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Uber Technologies, Inc.
Headquarters in San Francisco (2020)
Ubercab (2009–2011)
Traded as
NYSE: UBER
Russell 1000 component
March 2009; 13 years ago (2009-03)
Garrett Camp
Travis Kalanick
San Francisco, California, U.S.
Approximately 72 countries and 10,500 cities
Ronald Sugar (Chairman)
Dara Khosrowshahi (CEO)
Mobile app, website
Vehicle for hire
US$17.46 billion (2021)
−US$3.83 billion (2021)
29,300 (2021)
Car Next Door
www.uber.com
Footnotes / references
Uber's former headquarters in the Mid-Market neighborhood of San Francisco
Yellow Uber car in Moscow
An Uber driver in Bogotá, Colombia with the Uber app on a dashboard-mounted smartphone
Uber Technologies, Inc. (Uber), based in San Francisco, provides mobility as a service, ride-hailing (allowing users to book a car and driver to transport them in a way similar to a taxi), food delivery (Uber Eats and Postmates), package delivery, couriers, and freight transportation.[2] Via partnerships with other operators such as Thames Clippers (boats) and Lime (electric bicycles and motorized scooters), users are also able to book other modes of transport through the Uber platform in some locations.[3] Uber sets fares, which vary using a dynamic pricing model based on local supply and demand at the time of the booking and are quoted to the customer in advance, and receives a commission from each booking.[4] It had operations in approximately 72 countries and 10,500 cities as of December 31, 2021.[1]
Uber offers many different types of ride options. UberX is the most popular[5] and the standard service of the company. UberXL, Uber Comfort, and Uber Black are other options offered by the company. UberXL cars are usually SUV-sized vehicles that can accommodate 6 passengers.[6] Uber's premium service is Uber Black. Uber Black drivers have to be highly rated[7] and drive more luxurious vehicles than UberX and UberXL. Uber Comfort guarantees a newer vehicle with more leg room.[6]
In the second quarter of 2022, Uber had 122 million monthly active users worldwide and generated an average of 21 million trips per day.[8] In the United States, as of May 2022, Uber had a 72% market share for ride-sharing[9] and a 27% market share for food delivery.[10] Uber has been so prominent in the sharing economy that commoditization of service industries using computing platforms has been referred to as uberisation,[11] and several startups have described their offerings as "Uber for X".[12] Uber has posted hundreds of millions or billions of dollars in losses each year since 2014 except for 2018,[13][14] when it exited from the markets in Russia, China, and Southeast Asia in exchange for stakes in rival businesses.[15]
Like similar companies, Uber has been criticized for the treatment of its drivers as gig workers and independent contractors, disruption of taxicab businesses, and an increase in traffic congestion. The company has been criticized for various unethical practices—many revealed by a massive document leak in July 2022—and for ignoring local regulations. Uber is regulated in many jurisdictions and the company has been banned in several countries.
For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Uber.
Travis Kalanick, former CEO of Uber, in 2013
In 2009, Uber was founded as Ubercab by Garrett Camp, a computer programmer and the co-founder of StumbleUpon, and Travis Kalanick, who sold his Red Swoosh startup for $19 million in 2007.[16]
After Camp and his friends spent $800 hiring a private driver, he wanted to find a way to reduce the cost of direct transportation. He realized that sharing the cost with people could make it affordable, and his idea morphed into Uber. Kalanick joined Camp and gives him "full credit for the idea" of Uber.[17] The prototype was built by Camp and his friends, Oscar Salazar and Conrad Whelan, with Kalanick as the "mega advisor" to the company.[17]
In February 2010, Ryan Graves became the first Uber employee, receiving the job by responding to a post on Twitter. Graves started out as general manager and was named CEO shortly after the launch.[17] In December 2010, Kalanick succeeded Graves as CEO.[17][18][19][20] Graves became chief operating officer (COO).[21] By 2019, Graves owned 31.9 million shares.[22]
Following a beta launch in May 2010, Uber's services and mobile app launched publicly in San Francisco in 2011.[18][23] Originally, the application only allowed users to hail a black luxury car and the price was 1.5 times that of a taxi.[24][25] In 2011, the company changed its name from UberCab to Uber after complaints from San Francisco taxicab operators.[26][27]
The company's early hires included a nuclear physicist, a computational neuroscientist, and a machinery expert who worked on predicting demand for private hire car drivers.[16][28] In April 2012, Uber launched a service in Chicago, whereby users were able to request a regular taxi or an Uber driver via its mobile app.[29][30]
In July 2012, the company introduced UberX, a cheaper option that allowed drivers to use non-luxury vehicles, including their personal vehicles, subject to a background check, insurance, registration, and vehicle standards.[31][27] By early 2013, the service was operating in 35 cities.[32][33][34]
In December 2013, USA Today named Uber its tech company of the year.[35]
In August 2014, Uber launched a shared transport service in the San Francisco Bay Area.[36][37] The service soon launched in other cities worldwide.
In August 2014, Uber launched Uber Eats, a food delivery service.[38][39]
Uber logo used from February 2016 until September 2018
In August 2016, facing tough competition, Uber sold its operations in China to DiDi in exchange for an 18% stake in DiDi.[40] DiDi agreed to invest $1 billion in Uber.[41] Uber had started operations in China in 2014, under the name 优步 (Yōubù).[42]
In December 2016, Uber acquired the AI research startup Geometric Intelligence for an undisclosed amount.[43] This coincided with the announcement of Uber AI Labs. Geometric Intelligence's 15 person staff formed the initial core of the AI Labs team.[44]
In August 2017, Dara Khosrowshahi, the former CEO of Expedia Group, replaced Kalanick as CEO.[45][46] In July 2017, Uber received a five-star privacy rating from the Electronic Frontier Foundation,[47] but was harshly criticised by the group in September 2017 for a controversial policy of tracking customers' locations even after a ride ended, forcing the company to reverse its policy.[48]
In February 2018, Uber combined its operations in Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia and Kazakhstan with those of Yandex.Taxi and invested $225 million in the venture.[49] In March 2018, Uber merged its services in Southeast Asia with those of Grab in exchange for a 27.5% ownership stake in Grab.[50][51][52]
In November 2018, Uber became a gold member of the Linux Foundation.[53][54]
On May 10, 2019, Uber became a public company via an initial public offering.[55]
In June 2019, both COO Barney Harford and CMO Rebecca Messina stepped down.[56][57] In July 2019, the marketing department was reduced by a third, with the layoff of 400 people amid continued losses.[58][59] Engineer hires were frozen.[60] In early September 2019, Uber laid off an additional 435 employees with 265 coming from the engineering team and another 170 from the product team.[61][62]
In 2020, Uber announced plans to become an emission-free platform. Uber introduced Uber Green, promoting users to choose electric and hybrid vehicles.[63]
In January 2020, Uber acquired Careem for $3.1 billion.[64][65][66]
In the same month, Uber sold its Indian Uber Eats operations to Zomato, in exchange for 9.99% of Zomato.[67]
Also in January 2020, Uber tested a feature that enabled drivers at the Santa Barbara, Sacramento, and Palm Springs airports to set fares based on a multiple of Uber's rates for UberX and UberXL trips.[68]
On May 5, 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Uber announced plans to lay off 3,700 employees, around 14% of its workforce.[69] On May 18, 2020, 3,000 more job cuts and 45 office closures were announced.[70] Around the same time, construction finished on Uber's new headquarters on Third Street in San Francisco's Mission Bay neighborhood, consisting of several 6- and 11-story buildings connected by bridges and walkways.[71] Like various other office complexes in San Francisco, Uber's campus includes a public plaza, which the San Francisco Chronicle's architecture critic John King called the city's "best new public space", while praising the entire ensemble for its "low-key sophistication – not what you'd expect from a firm with a rapacious image."[71]
In June 2020, Uber announced that it would manage the on-demand high-occupancy vehicle fleet for Marin Transit, a public bus agency in Marin County, California. This partnership is Uber's first SaaS partnership.[72]
In July 2020, Uber, in partnership with its majority-owned Cornershop, launched Uber grocery delivery service in Latin America, Canada, Miami, and Dallas.[73][74]
On December 1, 2020, Uber acquired Postmates for $2.65 billion.[75][76][77]
In October 2021, Uber acquired Drizly, an alcohol delivery service, for $1.1 billion in cash and stock.[78] On January 20, 2022, Uber acquired Australian car-sharing company Car Next Door.[79]
uberBOAT on River Thames, London
In May 2022, Uber formed a partnership with IT Taxi, Italy's largest taxi dispatcher. Through the partnership, it was agreed that Uber would integrate with the dispatcher, adding 12,000 drivers to over 80 cities in the country.[80][81]
On September 19, 2022, Uber announced that its fleet of vehicles in developed countries and regions such as Europe, Japan, South Korea, United States, Canada, etc. will be 100% all-electric by 2030 due to climate change. Drivers of fossil fuel vehicles at that time in those regions will be forced to switch to electric vehicles or otherwise will be forced to stop driving for the company entirely unless they later decide to switch to an EV. This is the first phase of Uber's plan to become 100% carbon-net-zero worldwide by 2040 due to climate change.[82][83]
September 2022 security breach
On September 15, 2022, Uber discovered a security breach of its internal network.[84] A hacker, who identified himself as an 18-year-old, utilized social engineering to obtain an employee's credentials and gain access to the company's VPN and intranet.[85] From there, the individual found powershell scripts which contained administrative credentials which gave them access to Uber's services such as Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud.[86] The individual announced the hack on an internal Slack channel, where many employees thought it was a joke.[87] In a statement on September 16, Uber indicated that there was no evidence that user data was compromised, all services were operational and law enforcement had been notified.[88][89] Additionally, Uber uses services of HackerOne, a Californian bug bounty platform that employs ethical hackers to help identify bugs and protect the systems of many big companies.[90]
Former operations
Testing a Volvo XC90 self-driving car in San Francisco
Uber ATG/Advanced Technologies Group, minority-owned by SoftBank Vision Fund, Toyota, and Denso, was developing self-driving cars.[91] In early 2015, the company hired approximately 50 people from the robotics department of Carnegie Mellon University.[92] On September 14, 2016, it launched self-driving cars in Pittsburgh using a fleet of Ford Fusion cars[93][94] and on December 14, 2016, it began testing self-driving Volvo XC90 SUVs in San Francisco.[95] After the California Department of Motor Vehicles forced the program to cease operations a week later,[96] the program was moved to Arizona.[97] In March 2018, it paused testing after the death of Elaine Herzberg in Tempe, Arizona.[98] Uber restarted testing in December 2018 after receiving local approval in Pittsburgh[99][100] and Toronto.[101] In January 2021, with Uber ATG described as a "cash-burn machine", the division was sold to Aurora Innovation for $4 billion and Uber invested $400 million into Aurora, taking a 26% ownership stake.[102][103]
Autonomous trucks
In 2016, Uber acquired Ottomotto, a self-driving truck company, for $625 million. Ottomotto was founded by Anthony Levandowski, previously of Waymo, who allegedly founded Ottomotto using trade secrets he downloaded while at Waymo. In February 2018, to settle a lawsuit regarding the stolen trade secrets, Uber gave Waymo $244 million in stock and agreed not to infringe on Waymo's intellectual property. Uber cancelled its self-driving truck program in July 2018.[2]
In June 2022, Uber struck a deal with Waymo to use the latter's technology for autonomous trucks in Uber's Freight service.[104]
In October 2019, in partnership with HeliFlight, Uber offered 8-minute helicopter flights between Manhattan and John F. Kennedy International Airport for $200-$225 per passenger.[105][106]
In December 2020, Uber sold its Elevate division, which was developing short flights using VTOL aircraft, to Joby Aviation.[107][108]
Uber Rent, powered by Getaround, was a peer-to-peer carsharing service available to some users in San Francisco between May 2018 and November 2018.[109]
Uber Works
In October 2019, Uber launched Uber Works to connect workers who wanted temporary jobs with businesses. The app was initially available only in Chicago and expanded to Miami in December 2019.[110][111] The service was shut down in May 2020.[70]
Uber AI
In December 2016, Uber launched Uber AI, a division for researching AI technologies and machine learning.[44] Uber AI created multiple open source projects, such as Pyro, Ludwig, and Plato. Uber AI also developed new AI techniques and algorithms, such as the POET algorithm and their sequence of papers on neuroevolution. Uber AI was shut down in May 2020 in order to refocus on Uber's core operations in an effort to recover financial losses dealt by the COVID-19 pandemic.[112]
Main article: Controversies involving Uber
See also: Ridesharing company § Criticism, and Sharing economy § Criticism
This article or section may need to be cleaned up or summarized because it has been split from/to Controversies involving Uber.
Ignoring and evading local regulations
Uber has been criticized for its strategy of generally commencing operations in a city without regard for local regulations. If faced with regulatory opposition, Uber called for public support for its service and mounted a political campaign, supported by lobbying, to change regulations.[113] Uber argued that it is "a technology company" and not a taxi company, and therefore it was not subject to regulations affecting taxi companies.[113] Uber's strategy was generally to "seek forgiveness rather than permission".[114] In 2014, with regards to airport pickups without a permit in California, drivers were actually told to ignore local regulations and that the company would pay for any citations.[115] Uber's response to California Assembly Bill 5 (2019), whereby it announced that it would not comply with the law, then engaged lobbyists and mounted an expensive public opinion campaign to overturn it via a ballot, was cited as an example of this policy.[113][116] Taxi companies sued Uber in numerous American cities, alleging that Uber's policy of violating taxi regulations was a form of unfair competition or a violation of antitrust law.[117] Although some courts did find that Uber intentionally violated the taxi rules, Uber prevailed in every case, including the only case to proceed to trial.[118]
In March 2017, an investigation by The New York Times revealed that Uber developed a software tool called "Greyball" to avoid giving rides to known law enforcement officers in areas where its service was illegal such as in Portland, Oregon, Australia, South Korea, and China. The tool identified government officials using geofencing, mining credit card databases, identifying devices, and searches of social media.[119][120][121] While at first, Uber stated that it only used the tool to identify riders that violated its terms of service, after investigations by Portland, Oregon,[122][123][124] and the United States Department of Justice,[125][126][127] Uber admitted to using the tool to skirt local regulations and promised not to use the tool for that purpose.[128][129] The use of Greyball in London was cited by Transport for London as one of the reasons for its decision not to renew Uber's private hire operator licence in September 2017.[130][131][132] A January 2018 report by Bloomberg News stated that Uber routinely used a "panic button" system, codenamed "Ripley", that locked, powered off and changed passwords on staff computers when those offices were subjected to government raids.[133] Uber allegedly used this button at least 24 times, from spring 2015 until late 2016.[134][135]
Counter-intelligence research on class action plaintiffs
In 2016 Uber hired the global security consulting firm Ergo to secretly investigate plaintiffs involved in a class action lawsuit. Ergo operatives posed as acquaintances of the plaintiff's counsel and tried to contact their associates to obtain information that could be used against them. The result of which was found out causing the judge to throw out evidence obtained as obtained in a fraudulent manner.[136][137]
Sexual harassment allegations and management shakeup (2017)
On February 19, 2017, former Uber engineer Susan Fowler published on her website that she was propositioned for sex by a manager and subsequently threatened with termination of employment by another manager if she continued to report the incident. Kalanick was alleged to have been aware of the complaint.[138][139] On February 27, 2017, Amit Singhal, Uber's Senior Vice President of Engineering, was forced to resign after he failed to disclose a sexual harassment claim against him that occurred while he served as Vice President of Google Search.[140] After investigations led by former attorney general Eric Holder and Arianna Huffington, a member of Uber's board of directors,[141] in June 2017, Uber fired over 20 employees.[142][143] Kalanick took an indefinite leave of absence but, under pressure from investors, he resigned as CEO a week later.[144][145] Also departing the company in June 2017 was Emil Michael, a senior vice president who suggested that Uber hire a team of opposition researchers and journalists, with a million-dollar budget, to "dig up dirt" on the personal lives and backgrounds of journalists who reported negatively on Uber, specifically targeting Sarah Lacy, editor of PandoDaily, who, in an article published in October 2014, accused Uber of sexism and misogyny in its advertising.[146][147][148][149][150][151] In August 2018, Uber agreed to pay a total of $7 million to settle claims of gender discrimination, harassment, and hostile work environment, with 480 employees and former employees receiving $10,700 each and 56 of those employees and former employees receiving an additional $33,900 each.[152] In December 2019, Kalanick resigned from the board of directors of the company and sold his shares.[153][154][155][156]
Delayed disclosure of data breaches
On February 27, 2015, Uber admitted that it had suffered a data breach more than nine months prior. Names and license plate information from approximately 50,000 drivers were inadvertently disclosed.[157] Uber discovered this leak in September 2014, but waited more than five months to notify the affected individuals.[158]
An announcement in November 2017 revealed that in 2016, a separate data breach had disclosed the personal information of 600,000 drivers and 57 million customers. This data included names, email addresses, phone numbers, and drivers' license information. Hackers used employees' usernames and passwords that had been compromised in previous breaches (a "credential stuffing" method) to gain access to a private GitHub repository used by Uber's developers. The hackers located credentials for the company's Amazon Web Services datastore in the repository files, and were able to obtain access to the account records of users and drivers, as well as other data contained in over 100 Amazon S3 buckets. Uber paid a $100,000 ransom to the hackers on the promise they would delete the stolen data.[159][160] Uber was subsequently criticized for concealing this data breach.[161] Khosrowshahi publicly apologized.[162][163] In September 2018, in the largest multi-state settlement of a data breach, Uber paid $148 million to the Federal Trade Commission, admitted that its claim that internal access to consumers' personal information was closely monitored on an ongoing basis was false, and stated that it had failed to live up to its promise to provide reasonable security for consumer data.[164][165][166] Also in November 2018, Uber's British divisions were fined £385,000 (reduced to £308,000) by the Information Commissioner's Office.[167]
In 2020, the US Department of Justice announced criminal charges against former Chief Security Officer Joe Sullivan for obstruction of justice. The criminal complaint said Sullivan arranged, with Kalanick's knowledge, to pay a ransom for the 2016 breach as a "bug bounty" to conceal its true nature, and for the hackers to falsify non-disclosure agreements to say they had not obtained any data.[168]
2022 leak documenting misdeeds
Main article: Uber Files
More than 124,000 Uber documents covering the five-year period from 2012 to 2017 when Uber was run by its co-founder Travis Kalanick were leaked by Mark MacGann, a lobbyist who "led Uber's efforts to win over governments across Europe, the Middle East and Africa",[169] to The Guardian newspaper and first printed on 10 July 2022 by its Sunday sister The Observer. The documents revealed attempts to lobby Joe Biden, Olaf Scholz and George Osborne; how Emmanuel Macron secretly aided Uber lobbying in France, and use of a kill switch during police raids to conceal data. Kalanick dismissed concerns from other executives that sending Uber drivers to a protest in France put them at risk of violence from angry opponents in the taxi industry, saying "I think it's worth it, violence guarantees success".[170]
Status of employees
On October 25, 2022, New Zealand Employment Court Chief Judge Christina Inglis ruled that Uber drivers operating in New Zealand are employees rather than contractors, entitling them to a range of workers' rights and protections under New Zealand law. Inglis ruled in favor of four Uber drivers, who had challenged Uber's position that the drivers were independent contractors. The drivers were supported by trade unions First Union and E tū, who welcomed the court ruling due to its international implications. In response, Uber expressed disappointment with the Employment Court's decision and confirmed that they would file an appeal.[171][172]
All vehicles in the US are required to receive certification for compliance from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) before they are sold, which includes all Uber vehicles. However, the EPA will also be adopting regulations on vehicle emissions. On the state level, Uber is already adhering to new regulations like California's Clean Miles Standard,[173] which requires at least 90% of the miles traveled by rideshares to be in zero emission vehicles by 2030. Ubers in Europe's transportation industry are required to follow both the European Commission (EC) and the United Nations Economic Commission (UN ECE) for Europe's regulations on emissions. For example, London's Congestion Charge Zone and Ultra Low Emission Zone charges fees for those who drive fossil-fueled vehicles which, as Uber explains in their 2022 10-K filing to the Securities and Exchange Commission,[174] makes it harder for them to retain drivers. Another recent update to Europe's regulations has been to reduce diesel emissions. However, these new green advancements in diesel engines could increase costs for drivers, riders, and Uber.[175]
According to their 2022 10-K filing,[174] Uber disclosed to their shareholders that their company is exposed to risks from climate change and that their business may be negatively affected by these risks. For example, their filing discusses public favorability for electric vehicles and low carbon business plans, and extreme weather and its impacts on the economy like decreased demand and supply-chain disruptions.
Uber's climate change initiatives include new programs like Uber Green. In a 2022 interview with the Toronto Star,[176] Uber's Senior Vice President of Mobility and Business Operations Andrew Macdonald explained that Uber Green gives riders an option to choose a zero or low-emission vehicle for their ride for an extra fee, while Uber gives drivers an extra dollar for every trip done in an electric vehicle. Uber has also committed to using only renewable energy in all of their U.S. offices by 2025, having net zero emissions for their corporate operations by 2023, and being a net zero company by 2040.[174] However, Uber also explained in their 2022 10-K filing[174] that while they are committed to combating climate change by investing their time and resources, they would accelerate or delay their initiatives if they faced uncontrollable circumstances. For example, during the coronavirus pandemic, they explained that they were unable to devote resources to their climate change commitments. Uber acknowledges in this filing how failing to attain their climate-related goals could negatively impact their costs, operations, and company image overall.[174]
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^ Dickey, Megan Rose (September 10, 2019). "Uber lays off 435 people across engineering and product teams". TechCrunch. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
^ Abril, Danielle (September 10, 2019). "Uber Makes a Second Round of Employee Cuts, Laying Off 435 From the Engineering and Product Teams". Fortune.
^ "Our Road to Zero Emissions". Uber.
^ Singh, Pradeep (January 6, 2020). "[Big News] Uber closes the acquisition of Middle-Eastern rival Careem for $3.1 Billion". LAFFAZ. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
^ Conger, Kate (March 26, 2019). "Uber to Acquire Careem, Its Top Mideast Rival, for $3.1 Billion". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 17, 2020.
^ "Ministry of Economy approves Uber's acquisition of Careem". wam. June 24, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
^ Singh, Manish (January 20, 2020). "Uber sells food delivery business in India to Zomato". TechCrunch.
^ McFarland, Matt (January 21, 2020). "Uber Tests Feature Letting Some California Drivers Set Their Own Rates". CNN.
^ Heater, Brian (May 6, 2020). "Uber is laying off 3,700 as rides plummet due to COVID-19". TechCrunch.
^ a b Rana, Preetika (May 18, 2020). "Uber Cuts 3,000 More Jobs, Shuts 45 Offices in Coronavirus Crunch". The Wall Street Journal.
^ a b King, John (May 3, 2021). "Uber delivers a surprise – San Francisco's best new public space". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
^ Korosec, Kirsten (June 17, 2020). "Uber pushes into on-demand public transit with its first SaaS partnership". TechCrunch. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
^ "Uber to Launch Grocery Delivery in the U.S." Kupino.com. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
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^ "Uber Completes Acquisition of Postmates" (Press release). Business Wire. December 1, 2020.
^ Etherington, Darrell (December 1, 2020). "Uber officially completes Postmates acquisition". TechCrunch.
^ Sumagaysay, Levi (December 1, 2020). "Uber completes Postmates acquisition, boosting its place in food delivery". MarketWatch.
^ "Cheers! Uber Completes Acquisition of Drizly" (Press release). Business Wire. October 13, 2021.
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^ "Driving a Green Recovery". September 8, 2020.
^ "Uber has a new tool to help companies clean up their transportation carbon footprint".
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^ Mericle, Julia (January 19, 2021). "Aurora closes acquisition of Uber ATG, forms partnership with PACCAR". American City Business Journals.
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^ Brandom, Russel; Hawkins, Andrew (July 10, 2016). "How Uber secretly investigated its legal foes — and got caught". theverge.com. The Verge. Retrieved July 18, 2022. By the end of the week, Henley was on the phone with a corporate research firm called Ergo, also known as Global Precision Research LLC, asking for help with "a sensitive, very under-the-radar investigation." After a few emails, Henley worked out the terms of the deal with an Ergo executive named Todd Egeland. It would be a "level two" investigation, the middle of the three levels of work offered by Ergo. It would be drawn from seven source interviews conducted over the course of 10 days, for which Uber would pay $19,500. As with any Ergo investigation, the confidentiality of the client was paramount, and sources were never meant to know who was paying for the research. "We do quite a bit of this work for law firms," Egeland reassured him. (Ergo did not respond to requests for comment.)
^ Hiltzik, Michael (June 10, 2016). "Column: How sleazy is Uber? This federal judge wants to know". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 22, 2022. As it turns out, it was them. Uber confessed in February that it had hired the security firm Ergo to investigate Mayer and his lawyers. In fact, Meyer's lawyers say Ergo's investigative report was circulating in Uber's offices and may have been in the hands of the company's general counsel, Salle Yoo, on January 20, the very day the company's lawyers were saying "it is not us."
^ Fowler, Susan (February 19, 2017). "Reflecting on one very, very strange year at Uber".
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^ Lacy, Sarah (November 14, 2017). "Uber Executive Said the Company Would Spend 'A Million Dollars' to Shut Me Up". Time. Archived from the original on July 28, 2018.
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^ Conger, Kate (December 24, 2019). "Uber Founder Travis Kalanick Leaves Board, Severing Last Tie". The New York Times.
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^ "California requires zero-emissions vehicle use for ridesharing services, another step toward achieving the state's climate goals | California Air Resources Board". ww2.arb.ca.gov. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
^ a b c d e Uber Technologies, Inc. (2022, February 24). Form 10-K. Mergent Intellect. https://www.mergentintellect.com/
^ GlobalData. (2022, October. Uber Technologies, Inc. [SWOT report]. D&B Hoovers. http://logon.onesource.com/
^ The Toronto Star. (March 12, 2022). Uber Canada exec takes front seat; Fixing freight, going green - and his most-ordered meal deliveries. Nexis Uni. https://www.lexisnexis.com/
Laurell, Christofer; Sandström, Christian (June 28, 2016). "Analysing Uber in social media – disruptive technology or institutional disruption?". International Journal of Innovation Management. 20 (5): 1640013. doi:10.1142/S1363919616400132.
McGaughey, E. (2018). "Uber, the Taylor Review, mutuality, and the duty to not misrepresent employment status". Industrial Law Journal. SSRN 3018516.
Petropoulos, Georgios (February 22, 2016). "Uber and the economic impact of sharing economy platforms". Bruegel.
Noto La Diega, Guido (2016). "Uber law and awareness by design. An empirical study on online platforms and dehumanised negotiations" (PDF). Revue européenne de droit de la consommation/ European Journal of Consumer Law. 2016 (II): 383–413 – via Northumbria Research Link.
Oitaven, Juliana Carreiro Corbal; Carelli, Rodrigo de Lacerda; Casagrande, Cássio Luís (2019). Empresas de transporte, plataformas digitais e a relação de emprego: um estudo do trabalho subordinado sob aplicativos (PDF) (in Portuguese). Brasília: Ministério Público do Trabalho. ISBN 978-8566507270.
Rogers, B. (2015). "The Social Costs of Uber". University of Chicago Law Review Dialogue. 82: 85.
Isaac, Mike (2019). Super Pumped: The Battle for Uber. New York. ISBN 978-0393652246. OCLC 1090686951
The Uber whistleblower: I'm exposing a system that sold people a lie. The Guardian. July 11, 2022.
Further viewing
Playing by the Rules: Ethics at Work: Season 3 Episode 1: "Driven" PBS
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Jasminum azoricum is an evergreen twining or scrambling vine native to the Portuguese island Madeira where it is critically endangered.
It will grow up trees and support structures. It has compound, dark green leaves composed of three wavy-edged, ovate, bright green leaflets.
It has fragrant white star-shaped flowers (2.5cm across) which appear in terminal panicles from the leaf axils in summer, evolving from deep pink buds.


Do you know who Tom Waits is? For some he is a growly old man... for others an iconic figure. He is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and this year his latest album, "Bad as Me", has a Grammy nomination for 'alternative album of the year'. I chuckle over the monikers sometimes attached to descriptions of Mr. Waits and/or his music. What exactly is an 'alternative album'. Looking up the word 'alternative' as an adjective gives me this: "existing outside the establishment". Ah! Now that makes sense.
This last Friday, December 7, 2012, was Tom Waits' birthday.. at least according to some of the tales he has told...born on the anniversary of the 'day that will live in infamy". On this day there was a gathering at the Conor Byrne Pub in Ballard, WA. (Seattle, WA. USA). This was their 6th annual "Tom Waits' Tribute Night". Last year's celebration was Chris' first time playing this tribute night and we were only too happy to be invited to be one of the performers for this year's event. The Conor Byrne does a great job in choosing artists for this event and this year did not disappoint. The featured performers were: The Bad Things, The Puddle Stompers, Carrie Clark & the Lonesome Lovers, The Love Markets, Miss Mamie Lavona the Exotic Mulatta & her White Boy Band, Robert Rial's Bakelite 78, Dan Yost, Sam Russell, Erin McNamee, The Foghorns, Clayton Ballard, Chris Kendziorski (Released From Quiet) , Norman Baker, The Mongrel Jews, and Ben Fisher! Every performance brought a unique twist on classic (what songs of Tom's is not a classic, I ask!?). The performers chosen attire was, at times, as entertaining as the incredible tunes; suits and ties to men wearing black lingerie as the backing band to a beautiful buxom blonde - also in matching black lingerie! Mr. Waits would have felt right at home.
This was a SOLD OUT show. The door proceeds were donated to the Cafe Racer Love Fund. The tragic shooting deaths that occurred at Cafe Racer affected the whole of the music scene - and beyond - and it was heartwarming to see so many people show up to support the cause of helping the families of the victims.


Starting your freelance life is thrilling, and - for many - nerve wracking. Fortunately, many others have already been through the same experience. And even better, some have written about it.
We collected for you 5 stories that describe the great, good, bad and ugly about the starting process.
The Complete Guide to Setting and Negotiating Freelance Rates.
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Yes, I heard about the New York Times' allegations of racism against Cliven Bundy.
First, may I just point out who is making the allegations and that the comments were 'overheard' by a single journalist. I find believing anything the New York Times has to say suspect. However, having said that, if it is true that Bundy made racist remarks and that they were not taken out of context, that is inexcusable.
But this was never about Bundy. It is about the overreach of the BLM, EPA and federal government. It is about the states getting their lands back out West. It is about the militarization of federal agencies. Each of us should be thinking: what if that were my land, my home, my family? I don't think there is a one of us out there that can't be smeared over something in our past and the Left is quite willing to keep digging until they find just the right sordid morsel to discredit you. It's what they do.
If this is an accurate quote (and I mean 'if'), then it is cringe worthy. But it in no way takes from what we are all fighting for here. It will be used against Conservatives and the movement for freedom, but you know what? It won't stop us.
The rate at which this administration is arming federal agencies is quite alarming. Case in point–the recent standoff against Cliven Bundy in Nevada. In recent years, armed federal government agents have stormed against citizens in Ruby Ridge, Miami (the Elian Gonzalez case), and Waco, Texas (the Branch Davidians). Each of these assaults occurred under a Democrat presidential administration. Enabled by lies and deceit, could it be that liberal progressive socialism only works by fear, intimidation, and coercion? Or is Obama more afraid of the American people than our enemies abroad?
I find it humorous that liberal progressives accuse their opponents of being fascists, but the liberals are actually the most intolerant and oppressive when it comes to free speech, expression, and petition of redress of grievances by the American citizenry.
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) now have armed agents. The Department of Justice is heavily partisan — and that assertion has nothing to do with racism. I support our law enforcement agencies having the proper resources and equipment to fulfill their mission of keeping us safe from criminals and enemies who have penetrated our sovereign borders. However, we do not need to become a "police state" where our government agencies start to resemble special operation strike troops of the U.S. mlitary.
West is absolutely right here – this police state crap needs to end. Are you kidding me? 200 armed to the teeth federal agents swoop in on one elderly rancher to make an example of him. But because the Left says they can label him a racist, that makes it okay and vindicates the BLM. What horse crap.
A few things. First, to take the quote at face value it's odd and sounds offensive. You're talking about government overreach and you go into this story? Secondly, I hope no one is surprised that an old man rancher isn't media trained to express himself perfectly. He seems to be decrying what big government has done to the black family — which big government has negatively affected not just the black family, but all families regardless of ethnicity — so perhaps he included that in his remarks against big government? I'm just trying to figure out how he even got to the point of discussing it and yes, it's justified to have a healthy suspicion of the New York Times. I'd be more inclined to believe that the left's outrage is genuine had it been consistent (to say nothing of Harry Reid). Notice how the NYT immediately went to the politicians involved. If Bundy is a racist, that is awful, but what exactly does that have to do with the BLM? I've been saying for weeks that this isn't about one rancher. It's about government overreach. It's about a paramilitarized bureaucratic entity responding to collect a bill in dispute due to arguments over state ownership and open range laws. It's about a bureaucratic entity bypassing state and local laws — which I discussed with Judge Andrew Napolitano on my program — in court procedures and law enforcement.
Does Cliven Bundy's remark make Tommy Henderson, Raymond Yowell, Kenni Patton, and other ranchers in Nevada and north Texas racists then because they also have issues with the BLM? So dissent with the BLM is racist like dissent with Obamacare is racist? Again, this isn't about one person, but the left would love for it to be so. It's easier to kill a spider by cutting off the head.
Don't you see what is happening here? If the Left can discredit Bundy, then it makes it okay to go in and do what they want with the land — violence and all. And if the Feds do it there, they will keep on doing it, until eventually each of us will feel their boots on our necks. It will be personal and it will be brutish. They've just seized a ranch in New Mexico, taken a home from a couple in Colorado, demanded a pond be removed on private land in Wyoming and the BLM/EPA monster has in its sites 90,000 acres along the Red River on the border of Texas and Oklahoma. Just where does it all end? Instead of fleeing the Bundy situation, Conservatives better double down against the BLM and their fascist Agenda 21 mandate.
Stop letting the Progressive Left dictate the narrative out there. Stop believing them every time they yell 'racist!' or some other smear that is handy and kitsch. Stop falling for their Alinsky-style tactics. Just stop it already – Americans have a Constitutional right to their property and their freedoms. None of this has ever been about one man — it's about one Constitution.


BS, Providence College, Providence, RI.
BS, Bryant College School of Business, Smithfild, RI.
"The current formula for education funding was originally designed based on objective criteria, so with some adjustments this formula can be configured to help the towns that need help while holding the state aid to sustainable levels."
"I absolutely oppose a sales tax because the economy of the Mount Washington Valley depends on retail sales. I also oppose an income tax because the lack of an income tax is a unique New Hampshire advantage."
New funding for search and rescue?


Commemorate the most memorable points of your reception with beautiful Wedding Accessories for the bride and groom to use throughout the night. Everything you will need throughout the reception comes organized in matching wedding accessories sets that are made to go with your theme. Get your guest book, pen set, toasting glasses, and cake & knife serving set all at once or order separately.


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Home What we're about How to find us Who we are Recent Events Activity Diary Links
You like our kind of music and would like to have a go but you are a bit nervous about joining a chorus you wonder to youself.. "can I sing.. can I sing in tune.. can I sing in harmony with others". To find out the most asked questons just read on.. "
Where are Magna Carta Chorus based
We are based in Hampton and meet weekly on a Thursday between 7.30pm and 10pm. Have a look at our 'How to find us' page to see where we meet and practice.
What type of songs do we sing
We mostly sing music written up to the 1970's as those type of 'tuneful' songs suit our style of singing. Our songs include popular music, show music and vaudeville music but we also do some comedy numbers and the odd sea shanty too! At Christmas we can also be heard singing the odd Christmas carol.
Do you use any instruments to produce your sound
No there are no instruments used in the chorus. Barbershop singers sing in a style called A Cappella which is defined as 'without musical accompaniment' - a lead who carries the tune, bass below the tune, tenor above the tune and baritone all round the tune.
Do I need to be able to read music
No. Few of us do, but after being with us for a while you'll soon grasp the rudiments of reading music and you'll find that when we have to learn a new song it will be easier.
I'm not sure I can sing in tune
If you can manage to sing Happy Birthday in tune that's good enough for us.
Do I have to audition
Not as such but we will be listening to you when you start singing with us and we will soon know whether you can sing in tune. We will advise you on your singing to get the best out of your voice. Very few people are incapable of singing in tune.


It's our final show of 2016, we welcome Karen Wilson to the program to discuss a variety of musical associations of hers with Sherlock Holmes. From teaching to composing to performing, she does it all, and incorporates that into her Sherlockian pursuits.
Sherlockian societies are literally everywhere. Go ahead and check — we'll wait. And just as there are many things that make them unique, there are just as many that bind them together.


I just moved into a new apartment where pets are not allowed. My next-door neighbor has a yappy Chihuahua that won't shut up. I am afraid to rat him out because I am the new guy and it would be obvious I'm the snitch; plus I don't want to be that guy. The walls are paper thin, and the dog is obnoxiously loud. What should I do?
You're right: Don't rat him out. You'd get rid of the dog but not the neighbor, and I guarantee that a bitter human is worse than a yappy pup. Think of it this way: If you know the rules of the building, your neighbor does, too. And that means he knows that his dog is always one bark away from being evicted. If I had to guess, I bet he thinks those walls are thicker than they are. After all, the dog barks but hasn't been booted. Logical.
So let your neighbor know—nicely and respectfully. Tell him you're totally fine with Sparky being around, but that it keeps you up at night, and you'd really appreciate if there were a way to turn down its volume. The neighbor will know what to do. Or at least he'll know that one day, someone else might not be so kind.


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Researchers Develop Self-Regenerating Muscles That Can Survive Cobra Venom, Grow in Mice
April 16, 2014 at 9:24 pm by Morris Aguilar
Progressive healing of mouse muscle cells following cardiotoxin poisoning.
Researchers at Duke University recently engineered a muscle bundle that mirrors naturally-occurring muscle — they proved it by inserting it into a mouse and watching the muscle grow through a literal window. The engineered tissue may help those with muscle injuries, or even serve as a biological model to replace animal studies.
Mark Juhas, Duke University graduate student and lead author of the study, said that the muscle fibers' close biological function to mammalian muscle fibers holds promise for novel studies in muscle function, disease and repair.
"We will be able to study human diseases by creating these muscles in vitro," Juhas said.
The study, titled "Biomimetic engineered muscle with capacity for vascular integration and functional maturation in vivo," was overseen by Juhas' principle investigator Nenad Bursac and published in PNAS last month.
To engineer the skeletal muscle Juhas harvested rats' satellite cells, which are a subset of stem cells that are predestined to become muscle cells and are responsible for muscle development and regeneration. The cells were later placed in a medium that promoted the growth of muscle cells so that the cells developed in a test tube — that is, in vitro.
"We place the cells into a mold that has a gel mixture that is conducive for the satellite cells to fuse and we have it anchored on both ends to create tension to align the cells," Juhas said.
A muscle cell, also known as a myocyte, has a long, tubular shape and myofibrils within it that generate a contracting force. Juhas said that once a muscle bundle is developed, some satellite cells remain in the muscle for future growth and repairs. In his studies, the satellite cells from the rats successfully developed into myofibrils in a process known as myogenesis.
Electric pulses applied to the artificial muscle fibers revealed that the fibers were 10 times stronger than those of any previously engineered muscles. The strength and similarity of the engineering muscles to naturally-occurring muscles holds promise for their use in drug studies.
According to Juhas, the researchers also tested the muscle bundles' ability to regenerate themselves by exposing the bundles to a cardiotoxin found in snake venom in order to induce damage.
"You do not want to totally destroy all of the muscle with the cardiotoxin, or else you would not be able to regrow it," Juhas said. "You want to rupture enough myofibrils so it will be able to regrow itself."
After allowing the muscle to recover for 10 days, tests found that the muscle was able to restore itself to its pre-injury conditions. Even more incredible, the post-injury muscle was able to exert a force similar to the pre-injury muscle.
These promising results moved the bioengineered muscle forward to another test: transplantation. The researchers inserted the lab-grown muscle fibers into the backs of live mice and placed a glass chamber over the area of insertion. Through the glass window, the researchers could observe the muscles growing by a fluorescent label that flashed brighter as the muscles grew stronger.
Juhas said that after two weeks of in vivo development in the mice, new blood vessels formed in the engineered muscles and that the engineered tissue was then able to generate an output 3.2 times the force of the muscle bundle when it was in vitro.
"The muscle remodels and regenerates on the host as it did in vitro. The addition of all of the vasculature and nutrients create better striations, stronger cells and a threefold force change," Juhas said.
Juhas said that his team's research could help deepen our understanding of the intricacies of muscles, but that more steps need to be taken to validate the model, which may not hold up as well in human studies.
"The first step is being able make human muscle. Afterwards one needs to be able to show that it behaves in such a way based on what is already known about muscle regeneration. These are the next steps to validate this model. It is tricky," Juhas said. "Even when you have people doing all of these studies on rats we wonder how applicable it is for humans."
Despite the uncertain future of these muscle fibers in treating human disease, their creation poses a major breakthrough in the stem cell community and the future of biomedical engineering. Juhas and his team are now working on improving the functional and structural properties of bioengineered skeletal muscle.


If you hope to reach your public through multiple outlets, can justify purchasing a small-business tool, and don't mind finding your own art, this program is the way to go. Creating a newsletter in Microsoft Publisher Deluxe with Photo Editing 2002 is fast and easy; its tools offer a big assist to the time-starved would-be media mogul whose design legs are wobbly.
Particularly obliging is the font scheme feature. You can automatically alter all the elements of a multipage publication by selecting a scheme; the fonts and design elements change to match. And even the newsletter template's dummy copy is filled with expert advice on targeting an audience, determining the frequency of a publication, and placing a story. Finer points such as drop caps and text wrap are within easy reach too. The only weak area is the image collection.
Photo and art editing is well integrated, if basic. Click on a picture and a toolbar pops up to help you acquire, crop, and edit images. Other programs offer fancier cropping tools and effects, but Publisher Deluxe comes bundled with Picture It!, which has those features.
If you want lots of copies of your publication, the software will package the project—with fonts embedded—for a professional printer. You can also order copies by going to www.microsoft.com/publisher and clicking on Printingforless.com. And we especially like the very easy-to-use e-mail newsletter feature.


Dr. Fowler started this practice as an alternative to the traditional Pediatric Clinic model with includes lengthy wait times, mounds of paperwork, confusing Insurance rules, and lack of available time with the doctor. Her goal is to provide each child with a unique experience focusing on their individual needs which includes wellness planning, nutrition, physical activities, social and academic interventions, and lifestyle advice.
However, she also wants to help encourage and motivate parents through local resource guides, community events, and office consults.
Dr. Fowler went back to college fulltime at age 28, attending the University of Texas at Austin. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in History with Asia emphasis. Her minor was Biology and Pre-med Studies. She attended medical school at the University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth for the Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine. She was the class historian all four years and has kept photos and journals from her classmates which are some our favorite local doctors. Dr. Fowler attended pediatric residency at Scott and White Memorial Hospital in Temple, Texas, a branch of Texas A&M Health Science Center. This gives her special status as both a Longhorn and an Aggie.
Dr. Fowler took a position as a primary care physician with Cook Children's at their McCart Community Clinic where she saw sick walk-ins, well checks, Medicaid, private insurance, and used her bilingual abilities to reach a Spanish population. She also moonlighted in the Cook Children's Urgent Care Center, eventually transferring to Cook Children's Northeast Hospital where she worked in the ER and Urgent Care center. During this time, she got great reviews from patients and got to know most of the local pediatricians and specialists located throughout the Cook Children's Network.
Dr. Fowler then accepted a position as the Medical Director of two new Pediatric Urgent Care centers in Tarrant County called Urgent Care for Kids. She was instrumental in the formation of their policies, services, vendor accounts, staffing, and electronic medical record keeping as well as being the clinical consultant for their laboratory and x-ray studies. While working with Urgent Care for Kids, Dr. Fowler suffered a heart condition which made her realize the importance of providing quality care to patients. She prefers to see less patients to provide a standard of excellence while maintaining a heart healthy balanced lifestyle.
NOW ACCEPTING PPO PLANS ONLY.