President Yanukovych. MANAFORT hired numerous firms and people to assist in 16 . all the financial payments to the lobbyist. the Party of Regions. MANAFORT knew that Ukraine had a strong interest in the United States' taking economic and policy positions favorable to Ukraine. was strongly condemned by leading United States executive and legislative branch officials. MANAFORT led a multi-million dollar lobbying campaign in the United States at the direction of the Government of Ukraine. among other information. and the specific steps undertaken for the foreign country in the United States. 20. MANAFORT also knew that the trial and treatment of President Yanukovych's political rival. MANAFORT knew that the filing was required to disclose the name of the foreign country. 19. President Viktor F. MANAFORT knew it was illegal to lobby government officials and engage in public relations activities (hereinafter collectively referred to as lobbying) in the United States on behalf of a foreign government or political party. former Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko. MANAFORT intentionally did so without registering and providing the disclosures required by law. Yanukovych. As part of the lobbying scheme. From 2006 until 2015. and thus he was supposed to submit a written registration statement to the United States Department of Justice. the Party of Regions. and the Opposition Bloc. and was a major hurdle to improving United States and Ukraine relations.MANAFORT's Hiding Of Ukraine Lobbying And Public Relations Work 17. 18. MANAFORT knew he was lobbying in the United States for the Government of Ukraine. without registering with the United States Government under the Foreign Agents Registration Act. including not imposing sanctions on Ukraine. and the Opposition Bloc (the latter two being political parties in Ukraine).
22. 21. For example. MANAFORT took other measures to keep the Ukraine lobbying as secret as possible. directed his lobbyists (including Persons D1 and D2. MANAFORT. 23. These companies and law firm were paid the equivalent of over $11 million for their Ukraine work." Person D1 objected to the plan. The Foreign Agents Registration Act required MANAFORT to disclose 17 . and E. MANAFORT tried to dissuade Company E from filing under the Foreign Agents Registration Act. to participate in what he described to President Yanukovych in writing as a global "Engage Ukraine" lobbying campaign that he devised and led. among others. in written communications on or about May 16. He hired Companies A. 2013.his lobbying campaign in the United States. even though MANAFORT engaged Company E in 2007 to lobby in the United States for the Government of Ukraine. and Law Firm A." "It is very important we have no connection. B. MANAFORT stated that it should be "push[ed]" "[w]ith no fingerprints. Filing under the Foreign Agents Registration Act would have thwarted the secrecy MANAFORT sought in order to conduct an effective campaign for Ukraine to influence both American leaders and the American public." MANAFORT stated that "[m]y goal is to plant some stink on Tymo. D. C. who worked for Company D) to write and disseminate within the United States news stories that alleged that Tymoshenko had paid for the murder of a Ukrainian official. MANAFORT viewed secrecy for himself and for the actions of his lobbyists as integral to the effectiveness of the lobbying offensive he orchestrated for Ukraine. MANAFORT took steps to avoid any of these firms and people disclosing their lobbying efforts under the Foreign Agents Registration Act. As one example. but ultimately Persons D1 and D2 complied with MANAFORT's direction. in a belated filing under the Act in 2008. Only after MANAFORT ceased to use Company E in the fall of 2007 did Company E disclose its work for Ukraine.
As part of the lobbying scheme. Through MANAFORT. and Polish President) to lobby in the United States and Europe on behalf of Ukraine. as MANAFORT knew. advocated positions favorable to Ukraine in meetings with United States lawmakers. of MANAFORT. and ghost written op-eds in American publications.000 euros to be wired from at least three of his offshore accounts to the benefit of Company D to pay secretly for its services. the Government of Ukraine retained an additional group of lobbyists (Company D and Persons D1 and D2). appeared to be providing solely their independent assessments of Government of Ukraine policies. Company D secretly served as intermediaries between the Hapsburg Group and MANAFORT and the Government of Ukraine. MANAFORT explained in an "EYES ONLY" memorandum in or about June 2012 that his purpose was to "assemble a small group of high-level European infuencial [sic] champions and politically credible friends who can act informally and without any visible relationship with the Government of Ukraine.such lobbying. In or about 2012 through 2014. when in fact they were paid by Ukraine." 25. The former politicians. starting in 2011. MANAFORT directed more than 2 million euros to be wired from at least four of his offshore accounts to pay secretly the Hapsburg Group. Italian Prime Minister. at the direction. MANAFORT directed more than the equivalent of 700. The Hapsburg Group and Company D 24. called the Hapsburg Group by MANAFORT. interviews with United States journalists. and with the direct assistance. In addition to lobbying itself. 26. MANAFORT secretly retained Company D and a group of four former European heads of state and senior officials (including a former Austrian Chancellor. In or about 2012 through 2013. He did not. To avoid 18 . All four Hapsburg Group members.
another member of the Hapsburg Group lobbied in the United States for Ukraine. One of the Hapsburg Group members. on May 16. MANAFORT told his lobbyists to stress to the Senators that the former Polish President who was advocating against the resolution was currently a designated representative of the President of the European Parliament. In written 19 . to give extra clout to his supposedly independent judgment against the Senate resolution. 28. The Hapsburg Group member accompanied his country's prime minister to the Oval Office and met with the President and Vice President of the United States. was also a representative of the European Parliament with oversight responsibility for Ukraine. a former Polish President. the United States Senate was considering and ultimately passed a resolution critical of President Yanukovych's treatment of former Prime Minister Tymoshenko. In the fall of 2012. 27. In another example. 2013.European taxation. MANAFORT never revealed to the Senators or to the American public that any of these lobbyists or Hapsburg Group members were paid by Ukraine. as well as directing Companies A and B to have private conversations with Senators to lobby them to place a "hold" on the resolution. the contract with the Hapsburg Group falsely stated that none of its work would take place in Europe. Among the steps he took was having the Hapsburg Group members reach out to United States Senators. MANAFORT also used this Hapsburg Group member's current European Parliament position to Ukraine's advantage in his lobbying efforts in the United States. MANAFORT solicited that official to provide MANAFORT inside information about the European Parliament's views and actions toward Ukraine and to take actions favorable to Ukraine. MANAFORT engaged in an all-out campaign to try to kill or delay the passage of this resolution. as well as senior United States officials in the executive and legislative branches.
to leak the report ahead of its official release to a prominent United States newspaper and then use that initial article to influence reporting globally. in 2012. Law Firm Report and Tymoshenko 29. on the report's issuance on December 13. He did not. as MANAFORT knew. Person D1 reported that the Hapsburg Group member delivered the message of not letting "Russians Steal Ukraine from the West. MANAFORT arranged to have the law firm disseminate hard copies of the report to numerous government officials. MANAFORT retained a public relations firm (Company C) to prepare a media roll-out plan for the law firm report. MANAFORT worked closely with Company C to develop a detailed written lobbying plan in connection with what MANAFORT termed the "selling" of the report. including senior United States executive and legislative branch officials.communications sent to MANAFORT. 30. MANAFORT caused Ukraine to hire the law firm so that its report could be used in the United States and elsewhere to defend the Tymoshenko criminal trial and argue that President Yanukovych and Ukraine had not engaged in selective prosecution. As part of the roll-out plan. MANAFORT solicited a United States law firm to write a report evaluating the trial of Yanukovych's political opponent Yulia Tymoshenko. As another part of the lobbying scheme. on behalf of President Yanukovych and the Government of Ukraine's Ministry of Justice. MANAFORT used one of his offshore accounts to pay Company C the equivalent of more than $1 million for its services. 20 . 2012. This campaign included getting the law firm's report "seeded" to the press in the United States—that is. 31." The Foreign Agents Registration Act required MANAFORT to disclose such lobbying.
was retained to represent Ukraine itself. a fact that MANAFORT did not disclose to the public. in a July 27. in addition to being retained to write the report. These facts. For example. MANAFORT directed lobbyists to tout the report as showing that President Yanukovych had not selectively prosecuted Tymoshenko. 35.32. MANAFORT reported on "the global rollout strategy for the [law firm's] legal report. Manafort knew that the report also did not disclose that the law firm. 34. MANAFORT also knew that the Government of Ukraine did not want to disclose how much the report cost. 33. including in connection with the Tymoshenko case and to provide training to the trial team prosecuting Tymoshenko. 2012 memorandum to President Yanukovych's Chief of Staff. But in November 2012 MANAFORT had been told privately in writing by the law firm that the evidence of Tymoshenko's criminal intent "is virtually non-existent" and that it was unclear even among legal experts that Tymoshenko lacked power to engage in the conduct central to the Ukraine criminal case.6 million was paid to the law firm for its work. and provide[d] a detailed plan of action" which included step-by-step lobbying outreach in the United States.000. known by MANAFORT. were not disclosed to the public. the Government of Ukraine reported falsely that the report cost just $12. More than $4. Instead. MANAFORT used one of his offshore accounts to funnel $4 million to pay the law firm. MANAFORT and others knew that the actual cost of the report and the scope of the law firm's work would undermine the report's being perceived as an independent assessment and thus being an effective lobbying tool for MANAFORT to use to support the incarceration of President 21 . MANAFORT reported on the law firm's work on the report and Company C's lobbying plan to President Yanukovych and other representatives of the Government of Ukraine. 36.
writing to Person D1 "I have someone pushing it on the NY Post." MANAFORT then told his United States lobbyist to inform the Administration that Ukraine had worked to prevent the Administration's presidential opponent from including damaging language in the Israeli statement. MANAFORT sought to undermine United States support for Tymoshenko by spreading stories in the United States that a senior Cabinet official (who had been a prominent critic of Yanukovych's treatment of Tymoshenko) was supporting anti-Semitism because the official supported Tymoshenko. worked to disseminate this story in the United States. D.Yanukovych's political opponent. Company A and Company B 38. as he wrote in a contemporaneous communication." MANAFORT sought to have the Administration understand that "the Jewish community will take this out on Obama on election day if he does nothing. noted above. in October 2012. Bada bing bada boom. and thus further ingratiate Yanukovych with the Administration. In addition to disseminating stories about her soliciting murder. MANAFORT coordinated privately with a senior Israeli government official to issue a written statement publicizing this story. 37. in February 2012. MANAFORT then. lobbying firms (Company A and Company B) to lobby in the United States on 22 .C. so as not to harm the Administration. MANAFORT solicited two Washington. As a third part of the lobbying scheme. with secret advance knowledge of that Israeli statement. "[O]bama jews" put pressure on the Administration to disavow Tymoshenko and support Yanukovych. who in turn had formed a political alliance with a Ukraine party that espoused anti-Semitic views. In addition to the law firm report. MANAFORT orchestrated a scheme to have. MANAFORT took other steps on behalf of the Government of Ukraine to tarnish Tymoshenko in the United States.
the Party of Regions and the Government of Ukraine. Companies A and B. MANAFORT repeatedly communicated in person and in writing with President Yanukovych and his staff about the lobbying activities of Companies A and B and he tasked the companies to prepare assessments of their work so he. could brief President Yanukovych. and White House and State Department officials about Ukraine sanctions. Company B wrote in an email to its team about a "potential representation for the Ukraine. at MANAFORT's direction.. in early 2012 at the inception of the relationship. the validity of Ukraine elections. engaged in extensive United States lobbying. 41. in turn. For instance. their staff. MANAFORT wrote President Yanukovych a memorandum dated April 8. 2012. MANAFORT prepared a report for President Yanukovych that the meeting "went well" and reported a series of positive developments for Ukraine from the meeting. Among other things.behalf of President Yanukovych. MANAFORT arranged to pay Companies A and B over $2 million from his offshore accounts for their United States lobbying work for Ukraine. in 23 . 42. with a Member of Congress who was on a subcommittee that had Ukraine within its purview. D.C. and the propriety of President Yanukovych's imprisoning Tymoshenko. Indeed. 40. For instance. MANAFORT provided direction to Companies A and B in their lobbying efforts. with the assistance of Company A. He also personally met in March 2013 in Washington. his presidential rival. In addition. including providing support for numerous United States visits by numerous senior Ukrainian officials." 39. After the meeting. they lobbied dozens of Members of Congress. He drafted and edited numerous ghost-written op-eds for publication in United States newspapers." having been contacted "at the suggestion of Paul Manafort who has been working on the current PM elections. MANAFORT also personally lobbied in the United States.
MANAFORT knew 24 . [or] controlled" in whole or in major part by the Government of Ukraine or the Party of Regions. noted among other things that the "client" had not been as successful as hoped given that it had an Embassy in Washington. 43. 45. who became the Ukraine Foreign Minister. MANAFORT and others arranged for the Centre to represent falsely that it was not "directly or indirectly supervised. and to avoid having to register as agents of Ukraine under the Foreign Agents Registration Act. It is my intention to provide you with a weekly update moving forward. MANAFORT described the Centre as "the Brussels NGO that we have formed" to coordinate lobbying for Ukraine.which he provided an update on the lobbying firms' activities "since the inception of the project a few weeks ago. MANAFORT knew that the false and misleading representations would lead Companies A and B not to register their activities pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act. The Centre was founded by a Ukraine Party of Regions member and Ukraine First Vice-Prime Minister. 44. Despite the Centre being the ostensible client of Companies A and B. 46. MANAFORT with others arranged for Companies A and B to be engaged by a newly-formed Brussels entity called the European Centre for the Modern Ukraine (the Centre)." The resulting memorandum from Companies A and B. The head of its Board was another member of the Party of Regions. instead of directly by the Government of Ukraine. Gates wrote to Companies A and B that the firms needed to prepare an assessment of their past and prospective lobbying efforts so the "President" could be briefed by "Paul" "on what Ukraine has done well and what it can do better as we move into 2013. directed. with input from Gates. In spite of these ties to Ukraine." In November 2012. To distance their United States lobbying work from the Government of Ukraine.
C. The letters.]" "It's like Alice in Wonderland. 47. The firms received direction from MANAFORT and his subordinate Gates. among other things. In November 2016 and February 2017. both of which were approved by MANAFORT before they were submitted by his counsel. on behalf of the Government of Ukraine. through his unwitting legal counsel. The head of Company B told his team to think the President of Ukraine "is the client. for instance noting that the "client" had an Embassy in Washington D. and employees of both Companies A and B referred to the client in ways that made clear they knew it was Ukraine. Gates." referring to the Centre in an email as the "European hot dog stand for a Modern Ukraine. MANAFORT and Gates conspired to knowingly and intentionally cause false and misleading letters to be submitted to the Department of Justice." Conspiring to Obstruct Justice: False and Misleading Submissions to the Department of Justice 48. which was not even operational when Companies A and B began lobbying for Ukraine. and DMI in writing that it sought to determine whether they had acted as agents of a foreign principal under the Foreign Agents Registration Act. [Y]ou've gotta see through the nonsense of that[." As a Company A employee noted to another company employee: the lobbying for the Centre was "in name only. MANAFORT. Various employees of Companies A and B understood that they were receiving direction from MANAFORT and President Yanukovych. represented falsely. without registering. In September 2016. the Department of Justice National Security Division informed MANAFORT. and the Centre's written certification that it was not related to the Party of Regions as "a fig leaf on a fig leaf. that: 25 ." An employee of Company B described the Centre as a fig leaf. Gates. after numerous press reports concerning MANAFORT had appeared in August.that the Centre did not direct or oversee their work. not the Centre.
.". a "search has returned no responsive documents. MANAFORT had: selected Companies A and B. c. it is the recollection and understanding of Messrs.S. undated document that purported to be a DMI "Email Retention Policy. sought and received detailed oral and written reports from these firms on the lobbying work they had performed. b. nor do they recall being party to. and paid the 26 . as directed by the [Centre]. both congratulated and reprimanded Companies A and B on their lobbying work. arranging.S. or facilitating any such communications. Gates and Manafort that such communications would have been facilitated and conducted by the [Centre's] U. communicated with Yanukovych to brief him on their lobbying efforts. communicated directly with United States officials in connection with this work. MANAFORT had merely served as a means of introduction of Company A and Company B to the Centre and provided the Centre with a list of "potential U. Rather. DMI "does not retain communications beyond thirty days" and as a result of this policy.S. DMI's "efforts on behalf of the Party of Regions" "did not include meetings or outreach within the U. government officials or U. In fact." The November 2016 letter attached a one-page.S." 49. MANAFORT did not "recall meeting with or conducting outreach to U. media outlets on behalf of the [Centre]. . consultants.-based consultants—including [Company A] and [Company B]—for the [Centre's] reference and further consideration". and d. a.S. engaged in weekly scheduled calls and frequent emails with Companies A and B to provide them directions as to specific lobbying steps that should be taken.". .
The Federal Bureau of Investigation conducted a court-authorized search of MANAFORT'S home in Virginia in the summer of 2017. to wit. In or around and between 2006 and 2016. in violation of Title 22. to wit: a felony violation of FARA. affecting interstate and foreign commerce. Money Laundering Conspiracy 51. as he knew at the time. Sections 612 and 618. and transfer monetary instruments and funds from places outside the United States to and through places in the United States and from places in the United States to and through places outside the United States. with intent to engage in conduct constituting a violation of sections 7201 and 7206 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. United States Code. 616. 697.lobbying firms over $2. together with others. with the intent to promote the carrying on of specified unlawful activity. knowing that the property involved in the financial transactions represented proceeds of some form of unlawful activity. 692. The documents attached hereto as Government Exhibits 503. 606. transmit. did knowingly and intentionally conspire (a) to conduct financial transactions. 27 . among numerous others. and (b) to transport. among other things. which involved the proceeds of specified unlawful activity. United States Code. MANAFORT. 594. 504. in fact MANAFORT had numerous incriminating documents in his possession. 706 and 708. 517. Although MANAFORT had represented to the Department of Justice in November 2016 and February 2017 that he had no relevant documents. 532. 691. Sections 612 and 618. contrary to Title 18. 50.5 million from offshore accounts he controlled. United States Code. Section 1956(a)(1)(A)(ii) and (a)(2)(A). felony violations of FARA in violation of Title 22. 604. were all documents that MANAFORT had in his possession. custody or control (and were found in the search) and all pre- dated the November 2016 letter.
Schedule B had a "Yes" or "No" box to record an answer to the question: "At any time during [the calendar year]. or regulatory investigations or proceedings. First. any bank account or other financial account held in foreign countries. 54. and FinCEN provides access to its FBAR database to law enforcement entities. detect. did you have an interest in or a signature or other authority over a financial account in a foreign country. For each year in or about and between 2007 through at least 2014." The Bank Secrecy Act requires these reports because they have a high degree of usefulness in criminal. The reports filed by individuals and businesses are used by law enforcement to identify. 56. the Bank Secrecy Act and its implementing regulations require United States citizens to report to the United States Treasury any financial interest in. For instance. MANAFORT was 30 . including the Federal Bureau of Investigation. 55. securities account.000 at any point during the year. United States citizens also are obligated to report information to the IRS regarding foreign bank accounts. MANAFORT had authority over foreign accounts that required an FBAR report. or signatory authority over. or other financial account?" If the answer was "Yes." then the form required the taxpayer to enter the name of the foreign country in which the financial account was located.obligations to the United States. tax. and other unlawful activities. for every calendar year in which the aggregate balance of all such foreign accounts exceeds $10. Second. tax evasion. This is commonly known as a foreign bank account report or "FBAR. The United States Treasury's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is the custodian for FBAR filings. and deter money laundering that furthers criminal enterprise activity. in 2010 Form 1040. Specifically. such as a bank account.
in each of MANAFORT's tax filings for 2007 through 2014. 57. when MANAFORT's tax preparer again emailed the question in connection with the preparation of MANAFORT's tax returns: "Foreign bank accounts etc." MANAFORT responded the same way as recently as October 3. MANAFORT defrauded the banks that loaned him the money so that he could withdraw more money at a cheaper rate than he otherwise would have been permitted. Manafort represented falsely that he did not have authority over any foreign bank accounts. on October 4.required to report to the United States Treasury each foreign bank account held by the foreign MANAFORT entities noted above in paragraph 10. he took out mortgages on the properties thereby allowing MANAFORT to have the benefits of liquid income without paying taxes on it. MANAFORT. MANAFORT falsely responded "NO. knowing that such false representations would result in false MANAFORT tax filings.?" MANAFORT responded on or about the same day: "NONE. In 2012. No FBAR reports were made by MANAFORT for these accounts. MANAFORT had repeatedly and falsely represented in writing to MANAFORT's tax preparer that MANAFORT had no authority over foreign bank accounts. such as a bank account. did you [or your wife or children] have an interest in or a signature or other authority over a financial account in a foreign country. 2016. Further. 2011. 59. Furthermore. LLC" 31 . For instance." MANAFORT's Fraud To Increase Access To Offshore Money 58. MANAFORT's tax preparer asked MANAFORT in writing: "At any time during 2010. securities account or other financial account?" On the same day. through a corporate vehicle called "MC Soho Holdings. After MANAFORT used his offshore accounts to purchase real estate in the United States.
C. JR.C. From in or about and between 2006 and 2017. (b) tax fraud (in violation of 26 U. MANAFORT used the property from at least January 2015 through 2016 as an income-generating rental property. and 618(a)(2)). and to commit offenses against the United States. knowingly and intentionally conspired to defraud the United States by impeding. In his tax returns.850.000 in cash for the property. together with others.owned by him and his family. 618(a)(1). in the District of Columbia and elsewhere. charging thousands of dollars a week on Airbnb. MANAFORT took advantage of the beneficial tax consequences of owning this rental property. namely the Department of Justice and the Department of the Treasury. Paragraphs 1 through 60 are incorporated here. both dates being approximate and inclusive. He paid approximately $2. § 1956).000. §§ 612. New York. impairing. New York. § 7206(1)).S.C. MANAFORT. All of that money came from a MANAFORT entity in Cyprus.. (c) failing to file Foreign Bank Account Reports (in violation of 31 U. (a) money laundering (in violation of 18 U. 32 .000. bought a condominium on Howard Street in the Soho neighborhood in Manhattan.C. MANAFORT -. He paid approximately $3. and defeating the lawful governmental functions of a government agency. among other places.S.bought a brownstone on Union Street in the Carroll Gardens section of Brooklyn. LLC" similarly owned by him and his family -. the defendant PAUL J. 62. COUNT ONE Conspiracy Against The United States 61. obstructing. 60. (d) violating the Foreign Agents Registration Act (in violation of 22 U. All the money used to purchase the condominium came from MANAFORT entities in Cyprus. Also in 2012. §§ 5312 and 5322(b)). including Gates and Kilimnik.through a corporate vehicle called "MC Brooklyn Holdings.S.S. to wit.
with intent to influence. 63. MANAFORT.C. 2018. both dates being approximate and inclusive. Paragraphs 1 through 60 are incorporated here. (18 U.C. MANAFORT began reaching out directly and indirectly to Persons D1 and D2 to induce them to say falsely that they did not work in the United States as part 33 . On February 22. which are incorporated herein. in violation of 18 U. in the District of Columbia and elsewhere..and (e) lying and misrepresenting to the Department of Justice (in violation of 18 U. 2018 and April 2018. §§ 612 and 618(a)(2)). MANAFORT was charged in the District of Columbia in a Superseding Indictment that for the first time included allegations about the Hapsburg Group and MANAFORT's use of that group to lobby illegally in the United States in violation of the Foreign Agent Registration Act.S. JR. In furtherance of the conspiracy and to effect its illegal object. § 1001(a) and 22 U.S.C. committed the overt acts. knowingly and intentionally conspired to corruptly persuade another person. the defendant PAUL J. delay and prevent the testimony of any person in an official proceeding. 66.S. Immediately after February 22.) COUNT TWO Conspiracy to Obstruct Justice (Witness Tampering) 64. together with others. MANAFORT knew that the Act prescribed only United States lobbying. including Konstantin Kilimnik. MANAFORT. together with others.C. §§ 371 and 3551 et seq. within the District of Columbia and elsewhere. to wit: Persons D1 and D2. § 1512(b)(1).S. From in or about and between February 23. 2018. as set forth in the paragraphs above. 65.
The United States will also seek a judgment against the defendant for a sum of money representing the property described in this paragraph (to be offset by the forfeiture of any specific property). United States Code. and any property traceable thereto. real or personal. and 982(a)(1). 981(a)(1)(C). but is not limited to. New York 11976. Upon conviction of the offense charged in Count One. c. New York. and attachments thereon. and attachments thereon. and any property traceable to such property. 69. b. The real property and premises commonly known as 174 Jobs Lane. Lot 65). involved in such offense. including all appurtenances. The real property and premises commonly known as 29 Howard Street. New York 10013 (Block 209. New York 11231 (Block 429. and any property traceable thereto. which constitutes or is derived from proceeds traceable to the offense. pursuant to Title 18. and any property traceable thereto. JR.C. improvements. §§ 371 and 3551 et seq. United States Code.. Sections 981(a)(1)(A). improvements. Section 2461(c).. and attachments thereon. The property subject to forfeiture by PAUL J. and Title 28. (18 U. Brooklyn. and any property. Water Mill. The real property and premises commonly known as 377 Union Street.) FORFEITURE ALLEGATIONS 68. MANAFORT. improvements.S. the following listed assets: a. shall forfeit to the United States any property. Lot 1104). real or personal. including all appurtenances. 36 . including all appurtenances. the defendant PAUL J. includes. MANAFORT. JR. #4D.


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Precise dating of zircon crystals suggests that Earth may have been conducive to life even before an epic influx of asteroids pummeled our planet 4 billion years ago.
Molecular hydrogen provides energy for many bacteria, in hot springs at Yellowstone and in rocks several kilometers beneath the surface. How did molecular hydrogen get inside these deep rocks, and what does this tell us about the origin of life on Earth?
Research on methane at a Mexican salt flat could help reveal the source of methane that has been detected in the atmosphere of Mars. But first scientists have to decipher the unique – and seemingly contradictory - isotopic signature of the Mexican methane.
Meteorites shower the Earth with amino acids. A new project is exploring how long amino acids could survive on asteroids, meteorites, and the early Earth. The results could help scientists pinpoint how and where life on our planet began.
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In the ultra-bright galaxy Arp 220, radio astronomers have for the first time detected all the ingredients of an amino acid beyond the Milky Way. The study confirms that familiar carbon chemistry exists in the distant universe, and could help constrain the search for life.
Astrobiology Magazine is looking back over 2007, highlighting the Top 10 astrobiology stories of the year. At number 6 is the discovery that 420 million years ago, fungi stood as tall as trees, reaching up to 20 feet in height.
Power in Space: Time for a Biological Solution?
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text:
The 13th Round
Low Blows
Opponent Watch
Fighter Favourites
Bookie Batterer
Amateur News
Martin Quinn rules out Francy Luzoho rematch – Targets Victor Rabei
By Jonny Stapleton | on April 2, 2019 |
Martin Quinn's domestic scalping knife is ready to draw more blood.
Within minutes of defeating Francy Luzoho [1(1)-1(0)] and 'proving people wrong' in a highly entertaining and high-octane all-Irish affair, Quinn was calling for a shot at BUI Celtic light welterweight champion Victor Rabei.
The Moldovan-Dub, who beat Jake Hanney further up the same 'Clash of the Titans' card now wants to move onto the Irish title, for which Quinn is currently ineligible, but the charismatic Crumlin man has thrown his name into the hat as a potential opponent nonetheless.
Having faced two Irish opponents in succession, losing a controversial decision to Karl Kelly last year before his somewhat similarly controversial victory over Luzoho, 'Mighty Martin' believes he has earned a fight with Rabei [7(2)-0].
There are big rematch calls from fight fans and Team Luzoho alike following the contentious 59-56 verdict in favour of Quinn, but the Boxing Ireland fighter is all about moving forward.
"I'd like Victor next," Quinn [3(1)-1(0)] told Irish-Boxing.com in the minutes after the win before dismissing a rematch with Luzoho.
"I don't want to go backwards. Why do a rematch? The only reason I'd fight Karl is to avenge that loss and because I got robbed."
"Everyone said Francy was a step up, I won that so let me step up again against Vic. That would be a good fight and I think I earned a shot at that title now plus I people should know I was only 50% in that fight so I'd be better against Victor."
While the Stephen Sharpe-managed fighter was keen to look forward following a win that was celebrated wildly in the blue corner, he also wanted to reflect on the build up of his most recent win.
Quinn felt he wasn't shown the respect he deserved going into the domestic derby and rejoiced in getting the nod as well as, in his mind, proving the doubters wrong.
"See, people underestimated me," he explained.
"That just proves I am good. If he was the next great thing, which is mad after your debut, then people have to admit I am a good boxer."
"Everyone was asking me about his debut and how good he was. Well, if you all think he was good then you better start saying I am good. I am 4-0 now. I didn't lose to Karl Kelly. Everyone knows that. So look at it in my four fights I have beaten two Irish lads. I feel really proud now," he added before admitting it wasn't easy against Luzoho.
"Don't get me wrong, he caught me with a few good shots in there, but it was nothing I couldn't handle. I said this to you all, that I'd deal with what he had to offer."
"Honestly, and I mean this, fair play to Francy, he came to fight, he did hurt me in the second and there is no shame in that defeat to me. I really enjoyed defeating him, but I think he will have some good nights down the line."
Quinn agrees that Luzoho had his moments in the fight, but points out his opponent tired, something he took full advantage of.
"I felt tired after three rounds, which shouldn't happen and maybe that was to do with this week, but listen, I knew for a fact he was getting ti"red.
"In the second he caught me with a left hook and I wobbled. It was a big shot and I heard the corner screaming at me to get my hands up, but after that I settled in. He went into that Mexican style, put his hands up and kept marching forward with his head down. I knew then he was tired – now I'll be honest I was tired too, but when I noticed him getting tired it gave me a second wind."
"In the first and the second round I felt his shots and, look, he is a good fighter, but after the third he wasn't stinging me and I think I was hurting him."
The fact Quinn has some personal issues in fight week made the win all the more satisfactory. In fact he claims he produced the best win of his career at just half-capacity.
"I had a few problems in training and in the last week in particular. I don't like talking like this, but I know the week I had. I had some personal problems this week and I couldn't train or eat healthy. I was 50 percent in there. I don't like talking like that, but I know how hard this week was and I am delighted I still managed that performance," he adds before crediting Crumlin coach 'Butch' with helping him make serious improvements in recent camps.
Bra Brady, Stephen Sharpe, Andy O'Neill, Martin Quinn, Butch, Phil Sutcliffe Sr
"I am tough as nails. I might not be the best boxer in the world, but I will get in there and fight. I have to say Butch has brought me on a lot on the pads. So, skills-wise I am getting better."
"Don't get me wrong Phil [Sutcliffe] is the best in the business and to have him in my corner is great, but I think the one on one work I got with Butch has brought me on a lot. I have to give it to him he is a great help."
"I am still a raw novice in my opinion. I only started boxing five years ago so I am still learning."
Photo Credit: Ricardo Guglielminotti – The Fighting Irish (@ThefIrish)
Tags: francy luzohomartin quinn
Matt Macklin slams Jason Quigley's management following shock loss – reveals ignored offer
July 19, 2019 - 0 Comment
Jason Quigley suffers shock stoppage defeat to Tureano Johnson
Katelynn Phelan promises to surprise with something 'big' on Leeside Revolution card
"Judges in the venue came up to me and said that I won" – Luzoho looking for Quinn rematch
April 8, 2019 - 0 Comment
4 Talking Points from 'Clash of the Titans'
Martin Quinn wants rematch of Francy Luzoho war for a title
Editor of Irish-boxing.com , co founder of Junior Sports Media and more and as Chopper says, I can't even spell
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text:
Fun Cards: 1988 American League All-Star Pitchers
"Sweet Music" Frank Viola was 14-2 at the All-Star break in 1988, making him the easy choice to start the game for the American League. He pitched two innings and earned the victory.
"The Rocket" Roger Clemens was next up for the AL, and retired all three batters he faced.
Mark Gubicza was the first American League pitcher to enter the game that didn't have a cool nickname. He was also the first (and only) to let the National League score; Vince Coleman came home on a wild pitch in the 4th.
Should Dave Stieb be in the Hall of Fame? I think not, but there are a lot of Stieb stumpers out there. He appeared in seven ASGs in his career, but only tallied 176 victories over 16 seasons.
Jeff Russell was the "player to be named later" in the 1985 Reds-Rangers trade that saw Buddy Bell come to Cincinnati.
Doug Jones had a breakout season in 1988; it was the first of five seasons in which he saved at least 30 games, and his first of five All-Star Games.
When I started collecting baseball cards, Dan Plesac seemed to be in every discount store box set. He had a solid 18-year career, but nothing that would have warranted his inclusion in so many "Young Superstar" and "Hottest Players"-type sets.
Dennis Eckersley was the only Hall of Fame pitcher on the American League roster. Of course, Clemens would have been enshrined long ago if he hadn't derailed his chances by getting caught using performance enhancers.
Two pitchers were on the American League roster but didn't get into the game. The first is the manager's own closer, Jeff Reardon. I wonder if players get mad when they don't get to play, or if the experience of being there is enough.
Doyle Alexander started his big league career in 1971 and was named an All-Star for the first time in 1988. He did not get an opportunity to take the mound.
Tags: 1988 Topps, All-Star, Boston Red Sox, Cleveland Indians, Dan Plesac, Dave Stieb, Dennis Eckersley, Detroit Tigers, Doug Jones, Doyle Alexander, Frank Viola, fun cards, Jeff Reardon, Jeff Russell, Kansas City Royals, Mark Gubicza, Milwaukee Brewers, Minnesota Twins, Oakland A's, Roger Clemens, Texas Rangers, The Real All-Stars of 1988, Toronto Blue Jays
Fun Cards: 1988 American League All-Star Catchers
To say Terry Steinbach was a controversial pick to start at catcher would be an understatement, and even he knew it. "There were a lot of mixed emotions. In 1987, I had a decent year as a rookie, but in '88, I had missed a month with an injury and wasn't hitting worth crap." His home run off NL starter Dwight Gooden and MVP win briefly quieted opponents. Looking back historically, however, it's clear that he was a poor choice.
Tim Laudner of Minnesota was selected as the backup. The players would have made him the starter and Steinbach's teammate Ron Hassey the backup, though B.J. Surhoff and Andy Allanson had their apologists as well.
Tim Laudner 24
Ron Hassey 21
B.J. Surhoff 20
Andy Allanson 18
Rick Cerone 14
Bob Boone 13
Matt Nokes 12
Carlton Fisk 12
Terry Steinbach 9
Don Slaught 8
Ernie Whitt 8
Mike Macfarlane 4
Dave Valle 1
Geno Petralli 1
Mike Heath 1
Ron Karkovice 1
Tags: 1988 Topps, All-Star, fun cards, Minnesota Twins, Oakland A's, Terry Steinbach, The Real All-Stars of 1988, Tim Laudner
Fun Cards: 1988 American League All-Star Outfielders
The top three vote-getters among American League outfielders were Rickey Henderson, Dave Winfield, and Jose Canseco.
Canseco went on to win the AL MVP Award on the strength of the first-ever 40 home run/40 stolen base season.
Coming in second for the MVP Award was Mike Greenwell, who believes he should be retroactively honored due to Canseco's admitted steroid use.
Kirby Puckett rounds out (no pun intended) the AL outfield in 1988.
Was anyone snubbed? The players would have added Cleveland outfielder Joe Carter to the roster ahead of Henderson, but since the fans get to select the starters, Carter stayed home.
Dave Wlnfleld 141
Jose Canseco 129
Kirby Puckett 126
Mike Greenwell 50
Joe Carter 47
Rickey Henderson 32
Ellis Burks 8
George Bell 6
Bo Jackson 5
Dwight Evans 3
Robin Yount 3
Chili Davis 3
Danny Tartabull 2
Jack Clark 2
Willie Wilson 2
Dan Gladden 2
Devon White 1
Gary Ward 1
Pat Sheridan 1
Mickey Brantley 1
Lloyd Moseby 1
Cory Snyder 1
Gary Pettis 1
Tags: 1988 Topps, All-Star, Boston Red Sox, Dave Winfield, fun cards, Jose Canseco, Kirby Puckett, Mike Greenwell, Minnesota Twins, New York Yankees, Oakland A's, Rickey Henderson, The Real All-Stars of 1988
Fun Cards: 1988 American League All-Star Third Basemen
Wade Boggs was the starting third baseman for the American League, with Carney Lansford and Gary Gaetti on the bench. I posted the Lansford and Gaetti cards a couple of years ago when they were initially made, but I had not yet decided to make new versions of the All-Stars who had cards in the actual Topps set. After I finished everything else earlier this year, I decided to go back and update the actual All-Stars as well.
How did the actual roster compare with the players' opinions? See for yourself; here are the players' picks:
Wade Boggs 90
Carney Lanstord 46
Gary Gaetti 36
Paul Molitor 5
Jim Presley 2
Jack Howell 2
Luis Saiazar 2
Mike Pagliarulo 1
Kevin Seitzer 1
Buddy Bell 1
I find the inclusion of Bell on the list amusing since he didn't even play in the American League in 1988. He lost his starting job to Chris Sabo during spring training and was traded to Houston in June. In 1988, the Astros were still a National League team (as they should be still).
Tags: 1988 Topps, All-Star, Boston Red Sox, Carney Lansford, fun cards, Gary Gaetti, Minnesota Twins, Oakland A's, The Real All-Stars of 1988, Wade Boggs
Fun Cards: 1988 American League All-Star First Basemen
Following his record-setting rookie campaign in 1987, Mark McGwire was voted by fans to start at first base in the 1988 All-Star Game in Cincinnati.
On the bench were Don Mattingly, who the players thought should have been the starter, and future Hall of Famer George Brett, who had just made the switch to first from third in 1987.
USA Today surveyed the players in each league on who they thought should start the game. Players were only allowed to vote for their own league, and could not choose teammates. Results for American League first base were as follows:
Don Mattingly 83
George Brett 76
Kent Hrbek 17
Mark McGwire 13
Fred McGriff 9
Pete O'Brien 2
Carney Lansford 1
Steve Balboni 1
The 1988 All-Star Game is special to me because it was held in Cincinnati. I started making these cards two years ago and finally finished the complete rosters (front and back, including managers) earlier this year. I plan to post them here over the next few weeks. Hope you enjoy!
Please note that these are NOT real cards. There are no physical copies and they are not for sale. They exist only in digital form.
Tags: 1988 Topps, All-Star, Don Mattingly, fun cards, George Brett, Kansas City Royals, Mark McGwire, New York Yankees, Oakland A's, The Real All-Stars of 1988
Fun Cards: 2019 TWJ Don Sutton
Don Sutton is often cited as a prime example of a "compiler," a guy who is able to stick around for a long time and keep padding his statistical record while never truly dominating. And to that accusation (if you want to call it that), I say, "So what?" If he's good enough to stick around, let him stick around.
Even though he was only named to four All-Star teams and only won 20 games once in 23 seasons, he had five straight top-five finishes for the Cy Young Award from 1972 through 1976. Outside of that brief brilliance, though, Sutton never received much recognition for his abilities. Even when it came time for Hall of Fame consideration, it took five ballot cycles for the BBWAA to decide to induct a 300-win, 3500-strikeout pitcher.
One other interesting note about Sutton: he attended four different colleges in three states. He started at the Gulf Coast Community College in Panama City, Florida, then went to Mississippi College in Clinton. From there, he went to the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, and finished up at Whittier College in Whittier, California.
Tags: 2019 TWJ, California Angels, Don Sutton, fun cards, Houston Astros, Los Angeles Dodgers, Milwaukee Brewers, Oakland A's
Fun Cards: 2019 TWJ Joe Morgan
Joe Morgan only went to two All-Star Games during his first stint with Houston in the 1960s and early 1970s. Once he arrived in Cincinnati, though, he never missed the mid-season appointment. From 1972 to 1978, "The Little General" started at second base for the National League, and in 1979 he was named as a reserve. After leaving the Reds in 1980, he never made another All-Star team. Coincidence?
Tags: 2019 TWJ, Cincinnati Reds, fun cards, Houston Astros, Joe Morgan, Oakland A's, Philadelphia Phillies, San Francisco Giants
If I made a baseball card set called "Opening Day"…
It would look a lot like the 1987 Donruss "Opening Day" set. Not design-wise, but concept-wise. It would feature only the starters from Opening Day, perhaps the manager or mascot as well. It would (if possible) feature photos from Opening Day. I would definitely avoid using the same photo as used in the flagship set. Thirty teams, ten cards per team…a nice 300-card set featuring the starting lineup for each team.
The Mariners and A's played the first game of the 2019 season early Wednesday morning in Japan. Well, it wasn't early in Japan, but it was early here in the States. 5:30 a.m. Eastern time. I was able to watch the first inning and a half before my shift at work ended.
The Mariners Blog posted a bunch of fantastic photos, and I converted several of them into "fun cards." The only player omitted from that post was Jay Bruce, but I was able to find a photo for him from an exhibition game played earlier in Japan.
The Mariners starting lineup was Bruce (1B), Dee Gordon (2B), Ryon Healy (3B), Tim Beckham (SS), Ichiro Suzuki (RF), Mitch Haniger (CF), Domingo Santana (LF), Omar Narvaez (C), Marco Gonzalez (P), and Edwin Encarnacion (DH). Scott Servais is the manager.
It was not as easy finding photos on the A's side. I'm sure there is a good blog that posted nice photos, but I didn't spend a lot of time searching. I did find enough from the game on Twitter and Google to make five players and the manager. The A's starting lineup was Matt Olson (1B), Jurickson Profar (2B), Matt Chapman (3B), Marcus Semien (SS), Stephen Piscotty (RF), Ramon Laureano (CF), Chad Pinder (LF), Nick Hundley (C), Mike Fiers (P), and Khris Davis (DH). They are managed by Bob Melvin.
This design has a definite 2007 Fleer flavor to them. Not what I was going for, but I don't hate it. It may be a little too similar to other designs I have made in the past though.
I plan to make a few of these for the Reds as I find good photos from Opening Day. If other teams post some good pics on Twitter, I may do a few non-Reds as well. Is there anyone you would like to see in this design (assuming, of course, they are in the starting lineup next Thursday)?
Tags: 2019 TWJ, fun cards, Ichiro, Jay Bruce, Oakland A's, Opening Day, Seattle Mariners
Fun Cards: 2019 TWJ Mike Piazza
Don't get mad at me. These are "fun cards." If I want to make a card of Mike Piazza wearing a Marlins uniform, I will. So what if he only played five games for the Fish?
Honestly, the Dodgers never should have traded this guy. He was the franchise in the 1990s, and they were foolish to let their relationship deteriorate. Yes, he is wearing a Mets cap on his Cooperstown plaque, and statistically, that's what it should be. But it shouldn't, because he never should have worn a Mets cap as a player. He should have been a career Dodger.
Tags: 2019 TWJ, Florida Marlins, fun cards, Los Angeles Dodgers, Mike Piazza, New York Mets, Oakland A's, San Diego Padres
Fun Cards: 2019 TWJ Goose Gossage
Rich "Goose" Gossage was a reliever for the majority of his career, but in 1976 the White Sox used him as a starter. Despite a 5-7 record as the All-Star break, he was still recognized as a great pitcher due to his 2.91 first-half ERA and was named an All-Star. He was traded to the Pirates after the season, returned to the bullpen and never started a game again.
Tags: 2019 TWJ, Chicago White Sox, fun cards, Goose Gossage, New York Yankees, Oakland A's, Rich Gossage, San Diego Padres, Texas Rangers
Thirty-seven Hidden Books of the Bible. Can you find them all? https://t.co/2jwKHvdELd 1 day ago


text:
Relationships & Dating
Michael Sam
So we've all heard by now that N.F.L prospect Michael Sam came out publicly that he's gay. If you haven't, here's the story:
Coaches at the University of Missouri divided players into small groups at a preseason football practice last year for a team-building exercise. One by one, players were asked to talk about themselves — where they grew up, why they chose Missouri and what others might not know about them.
As Michael Sam, a defensive lineman, began to speak, he balled up a piece of paper in his hands. "I'm gay," he said. With that, Mr. Sam set himself on a path to become the first publicly gay player in the National Football League.
"I looked in their eyes, and they just started shaking their heads — like, finally, he came out," Mr. Sam said Sunday in an interview with The New York Times, the first time he had spoken publicly about his sexual orientation.
Mr. Sam, a senior who was listed at 6 feet 2 inches and 260 pounds, had a stellar season as Missouri finished 12-2 and won the Cotton Bowl. He was a first-team all-American and was named the Associated Press defensive player of the year in the Southeastern Conference, widely considered the top league in college football. Teammates voted him Missouri's most valuable player.
– John Branch, NY Times. Read more
P.W. Opinion
1. I think NFL players have been bracing themselves for this moment. I commend him for being brave in the beginning of his journey. He is not the first gay player (just the first to openly say so) and he won't be the last!
2. If he does make it on a team. I hope that Sam does not take the "rookie hazing" personally or that veterans do not use the "rookie hazing" to bully him because he's gay.
3. With the mediocre performance of majority of most NFL players this past season. Who cares about a players sexuality? We need great players. We need strong players. We need Michael Sam.
Many players have thus far taken to Twitter to show support. Read here
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Cooking Bleary – S2:E6 BBQ Bacon Cheeseburger Meatloaf
A Trip to Brotherhood Winery
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"The most common reason for failure we've had is that we haven't been close enough to the customer to understand the need. That is the most common - in fact the only reason. When you do understand the need and you're able to provide the service, that's pretty much it."
Which is certainly good news for patients and a step in the right direction. But what about the needs of the caregiver? According to American charity, the National Alliance for Caregiving (www.caregiving.org), 29% of the US population have been identified as having a caregiving role. The caregiver, whether they be a spouse, parent, child or other person related to or friends with the patient, is often overlooked as a provider of frontline care. Unfortunately, their emotional, financial, practical needs and wellbeing can be insufficiently taken into account. Support can be limited and poorly formalised. Yet research shows they have a very important role in disease management and in determining the outcome and quality of life for the patient.
As well as understanding the needs of the patient, big pharma has an opportunity to increase their understanding of and identify ways of supporting or providing channels of support to the caregiver, as a deliverer of frontline care.
Recent research projects we've been involved with have certainly identified unmet needs amongst caregivers. According to a study carried out in multiple myeloma, the carer's journey during the patient's treatment is one of isolation and apprehension. They report feeling scared and confused at diagnosis, worried and alone with nobody to talk or confide in during initial treatment and unsupported during the treatment review stages. One patient stated "I am a bit overlooked in all of this. The doctor never asks how I am. I know she is busy and can't do everything, but it would be nice if she sometimes asked if I was OK".
Amongst other needs, carers' identified the need for more forums where they could exchange information and share concerns, and were also looking for more honesty from the HCP as to the extent of the disease, side effects and the likely outcomes from transplants. In other research where we looked at how caregivers access support, we found that associations and advocacy groups are often seen as being a great help, and perceived to offer much more information and support than HCPs. Family and friends are often quoted as the most important source of emotional support, but the internet can also be very helpful with many citing facebook pages and disease websites.
Bearing in mind that carers are often old and may be unwell themselves, or they may be a sibling who has a full-time job and maybe a family of their own to take care of, the burden on them, both emotional and physical, can be very significant. The caregiver often has to take on responsibility for the majority of household chores and managing household finances, as well as looking after the patient in terms of washing them and dressing them, helping them eat, providing their medication, taking them to appointments and providing emotional support.
The carer often has different priority needs at each stage of the patient journey. Our research revealed that the length of time to diagnosis for some diseases can mean a long period of uncertainty, fear and confusion, which some carers can find very difficult to cope with. At this stage, many carers, as well as patients, require emotional support and information to help them through this time. During the progression stage of the disease, caregivers need coping strategies, support groups and mechanisms of support. The carer can suffer intense pressure during time of relapses. If the patient is a child, then the caregiver needs to be able to help the child as they progress into adulthood. And if the patient does pass away, the caregiver will require support with grief, loss and being able to cope with living alone or without the patient.
Like patients, pharma needs to recognise that caregivers have different profile types, and in fact these profiles can often mirror that of the patient. So for example, the patient who is fighting the disease may also have a caregiver who mirrors this "fighting" behaviour and language. The depressed patient, who feels overwhelmed by their disease, may have a depressed caregiver. As they have begun to do with patients, so pharma needs to recognise the significant role of the caregiver in the patient journey and see how it can provide better support to the caregiver for improved outcomes.


text:
The Tensional Network of the Human Body : the Science and Clinical Applications in Manual and Movement Therapy
This book is the product of an important collaboration between clinicians of the manual therapies and scientists in several disciplines that grew out of the three recent International Fascia Research Congresses (Boston, Amsterdam, and Vancouver). The book editors, Thomas Findley MD PhD, Robert Schleip PhD, Peter Huijing PhD and Leon Chaitow DO, were major organizers of these congresses and used their extensive experience to select chapters and contributors for this book.
This volume therefore brings together contributors from diverse backgrounds who share the desire to bridge the gap between theory and practice in our current knowledge of the fascia and goes beyond the 2007, 2009 and 2012 congresses to define the state-of-the-art, from both the clinical and scientific perspective.
Prepared by over 100 specialists and researchers from throughout the world, Fascia: The Tensional Network of the Human Body will be ideal for all professionals who have an interest in fascia and human movement - physiotherapists, osteopathic physicians, osteopaths, chiropractors, structural integration practitioners, manual therapists, massage therapists, acupuncturists, yoga or Pilates instructors, exercise scientists and personal trainers - as well as physicians involved with musculoskeletal medicine, pain management and rehabilitation, and basic scientists working in the field.
Reflects the efforts of almost 100 scientists and clinicians from throughout the world Offers comprehensive coverage ranging from anatomy and physiology, clinical conditions and associated therapies, to recently developed research techniques Explores the role of fascia as a bodywide communication system Presents the latest information available on myofascial force transmission which helps establish a scientific basis for given clinical experiences Explores the importance of fascia as a sensory organ - for example, its important proprioceptive and nociceptive functions which have implications for the generation of low back pain Describes new imaging methods which confirm the connectivity of organs and tissues Designed to organize relevant information for professionals involved in the therapeutic manipulation of the body's connective tissue matrix (fascia) as well as for scientists involved in basic science research Reflects the increasing need for information about the properties of fascia, particularly for osteopaths, massage therapists, physiotherapists and other complementary health care professionals Offers new insights on the fascial related foundations of Traditional Chinese Medicine Meridians and the fascial effects of acupuncture
Publisher: Edinburgh, [Scotland] :, Elsevier Churchill Livingstone,, 2012
Characteristics: 1 online resource (566 pages) :,illustrations (some color)
Additional Contributors: Schleip, Robert
Alternative Title: Science and clinical applications in manual and movement therapy
Read more reviews of Fascia at iDreamBooks.com
Fasciae (Anatomy)


text:
Editorial Method
Bickett, Thomas Walter
Biographical Description
Thomas Walter Bickett was born on February 28, 1869, in Monroe, North Carolina. Bickett served as a state legislator (1907-1909), attorney general (1909-1916), and governor of the state of North Carolina (1917-1921). He died in Raleigh (Wake County) on December 28, 1921.
NC Encyclopedia:
Biography of Thomas Walter Bickett on NCPedia
Name Type:
As Sender
Excerpt of letter from Thomas W. Bickett to Loula Roberts Platt, 26 May 1916
Letter from Thomas W. Bickett to Charles N. Hunter, 15 November 1916
Inaugural Address of Governor Thomas W. Bickett to the General Assembly, 11 January 1917
Telegram from Thomas W. Bickett to the New York Times, 1 February 1917
Telegram from Thomas W. Bickett to the New York World, 3 February 1917
Message of Governor Thomas W. Bickett to the General Assembly, 1 March 1917
Letter from Thomas W. Bickett to the Directors of the State Prison, Undated
Letter from Thomas W. Bickett to All the Judges of the Superior Court, 9 March 1917
General Orders No. 10 by Governor Thomas W. Bickett, 21 March 1917
1 April 1917 - 30 April 1917
Telegram from Thomas W. Bickett to the New York American, April 1917
Telegram from Thomas W. Bickett to Pavel Milyukov, 3 April 1917
Letter from Thomas W. Bickett to Woodrow Wilson, 18 April 1917
As Recipient
Letter from Charles N. Hunter to Thomas W. Bickett, 11 November 1916
1 January 1917 - 31 December 1917
Letter from Winnin R. Dyson to Thomas W. Bickett, 1917
Resolution by two Conferences of the A.M.E. Zion Church, circa 1917
11 January 1917 - 12 January 1921
Letter from R. A. Smith and A. E. William to Thomas W. Bickett, Undated
Letter from Unknown Author to Thomas W. Bickett, Undated
Letter from an Unknown Author to Thomas W. Bickett, Undated
Telegram from the New York Times to Thomas W. Bickett, 31 January 1917
Letter from Mitchell L. Shipman to Thomas W. Bickett, 19 February 1917
Letter from Frank M. Register to Thomas W. Bickett, 20 March 1917
Resolution by the African American Citizens of Washington, N.C., April 1917
Resolutions of Staff and Students of the Negro Agricultural and Technical College of North Carolina, 3 April 1917
Resolution by the African American Citizens of Goldsboro, N. C., 9 April 1917
Named In
Letter from John Paul Lucas to the Mayors of Two Hundred North Carolina Towns, Undated
Letter from Thomas L. Craig to Thomas B. McCargo, Jr., Undated
Letter from John Paul Lucas to Commercial Organization Throughout North Carolina, April 1917
Letter from Santford Martin to John V. B. Metts, 30 April 1917
1 May 1917 - 11 May 1917
Request for Investigation and Report into Property Damages Sustained by Theodore Buerbaum, 1-11 May 1917
Letter from John Paul Lucas to the Farm Demonstration Agents of North Carolina, 9 May 1917
Letter from Santford Martin to Joseph and Mary Beasley, 7 June 1917
Letter from Sanford Martin to Cassius R. Hudson, 8 June 1917
Letter from Santford Martin to Dempsey Spruill, 28 July 1917
Letter from Edwin T. Cansler to Christopher C. Shaw, 3 September 1917
Letter from Edwin T. Cansler to Joseph J. Mackay, Jr., 17 September 1917
Report on False Exemptions by Pitt County Exemption Board, 1 October 1917
MOSAICNC
© 2023 DNCR Historical Research Office
4610 Mail Service Center.


text:
The Work of Worldbuilding: Part 2
December 16, 2018 December 16, 2018 ~ dhimrich
After I published the previous article, I realized I hadn't said everything I wanted to say about worldbuilding just yet. To be specific, I want to go into more detail about what I called "worldbuilding pieces" and what that term means. We learn best through example, so today, I'm going to show you guys various examples of worldbuilding in media and what constitutes a worldbuilding piece.
First, I want to note that my analysis here isn't meant as a judgment on a story's overall quality. Second, don't take my ideas as the final word on this subject. I'm just over here taking note of patterns I see in storytelling and phrasing them in my own words.
So, what is a worldbuilding piece and how can you identify one? My basic definition is that it's a book, movie or another piece of media created primarily to showcase its own setting. There's no solid set of criteria for what constitutes one, but the prominent examples tend to have a few elements in common:
1: The setting is an integral piece of the narrative. This is why examples of this type of story almost always fall into the category of fantasy or science fiction. Both genres rely on the unreal and the uniquely fantastic to make their stories possible. You can't have the Harry Potter books, for example, without the existence of magic. Or try to imagine Blade Runner outside of its grim, synthetic vision of the future. You can't, can you? A good worldbuilding piece is so intricately embedded in its own setting that you can't separate it from that setting. But while worldbuilding pieces tend to be fantasy or sci-fi, not all fantasy and sci-fi stories are worldbuilding pieces. Could you imagine Alien taking place somewhere in our world instead of a far-off derelict spaceship? Honestly, I can. There's very little about that movie's plot which distinctly bonds it to its outer space setting, and that's just fine. But we do get hints of a larger system and hierarchy operating somewhere in the background, which brings us to my next point…
2: The devil is in the details. When you experience the more extreme examples of a worldbuilding piece, you are basically being taken on a guided tour of the storyteller's fictional world. Not every stop on the tour is necessary to understand what's going on –in some cases, most of them aren't. But the point of such an exercise is not to tie all these things directly into the plot but to make the reader feel as immersed as possible. One of the more blatant modern examples of this is the novel that first got me thinking about the concept of the worldbuilding piece, Kim Newman's Anno Dracula. To give a brief explanation, it takes place in an alternate reality where Dracula has taken over England and vampires roam the streets alongside classic Victorian literary characters. The main plot, a high-stakes murder investigation, works to illuminate its own backdrop as the author takes us on a tour of the world he's created. We get a good feel for the ins and outs of how this new society works and the effect that vampires and humans have had on each other. Let's have another example, this time from sci-fi. In Robert Heinlein's Starship Troopers, an ultra-militaristic Earth fights for its life against a horde of alien bugs. Through the story of one man's journey from common foot soldier to a high-ranking officer, we learn what this culture values in its people and why, as well as how it tries to instill those values. There may be a lot happening in the foreground, but the real focus is on the background. That ties into my next point…
3: Plot and character are secondary concerns. It's not that you don't have plot and character in worldbuilding pieces. Every story needs those, after all. But in a narrative that's more about the setting, you're going to get plot and characters that are less elaborate than what you might find elsewhere. Plots tend to be pretty simple: you've got a clear goal in mind from the very beginning and a basic set of steps to get there. Characters are less nuanced and fit more neatly into standard archetypes. In Blade Runner, everyman Rick Deckard has the clearly stated task of hunting down and killing a group of replicants. That's his goal, and the stops he makes on his way to completing that goal serve to illuminate the kind of world he lives in. An even better example might be The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Dorothy's single goal throughout the book is to get home to Kansas, and her journey is an excuse to show off the various realms of Oz. She doesn't really change as a person during the story and is more of a surrogate for the reader in how she reacts to things and events. The kind of plot you see in a lot of worldbuilding pieces is one character or a group of characters undergoing something that's a routine experience in their world. In The Hunger Games, we explore Panem through the eyes of Katniss Everdeen as she experiences the ordeal of being a tribute. Let's also consider Koushun Takami's Battle Royale, often considered to be the Japanese equivalent of/partial inspiration for The Hunger Games. In my opinion, that story works even better as a worldbuilding piece because it's got an ensemble cast rather than a single lead character. We learn more about the setting and culture as we jump between characters, getting a variety of perspectives and reactions. Think of a story as being like a kind of three-way scale: on one section is plot, on another is character, and on the third is setting. A writer should try to balance these three elements as well as they can, but sometimes, following your instincts or goals requires you to place more weight on one of them and less weight on the other two. In a worldbuilding piece, the scale is tipped in favor of setting and the other two sections don't have as much weight to them.
4: The author's got something to say through their setting. When an author puts so much focus on the world they've created, it isn't just to show off. It's because they want to use this fictional world to make a point about our own world. For examples, see…well, pretty much every piece of dystopian media ever created. Worldbuilding pieces, especially science fiction, love to talk about social and philosophical issues: what it means to be free or not, what it means to be human or not, the various manifestations of authoritarianism. You could compare The Hunger Games to 1984 on a surface level since they are both dystopian, but as stories with a point to make, they have wildly different goals. George Orwell spends so much time in the Ministries of Truth and Love exploring how a government can control the hearts and minds of its people and break a human spirit through blunt force. Meanwhile, Suzanne Collins uses her eponymous Hunger Games and the glitz surrounding it as a means of criticizing celebrity/reality show culture and the use of manufactured spectacle to distract from atrocities. In Blade Runner, the plight of the replicants is used to show the dissolution of the barrier between human and machine thanks to technology. There's a similar situation going on with Masamune Shirow's Ghost in the Shell, set in a futuristic Japan where most of the population has cybernetically enhanced bodies and brains. When you're enough of a machine that you can actually be hacked and have your body controlled and your memories rewritten, how can you be certain that you are you? More importantly, what separates you from the real machines? These discussions are created and spurred on by the world itself and what the characters and audience get to see. The author starts with a question or a concept, and then they build a universe around it. But what happens when they try to answer the question they began with?
5: By the end, something about the world changes for good. You're more likely to find this point in sci-fi worldbuilding pieces than in examples from other genres. However, it happens often enough that it deserves to be included. With the world itself being so important in worldbuilding pieces, it's only natural that the world should develop and change along with the characters. In a lot of cases, this means upending a fundamental truth or belief about the world in question. Society at large doesn't have to notice its effects right away. Most of the characters don't even have to know. Only the audience needs to realize the full implications of the note you go out on. Let me give you some more examples. Ghost in the Shell ends with the cyborg protagonist Matoko Kusanagi merging her consciousness with a sentient AI to create a new being that is neither human nor machine, following a long discussion of how we know we are human and whether or not machines can have minds of their own. Depending on how you interpret it, Blade Runner 2049 ends with either the revelation that replicants are capable of reproducing on their own or that human/replicant hybrids are able to exist. Both have serious implications for the conflicts happening within the setting and the questions raised by the storyteller. Meanwhile, by the end of The Hunger Games, the districts have been shown that it's possible to defy the Capitol and escape with your life, a notion that's been beaten out of them for the previous seventy-three years. Endings like these are the storyteller asking "If we assume this to be true, what are we supposed to make of that?" In a lot of cases, this is to set up for a sequel where we see the consequences of such changes play out. But sometimes, it's only meant to leave the audience with something to think about it. A spark of hope for the future, or dread that things will get worse, or just plain old curiosity.
I think that the real key to worldbuilding is immersion, but immersion isn't just all about details. It's about getting readers invested in your world as a living, active entity and wanting to see how it changes and grows. It's not that your audience should know everything about the world, it's that they should want to learn. If you can create a world that fascinates them for better or for worse, something that makes them want to keep coming back to examine it and explore it, then you've done your job.
Thanks so much for reading! I've got plenty more writing articles in preparation, along with a new short story, and I also might have some more movie/book reviews in the near future. See you then!
— Dana
Posted in Writing Tips	analysisessayfantasyscience fictiontipsworldbuildingwriting
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text:
Don't Let Terror Cross our Borders - Philip Martin and Susan Martin
Baltimore Sun, November 21, 2001
WASHINGTON - Immigration policy cannot prevent terrorism, but it is a key
ingredient of the effort to combat terrorism.
In response to the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, the Immigration and
Naturalization Service received legislative authority to hold unauthorized
foreigners with links to terrorists for up to seven days. Congress is
considering more changes in immigration law and procedures to fight
terrorism.
The pressure to adopt restrictive measures on the admission of foreigners
will be strong, considering that the U.S. government gave most of the Sept.
11 hijackers permission to enter the country, although some of their visas
expired before that fateful date.
About 40 percent of the estimated 8 million unauthorized aliens in the
United States similarly entered with seemingly valid visas but did not abide
by their terms, either staying after expiration of their visas or working in
the country illegally. The remaining 60 percent entered the country
illegally.
Already, commuter lanes along the border with Canada and Mexico have closed.
Proposals have been made to require all foreigners to obtain visas, even
those from European and other countries with low rates of visa abuse and
reciprocal policies that waive visa requirements for Americans. Foreign
student programs are under attack, and proposals for amnesty for Mexicans
working illegally in the United States are on hold.
Immigration restrictions will not enhance security and may, in some cases,
undermine the ability to identify and deter the entry of terrorists. The
behavior of the Sept. 11 hijackers exposed four problems in U.S. immigration
policy and procedures:
First, it appears that many of the hijackers received visas to enter the
United States as tourists or students. The computerized "lookout" systems
used in visa processing and inspections at airports did not flag them as
Second, some of the hijackers violated the terms of their visas but were
able to remain with impunity in the United States.
Third, even if they had been denied visas, the hijackers could have entered
the United States with the hundreds of thousands of migrants who cross the
border illegally.
Fourth, there was little cooperation between countries that might have
pointed immigration authorities to the looming terrorism.
Many of these problems can be addressed with targeted policy changes:
*Add well-trained and experienced visa and inspections staff and give them
computerized systems that screen applicants for admission against
intelligence data on terrorists. The National Automated Immigration Lookout
System (NAILS) should be capable of matching not only names, which can be
easily changed, but also such biometrics as facial characteristics.
*Improve the sharing of information about suspected terrorists. NAILS would
be more effective if it contained information from the FBI's National Crime
Information Center, the major U.S. criminal database.
*Deploy more effective and efficient electronic entry-exit control systems
that would track people admitted under temporary visas. Commuter lanes,
which use sophisticated technology to detect fraud, allow pre-screening of
frequent border crossers and allow enforcement resources to focus on unknown
applicants for admission.
The United States and Canada should harmonize visa and inspection policies
to jointly fight the movements of terrorists.
*Enhance the security of passports, visas, drivers' licenses and other
identifying documents. Since Sept. 11, there have been calls for a national
identification card. Other democracies have such cards, ranging from a
voluntary system in France to a compulsory card that must be carried in
Belgium, Germany, Greece and Spain.
*Increase efforts to combat smuggling and trafficking operations that could
be used by terrorist organizations to move people secretly. If the United
States continues to tolerate large-scale unauthorized migration to supply
low-wage workers to American businesses, it will be hard to extirpate
Sept. 11 is likely to join Dec. 7 as a defining date in U.S. history. We
don't need to commit another one to memory.
Philip Martin, a professor of agricultural economics at the University of
California at Davis, was on the U.S. Commission on Agricultural Workers from
1989 to 1993. Susan Martin, director of the Institute for the Study of
International Migration at Georgetown University, was executive director of
the U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform from 1993 to 1998. They are not
Copyright (c) 2001, The Baltimore Sun


text:
COVID-19 Early Release Scheme - Issue 18 accessible version
This dashboard contains the latest data on the COVID-19 Superannuation Early Release Scheme, from inception of the Scheme to 23 August 2020:
Current status of payments:
$32.2bn payments made;
$7,683 average payment;
3.3 business days on average to pay an application*,
95% applications paid within five business days*.
*The payment processing period is measured from the date the super fund receives applications from the ATO.
Initial application:
3.1mil applications received#;
$7,402 average application amount.
Repeat application:
1.2mil applications received;
# The number of initial applications exceeds the number of individuals that have applied since some have applied from more than one account. Initial applications are first applications made since the inception of the Scheme and repeat applications are additional applications made for those same accounts.
Value of applications (cumulative): The week ending 23 August 2020 presented a cumulative of $33.2bn in applications received and a cumulative of $32.2bn of applications paid.
Payment status: 98% applications were paid and 0.9% applications are in process.
Processing times for payments: 95% of applications paid were paid within five business days.
Number of applications^:
0.66mil applications received during Week 1 of Period 1.
2.54mil applications received during Week 10 of Period 1
0.57mil initial applications and 1.20mil repeat applications received in Week 8 of Period 2.
^ This dashboard defines Period 1 as 20 April to 28 June 2020 and Period 2 as 29 June to 23 August 2020.
Distribution of processing times: 19% applications were processed in one business day, 12% in two, 14% in three, 46% in four, 4% in five, 1% in six, 1% in seven, 1% in eight, 0% in nine, 2% in ten or more.
Additional Commentary
APRA has received early release data submissions for the period ended 23 August 2020 from 175 funds. Funds have submitted on a best endeavours basis.
Over the period from the inception of the scheme on 20 April to 23 August, payments made to eligible members have taken an average of 3.3 business days after receipt by funds of the application from the Australian Tax Office (ATO) and 95 per cent have been made within five business days.
Over the week to 23 August, 59,000 applications were received by funds of which 35,000 were initial applications and 24,000 were repeat applications. This brought the total number of initial applications to 3.1 million and repeat applications to 1.2 million since the inception of the scheme.
Over the week to 23 August, superannuation funds made payments to 75,000 members, bringing the total number to 4.2 million since inception. The total value of payments during the week was $0.57 billion, with $32.2 billion paid since inception. The average payment made over the period since inception is $7,683 overall and $8,452 when considering repeat applications only.
As at 23 August 2020, 98 per cent of applications received since inception had been paid, a slight increase from the previous week.
Fund-level data
The fund-level data shows that 151 of the 175 funds that submitted data made early release payments in the period since inception to 23 August 2020 and 140 of these also reported repeat applications received. (Note that the fund-level data includes 40 funds for which the data has been published as a group in order to protect the privacy of information for individual members).
Among all funds that made payments, 103 (68 per cent) completed more than 90 per cent of payments within the five business days guideline indicated by APRA. With limited exceptions (1.8 per cent), payments to members have been completed within nine or fewer business days from receipt of applications by funds from the ATO.
The ten funds with the highest number of applications received from the ATO have made 2.8 million payments worth a total of $21.2 billion. The average payment from these funds was $7,617, with 96% per cent of payments made within five days.
Details of the industry-level data (entities with more than four members) is provided below:
This link provides details on payments and processing timeframes for funds that have made payments to members in the period ending 23 August 2020.
Early Release Scheme entity level reporting - 23 August 2020 period XLSX 131.5 KB
This link provides a summary of the data that has been reported to APRA by funds for that period.
Early Release Scheme entity level data - 23 August 2020 period XLSX 91.52 KB
The reporting week from 29 June 2020 to 5 July 2020 included the end of the period for which members could apply for up to $10,000 for the 2019/20 financial year and the start of the period for which members could apply for up to $10,000 for the 2020/21 financial year. It therefore included a mix of applications received that relate to each of the 2019/20 and 2020/21 financial years.
An 'initial application' is the first application made in respect of a member account whether this occurred in the 2019/20 financial year application period or the 2020/21 financial year application period. A 'repeat application' is an application for a member account that previously submitted an initial application. All repeat applications relate to the 2020/21 financial year application period.
The number of initial applications is measured by member accounts and exceeds the number of underlying individuals with approved applications since some individuals have applied across more than one superannuation account.
Do you have questions about your personal application?
APRA has set out a five day guidance period for payments after receipt of applications from the ATO by funds, but also acknowledges that these timeframes may extend slightly where a Registered Superannuation Entity (RSE) licensee experiences a high volume of applications at any particular time. Delays can also occur in exceptional circumstances – such as where the RSE licensee's automated checking has identified that additional fraud or other verification steps are required, or where the payment is being made from interests held in defined benefit funds.
If you do not believe you have received the funds you have applied for within a reasonable timeframe it is recommended that you contact your trustee directly to determine if there is a specific reason for the delay.


text:
Q: understanding c++, compilation etc Do you know a good, concise (not a book, possibly free documentation) reference that explains the basics of how a c++ compiler works? I think it'd be beneficial for better understanding some rules of c++ programming.

A: GCC Internals free ebook.

The purpose of this book is to address
  the demands of GCC hackers. We start
  with a description of GCC 3.4.1
  architecture focusing on the source
  code parser. We chose this version of
  GCC because we used this version
  mostly. Then we address the problem of
  extension development. We present the
  GCC Extensibility Modules (GEM)
  project in the next chapter. GEM
  provides a number of hooks throughout
  GCC source code. It is implemented as
  a patch to GCC. A GEM-based compiler
  extension is developed as a
  stand-alone program. When the
  extension is completed, only its
  source code is distributed compared
  with distributing the source code of
  the GCC if GEM is not used. We give
  examples that demonstrate GEM
  programming at the end of the book.

(EDIT: Sorry, I missed you don't want a book. But I still think this is great resource of information you are looking for. You certainly don't need to read it as a whole, you can go only through the sections you are interested in.)

A: I found this university site which explains the steps of the compilation process.  It covers how to compile your code into an executable, a shared library, or a dynamically linked library using GCC.  It also covers how the compiler knows where to look for header files and libraries, and other topics.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
WSJ Gets It Wrong
by Michael Sean Winters
The Wall Street Journal has an especially obnoxious column today that asks in its headline, ""In Hospital Deal, How Much Is a Catholic Identity Worth? Just 3 Percent." This is crazy.
The Caritas hospital system in Boston is in danger of going under. It found a buyer who was willing to pump the necessary revenue into the system. The buyer has said, on the record, that maintaining the Catholic identity of the hospitals is in everyone's interest. Yes, there is a provision that if that identity becomes untenable for financial reasons, the new owners can secularize the hospitals for a fee equal to 3 percent of the purchase price. Does this intend some nefarious secularist plot? Or is it a legal provision designed as a hedge against some future over-zealous efforts by some of Boston's many crazies to re-define Catholic identity in ways that make it impossible to keep the hospitals going?
It is telling that the article quotes C. J. Doyle of the Catholic Action League. Mr. Doyle is a Catholic who has made a name for himself by questioning the motives and character of his ecclesiastical superior. He denounces Cardinal Sean O'Malley for all manner of crimes from presiding at the funeral of Sen. Ted Kennedy to the now impending hospital sale. Doyle is quoted in the Journal as saying that the patrimony of the Catholic Church in Boston is being "systematically dismantled and improvidently discarded." He notes the closing of parishes and the consolidation of Catholic schools as further evidence. In fact, in the face of severe economic difficulties and demographic changes, the Archdiocese of Boston is doing its best to preserve what can be preserved of a Catholic subculture that was once the pride of Boston but which is now financially untenable.
We can all wish that the Church was rolling in money and could maintain all its schools and hospitals and parishes. We can all admire the ways our forebears constructed a network of Catholic institutions that served our people. But, it is time for new wine skins. We cannot allow our nostalgia to obscure the need to make hard, difficult decisions about what is best for the Church in Boston today.
For all the sense of loss that we naturally feel when a parish closes or a hospital system must be sold to a secular buyer, the doom and gloom from the Catholic Action League misses the signs of new life in the Spirit that one discovers in Boston. The faithful are giving again, with their time and their money. The seminary is filling up again. New ecclesial communities such as Focolare and Communion and Liberation are active in Boston and breathing new life into the Church, not through the traditional parish structures but through their own unique charisms. Mr. Doyle's efforts would be better used raising money for the Church instead of slamming his bishop.
In the event, one thing is certain about the Church of Boston, whether the Wall Street Journal chooses to acknowledge it or not. Cardinal O'Malley is not one to trade away Catholic identity but to find new, creative ways to express that identity. Time marches on. The Church of tomorrow, in Boston and elsewhere, will not look like the Church of yesterday, except in its essentials and there is not a bishop in America who is more committed to our identity as Catholics than O'Malley.
The Oscars 2010: Movies that Connect Us -- Part 3
The desert race contineus
Risk Management on Wall Street and in the Gulf


Most PCBs have a component legend to show which component goes where.
Today we use ink-jet printers to image the legends direct from the board digital data. Like a conventional paper printer the ink-jet printer sprays minute droplets of ink onto the panel to generate the image. If a legend is needed on the second side the ink is tack-dried on a conveyorised heater and the printing process is repeated. Ink-jet printing needs no set-up. Previously we lost time preparing and cleaning silk-screens for each legend printing. That is why the legend is often called the silk-screen.
Currently three methods are available for applying the "Ident" to the PCB.
Manual screen-printing can be utilized when line widths are greater than 7 mil (0.007") and the registration tolerance is 5 mil.
LPI (Liquid Photo Imaging) provides more accuracy and legibility than manual screening and is employed when line widths are greater than 4mil.
DLP (Direct Legend Printing) is the most accurate and legible of the 3 processes but also has the highest cost for consumables.
Now we finally cure both the epoxy ink soldermask and the legend. Once this took 90 minutes in a batch oven. Now it takes less than 10 minutes using a 5 stage conveyorised oven.