 stolen bases, 43 runs scored for 1A state champions; USF commit.
INF - Macie Thomas, Chiefland, senior: Hit .486 with 13 doubles, two triples, four home runs and 27 RBIs for the Indians.
INF - Kamaya Cohen, Union County, junior: Batted .424 with four doubles, two triples, three home runs and 24 RBIs.
INF - Adrian Ingram, Trenton, sophomore: Hit .475 with four doubles, one triple and two home runs, 20 RBIs and 20 runs scored; FAU commit.
INF - Keeli Zingaro, Trenton, sophomore: Batted .439 with 11 doubles, two home runs and 35 RBIs.
INF - Taniah Bowers, Trenton, senior: Hit .309 with one double, 15 RBIs, 17 runs scored, 14 stolen bases; signed basketball scholarship with Santa Fe College.
OF - Jenny Lynn Johnson, Trenton, freshman: UF commit who batted .456 with five doubles, one triple, 33 RBIs, 33 runs scored, 16 stolen bases.
OF - Kensley Hamilton, Union County, senior: Batted .508 with 20 RBIs and 14 stolen bases.
OF - Jordan Douglas, Bell, freshman: Hit a team-best .421 with 11 RBIs, 22 runs scored, walked 10 times.
OF - Larah Medlin, Dixie County, senior: Batted .491 with one double, one triple, two home runs, 12 RBIs, 21 steals (in 21 attempts).
UTIL - Kylee Barry, Bell, senior: Outstanding athlete who played infield, outfielder and pitched; batted .329 with 10 doubles, one triple, 16 RBIs and 26 runs scored for the 20-6 1A regional semifinalists; had fielding percentage of .902 and went 4-0 in circle with .064 ERA for 32.2 innings pitched; signed softball scholarship with Division 2 Newberry College in South Carolina.
UTIL - Madison Reynolds, Williston, junior: Batted .511 for the Red Devils with 15 doubles, one triple, three home runs, 23 RBIs; Jacksonville commit.
UTIL - Tiffany Clark, Union County, junior: Hit .483 with three doubles, three triples, one home run, 36 RBIs, 12 stolen bases.
UTIL - Emily Barras, Trenton, junior: Hit .429 with two doubles, 21 RBIs, 23 runs scored, nine stolen bases.
DP - Jenna Holley, Bell, senior: Batted .352 for Bulldogs with 17 RBIs, walked 12 times; outstanding student with weighted 4.1 GPA while taking college classes.
DP - Starla Vaughn, Union County, freshman: Hit .441 with four doubles, one triple, one home run and 23 RBIs.
P - Madisyn Langford, Dixie County, freshman: Went 4-4 on season in circle with a 1.93 ERA, with 80 strikeouts in 65.1 innings pitched, with opponents hitting just .172.
P - Taria Liles, Bell, sophomore: Went 2-1 on the season for the Bulldogs with 2.90 ERA, 37 strikeouts in 29.0 innings pitched.
C - Carmin Wimberley, Dixie County, sophomore: Hit .341 for the 12-12 Bears with 5 doubles, 1 home run, 7 RBIs; threw out 10 of 20 steal attempts.
C - Michelle Heilig, Bell, freshman: Batted .321 with 3 doubles, 8 RBIs, walked 11 times.
C - Hope Surles, Bronson, junior: Hit team-best .333 with 1 double, 14 RBIs, 14 runs scored.
INF - Emma Hutto, Bell, freshman: Hit .297 with 9 RBIs, walked 7 times.
INF - Juliann Smith, Dixie County, freshman: Batted .362 with 22 RBIs, scored 27 runs, 12 steals (on 12 attempts).
INF - Bri Brower, Bronson, junior: Hit .295 with 9 RBIs, 12 runs scored.
INF - Nevaeh Hayes, Bronson, 7th grade: Batted .273 with 5 doubles, 1 triple, 23 RBIs.
INF - Grace Guthrie, Trenton, senior: Santa Fe College signee hit .250 with 5 doubles, 10 RBIs, 22 runs scored.
OF - Zoey Maksimov, Trenton, junior: Hit .317 with 2 doubles and 7 RBIs.
OF - Tristen Drummond, Chiefland, senior: Batted .329 with 10 doubles, 1 triple, 10 RBIs, 20 runs scored.
OF - Neomi Thomas, Bronson, junior: Hit .293 with 18 runs scored.
OF - Shalyn Parrish, Trenton, freshman: Batted .273 with 1 double, 14 RBIs, 9 runs scored.
UTIL - Aubrey Brown, Bell, junior: Hit .394 with 8 doubles, 1 home run, 25 RBIs.
UTIL - Jessica White, Bell, sophomore: Batted .349 with 4 doubles, 18 RBIs.
UTIL - Grace Quincey, Chiefland, 8th grade: Hit .320 with 2 doubles, 1 triple, 10 RBIs, scored 18 runs as leadoff batter.
UTIL - Nikki Fuller, Chiefland, freshman: Batted .366 with 6 doubles and 12 RBIs.
UTIL - Savannah Rodriguez, Bronson, 7th grade: Hit .298 with 1 double, 10 RBIs, 11 runs scored.
UTIL - Austine Howard, Bronson, 7th grade: Hit .318 with 2 doubles, 7 RBIs.
Bell: Jillian Cassube (Jr., OF), Presley Pauling (Jr., INF; Trenton: Mallory Coates (Jr., DP), Tatum Duthu (8th, OF).
Todd Bryant, Trenton
Led the Tigers to their first fastpitch state title, beating Sneads 7-3 to claim the Class 1A title and cap a perfect 27-0 season. In going unbeaten, Trenton had regular-season victories at 8A state semifinalist Oakleaf in Orange Park (8-3), ranked among nation's top 10 at the time, beat 7A Gainesville and Columbia in both meetings and won at 5A regional finalist Santa Fe. The Tigers avenged 2018's state final loss to Wewahitchka by beating the Gators in the state semifinals, 4-0, and held off a game Frostproof team on the road (4-2) in the regional finals. No. 1 in Class 1A pretty much all season, the Tigers finished ranked No. 6 in Florida for all classifications by MaxPreps.
The Gainesville Sun all-area teams, players of the year and coaches of the year were selected by high school sports editor Larry Savage with help from area coaches. If a team is not represented, it is because the coach did not respond to repeated emails sent to the school requesting information and numerous reminders in the newspaper.


The Water Garden is one of 11 gardens on the six-acre grounds.
Remember when nerd Todd (Bill Murray) would get his girlfriend Lisa (Gilda Radner) in a headlock and give her a noogie on "Saturday Night Live"? You couldn't help but smile. Well, visiting Gilda's Club Grand Rapids (gildasclubgr.org), a cancer and grief support community named after Radner, who died of ovarian cancer, has that same effect.
Pull up the winding driveway to Gilda's Club and as you get out of your car, listen to the birds singing in the tree canopy. As you near the clubhouse entrance, hear the fountain tumble water onto the pond's surface and stop to smell the surrounding herb bed. Already you start to feel better.
"That's what this place is all about," says John Brott, the Club's facilities director, as he sweeps his arm toward the fountain and other gardens. "The concept behind Gilda's Club is to feel like you've come to your best friend's house. No need to pretend, just come as you are." Brott points to an evergreen tree near the entrance that isn't doing well. "Our gardens aren't perfect, neither is life. We show people how to care for plants, and by doing that they can start to care for themselves." It's gardening as metaphor…by bringing plants that are hurting back to life you can learn how to bring parts of yourself that are hurting back to life. "Healing is all about getting the body, mind and spirit together," Brott explains.
Gilda's Club offers 200 free programs to the 650 people who come through each week, serving 15,000 people every year. There are 22 full-time staff with over 800 volunteers. "We strive to be community owned and driven. We survive completely on donations, serving people from 30 different counties. The clubhouse is 15,000 square feet, and the organization spent $1 million renovating the 120 year-old house when they bought the property 13 years ago.
"When we started to install our gardens about five years ago, we wanted them to be an extension of the clubhouse. We have 11 garden areas on six acres," Brott adds. In addition to the entrance pond, the grounds include a labyrinth, living wall, orchard, and the following types of gardens: rain, kids, evergreen, waterfall, butterfly and berry, plus a raised-bed teaching garden.
Brott, with a background in landscaping, had three goals when he planned the gardens: they would be for people of all ages, used to teach gardening skills, and reflect the club's multicultural members. He also wanted to provide a variety of outdoor spaces where people could find comfort. Some people are drawn to the soothing sounds of the waterfall garden, others find solace in the quiet of the multi-textured evergreen garden. For those coming off chemotherapy, there is a brightly flowered area with a bench just a few steps from the parking lot. In this spot, Brott was insistent about keeping the large, dead, oak tree silhouetted against the cool green woodland garden. He drilled holes in the bare limbs to attract woodpeckers and sapsuckers…yet another metaphor for life taking on new forms after death.
To create your own healing garden, he recommends making a list of four to six core plants that make you feel happy and centered. For example, choose your grandfather's hollyhocks or lavender because you love the scent, or the yellow roses your mother cherished. Then ponder what you want to do in your garden: meditate, get lost in a variety of plants (like one woman who created an English country garden with different plants reminding her of people in her life) or, be inundated with scents by adding herbs and scented flowers. Brott advises Club members on creating their own gardens by helping with plant selection and instruction on gardening basics.
A healing garden can be as small as a container of favorite annuals, or large enough to sit in. Chemo treatment or getting the news that you have cancer, or losing a loved one to it, can be devastating, and Gilda's Club and gardens helps you find your way through these tough times.
Rita Henehan is an author, freelance writer and photographer. Visit her website at michigangardenerscompanion.com for more information on healing gardens.
Where is Gilda's Club healing Gardens located. Thanks!


Christian Fantasy and Historical fun.
Hi i'm Julius schenk, i am a christian fantasy author whos new series, ghosts of the living needs your help. I have about seven books out, but these are my first where i've combined my faith and my love of fantasy. Hope you like it.
Hey all, so i've been at this awhile with non-christian books and before i launch my new series i want to have atleast 20-50 people ready to leave a review on the first day. Amazon is a tough place and having reviews on launch will do a lot to help me out, i'll be putting together a group that wants to get the book for free a full 6 weeks before.
I'll be adding a Mailing list, and keep it touch via that. Still i want everyone who says yes i'll review it, to have read the first two chapters first. This way you can see if you're keen. i'll email the group in a few weeks once it's in pre order and ready for review, i'll put the print version out a week early, so review can be left all week leading to launch. Thanks again!
Born cursed from birth or so she thought. Genievieve can see the memories of others in all she touches and holds. The ghosts of the living, every painful thing that has happened is layed before her. Sent to Bethlehem mental hospital until she is 18, jenn is now free but soon learns that she must use her powers to stop the raise of demonic influence in london. Only she can find a killer that can move body to body and has a few hundred years of practice.
Get the book and join my ARC group here.
Ghosts of the living: Fallen Angels.
Jenn woke from her small bed to the smell of smoke, finding herself coughing and struggling to breathe. She rose in a panic and rolled from her bed to the hard-wooden floor before she was fully awake. There was light outside in the hallway, her bedroom door was open, and she heard yelling. Or screaming rather. It sounded a lot like her sister's voice. She looked up; the ceiling of the darkened room was full of black smoke, so she crawled hand and knees out of her room and looked into the hallway. Her father's room was at the end of the hall; orange light came from it. Black smoke poured out of the door; she could hear her twin sister, Laura, crying and screaming.
Jenn forced herself to stand and run toward the doorway and the fire. She cried out, 'Laura, father?' And she ran into the room. She wished in a way she hadn't gone in. Her father lay in his small single bed, and there was blood all over his white sheets. His head lay to the side; his throat had been roughly cut. Dark blood poured over the sheets. The bed was on fire, and it had grown to fill the room, taking the curtains and bedside table where his reading candle had been.
Laura stood at the base of the bed. She looked at Jenn and smiled. She was 12 and one day, yesterday had been their birthday. In her hand, she held a large kitchen knife. It dripped blood, and she just stared at her sister. The flames grew behind her, but she didn't move, she was staring off into nothing. She'd been screaming moments ago. 'Laura?' Jenn said. Her voice shaking with fear.
Her sister snapped out of the trance and looked at her, smiling again. 'It's over Jenn, he'll never hurt you, he'll never hurt me again, I've saved us both,' she said.
As she watched, her sister drew the knife in long, slow cuts up her arms. The blade sunk into her white flesh and cut a long line up the length of it. Jenn screamed and ran to her, but had to step back. The fire was growing and growing, the whole room full of flames. Suddenly other people were behind her, dragging her backwards. She screamed as they carried her out of her house and down the stairs. As she stood outside in the street, the house where she'd spent the last two years went up in flames before her.
She was in shock, watching as the flames grew and devoured the old wooden apartment. Her neighbours did their best to save the adjoining houses, and a police carriage came along shortly, drawn by two scared looking horses, a small black carriage with thick metal bars on the back. She was taken in the carriage to the police station in Hatton Garden, She wasn't a criminal, she didn't think, but her only family were dead, she was 12 and the police probably had no idea what they should do with her. She was brought into the large stone building by a policeman in his fine blue uniform and a little hat and made to sit down. He looked at her. 'We've sent for the church ladies, they might have a room for you,' he said.
She hadn't even looked at his face or seen what he looked like, but after an hour of waiting on the hard wooden benches, a woman appeared. She shuffled along the hallway of the station and was shown to her. She looked like a church woman, old, fragile hands and a plain but full-length dress. 'Poor child, what a night you have had, they say you'll need a place to stay, my church in Kent hill run an orphanage, you can stay with us,' she said.
Jenn just nodded at the lady. 'I am MS. Sarah Davidson, but calling me Sarah is fine. I will stay with you for a while,' she said.
The old lady patted her leg through her dress. Jenn liked her. She got a good feeling from her; she seemed sad that Jenn was going through this. No one had said anything to her, not a single word of regret or sadness allowed. In moments, her entire life and family had been ripped away from her in blood and flames, but now there was working to do and forms to sign. No one seemed to think she should be upset; it was just another night in London for them.
Sarah was trying to be kind, but Jenn started to cry, she was an orphan now. This morning she'd had a sister, a father, a home. She'd even had a mother, years ago and now she had nothing. They had no family in London, and her father's family in Ireland hated them all.
She cried into her hands; they still smelled of smoke and she coughed a lot.
The woman stood up. 'Officer, has this girl been seen by a doctor? It seems like she has breathed in a lot of smoke,' she said.
He looked unconcerned, but did what the old lady said. Jenn sat for another hour or so, until a doctor came. He was one of the first doctors she had ever seen, but looked as she imagined one too. He was short, in a suit and had a stethoscope around his neck. She looked at it and shuddered, hoping he didn't want to touch her with it. The man put it to her back, luckily over her dress and had her breathe. When she did, he just nodded. 'Minor smoke inhalation, you'll be fine,' he said.
Sarah had been with her the whole time. Jenn liked the lady, she just sat by her and didn't say much, but that was good. In moments, the policeman was back and he spoke to her. 'She can take you, but first I need your statement, you're the only witness,' he said.
She had been dreading this- what should she tell them? How much did they already know? She had to be very careful. Jenn was taken into a bluestone room and sat at a table and the nun sat next to her like a guardian. The policeman was opposite her. As she waited, the door opened, and her heart dropped. Another man walked in. He was young, had a moustache, a pencil in his pocket, glasses, and a thin smile. Doctor Sinclair.
The man sat, and he looked at her, hard. 'I'm so sorry Jenn, but this was a danger we should have expected,' he said. He was another person who didn't look sad at all. He seemed like he had things to do and this was getting in the way.
The policeman looked at her. 'So, this Doctor Sinclair says he was treating your sister, that she was close to being admitted to bedlam- I mean Bethlem hospital, but your father stepped in,' he said.
Jenn just nodded. Her sister had been sick. She saw things and they would have taken her away a long time ago if their father hadn't stopped it. She'd almost been taken by the city twice, but each time he argued that she was just grief-stricken for their mother's passing, even though that was two years past. 'Tell me what happened,' the policeman said.
He took out his pencil and started to write what she said in a small black letter pad. 'I woke and there was smoke, I heard Laura and I ran to father's room,' she said.
She tried not to cry as she imagined his dead body. She had loved him and he loved them, for all his torments, he had been a good man. 'He was dead, she killed him and then she killed herself,' she said.
They all stared at her, and the Woman patted her leg, the pencil scratched on the paper, but Doctor Sinclair peered at her like she was a bug under a microscope. 'What did she say to you?' he asked. 'She said he'd never hurt me now and wouldn't be able to hurt herself,' she said.
He looked at his papers, notes from his 'sessions' with Laura. So the city didn't take her, she'd had to go and see him once a week and talk about how she felt. The policeman looked at them. 'Was your father abusive? Did he hurt you?' the officer asked.
She just stayed quiet, she'd said too much already.
Doctor Sinclair spoke up, 'I have detailed notes of Laura's mental state and had spoken with your father extensively, would it be fair to say her thoughts and accusations against your father were not true and were a result of her mania?' he asked.
Jenn didn't know what to say, she didn't want people to say her father was a molester, but she sensed this man was dangerous. 'He never hurt me, he couldn't, he wasn't that kind of man, Laura was confused,' Jenn said.
She was silent. She knew Laura had had visions, she saw things no one else saw. The problem was, Jenn saw them too. She knew a man like this doctor was waiting for his chance to lock her up as well. He'd always asked about her, did she see them as well? She'd just never trusted them as Laura had. She knew she'd never get better and these kinds of people couldn't help. 'He never hurt us,' Jenn confirmed.
She looked at the old woman, there were worse fates, she thought this lady and her group would at least be kind and not run a workhouse. 'No,' Doctor Sinclair said.
Her heart was racing. She knew he could take her if he wanted, she had no guardian to stop him. 'I don't,' she insisted.
He opened his black bag and from it, he pulled out a candlestick. It was silver and ornate, but she didn't like the look of it. It was one of those powerful objects that seemed to radiate ill memories. 'Now the central theme of Laura's mania was that she claimed she could see the memories of others, all the bad things that have ever happened supposedly leave a mark. It was of course a delusion, but she was very good at convincing people it was true, so touch this with your bare hand and I'll believe you,' he said.
She looked at it, it looked wrong. The bottom was very solid and she imagined it had been used violently. She sometimes saw the memories, not as strong as Laura, but if something bad had happened, if someone had killed someone with this thing, she'd see and feel it. 'No,' she said. 'Why not? Any sane person would touch it. It's a simple candlestick,' Sinclair said.
Jenn was strong, she had been repressing her senses for years and could do it again. She took off her gloves and reaching out, took hold of the silver candlestick.
The memory and pain hit her hard. She felt it as a real pain in her body. She saw an unknown person holding the stick high then smashing it into someone's skull. She felt the killer's memory and the victim's, they washed together as one. The hand that held the weapon and the skull it crushed. She felt the rage of the killer, so extreme and the pain as it hit. It was like her own head had been crushed, the pain extreme.
She stared at the doctor, trying to show no emotion on her face, but knew she had, she'd flinched. 'It's just a candlestick' she said. 'Sorry Genevieve, I just don't believe you,' he replied.
They escorted Jenn in a police carriage to Bethlem hospital that night. It was raining outside the carriage and she sat with her back against the wood. She was glad in a way that she wasn't strong, when Laura had first told her of her powers, the things she saw and knew, she'd been jealous. It came to her much more slowly, getting vague feelings about people and places, and there were certain rooms or houses she just hated for no apparent reason. She and her sister had often visited their uncle in Winchester. She hated his big old house. Laura had known why she'd hated it. She'd said that the master of the house had shot himself with a rifle, twenty years ago, and claimed she knew where the gun was. All Jenn knew was she didn't like being in there, it felt wrong.
Now she was older she saw and felt the visions more clearly. Sometimes she felt the pain of them, as if it were happening to her, she'd see them before her eyes like some awful play acted on a stage, but she would push them down. She prayed a lot, she asked God to deliver her from her curse, to take it away, but he never did. She was stuck with it, and it was getting worse. She knew that by her end Laura was living in another world, a world surrounded by the ghosts of the living. She could see almost any strong memory, feel it like it was her own. It turned from her source of pride to something she also hated, but unlike Jenn, she'd thought her parents would help her.
The wagon pulled to a stop in front of the hospital. She was led out by a man and she looked at the building. It was a huge old thing. Made of blue stone with a large archway and looked like the converted prison that it was. It was the home of all the advanced treatment techniques for mania, Dr Sinclair had thought he could cure Laura, but her father hadn't let Laura be sent here and by the end she was scary even to Jenn.
The man led her inside. The front room was small and narrow. Once she'd stepped inside, she was made to wait on a wooden bench. The doctor soon joined them. He had his own carriage and stepped in from the rain. He went to the nurse and spoke with her. 'Jenn, they'll get you settled, treatments and discussion will start tomorrow,' he explained.
Having said that he left her alone.
She was scared, not only was this a place where they did horrible things to people, she could feel the visions growing, she was getting a very bad feeling. It was like a sickness growing in her belly, she knew that her visions were only getting stronger and if she showed them to the doctor, he'd see that as proof she was mad. Laura had spent so much time convincing people her visions were real, she knew things no one could know, but no one ever believed her, they just said she used rumour and was good at lying.
The man led Jenn out of the foyer and through the building. She was on the ground floor and it looked like a prison she'd read about in The Count of Monte Cristo. She was lead up the hallway and through a door. Once through, the noise was near unbearable; people screamed all around her, banging on their doors and crying out to the guard. They walked past rows and rows of thick steel doors and into another wing that thankfully was quieter. She was led upstairs and to a small door. It had a grill in it, barred. The guard put a big key to a lock and opened the room.
She looked inside. It was a small room with bluestone walls and a concrete floor with a single wooden bed. On the wall was a bolt of metal, a long chain, and a collar. She knew that would end up around her if she were bad. 'You're in here until the doctor wants you, food in your room, toilet in the bucket,' he said.
He shoved Jenn into the room and she stumbled to the bed and sat down. She looked at the bucket, it was steel and thankfully empty. He locked the door behind her. There was a window, barred, but it let in a fraction of moonlight. Jenn walked to the bars at the window and put her hands to it. She recoiled in moments, but it was too late.
A vision filled her mind, a young man, truly mad and desperate, she felt the pain in her face as he slammed his head into the metal bars repeatedly. Killing himself, taking the dark escape route from this place. She calmed her breathing and walked to the middle of the room. The sick feeling was growing in her and the visions came in a flood. She'd always avoided places like this, now she couldn't escape.
Memory upon memory fell on her; men and women trapped in this cell, the things that were done to them, water treatment, electroshock, the hunger the loneliness, the utter silence of the room. She saw all the people in here for years and years. She collapsed to the floor, her hands in front of her, tears in her eyes. 'Please lord rid me of these cursed visions, please lord rid me of these cursed visions,' she repeatedly prayed as the visions tore at her mind.
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text:
Paal Nilssen-Love (* 24. Dezember 1974 in Molde) ist ein norwegischer Schlagzeuger, der im Bereich des Free Jazz und des Modern Creative hervorgetreten ist.

Leben und Wirken

Nilssen-Love spielte zunächst in der Band seines Vaters (ebenfalls Jazzdrummer) und begann seine Musikerkarriere in einem Jazzclub in Stavanger, der von seinen Eltern betrieben wurde. Er studierte in der Abteilung für Jazzstudien an der Universität von Trondheim. Seit den 1990er Jahren ist er in der norwegischen Avantgarde Jazzszene aktiv. 1993 gründete er eine erste eigene Formation, das Quartett Element (mit Gisle Johansen, Ingebrigt Håker Flaten, Håvard Wiik), und arbeitete außerdem mit Iain Ballamy und Chris Potter. Er zog 1996 nach Oslo und war um 1998/99 Mitglied in den Bands von Trygve Seim, Frode Gjerstad und Bugge Wesseltoft. Seit 2000 spielt er im Trio The Thing mit Mats Gustafsson und Ingebrigt Håker Flaten, das inzwischen mehrere Alben vorlegte und ein eigenes Label betreibt (The Thing Records). Außerdem gehörte er dem Trio von Håkon Kornstad an und wirkte an Ken Vandermarks Album Crossing Division mit. 2001 war er Mitglied im Trio des schwedischen Bassisten Peter Janson.

1999 spielte er ein erstes Solokonzert und nahm im Februar 2001 ein erstes Soloalbum unter eigenem Namen auf (Sticks and Stones auf dem Label SOFA); im November entstand im Duo mit Mats Gustafsson am Baritonsaxophon das Album I Love it When You Snore auf dem Label Smalltown Supersound. 2002 folgte ein weiteres Soloalbum (Twenty-Seven Years Later, mitgeschnitten auf dem Jazzfestival in Molde), im August spielte er im Duo mit dem Gitarristen Anders Hana.

Weiterhin spielte Nilssen-Love in den Bands Atomic (mit Fredrik Ljungkvist und Magnus Broo), School Days, dem Sten Sandell Trio, dem Scorch Trio, mit Raoul Björkenheim und Pat Metheny sowie verschiedenen Duo-Projekten mit Ken Vandermark, Joe McPhee, John Butcher, dem Organisten Nils Henrik Asheim, Lasse Marhaug und Peter Brötzmanns Chicago Tentet.

2006 wurde er mit dem Buddyprisen, dem wichtigsten Jazzpreis Norwegens, ausgezeichnet.

Diskographische Hinweise
 Joe McPhee / Paal Nilssen-Love: Tomorrow Came Today (2009)
 Miró (Catalytic Sound, 2010) solo
 Paal Nllsson-Love, Ken Vandermark: Lean Left Volume 1 (2010)
 Terrie Ex / Paal Nilssen-Love: Hurgu! (PNL, 2011)
 Ballister Trio: Mechanisms (Clean Feed, 2012), mit Fred Lonberg-Holm, Dave Rempis
 Slugfield: Slime Zone (PNL, 2012), mit Maja Ratkje and Lasse Marhaug
 Joe McPhee / Paal Nilssen-Love: Candy (PNL, 2015; 7-CD-Box-Set)
 Lasse Marhaug / Paal Nilssen-Love: Stalk (2018)
 Paal Nilssen-Love Circus: Pairs of Three (PNL, 2022)
 Paal Nilssen-Love Large Unit: New Map (2022)
 Paal Nilssen-Love Large Unit: Clusterfuck (2022)
 Paal Nilssen-Love Circus: Pairs of Three (PNL, 2022)

Lexikalischer Eintrag
 Richard Cook, Brian Morton: The Penguin Guide of Jazz on CD. 6. Auflage. Penguin, London 2002, ISBN 0-14-051521-6.
 Richard Cook, Brian Morton: The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings. 8. Auflage. Penguin, London 2006, ISBN 0-14-102327-9.
 Wolf Kampmann (Hrsg.), unter Mitarbeit von Ekkehard Jost: Reclams Jazzlexikon. Reclam, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-15-010528-5.

Weblinks
 Webpräsenz von Paal Nilssen-Love

Jazz-Schlagzeuger
Musiker (Norwegen)
Norweger
Geboren 1974
Mann

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The Alicante School of Art and College of Design (Escuela de Arte y Superior de Diseño de Alicante, EASD.A) is a public institution dependent on the Generalitat Valenciana (the Regional Government), and it offers qualified instruction in the different areas of design, creation and the applied arts.
The EASD.A is located in the city of Alicante (Spain). It began in our city more than one hundred years ago, known as a center of artisans and managed by the City Council. In 1949, the School of Arts Association was set up. It was in 1986 when the Law of Education establishes the requirements for Schools of Arts.
The educational offering at our Center has since 2001 been organized on two levels: higher education of design and vocational training (according to the publication of legislation on Higher Design Studies in 1999). Since the 2010/11 academic year the EASD.A adapts the Higher Studies to the European Higher Education Area proposed by the Bologna declaration and gives the new Degrees of Design.
The goal of the Bachelor's degree in Design that are offered in our School, is to provide comprehensive training of professionals in three different areas of design (Product Design, Graphic Design, Interior Design and Fashion Design). We aim to train professionals who develop creative, technological and research capabilities, applied to industrial and aesthetic innovation, and who are able to contribute to solve the problems of design, and of improving the quality of production in all these areas. Contents are organized in four academic years (240 ECTS credits), including Final Course Project (FCP) and practicum, which leads to the obtention of the degree in Design, or "Titulado Superior en Diseño".
The Higher Training Cycles are courses that have a duration of two years and a period of internship in companies, plus a Final Cycle Project (FCP). These courses are designed to train professionals in the different fields or areas of the plastic arts and design: Interior Design (projects of decoration, ephemeral architecture), Graphic Design (advertising graph, illustration), Ceramic Art, and Industrial Design (models Design).
The EASD.A is a center belonging to the Instituto Superior de Enseñanzas Artísticas de la Comunidad Valenciana (ISEACV). The ISEACV aims to be a referent on Higher Artistic Education for the artistic qualities of theirs students and teachers. The objectives that guide this purpose are: to provide a quality education in Higher Educacion; promote mobility of students and faculty with other Universities of Arts and Design Education; promoting research, knowledge generation and its transference to business and society, and improve the qualifications of teachers. Thus the ISEACV will contribute to the development of culture and will contribute to achieve greater recognition and social prestige of the artistic education.


Belle is a Christian writer, artist, zombified college student, and nerdy person. She loves cats so much she wants to build a mansion specially designed to accommodate as many fluffy pets as she wants, as long as they don't get into the secret drawer stuffed with chocolate hidden in her…oops, can't tell that. She loves almost all genres of speculative fiction, and delights in murder mysteries. Her new secret pleasures are visual novels and lavender white chocolate mochas.


text:
The foreign ministry of Uzbekistan has despatched a hundred and fifty Afghan refugees back to Afghanistan as per an agreement with the Taliban, Russian information agency TASS reported citing the ministry. "We are only pushing those that haven't any legal papers to journey, but who're including to the chaos at Kabul airport gate," he told Reuters information agency. Prominent social media influencers go darkish ลิเวอร์พูล or flee, while residents and activists scramble to wash their digital lives. The Spain-based hub to obtain Afghan refugees who've labored with European Union establishments may have capability for 1,000 folks, Spain's foreign minister says. Pakistan's state-run airline has resumed particular flights for Kabul, in order to evacuate Pakistanis and foreigners stranded in Afghanistan.
Afghan troopers fired in the air and pushed crowds gathered at the entrance of Kabul airport away as desperate Afghans tried to go away the country in the wake of last week's beautiful Taliban takeover. She mentioned she would have maybe tried to escape via a third country if she'd known the evacuation would be so chaotic."Right now the airport is blocked , you cannot go to a third country right now. "We have been able to evacuate 1000s of individuals over the last two days, and the scenario on the airport is a lot better now than it was at first of the week, but we really recognise that it's an enormous task, he said from Brussels, Belgium. Sarah Holewinski, head of the Washington bureau at Human Rights Watch, told a news convention the most at-risk Afghans wouldn't be ready to get out before the deadline until flights out of Kabul are ramped up. The United Arab Emirates has agreed to host 5,000 Afghan nationals evacuated from their nation on their way to third countries, the UAE's embassy in the United States said on Twitter. A United Nations menace assessment report says Taliban fighters are conducting "targeted door-to-door visits" of people that labored with the US and NATO forces, rising the worry of revenge.
Erdoğan mentioned that the European Union ought to help the Afghan folks in Afghanistan and neighboring nations, especially Iran. The flight will land in Islamabad where the passengers will be transferred to Turkish Airlines civilian planes en path to Istanbul, Anadolu reported. "We know that al Qaeda is a presence as properly as ISIS in Afghanistan and we have talked about that for quite some time," Kirby told reporters Friday. Pentagon press secretary John Kirby acknowledged that an al Qaeda presence stays in Afghanistan, seemingly contradicting President Biden's declaration that the terrorist group was not in that country. Desperate Afghans attempting to flee have surrounded Kabul's worldwide airport, but Taliban fighters are stationed outdoors, some firing shots to manage the gang. Confidential UN doc says armed group making door-to-door visits of people who worked with US and NATO forces.
More than one hundred Turkish residents have been evacuated from Kabul in a military transport plane on Friday, Turkey's state-run Anadolu news company reported. "Additional evacuees embody relations of US citizens, Special Immigrant Visa candidates and their families, and vulnerable Afghans," the official stated, for a tally of about 9,000 evacuated by the army since August 14. A senior White House official says that the military evacuated an additional three,000 individuals from Afghanistan since an replace was supplied to reporters late final night time. CNN's Clarissa Ward earlier reported that no US evacuation flights were noticed leaving Hamid Karzai International airport for no much less than eight hours. Taliban cadres are allowed to enter mosques with Afghan civilians for weekly Friday prayers, a Taliban official advised Reuters information agency.
Davinder Sandhu , director of WWICS that developed Green Meadows in Mohali, has been sent to two-day police custody. LAHORE – Two more girls were assaulted in Greater Iqbal Park on Independence Day, Dunya News has acquired video of the incident. Biden referred to as the scenario in Afghanistan "heartbreaking," and the pictures of determined and "panicked" Afghans and Americans trying to flee "intestine wrenching." President Biden stated he received "every kind of cables" with "all kinds of recommendation" on Afghanistan when requested Friday about an internalState Department memo from mid-Julywarning the situation within the country might rapidly deteriorate and lead to the collapse of the Afghan authorities. Taylor said within the final 24 hours, sixteen C-17s and one C-130 had departed Kabul, carrying the almost 6,000 passengers that included "a couple of hundred" American residents.
The group, Fundacja Ocalenie, known as on Polish authorities to permit the individuals to use for refugee status in Poland, saying they have the proper to do so. A Polish refugee rights group said Friday that 32 people who fled Afghanistan earlier than the Taliban takeover have been trapped for 12 days in an space between Poland and Belarus, caught in a standoff between the 2 neighbors. Shabia Mantoo, spokesperson of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees , has welcomed the evacuation of Afghan nationals through such separate bilateral programmes, but confused that they need to not substitute for an "urgent and wider worldwide humanitarian response". President Joe Biden said Friday he couldn't assure the final consequence of the emergency evacuation from Kabul's airport, calling it one of the "difficult" airlift operations ever. US President Joe Biden says can't assure end result of Kabul airport evacuations as he faces criticism over withdrawal.
A former translator for the US army in Afghanistan informed Al Jazeera she is rising determined as she has tried and failed three times to escape from Kabul airport. NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg advised Al Jazeera a 'huge task' stays to help evacuate individuals at Kabul airport amid the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan. US evacuation flights out of Kabul have been paused for the previous eight hours with Washington struggling to find locations to briefly host Afghan evacuees, CNN reported. Foreign powers sought to hasten evacuations from Afghanistan on Friday after reviews of Taliban reprisals, including against people who had worked with U.S.-led forces or the previous Western-backed government. Two prime human rights organisations known as for Joe Biden to increase the August 31 deadline for US troops to depart Kabul in order to assist evacuate Afghans fearing Taliban reprisals.
Tags: world

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text:
Liberals/Conservatives: Post Definitions For Each
Started by Vapor Trails , Oct 20 2004 05:03 PM
Politics Political definitions 2004
#1 Vapor Trails
In a world where I feel so small, I can't stop thinking big.
Awaiting Authorisation
Driving my school bus this afternoon, I was listening to NPR (National Public Radio-United States). The folks on the show were talking about phrase and word origins. Inevitably, the words "liberal" and "conservative" came up. The two folks discussed how the meanings of each word had changed over time, and how they've each taken on negative connotations.
As I listened, it dawned on me that-at least to my knowledge-there has NEVER been a thread discussing what the words "liberal" and "conservative" meant to folks here-and more importantly, HOW they came upon these conclusions.
This thread is meant to enlighten-and I expect some vigorous, respectful debate here. I'm trying to learn something by posting this thread. And I hope others will learn too.
So, I'm asking all of you the following:
1) What do the words "liberal" and "conservative" mean to each of you?
2) Where did you come up with your ideas for each? And how sure are you that they truly fit your definition of each word?
Discuss. And I would be particularly interested to hear from folks outside the U.S..
Edited by Digital Man, 20 October 2004 - 05:12 PM.
Politicians are like bananas; they hang together, they're all yellow, and there's not a straight one among them.
"We're relevant for $ and a vote once every two years. Beyond that, we're completely irrelevant, except of course to consume, and preach the gospel according to [insert political demigod here]."--Cait
#2 Rhys
... a learning experience.
Digital Man, on Oct 20 2004, 06:03 PM, said:
Liberal: Someone who's not conservative.
Conservative: Someone who's not liberal.
While that may come off as kind of glib, I think those are the definitions that a lot of people are working with these days!
"It's easy to bond over hating something together - The Internet is total proof of that." Cyd/Codex, The Guild
Change the world! No one can do everything, but everyone can do something.
Rhys, on Oct 20 2004, 05:25 PM, said:
And why do you think that is?
#4 sierraleone
sierraleone
All things Great and Mischievous
^ Does Canada count (I actually heard of a co-worker yesterday having to deal w/ an American thinking that Quebec was part of the US heck, half the time they don't seem to want to be part of Canada he didn't like the extra charges on his bill ).
Disclaimer: All the follow are simply my opinion, which I say upfront may be wrong, I don't study politics, I vote on the issues presented, so my opinions are basically my impressions from various parties, elections, the media, school and various benign experiences.
Liberal:
I consider myself a liberal so going into this I figure my idea of Liberal is biased by my own beliefs.
I think initially Liberal Governments/Parties wanted more into private citizen's lives. Me as a liberal, though, I'd like the government *out* of our private lives. As in not legislating what two people do in the bedroom together and whether or not they can get married. I would say that liberals tend to spend more on social spending (though I would prefer they spend what they spend on social spending *better*, not neccessarily more).
Liberals tend to try new innovative methods I would think (while conservatives use old and proven methods). Of course, doesn't mean those aren't spins on whichever method they choose, they could still fail horribly
I believe and follow conservative values, but I don't feel everyone should have to follow them. Whether that has any connection w/ "Conservatives" in regards to the Parties, I'm not sure.
Conservatives:
They tend to be more, er, conservative in spending. They also tend to feel people should take care of themselves and not involve the government, though feel the best way for people to do that (take care of themselves) is to follow conservative values.
Where did I come up w/ these ideas? Stated in my disclaimer
Now, I'm interested in everyone else's opinion/views/expertise.
Edited by sierraleone, 20 October 2004 - 05:36 PM.
Rules for surviving an Autocracy:
Rule#1: Believe the Autocrat.
Rule#2: Do not be taken in by small signs of normality.
Rule#3: Institutions will not save you.
Rule#4: Be outraged.
Rule#5: Don't make compromises.
Rule#6: Remember the future.
- Masha Gessen
Source: http://www2.nybooks....r-survival.html
#5 Rov Judicata
Rov Judicata
Crassly Irresponsible and Indifferent
First, I think that the American definition of liberal is bizarre. I consider myself a liberal in the classical sense, but have very little in common with actual "liberals". I think, however, that you have to draw a distinction between "Democrats" and "Liberals" and do something similar for "Republicans" and "Conservatives". There are coherent differences between the two ideologies. However, Ralph Nader is right about one thing (and ONLY one thing): The differences between the two parties are paper-thin, at best. To flip one of Nader's lines, the Democrats get an F, and the Republicans are a D-. Further, this election offers Americans the compelling choice between total incompetence and severe incompetence. And... *ahem, back on topic*.
But generalities in today's political climate (not absolutes, obviously):
In general, I'd say these are the most important parts of each ideology. Note that none of these are absolute, and many of the people on this board have ideologies all over the map. Please don't take offense at any of this. I'm somewhat conservative, but I'm doing my best to be even handed here:
Conservatives favor small government and a balanced budget. Liberals tend to favor social programs.
Conservatives favor proportionate tax cuts (i.e., if your bracket pays 40% of the burden, it's going to get a large chunk of the tax cut; also called Reaganomics, supply side economics or trickle-down). Liberals favor giving tax cuts to the lower brackets, to encourage consumer spending.
Conservatives favor free market solutions. Liberals favor government solutions.
Conservatives oppose abortion, except in extreme circumstances (rape, incest, etc.). Liberals generally support abortion, except in extreme circumstances (partial birth abortion).
Conservatives generally favor the death penalty. Liberals don't. [And both sides say the other is inconsistent due to the coupling of these two positions; "How can you protect the life of an unborn fetus and condemn people who are actually born to death?" and "How can you allow an innocent fetus to be destroyed while protecting the life of a serial killer?" are quite common arguments.]
Conservatives favor reading the 2nd amendment as an individual right; i.e., allowing gun ownership to a great degree. Most support banning assault weapons (the real ones, not the ones in the misnamed AWB). Liberals don't read it that way, and prefer tighter controls over gun control, although very few want to ban all guns.
Conservatives favor states rights, and tend to be skeptical of a strong central government. Liberals tend to be skeptical of states rights, and favor a strong central government.
Conservatives oppose race-based affirmative action; often, they read it as a violation of the 14th amendment or basic fairness. Liberals favor race-based affirmative action, saying it doesn't violate equal protection.
Conservatives tend to be less concerned with rights of the accused than liberals, while liberals tend to be much more concerned. I'm trying to come up with an example, but it's just not gelling. If anybody's confused, I can try to think one up.
Liberals admire Europe. Conservatives see Europe as a society in decay.
Conservatives think the media is liberal. Liberals think the media is conservative, but say "corporate" instead.
That's about all I can think of for now...
EDIT: Actually, the issue of smoking in public places is a really good example of an important distinction between liberals and conservatives.
Liberals: We need to protect the public health and the employees of restaurants. A public smoking ban will do that.
Conservatives: Then don't GO to a smoking restaurant. If the market opportunity for a non-smoking restaurant exists, then the market will provide one. There's nothing compelling the employees to work there either.
It's a minor issue, but I think it's one that's pretty telling......
Edited by Hotspur Rovinski, 20 October 2004 - 06:19 PM.
St. Louis must be destroyed!
Me: "I have a job and five credit cards and am looking into signing a two year lease. THAT MAKES ME OLD."
Josh: "I don't have a job, I have ONE credit card, I'm stuck in a lease and I'm 28! My mom's basement IS ONE BAD DECISION AWAY!"
~~ Josh, winning the argument.
"Congress . . . shall include every idiot, lunatic, insane person, and person non compos mentis[.]" ~1 U.S.C. � 1, selectively quoted for accuracy.
#6 Spectacles
Good idea, DM. I remember years ago asking my students who they were going to vote for in 1988. Most were voting for Bush I. Why not Dukakis, I asked. Pause. Finally someone said, "he's too liberal." Several heads nodded. OK. What does liberal mean. Blank. They didn't know for sure what one was, but they'd heard it was a bad thing.
For myself, I tend to break each up into two categories: fiscal and social. But there are more and it would be interesting to see how others think of the terms.
Economic/fiscal conservative: one who believes in low taxation, small government, few regulations on business.
Social conservative: one who believes the society is healthier with traditional values--heterosexual marriage, "men are men and goils are goils" (Archie Bunker), also used to be fairly racist but that is changing somewhat; favors blurring the division between church and state; believes that only certain people are "real Americans"--usually those who fit the traditional bill.
Economic/Fiscal liberal: one who believes that government cures all ills--poverty, etc.--so it is free to tax heavily to pay for social programs to improve society; government is necessarily large; is in favor of regulations on business like wage controls, price caps, environmental regulations
Social liberal: one who believes that mores change with the times and so should our laws; for changing attitudes and values that hold back a group of people simply because of their identity (race, gender, religion, sexual orientation); for removing laws that act as barriers to equality (government out of the bedroom stuff); firmly opposed to blurring the line between church and state
I'm pretty much a social liberal who likes some aspects of fiscal conservatism. I distrust bureaucracy and think that much government spending is wasteful. I'm big on personal responsibility but think that no one should be discriminated against. I'm for public education, since it's the best hope we have for levelling the playing field, but that "bureaucracy thing" has messed it up--plus unequal funding. I think taxes should be kept as low as possible by cutting waste. I was for Welfare Reform. I don't trust totally unregulated business to be ethical, so I'm for safety and environmental regulations. I'm for spending what is necessary to maintain the best military. I think gays and lesbians are citizens and so they should have the same rights as everyone else in the country....So, like most people, I'm a mixed bag. Mostly liberal, but not outrageously so.
"Facts are stupid things." -Ronald Reagan at the 1988 Republican National Convention, attempting to quote John Adams, who said, "Facts are stubborn things"
"Although health care enrollment is actually going pretty well at this point, thousands and maybe millions of Americans have failed to sign up for coverage because they believe the false horror stories they keep hearing." -- Paul Krugman
#7 Gefiltefishmon
Gefiltefishmon
Oolong Caluphids Private Secretary
I was going to answer this but Rov posted the BEST explanation I have ever read of the differences between the Liberal and Conservative.
I WOULD like to see a side by side comparison of Conservatives and NEO-Conservatives, since the current Republican administration doesn't seem to uphold "typical" conservative viewpoints.
I'm staunchly in the middle of the two definitions of liberal and conservative - but it's interesting to see how much of one and the other I feel I am. Hmmmm..... :wideeyed:
"To know that you do not know is the best. To act from the pretense that you know when you do not know is a disease" - Lao Tzu
"From All, One; and From One, All" - Heraclitus
"Let me be clear: however the world's goblet turns there will always be those drunk on the wine of the Self" - Ghalib
"A 'politically savvy challenge to evolution' is as self-evidently ridiculous as an agriculturally savvy challenge to euclidean geometry would be." - Charles Pierce
#8 Nonny
Scourge of Pretentious Bad Latin
The way the words are used these days, they seem to mean the same thing: The Other. In extreme cases, The Folks We Don't Agree With Who Should Be Disenfranchised and Banished.
Checking my dictionary, I see nothing surprising for conservative, "favoring traditional views and values; tending to oppose change." Or for liberal, "not limited to or by established, traditional, orthodox or authoritarian attitudes, views, or dogmas; free from bigotry. Favoring proposals for reform, open to new ideas for progress, and tolerant of the ideas and behaviors of others; broad-minded." Not polar opposites, conservative sticks to the traditional, while liberal embraces a wide variety including the traditional.
The once and future Nonny
"Give a man a gun and he can rob a bank, give a man a bank and he can rob the world." Can anyone tell me who I am quoting? I found this with no attribution.
Fatal miscarriages are forever.
Stupid is stupid, this I believe. And ignorance is the worst kind of stupid, since ignorance is a choice. Suzanne Brockmann
All things must be examined, debated, investigated without exception and without regard for anyone's feelings. Diderot
#9 SilverNeonASH
SilverNeonASH
Conservatives are right wing and believe in deities to make things work.
Liberals are Left Wing and believe in themselves to make things work.
Most of us are somewhere between the two extremes.
#10 Delvo
The idea that conservatism is by definition religious is a liberal stereotype embraced by religious conservatives but not by those who are one or the other. In fact that's just one of the two or three major sects of conservatism that are at civil war with each other.
#11 Vapor Trails
SilverNeonASH, on Oct 20 2004, 07:42 PM, said:
And what do *you* define as "right wing" and "left wing"? Why?
#12 SilverNeonASH
In a classic sense:
The Spanish Inquisition represented the ultimate in Right Wing politics.
It could not sustain itself, simply because its raison d'etre was a search and destroy mission for minions of the elusive Satan. When that proved unworkable, they existed to root out Heretics. These were easier to find because that encompassed anyone who so much as believed, " what went up, must come down." The logical outcome was The Protestant Reformation, which in its day, was fairly Left Wing, as they had demoted all the Saints from the category of Deity. In nations, that were Protestant, technology made a quantum leap forward, because, they were no longer being burnt at the stake for Heracy. This continued for three more centuries until WWI. Then technology snowballed leaving many prople, technologically extinct. The Nazi Party rose giving validity to the Right Wing, because people, initially, believed they would destroy the Left Wing or the Godless Communists.
The official line was that the Nazi Party was searching for SuperMan. They had to say that, for obvious reasons. Actually, they were searching for the precise Race created by the Almighty, in Genesis, before The Fall From Grace. They had difficulty believeing that Jesus Christ was Jewish, or that Jews could ever have written the Holy Writ. It would be a return to the fifteenth Century, something that appealed to a great many people as technology had trampled them into unemployment.
By the beginning of the 1980's, Conservatism was creeping back in. Why? Technology had made another quantum leap. Jobs were either eliminated or had been shipped over seas. Most people understood that if you turn back the clock, you might have a job, again. At any rate, turning back the clock seemed much easier than reading about ring resonance, computer urls, and quantum physics.
Liberals favor social programs for one very real reason:
We do not have the same IQ!!!!! Technology will march on, whether you can maneuver it or not.
It was once said that only seven percent of all women can maneuver mathematics in order to be profficient in engineering. What they are not saying, what they dare not say, is that same percentage is true of men. ( Seven percent is a high figure, considering that engineers are only 5% of the employment rolls) Bottom line? As technology continues, only 14% of all humans will have employment opportunities. Telling the remaining 86% of all humans to get up off their fat tukis and get a job, won't work. The jobs will not be there.
#13 sierraleone
^ did you get 14 % from adding 7 % of men and 7 % of women, or some other statistics on IQs/etc? (because 7 % of women and 7 % of men, add up to about 7 % of the population).
There likely always be manual jobs, but their pay will likely suck, your pay won't depend on how hard you are willing to work anymore....
Excellent post, Rov!
I think it's the most un-stupid thing you've done in recent memory.
Just as an excersize, I'm gunna number Rov's points and see how I score:
Hotspur Rovinski, on Oct 20 2004, 07:15 PM, said:
1. Conservatives favor small government and a balanced budget. Liberals tend to favor social programs.
2. Conservatives favor proportionate tax cuts (i.e., if your bracket pays 40% of the burden, it's going to get a large chunk of the tax cut; also called Reaganomics, supply side economics or trickle-down). Liberals favor giving tax cuts to the lower brackets, to encourage consumer spending.
3. Conservatives favor free market solutions. Liberals favor government solutions.
4. Conservatives oppose abortion, except in extreme circumstances (rape, incest, etc.). Liberals generally support abortion, except in extreme circumstances (partial birth abortion).
5. Conservatives generally favor the death penalty. Liberals don't. [And both sides say the other is inconsistent due to the coupling of these two positions; "How can you protect the life of an unborn fetus and condemn people who are actually born to death?" and "How can you allow an innocent fetus to be destroyed while protecting the life of a serial killer?" are quite common arguments.]
6. Conservatives favor reading the 2nd amendment as an individual right; i.e., allowing gun ownership to a great degree. Most support banning assault weapons (the real ones, not the ones in the misnamed AWB). Liberals don't read it that way, and prefer tighter controls over gun control, although very few want to ban all guns.
7. Conservatives favor states rights, and tend to be skeptical of a strong central government. Liberals tend to be skeptical of states rights, and favor a strong central government.
8. Conservatives oppose race-based affirmative action; often, they read it as a violation of the 14th amendment or basic fairness. Liberals favor race-based affirmative action, saying it doesn't violate equal protection.
9. Conservatives tend to be less concerned with rights of the accused than liberals, while liberals tend to be much more concerned. I'm trying to come up with an example, but it's just not gelling. If anybody's confused, I can try to think one up.
10. Liberals admire Europe. Conservatives see Europe as a society in decay.
11. Conservatives think the media is liberal. Liberals think the media is conservative, but say "corporate" instead.
1. C, 2. L, 3.C, 4.L, 5.L, 6.C, 7.C, 8.C, 9.L, 10.L, 11.L
So 5 C's and 6 L's . . . I think "a little left of center" describes me pretty well.
Also a few important distinctions I've noticed:
-Conservatives tend to be more Hawkish (that is, favoring military action sooner), whereas Liberals tend to be more Dovish, preferring diplomatic solutions wherever possible.
-I'm going to disagree slightly w/ Rov about Conservatives viewing Europe negatively vs. Liberals admiring it. I think it would be more accurate to say that Conservatives are more isolationist, preferring to stay out of the affairs of other nations (and other nations staying out of ours), whereas Liberals prefer a more global-community approach.
Also, the "NeoCons" break from a few key "traditional" conservative ideas. Some that come to mind:
-A desire to legislate morality
-Not just supporting private solutions over government ones, but specifically courting faith-based initiatives.
-"Deficits don't Matter" fiscal policy
-Nick
"A million people can call the mountains a fiction, yet it need not trouble you as you stand atop them."
"James Carville emerges from the conflagration riding a burning alligator . . ."
#15 Cardie
I'm a very *good* tailor
To me the crucial difference between liberal and conservative ideologies hinges on the view of the proper role of the state. Liberals believe that the state has an obligation to ameliorate people's problems if they can't do it themselves and to regulate practices that are harmful to the general welfare. They believe that it is acceptable for tax revenues to be collected from the solvent population in order to fund essential public services.
Conservatives believe that government should limit its activities, its regulations and its revenue collections to those things that benefit the country as a whole: national defense, economic growth, infrastructure, public health. Direct benefits to specific needy individuals are frowned upon.
Ironically social conservatism of the old stripe would want government completely out of the business of regulating people's sex lives, recreational behavior, or reproductive choices. Liberals are much more likely to meddle in these areas.
Nothing succeeds like excess.
#16 Rov Judicata
Gefiltefishmon, on Oct 20 2004, 05:16 PM, said:
Thank you. . .
I concur. Frankly, if Bush has an ideology, it's too nuanced for me. It seems almost completely arbitrary.
Delvo, on Oct 20 2004, 05:53 PM, said:
I concur. There's no conservative position I'm aware of that must be based in religion. There are secular arguments against gay marriage, against abortion, and for faith based initiatives. [Since that last one is the most likely to raise eyebrows: Religious institutions have a way of organizing and coordinating people that other organizations have a hard time doing. Further, in some areas, a church is simply the center of a community and the best way to distribute resources. It would be folly to ignore the utility of a church simply because it is religious. As somebody 'not religious', I have no problem with faith-based initiatives, so long as they work.]
Nick, on Oct 20 2004, 07:32 PM, said:
That's a crucial one I forgot. Good point. Viewing the UN as a source of problem vs. the UN as a solution to problems is also an important subpoint...
I totally disagree. Just as a random sample, I searched the site of National Review for Europe. First reference that came up:
http://www.nationalr...00404020835.asp
Now, granted, some of that is motivated by recent events. But I also think it's very telling that Kerry is being referred to as "too European". Conservatives simply don't trust European intellectualism, European ideology, European approaches to world problems, or much of anything European. [Yes, I know I'm conflating a lot of different things when I say "European", but still.]. The crux of it is often that military has money, but has allowed its military to crumble.
Cardie, on Oct 20 2004, 07:39 PM, said:
Yes. Often with very generous views of what's "essential"....
We've now had people mention both hawkishness and isolationism as conservative traits, but nobody's mentioned that they sound contradictory. What seems consistent between the two is that military action in other countries is seen as a tool, which, like any other tool, can sit on the shelf most of the time but is the ONLY thing that can do its job what that particular job happens to need to be done. Another way to put it would be that those who want to be left alone are still occasionally forced to forcefully compel others to leave them alone.
Without some such way to reconcile those two claims, you'd have to either declare one of them false, say neither is relevant as a defining characteristic because liberal/conservative is really about domestic issues not international ones, or say that conservatives who wouldn't be in favor of this war right now are driven to defend it by the way the liberals have been attacking it and them.
What's always fascinated me, because I lived through most of it, is how fundamentally the particulars of the liberal/conservative debate shifted after the second World War.
For the first half of the twentieth century, the law of the land was perfectly consonant with majority values. Through Democratic and Republican administrations, public policy did little to address any of the oppressions, large and small, of people who didn't fit into what a white, Southern Baptist male conservative movement would be happy with today. There were Christian prayers in public schools, Jim Crow in the South, a segregated military. Abortion, miscegenation, and "sodomy" were illegal. Nobody was fighting over affirmative action or whether "under God" should be in the Pledge of Allegiance, or the parameters of sexual harassment.
When the differences between conservatives and liberals were first explained to me growing up, they were all about class, region and foreign policy. Liberals fought for the workingman, conservatives followed the dictates of Wall Street. Liberals flourished in urban areas, conservatives in the heartland. Democrats always got you into wars, my Republican mother said repeatedly. Her party was better at keeping America's nose out of other people's business. It always seemed to me that conservative anti-Communism in the 50s was much more fixated on rooting out Reds at home than taking up arms against them abroad. It was the Democrats who were out on foreign adventures until Vietnam made everyone gun-shy.
It was when Democrats and liberals decided to support minority rights of all kinds, using the intellectual arguments of academic humanism, that the working man was no longer sure that liberalism was working for him. It was when Vietnam turned most liberals Dovish that the strong military tradition of the heartland found itself much more sympatico with Republican foreign policy.
#19 Kevin Street
Kevin Street
Digital Man said:
...So, I'm asking all of you the following:
I've been thinking about your question all day, DM, and here's what finally came out:
In the most basic sense, Liberals are always looking for a better tomorrow. They are utopians at heart, and they seek ways to make our imperfect, dull reality more ideal, even if only in small measures. Liberal values tend to reflect ideals like humanism and fairness.
Conservatives are always trying to protect and preserve the reality we already have. They're realists at heart, and they seek ways to manage and cherish the good things that we often take for granted or neglect. Conservative values tend to reflect ideals like patriotism and common sense.
Liberals strive to reach for the things that are just beyond our grasp, which is why so many artists happen to be liberal. Art is all about taking something mundane like a story or a picture and making it beautiful - artists are idealists.
Conservatives strive to protect and preserve the things we're already blessed with, which is why so many soldiers happen to be conservative. Soldiers don't judge the people they protect, they love the whole country and believe in the values for which it stands - soldiers are patriots.
Or to put it in another way, let's put a Xena spin on the definitions and look for representative gods from Greek mythology. Imo, the ultimate Liberal God is Prometheus, and the ultimate Conservative god is Hestia. Prometheus saw the suffering of the human race, and defied Zeus himself to make things better for people. Hestia was the gentlest of gods, and the most loved, for she guarded the hearth and home.
In a healthy society, the Liberal and Conservative impulses are equally powerful and influential, for each one needs the balance of the other. Without Liberals, there would be no progress - and without Conservatives, society would have fallen apart long ago.
Edited by Kevin Street, 21 October 2004 - 02:53 AM.
#20 nutmeg
And in the middle are us 'moderates' (who are fighting the 'you're either a liberal or conservative, based upon whether you are a Democrat or Repulican' nonsense) who see value in both sides. In fact, political ideology in the US used to be seen more as a continuum rather than a polarity. I'm more comfortable with that and I wish we could allow the shades of gray that make democracy such a rich tradition.
communist --- socialist ----liberal-----moderate ----conservative ----( now we have: neoconservative) ---- fascist
Edited by nutmeg, 21 October 2004 - 11:19 AM.
Also tagged with one or more of these keywords: Politics, Political definitions, 2004


The National Coalition for Homeless Veterans publishes the following information to provide assistance to community and faith-based organizations, government agencies, corporate partners and the homeless veterans they serve.
NCHV is a nonprofit, 501(c)(3) organization seeking to end homelessness among America's veterans. The Fiscal Year (FY) 2015 Annual Report provides an overview of the organization's programs, activities and accomplishments over the past year. Other highlights include information on NCHV's leadership, collaboration with other organizations, financial reports, and corporate partners.
The NCHV monthly e-newsletter is distributed to persons and organizations that have asked to be placed on our email distribution list, and contains news briefs and links to recently announced grants and resources. You may have to adjust your email filters to receive this material.
These guides (in .pdf format) provide information on how to help homeless veterans find supportive services and employment assistance in the community. Links to organizations and agencies offering a wide range of supportive services can be found here as well.
The National Coalition for Homeless Veterans publishes brochures and fact sheets that offer guidance on starting a program, organization management and financial issues.
These are available for download in brochure format so that they may be copied and folded.
Unless otherwise stated, all published material available on the National Coalition for Homeless Veterans (NCHV) website is protected by copyright. Items may be used for educational purposes in their original form only. All other uses are expressly prohibited without the written consent of NCHV. Inquiries should be sent to the Director of Communications at rbrown@nchv.org.


If you thought 802.11ax OFDMA was the hottest thing coming, it's merely the next, new MAC & PHY for Wi-Fi. In this series, I'll reveal the efforts towards our next generations of Wi-Fi as they're being discussed within the IEEE 802.11 Working Group (WG11). But these projects and concepts are so new that there is a good chance that some of them won't make it all the way into the 802.11 standard. Along the way there will be trials, errors, and restarts. Keep that in mind as we peek into the various 802.11 committees in progress now.
In order to be clear on the stage that each new project is at, I'll use this first installment to provide a description of the steps needed for a new feature or improvement to proceed through the lifecycle of the 802.11 standards development path. These rules are the same for all Working Groups within the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee (LMSC) of which 802.11 is just one part.
A good way to follow the current progress of new 802.11 projects is to visit the 802.11 Project Timelines website located at: http://www.ieee802.org/11/Reports/802.11_Timelines.htm . There you'll see at the top of the page, above the bright green row of "Published" amendments the "In-Process" Task Group (TG) committees that are currently working on new amendments to the 802.11 standard. At the time of this writing there are six projects officially underway. They're shown in the order by which they received their PAR approval, with the most recent on top. PAR stands for Project Authorization Request and is one of the steps required by the 802 Standards Body in order to receive an official project sanction. The details of how a PAR is created are discussed later in this article. However, there are other committees at work that haven't yet achieved their PAR approval. And some of these are very interesting and revealing, as we'll see.
In order for the work done by a TG to be included as part of the 802.11 Standard, it will proceed through a gauntlet of research, technical submissions, revisions, reviews, straw polls, letter ballots, sponsor ballots and oversight committee approvals. This process typically takes four or more years to complete from start to finish.
The flow chart below provides a visual map of this procedure, starting at the upper left with an initial "Call for Interest" and ending at the lower right with the publishing of the new amendment. The colors in the graphic are meant to provide a superficial risk status. The gray colored segments show the development stages which are the most immature and so are more susceptible to major changes or even complete termination. The yellow colored boxes should be considered cautionary but by this stage have become more likely to succeed. Those areas colored light green are relatively mature but still subject to minor revisions. The dark green box shows the finished product. In the case of WG11 this will be a standard, recommended practice, guideline, or an amendment to the 802.11 standard.
Until the document is fully ratified its considered a draft. Once the draft is published it becomes part of the existing standard and any features contained in the amendment are available for use by all upcoming amendments. This is why, even though some amendments may not experience wide marketplace popularity on their own, some of the sub features contained within them can still contribute to the evolution of Wi-Fi as a whole.
Following the publishing of the amendment, it still needs to be "rolled-in" into the actual 802.11 document. This requires each paragraph of the new amendment to be manually interleaved into the correct position within the main document. This labor-intensive project, which is always handled by the maintenance committee (TGm), is time-consuming and detail oriented. That's why there is usually a lag between versions of the 802.11 standard. The current version of the standard at the time of this writing in 2018 is, "IEEE 802.11-2016". The previous version was "IEEE 802.11-2012". And the next expected roll-in is set for 2020, although that's still subject to change.
A "topic interest group" (TIG) is a standing committee of the 802.11 Working Group that is formed to progress a specific topic.
A TIG might be used prior to a formal study group to raise awareness and understanding of a potential study group.
A TIG follows all the rules for a WG11 standing committee.
A TIG is formed by WG11 motion and dissolved as determined by the WG11 chair.
A TIG group is formed after discussion during a WG11 plenary during which the goals of the TIG are identified, and a motion to form the TIG achieves a simple majority.
Typically a TIG will exist for no more than 6 months.
Once the TIG has determined that there is sufficient interest and technical feasibility to pursue the new topic, a Study Group (SG) can be formed. The SG is really the first formal step involved with the creation of a standards amendment. "A SG is formed when sufficient interest has been identified for a particular area of study within the scope of WG11. The function of a SG is to complete a defined task with specific output and in a specific time frame. Once this task is complete, the function of the SG is complete and its charter expires".
Once the CSD and 5Cs have been fully documented, the Project Authorization Request (PAR) is forwarded to the 802.11 Working Group for approval. If approved by WG11 the PAR is forwarded to the 802 Executive Committee (EC) who then passes it through to the New Standards Committee (NesCom), the Standards Review Committee (RevCom), and then on to the Standards Board. Notice that the EC, Nescom, RevCom, and Standards Board are 802-level administrative committees, which are hierarchically above all 802 working groups including WG11.
Following the approval by the Standards Board, the PAR is approved, the Task Group letter is assigned, and the new TG begins working towards its first draft. Included as part of the PAR approval is a built-in expiration date which sets the PAR to automatically expire after a predetermined time, usually four years. This means that the Task Group must quickly get to work attracting volunteers and technical experts to focus in on the best direction to take in order to complete their objective.
"The function of the Task Group is to produce a draft standard, recommended practice, guideline, supplement, or portion of a draft standard. After the publication by the IEEE of the standard, recommended practice, or guideline, the function of the TG is complete and its charter expires".
The labors of the TG and all other WG committees are performed during recurring, face-to-face plenary and interim sessions. 802.11 WG Plenary sessions host all the active committees of the WG and are conducted three times a year as part of the 802 LMSC plenary sessions. Below is a graphic showing a typical weekly schedule for an 802.11 plenary session (note: schedule is from a 2006 meeting).
In addition, occasional teleconferences are a means to prepare input for upcoming sessions. Teleconferences may not be held more frequently than twice per week.
"A draft must successfully pass a WG11 letter ballot before it can be forwarded to the 802 EC for approval for Sponsor Group voting. All letter ballots are conducted by electronic balloting. Draft standards and amendments are posted to the IEEE 802.11 WG website in the secure member's area." Only current Voting Members have access to this area.
For initial and recirculation (once a ballot has passed with at least 75% approval) ballots, the TG approves submittal to the WG for WG Letter Ballot.
Along with their vote, members may include comments. "The TG must respond to comments that are received during the ballot, regardless of whether the comment is associated with a vote, or from a member of the voting pool." These comments may require a simple review and answer or they may incite modifications to the draft. The draft amendment continues to recirculate in this way until 75% of the voters approve. This step is shown in light green on the flowchart above. That signifies that at this point the draft amendment is nearly complete. Interested parties can begin to trust that this version will be close enough to the final version to begin commercial efforts. It's recognized that while there may still be changes to the draft these can be addressed through updates.
Following approval of the Letter Ballot the document proceeds to Sponsor balloting. Sponsor balloting is open to all interested parties who hold a valid IEEE Standards Association (SA) membership and is conducted over a secure, online portal. However, sponsor balloting privileges can be revoked for non-participation. In other words, if you activate Sponsor Ballot membership, but then fail to vote within the balloting period for a particular draft, your balloting privileges can be revoked. Like the Letter Ballot, Sponsor Balloting requires a 75% approval rate in order to move forward. This step is also shown in light green on the flow chart above.
Once the draft has achieved the necessary percentage of votes and all the comments have been resolved, the document can be forwarded to RevCom for review. If approved by RevCom the draft document can be forwarded to the 802 Standards Board for final approval, which, if successful, completes the modification and review requirements. At this point the document is no longer considered a draft but a fully authorized amendment to the current 802.11 standard. Next the amendment will be published for sale, mostly to manufacturers of Wi-Fi gear, for the next six months. After that it can be downloaded for free at IEEE 802 standards for free download . You should know that there seems to be a time limit on how long the amendments are available at this location. Once they are no longer listed on the free download site, the only place I've found them for further download is at the live 802 meetings. So don't delay getting your free copies as quickly as they become available.
This article is meant to provide a basic understanding of the process that takes place within the 802 LMSC Standards Association and specifically within the 802.11 Working Group. In the upcoming installments of this series I'll provide a detailed expose' into the groundbreaking efforts being done by new WG11 committees such as Full Duplex TIG, and Extremely High Throughput SG. These early efforts may become part of the 802.11 standard soon enough.
In the next chapter, we'll look at some exciting new options that are being added right now by TGax. Watch for the next article in this series entitled, "Future-Fi – 802.11ax Operations in the 6 GHz Band".
Following is a list of all the currently active groups within the 802.11 Working Group with brief explanations of their roles and objectives, at the time of this writing.
Definition: The Working Group is comprised of all of the Standing Committees, Task Groups, Study Groups, and Ad-Hoc Groups. Membership is at the WG level. All WG members may participate in any of these sub-groups.
Definition: A committee with a determined role/task that does not modify the IEEE 802.11 standard. These committees are created by the 802.11 chair and are relatively long-lived.
Coordinate 802.11 activity to enable and support a 3GPP IMT-2020 proposal and specification.
Advises the WG Chair regarding architecture interactions between 802.11 task groups.
Promote an environment that enables IEEE 802.11ax to have "fair access" to global unlicensed spectrum in the 5GHz band.
The editors SC is formed from the technical editors of the WG and its subgroups.
It meets during 802.11 sessions to address editorial topics, such as style, consistency, numbering, publication processes tools. It generally meets once on Tuesday at 7:00am during a session. These meetings are open to all interested parties.
Definition: A committee that gathers together interested members to work together on a specific topic. Typically this might be used before a study group to determine technical feasibility and initial requirements before deciding to request a study group. The TIG is formed by WG motion and dissolved by the WG chair. It typically lasts 6 months.
TIG to examine technical feasibility of full duplex operation. Approved by the WG in January 2018.
TIG to investigate latency and stability issues observed with real time applications such as mobile and multiplayer games, robotics and industrial automation, together with mechanisms to address the issues identified. Approved by the WG in July 2018.
Definition: A committee responsible for researching a possible future amendment. The output of the SG is usually a project authorization request (PAR). Study groups are authorized by the IEEE 802 executive committee (EC) and are expected to have a relatively short lifetime (~6 months). The SG terminates when it has submitted a PAR, or failed to gain approval for a PAR, or when the IEEE 802 EC declines to approve an SG extension.
TIG/SG to provide PAR & CSD for broadcast services. Approved by the WG in January 2018; EC in March 2018.
An amendment that substantially increases the data rates of 802.11 in the 60 GHz frequency band.
Next Generation Positioning – improved accuracy, scalability and adding directionality.
This amendment defines a physical (PHY) layer specification and defines modifications to the medium access control (MAC) layer specification that enables operation of a wake-up radio (WUR).
The WUR is a companion radio to the primary connectivity radio and meets the same range requirement as the primary connectivity radio.
IEEE 802.11bb amendment tol provide all modes of operation of achieving minimum single-link throughput of 10 Mb/s and at least one mode of operation of achieving single-link throughput of at least 5 Gb/s, as measured at the Medium Access Control (MAC) data service access point (SAP).
IEEE 802.11bb amendment shall define operations in the wavelength bands between 380 nm and 5,000 nm.


text:
Friday, Mar 11 2016
A Tragedy Becomes A Crucible Moment For Texas Hospital
The death of a 13-year-old boy who suffered a stroke and sought treatment from Hill Country Memorial was a turning point for the hospital, which had been struggling with budget and poor customer and employee satisfaction. But other rural hospitals have not fared as well.
Kaiser Health News: Back From The Brink, A Rural Texas Hospital Shines
Brad and Sheryl Kott didn't think much of it seven years ago when their 13-year-old son, Quinn, complained his arm felt tingly. But later that day, Mr. Kott found Quinn — a friendly, energetic athlete — on the bathroom floor. His speech was garbled. ... After the family arrived at Hill Country Memorial, the local hospital in Fredericksburg, the Kotts say Quinn's medical care went terribly wrong. ... It wasn't until the next morning that a pediatrician finally examined Quinn. He was rushed to a hospital in San Antonio, about 70 miles south, and died soon after. He had suffered a massive stroke. For Dr. Michael Williams, then Hill Country Memorial's chief executive officer, Quinn Kott's death in 2009 was a crucible moment. (Varney, 3/11)
Kaiser Health News: Hospital Closures Rattle Small Towns
Across the country, more than 50 rural hospitals have closed over the last six years, and another 283 are in fragile financial condition, according to the National Rural Health Association. With rural populations long in decline in the United States, small-town hospitals have lost customers and struggled to keep pace with the striking advancements in medical technology. But the pace of closures has escalated in recent years, hastened by a series of budget control measures passed by Congress that reduced Medicare payments and by the Affordable Care Act, which is slowly restructuring the health care industry. The law rewards scale and connectivity -- difficult goals for rural hospitals that are, by their geographic nature, low-volume and remote. (Varney, 3/10)