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9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief – December 2nd, 2021
Posted on December 2nd, 2021 Last modified on September 8th, 2022 Comments Views : 2.4k
Indian Express
Live Mint
We have initiated some changes in the 9 PM Brief and other postings related to current affairs. What we sought to do:
Ensure that all relevant facts, data, and arguments from today's newspaper are readily available to you.
We have widened the sources to provide you with content that is more than enough and adds value not just for GS but also for essay writing. Hence, the 9 PM brief now covers the following newspapers:
Livemint
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Since these changes are new, so initially the number of articles might increase, but they'll go down over time.
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Mains Oriented Articles
GS Paper 2
BSF DG's remark on demographic change to justify a wider berth in border areas is flawed, disturbing
Why National Security Advisor's advice to IPS probationers is worrying
On POCSO Act: Errors of judgment
Our National Education policy could yet rescue school students
Are crime against women keep them out of the job market
CJI's remarks on a different accountability yardstick for judges is worrying
Law for national security: Vital point on rights is sidestepped in the way SC's Pegasus case is framed
A cautionary tale for banking in Reliance Capital's collapse
4G, 5G or 6G, all need wireless backhaul
How reforms are building momentum for 'India's century'
On Union government accounts – Growth spending
Prelims Oriented Articles (Factly)
Climate disasters displace more people than conflicts now
Lok Sabha passes Bill to regulate assisted reproductive technology
India joins G20's Troika with Indonesia and Italy
Common entrance test for central varsities: plan, criticism
SC pushes for council on judicial infrastructure
NEIA SCHEME
'1,160 elephants killed in a decade'
Child Protection Services Scheme
Set up a council for all forms of media: Parliamentary panel
India-ITU Joint Cyberdrill 2021 commences
Funds for malnutrition scheme under-utilised: data
Sudha Bharadwaj bail: how HC spelt out limitations of sessions court
World Health Assembly agrees for global treaty to 'strengthen pandemic prevention'
Nairobi Declaration set to fast track disaster risk reduction work
The story of India's falling fertility rate, in five charts
Source: This post is based on the article "BSF DG's remark on demographic change to justify a wider berth in border areas is flawed, disturbing" published in Indian Express on 2nd Dec 2021.
Syllabus: GS2 – issues related to federalism
Relevance: Border Security Force (BSF), Federal issue
News: Recently, the centre decided to extend the jurisdiction of the BSF to 50 km from 15 km in border states of Assam, Punjab and West Bengal.
It was stated that the reason for extending the jurisdiction of BSF was to secure the three border states from the inflow of narcotics and weapon, infiltration by terrorists.
However, the recent remark by the director general of BSF denoting "demographic change" as one probable reason for such change is flawed and disturbing.
What was the remark made by the director general of BSF?
He stated that "the demographic balance has been upset in border states like West Bengal and Assam over a period of time" and this has led to increase in agitations and revolts in certain states.
The inference is, deploying BSF in these states will help to control agitations and revolts.
Why the BSF DG's statement raises concerns?
First, it undermines the local police and the state government: The state police are trained and equipped to carry out the tasks such as search, seizure and arrest in case of revolts and undemocratic agitation.
In this regard, the central government's decision to deploy (BSF), overrides objections by state governments, to engage the civilian population.
Second, it weaponises the idea of demographic change: The recent protests against the NRC and CAA were against the framing of Indian citizenship in communal terms. Now, the DGs remark in the same communal lines is disturbing.
ForumIAS is now in Hyderabad. Click here to know more
Source: This post is based on the article "Why National Security Advisor's advice to IPS probationers is worrying" published in Indian Express on 2nd Dec 2021.
Syllabus: GS2 – Role of Civil Services in a Democracy.
Relevance: Civil services, Civil society, Legislature
News: Recently, the National Security Adviser addressed the IPS probationers at the passing-out parade at the National Police Academy, Hyderabad
While addressing the IPS probationers, he made few statements.
One, "People cannot feel safe and secure if law enforcers are weak, corrupt and partisan"
Two, the implementation of laws is more important than their legislation.
Three, "The substance of democracy does not lie in the ballot box. It lies in the laws made by the people who are elected through those ballot boxes".
Four, wars are no longer an effective instrument for achieving political or military objectives. But it is the civil society that can be subverted to hurt the interest of a nation. So, police should focus on protecting the people.
The focus in this statement was on those people in India who were determined upon subverting the nation.
What are the issues on the statements made by NSA?
Firstly, it failed to recognise that civil society and human rights are fundamentally linked: Excessive Protection of the state against civil societies will affect human rights. With states becoming more aggressive, the need is to protect civil society from the state. For instance, a majoritarian state can pass a range of laws affecting the individual rights and liberty. Only if, civil societies are given due protection, it can resist against the aggression of the state.
Secondly, the statement that implementation of laws "is more important than their legislation" cannot be justified always. For instance, forced birth control measures during emergency. Further, India ranks 142 out of 180 in the Global Law index due to the "draconian and colonial laws that still exist like UAPA, sedition etc. In this context, implementing these laws with full commitment will be disastrous to society.
What is the way forward?
First, while protecting the state, the constitutional right of citizens to protest should not be breached.
Second, the more stringent a penal provision, the more strictly it must be interpreted.
Source: This post is based on the article "Errors of judgment" published in The Hindu on 02nd December 2021.
Syllabus: GS2 – Mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of vulnerable sections.
Relevance: To understand the concerns with Allahabad High Court's recent Judgment on POCSO Act.
News: The Allahabad High Court recently held that oral sex with a minor is not a case of 'aggravated penetrative sexual assault' under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act.
About Section 5 and 6 of the POCSO Act
Section 5(m) of the Act clearly lays down that "whoever commits penetrative sexual assault on a child below twelve years" is said to commit "aggravated penetrative sexual assault".
Section 6 prescribes punishment with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than 10 years but may extend to imprisonment for life.
Read more: The POCSO Act and associated issues
Why the Allahabad High Court verdict is controversial?
According to R.K. Vij, a senior IPS officer of Chhattisgarh, the High Court overlooked Section 5(m) of POCSO and convicted the accused of 'penetrative sexual assault' with lesser punishment. Further, he mentions the judgment has the following issues with the judgment.
Firstly, there is no ambiguity about the language used in Section 5 of the Act. Recently, the Supreme Court, while dismissing the requirement of skin-to-skin physical contact in cases of sexual assault, held that where the language of a statute was clear. So, there was no reason for the Court to deviate from the law and award lesser punishment.
Read more: The significance of Supreme Court's recent POCSO decision
Secondly, the POCSO Act does not provide any discretion in awarding punishment of imprisonment. So, the Court was mandated to adhere to the statutory provisions. Hence, the Court cannot award lesser punishment than the minimum 10 years as prescribed in Section 6 of POCSO.
Note: Earlier, the Courts had discretion under Section 376 (punishment for rape) of the IPC to award lesser punishment. But the SC in the State of Rajasthan v. Vinod Kumar case (2012) set aside the High Court order which reduced sentences less than the minimum without recording 'adequate and special reasons'.
Thirdly, earlier the Supreme Court has held that recording of reasons by a judge is an exercise of judicial accountability and transparency. This makes the decision available for further scrutiny. But, the High Court did not deliberate on the reasons for not considering the offence as being of aggravated nature.
Fourthly, it was not even a case where the provision of minimum punishment of 10 years imprisonment for aggravated penetrative sexual assault was under challenge. When there is no such scrutiny, the Court fell into error by not considering the offence under the applicable relevant sections.
What should be done?
Since, monitoring the implementation of the Act is the responsibility of the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights, the State Commission for the Protection of Child Rights, and the State government. So they must challenge the High Court ruling.
Source: This post is based on the article "Our National Education policy could yet rescue school students" published in Livemint on 2nd December 2021.
Syllabus: GS2 Issues Relating to Development and Management of Social Sector/Services relating to Education.
Relevance: Understanding the importance of National Education policy.
News: On the recommendations of the Kothari Commission, the first National Education Policy was released in 1968. The government has again introduced the National Education Policy 2020, which aims to transform the basic architecture culture and approach of Indian education.
Also read: National Education Policy (NEP) 2020: Implementation Plan for School Education
How can the National Education Policy address the learning challenges post covid?
First, NEP's comprehensive and systematic response to tackle problems of basic literacy and numeracy can help students overcome challenges created by the covid pandemic. With proper on-the-ground implementation and policies commitment to transforming the care and education of children, use can be made of the 'Foundational stages'.
Second, As envisaged by the national curriculum framework, there is a need to re-configure and cut down the syllabus to the essentials to meet the learning goals and recover the learning loss. This will help to move children away from rote learning.
Third, there is a need to completely redesign the approach to education in 9 to 12 classes, including how board examinations are conducted.
Fourth, school complexes should be restructured for better outcomes. They should be transformed into communities of schools, teachers and learners. This should be taken up urgently by the states.
Fifth, NEP's thrust to empower teachers and grant autonomy to institutions will enable institutions to be adaptive and flexible.
Source: This post is based on the article "Are crime against women keep them out of the job market" published in Livemint on 2nd December 2021.
Syllabus: GS 2 Issues Relating to Development and Management of Social Sector/Services relating to women.
Relevance: Understanding the reasons, keeping women out of the job market.
News: India's trend of a Female Labour participation rate (FLPR) is a puzzle for researchers.
About the status of Female Labour Participation Rate?
India's FLPR is declining, and it is below the global average of 45%. FLPR has fallen from 31.2% in 2011-12 to 24.5% in 2018-19. The number of working women groups grew by a quarter, but the number of women in jobs declined by 10 million.
Also, India's rank 140 in the 2021 global gender gap index, worsened as compared to the 98th rank in 2006.
Read here: Low labour force participation (LlFP) of Indian women
What is the linkage between education and Female Labour Participation Rate?
After the enactment of the Right to Education, India attained gender parity in primary education. There is an increase in the number of women pursuing higher education. But the FLPR is declining and the unemployment rate of women is increasing.
What are the factors behind the decline in the Female Labour Participation Rate?
1) Domestic responsibilities and burden of unpaid care. 2) Lack of safety and mobility 3) Interplay of social norms and identities. 4) Occupational segregation and limited opportunities to enter non-traditional sectors with inadequate supportive infrastructure such as piped water, cooking fuel
In addition to these, crimes against women and girls (CaW&G) is the most important barrier to women's participation.
What is the impact of crime against women in women's participation?
According to National Crime Records Bureau data, crimes deter women from stepping out to work. This is evident as at the national level FLFPR declined by 8% and CaW&G more than tripled to 57.9%.
State-level analysis shows that there is a negative correlation between FLFPR and crime against women. Data from Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Chhattisgarh and Sikkim show that Low crime against women has led to high FLFPR. States like Bihar, Delhi, Assam and Tripura which have a high crime against women showed low FLFPR.
What should be the way forward?
India needs a comprehensive mechanism that involves states, institutions, communities and households to address CaW&G.
For that, adopting a 'SAFETY' framework—focused on Services, Attitudes, Focus on community, Empowerment of women, Transport and other infrastructure, and Youth interventions—can be the first step.
Source: This post is based on the article "CJI's remarks on a different accountability yardstick for judges is worrying" published in the Indian Express on 2nd December 2021.
Syllabus: GS 2 Structure, Organization and Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary.
Relevance: Understanding the role of Supreme Court.
News: Chief Justice of India in his speech from Constitution Day (26th November), talked about the role of judiciary and executive in providing justice to people.
What is the CJI's viewpoint?
Read here: Judicial Intervention to nudge exec, not usurp its role: CJI
What were the changes done by the Supreme Court?
According to the author, SC has given itself powers in the following critical areas:
Appointment of the judges: SC, in the second judge's case, diluted Article 124 dealing with the appointment of judges. The constitution says that the president may appoint judges in consultation with judges of the supreme court or High Court. But in practice, a collegium consisting of the chief justice and four other judges gives recommendations to the president and the word consultation has been interpreted as concurrence.
Striking laws: SC has acquired the power to strike down laws and amendments which have been passed by parliament even by an overwhelming majority in the name of basic structure doctrine.
Basic Structure: NJAC, which was approved by parliament and 20 of the states, was struck down by the supreme court. Judges selecting judges was declared to be part of the basic structure by the supreme court.
The Supreme Court is definitely supreme, but this position comes along with great responsibility. The Supreme Court must be cognizant of its boundaries and act within the bounds of the constitution.
Source: This post is based on the article "Law for national security: Vital point on rights is sidestepped in the way SC's Pegasus case is framed" published in TOI on 2nd Dec 2021.
Syllabus: GS3 – Challenges to internal security
Relevance: Understanding the implications of Pegasus spyware case, right to privacy, SC's judgement in Pegasus case
News: A month back, Supreme Court had appointed an independent expert technical committee to examine allegations that the government used an Israeli spyware, Pegasus, to snoop on its own citizens. This decision of SC received near-universal acclaim, reaffirming its institutional credibility.
But, the constitutional court could have done more in terms of the outcome of the case.
Must Read: SC's judgement on Pegasus spyware case – Explained, pointwise
Where the SC's judgement fell short of the desired outcome?
Critical question not answered: The court had to determine whether the possible purchase and use of the Pegasus by official agencies violated the fundamental right to personal liberty and privacy of citizens. Usually, in such cases, SC declares whether the government either violated or did not violate fundamental rights. Yet in this case, the basic determination transformed into a question of whether the committee would be set up by the court itself or the government.
Committee was not required: A fact-finding committee may be a necessity in complex governance questions. But, in cases such as Pegasus, where certain individuals came to court claiming a remedy for a violation of their rights, it was not a technical determination. It simply required a yes-or-no answer.
But, why was SC pushed to act in this case?
A major reason is the absence of a national security law that regulates surveillance for lawful purposes through a sensible procedure.
What does a lack of a national security law indicates?
The lack of such a law means three things –
Firstly, that surveillance happens through decisions of bureaucrats and diktat. This approach is inefficient for anyone doing intelligence work.
Secondly, when a violation of privacy is alleged, the court is left with a question of balancing the right to privacy with the requirements of national security. If courts are left with such wide discretion, intelligence gathering will be contingent on the subjective views of various judges. In the absence of a law, outcomes are bound to be dictated by pro-security or pro-liberty inclinations of judges.
Thirdly, the absence of a national security law, creates a culture of fear and apprehension. Intelligence gathering must be done through a procedure established by law. This will ensure responsible investigations and enjoy the confidence of the public too.
Source: This post is based on the article "A cautionary tale for banking in Reliance Capital's collapse" published in Live mint on 2nd Dec 2021.
Syllabus: GS3 – issues related to banking sector
Relevance: Corporatisation of banks
News: Recently, the RBI said that it had superseded the board of a financier controlled by Anil Ambani, appointed an administrator, and would soon be sending the firm to the bankruptcy tribunal.
The Reliance Capital saga shows why RBI remains reluctant to allow big business groups into the banking sector, as recommended by its internal working group.
What lessons does the failure of Reliance Capital episode teaches us with respect to corporatisation of banks?
One, collapse of a bank would significantly affect savings and current account customers. Ultimately, it can cause a loss of trust in the Indian banking system, pushing them towards riskier assets like Bitcoin.
Two, the issue of connected lending. It will take far greater supervisory skills to stay on top of 'connected lending' between banks and the non-bank business interests of controlling shareholders, especially if they happen to be politically influential.
Source: This post is based on the article "4G, 5G or 6G, all need wireless backhaul" published in Business standard on 2nd Dec 2021.
Syllabus: GS3 – Science and Technology- Developments and their Applications and Effects in Everyday Life.
Relevance: 5G technology, Telecom sector
News: The recent Parliamentary Committee report titled, "India's Preparedness for 5G" states that while 59 countries had deployed 5G, India had not done so.
In this regard, the Parliamentary Committee has highlighted the issues/challenges that are hampering India's transition towards 5G technology.
What are the issues/challenges highlighted by the Parliamentary Committee?
– Inadequate spectrum, with only 50 MHz per operator, half the global average. For 4G, average spectrum per operator was even less, at a quarter of the global average.
– Exorbitant spectrum prices
– Insufficient development of 5G use cases
– Low fibre network availability
– Deficient backhaul capacity
What are the solutions to address the above challenges?
To increase accessibility, there is a need to increase investments in wireless backhaul (backhaul generally refers to the side of the network that communicates with the global Internet). India has many urban and rural sites where fibre is not feasible, because of factors such as congestion, distance, limited commercial potential etc. Wireless backhaul can fill in where fibre is not accessible or affordable.
To overcome the issue of inadequate spectrum, India should start using the E and V bands for backhaul, similar to other countries like Japan and South Korea. Also, wireless V and E bands are now reasonable alternatives for distances of about 1 km, and 3-4 km or more.
To improve coverage, reduce costs, and for faster deployment, India can consider an active network sharing model. For instance, A McKinsey report in 2018 cited network sharing had reduced the total cost of ownership by 30%, while improving network quality.
India should plan for a mix of technologies going forward as 4G continues to evolve over the next decade. Policies that result in full 4G coverage of good quality is the need of the hour.
To ensure better outcomes, coordination across government departments and consultation with industry as stipulated in National telecom Policy needs to be adhered.
Source: This post is based on the article "How reforms are building momentum for 'India's century" published in the Indian Express on 2 Dec 2021.
Syllabus: GS3 –Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development, and employment.
Relevance: Understanding the reforms taken to uplift the economy in the short and longer-term.
News: The repeal of the three farm laws is seen through different lenses. Some see it as a sign of stepping back from progressive laws, while others see it as something in the interest of farmers.
Despite taking back some progressive steps, to reform certain sectors like agriculture, due to lack of political consensus, many positive steps have been taken by the government for structural improvements in the economy.
What are the steps taken for the economy's structural shift?
Reforming banking sector:
-Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code(IBC)-Since its enactment in 2016, it helped recover Rs 2.5 trillion from corporate defaulters, yielding a recovery rate of 36% as of June 2021.
-Government recapitalized banks and empowered debt recovery tribunals(DRT). A dedicated Stressed Asset Management Vertical was formed.
Reforming infrastructure:
–Asset Monetisation Program for revenue generation, Productivity Linked Incentive(PLI) Scheme to boost 14 sectors, was launched. Recently, work has started on Asia's biggest airport in UP.
–National Infrastructure Pipeline(NIP) envisages infrastructure investment of Rs 111 lakh crore over 5 years(FY 2020-25). This huge cost is expected to be met through asset recycling and monetisation and by creating a 'development finance institution'.
Reforming PSU's: Air India's privatization and others lined up.
What factors are driving the economy's uplift?
Lesser covid restrictions-Corporates resume capital expenditure across sectors. Core sectors and IT, pharma, are taking the lead in investments.
Government push for PSU's to buy more in order to create a demand and supply cycle. Also, the reduced corporate tax rates with the elimination of many compliances, have made reforms easier.
On the Monetary front– The low-interest rates, an accommodative monetary policy has instilled confidence among corporates to invest more.
The quick resolution of commercial disputes by making mediation the preferred route rather than judicial litigation.
What is the significance of these reforms?
The reforms in the infrastructure sector are vital for overall economic growth and recovery.
-Due to its backward linkages, infrastructure reform creates core sector demand. It creates employment too.
These reforms would pave the way for a 'digital economy', and green economy, which will help India to rise over the next decade.
Source: This post is based on the article "Growth spending" published in Business Standard on 2nd December 2021.
Syllabus: GS3- Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development, and employment.
Relevance: To get an idea of the new Q2 economic data of the fiscal year 2021-22.
News: Union government accounts for Q2 of 2021-22 were released.
What does the report say?
It showed that the government has a comparatively better fiscal position due to better revenue collection. Total revenue receipts were over 70% of the budget estimate.
–Higher nominal growth, will also expand the economy and help contain the fiscal deficit as a percentage of GDP.
GDP in real terms, though increased, is still not at par with the pre-pandemic level. Similarly, Private consumption is still lower.
What are the challenges ahead in the way of fiscal consolidation?
-Overall expenditure is less than the last fiscal year. Similarly, the capital expenditure is also less and reached only 45.7% of the budgeted amount. For the economic recovery, the government needs to push the capital expenditure up.
Additional expenditures will push up the fiscal deficit, such as
-Food subsidy bill increased due to the extended distribution of free food grains till March 2022.
-As the rural job guarantee programme funds(MGNREGA) have been exhausted, the government needs to significantly increase its allocation.
-Also, the government has to fund additional fertiliser subsidies and pay arrears for export incentives.
What is the News?
The "World Migration Report 2022" has been published.
More about the report:
It is a biennial report published by the "International Organization for Migration" (IOM) of the UN.
The report quoted the regular data collation by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC).
The 2022 report on global migration focuses on migration caused by climate change induced factors, like extreme disasters and weather events.
What are the findings of the report?
More people are now being displaced by disasters due to the changing climate compared to conflicts. It has reversed a historical trend. The data is provided just for displacements due to sudden onset disasters and displacement due to slow onset disasters and inter-country displacement are not included in it.
In 2020, 30.7 million new displacements were triggered by disasters in 145 countries and territories. The figure in 2020 has increased despite covid induced containment measures.
-Around 76% of the new displacement in the world was caused by disasters in 2020.
-The Philippines experienced the highest absolute number of new disaster displacements in 2020.
-Most of the new displacement is due to climate-related events: storms (most displacements), floods, extreme temperatures, and drought.
Projected displacements
According to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, droughts could lead to the migration of 22 million more in Africa, 12 million in South America, and 10 million in Asia by 2059 (in comparison to the 2000-2015 period).
Source: This post is based on the article "Climate disasters displace more people than conflicts now" published in Down To Earth on 2nd December 2021.
Lok Sabha has passed the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill, 2021.
What is Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill, 2021?
Aim: To regulate and supervise assisted reproductive technology clinics and banks, prevent misuse of the technology and promote the ethical practice of the services.
Note: Assisted reproductive technology(ART) includes medical procedures used primarily to address infertility. Examples of ART services include gamete (sperm or oocyte) donation, in-vitro-fertilisation (fertilising an egg in the lab) and gestational surrogacy (the child is not biologically related to the surrogate mother).
What are the key provisions of the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill, 2021?
Regulation of ART Clinics: The Bill provides for the establishment of the National Registry of Clinics and Banks, which will act as a central database for details of all the clinics and banks in the country. The Registry will grant registration to ART clinics which will be valid for five years and can be renewed for a further five years. Registration may be cancelled or suspended if the entity contravenes the provisions of the Bill.
National and State Boards: The Bill also provides for the establishment of National and State Boards for Surrogacy for the regulation of ART services. The National Board shall advise the Central Government on policy matters relating to assisted reproductive technology.
Rules for ART service providers: ART procedures can only be carried out with the written informed consent of both the person seeking ART services as well as the gamete donor.
Rights of a Child Born through ART: The Bill provides that the child born through assisted reproductive technology shall be deemed to be a biological child of the commissioning couple and the said child shall be entitled to all the rights and privileges available to a natural child only from the commissioning couple under any law for the time being in force.
Offences: Offences under the bill include clinics offering sex selection, abandoning or exploiting children born through ART, the selling, buying, or importing of human embryos and exploiting the couple or donors concerned in any form. Proposed jail terms for violations range from five to 12 years, and fines from Rs 5 lakh to Rs 25 lakh.
What are the issues with the Bill?
Firstly, the Bill doesn't include lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender people (LGBTQ) or single men for exercising the right of ART.
Secondly, the Government should consider supporting poor childless parents to take ART's help.
Source: This post is based on the following articles:
"Lok Sabha passes Bill to regulate assisted reproductive technology" published in Indian Express on 2nd December, 2021.
"Bill to regulate IVF clinics passed in Lok Sabha" published in The Hindu on 2nd December, 2021.
India has joined the G20 'Troika'.
What is Troika?
Troika refers to the top grouping within the G20 that consists of the current, previous and incoming presidencies.
Currently, Troika consists of Indonesia, Italy, and India – the current, previous and incoming G20 Presidencies respectively.
G20 Presidency
Indonesia has assumed the G20 Presidency from Italy and will convene the G20 Leaders' Summit in October 2022 under the overall theme of "Recover Together Recover Stronger".
India will assume the G20 Presidency on December 1, 2022, from Indonesia and will convene the G20 Leaders' Summit for the first time in India in 2023.
Click Here to read about G20 Grouping and its Relevance
Source: This post is based on the article "India joins G20's Troika with Indonesia and Italy" published in The Hindu on 2nd December, 2021.
University Grants Commission (UGC) has written to central universities to take appropriate measures for conducting the Central Universities Common Entrance Test (CUCET) for admission in undergraduate and postgraduate courses from the 2022-23 academic session.
What is the Central Universities Common Entrance Test (CUCET)?
CUCET was launched in the year 2010 to conduct Common Entrance Test for Central Universities.
Currently, 12 central universities hold CUCET with the assistance of the National Testing Agency(NTA).
What are the changes that will be made now?
From the 2022-23 academic session, a common entrance test is likely to be conducted by the National Testing Agency(NTA) across all central universities in India for admissions to undergraduate and postgraduate courses.
This marks a departure from the current predominant pattern of screening based on class 12 marks.
The test will cover sciences, humanities, languages, arts, and vocational subjects, and is likely to be held at least twice every year.
However, the test does not have under its ambit engineering and medical courses that are offered by some of the central universities.
What is the rationale behind a Common Entrance Test?
The National Education Policy,2020 envisages that a common entrance will test the conceptual understanding and ability to apply knowledge, and will aim to eliminate the need for taking coaching for these exams.
Moreover, this decision of a common entrance test for all universities comes at a time when unrealistic cutoffs for admission to premier institutions like Delhi University have underlined the need for alternatives. The UGC hopes that CUCET will create a level playing field.
What is the criticism against this decision?
Common entrance tests will not be an improvement to unrealistic cutoffs. This is because children come from very different socio-economic backgrounds and to expect them to sit together and tackle a centrally-set paper will not be fair.
Source: This post is based on the article "Common entrance test for central varsities: plan, criticism" published in Indian Express on 1st December 2021.
The Chief Justice of India has proposed the establishment of the National Judicial Infrastructure Corporation to uniformly improve judicial facilities and access to justice.
What is the status of the Judicial Infrastructure in India?
An all-India survey was conducted by the Chief Justice of India's office to know the status of the Judicial Infrastructure in Trial Courts.
According to the survey, only 27% of courtrooms in the subordinate judiciary have computers on judges' dias while there are still 10% of courts that do not have access to proper internet facilities.
Moreover, 22% of trial court complexes do not have any toilet facilities for women, while 16% don't have such a facility for men either.
Furthermore, there are 620 court complexes that still operate from rented premises and only 54% of the total complexes have basic medical facilities.
What is the reason behind judicial infrastructure lag?
To develop judicial infrastructure, funds are extended by the central government and states under the Centrally-Sponsored Scheme for Development of Judiciary Infrastructure which began in 1993.
Under the scheme, the ratio of fund sharing between the Centre and state is 60:40 for all states except those in the Northeast and the Himalayan region where it is 90:10.
However, states do not come forward with their share of funds and consequently, money allocated under the scheme is often left unspent with them and lapses.
What is the solution, then?
CJI has proposed the establishment of the National Judicial Infrastructure Corporation(NJIC). It will be the nodal agency for infrastructural developments.
Both the central and state governments will contribute their share of funds outlined in the centrally-sponsored scheme to the NJIC which will then release the finances to the high courts according to their requirement.
Source: This post is based on the article "SC pushes for council on judicial infrastructure" published in The Hindu on 2nd December 2021.
The Ministry of Commerce and Industry has informed the Lok Sabha about the National Export Insurance Account(NEIA) Trust.
What is the National Export Insurance Account(NEIA) Trust?
NEIA Trust was set up in 2006 by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
Aim: To ensure the availability of credit risk cover for projects and other high-value exports, which are desirable from the point of view of national interest but which Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India (ECGC) is unable to underwrite due to capacity constraints.
What types of export transactions are eligible for inclusion under NEIA?
The following types of export transactions are eligible for inclusion under NEIA:
Only such medium and long-term export projects which are viable and for which reinsurance is not available.
Exports to countries that are not likely to be covered on purely commercial considerations or are beyond country-exposure limits of ECGC or countries currently facing economic/political difficulties, but where Indian presence is required.
Transactions involving investments by Indian companies in overseas markets can be covered for the protection of their investments against expropriation risks and limited recourse covers (insolvency risks).
Note: Expropriation is the act of a government claiming privately owned property against the wishes of the owners, ostensibly to be used for the benefit of the overall public.
Source: This post is based on the article "NEIA SCHEME" published in PIB on 1st December, 2021.
A document accessed from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change(MoEFCC) has provided the data on the death of Elephants.
What is the data provided by the document?
Around 1,160 elephants were killed in the country for reasons other than natural causes in the 10 years up to December 31,2020.
Electrocution claimed the most of the lives of Elephants.This was followed by Train Hits, Poaching and Poisoning.
Karnataka and Odisha reported the highest number of Elephant deaths due to electrocution.
Among elephant casualties due to train hits, Assam stood first followed by West Bengal.
Odisha stood first in the highest number of Elephant deaths due to poaching.
On the other hand, Assam reported the highest number of elephant deaths due to poisoning.
Elephants Population and Conservation measures
India had a total of 29,964 wild elephants as per an estimate done in 2017.
The southern region comprising Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra accounted for the highest population — 14,612 elephants.
A Permanent Coordination Committee has also been constituted between the Ministry of Railways and the MoEFCC for preventing elephant deaths due to train hits.
Source: This post is based on the article "1,160 elephants killed in a decade" published in Indian Express on 1st December 2021.
The Union Minister for Women and Child Development has informed Rajya Sabha about the Child Protection Services Scheme.
What is the Child Protection Services Scheme?
It is a centrally sponsored scheme under the Ministry of Women and Child Development.
Under the scheme, support is provided to States and UT Governments for delivering services for children in need and difficult circumstances.
The Child Care Institutions(CCIs) established under the scheme, support inter-alia age-appropriate education, access to vocational training, recreation, health care, counselling etc. and equally covers rural and urban children.
What is the Children Population in India according to the census?
As per census 2011, there are 472 million children below the age of 18 years and comprise 39% of the total population in India.
Source: This post is based on the article "Child Protection Services Scheme" published in PIB on 1st December 2021.
The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Communications and Information Technology has submitted two reports titled "Ethical Standards In Media Coverage" and "Suspension Of Telecom Services/Internet And Its Impact" to the Parliament.
What are the recommendations given by the Ethical Standards In Media Coverage report?
Setup a Media Council: A 'Media Council' should be set up with statutory powers to enforce its powers to check "irregularities" in print, electronic and digital media platforms. This is because existing regulatory bodies like the Press Council of India(PCI) and News Broadcasting and Digital Standards Authority(NBDSA) have limited efficacy because they do not have the powers to enforce their decisions.
Restructure the Press Council of India(PCI) to cover all types of Media. Currently, PCI covers only print media.
Fake News: The panel expressed concern over the circulation of widespread fake news on social media and digital news platforms. However, it appreciated the establishment of Fact Check Units at 17 regional offices of the Press Information Bureau.
What are the recommendations given by the Suspension Of Telecom Services/Internet And Its Impact report?
There should be no blanket ban on Internet services in situations of unrest or law and order crisis.
Instead, the Department of Telecom can explore the option of banning selective services such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Telegram.
The selective banning can help control the spread of misinformation during the unrest and can allow financial services, health, education and various other services to continue to operate for business as usual.
Moreover, a thorough study should be commissioned by the government to assess the impact of the internet shutdown on the economy and find out its effectiveness.
Note: According to the Cellular Operators Association of India, telecom operators lose Rs 2.45 crore per hour in every Circle Area where there is a shutdown or throttling.
"Set up a council for all forms of media: Parliamentary panel" published in TOI on 1st December 2021.
"Avoid blanket internet ban, says Parliament panel" published in TOI on 1st December 2021.
The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has launched the India-ITU Joint Cyberdrill 2021.
What is India-ITU Joint Cyberdrill 2021?
The ITU aims to improve the cybersecurity readiness, protection and incident response capabilities of Member States by conducting CyberDrills at the national and regional levels.
India-ITU Cyberdrill is intended for Indian entities, especially critical network infrastructure operators.
At this drill, cyber-attacks, information security incidents and other disruptions will be simulated to test an organization's cyber capabilities.
This drill will help spread awareness among various public sector departments and agencies of India so that their strategies can be validated for response mechanisms, prevention recovery and business continuity.
What are the other facts mentioned in the article?
Sydney Dialogue: It is an initiative of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute. It is an annual summit of cyber and critical technologies to discuss the fallout of the digital domain on the law and order situation in the world.
Global Cybersecurity Index(GCI): It is released by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It measures the commitment of countries to cybersecurity at a global level. India has secured the 10th rank in this index.
Source: This post is based on the article "India-ITU Joint Cyberdrill 2021 commences" published in PIB on 2nd December 2021.
The Ministry of Women and Child Development (WCD) has released data on the progress of the Poshan Abhiyan Scheme.
What does the data say on Poshan Abhiyan?
The funds released under the Poshan Abhiyan Programme which is aimed at curbing malnutrition in the country stand severely under-utilised.
Out of the 36 states and UTs, no state or UT has completely used its funds for Poshan Abhiyan.
States such as West Bengal have not utilised any money allocated under Poshan Abhiyan. Uttar Pradesh has utilised less than half of the funds allocated.
Malnutrition in Children
According to Census 2011, there are over 46 crore children in the country.
Among them, over 33 lakh children in India are malnourished and more than half of them fall in the Severely Malnourished Category(SAM) with Maharashtra, Bihar and Gujarat topping the list.
Note: WHO defines SAM by very low weight-for-height or a mid-upper arm circumference less than 115 mm, or by the presence of nutritional oedema.
Source: This post is based on the article "Funds for malnutrition scheme under-utilised: data" published in Indian Express on 2nd December 2021.
Source: This post is based on the article "Sudha Bharadwaj bail: how HC spelt out limitations of sessions court" published in Indian Express on 2nd December 2021.
Bombay High Court granted bail to lawyer-activist Sudha Bharadwaj, an accused in the Elgar Parishad case.
What was the High Court's observation regarding the bail?
HC affirmed that sessions court had no power to extend arrest under UAPA. The court stated that under the National Investigation Agency Act, a special court is to be designated and the sessions court had no jurisdiction to extend the detention beyond 90 days. So a default bail should have been automatically granted to the accused.
What is default bail?
A Code of criminal procedure sets deadlines for investigative agencies to complete investigations during which the accused can be kept in custody. If the agency fails to meet these deadlines, then the accused becomes entitled to default or regular bail.
Under section 167 CrPC, the maximum period of detention is 90 days. However, under UAPA, courts can extend the custody up to 180 days.
In the Elgar Parishad case, the legal question was whether the sessions court had the legal jurisdiction to extend the custody, if not the matter should have been handled by a special judge.
Who is the special judge under the law?
Before 2008, under UAPA, the jurisdiction to try offences punishable with maximum imprisonment of more than 7 years is vested with the sessions court. For offences punishable with maximum imprisonment of not more than seven years is vested with the magistrate.
In 2008, The NIA act was passed and UAPA was amended. Now, all scheduled offences are to be tried exclusively by a special court under the NIA act. If there is no designated special court, then the sessions court, which is the highest court to try criminal offences, will have this jurisdiction. Thus, the extension of arrest orders for the accused becomes questionable.
Why was the extension challenged?
In Bikramjit Singh versus the State of Punjab case, 2020, the Supreme Court held that only a special court had jurisdiction to extend detention up to 180 days under UAPA.
Since the Maharashtra government had designated a special court in Pune at that time, the sessions court had no jurisdiction to extend the custody.
Source: This post is based on the article "World Health Assembly agrees for global treaty to 'strengthen pandemic prevention'" published in DTE on 2nd Dec 2021.
The World Health Assembly (WHA) took the historic decision to form a global treaty to "strengthen pandemic prevention, preparedness and response" in its recent session.
The decision came at a time when the global COVID-19 situation has once again become wary with the detection of the Omicron variant last week, the fifth variant of concern.
Read more: What the Omicron variant means for India
About the WHA decision
The decision was arrived upon after five meetings and "findings from several bodies." The decision was made in a special assembly, the second such since WHO's inception in 1948.
The Assembly termed this move as a "once-in-a-generation opportunity" to better prepare the global healthcare system in the face of future pandemics or other health emergencies.
Who will be responsible for drafting the treaty?
An Intergovernmental Negotiating Body (INB) will be responsible for drafting and negotiating a treaty under Article 19 of the World Health Organisation's (WHO) Constitution.
Note: The launch of putting together this accord is the second such initiative taken under Article 19. The first initiative was the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which came into effect in 2005.
The INB will hold its first meeting on March 1, 2022, to decide on timelines and working ways.
The INB will also hold public hearings and "deliver a progress report to the 76th World Health Assembly in 2023, and submit its outcome for consideration by the 77th World Health Assembly in 2024."
About the World Health Assembly and Article 19
It is a forum through which the World Health Organization (WHO) is governed by its 194 member states.
Article 19 of the WHO constitution mentions, "the Health Assembly shall have authority to adopt conventions or agreements with respect to any matter within the competence of the Organization". A two-thirds vote of the Health Assembly shall be required for the adoption of such conventions or agreements.
Read here: World Health Assembly(WHA)
Source: This post is based on the article "Nairobi Declaration set to fast track disaster risk reduction work" published in DTE on 2nd Dec 2021.
The Nairobi Declaration was adopted by African nations in November. It underlined the need to deliver commitments on the Programme of Action (PoA) for implementing the Sendai Framework in Africa.
About the Nairobi Declaration
The declaration was adopted at the Eighth Africa Regional Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction that took place in Nairobi, Kenya, on November.
The declaration included the action plans under the PoA, to implement Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), 2015-2030.
Nairobi declaration will contribute to the Global Platform for DRR scheduled to be held in May 2022, in Indonesia.
Note: Tunis declaration was adopted at the Africa Arab Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction held in Tunis in 2018. Under it, 25 African countries have adopted DRR strategies and action plans aligned with the Sendai Framework.
About Eighth Africa Regional Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction(DRR)
Theme: Towards Disaster Risk-Informed Development for a Resilient Africa in a COVID-19 Transformed World
Organised by: United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), in collaboration with the African Union Commission and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development.
About Sendai Framework
The Sendai framework provides for a clear policy pathway in guiding countries and communities to substantially reduce the effects of shocks caused by natural and human-induced hazards by 2030 compared to 2005-2015.
It was the first major agreement of the post-2015 development agenda that provided member states with concrete actions to protect development gains from the risk of disaster.
Read more: About Sendai Framework and its targets
Source: This post is based on the article "The story of India's falling fertility rate, in five charts" published in Livemint on 2nd Dec 2021.
According to the latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS 2019-21), India's Total Fertility Rates (TFR) has reached 2.0 at the national level. Achievement of TFR is a significant feat for the country's family-planning programme.
Must read: NFHS-5 and its findings – Explained, pointwise
About the data on NFHS-5 on population
Source: Livemint
Urban-Rural Gap: Rural areas have always had far greater fertility rates than urban areas. But that gap seems to be closing. For the first time, rural India has finally reached the replacement-level mark (2.1) in 2019-21 NFHS. Urban India had reached the mark in the 2005-06 survey.
Fertility Age: The trend of marrying late is more common in cities. As women marry later, fertility has been declining across younger age groups. The biggest change was noted in the 15-19 age group, with a marked decline in teenage pregnancies over the years.
The mean age of fertility also inched up from 26.5 years in 2011 to 28.4 years in 2018. Detailed NFHS data that would have age-wise fertility trends is not out yet.
Laggard states: Bihar, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Manipur remain the only states with fertility rates above the replacement level and the national average.
Underlying Roadblocks: India's declining fertility is not a consequence of any top-down policy or coercive sanctions, but a sign of increasing prosperity. The laggard states still have to progress on a slew of indicators such as women literacy, marriage age and family planning, which directly or indirectly impact fertility.
Gender Roles: Data shows that even in 2021, one in three married women aged 15-49 does not resort to family planning. The burden of contraception still largely falls on women. As many as 38% of married women rely on female sterilization to prevent unwanted pregnancy.
In comparison, male sterilization is a rarity and has significantly declined since 2005-06, from 1% to 0.3%. The use of condoms is low at 9.5%, seeing a modest rise from 5.6% in the last five years.
This suggests that more male health workers have to be deployed as "ambassadors of change to promote family planning uptake among men".
Read more: With India's demographic transition, come challenges
10 PM Daily Current Affairs Quiz |January – 28 – 2023
We are posting the 10 PM current affairs quiz for today. Under our 10 PM current affairs quiz initiative, we are posting 10 MCQs sources from news articles, on a daily basis. MCQs in this initiative are sourced from PIB, The Hindu, Indian Express, etc.
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Question From The Homeless In Hills
Source: The post is based on an article "Question From The Homeless In Hills" published in The Times of India on 28th January 2023. Syllabus: GS 3 – Disaster Management Relevance: problems related to land subsidence in Uttarakhand News: The land subsidence of Joshimath has been caused due to the failure of the government as well as… Continue reading Question From The Homeless In Hills
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Regional RBIs: The case for baby RBIs
Source: The post is based on the article "The case for baby RBIs" published in the Business Standard on 28th January 2023. Syllabus: GS3- Indian economy and mobilisation of resources Relevance: Issues relating to monetary policy News: The article explains the possibility of regional RBIs for India. What is the need for regional RBIs in India? … Continue reading Regional RBIs: The case for baby RBIs
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Why we need to focus on mental health
Source: The post is based on the article "Why we need to focus on mental health" published in The Indian Express on 28th January 2023. Syllabus: GS2- Issues related to the development and management of health Relevance: Issues related to mental health News: The article explains the prevalence of mental health and its impacts. What… Continue reading Why we need to focus on mental health
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India's groundwater governance is in better shape
Source: The post is based on the article "India's groundwater governance is in better shape" published in The Hindu on 28th January 2023. Syllabus: GS1- Economic geography. GS2- Government policies and interventions Relevance: Regulation and management of groundwater resources. News: The article explains the facts and statistics about groundwater in India. What are some facts… Continue reading India's groundwater governance is in better shape
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The moral and intellectual crises in economic policies
Source: The post is based on the article "The moral and intellectual crises in economic policies" published in The Hindu on 28th January 2023. Syllabus: GS3- Indian economy: growth, development and employment Relevance: Paradoxes of GDP growth News: The article explains the intellectual and moral crisis affecting the Indian economy. What is the crisis of employment… Continue reading The moral and intellectual crises in economic policies
Padma award is an honour for the Etikoppaka toy craft, says C.V. Raju
Source: The post is based on the article "Padma award is an honour for the Etikoppaka toy craft, says C.V. Raju" published in PIB on 27th January 2023 What is the News? Shri C V Raju from Etikoppaka village, Visakhapatnam,Andhra Pradesh has been conferred with Padma Shri for preserving the traditional method of making Etikoppaka… Continue reading Padma award is an honour for the Etikoppaka toy craft, says C.V. Raju
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MeitY Startup Hub and Meta shortlists 120 Startups and Innovators for the XR Startup Program
Source: The post is based on the article "MeitY Startup Hub and Meta shortlists 120 Startups and Innovators for the XR Startup Program" published in PIB on 27th January 2023 What is the News? MeitY Startup Hub(MSH), an initiative of the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY) and Meta have announced the list of… Continue reading MeitY Startup Hub and Meta shortlists 120 Startups and Innovators for the XR Startup Program
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What is BharOS software and how different is it from Google's Android OS?
Source: The post is based on the article "What is BharOS software and how different is it from Google's Android OS?" published in The Hindu on 25th January 2023 What is the News? IIT Madras-incubated company has recently developed the BharOS system. What is the BharOS System? BharOS is an indigenous, or homegrown, mobile operating… Continue reading What is BharOS software and how different is it from Google's Android OS?
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Ken-Betwa Link Project: Benefits and Challenges – Explained, pointwise
For 7PM Editorial Archives click HERE → Introduction The Steering Committee for the Ken-Betwa Link Project recently held its 3rd meeting in New Delhi. The Chairperson of the Committee (Secretary, Department of Water Resources) remarked that the Ken-Betwa Link Project is a 'flagship' project of the Government and 'it is critical for the water security and socio-economic development of… Continue reading Ken-Betwa Link Project: Benefits and Challenges – Explained, pointwise
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Study explains migration events that brought genetic diversity among Nepalese population
Source: The post is based on the article "Study explains migration events that brought genetic diversity among Nepalese population" published in PIB on 27th January 2023 What is the News? According to a study, Tibeto-Burman communities were pre-historic Himalayan settlers, and their East Asian ancestry can be traced back to Neolithic immigration mostly from Tibet… Continue reading Study explains migration events that brought genetic diversity among Nepalese population
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Source: The post is based on the article "Ramcharitmanas of Tulsidas, and criticism of the holy book" published in Indian Express on 28th January 2023 What is the News? Bihar Education Minister has said that the Ramcharitmanas spreads hatred in society. What is Ramcharitmanas? Ramcharitmanas is an epic poem in the Awadhi language composed by… Continue reading Ramcharitmanas of Tulsidas, and criticism of the holy book
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12 cheetahs from South Africa to arrive in India by February-end
Source: The post is based on the article "12 cheetahs from South Africa to arrive in India by February-end" published in The Hindu on 28th January 2023 What is the News? India and South Africa have signed an agreement to translocate 12 cheetahs to India. About Cheetah's Reintroduction Programme In India, the Cheetah's population got… Continue reading 12 cheetahs from South Africa to arrive in India by February-end
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The Indus Waters Treaty, and why India has issued notice to Pakistan seeking changes
Source: The post is based on the following articles "The Indus Waters Treaty, and why India has issued notice to Pakistan seeking changes" published in Indian Express on 28th January 2023 "River Bends – Pakistan should stop subverting the Indus Water Treaty" published in The Times of India on 28th January 2023 What is the… Continue reading The Indus Waters Treaty, and why India has issued notice to Pakistan seeking changes
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[Answered] Mains Marathon I Daily Answer Writing I January 27th, 2023
Dear Friends, Following are answers to Mains Marathon questions, we posted yesterday. About Mains Marathon – This is an initiative of ForumIAS to help/aid aspirants in their writing skills, which is crucial to conquering mains examination. Every morning, we post 2 questions are based on current affairs. The questions framed are meaningful and relevant to the exam.… Continue reading [Answered] Mains Marathon I Daily Answer Writing I January 27th, 2023
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Must Read Current Affairs Articles – January 28th, 2023
About Must Read News Articles: Must Read News Articles is an initiative by Team ForumIAS to provide links to the most important news articles of the day. It covers The Hindu newspaper. This saves the time and effort of students in identifying useful and important articles. With newspaper websites requiring a paid subscription beyond a certain… Continue reading Must Read Current Affairs Articles – January 28th, 2023
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[Download] Prelims Marathon Weekly Compilation – January, 2023 – 3rd week
Hello everyone, We are posting a compilation of Prelims Marathon for the month of January 2023 – Third week. Click on the following link to download Download About Prelims Marathon Daily Prelims Marathon is focused on UPSC Prelims 2023. Under this initiative, we post, daily 10 MCQs, based on the provided weekly schedule. For More… Continue reading [Download] Prelims Marathon Weekly Compilation – January, 2023 – 3rd week
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A 'Holocaust education' for India to create a just present
Source: The post is based on the article "A 'Holocaust education' for India to create a just present" published in The Hindu on 27th January 2023. Syllabus: GS 1 – World History Relevance: learnings from the Holocaust News: 27th January is remembered as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. Six million Jews were murdered by Nazi-Germany in the Holocaust.… Continue reading A 'Holocaust education' for India to create a just present
The blurred lines between gaming and gambling
Source: The post is based on the article "The blurred lines between gaming and gambling" published in The Hindu on 27th January 2023. Syllabus: GS 2 – Governance Relevance: concerns associated with the online gaming industry News: Some online gaming such as rummy and poker involves financial risks. Despite this, they are not considered as gambling. What… Continue reading The blurred lines between gaming and gambling
A chink in the Indo-Pak ice
Source: This post is created based on the article "A chink in the Indo-Pak ice", published in Business Standard on 27th January 2023. Syllabus Topic – GS Paper 2 – International relations – India and its neighborhood News: Lately, India- Pakistan relations have taken a positive turn after years of stagnancy. What are the developments?… Continue reading A chink in the Indo-Pak ice
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Japan to flush Fukushima wastewater
Source: This post is created based on the article "Japan to flush Fukushima wastewater", published in The Hindu on 27th January 2023. Syllabus Topic – GS Paper 3 – Environmental Pollution News: Japan is expected to start flushing 1.25 million tonnes of wastewater from the embattled Fukushima nuclear power plant into the Pacific Ocean this… Continue reading Japan to flush Fukushima wastewater
Invent In India – on defence indigenisation in India
Source– The post is based on the article "Invent In India" published in The Times of India on 27th January 2023. Syllabus: GS3- Security Relevance– Defence reforms and modernisation News– The article explains the need for defence indigenisation in India. It also explains the steps needed to be taken for defence indigenisation. Why is there… Continue reading Invent In India – on defence indigenisation in India
In Good Faith: Pranam vs Pramana — why faith and science must co-exist
Source– The post is based on the article "In Good Faith: Pranam vs Pramana — why faith and science must co-exist" published in The Indian Express on 27th January 2023. Syllabus: GS4- Ethics and human interface Relevance– Conflict between values of scientific approach and faith News– The article explains the difference between faith and science.… Continue reading In Good Faith: Pranam vs Pramana — why faith and science must co-exist
India and Egypt relationship
Source– The post is based on the article "Sisi's visit as Republic Day chief guest: India's Egypt opportunity" and "Delhi to Cairo" published in The Indian Express on 27th January 2023. News– The article explains the historical aspects of the bilateral relationship between India and Egypt. Sisi visited India as Chief Guest of this year's… Continue reading India and Egypt relationship
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Fighting The Big G – on big tech's anti-competitive practices
Source– The post is based on the article "Fighting The Big G" published in The Times of India on 27th January 2023. Syllabus: GS3- Awareness in the field of IT Relevance– Regulation of digital ecosystem News– The article explains the issue of dominant position and anti-competitive practices of big digital players in the digital space.… Continue reading Fighting The Big G – on big tech's anti-competitive practices
Issues Related to the Office of Governor – Explained, pointwise
For 7PM Editorial Archives click HERE → Introduction The role, powers, and discretion of the Office of Governor have been the subject of Constitutional, Political, and Legal debate for decades. The relationship between the Office of Governor and the elected Government has been strained and tense in multiple States in recent times. Critics argue that the recent political… Continue reading Issues Related to the Office of Governor – Explained, pointwise
India and Egypt reiterate support for Non-Aligned Movement
Source: The post is based on the article "India and Egypt reiterate support for Non-Aligned Movement" published in The Hindu on 27th January 2023 What is the News? The Egyptian President was the chief guest at India's Republic Day parade.He also met the Indian Prime Minister. What are the key highlights from the Egyptian President's… Continue reading India and Egypt reiterate support for Non-Aligned Movement
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China has exploited tribal alienation along India-Myanmar border
Source: The post is based on the article "China has exploited tribal alienation along India-Myanmar border" published in The Hindu on 25th January 2023 What is the News? Indian Police Service(IPS) officers have presented three papers on China at the annual All India Conference of Directors-General and Inspectors-General of Police. What are the key highlights… Continue reading China has exploited tribal alienation along India-Myanmar border
Union Health Minister unveils world's first intranasal COVID19 vaccine, iNNCOVACC
Source: The post is based on the article "Union Health Minister unveils world's first intranasal COVID19 vaccine, iNNCOVACC" published in PIB on 26th January 2023 What is the News? The Union Minister of Health & Family Welfare has unveiled the iNNCOVACC COVID19 vaccine. What is iNNCOVAC? iNNCOVACC is the world's first intranasal COVID19 vaccine to… Continue reading Union Health Minister unveils world's first intranasal COVID19 vaccine, iNNCOVACC
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States fall short of target to improve forest cover, quality
Source: The post is based on the article "States fall short of target to improve forest cover, quality" published in The Hindu on 27th January 2023 What is the News? India is lagging behind in the targets to increase the number and quality of tree- and forest-cover plantations set in the Green India Mission. What… Continue reading States fall short of target to improve forest cover, quality
Bharat Parv 2023 inaugurated at Red Fort lawns
Source: The post is based on the article "Bharat Parv 2023 inaugurated at Red Fort lawns" published in PIB on 26th January 2023 What is the News? The six – day mega event "Bharat Parv" was inaugurated today at Red Fort Lawns. What is Bharat Parv? Organized by: Ministry of Tourism Purpose: To showcase the… Continue reading Bharat Parv 2023 inaugurated at Red Fort lawns
Monuments of National Importance: The Urgent Need for Rationalization
Source: The post is based on the article "Monuments of National Importance: The Urgent Need for Rationalization" published in TOI on 27th January 2023 What is the News? The Economic Advisory Council (EAC) to the Prime Minister has released a report titled 'Monuments of National Importance: The Urgent Need for Rationalization'. What are Monuments of… Continue reading Monuments of National Importance: The Urgent Need for Rationalization
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India's first mission to study the sun to begin by June-July
Source: The post is based on the article "India's first mission to study the sun to begin by June-July" published in The Hindu on 27th January 2023 What is the News? The Indian Space Research Organisation(ISRO) is planning to launch the Aditya-L1 mission by June or July 2023. What is Aditya L1? Aditya-L1 is the… Continue reading India's first mission to study the sun to begin by June-July
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What ails the Ken-Betwa River link project?
Source: The post is based on the article "What ails the Ken-Betwa River link project?" published in The Hindu on 25th January 2023. Syllabus: GS 3 – Environment Relevance: concerns associated with the Ken-Betwa Link Project. News: The Steering Committee of the Ken-Betwa Link Project (KBLP) held its third meeting recently. KBLP is an important project but… Continue reading What ails the Ken-Betwa River link project?
Building resilience for the long game
Source– The post is based on the article "Building resilience for the long game" published in the Business Standard on 25th January 2023. Syllabus: GS3- Indian economy and mobilisation of resources Relevance– Issues related to fiscal policy News-The article explains the economic scenario around the world and for India. It also provides some suggestions for… Continue reading Building resilience for the long game
The new and dark interpretations of 'We the People'
Source– The post is based on the article "The new and dark interpretations of 'We the People'" published in The Hindu on 25th January 2023. Syllabus: GS2- Polity Relevance– Working of institutions in Indian democracy News– The article explains the recent speech by the Vice-President about separation of powers. It tells about the features of… Continue reading The new and dark interpretations of 'We the People'
Developing schools without barriers
Source– The post is based on the article "Developing schools without barriers" published in The Hindu on 25th January 2023. Syllabus: GS2- Vulnerable action of the population Relevance– Issue related to disabled children News– The article explains the challenges faced by disabled children. It also explains various national and international initiatives that provide educational access… Continue reading Developing schools without barriers
Working hand in hand to showcase India
Source– The post is based on the article "Working hand in hand to showcase India" published in The Hindu on 25th January 2023. Syllabus: GS2- Government policies and interventions Relevance– Tourism sector News– The article explains the steps taken by the Ministry of Tourism to promote coordination among various ministries. It also explains the draft… Continue reading Working hand in hand to showcase India
Conference of top cops, attended by PM Narendra Modi, must not ignore basic policing problems
Source: The post is based on an article "Conference of top cops, attended by PM Narendra Modi, must not ignore basic policing problems" published in The Indian Express on 25th January 2023. Syllabus: GS 2 – Governance Relevance: concerns associated with the Indian police system News: The Indian police system has lots of concerns but these concerns… Continue reading Conference of top cops, attended by PM Narendra Modi, must not ignore basic policing problems
Structural strength – The basic structure of the Constitution has authority
Source: The post is based on the article "Structural strength – The basic structure of the Constitution has authority" published in the Business Standard on 25th January 2023. Syllabus: GS 2 – Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary. Relevance: About basic structure doctrine. News: The Vice President of India in 83rd All-India… Continue reading Structural strength – The basic structure of the Constitution has authority
Ponder This On R-Day – How to make governors constructive constitutional functionaries as originally envisaged by the republic
Source: The post is based on the article "Ponder This On R-Day – How to make governors constructive constitutional functionaries as originally envisaged by the republic" published in The Times of India on 25th January 2023. Syllabus: GS 2 – Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary. Relevance: About Friction between the state… Continue reading Ponder This On R-Day – How to make governors constructive constitutional functionaries as originally envisaged by the republic
Joshimath On Sea? – Mega projects for Andaman and Nicobar need to be ultra-sensitive about ecology and tribes
Source: The post is based on the article "Joshimath On Sea? – Mega projects for Andaman and Nicobar need to be ultra-sensitive about ecology and tribes" published in The Times of India on 25th January 2023. Syllabus: GS 3 – Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment. Relevance: About Great Nicobar Project. News: Nearly 100… Continue reading Joshimath On Sea? – Mega projects for Andaman and Nicobar need to be ultra-sensitive about ecology and tribes
Uniform Civil Code: Can the debate be extricated from identity politics and refocused on gender equality?
Source: The post is based on the article "Uniform Civil Code: Can the debate be extricated from identity politics and refocused on gender equality?" published in the Indian Express on 25th January 2023. Syllabus: GS 2 – Indian Constitution—significant provisions and basic structure. Relevance: About Uniform Civil Code. News: Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India can… Continue reading Uniform Civil Code: Can the debate be extricated from identity politics and refocused on gender equality?
Why are corals in Thailand getting destroyed?
Source: The post is based on the article "Why are corals in Thailand getting destroyed?" published in The Hindu on 23rd January 2023. What is the News? Scientists found that corals of eastern Thailand are getting affected by Yellow band Disease which is killing corals over vast stretches of the sea floor. What is Yellow… Continue reading Why are corals in Thailand getting destroyed?
Army looks to get hi-tech drones, robotic mules to replace animal transport
Source: The post is based on the article "Army looks to get hi-tech drones, robotic mules to replace animal transport" published in Indian Express on 24th January 2023. What is the News? Indian Army has floated three requests for proposals(RFPs) for procurement of 48 jetpack suits, 130 tethered drone systems and 100 robotic mules as… Continue reading Army looks to get hi-tech drones, robotic mules to replace animal transport
Posted in Daily Factly articles, Factly: Science and Technology, PUBLIC|Tagged Indian express|Leave a comment
IMF confirms India's finance assurances for Sri Lanka
Source: The post is based on the article "IMF confirms India's finance assurances for Sri Lanka" published in The Hindu on 23rd January 2023. What is the News? The International Monetary Fund(IMF) has confirmed receiving India's written financing assurance in support of Sri Lanka's economic revival. Why is Sri Lanka seeking IMF assistance? Sri Lanka… Continue reading IMF confirms India's finance assurances for Sri Lanka
Posted in Daily Factly articles, Factly - Indian Economy, Factly: IR, PUBLIC|Tagged the hindu|Leave a comment
Five billion people unprotected from trans fat leading to heart disease
Source: The post is based on the article "Five billion people unprotected from trans fat leading to heart disease" published in WHO on 23rd January 2023 What is the News? The World Health Organization(WHO) has released a report titled "Countdown to 2023 – WHO report on global trans fat elimination". What are the key findings… Continue reading Five billion people unprotected from trans fat leading to heart disease
Posted in Daily Factly articles, Factly: Science and Technology, Index | Reports | Summits, PUBLIC|Tagged WHO|Leave a comment
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome(PCOS) and its Complications
Source: The post is based on the article "Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome(PCOS) and its Complications" published in PIB on 23rd January 2023. What is the News? Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics(IJBB), one of the premier monthly journals from CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (NIScPR) has brought out a special issue on the… Continue reading Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome(PCOS) and its Complications


Skeletal stem cells are valuable because it's thought they can heal many types of bone injury, but they're difficult to find because researchers don't know exactly what they look like or where they live.
The growth plate is composed of different layers, with the resting zone in the top layer. It's long been thought that cells in the resting zone don't divide, but Noriaki's group discovered that some cells in the resting zone wake up and start to make rapidly dividing chondrocytes—cells that produce "beautiful" columns (that look like a stack of pancakes) and maintain bone growth.


text:
SNK 40th Anniversary Collection Reviews
SNK 40th Anniversary Collection is ranked in the 67th percentile of games scored on OpenCritic.
DottorKillex
An act of love to rediscover one of the most glorious japanese software house, but time not always is completely merciful.
Ken McKown
ZTGD
SNK 40th Anniversary Collection is by far my favorite collection of classic titles. The fact that they are on Switch and available on-the-go is a major plus. Throw in the jump-in moments and watch mode on top of more free games down the road makes this a must-own for Switch owners.
Matúš Štrba
SNK raised the bar for this type of retro collections.
Review in Slovak | Read full review
Steve Baltimore
oprainfall
All in all I had a great time with the SNK 40th Anniversary Collection. I had a wonderful trip down memory lane with great title selections here and I'm certainly glad these titles will now find their way into the hands of this generation. The controls are solid, the audio is top notch and the graphics look great, but I would like to see some more filters added via the next patch if possible. If you're an old timer like me you will certainly want to snag this one up. If you've never seen or heard of any these game before at the $39.99 price tag I feel like this is well worth it not only for the great games, but Museum Mode is great for anyone wanting to learn more about the history of the industry as well. Just don't try to stick quarters into your Switch, it probably wouldn't go so well.
Sancho Canela
As we have said we cannot value SNK 40th Anniversary Collection only as a playable product, we have to value this collection as a piece of video game history. SNK has taken seriously what this collection means to fans and offers us a magnificent product full of nostalgia, information and love. It is not a collection for all audiences and only those who lived through that time or those who like to enjoy the video game not only in its playable aspect, but also for its cultural and nostalgic concept will be able to enjoy this piece of SNK's soul.
The SNK 40th Anniversary Collection is a must-have game on Nintendo Switch. Digital Eclipse, SNK, and NIS America have knocked this one out of the park, giving us an extended look at many of the classics that shaped up SNK during its early years. It does not feature every game, because that would require a ton of extra work and a way bigger development budget, but what is available, and what will be added on December 11, more than justify the asking price. After having a blast playing the games in this collection and marveling at the incredible museum section, I wouldn't mind seeing a second and third volume!
Nindie Spotlight
While I'm not sure people who aren't either "vintage" gamers like me or folks who have an appreciation for video game history will have a great deal of incentive to pick it up, the SNK 40th Anniversary Collection delivers just about everything I could want from such a package. It provides both an opportunity to immerse yourself in the game industry and its rise through the eyes of this one revered company and to enjoy a completely arcade-accurate experience by playing these classic titles.
Mollie L Patterson
What I hoped would be a decent collection of SNK's early gaming efforts ended up being one of the most impressive retro compilations I've encountered in recent memory. While not every game included will excite more casual players, those who do have an appreciation for the library offered here will find them presented with a level of care, concern, and passion that is too rarely seen.
Rory Hutchings
Niche Gamer
Without a doubt, SNK 40th Anniversary is probably the strangest collection of retro and classic games I have ever spent time with. Overall, the package bounced around with me having feelings of fun, intrigue, disappointment, and confusion all at the time time.
Danilo Dellafrana
Putting aside a limited amount of genres, SNK 40th Anniversary Collection includes an educational value that is unrivaled in the history of retrogaming, offering the definitive learning tool for all SNK fans.
Jonathan Bushle
SNK 40th Anniversary Collection is a good compilation of SNK games, which will remind a lot of good memories to the fans of this brand, even if the Vs fighting and run&gun games are missing (find them on the Neo Geo Mini).
Darren Palma
Nintendo Insider
Either way, it doesn't take a genius to see that the SNK 40th Anniversary Collection isn't for everyone. Many of the games here really haven't aged quite as well as others developed for the same generation. If rummaging through the nostalgia of gaming history does appeal to you though, then this mid-range priced time capsule could very well be worth your investment.
Craig Majaski
Nintendo Times
Great ports, awesome extras, and both arcade and NES versions make this a good game that many will enjoy.
Dave Aubrey
SNK 40th Anniversary Collection is an interesting package, but even with the upcoming titles to be added, I have to question its value. Luckily, this is not a full price package, but even then many gamers will doubt the value proposition, quite rightly. I'm not saying don't buy the SNK 40th Anniversary Collection, but whether you'll keep playing the game after a few multiplayer sessions with friends is questionable indeed.
Jason Hidalgo
Reno Gazette-Journal
As an old-school gamer who's seen my fair share of classic collections that either nickel-and-dime gamers or just do the bare minimum, the SNK 40th Anniversary Collection is a refreshing and pleasantly surprising take on the whole retro collection trend. Yes, some of its games aren't as fun to play nowadays or don't have the cache of more popular old-school titles. A plethora of features and free additional content, however, make this a pixel-perfect example of a retro collection done right.
Mattia Ravanelli
This is how you made a retro-collection: full of extras and interesting tidbits.
Hooshan Torabi
Switching Worlds
SNK 40th Anniversary Collection is an awesome anthology of classics that felt about time it should exist. The games included can be debatable, but holding out-of-print or hard-to-find games in the palm of your hands is way cooler than coming up empty. The Museum feature alone really is a blast from the past. The Watch feature is a new innovation that lets players not only witness a playthrough, but control it and resume the game from any point they choose. Overall, this is a worthy package created with care.
Daemon Hatfield
The SNK 40th Anniversary Collection is an impressive museum exhibit of forgotten games that don't all hold up today.
Neal Ronaghan
NintendoWorldReport
SNK isn't Nintendo or Sega, but they carved a unique path through the industry that has helped them stick around for 40 years. This celebration might only be focused on the first dozen or so years, but it's a lovingly crafted and curated virtual exhibit that sets the standard for retro collections for the future. SNK 40th Anniversary Collection shined a light on a company I didn't know much about, and I'm thrilled it will now be easy for others to learn about them the same way I did.
Blake Morse
Overall, SNK 40th Anniversary Collection has titles that old school arcade gamers are sure to appreciate and also does an impressive job of diving deep into the company's four-decade history. However, this may be even more of a niche collection than the Capcom Beat'em Up Bundle, which could work against it in the end..

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Added on January 7, 2023 Press Trust of India
Prasar Bharati evaluating possibility of coming up with OTT channel: Official
New Delhi: Prasar Bharati is "evaluating" the possibility of coming up with an OTT platform months after it signed an agreement with YuppTV to expand the global reach of Doordarshan's DD India channel, a senior official said on Friday.
"That is something we are working upon, evaluating," the Prasar Bharati official said during an informal interaction with reporters while replying to a question when will the broadcaster come up with an over-the-top (OTT) platform.
Prasar Bharati had signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with YuppTV, an OTT platform, in March last year to make DD India available in various countries including the US, the UK, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand, besides Europe and the Middle East.
With the Union Cabinet earlier this week approving a scheme worth more than Rs 2,500 crore for modernization, upgrade and expansion of All India Radio (AIR) and Doordarshan (DD), Prasar Bharati is ready with plans to achieve the objectives.
With the implementation of the Broadcast Infrastructure Network Development (BIND) scheme, DD and AIR channels will witness a significant facelift with installation of latest broadcasting and studio equipment at Prasar Bharati facilities, the official said.
DD Free Dish capacity will be increased from existing 116 channels to about 250 channels to provide viewers a rich and diverse bouquet of channels free of cost, the official said.
Other projects to be implemented under the scheme includes upgrading of earth stations at DDK Vijayawada and Leh to 24 hours channel, rolling out of fly away units for covering the prestigious national ceremony/events and VVIP coverages, and establishment of DD Free Dish disaster recovery facility for ensuring uninterrupted DTH service in the event of disaster or natural calamity, the official added.
While 28 regional Doordarshan channels will be turned into high-definition (HD) program production capable Kendras, 31 regional news units across DD network will be upgraded and modernized with latest equipment for efficient news gathering, the official said.
Projects for upgrade and replacement of earth stations at DDK Guwahati, Shillong, Aizawl, Itanagar, Agartala, Kohima, Imphal, Gangtok and Port Blair for uplinking HDTV channels will also be launched, the official added.
The plan includes priority projects of AIR and Doordarshan with focus on expansion and strengthening of the FM radio network and mobile TV production facilities amounting to Rs 950 crore which are to be completed on a fast-track mode, the official said.
"The implementation of the scheme will generate indirect employment by way of manufacturing and services related to supply and installation of broadcast equipment. Content generation will also provide direct and indirect employment in different media fields in the content production sector," the official added.


The Residential Property Surveyors Association (RPSA) is a representative body for independent specialist residential surveyors who are the industry's leading specialists in reporting on the condition of residential properties on behalf of home buyers. The RPSA is dedicated to helping its members deliver a range of high quality survey products, helping consumers in England and Wales at the time they are making one of the biggest investments of their lives.
The Home Condition Survey (HCS) is a survey that is suitable for all property types as it includes a full inspection and a comprehensive report.
The unique RPSA Mi Buy To Let Survey has been designed to enable landlords to protect their investment and deliver decent homes for their tenants.


text:
Panompuan Jae is een bestuurslaag in het regentschap Tapanuli Selatan van de provincie Noord-Sumatra, Indonesië. Panompuan Jae telt 1251 inwoners (volkstelling 2010).

Plaats in Noord-Sumatra

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Series of Emails for WebRoot-Beasley Direct and Online Marketing, Inc.
We were tasked to increase the software upgrade rate for Webroot by creating a series of emails for free updates. We had observed their previous approach didn't really explain the benefits of the updates. So we made sure the new series of emails we created contained succinct benefit statements, user testimonials, and reviews…all important validators for consumer decision-making.
Are you planning an email campaign to increase sales rates based on a series of emails? Let Beasley's experienced email experts create and launch a successful campaign. Speak with us now.


text:
package armnetwork

import (
	"context"
	"errors"
	"github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore"
	"github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore/arm"
	armruntime "github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore/arm/runtime"
	"github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore/cloud"
	"github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore/policy"
	"github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore/runtime"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"strings"
)

// VPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClient contains the methods for the VPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWan group.
// Don't use this type directly, use NewVPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClient() instead.
type VPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClient struct {
	host           string
	subscriptionID string
	pl             runtime.Pipeline
}

// NewVPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClient creates a new instance of VPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClient with the specified values.
// subscriptionID - The subscription credentials which uniquely identify the Microsoft Azure subscription. The subscription
// ID forms part of the URI for every service call.
// credential - used to authorize requests. Usually a credential from azidentity.
// options - pass nil to accept the default values.
func NewVPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClient(subscriptionID string, credential azcore.TokenCredential, options *arm.ClientOptions) (*VPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClient, error) {
	if options == nil {
		options = &arm.ClientOptions{}
	}
	ep := cloud.AzurePublic.Services[cloud.ResourceManager].Endpoint
	if c, ok := options.Cloud.Services[cloud.ResourceManager]; ok {
		ep = c.Endpoint
	}
	pl, err := armruntime.NewPipeline(moduleName, moduleVersion, credential, runtime.PipelineOptions{}, options)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	client := &VPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClient{
		subscriptionID: subscriptionID,
		host:           ep,
		pl:             pl,
	}
	return client, nil
}

// BeginList - Gives the list of VpnServerConfigurations associated with Virtual Wan in a resource group.
// If the operation fails it returns an *azcore.ResponseError type.
// Generated from API version 2022-05-01
// resourceGroupName - The resource group name.
// virtualWANName - The name of the VirtualWAN whose associated VpnServerConfigurations is needed.
// options - VPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClientBeginListOptions contains the optional parameters for the
// VPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClient.BeginList method.
func (client *VPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClient) BeginList(ctx context.Context, resourceGroupName string, virtualWANName string, options *VPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClientBeginListOptions) (*runtime.Poller[VPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClientListResponse], error) {
	if options == nil || options.ResumeToken == "" {
		resp, err := client.listOperation(ctx, resourceGroupName, virtualWANName, options)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		return runtime.NewPoller(resp, client.pl, &runtime.NewPollerOptions[VPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClientListResponse]{
			FinalStateVia: runtime.FinalStateViaLocation,
		})
	} else {
		return runtime.NewPollerFromResumeToken[VPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClientListResponse](options.ResumeToken, client.pl, nil)
	}
}

// List - Gives the list of VpnServerConfigurations associated with Virtual Wan in a resource group.
// If the operation fails it returns an *azcore.ResponseError type.
// Generated from API version 2022-05-01
func (client *VPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClient) listOperation(ctx context.Context, resourceGroupName string, virtualWANName string, options *VPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClientBeginListOptions) (*http.Response, error) {
	req, err := client.listCreateRequest(ctx, resourceGroupName, virtualWANName, options)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	resp, err := client.pl.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if !runtime.HasStatusCode(resp, http.StatusOK, http.StatusAccepted) {
		return nil, runtime.NewResponseError(resp)
	}
	return resp, nil
}

// listCreateRequest creates the List request.
func (client *VPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClient) listCreateRequest(ctx context.Context, resourceGroupName string, virtualWANName string, options *VPNServerConfigurationsAssociatedWithVirtualWanClientBeginListOptions) (*policy.Request, error) {
	urlPath := "/subscriptions/{subscriptionId}/resourceGroups/{resourceGroupName}/providers/Microsoft.Network/virtualWans/{virtualWANName}/vpnServerConfigurations"
	if client.subscriptionID == "" {
		return nil, errors.New("parameter client.subscriptionID cannot be empty")
	}
	urlPath = strings.ReplaceAll(urlPath, "{subscriptionId}", url.PathEscape(client.subscriptionID))
	if resourceGroupName == "" {
		return nil, errors.New("parameter resourceGroupName cannot be empty")
	}
	urlPath = strings.ReplaceAll(urlPath, "{resourceGroupName}", url.PathEscape(resourceGroupName))
	if virtualWANName == "" {
		return nil, errors.New("parameter virtualWANName cannot be empty")
	}
	urlPath = strings.ReplaceAll(urlPath, "{virtualWANName}", url.PathEscape(virtualWANName))
	req, err := runtime.NewRequest(ctx, http.MethodPost, runtime.JoinPaths(client.host, urlPath))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	reqQP := req.Raw().URL.Query()
	reqQP.Set("api-version", "2022-05-01")
	req.Raw().URL.RawQuery = reqQP.Encode()
	req.Raw().Header["Accept"] = []string{"application/json"}
	return req, nil
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub