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Next Jackpot: $572.0 Million Drawings: Monday, Wednesday and Saturday
Odds & Payouts
9 Ways To Win
Drawings are held Monday, Wednesday and Saturday, at 10:59pm. Pools close at 10:00pm. Winning numbers are available here after the drawings, and the drawings can be viewed on the official Powerball website.
Grand Prize 1 in 292,201,338
$1,000,000 1 in 11,688,054
$50,000 1 in 913,129
$100 1 in 36,525
$7 1 in 580
$4 1 in 92
Each wager is comprised of two (2) sets of numbers.
Five (5) numbers selected from one (1) to sixty-nine (69) inclusive for the White Ball numbers – players select their own numbers or use the Quick Pick feature (partial Quick Pick is enabled).
One (1) number selected from one (1) to twenty-six (26) inclusive – for the red Powerball number - players select their own number or use the Quick Pick feature.
Multi-draw tickets are allowed.
Cancellations are not allowed.
Up to 10 plays allowed per ticket.
Each play will cost two dollars ($2)
Each ticket may also have a Power Play® option which allows the player to add a $1.00 option to multiply (two, three, four, five, or ten times). The 10X Power Play multiplier is available on all advertised jackpots of $150 million and below.
The Play It Again barcode located at the top of the ticket can be used to duplicate the wager without using a bet card. Just present the ticket to the retailer and ask for "Play It Again."
Powerball wagers are valid for the next scheduled drawing.
Players have the option to play the same numbers for up to 10 consecutive drawings.
Bets cards must be checked thoroughly prior to submission. Once a ticket is printed, it cannot be cancelled. All sales are final.
Drawings take place every Monday, Wednesday and Saturday at approximately 11:00 p.m. EST. On those days, sales for the draw will end at 10:00 PM.
Winning numbers information is available from retailers, the Ohio Lottery toll free winning numbers hotline at 1-800-589-6446, on this web site, or at www.powerball.com.
Power Play Odds & Payouts
With Power Play, all winning wagers with a Power Play purchase that match 5 numbers without the red Powerball receive $2 million.
A Power Play purchase increases all non-jackpot prizes by 2x, 3x, 4x, 5x or 10x. See the grid below for more information. The 10X Power Play multiplier is available on all advertised jackpots of $150 million and below.
White Balls
Power Ball
*$2 Million *$2 Million *$2 Million *$2 Million *$2 Million
$100,000 $150,000 $200,000 $250,000 $500,000
$14 $21 $28 $35 $70
$8 $12 $16 $20 $40
* Regardless of the Power Play number selected.
What does Powerball cost to play and how do you win?
It costs $2 per wager. You can add the Power Play feature for an additional $1 per wager to increase the winning prize amount.
Do I have to match the numbers in the exact order drawn?
No. The tickets print the white ball numbers (the first five numbers) in numerical order. You can match the first five white ball numbers drawn in any order. The red Powerball number on your ticket (the last number, often behind a "PB") must match the red Powerball number drawn.
What is the starting Jackpot?
The starting jackpot and minimum jackpot rolls will be determined based on sales. All jackpots will be announced prior to the drawings.
When are the drawings?
Drawings take place on Mondays, Wednesdays and Saturdays.
What time and where is the drawing?
The drawing is held at 10:59 p.m. Eastern Time in Orlando, Florida.
Where can I find the winning numbers?
Winning numbers information is available from retailers, the Ohio Lottery toll free winning numbers hotline at 1-800-589-6446, from the Powerball links on this site, or www.powerball.com.
Do Powerball tickets expire?
Yes. You must claim your prize within 180 days of the drawing date.
You need the original winning ticket to claim your prize.
Powerball tickets purchased in Ohio can only be cashed in Ohio.
When you win the jackpot, you will be able to select either 30 annual payments or the Cash Option.
Up to $599 – Present your ticket to any Ohio Lottery Retailer for validation and immediate prize payment.
$600 to $5,000 – Present your ticket to any Ohio Lottery Retailer for validation and receive a Pay-to-Bearer receipt and a Claim Form for check processing OR present the Pay-to-Bearer receipt and completed claim form to an authorized bank cashing location and receive payment the same day.
Over $5,000 – Present your ticket to an Ohio Lottery office for validation and check processing.
You must validate and cash your winning ticket within 180 days of the drawing date.
Where can I learn more about Powerball?
Visit www.powerball.com to get complete details about participating states, winner stories, winning numbers and more!
Powerball Rules & Regulations
Powerball shall be conducted in accordance with Ohio Lottery Commission game rule 3770:1-9-955 and the "Group Rules" last amended by MUSL on June 15, 2016.
3770:1-9-955 Game rule nine hundred fifty-five.
(A) Title and term. Game number nine hundred fifty-five is the Ohio-adopted modified version of the "Powerball" game for "Powerball" draws beginning October 7, 2015. Game number nine hundred nine hundred fifty-five shall be conducted at such times and for such periods as the director may determine. For the purpose of this rule, "sales cycle" shall mean any such period beginning on the date when ticket sales are commenced and continuing through the date established by the Ohio lottery commission executive director as the date on which sales agents are to make final settlement with respect to such period.
(B) General design.
(1) "Powerball" is a statewide joint lottery game that is based on an agreement for the sale of "Powerball" by participating party lotteries.
(2) As used in this rule, "Powerball" shall hereinafter be referred to as "game number nine hundred fifty-five" as it applies to statewide ticket sales in Ohio conducted by the Ohio lottery commission for draws beginning October 7, 2015.
(3) As used in this rule, "MUSL" shall mean the multi-state lottery association.
(4) Game number nine hundred fifty-five shall be conducted in accordance with this rule and the "Powerball" group rules approved by "MUSL" on May 7, 2015 and amended on June 25, 2015 (hereinafter "Group Rules"). The "Group Rules" are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein and shall be effective for draws beginning October 7, 2015. The "Group Rules" shall be posted on the Ohio lottery commission website. The "Group Rules" as amended June 25, 2015 may be accessed by going to the link https://www.ohiolottery.com/Claiming/RulesAndRegulations and clicking on the "Powerball" tab.
(5) As used in this rule, "panel or play area" shall mean the area of an official "Powerball" ticket which sets forth a player's selection and is identified by the following two fields of play: one field of five numbers consisting of one or two digits that were selected by the player or through the gaming system through the auto pick feature, and second field of one number consisting of one or two digits selected by the player or through the gaming system through the auto pick feature. Up to ten such panels or play areas may appear on any one ticket in game number nine hundred fifty-five. The director may change the number of panels or play areas appearing on any one ticket in game number nine hundred fifty-five. Each panel shall constitute a separate wager.
(6) As used in this rule, "party lottery" or "party lotteries" shall mean the lottery or lotteries established and operated pursuant to the laws of the jurisdictions participating in "Powerball" including but not limited to members and licensees of "MUSL" who are participating in "Powerball."
(7) As used in this rule, "Ohio lottery" shall mean the state lottery commission.
(8) As used in this rule, "directors" shall mean the chief officers of the party lotteries or any other persons to whom a chief officer's or a group of chief officers' authority is lawfully delegated.
(9) As used in this rule, "director" shall mean the executive director of the Ohio lottery commission.
(10) As used in this rule, "set prize" means all other prizes except the grand prize that are advertised to be paid by a single cash payment and, except as otherwise provided or authorized herein, will be equal to the prize amount established by applicable procedures.
(11) As used in this rule "grand prize" shall mean the top prize in game number nine hundred fifty-five.
(12) As used in this rule, "subscription play" is only valid when registered with a party lottery in accordance with the rules and procedures of a party lottery who has authorized sales through subscription and the person or, if permitted by the party lottery's rules, the persons registering the play shall be the owner of the subscription play. A receipt for a subscription play has no value and is not evidence of a play.
(13) As used in this rule, "applicable procedures" shall mean procedures, "Group Rules" and/or agreements relating to or associated with "Powerball," as designated or agreed to by the director for the operation of game number nine hundred fifty-five.
(14) Game number nine hundred fifty-five is not required to be amended when a party lottery is added or removed from participating, unless the addition or removal of a party lottery shall substantively change the game matrix, play style or the method of prize payments in game nine hundred fifty-five. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to be a prohibition against amendments to game number nine hundred fifty-five, as determined by the director to be appropriate or necessary.
(15) Each ticket in game number nine hundred fifty-five shall be imprinted with one set of five unique numbers from a set of numbers, one through sixty-nine inclusively ("field one"), and one unique number from a second set of numbers, one through twenty-six, inclusively ("field two"), as determined by choice of the ticket purchaser or the auto pick feature on the gaming system, and recorded on the ticket at the time of the purchase. Players may use a bet card to have the auto pick feature select their numbers in either field one, field two or both fields. Bet cards are available at no cost to the player and shall have no pecuniary or prize value, nor shall a bet card constitute evidence of purchase or number selection. When a player verbally places a "Powerball" wager, the player must either manually select the numbers from both fields or request usage of the auto pick feature to select numbers from both fields. A player may also place a wager through other means that are approved by the director. A ticket may contain one or more panels as described in paragraph (B)(5) of this rule.
(16) As used in this rule, game number nine hundred fifty-five winning numbers shall be randomly selected during each official "Powerball" drawing, and shall consist of five numbers selected from a field of numbers one through sixty-nine inclusively, and one number selected from a second field of numbers one through twenty-six inclusively. Holders of valid winning tickets for a given drawing bearing the numbers drawn in that drawing, in whole or in part, and excluding the "Power Play" option shall be entitled to the set prize award in accordance with the applicable section(s) of this rule. In addition, as set forth in this rule or as approved by the director, with each official "Powerball" drawing, a single "Power Play" number shall be randomly selected.
(C) Price of tickets. The price of a "Powerball" wager in game number nine hundred fifty-five shall be two dollars. The player may purchase up to the number of wagers per ticket, or multiples thereof, as designated by the director if a multi-draw wager is requested at the player's discretion in accordance with the number of panels and inclusive drawings. The cost of every two dollar wager will be increased by one dollar if a player purchases the "Power Play" option.
(D) Structure, nature and value of prize awards. Except as otherwise provided or authorized herein, all prize awards for prizes described in paragraphs (D)(1) to (D)(8) of this rule shall be set as set prizes. The grand prize described in paragraph (D)(9) of this rule shall be paid on a pari-mutuel basis. Except as otherwise determined in accordance with applicable procedures, no advertised grand prize is a guaranteed amount. In the event that an advertised grand prize is determined in accordance with applicable procedures to be a guaranteed amount, funding and payment of such guaranteed grand prize amounts shall be in accordance with applicable procedures. Except as otherwise provided or authorized herein, based upon the numbers drawn in each regular drawing for game nine hundred fifty-five, prizes shall be awarded to holders of valid winning tickets for that drawing as follows:
(1) For each ticket bearing a selection which matches none of the five numbers drawn for field one, and matching the one number for field two, the player shall be entitled to a set prize award of four dollars.
(2) For each ticket bearing a selection which matches one of the five numbers drawn for field one, and matching the one number for field two, the player shall be entitled to a set prize award of four dollars.
(3) For each ticket bearing a selection which matches two of the five numbers drawn for field one, and matching the one number for field two, the player shall be entitled to a set prize award of seven dollars.
(4) For each ticket bearing a selection which matches three of the five numbers drawn for field one, and no matching number for field two, the player shall be entitled to a set prize award of seven dollars.
(5) For each ticket bearing a selection which matches three of the five numbers drawn for field one, and matching the one number for field two, the player shall be entitled to a set prize award of one hundred dollars.
(6) For each ticket bearing a selection which matches four of the five numbers drawn for field one, and no matching number for field two, the player shall be entitled to a set prize award of one hundred dollars.
(7) For each ticket bearing a selection which matches four of the five numbers drawn for field one, and matching the one number for field two, the player shall be entitled to a set prize award of fifty thousand dollars.
(8) For each ticket bearing a selection which matches five of the five numbers drawn for field one, and no matching number for field two, the player shall be entitled to a set prize award of one million dollars.
(9) For each ticket bearing a selection which matches five of the five numbers drawn for field one, and matching the one number for field two, the player shall win the grand prize award which shall be divided equally among the winning selections if there is more than one winning selection. The grand prize shall be determined on a pari-mutuel basis and shall be equal to the amount designated in accordance with applicable procedures.
(10) In the event that there are no winning tickets for the grand prize described in paragraph (D)(9) of this rule for a drawing, except as otherwise approved in accordance with applicable procedures, the designated grand prize amount from that drawing shall be carried forward into the grand prize for the next consecutive drawing.
(11) If the total prize liability for the prize levels set forth in paragraphs (D)(1) to (D)(8) of this rule exceeds the liability cap designated in accordance with applicable procedures, then that liability cap may be enforced for the payment of the prize awards set forth in paragraphs (D)(1) to (D)(8) of this rule. In the event the prize liability is exceeded, then the prizes set forth in paragraphs (D)(1) to (D)(8) of this rule may be paid on a pari-mutuel basis, or in another manner as determined by the director, rather than a set prize basis, provided, however, that in no event shall the pari-mutuel prizes or other prizes awarded be greater than the applicable set prizes. In the event that the liability cap is exceeded and prizes are paid on a pari-mutuel basis, the amounts to be used for allocation of such pari-mutuel prizes, or other prizes awarded, for each prize level shall be determined in accordance with applicable procedures. If the liability cap is exceeded for a particular drawing, the director shall make the liability cap publicly available by means that the directors deems appropriate.
(12) In a single game number nine hundred fifty-five drawing, a claimant may win in only one prize category per wager as a result of processing winning numbers selected in either one or both of the fields of play, and shall be entitled to only the highest prize level won.
(13) Annuitized payments of the grand prize or a share of the grand prize may be rounded to facilitate the purchase of an appropriate funding mechanism. Breakage on an annuitized grand prize win shall be added to the first cash payment to the winner or winners. Prizes other than the grand prize which, in accordance with applicable procedures, become single-payment, pari-mutuel prizes, may be rounded down so that prizes can be paid in multiples of whole dollars. Breakage resulting from rounding these prizes shall be handled in accordance with applicable procedures.
(14) Subject to the laws and regulations governing each party lottery, the number of prize categories and the allocation of the prize fund among the prize categories may be changed at the discretion of the directors.
(E) "Power Play." Powerball "Power Play" is an addition to the "Powerball" game and, if approved by the director, shall be conducted in accordance with the "Powerball" game rules and other applicable procedures. Provided that the director approves "Power Play," as used in this rule, "Power Play" is an available feature of game rule number nine hundred fifty-five, and a ticket purchaser shall have the option to play the "Power Play" option as an addition to the "Powerball" ticket purchased, except that "Power Play" shall not apply to the "Powerball" grand prize. If the "Power Play" option is chosen by the purchaser, the cost for every two dollar wager will be increased by one dollar, and the words "Power Play YES" will be printed on the player's ticket. If the "Power Play" option is not chosen, the words "Power Play NO" will be printed on a player's ticket. The director may announce prior to a drawing that the "Power Play" number of ten will not be available for drawings in which the advertised grand prize amount is above a specified amount, but the "Power Play" number of ten shall at a minimum be available for all drawings in which the advertised annuitized grand prize amount is one hundred fifty million dollars or less. If the "Power Play" option is chosen by the purchaser and the "Power Play" number of ten is available, a single "Power Play" number shall be randomly selected from forty-three numbers. Those numbers shall consist of: twenty-four twos; thirteen threes; three fours; two fives; and one ten. If the "Power Play" option is chosen by the purchaser and the "Power Play" number of ten is not available, a single "Power Play" option shall be randomly selected from forty-two numbers. Those numbers shall consist of: twenty-four twos; thirteen threes; three fours; and two fives. The set prizes shall be multiplied by the "Power Play" number drawn for that respective drawing, except that the "Power Play" feature shall not apply to the "Powerball" grand prize. Except as otherwise provided or authorized herein, instead of prizes set forth under paragraphs (D)(1) to (D)(8) of this rule, prizes awarded to holders of valid winning tickets for a given drawing bearing the numbers drawn in that drawing, in whole or in part, and including the purchase of the "Power Play" option shall be as follows in paragraphs (E)(1) to (E)(8) of this rule and shall be paid as cash prizes. In the event that a higher promotional prize is designated by the director in accordance with applicable procedures, prizes awarded in connection with any such promotion shall be paid in accordance with applicable procedures for that promotion. In certain instances, the "Powerball" set prizes may be less than the amounts set forth in paragraphs (D)(1) to (D)(8) of this rule. In such an event, the "Power Play" prizes set forth in paragraphs (E)(1) to (E)(7) of this rule may be adjusted by the director in accordance with applicable procedures and the "Power Play" prize set forth in paragraph (E)(8) of this rule may be in an amount determined after the draw, rather than the prizes set forth in paragraphs (E)(1) to (E)(8) of this rule.
(1) For each ticket bearing a selection which matches none of the five numbers drawn for field one, and matching the one number for field two, and in the event that the player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is two, the set prize award of four dollars shall be multiplied by two and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of eight dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is three, the set prize award of four dollars shall be multiplied by three and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of twelve dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is four, the set prize award of four dollars shall be multiplied by four and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of sixteen dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is five, the set prize award of four dollars shall be multiplied by five and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of twenty dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option, the "Power Play" option of ten is available and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is ten, the set prize award of four dollars shall be multiplied by ten and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of forty dollars.
(2) For each ticket bearing a selection which matches one of the five numbers drawn for field one, and matching the one number for field two, and in the event that the player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respected drawing is two, the set prize award of four dollars shall be multiplied by two and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of eight dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is three, the set prize award of four dollars shall be multiplied by three and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of twelve dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is four, the set prize award of four dollars shall be multiplied by four and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of sixteen dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is five, the set prize award of four dollars shall be multiplied by five and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of twenty dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option, the "Power Play" option of ten is available and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is ten, the set prize award of four dollars shall be multiplied by ten and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of forty dollars.
(3) For each ticket bearing a selection which matches two of the five numbers drawn for field one, and matching the one number for field two, and in the event the player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respected drawing is two, the set prize award of seven dollars shall be multiplied by two and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of fourteen dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is three, the set prize award of seven dollars shall be multiplied by three and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of twenty-one dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is four, the set prize award of seven dollars shall be multiplied by four and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of twenty-eight dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is five, the set prize award of seven dollars shall be multiplied by five and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of thirty-five dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option, the "Power Play" option of ten is available and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is ten, the set prize award of seven dollars shall be multiplied by ten and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of seventy dollars.
(4) For each ticket bearing a selection which matches three of the five numbers drawn for field one, and no matching number for field two, and in the event the player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respected drawing is two, the set prize award of seven dollars shall be multiplied by two and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of fourteen dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is three, the set prize award of seven dollars shall be multiplied by three and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of twenty-one dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is four, the set prize award of seven dollars shall be multiplied by four and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of twenty-eight dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is five, the set prize award of seven dollars shall be multiplied by five and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of thirty-five dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option, the "Power Play" option of ten is available and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is ten, the set prize award of seven dollars shall be multiplied by ten and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of seventy dollars.
(5) For each ticket bearing a selection which matches three of the five numbers drawn for field one, and matching the one number for field two, and in the event the player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respected drawing is two, the set prize award of one hundred dollars shall be multiplied by two and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of two hundred dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is three, the set prize award of one hundred dollars shall be multiplied by three and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of three hundred dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is four, the set prize award of one hundred dollars shall be multiplied by four and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of four hundred dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is five, the set prize award of one hundred dollars shall be multiplied by five and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of five hundred dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option, the "Power Play" option of ten is available and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is ten, the set prize award of one hundred dollars shall be multiplied by ten and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of one thousand dollars.
(6) For each ticket bearing a selection which matches four of the five numbers drawn for field one, and no matching number for field two, and in the event the player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respected drawing is two, the set prize award of one hundred dollars shall be multiplied by two and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of two hundred dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is three, the set prize award of one hundred dollars shall be multiplied by three and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of three hundred dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is four, the set prize award of one hundred dollars shall be multiplied by four and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of four hundred dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is five, the set prize award of one hundred dollars shall be multiplied by five and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of five hundred dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option, the "Power Play" option of ten is available and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is ten, the set prize award of one hundred dollars shall be multiplied by ten and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of one thousand dollars.
(7) For each ticket bearing a selection which matches four of the five numbers drawn for field one, and matching the one number for field two, and in the event the player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respected drawing is two, the set prize award of fifty thousand dollars shall be multiplied by two and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of one hundred thousand dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is three, the set prize award of fifty thousand dollars shall be multiplied by three and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of one hundred fifty thousand dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is four, the set prize award of fifty thousand dollars shall be multiplied by four and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of two hundred thousand dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is five, the set prize award of fifty thousand dollars shall be multiplied by five and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of two hundred fifty thousand dollars. In the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option, the "Power Play" option of ten is available and the "Power Play" number selected for that respective drawing is ten, the set prize award of fifty thousand dollars shall be multiplied by ten and the player shall be entitled to a total prize award of five hundred thousand dollars.
(8) For each ticket bearing a selection which matches five of the five numbers drawn for field one, and no matching number for field two, and in the event that a player has purchased the "Power Play" option, regardless of the "Power Play" number selected, the player shall be entitled to a prize award of two million dollars.
(9) If the total prize liability for the prize levels set forth in paragraphs (E)(1) to (E)(8) of this rule exceeds a liability cap designated in accordance with applicable procedures, then that liability cap may be enforced for the payment of the prize awards set forth in paragraphs (E)(1) to (E)(8) of this rule. In the event the prize liability is exceeded, then the prizes set forth in paragraphs (E)(1) to (E)(8) of this rule may be paid on a pari-mutuel basis, or in another manner as determined by the director, rather than a set prize basis, provided, however, that in no event shall the pari-mutuel prizes or other prizes awarded be greater than the applicable set prizes. In the event that the liability cap is exceeded and prizes are paid on a pari-mutuel basis, the amounts to be used for allocation of such pari-mutuel prizes, or other prizes awarded, for each prize level shall be determined in accordance with applicable procedures. If the liability cap is exceeded for a particular drawing, the director shall make the liability cap publicly available by means that the directors deems appropriate.
(11) Prizes other than the grand prize, which, in accordance with applicable procedures, become single-payment, pari-mutuel prizes, may be rounded down so that prizes can be paid in multiples of whole dollars. Breakage resulting from rounding these prizes shall be handled in accordance with applicable procedures.
(F) Frequency and location of prize drawings. Drawings shall be held at such times and places determined by the directors.
(G) Manner of prize drawings.
(1) Prize drawings shall be open to the public and may be held at such places and times in any party lottery jurisdiction that the directors determine. The public shall be informed as to the time and place of each prize drawing.
(2) Holders of valid tickets for a given drawing are eligible to win in that drawing.
(3) All drawings conducted in association with "Powerball" will be conducted randomly in accordance with applicable procedures and with drawing devices for the selection of winning numbers approved in accordance with applicable procedures.
(H) Validity of tickets.
(1) It shall be the sole responsibility of each purchaser of a ticket in game number nine hundred fifty-five to verify the accuracy of the game play or plays and other data printed on the ticket. The Ohio lottery commission shall be free from any liability in connection with this paragraph.
(2) Each ticket issued in game number nine hundred fifty-five shall have imprinted thereon at the time of purchase a control number, bar code data, or both, supplied by the Ohio lottery commission. No prize shall be paid by the Ohio lottery commission for any tickets without such control number or bar code data. A valid winning ticket bearing matching player number selections or gaming system generated number selections and also containing a control number, bar code data, or both, supplied by the Ohio lottery commission, shall serve as the only valid proof of the wager placed and the only valid receipt for claiming or redeeming any prize in game number nine hundred fifty-five.
(3) As applicable to this rule, any and all game tickets may not be canceled. This shall not prohibit the director, at the director's discretion, from compensating a retailer for a returned ticket, which is not eligible to win a prize at the time it is returned to the Ohio lottery commission, except that tickets stolen by a retailer's employee or agent cannot be accepted as a returned ticket. Any ticket that is accepted by the director as a returned ticket is for Ohio lottery commission auditing purposes only and shall have no effect on the outcome of the drawing for which they were issued or reduce the Ohio lottery commission's required contribution to the grand prize pool.
(4) In addition to all other validation conditions contained in this rule, valid winning game number nine hundred fifty-five tickets must meet the following conditions:
(a) Validation data must be present in its entirety and must correspond, using the computer validation file, to the number selections printed on the ticket for the drawing date(s) printed on the ticket;
(b) The ticket must be intact;
(c) The ticket must not be mutilated, altered, reconstituted, or tampered with in any manner;
(d) The ticket must not be counterfeit or an exact duplicate of another winning ticket;
(e) The ticket must have been issued by an authorized Ohio lottery commission sales location authorized to sell tickets for game number nine hundred fifty-five on official paper stock of the Ohio lottery commission;
(f) The ticket must be submitted for payment in accordance with the Ohio lottery commission's validation and claiming procedures;
(g) The ticket data must have been recorded on the gaming system prior to the drawing and the ticket data must match this computer record in every respect (in the event of contradiction between the information as printed on the ticket and as accepted by the gaming system, the wager accepted by the gaming system shall be the valid wager);
(h) The player selected or gaming system selected number selections, validation data and the drawing date(s) of an apparent winning ticket must appear on the official file of winning tickets, and a ticket with the exact data must not have been previously paid;
(i) The ticket must not be misregistered, defectively printed or printed or produced in error to an extent that it cannot be processed by the Ohio lottery commission;
(j) The ticket must pass all other confidential security checks of the Ohio lottery commission;
(k) In submitting an official game number nine hundred fifty-five ticket for validation, the claimant agrees to abide by all applicable laws, all rules and regulations of the Ohio lottery commission, all applicable procedures and any instructions, conditions and final decisions of the Ohio director;
(l) There must not be any breach of the rules or applicable procedures established for "Powerball" which, in the opinion of the Ohio director, justifies disqualification;
(m) To be eligible for payment for a winning ticket sold in Ohio, all winning tickets must be presented for payment to the Ohio lottery within the claiming period established by the Ohio lottery. To be eligible for payment of a winning ticket sold in a party lottery other than the Ohio lottery, all winning tickets must be presented for payment to the party lottery which issued it within the claiming period as established by that party lottery. If no such claim period has been established, all grand prize claims shall be made within one hundred eighty days after the drawing date; and
(n) All winning tickets in game number nine hundred fifty-five are subject to validation by the gaming system under applicable procedures and are subject to all other required validation processes and requirements before the payment of any prize.
(5) An official game number nine hundred fifty-five ticket submitted for validation which fails any of the validation conditions established in this rule shall be considered void subject to the following determination:
(a) In all cases of doubt, the determination of the director shall be final and binding. However, the director, at the director's option, may replace an invalid ticket with an official game number nine hundred fifty-five ticket of equivalent sales price or a refund of the purchase price;
(b) In the event a defective ticket is purchased or in the event that the director determines to adjust an error, the sole and exclusive remedy shall be the replacement of such defective or erroneous ticket(s) with an official game number nine hundred fifty-five ticket of equivalent sales price or a refund of the purchase price; and
(c) In the event an official game number nine hundred fifty-five ticket is not paid by the Ohio lottery commission, and a dispute occurs as to whether the ticket is a valid winning ticket, the Ohio lottery commission may, at its option, replace the ticket or provide a refund of the purchase price.
(6) The Ohio lottery commission shall not be responsible for lost or stolen game number nine hundred fifty-five tickets.
(7) The Ohio lottery commission shall not be responsible to any claimant and sales agent for game number nine hundred fifty-five tickets redeemed in error by an Ohio lottery commission sales agent.
(8) Valid prize winners are determined by the numbers drawn and not the numbers reported. The Ohio lottery commission shall not be responsible for game number nine hundred fifty-five winning numbers reported in error.
(9) In purchasing a ticket in game number nine hundred fifty-five, the player agrees to comply with and be bound by all applicable statutes, administrative rules, and procedures of the Ohio lottery commission, and understands that unless designated or agreed to by the director, directives and determinations of the other party lotteries do not apply to game number nine hundred fifty-five purchases in Ohio. The player agrees, as its sole and exclusive remedy, that claims arising out of any "Powerball" ticket purchase can only be pursued against the state or jurisdiction of ticket purchase. Therefore, litigation, if any, may only be maintained against the Ohio lottery commission in the appropriate forum for game number nine hundred fifty-five tickets purchased at an authorized Ohio lottery commission sales location.
(10) For purposes of determining the number of winning wagers, division of the grand prize jackpot is contingent on the gaming system's determination of winning wagers sold, and not by the number of winning wagers presented for payment.
(I) Procedures for claiming and payment of prize awards.
(1) Effective upon a determination of prize payouts, prizes shall be redeemed or claimed only in the jurisdiction where the official winning "Powerball" ticket was purchased. Claimants of prizes in "Powerball" must comply with the claiming periods of deadlines of the jurisdiction where the winning "Powerball" ticket was purchased. Claimants of game number nine hundred fifty-five prizes for winning tickets purchased in Ohio must comply with the following terms and conditions:
(a) Prizes for game number nine hundred fifty-five purchased in Ohio may be redeemed or claimed only through Ohio lottery sales agents authorized to sell game number nine hundred fifty-five, or other authorized claim centers or locations designated by the Ohio lottery commission;
(b) Claimants of winning game number nine hundred fifty-five prizes for tickets purchased in Ohio must comply with the prize claim requirements of the Ohio lottery commission and the applicable claiming period of one hundred eighty days as set forth in division (A)(1) of section 3770.07 of the Revised Code;
(c) In the event a single game number nine hundred fifty-five ticket purchased in Ohio contains two or more winning wagers, the cumulative prize amount shall be claimed or redeemed in accordance with the specified prize payment limits of the Ohio lottery commission;
(d) State and federal withholding taxes for winning tickets purchased in Ohio shall be withheld from game number nine hundred fifty-five prizes awarded by the Ohio lottery commission in such amounts as may be required by law, along with any other deductions required by law;
(e) A "Powerball" prize, including but not limited to any promotional prizes associated with "Powerball," awarded by any party lottery shall not be paid to any persons prohibited from playing or claiming an Ohio lottery prize by the governing law or rules of the Ohio lottery commission. In addition, those persons designated by a party lottery's law as being ineligible to play its games shall also be ineligible to play "Powerball," and any promotions associated therewith, in that party lottery's jurisdiction;
(f) A "Powerball" ticket or a share of "Powerball" ticket, or any promotional tickets associated with "Powerball," issued by any party lottery shall not be purchased by, and a prize won by any such ticket or share shall not be paid to:
(i) A "MUSL" employee, officer, or director;
(ii) A contractor or consultant under agreement with "MUSL" to review the "MUSL" audit and security procedures;
(iii) An employee of an independent accounting firm under contract with "MUSL" to observe drawings or site operations and actually assigned to the "MUSL" account and all partners, shareholders, or owners in the local office of the firm; or
(iv) An immediate family member (parent, stepparent, child, stepchild, spouse or sibling) of an individual described in paragraphs (I)(1)(f)(i) to (I)(1)(f)(iii) of this rule and residing in the same household.
(g) For winning official game number nine hundred fifty-five tickets purchased in Ohio for which no claim or redemption is made within one hundred eighty days after the date of the drawing as required by the procedures set forth in Ohio lottery commission rules, following any required reconciliation of prize liability as may be agreed to from time to time by the directors of the party lotteries, such unclaimed prize(s) shall be paid into the state lottery fund and distributed in accordance with section 3770.06 of the Revised Code.
(J) Payment of grand prize jackpot award.
(1) Payment of a grand prize, if due, shall be paid in thirty annual payments ("annuity option"). Within sixty days after a holder of a valid winning ticket presents for payment his or her valid claim for a grand prize, he or she may elect to receive payment of a grand prize as a lump sum cash payment ("lump sum cash option"). Calculation of the amount of "lump sum cash option" or the amount of the "annuity option" shall be in accordance with applicable procedures. Grand prizes shall be paid, at the election of the player made not later than sixty days after the player becomes entitled to the prize, with either an annuity or cash payment. If the payment election is not made by the player within sixty days after the player becomes entitled to the prize, then the prize shall be paid as an annuity prize. The election to take the cash payment may be made at the time of the prize claim or within sixty days after the player becomes entitled to the prize. An election made after the winner becomes entitled to the prize is final and cannot be revoked, withdrawn or otherwise changed.
(2) Share of the grand prize shall be determined by dividing the cash available in the grand prize pool equally among all winning grand prize wagers from all participating party lotteries. Winner(s) who elect a cash payment shall be paid their share(s) in a single cash payment. The annuitized option prize shall be determined by multiplying a winner's share of the grand prize by the annuity factor. If individual shares of the cash held to fund an annuity is less than two hundred fifty thousand dollars, the Ohio lottery may elect, in its sole discretion, to pay the winners their share of the cash held in the grand prize pool. In the event that a claim is submitted jointly by one or more persons, all persons submitting that claim must elect to receive his or her share either through a cash payment or annuity payment (different options may not be chosen).
(3) The "MUSL" annuity factor is determined through a process as approved by the "MUSL" finance and audit committee.
(4) Except in those instances where the grand prize has been designated as a guaranteed amount in accordance with applicable procedures, neither "MUSL" nor the party lotteries shall be responsible or liable for changes in the advertised or estimated annuity prize amount and the actual amount purchased after the prize payment method is actually known to "MUSL."
(5) Except as otherwise provided by law, all annuitized prizes shall be paid annually in thirty payments with the initial payment being made in cash, to be followed by twenty-nine payments funded by the annuity, and all annuitized payments shall be paid in thirty graduated payments (increasing each year) by a rate as determined in accordance with applicable procedures. Prize payments may be rounded down to the nearest one thousand dollars. After the first initial payment, annual payments shall coincide with the anniversary month of the grand prize.
(6) Payment of prize payments upon the death of a prize winner. In the event of the death of a prize winner, payments will be made in accordance with rule 3770:1-8-01 of the Administrative Code and applicable procedures, relating to payment and calculation of the cash value of prize payments in a statewide joint lottery game upon the death of a prize winner.
(K) Payment of prizes other than grand prize. All prizes, other than the grand prize, shall be paid in cash through the party lottery that sold the winning ticket(s). Payment of all prizes, other than the grand prize, may be made after a party lottery receives authorization to pay from "MUSL". In accordance with applicable procedures, in the event that the total amount of any prizes exceeds the percentage of the prize pool allocated to those prizes, then in such an event, the prizes may be paid on a pari-mutuel basis in accordance with applicable procedures.
(L) Net proceeds to lottery profits education fund. The entire net proceeds from the sale of game number nine hundred fifty-five in Ohio that remain after associated operating expenses, prize disbursements, lottery sales agent bonuses, commissions, and reimbursements, and any other expenses necessary to comply with the agreements or the rules are deducted from the gross proceeds of game number nine hundred fifty-five, shall be transferred to the lottery profits education fund as required under division (B) of section 3770.06 of the Revised Code.
(M) Conduct by director(s) in game number nine hundred fifty-five.
(1) The director shall conduct game number nine hundred fifty-five and any promotions conducted in association with game number nine hundred fifty-five in a manner consistent with the Ohio Lottery Act and the rules of the Ohio lottery commission, including this rule.
(2) Names and definitions of elements of game number nine hundred fifty-five used in this rule are considered generic terms used solely for the purpose of this rule.
(3) The director may discontinue drawings conducted pursuant to game number nine hundred fifty-five. In the event that Ohio discontinues drawings conducted pursuant to game number nine hundred fifty-five, the director shall designate the applicable procedures to be followed in discontinuing drawings conducted pursuant to game number nine hundred fifty-five. Should the directors determine that "Powerball" shall be discontinued and replaced by a modified version of "Powerball" or another statewide joint lottery game with a grand prize agreed to by the party lotteries, then the directors shall have the discretion to transfer any existing funds from the "Powerball" grand prize that was not won before such drawings were discontinued, to such new statewide joint lottery game.
(4) The directors shall have discretion to authorize any funding mechanism deemed necessary to accomplish payment of any prize pool or any prizes. The directors may collectively authorize sale of "Powerball" tickets at a discount for promotional purposes. In addition, the director may authorize sale of game number nine hundred fifty-five tickets at a discount for promotional purposes within the state of Ohio, provided that such discounted sales are reported to the other party lotteries at full gross sales value.
(5) Nothing contained in this rule shall prohibit a party lottery from offering Powerball tickets as prizes in any other non-"MUSL" game or promotion operated by the party lottery after advising the party lotteries and "MUSL" of the terms and dates of the offering.
(6) In the event that a party lottery offers "Powerball" tickets as a prize or as part of an authorized discount, promotion or rebate, the party lottery shall contribute that party lottery's share of the prizes based on the full value of a ticket sold at a uniform price.
(7) In the event of any conflict between paragraphs (A) to (M) of this rule and the "Group Rules," the "Group Rules" shall control.
(8) All decisions made by the director with respect to the play of game number nine hundred fifty-five in Ohio, including but not limited to the declaration of prizes and the payment thereof and the interpretation of Ohio lottery commission rules, shall be final and binding on all purchasers and on every person making a claim in respect thereof.


text:
Магнитуда потреса је експериментално одређена мера јачине земљотреса. Скалу магнитуде развио је сеизмолог Чарлс Рихтер. Он је, 1935. године покушао да скалира јачине локалних земљотреса у јужној Калифорнији, и то према амплитудама вибрација земље, које су земљотреси изазивали на одређеном, познатом, растојању од њихових епицентара. Вибрације су бележене на сеизмографима, који су били стандардизовани, тако да су имали исти одговор на одређену јачину вибрација. Оригинална Рихтерова дефиниција магнитуде била је базирана на амплитудама површинских таласа (), које су бележене на сеизмографима, на растојању од 100 -{km}- од епицентра земљотреса. Сигнали који су регистровани на овим сеизмограмима били су релативно различити, због тога што су сеизмографи били распоређени на различитим растојањима у односу на епицентар. Због тога је било потребно сеизмограме анализирати са великом пажњом, да би резултати били прецизни.

Сада постоје инструменти, који су толико осетљиви да могу веома прецизно регистровати и сигнале са растојања од 20°, који се називају телесеизмички сигнали. Оригинално, магнитуда је одређена на основу хоризонталних покрета земље, због тога што су сеизмолошке станице поседовале сеизмометре који мере само хоризонталне помераје. Међутим, површински таласи који су регистровани овим инструментима, састојали су се од Лавових и Рејлијевих таласа, што компликује теоретску интерпретацију записа сеизмографа. Сеизмометри, који служе за регистрацију вертикалних помераја, региструју само Рејлијеве таласе, па је тако, дефиниција магнитуде површинских таласа, постала базирана на вертикалној компонентни помераја. Највећи број магнитуда површинских таласа одговара земљотресима који се догађају широм света, и сада је заснована на записима вертикалних помераја.

Рихтеров рад

Рихтер је, обављајући обраду података о серији земљотреса у Калифорнији, на хоризонталном торзионом сеизмометру, уочио међусобну корелабилност облика функционалне зависности максималних амплитуда трансверзалних сеизмичких таласа, регистрованих код различитих земљотреса. Он је дао дефиницију локалне магнитуде земљотреса  (за локалне и блиске земљотресе). Изразио је преко максималне регистроване амплитуде сеизмичког таласа (), на сеизмографу који је користио, нормиране еквивалентном (калибрационом) амплитудом (), коју би произвео земљотрес нулте магнитуде () на истом растојању од епицентра:

.

Амлитуда  је генерализована функционална зависност амплитуде од епицентралног растојања, која је изведена тако да за епицентрално растојање од 100 -{km}-, земљотрес нулте магнитуде резултује еквивалентном максималном амплитудом од 1 -{μm}- на стандардном сеизмографу, који је користио Рихтер.

Данас се користи велики број сеизмографа, чије се карактеристике битно разликују од стандардног типа (хоризонталног торзионог сеизмометра, који је користио Рихтер). За изражавање Рихтерове локалне магнитуде често користи поступак свођења карактеристика сеизмограма таквих сеизмографа на стандардни тип, односно, врши се трансформација максималне регистроване амплитуде на еквивалентну амплитуду, коју би, у истим условима, регистровао стандардни сеизмограф.

Поступци за одређивање магнитуде

До сада је развијено пет различитих емпиријских метода за утврђивање величине магнитуде земљотреса, на основу:
 величине максималне амплитуде сеизмичког сигнала, његове периоде и растојања од епицентра;
 дужине трајања сеизмичког сигнала изнад одређеног амплитудног нивоа;
 карактеристика енвелопе сеизмичког сигнала на сеизмограму;
 интегрисања целокупног сеизмичког сигнала, односно на основу срачунатог механичког рада сеизмичких таласа у тачки осматрања;
 спектралних карактеристика сеизмограма.

Локална (Рихтерова) магнитуда

Магнитуду  могуће је дефинисати и у другачијем емпиријском облику. Дефиниција се заснива на корелационој анализи максималних амплитуда сеизмичких сигнала, регистрованих код већег броја земљотреса, као и одговарајућих података о магнитуди срачунатој за исте земљотресе, на основу регистрација на стандардним сеизмографима. Општи израз такве емпиријске формуле је:

где су:  - максимална амплитуда трансверзалних сеизмичких таласа;  - периода тог таласа;  - калибрациона функција која зависи од растојања од епицентра, , сеизмолошке станице, а утврђује се емпиријски, по формули: .

Магнитуда површинских таласа

Интернационална асоцијација за сеизмологију и физику Земљине унутрашњости усвојила је следећу математичку дефиницију магнитуде површинских таласа () земљотреса:

,

где је:  - вертикална компонента помераја, у микорметрима, добијена на основу максималне амплитуде Рејлијевих таласа;  - периода таласа;  - лучно растојање од епицентра земљотреса, у степенима. Формула важи када је хипоцентар земљотреса на дубини мањој од 50 -{km}-. Дубина извора (хипоцентра) утиче на природу сеизмичког таласа, чак и када се део енергије изгуби. Земљотреси, чији је хипоцентар на великој дубини, могу узроковати само мале и слабе површинске таласе, док плићи земљотреси узрокују веома јаке површинске таласе. Претходна једначина за магнитуду површинских таласа је изведена из проучавања плитких земљотреса, која су вршена на растојањима већим од 20°. Да би се избегле грешке услед ефеката, као што су удаљности веће од 20° и дубине хипоцентра веће од 50 km, потребно је увести поправке за прерачунату вредност магнитуде .

Магнитуда запреминских таласа

Амплитуда запреминских таласа није тако осетљива на дубину хипоцентра. Као резултат тога, скале магнитуде земљотреса су развијене и за запреминске таласе. Једначина, коју је извео Б. Гутенберг 1945. године, може се искористити за прорачун магнитуде запреминских таласа (), на основу максималне амплитуде () помераја земље, са периодом мањим од 3 секунде:

,

где је:  - емпиријска поправка за смањење сигнала, услед растојања од епицентра () и дубине хипоцентра (), која се очитава директно са графикона или из табела података.

За неке земљотресе могуће је срачунати обе магнитуде, и  и . Међутим, различите процене магнитуде се не слажу добро, осим за мале земљотресе. То се дешава због тога што земља има различит одговор на сеизмички догађај, али и због различите природе запреминских таласа и површинских таласа. Запремински таласи имају различиту зависност од амплитуде и фреквенце, него површински таласи. Магнитуда  је процењена из високе фреквентне фазе (1 Hz), док је  изведено на основу нискофреквентних вибрација (0.05 Hz). Изнад одређене размере, свака метода постаје неосетљива и наступа сатурација магнитуде. Ово се, за запреминске таласе, догађа на вредности магнитуде  сви јачи земљотреси дају исту магнитуду запреминских таласа. Слично, сатурација магнитуде површинских таласа је на вредности . Дакле, за веће земљотресе, ова два параметра не показују праву величину енергије која је ослобођена у жаришту потреса. Дефиниција магнитуде, која се користи приликом великих земљотреса, заснована је на дугопериодичном спектру сеизмичког таласа. Она много боље описује физичку димензију хипоцентра земљотреса.

Литература
 Бањац Н. 1994. Сеизмологија. Петничке свеске 34. Ваљево: Истраживачка станица Петница
 -{Gates A., Ritchie D. 2007. Encyclopedia of Earthquakes and Volcanoes. New York: Facts on File, Inc.}-
 Главатовић Б. 2002. Сеизмологија. Београд: Рударско-геолошки факултет
 -{Lowrie W. 2007. Fundamentals of Geophysics. New York: Cambridge University Press}-
 -{Sheriff R. 2002. Encyclopedic dictionary of Applied Geophysics. Tulsa: Society of Exploration Geophysicists}-
 -{Stein S., Wysession M. 2003. An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes and Earth Structure. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing}-

Сеизмологија

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Johnson will never be able to overcome his Marie Antoinette problem
14th Feb 2022 14th Feb 2022 / John Hulsman Enterprises
It is one of the most famous historical anecdotes in history and the prime example of a self-centered ruling elite narcissistically out of touch with its suffering people. When told of the fact that the hard-pressed peasants could no longer afford to buy their staple of bread, Marie Antoinette, the bubble-headed queen of pre-revolutionary France, supposedly said, "Let them eat cake." The only problem with this telling, damning story is that there is absolutely no evidence that she ever said anything of the sort, with the whole fabricated incident most likely conjured up fully 50 years after the French Revolution.
But what makes the story memorable, and why it has lasted, is that she could well have said something exactly along those lines. The French aristocracy, mired in crippling debt and addicted to a lifestyle the country simply could no longer afford, quickly collapsed under its own weight in the late 1780s-early 1790s precisely because the famous quote does sum up its oblivious attitude. The story has stuck because, while technically not factual, it exposes a greater truth about the decadent French ruling elite and why history swept it away.
Amid all the bureaucratic hustle and bustle that presently surrounds UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson's travails, what ultimately matters is not the details of what the civil servant, Sue Gray, concludes in her investigation about supposedly illegal parties both the prime minister and his senior staff attended on numerous occasions during the long lockdown period — even as they sonorously cautioned the rest of the country to stay strictly quarantined. It does not really matter the precise number of illicit gatherings (which will be counted on more than two hands), which ones Johnson actually attended or whether the prime minister knew the gatherings were technically "parties" or not.
In the end, it also does not matter overmuch about the police investigation into the incidents, which have superseded the Gray report, either. If convicted of committing an actual crime, the prime minister will merely be forced to pay the equivalent of a parking ticket. All this legal and bureaucratic flummery is a sign of our mediocre age, as if the rest of us need a technocratic, expert-driven determination as to what a party is. While British officialdom may thrill to such ridiculous trivialities, they do nothing in the long term to change Johnson's basic Marie Antoinette problem. The precise details of his alleged crimes matter far less than the fact they confirm a damning, greater truth.
Johnson, at the height of the COVID-19 tragedy and with his suffering country forced to quarantine itself from burying their dead, thought the restrictive pandemic rules he himself had formulated were ridiculous and beneath him. Or, in the genuine words of arrogant, convicted 1980s tax evader Leona Helmsley, "only the little people pay taxes." This stigma is what will dog Johnson for the rest of his days and, in the medium term, lead to his removal as prime minister.
The story of "partygate" merely confirms a larger, already-suspected truth about the man and his character. His elitist belief that rules are for the little people is incendiary and unforgivable, coupled with the mass suffering of his people. This reality cannot be investigated away or talked away and it will not be forgotten by the British people. The Johnson premiership is living on borrowed time.
A January Times/YouGov poll confirms this. When asked the question, "Do you believe the prime minister when he said the party he was attending was a work event?" an overwhelming 70 percent of those polled said no, with a mere 13 percent believing this lamest of excuses (there are reportedly pictures showing him cradling a beer at the time). As to whether Johnson should resign over this, a large majority, 63 to 24 percent, said that he should. Only 8 percent of those polled said the prime minister had been honest about the allegations of parties in 10 Downing Street. Given that Johnson has gone from saying there were no parties, to saying if there were parties he is shocked, to saying he attended some of those parties but thought they were work events, I am incredulous that he managed the 8 percent.
The Metropolitan Police investigation, and then the release of the Gray report, will buy Johnson some time, as will the upcoming local elections. Even an internal Conservative leadership challenge (and one is coming) could see him remain in power. But all of this is merely window dressing, obscuring the larger fact that, in policy terms, the historic Johnson premiership — dominated by Brexit and the pandemic — is at an end.
The Conservative Party, in many ways the most successful modern party in the Western world, has thrived precisely because of its lack of sentimentality about its leaders once they fall upon hard times. Famously, even the invincible Margaret Thatcher, winner of three barnstorming elections, was swiftly dispatched as her popularity plummeted over the poll tax. With the Tories about 10 points behind Labour in recent polling, and with the public's mind made up about him, it is only a matter of time until Johnson is shown the door. He simply cannot overcome his Marie Antoinette problem.
Boris Johnson, Johnson, Marie Antoinette
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: SQL LEFT JOIN behaviour Trying to get a SQL LEFT JOIN to return NULLs where there are no corresponding rows in the other table.
Table 1 - T1
id  n
1   aaa
2   bbb
3   ccc

Table 2 - T2
t1_id   t3_id
1   1
2   1
3   1
1   2
3   2
2   3
3   3

In T2, note that there is no combination of 2 - 2 or 1 - 3.
select *
from t1
left join t2
on t1.id = t2.t1_id
order by t2.t3_id, t1_id

Output:
id  n   t1_id   t3_id
1   aaa         1   1
2   bbb         2   1
3   ccc         3   1
1   aaa         1   2
3   ccc         3   2
2   bbb         2   3
3   ccc         3   3

I was expecting there to be two additional rows
1   aaa         null    null
2   bbb         null    null

...corresponding to the previously mentioned missing combinations in T2.
Note the ORDER BY is only there for convenience - it makes no difference to the rows returned.
Please help me understand why this is happening, and how to get around it.

A: If you want all rows in t2 in the result set, it should be the first table referenced in the left join:
select *
from t2 left join
     t1
     on t1.id = t2.t1_id
order by t2.t3_id, t2.t1_id;

EDIT:
You seem to want to generate new rows not in the original data.  Use cross join to generate the rows and then left join to bring them in:
select t3.t3_id, t1.id, t1.n
from (select distinct t2.t3_id from t2) as t3 cross join
     t1 left join
     t2
     on t3.t3_id = t2.t3_id and t2.t1_id

A: Alternatively, if you do want to reference t1 first in the FROM, you would use a RIGHT JOIN instead (personally I find these less intuitive but some do prefer them, and they do have their uses when more tables are involved):
SELECT *
FROM t1
     RIGHT JOIN t2 ON t1.id = t2.t1_id
ORDER BY t2.t3_id,
         t1_id;

A: table1:
-------------
| id | name |
-------------
|  1 | john |
-------------
|  2 | mark |
-------------
|  3 | will |
-------------

table2:
-----------------
| t1_id | t3_id |
-----------------
|   1   |   3   |
-----------------
|   1   |   2   |
-----------------
|   3   |   1   |
-----------------

if i want to get table1 through table2:
SELECT t1.*
FROM table2 as t2
LEFT JOIN table1 as t1
ON t1.id = t2.t1_id
WHERE 1
ORDER BY t1.id ASC;

you'll get:
-------------
| id | name |
-------------
|  1 | john |
-------------
|  1 | john |
-------------
|  3 | will |
-------------

edited:
so the query will get all what's in table2, so (t1_id: 1, t3_id: 3), (t1_id: 1, t3_id: 2), (t1_id: 3, t3_id: 1), then the left join will compare the id of t1 with t1_id in t2 and return all columns in t1 as i wrote *.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange