text:
Seven players opt out of Maryland football's season, including QB Josh Jackson
Alexander Dacy
Quarterback Josh Jackson directs downfield blockers during Maryland football's 20-17 loss to Temple at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia on Sept. 14, 2019. (Julia Nikhinson/The Diamondback)
Throughout the college football world, schools have been grappling with how to approach the 2020 season. Some drove head first into voluntary workouts before seeing them cancelled due to a spike in COVID-19 cases. Others have taken a more cautious approach.
As the season approaches, though, attention has shifted towards the players. Student-athletes from the Pac-12 threatened to hold out from the season last week. A larger national statement followed suit. And, across numerous Power Five teams, individuals have started to declare their intent to sit out the campaign.
Things are no different in College Park. Despite Maryland football beginning formal practices Friday, the fallout from the coronavirus pandemic has continued to impact coach Mike Locksley's plans. The second-year head coach announced that seven players are holding out for the 2020 season, including quarterback Josh Jackson.
The other holdouts are defensive lineman Jalen Alexander, offensive linemen Austin Fontaine and Johnny Jordan, defensive back Vincent Flythe, linebacker TJ Kautai and tight end Chig Okonkwo.
"We're in complete support of each and every one of their decisions for their own individual reasons, and we'll continue to support those guys the best we can," Locksley said.
[Maryland football will open its season at Iowa under revised Big Ten schedule]
Jackson's decision looms largest, as he was set to compete for the starting role under center for the second year running. The former Virginia Tech transfer appeared in 10 games last season, throwing for 1,274 yards and 12 touchdowns.
The Terps are now thinner behind center, as redshirt freshman Lance LeGendre and sophomore transfer Taulia Tagovailoa are Maryland's only other scholarship quarterbacks. Locksley's squad also has three walk-ons.
"Josh Jackson has probably played his last football game," Locksley said. "He was a valuable member of our team, and he brought a lot of things to our program from a leadership standpoint in how he did his business, so I'm proud of him being able to make a tough decision like he's made."
Beyond that, Fontaine and Jordan were set to be starters along the offensive line, while Okonkwo — who is holding out for medical reasons — was in line to start at tight end. Okonkwo caught 19 passes for 201 yards as a sophomore, scoring two touchdowns. He was named to the 2020 John Mackey Award Watch List on July 17.
Flythe appeared in eight games last campaign, racking up three tackles and a pass deflection while platooning on special teams and as a reserve cornerback. Alexander, a former three-star recruit from Chesapeake, Virginia, made one appearance in 2019, tallying one tackle in the Terps' season opener against Howard.
Meanwhile, Kautai — the No. 7 JUCO inside linebacker in the nation, per 247Sports — linked up with Locksley's squad after spending one year at Independence Community College in Kansas. Kautai made 32 tackles and had 1.5 sacks in eight games last season.
[Maryland football coach Mike Locksley forms minority coaching coalition]
These decisions forced a number of personnel changes for Locksley's squad. Linebacker Kameron Blount and defensive end Tyler Baylor switched to tight end, while wide receiver Isaiah Hazel shifted to safety.
"There's going to be situations that may come up where everybody's going to have an opportunity to play," defensive coordinator Jon Hoke said. "So you have to do a good job of developing your depth and keeping your scheme relatively broad from the standpoint that everybody can execute it."
This story has been updated.
austin fontaine
chigoziem okonkwo
johnny jordan
josh jackson
lance legendre
mike locksley
taulia tagovailoa
tj kautai
vincent flythe
Maryland football hires Dan Enos as next offensive coordinator
Maryland football offensive coordinator Scottie Montgomery will not return next season
Maryland football lands five-star linebacker Terrence Lewis


This Note argues that the public forum analysis is the proper standard for evaluating a cable television company's claim of access to public rights of way. Part I discusses the constitutional basis for this standard. Part II examines the ideological justifications for the public forum doctrine and argues that public rights of way are public forums for cable television purposes. In addition, it explains the application of the public forum doctrine to cable access questions and the doctrine's advantages over other standards.
Lawrence E. Spong, Cable Television Rights of Way: Technology Expands the Concept of Public Forum, 20 U. Mich. J. L. Reform 1293 (1987).


text:
Q: Pandas condition Country/Region  Lat      Long
Afghanistan     33.00    65.00
Andorra         42.5063  1.5218
Albania         41.1522  20.1633

This is my dataset I want to create a new column with the following condition if Lat < 37 and > -37 return 0
df.loc[df.Lat < 37 and df.Lat > -37, 'newcol'] = 0

This is the code I'm trying to use for the condition but I am receiving a Value error

A: Try using the following:
df.loc[(df.Lat < 37) & (df.Lat > - 37), 'newcol'] = 0

I think the & and the | act as AND and OR in pandas.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Chair in Business Administration
esp. Information and Service Systems
Learning-Platform
Tom Michels
Position: Research Assistant
Tom Michels is research assistant at chair in Information and Service Systems (ISS), faculty of Business Administration, Saarland University, Germany.
Tom studied business informatics at the Saarland University. He wrote his bachelor thesis about the analysis of movement data in public rooms with smart sensor in order to generate acting suggestions. During his bachelor studies he further developed the official campus application (Uni Saar) for the Saarland University and studied a semester abroad at the Stevens Institute of Technology in New Jersey, USA Currently he is in the third semester of his master's studies.
Contact person for the following lectures (current term):
Web Technologien
Maass, W. & Michels, T.
Moving Populations Event Recognition Under Re-Identification and Data Locality Constraints, 12. internationalen Tagung für Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI 2015), Osnabrück, Germany, 2015, pp. 121-133.
Maaß, W., Michels, T.
Innovationsmanagement in Start-ups, Innovationsmanagement in Start-ups, 2018.
© 2020 Chair in Business Administration, esp. Information and Service Systems (ISS)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


> leaving home this morning.
> and brokerage Morgan Stanley Dean Witter.
> will be bought almost instantly via the Internet.
> realms as Internet connectivity and bioelectronic technology.
> including Tommy Hilfiger and Kenneth Cole.
> some stunning wardrobe improvements by the year 3000.
> temperature, and deliver vitamins to the blood through the skin.
> sizes in place of today's sizing hodgepodge.
> positively prehistoric,'' the report said.
> effortless thought-pattern or push-button Internet requests.
> in the same way that restaurants supplement home dining today.
> the tastes and sizes of thousands of customers.
> the sporting and luxury goods categories.
> today's teen-oriented, hip-hop marketplace.


Compare Smoothstone vs Tierzero. Find out whether Smoothstone or Tierzero is better for your VoIP business or home needs. The experts at VoipReview have analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of Smoothstone and Tierzero and detailed analysis of the comparison can be found below.


Congratulations for bbLean and for script updates in Win7PE_SE project.
Although I think you should've based Win7PE_SE and just add a new shell for bbLean. Pity!
Change mkisofs option for Grub4dos with language support at startup.
Romove Notepad2 replacement (tools_x86,x64), Comment Open With Notepad all moved in a new notepad script.
Open With Notepad (change language text), Start Menu Folder and Optional Notepad2 replacement.
example folder creation to see what is where etc.
Makes WinBuilder scan the scripts again so new scripts will appear without restarting WinBuilder.
Not necessary, on winbuilder-->tools-->options==>"Enable refresh button" checkboxed enable.
Thanks a lot for detailed explanations and providing scripts. It is excellent contribution to any project.
Thank you, it's a contribution to BBlean project and other. I would like also Win7PE_SE continues. Pity!
I would like also Win7PE_SE continues. Pity!
OK for directx11 fails in x64, thanks . The other scripts should work without problems in x86 and x64. Did you test it ?
on winbuilder-->tools-->options==>"Enable refresh button" checkboxed enable.
Can you verify if your directx11.script work ?
DirectX11 is not my script, YahooUK made it. If someone can verify it in x86 build !
I have to prepare my luggage for 4 days of vacation, you can try and change my contributions without worries.
Your new script don't work for me I don't understand, can you post a screenshot with bootscreen in french ?
Is BB7 getting away from the Multi source builds? If this is so a lot of base scripts could be modified and all reference to other sources could be removed.
Failed to copy ehstorshell.dll – can not find file specified….
So I take it that Vista sources will not work anymore???
Is BB7 getting away from the Multi source builds?
ChrisR reported issues with xCHM script in the (very) past (due to incompatibilities between vistape-win7), Following is a fixed script which I guess will not produce things ChrisR reported previously.
Having a Multi source projects is nice.
I have gone thro and optimized BB7 that mean I have removed 99% of the Quotes and all commented out stuff that was around since the beginning of Win7 and cut build times and warnings almost in half. (With WB 80) also works with beta WB 81 RC1. I just get different warnings.??
I do not want a warning that this script will not work I want it to work.!!!
I can not wait till MAX and co. comes out with a full Vista x64 project to play with.
Thank you to Papeuser and Lancelot for tests and updates.
Thank's also for the script xchm (post 115). I have not tested it yet.
I apologize for the DirectX test script that I had not done in Vista x86, Vista x64 or win 7 x64 and I did not write this. This is not good !!!
can you post a screenshot with bootscreen in french ?
desktopinfo doesn't work on my 64bit version.


.the United States' first vertical roller mill for cement . The VRM offers several benefits compared to the ball mill in regards to operating costs and flexibility. However, the quality of the cement produced is . . Owing to the multitude of process parameters .yields zc = cp APL d dkvRm ρ(C1T0 + C2Tm.cement (OPC) that were in close .
Modeling of Cement Milling Process Based on Long Term .
Modeling of Cement Milling Process Based on Long Term Industrial Data DIMITRIS TSAMATSOULIS Halyps Building Materials S.A., Italcementi Group . parameters . are computed for each cement type processed in the same mill. Detailed information about the parameters uncertainty is provided. The described system identification can be utilized for .
Cement Mill Process Parameter List. Related equipment used in this plant: Get Price And Support. Industry News. . cement plant ball mills parameters - minemining. Live Chat; Operational Experience from the United States' First . available in the cement industry. . In a cement vertical roller mill grinding is performed in closed . but produced .
Material analysis for process control in cement plants - Cement Lime . Process control systems have hitherto mainly been implemented for raw material blending beds, raw mills and cement mills. . long established, the online measurement of material parameters for process control purposes is .
Parameters Of Cement Mill. Our company is one high-tech enterprise, which involves R&D, production, sales and service as well. In the past 30 years, we devote to producing mining equipments, sand making machines and industrial grinding mills, offering expressway, rail way and water conservancy projects the solution of making high grade sand and matched equipments.
vertical roller cement mill process parameters. vertical roller cement mill process parameters, The grinding process in ball mills and vertical roller mills differ fundamentally. Read more. Wet process ball millHenan Bailing Machinery. Wet process ball mill . Feeding size:≤25mm Motor Power:18.5800kw Wet process ball mill is widely used in .
the milling process takes place during rotation as a result of the transfer of kinetic energy of the moving grinding media into the grinding product. The design of a ball mill can .
The process parameters play a very vital role in optimization of Vertical roller mill production. Internal circulation in Mill. The material, which flows over the damn ring is caught by the vertical gas flow from the nozzle ring and lifted up. Coarse particles fall back to the grinding table and finer ones are swept up to the separator for being classified.
developed to model relationship among cement mill operational parameters or fineness while the input parameters were revolution percent falofon percentage and the elevator amperage amps which exhibits elevator charge to the separator evaluating cement milling process performance was .
A cement mill is the equipment used to grind the hard, nodular clinker from the cement kiln into the fine grey powder that is cement. Most cement is currently ground in ball mills and also vertical roller mills .
CONTROL, OPTIMIZATION AND MONITORING OF PORTLAND .
Cement Production Process . The output of a cement mill is the final product viz. Cement. The term bag house is applied to large filters containing a number of tubular bags mounted in a usually rectangular casing. The dust laden air is drawn through them by suction. . It is the place from where all the process parameters are controlled. 16 .
Ball mill,Ball mills,Ball mill machines . diffrent type process parameter in cement ball mill mining Ball mill is the key equipment for grinding after the crushing process, which is widely used in the manufacture industries, such as cement, silicate, new building material, refractory material, fertilizer, ferrous metal, nonferrous metal and .
Process Parameters Optimization of Silica . 7 · Experiments are designed using Taguchi method to find the optimum parameters for silica sand nanoparticles production using low speed ball milling.
ball mill process parameters . OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS FOR BALL MILL GRINDING . In many cement industries the optimization of the mill grinding process for the production of composite cement i.e. Portland puzzolona cement is a very costly, time . » Learn More.
Feb 10, 2016 · VRM vs Ball Mill for Cement Grinding. Good Days! . Other parameters(VRM vs. Ball Mill) to be considered are the following: Specific power consumption ; . Process control/process technology- ball is operation friendlt and simple in operation but VRM requires some PID or .
cement mill process parameter list - vijaydeveloper. Get Price And Support. Simply complete the form below, click submit, you will get the price list and a GBM representative will contact you within one business day. ball mill operating parameter - skinzleather.
Optimizing the operation of the cement mill Parameters that hold potential energy savings are load level, revolution speed, combination of the ball charge, lining design and the adjustments of the separator.
Alternative fuels in cement manufacturing: Modeling for .
All the above are affected by process parameters set by the operators, such as energy integration parameters and inner mass circuits. For instance, a fraction (appropriately set by the operator) of the kiln/precalciner/preheater flue gas is rendering inert and heating up the fuel mill air, while during compound operation (when the soil mill is .
Optimizing the control system of cement milling: process .
In the cement industry, a heavy industry absorbing extremely high energy, the automatic control of the grinding process remains a challenging issue, due to the elevated degree of uncertainties, process non-linearity and frequent change of the set points and the respective model parameters during operation.
Evolutionary Design of Intelligent Controller for a Cement .
Index Terms—cement mill, fault recognition, adaptive . algorithm to detecting main parameters for cement mill, and then to judge the. More details » Get Price. . Optimizing the control system of cement milling: process modeling . Long term industrial data have been used to determine the model parameters. The data include grinding of .


text:
Kiminge (finska: Kiiminki) var en kommun i landskapet Norra Österbotten i Uleåborgs län. Kiminge hade cirka 11 400 invånare och en yta på 339 kvadratkilometer.

Kiminge var en enspråkigt finsk kommun.

Kommunerna Kiminge, Haukipudas, Uleåsalo och Överijo uppgick den 1 januari 2013 i Uleåborgs stad. Det var ursprungligen meningen att även Muhos skulle ingå i sammanslagningen.

Referenser

Före detta finländska kommuner
Uleåborg

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
NGC 6788 ist eine Spiralgalaxie vom Hubble-Typ Sab im Sternbild Telescopium am Südsternhimmel. Sie ist schätzungsweise 139 Millionen Lichtjahre von der Milchstraße entfernt und hat einen Durchmesser von etwa 120.000 Lichtjahren.

Im selben Himmelsareal befindet sich u. a. die Galaxie IC 4856.

Das Objekt wurde am 9. Juli 1834 von John Herschel entdeckt.

Weblinks
 SIMBAD Astronomical Database

Einzelnachweise


text:
HVS Monday Musings: Island Tourism: Uncovering India's Undiscovered Gems
The Indian government is taking various steps to develop the Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep into world-class tourism destinations. However, several challenges have previously inhibited the rise of tourism on these islands. Read on to know more.
By Mandeep S Lamba , Dipti Mohan
India's vast coastline is peppered with some of the world's most stunning, untouched, and unexplored islands. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, as well as Lakshadweep, are home to the majority of these. Both islands have become popular tourist destinations in recent years because of their beautiful landscape, rich biodiversity, and unique experiences ranging from historical landmarks to water sports and adventure activities. Pre-COVID in 2019, Lakshadweep hosted over 7,000 tourists, whereas the Andaman & Nicobar Islands welcomed over 500,000 tourists. While the foreign tourist arrivals in Andaman & Nicobar have stayed relatively stable, domestic tourist arrivals doubled during 2012-2019. Despite these outstanding growth figures, tourism on these islands remains mostly undeveloped and undiscovered.
Several challenges have previously inhibited the rise of tourism on these islands, with the lack of essential facilities and infrastructure, such as airports, jetties, and internal roads as well as the scarcity of quality, branded hotels and resorts being the key concerns. Bali and Maldives, for example, have over 200 and 60 luxury hotels, respectively, while Andaman and Nicobar Islands currently have only one branded luxury hotel, indicating a significant supply deficit. Other major deterrents have included a lack of mainland access and expensive airfares. Access to the islands is also limited due to security issues related to their strategic location.
The government has taken numerous measures to develop these islands into world-class tourist attractions, realizing the huge potential tourism has in the region's economic and overall growth. Tourism infrastructure in Andaman & Nicobar, for instance, is being developed under the Coastal Circuit as part of the Swadesh Darshan Scheme. The Union Government and NITI Aayog are also focusing on the islands' holistic and long-term development as tourism destinations on par with prominent Southeast Asian beach destinations such as the Maldives, Bali, and Mauritius. Model tourism projects, both land-based and water villas, are being planned for development under a public-private partnership on a design, build, finance, operate, and transfer basis, with all clearances required for the projects being given upfront. Infrastructure improvements are currently underway to improve communication and transportation to the mainland. Yacht marinas, jetty facilities, and ferry projects are being built to improve marine connectivity. Another important aim is to increase road connectivity as well as the development and expansion of airports to enhance air connectivity.
An air circuit has been developed under the regional connection project (UDAN) to encourage 'heli tourism' using existing helipads. Seaplane services are also under consideration to further increase connectivity. In addition, the recent introduction of cruises between mainland India and some Indian islands can be a game-changer going forward. Digital connectivity, high-speed telecommunications, and internet services are also being enhanced, as these are important infrastructure requirements for the new-age tourist. These measures, paired with the islands' closeness to other well-known tourist attractions in Southeast Asia, should help the islands gain popularity with both domestic Indian tourists searching for beach vacations and international visitors in the future.
The government and all related parties, however, must exercise caution while executing the development plans to avoid the issues and severe environmental impact that have been seen in other island destinations, such as the Maldives, because of rapid expansion. The Maldives government and resort owners have learned from their mistakes and are now working together to reduce carbon emissions and protect the environment, particularly the coral reefs around the islands, by using solar energy, recycling waste and sewage, and actively engaging in coral gardening and conservation.
Similarly, the ecosystem of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, as well as Lakshadweep, are both extremely vulnerable, and development plans must strike a balance between tourism growth and sustainability. Destination management strategies should be implemented by closely monitoring the number of visitors to protect the region's ecology, the privacy of locals and tribal people many of whom are unwilling to interact with the outside world, and above all, to preserve the serenity and tranquillity of the islands.
Additional Contributor to this article: Kavya Jain, Intern at HVS ANAROCK
About Mandeep S Lamba
Mandeep S. Lamba, President – South Asia, oversees the HVS global hospitality practice for South Asia. He has spent over 30 years in the hospitality industry of which the last 19 have been in CEO positions. Having worked with leading International and domestic Hotel Companies such as IHG, Radisson & ITC Hotels, he also set up joint venture companies with Dawnay Day Group UK and Onyx Hospitality, Thailand to own and operate hotels in India giving him a broader exposure to the hospitality business.
An established industry leader, Mandeep has won several awards and recognitions in India and abroad for his accomplishments and contribution to the hospitality industry. He is a Certified Hospitality Administrator from the American Hotels Association (CHA), a member of the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors, UK (MRICS) and a member of the Tourism Council of CII (Northern India). His views are often solicited for television and print media as a spokesperson for the hospitality & tourism sector.
Prior to joining HVS in 2018, Mandeep was the Managing Director, Hotels & Hospitality Group for JLL.
Contact Mandeep at +91 981 1306 161 or [email protected]
About Dipti Mohan
Dipti Mohan, Associate Vice President - Research with HVS South Asia, is a seasoned knowledge professional with extensive experience in research-based content creation. She has authored several 'point of view' documents such as thought leadership reports, expert opinion articles, white papers, and research reports across industries including hospitality, real estate, infrastructure, cement, and construction. Contact Dipti at [email protected]
Travel & Tourism COVID-19 India Maldives Bali Mauritius


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The process of increasing the rate of conversions from a mobile app or a website is known as conversion rate optimization (CRO). CRO typically entails brainstorming ideas for improving elements of your website or app and then validating those hypotheses through A/B testing and multivariate testing.
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For example, if a landing page has a 10% conversion rate and receives 2000 visitors per month, it will lead to 200 conversions per month. If the conversion rate can be increased to 15% by optimizing various components on the page, the number of conversions generated increases by 50% to 300 per month.
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text:
William Newnham may refer to:

William Newnham (engineer) (1888–1974), New Zealand civil engineer and engineering administrator
William Newnham (physician) (1790–1865), English physician
William Thomson Newnham (1923–2014), Canadian educator


What lies ahead for 'peer-to-business' lending in the UK?
Retrenchment of major banks from small business lending, combined with terrible yields for even sophisticated savers, provided ideal conditions for 'peer-to-business' lending to take root in the UK. The 'peer-to-business' sector has lent approximately half a billion pounds (£543 million according to AltFi Data) through the various platforms, and the UK now looks like a global leader with Funding Circle moving into the US market.
However, the future has its challenges. On the one hand, the major banks are tentatively regaining their SME lending appetite, coupled with the extraordinarily ambitious entry of challenger banks such as Shawbrook and Aldermore. On the other, the Bank of England is clearly signalling that the days of exceptionally low interest rates are numbered.
Where are the longer-term opportunities for 'peer-to-business' lending in the UK?
Unsecured Loans – One of the most defensible areas for 'peer-to-business' lending must surely lie in models that leverage investor knowledge (the 'wisdom of crowds') to make better lending decisions. I personally wouldn't lend to a small business at the other end of the country, but I'd happily lend to a local café that I know and like. It's interesting that Funding Circle is piloting cooperation with local governments such as Camden Borough Council, a sign of things to come?
Asset Finance – Hire purchase and leasing is huge, perhaps half of all non-overdraft business finance facilities. The challenge for 'peer-to-business' is simply that asset finance is already relatively well-served due to the plethora of specialist lenders and brokers; that said, even small inroads would be material. There's also surely room for 'peer-to-business' lenders focussed on high-yield asset refinancing analogous to Borro; Funding Secure is an early example.
Commercial Property - Property finance, particularly buy-to-let and new-build, collapsed at the peak of the credit crunch; notably, commercial property was the one market segment where RBS talked openly about a lack of lending appetite. As credible borrowers return, the scale of this lending opportunity is immense, but I'd question whether long and complex property transactions fit a 'peer-to-business' model. High yield 'bridging' loans are a notable exception, often completing in days, but there's already no shortage of specialist direct lenders.
Working Capital - The impressive growth of Platform Black and Market Invoice, both with what appear to be excellent loss rates, demonstrates that working capital is a very real opportunity (particularly outside of retail and hospitality, which is already well-served by cash advance providers). The bureaucratic culture and old-fashioned IT of major banks also mean that the appetite for fast small business loans is poorly-served (it's no surprise Wonga chose this need for their first business finance offering, Everline); I would personally love exposure to those yields.
I'd argue that 'peer-to-business' lending will evolve to serve particular poorly-served niches, especially where crowd-based decisions provide an information advantage over faceless banks; the sheer scale of the commercial lending market means that this is an attractive future indeed.
Conrad Ford is founder of Funding Options, a one-stop shop for alternative business finance, and of Check Business, an SME information portal, members of the 'Everline Future 50' and 'Startups 100'.


text:
Zcash Sapling Activation Delayed
Josh Swihart |
The next major Zcash protocol upgrade, called Sapling, has been delayed by six weeks (one release cycle). Sapling introduces significant efficiency improvements for shielded transactions that will pave the way for broad mobile, exchange and vendor adoption of Zcash shielded addresses.
The Zcash Company is committed to supporting safe protocol upgrades and providing third-parties sufficient time to implement and test releases. Given the scope and significance of Sapling, we believe additional testing time is needed for all parties to ensure its safe activation. We have decided to insert a new release 1.1.2 to the schedule and delay the activation of Sapling. The schedule has been updated on the Zcash website and Github.
We encourage all third parties to use release 1.1.2 to test Sapling. This release is scheduled for July 1, 2018 with support ending on October 21, 2018.
The specific Block Height for the Sapling activation and parameters will be set with the release of version 2.0.0 on August 12th. Activation is anticipated to be October 28th, 2018 — Zcash's second birthday!
The Overwinter activation will not be affected and is scheduled to activate at block height 347500 which will occur around June 25, 2018. All other activities including third party security audits also remain on schedule.
Please refer to the Network Activation Guide for more guidance on upgrading 3rd party software.
Transaction Expiry
Zcash Company Response to Secret Service Recommendation


text:
shashscore
The Los Angeles Master Chorale, under the direction of Maestro Grant Gershon, premiered Sharon¹s piece THE THIRD MOTHER/MOTHERS' LAMENT during their opening season concert, September 29, 2002, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles. This A Capella work was written in memory of slain reporter Daniel Pearl and with dedication to his parents, Judea and Ruth Pearl.
I CADENCA INTERVIEWJUNE 2012DECEMBER 2010
I CADENCA INTERVIEW
On June 13th, Director Gloria Greenfield presented the Los Angeles premier of the film UNMASKED- JUDEOPHOBIA, scored by Sharon. The film deals with the roots of anti-Semitism in the Christian and Islamic worlds and its effect on humanity. The moving and at times terrifying score accompanies the film and brings about an added dimension to this important and difficult issue. Ms. Greenfield has already asked Sharon to compose the music for her next film as well. www.unmaskedthemovie.com
Sharon's acclaimed piece, Translucent Rock, has been chosen to be performed by the Culver City Symphony Orchestra. The piece, commissioned by The Israeli Chamber Orchestra is originally written for chamber orchestra and was re- orchestrated for a full symphony orchestra by Sharon for the concert, which took place on 1/29/2011a. The historic concert was dedicated solely to Women Composers, many of them living and creating new music today.
Made by www.graphicmad.com


Ross Bridge Resort and Spa in Hoover, AL is a recipient of a 2012 Hoover Beautification Award. Interiorscapes designs and maintains their exterior landscaping and is proud to play a role in this honor.
Our event team was recently involved with the Porsche 918 Spyder event at Ross Bridge Golf Resort and Spa. Six groups of guests assembled at the hotel to celebrate the design.
We are busy installing our intricate holiday decorations all over town so we don't have any trouble getting into the holiday spirit, but if you feel like you need some help this year to get into the holiday spirit then be sure to check out Birmingham's annual Christmas Tree lighting at Linn Park on December 3rd. This event is sure to bring cheer not matter how you celebrate the holidays.
Introducing green, living plants into the work place is a simple and cost effective solution to indoor air pollution. Plants also provide great psychological benefits such as reducing stress and promoting productivity, employee happiness, and creative problem solving. Exterior plants add beauty and curb appeal to any building, as well as combat pollution. By incorporating interior and exterior plant design into your work environment, you can increase the aesthetics of your space, improve the health of your employees, reduce absenteeism, increase productivity, and improve the quality of the surrounding environment.


Spatial data are created by several agencies as per their needs. Between 1999- 2002 Survey Department created the digital topographic database from its base-maps. Development of a multi-resolution geo database is under progress. In year 2002, Government of Nepal realized the importance of supporting in the creation of an infrastructure to facilitate the sharing of geographical information within the country. While the infrastructure will be designed in a way that it evolves eventually to serve the purpose of national geographical information infrastructure (NGII), the scope of the current activities is to pilot such an infrastructure with topographic and census data at the first priority. Such data will be made available and shared with all the users. On the second stage, the ministry of Local Development, the ministry of Education, the ministry of Health, the ministry of Agriculture and the ministry of Population and Environment will be incorporated on the infrastructure.
Hence the scope of the project is to have seven nodes to hook on the infrastructure where the Department of Survey and the Central Bureau of Statistics will be considered to be the most important nodes. During this period, more agencies are expected to prepare to participate in this infrastructure, which will gradually cover all the agencies within the country that either produce or use the geographical information. The concept of NGII once fully materialized will be an enabling platform for all sorts of geographical information handlings at the national level, thereby facilitating the operationalization of a National Geographical Information System (NGIS) in Nepal. The main benefit of NGII will be the technological, managerial, organizational, economic and personnel mechanism to facilitate the sharing, access to and responsible use of geographical and geo-related data. In the present context, the primary focus will be given to analyse and disseminate the Census 2001 added spatial dimensions, which is a new concept in Nepal. This will create awareness and the mechanism for data usage within other selected user organizations.
The programme established in 2002, has currently the support from the European Commission.
To strengthen planning and resource management in Nepal through the development of a geographic information infrastructure for the access of geographic and related data for decision-making.
To develop an NGII platform to facilitate data sharing among Survey Department, Central Bureau of Statistics and participating agencies.
To disseminate Population Housing Census 2001 results via the NGII platform.


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Here We Go Again! is an album by American folk music group the Kingston Trio, released in 1959 (see 1959 in music). It was one of the four the Trio would have simultaneously in Billboard's Top 10 albums during the year. It spent eight weeks at #1 and received an RIAA gold certification the same day as At Large. "A Worried Man" b/w "San Miguel" was its lead-off single, though it just made the Top 20. In November, two non-album songs were released as a single—"Coo Coo-U" b/w "Green Grasses"—but did not chart.

Background
The trio worked with the assistance of Lou Gottlieb on the song selection and the arrangements. Rehearsals were done at the Cocoanut Grove club where the group was appearing at the time. "Molly Dee" was written by John Stewart who would eventually become a member of the Trio, replacing Dave Guard. "Across the Wide Missouri" is the Trio's version of the popular American folk song "Oh Shenandoah". Although credited to Dave Guard, "Goober Peas" dates from the Confederate South and "A Worried Man" ("Worried Man Blues") is a song first recorded by The Carter Family in the 1930s and Woody Guthrie in the 1940s. "Haul Away" was originally credited to Jack Splittard, a pseudonym the trio members used to split copyright and royalties on public domain songs.

Ben Blake states in the 1992 reissue liner notes: "Here We Go Again! was reportedly the first Kingston Trio album on which Voyle Gilmore utilized what was called 'double-voicing' whenever all three group members sang in unison. This was accomplished by having them record their vocals twice; then Gilmore simply overdubbed one of the tracks. This gave the group a fuller sound. Recorded at Studio B in Los Angeles, Here We Go Again! also benefited from Capitol's Grand Canyon-like echo chamber, which Gilmore used to make the Trio's instruments 'ring' like no other folk group, before or since."

Reception

Sales of Here We Go Again! rose to over 900,000 copies reaching the number one chart position for eight weeks. At one point in 1959 after the release of Here We Go Again!, the Trio had four records at the same time among the Top 10 selling albums according to Billboard Magazine's "Top Ten Albums" chart for five consecutive weeks in November and December 1959, a record unmatched now for over 50 years.
Here We Go Again! received Grammy nominations in the Folk category and the Vocal Group category.

In his retrospective review, Allmusic critic Matt Fink noted standout tracks in his review and called the release "a very well-rounded album." In his review of the 1992 reissue, critic Ronnie D. Lankford, Jr. wrote "At Large and Here We Go Again! capture the Kingston Trio early in their career, grounded in the success of their first albums and searching for new directions. Fans, folk revival enthusiasts, and the curious will enjoy this one."

Reissues
 Here We Go Again! was reissued in 1992 on CD by Capitol with At Large.
In 1997, all of the tracks from Here We Go Again! were included in The Guard Years 10-CD box set issued by Bear Family Records.
 Here We Go Again! was reissued in 2001 by Collector's Choice with At Large. This reissue has three bonus tracks: an alternative version of "A Worried Man" and the non-LP single "The Tijuana Jail" backed with "Oh Cindy."

Track listing

Side one
"Molly Dee" (John Stewart)
"Across the Wide Missouri" (Ervin Drake, Jimmy Shirl)
"Haul Away" (Traditional)
"The Wanderer" (Irving Burgess)
"'Round About the Mountain" (Lou Gottlieb)
"Oleanna" (Harvey Geller, Martin Seligson)

Side two
"The Unfortunate Miss Bailey" (Traditional, Gottlieb)
"San Miguel" (Jane Bowers)
"E Inu Tatou E" (George Archer)
"A Rollin' Stone" (Stan Wilson)
"Goober Peas" (Dave Guard, Traditional)
"A Worried Man" (Traditional, Tom Glazer, Dave Guard)

Personnel
Dave Guard – vocals, banjo, guitar
Bob Shane – vocals, guitar, banjo
Nick Reynolds – vocals, tenor guitar, bongos
David "Buck" Wheat – bass

Production notes
 Produced by Voyle Gilmore
 Engineered by Peter Abbott
 Mixed by Voyle Gilmore and Rex Uptegraft

Chart positions

References

External links
Kingston Trio Timeline.
Voyle Gilmore interview.

1959 albums
The Kingston Trio albums
Albums produced by Voyle Gilmore
Capitol Records albums

Albums recorded at Capitol Studios


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Home»Music » THE LITTLE THEATRE OF WINSTON-SALEM ANNOUNCES ITS 85TH SEASON
THE LITTLE THEATRE OF WINSTON-SALEM ANNOUNCES ITS 85TH SEASON
Music, The Arts
The Little Theatre of Winston-Salem is pleased to announce its 85th Season of live theatre productions. Between September 2019 and June 2020, the company will offer a theatrical feast of "Magic, Mischief & Mayhem," as it produces eight plays and musicals that range from well-loved classics to straight off of Broadway mega hits.
Four of The Little Theatre's productions will be performed at Reynolds Place, a new theatre space in the Milton Rhodes Center for the Arts, which is slated for completion at the beginning of July. The Hanesbrands Theatre, Mountcastle Forum Theatre, and SECCA's Dunn Auditorium will be used for the other productions.
The Little Theatre's 85th Season will begin with the new international sensation, Matilda: The Musical. Based on the children's novel by Roald Dahl and brought to the stage by Dennis Kelly and Tim Minchin, this Tony and Olivier Award winning show features a precocious little girl who uses equal parts courage and cleverness to save the day for her mistreated classmates and herself (September 20-22, 26-29 & October 3-6, 2019; Reynolds Place).
In October, the company will present a thriller that's been known to keep audiences on the edge of their seats, Wait Until Dark by Frederick Knott (October 18-20 & 24-27, 2019; Reynolds Place). For the holidays, An Old Salem Christmas Carol, Stephen P. Scott's adaptation of Charles Dickens' novel, will return to The Little Theatre's line-up for its second annual production (December 6-8, 11-15 & 18-22, 2019; SECCA).
The season will continue in 2020 with another new Tony Award winning hit, A Gentleman's Guide to Love & Murder, by Robert L. Freedman and Steve Lutvak. This fresh and funny musical follows a distant heir to a family fortune who eliminates relatives in order to speed up the line of succession. One actor playing all of the targeted relatives adds to the hilarity (February 7-9 & 12-16, 2020; Reynolds Place). In April, the fun continues with a classic that many consider to be the perfect musical comedy, Guys and Dolls, by Abe Burrows, Jo Swerling and Frank Loesser (April 17-19, 23-26 & 30-May 3, 2020; Hanesbrands Theatre). An uproarious British farce, Out of Order by Ray Cooney, concludes the season (June 12-14 & 18-21, 2020; Reynolds Place).
In addition to its 2019-20 mainstage line-up, The Little Theatre will introduce its new "Spotlight Series": compelling and thought-provoking productions that explore exciting content for audiences looking for something different. The first production will be Science Fiction Double Feature: The Plays of Ray Bradbury, which will include two one-act plays: Kaleidoscope and The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit (January 17-26, 2020; Mountcastle Forum Theatre). The second offering will be The Normal Heart by Larry Kramer, an explosive drama set in the early days of the AIDS crisis (March 20-22, 2020; Hanesbrands Theatre).
The Little Theatre is offering two membership packages for its 85th Season. A Full Season Membership offers one ticket to each of the eight productions and is priced at $150, with an "early bird special" of $135 for those who purchase prior to August 1. A Flex Pass 6 offers six fully flexible tickets, good for any of the shows in the 2019-20 season and priced at $125. Both the Full Season Membership and the Flex Pass 6 include additional benefits, such as discounted single tickets, the ability to reserve seats before the general public, and discounts on acting classes or summer camps. Single tickets, which will be $24 for adults and $22 for students & seniors for mainstage productions and $15 per person for Spotlight Series offerings, will go on sale August 15.
For further information, please visit www.LTofWS.org or call (336) 725-4001.
Tags : A Gentleman's Guide to Love & Murder, An Old Salem Christmas Carol, Guys and Dolls, HANESBRANDS THEATRE, Little Theatre of Winston-Salem, magic, Matilda: The Musical, Milton Rhodes Center for the Arts, Mischief & Mayhem, Mountcastle Forum Theatre, Out of Order, SECCA, Wait Until Dark, Winston-Salem
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The situation in Ferguson is tragic. Not just because a young man is dead. This is the bad, no doubt. But what has transpired in the wake of the incident is also very saddening. Taking sides. Everyone must do it. You see the substance behind shadows. People's true colors, if you will.
As a minister of Jesus Christ and man with a passion for restoring culture, I am saddened.
I am saddened that a young man, Michael Brown, has lost his life.
I am saddened that a family will spend weeks, months, years grieving over this loss.
I am saddened that a police officer, Darren Wilson, has in essence lost his life. Granted this man is still with us physically, but let's make no mistake…his life is all but over.
I am saddened that an incident like this still polarizes the nation.
I am saddened that an incident like this forces everyone to take a side. Even Christians.
Ferguson is a reminder. It is a stark reminder. A reminder that our culture still has a long way to go. A reminder that the black eye over this country is still race. It's not that we are unaware of this reality. Race has long been the black eye. Ferguson just vividly exposes the eye. Like someone who removes an eyepatch. We know the patch is hiding something. But let the patch be removed. It is then our minds can actually internalize the magnitude of what's underneath.
When I process the events in Ferguson and couple them with the events I see many days in my own town, I begin to ask myself some tough questions. Is racial reconciliation even possible? Is cultural diversity even realistic? Are we, Americans, being naive? The answer to these questions must be no. Underlying the black eye must lie the truth that these types of things heal. Black eyes heal, right? They might leave scars, but they heal.
In light of this, I want to suggest 6 ways to truly attack racism and cultural diversity.
1.) Own it…racism still exists.
Racism still exists today. And most of us are guilty. Granted, active, outspoken racism is much less prevalent today. Most of those people are pushed to the margins of society.
But replacing active racism is a more passive form. One that is just as dangerous. This type of racism says one group or race has no problem with another, but passive racism never goes so far as to truly embrace. This type of racism says I have no problem with black people. I have no problem with Latinos. I have no problem with whites. But when I, a white guy, pass a group of black men while running, I slow down or move over.
This type of racism says I have no problem with inter-racial marriage…as long as it is not in my family.
This type of racism is so dangerous because it is silent. Like a volcano that is dormant. No real signs or issues. Then something triggers and everything explodes. An earthquake for volcanos. Ferguson for America.
It is not until we admit collectively this is still an issue that we will be in a position to attack it. Like a man with an illness, but he refuses to acknowledge anything is wrong. Denial. This is not an attack on our evil hearts as much as it is a call for us to embrace the collective need for grace and mercy. A call for God to transform our wickedness. A call for the Holy Spirit to help us see with new eyes and love with new hearts. Only He can do this.
When is our country (and our world, for that matter) going to arrive at a place where we can celebrate differences? When are we going to mature to the point where the default position becomes acceptance, not condemnation and cynicism? When are we going to realize God does not create machines?…He creates people. Then he gives those people freedom to live differently and uniquely.
There is not one way to worship God. There is not one way to approach life. And this is where things get dangerous. This is where racism has its roots. Believing one group has "figured out" what is right, and for someone to refuse to adhere to their understanding of life and God is wrong.
Superiority…the essence of racism. "I have it figured out. Everyone else is wrong." Superiority breeds elitism, which often leads to dehumanization.
My black brothers worship God differently than I do. They have a different filter through which they see life. My Latino brothers are the same way. My Chinese brothers the same. I have much to learn from all of these groups. I pray we will have the wisdom and maturity to begin celebrating differences. Different is not wrong…it is different.
3.) Understand racism is about the heart.
None of us make any legitimate advancement in this area by simply agreeing to meet in a room together. Racism originates in the heart, and it must be attacked from within.
Racism originates in the heart, and it must be attacked from within.
We will begin to make strides towards eliminating racism when we agree to sit down with one another and listen to the heart of the other. Relationships must be built. Hearts must be shared. Concerns must be revealed. It is not until we agree to fight through those awkward and tension-filled moments that progress will be made.
Attacking racism doesn't start by agreeing to get people from different backgrounds in the same room. It starts by inviting people into your home, fostering sympathy with a sincere heart, and, of course, listening.
4.) Pray for deep humility.
This point is arguably the most important one…it is also arguably the most difficult for us to accept. Humility is so important because without it, we will continue to allow the wounds of the past to inform the actions of the present and future.
Without humility, the wounds of the past will inform the actions of the present.
Without humility, we will default to being defensive. Without humility, we will default to being offended.
For all sides humility is vital. For one side it requires a heart that is more focused on breaking down walls than making sure the other side says everything right. For the other side, it requires a heart that seeks to listen and be sympathetic, not get angry or frustrated when a comment is made that pushes against stereotypical norms.
This is impossible without humility. This is impossible without a softened heart. A heart that understands in this journey we are going to say things that offend the other side. We have no choice. We are human.
A heart that understands an ill-timed comment is not grounds to push away from the table or default back to cultural stereotypes. To fix this, we must agree to stay at the table. We must choose to think of the other group ahead of ourselves…and remain humble.
5.) Realize embracing diversity is not something we drift towards…it requires intentionality.
We humans love to be in situations that are safe and comfortable. Anything outside of those bounds will require intentionality. This is true of racism and true of cultural diversity. If we do not take some intentional steps, all of our friends will look just like us. All of our churches will look the same. All of our social gatherings will be filled with people that look like us. This is the nature of culture and race. We drift towards what is familiar.
For racism to make forward movement, we must be intentional.
For racism to make forward movement, we must be intentional. It is not something that will happen naturally. Embracing cultural diversity is hard. Spending quality time with people that have nothing in common with us is not normal.
The world is not doing it. But it is in these spaces that movement towards embracing and not condemning will be made. It is in these spaces that walls come down. It is in these spaces we begin to see one another as human beings, not label one another by skin color.
6.) Believe only the gospel can eliminate racism.
In a world marred by the stains of racism, there is really only one cure…the gospel. The gospel is the only legitimate answer to this problem.
In Ephesians 2:14-15, Paul says the cross has broken down the walls of hostility so that Christ might create ONE new man in place of the two. This is the reality in Christ…there is only one race.
Any place where barriers of race exist, we can be sure this is not from God. Racism is sin. On any level. And the people of God must lead the way in pushing the gospel's transformative power directly into the walls of culture and race.
Make no mistake, racism will not be cured by protestors on the streets. It will not be cured by off-handed comments on Facebook or Twitter. It will only be cured when the power of the gospel penetrates the hearts and minds of people in this world.
I pray for the day when a post like this is not relevant in our culture. I pray for the day people characterize one another as human beings only. I pray for the day when the people of God believe in the power of the gospel to penetrate the walls of race and culture. I believe this day is possible. I hope you will pray for this day with me.
I love you all. To God the glory forever. Amen!


This track appears on the Sandy Denny and the Strawbs' album All Our Own Work and on the repackaged Sandy Denny and the Strawbs . Sandy Denny takes (double tracked?) lead vocals, joined by Dave Cousins and Tony Hooper on harmony vocals in the chorus. The track sounds very much like the Mamas and the Papas.


Top Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) lightweight contender Tony Ferguson is on the hunt for a new opponent after fellow Ultimate Fighter (TUF) champ Michael Chiesa was injured and forced to withdraw from their UFC Fight Night 91 main event, per MMA Junkie, booked for Denny Sanford Premier Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, on July 13, 2016.
To my family, friends and fans. As reported below, a back injury has forced me out of my scheduled fight for July 13th against Tony Ferguson. During a routine training session, I felt a pop and shift in my lower back followed by very very sharp pains that left me on the floor.
I found out today I have a fully ruptured disk, I will undergo 8 weeks of physical therapy and rehab to hopefully avoid having to go under the knife and get back surgery. Thanks to everyone that supports me, my teammates and coaches, the city of Spokane and all my fans around the world. I'll be back stronger.
A replacement is expected to be named in the coming days.
UFC Fight Night 91 will also feature a middleweight showdown pitting Tim Boetsch opposite Josh Samman, while Alexey Oleinik and Daniel Omielanczuk hook 'em up for heavyweight bragging rights.
For the current Sioux Falls fight card and line up click here.


International Finance Centre, Dublin, Ireland. Ireland is a top 5 Conduit OFC, the largest global tax haven, and the 3rd largest OFC shadow banking centre.
An Offshore Financial Centre or OFC is defined as a country or jurisdiction that provides financial services to nonresidents on a scale that is incommensurate with the size and the financing of its domestic economy.[a] "Offshore" does not refer to the location of the OFC (many FSF–IMF OFCs, such as Luxembourg and Hong Kong, are located "onshore"), but to the fact that the largest users of the OFC are nonresident (e.g. they are "offshore").[b] The IMF lists OFCs as a third class of financial centre, with International Financial Centres (IFCs), and Regional Financial Centres (RFCs); there is overlap (e.g. Singapore is an RFC and an OFC).
Ugland House, the Cayman Islands. The Caribbean, including the Caymans, the British Virgin Islands and Bermuda, has several major Sink OFCs, is the 2nd largest global tax haven (in aggregate), and largest OFC shadow banking centre.
During April–June 2000, the FSF–IMF produced the first list of 42–46 OFCs using a qualitative approach. In April 2007, the IMF produced a revised quantitative-based list of 22 OFCs,[c] and in June 2018, another revised quantitative-based list of 8 major OFCs, who are responsible for 85% of OFC financial flows (which includes, Ireland, the Caribbean,[d] Luxembourg, Singapore, Hong Kong and the Netherlands). The removal of currency and capital controls, the early driver for the creation and use of many OFCs in the 1960s and 1970s,[e] saw taxation and/or regulatory regimes become the main reasons for using OFCs from the 1980s. Progress from 2000 onwards from IMF–OECD–FATF initiatives on common standards, regulatory compliance, and banking transparency, has significantly weakened the regulatory attraction of OFCs. Academics now consider the activities of OFCs to be synonymous with tax havens, with a particular focus on corporate tax planning BEPS tools, tax-neutral[f] asset structuring vehicles, and shadow banking/asset securitization.
Spuerkeess Bank HQ, Luxembourg. Luxembourg is the 2nd largest Sink OFC, the 6th largest global tax haven, and the 2nd largest OFC shadow banking centre.
Singapore Exchange, SGX Centre, Singapore. Singapore is a top 5 Conduit OFC, and is the 3rd largest global tax haven.
Dutch Stock Exchange, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The Netherlands is the largest global Conduit OFC, and is the 5th largest global tax haven, and is the 4th largest shadow banking OFC.
Disproportion between the size of the financial sector and the domestic financing needs.
In April 2000, the term rose to prominence when the Financial Stability Forum ("FSF"), concerned about OFCs on global financial stability, produced a report listing 42 OFCs. The FSF used a qualitative approach to defining OFCs, noting that: Offshore financial centres (OFCs) are not easily defined, but they can be characterised as jurisdictions that attract a high level of non-resident activity [...] and volumes of non-resident business substantially exceeds the volume of domestic business.
More popularly, centers which provide some of the following services: low or zero taxation; moderate or light financial regulation; banking secrecy and anonymity.
An OFC is a country or jurisdiction that provides financial services to nonresidents on a scale that is incommensurate with the size and the financing of its domestic economy.
The April 2007 IMF paper used a quantitative proxy text for the above definition: More specifically, it can be considered that the ratio of net financial services exports to GDP could be an indicator of the OFC status of a country or jurisdiction. This approach produced a revised list of 22 OFCs,[c] however, the list had a strong correlation with the original list of 46 OFCs from the IMF's June 2000 paper. The revised list was much shorter than the original IMF list as it only focused on OFCs where the national economic accounts produced breakdowns of net financial services exports data.
Offshore financial centers (OFCs) are jurisdictions that oversee a disproportionate level of financial activity by non-residents.
James R. Hines Jr. testifying to the Senate Finance Committee on Corporate Taxation in 2016. Hines is the most cited academic on research into tax havens; and his 1994 Hines–Rice paper, the most cited paper in all tax haven research, was relied upon by the Council of Economic Advisors in October 2017 when advocating the corporate tax cuts proposed by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
The common FSF–IMF–Academic definition of an OFC focused on the outcome of non-resident activity in a location (e.g. financial flows that are disproportionate to the indigenous economy), and not on the reason that non-residents decide to conduct financial activity in a location. However, since the early academic papers into OFCs in the late 1970s, and the FSF-IMF investigations, it has been consistently noted that tax planning is one of the prime drivers of OFC activity. The other most commonly noted prime driver is favorable regulation, or regulatory arbitrage, such as in OFCs like Liberia, that focus on shipping.
"Tax havens are also known as "offshore financial centers" or "international financial centers", phrases that may carry slightly different connotations but nevertheless are used almost interchangeably with "tax havens.""
"Tax havens are low-tax jurisdictions that offer businesses and individuals opportunities for tax avoidance" (Hines, 2008). In this paper, I will use the expression "tax haven" and "offshore financial center" interchangeably (the list of tax havens considered by Dharmapala and Hines (2009) is identical to the list of offshore financial centers considered by the Financial Stability Forum (IMF, 2000), barring minor exceptions)"
Uncovering Offshore Financial Centers: CORPNET's network of connections between countries splitting into Conduit OFCs and Sink OFCs.
While from 2010 onwards, academics began to treat tax havens and OFCs as practically synonymous, the OECD and the EU went in a different direction. By 2017, the OECD's list of tax havens only contained Trinidad & Tobago, while the EU's 2017 "blacklist" of 17 tax havens, only contained one jurisdiction, Samoa, in the top 20 tax havens, as ranked by academics and non-governmental organisations.
In July 2017, the University of Amsterdam's CORPNET group ignored any definition of a tax haven and followed a quantitive approach, analyzing 98 million global corporate connections on the Orbis database. CORPNET used a variation of the technique in the IMF's 2007 OFC working paper, and ranked the jurisdictions by the scale of international corporate connections relative to the connections from the indigenous economy. In addition, CORPNET split the resulting OFCs into jurisdictions that acted like a terminus for corporate connections (a Sink), and jurisdictions that acted like nodes for corporate connections (a Conduit).
Sink OFCs rely on Conduit OFCs to reroute funds from high-tax locations using the BEPS tools which are encoded, and accepted, in the Conduit OFC's extensive networks of bilateral tax treaties. Because Sink OFCs are more closely associated with traditional tax havens, they tend to have more limited treaty networks.
CORPNET's lists of top five Conduit OFCs, and top five Sink OFCs, matched 9 of the top 10 havens in the Hines 2010 tax haven list, only differing in the United Kingdom, which only transformed their tax code in 2009–12, from a "worldwide" corporate tax system, to a "territorial" corporate tax system.
Our findings debunk the myth of tax havens[g] as exotic far-flung islands that are difficult, if not impossible, to regulate. Many offshore financial centers[g] are highly developed countries with strong regulatory environments.
All of CORPNET's Conduit OFCs, and 8 of CORPNET's top 10 Sink OFCs, appeared in the § IMF 2007 list of 22 OFCs.
The following 46 OFCs are from the June 2007 IMF background paper that used a qualitative approach to identify OFCs; and which also incorporated the April 2000 FSF list which had also used a qualitative approach to identify 42 OFCs.
Group III: generally seen as having a low quality of supervision, and/or being non-cooperative with onshore supervisors, and with little or no attempt being made to adhere to international standards.
(‡) Dominica, Grenada, Monserrat and Palu were not on the FSF April 2000 list of 42 OFCs but were on the IMF June 2000 list of 46 OFCs.
The following 22 OFCs are from an April 2007 IMF working paper that used a strictly quantitative approach to identifying OFCs (only where specific data was available[c]).
(†) In on both the April 2000 FSF list of 42 OFCs, and the June 2000 IMF list of 46 OFCs.
(Top 10 Sink OFC) The IMF list contains 8 of the 10 largest Sink OFCs: missing British Virgin Islands (data was not available), and Taiwan (was not a major OFC in 2007).
The following 8 OFCs (or also called pass through economies) were co-identified by an IMF working paper, as being responsible for 85% of the world's investment in structured vehicles.
International Finance Centre, Hong Kong. Hong Kong is the 3rd largest Sink OFC, and is the 8th largest global tax haven.
(†) In the April 2000 FSF list of 42 OFCs, the June 2000 IMF list of 46 OFCs, and the April 2007 IMF list of 22 OFCs.
(Top 5 Sink OFC) The IMF list contains 4 of the 5 largest Sink OFCs: missing Jersey (4th largest Sink OFC), but includes the Cayman Islands (10th largest Sink OFC).
Offshore finance became the subject of increased attention since the FSF–IMF reports on OFC in 2000, and also from the April 2009 G20 meeting, during the height of the financial crisis, when heads of state resolved to "take action" against non-cooperative jurisdictions. Initiatives spearheaded by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) and the International Monetary Fund have had an effect on curbing some excesses in the offshore financial centre industry, although it would drive the OFC industry towards a § Focus on tax for institutional and corporate clients. The World Bank's 2019 World Development Report on the future of work supports increased government efforts to curb tax avoidance.
Money laundering. In 2000 the FATF began a policy of assessing the cooperation of all countries in programmes against money laundering. Considerable tightening up of both regulation and implementation was noted by the FATF over subsequent years (see generally FATF Blacklist). Most of the principal OFCs strengthened their internal regulations relating to money laundering and criminal financial activities.
Tax avoidance. Similarly, in 2000 the OECD began a policy of forcing greater compliance by traditional tax havens by increasing the requirements for data sharing and transparency to avoid being included on the OECD's tax haven blacklist. While objections from the U.S. limited the OECD's effect on tax havens, the increased information disclosure enabled tax academics to use more quantitative methods for identifying tax avoidance.
Financial and banking secrecy. The April 2000 FSF OFC report, which launched the June 2000 IMF OFC initiative, led to a process of increased data disclosure and financial reporting by financial institutions in OFCs. It also led to more specific clampdowns in the area of bank secrecy, over which the IMF have greater control, and which ultimately removed much of the main distinctions between historical definitions of OFCs and tax havens.
EU Commission's outline of Apple's hybrid–double Irish BEPS tax structure in Ireland, that used two branches inside a single company based on private rulings from the Irish Revenue Commissioners in 1991 and 2007.
The third reason, Manage around currency and capital controls, dissipated with globalisation of financial markets and free-floating exchange rate mechanisms, and ceases to appear in research after 2000. The second reason, Favourable regulations, had also dissipated, but to a lesser degree, as a result of initiatives by the IMF–OECD–FATF post–2000, promoting common standards and regulatory compliance across OFCs and tax havens. For example, while the EU–28 contains some of the largest OFCs (e.g. Ireland and Luxembourg), these EU–OFCs cannot offer regulatory environments that differ from other EU–28 jurisdictions.
By 2010, leading tax academics saw little difference between tax havens and OFCs, and treated the terms as synonymous.
In August 2013, Gabriel Zucman showed OFCs housed up to 8–10% of global wealth in tax–neutral[f] structures. Others show that the main reason why private equity funds and hedge funds set up in OFCs, such as the Cayman Islands and Luxembourg, is to facilitate the personal tax planning of the managers. In August 2014, Zucman showed OFCs being used by U.S. multinationals, in particular, to execute base erosion and profit shifting ("BEPS") transactions to avoid corporate taxes.
In Q1 2015, Apple executed the largest BEPS transaction in history, moving US$300 billion in intellectual property ("IP") assets to Ireland, an IMF OFC, to use the Irish "Green Jersey" BEPS tool (see "Leprechaun economics"). In August 2016, the EU Commission levied the largest tax fine in history, at US$13 billion, against Apple in Ireland for abuse of the double Irish BEPS tool from 2004 to 2014. In January 2017, the OECD estimated that BEPS tools, mostly located in OFCs, were responsible for US$100 to 240 billion in annual tax avoidance.
In June 2018, Gabriel Zucman (et alia) showed that OFC corporate BEPs tools were responsible for over US$200 billion in annual corporate tax losses, and produced the a table (see below) of the largest BEPS locations in the world, which showed how synonymous the largest tax havens, the largest Conduit and Sink OFCs, and the largest § IMF 2007 list of OFCs had become.
In June 2018, another joint-IMF study showed that 8 pass-through economies, namely, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Hong Kong SAR, the British Virgin Islands, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Ireland, and Singapore; host more than 85 per cent of the world's investment in special purpose entities, which are often set up for tax reasons.
(*) One of the largest 10 tax havens by James R. Hines Jr. in 2010 (the Hines 2010 List).
(Δ) Identified on the § IMF 2007 list of 22 OFCs (note the IMF could not get sufficient data on The British Virgin Islands in 2007 for its study but did list the Cayman Islands).
(⹋) Identified on the § IMF 2018 list of 8 major OFCs, or pass through economies (note the Caribbean contains the British Virgin Islands and the Cayman Islands).
Banking secrecy in Switzerland is federally protected by the Banking Law of 1934.
Research into OFCs highlighted shadow banking as an original service of OFCs. Shadow banking enabled the pools of offshore capital, mostly dollars, that had escaped capital controls in the 1960s and 1970s, and thus the main onshore banking systems, to be recycled back into the economic system while paying interest to the capital's owner, thus encouraging them to keep their capital offshore. They highlight the Eurodollar capital market as particularly important. However, as OFCs developed in the 1980s, it became apparent that OFC banks were not just recycling Eurodollars from foreign corporate transactions, but also capital from tax avoidance (e.g. money being hidden in tax havens), and also from other criminal and illegal sources. Many OFCs, such as Switzerland, had banking secrecy laws protecting the identity of the owners of the offshore capital in the OFC. Over the years, a § Regulatory clampdown has weakened the ability for OFCs to provide bank secrecy. Shadow banking, however, remains a key part of OFCs services, and the Financial Stability Forum list of major shadow banking locations are all recognized OFCs.
Several jurisdictions included in this Report had OFI [shadow banking institution][i] sectors that were quite large compared to the size of their domestic economy: OFI assets were 2,118 times GDP in the Cayman Islands, 246 times GDP in Luxembourg, 13 times GDP in Ireland, and 8.6 times GDP in the Netherlands. No other jurisdictions exceeded 5 times GDP for this measure.
OFCs, however, have expanded into a related area to shadow banking, which is asset securitisation. Unlike traditional shadow banking, where the OFC bank needs to access a pool of offshore capital to operate, securitisation involves no provision of capital. OFC securitisation involves the provision of legal structures, registered in the OFC, into which foreign capital is placed to finance foreign assets (e.g. aircraft, ships, mortgages assets etc.), used by foreign operators and foreign investors. The OFC thus behaves more like a legal conduit rather than providing actual banking services. This has seen a rise in large specialist legal and accounting firms, who provide the legal structures for securitisations, in OFC locations. In normal securitisations, the foreign capital, assets and operators can all come from major onshore locations. For example, Deutsche Bank in Germany might lend Euro 5 billion into an Irish Section 110 SPV (the Irish securitisation legal structure), which then buys Euro 5 billion in aircraft engines from Boeing, and then leases the engines to Delta Airlines. The reason why Deutsche Bank would use an Irish Section 110 SPV is that it is tax neutral,[f] and that it has certain legal features, particularly orphaning, which are helpful to Deutsche Bank, but which are not available in Germany. Orphaning poses considerable risks of tax abuse and tax avoidance to the tax base of higher-tax jurisdictions; even Ireland discovered a major domestic tax avoidance scheme in 2016, by U.S. distressed debt funds, using the Irish Section 110 SPVs, on Irish domestic investments.
OFCs sometimes market themselves as leaders in regulation operating under the highest standards with the most advanced legal systems. Because OFCs are willing to create legal structures for broad classes of assets, including intellectual property ("IP") assets, cryptocurrency assets, and carbon credit assets, there is a justification that OFCs are often at the forefront of certain types of regulation. However, in the area of more general regulation, there is little real evidence to support these claims. In addition, there are contrary examples, even from the biggest OFCs, of poor regulation and oversight. (see here).
Supporters of OFCs also claim that the costs of regulation and operation in OFCs are lower than in the major financial centres due to scale effects and cheaper operating locations. However, there have been no credible studies or evidence put forward, as yet, to demonstrate that it is cheaper to operate from OFCs than major IFCs/RFCs. There is evidence that OFCs have faster approval times, even 24 hours, for approval of new legal structures and special purpose vehicles, however critics highlight this aspect as a sign of weaker regulation and oversight in OFCs (e.g. brass plate company).
One of the most important service lines for OFCs is in providing legal structures for global securitisation transactions for all types of asset classes, including aircraft finance, shipping finance, equipment finance, and collateralised loan vehicles. OFCs provide what are called tax neutral special purpose vehicles ("SPVs") where no taxes, VAT, levies or duties are taken by the OFC on the SPV. In addition, aggressive legal structuring, including Orphan structures, is facilitated to support requirements for Bankruptcy remoteness, which would not be allowed in larger financial centres, as it could damage the local tax base, but are needed by banks in securitisations. As the effective tax rate in most OFCs is near zero (e.g. they are really tax havens), this is a lower risk, although, the experience of U.S. distressed debt funds abusing Irish Section 110 SPVs in 2012–2016 is notable. However, OFCs play a key role in providing the legal structure for global securitisation transactions that could not be performed from the main financial centres.
The most controversial claim is that OFCs promote global economic growth by providing a preferred platform, even if due to tax avoidance or regulatory arbitrage reasons, from which global capital is more readily deployed. There are strong academic advocates, and studies, on both sides of this argument. Some of the most cited researchers into tax havens/offshore financial centres, including Hines, Dharmapala and Desai show evidence that, in certain cases, tax havens/OFCs, appear to promote economic growth in neighbouring higher-tax countries, and can solve issues that the higher-tax countries can have in their own tax or regulatory systems, which deter capital investment.
Tax havens[k] change the nature of tax competition among other countries, very possibly permitting them to sustain high domestic tax rates that are effectively mitigated for mobile international investors whose transactions are routed through tax havens. [..] In fact, countries that lie close to tax havens have exhibited more rapid real income growth than have those further away, possibly in part as a result of financial flows and their market effects.
CONCLUSION: Using both bilateral and multilateral samples, we find empirically that successful offshore financial centers encourage bad behaviour in source countries since they facilitate tax evasion and money laundering [...] Nevertheless, offshore financial centers created to facilitate undesirable activities can still have unintended positive consequences. [...] We tentatively conclude that OFCs are better characterized as "symbionts".
However, other major tax academics take the opposite view and accuse Hines (and others) of mixing cause and effect (e.g. the capital investment would have come through the normal taxed channels had the OFC option not been available), and include papers by Slemrod, and Zucman. Critics of this theory also point to studies showing that in many cases, the capital that is invested into the high tax economy via the OFC, actually originated from the high-tax economy, and for example, that the largest source of FDI into the U.K., is from the U.K., but via OFCs.
This claim can get into wider, and also contested, economic debates around the optimised rate of taxation on capital and other free-market theories, as expressed by Hines in 2011.
Asset holding vehicles: Many corporate conglomerates employ a large number of holding companies, and often high-risk assets are parked in separate companies to prevent legal risk accruing to the main group (i.e. where the assets relate to asbestos, see the English case of Adams v Cape Industries). Similarly, it is quite common for fleets of ships to be separately owned by separate offshore companies to try to circumvent laws relating to group liability under certain environmental legislation.
Asset protection: Wealthy individuals who live in politically unstable countries utilise offshore companies to hold family wealth to avoid potential expropriation or exchange control restrictions in the country in which they live. These structures work best when the wealth is foreign-earned, or has been expatriated over a significant period of time (aggregating annual exchange control allowances).
Avoidance of forced heirship provisions: Many countries from France to Saudi Arabia (and the U.S. state of Louisiana) continue to employ forced heirship provisions in their succession law, limiting the testator's freedom to distribute assets upon death. By placing assets into an offshore company, and then having probate for the shares in the offshore determined by the laws of the offshore jurisdiction (usually in accordance with a specific will or codicil sworn for that purpose), the testator can sometimes avoid such strictures.
Collective Investment Vehicles: Mutual funds, Hedge funds, unit trusts and SICAVs are formed offshore to facilitate international distribution. By being domiciled in a low tax jurisdiction investors only have to consider the tax implications of their own domicile or residency.
Derivatives and securities trading: Wealthy individuals often form offshore vehicles to engage in risky investments, such as derivatives and global securities trading, which may be extremely difficult to engage in directly onshore due to cumbersome financial markets regulation.
Exchange control trading vehicles: In countries where there is either exchange control or is perceived to be increased political risk with the repatriation of funds, major exporters often form trading vehicles in offshore companies so that the sales from exports can be "parked" in the offshore vehicle until needed for further investment. Trading vehicles of this nature have been criticised in a number of shareholder lawsuits which allege that by manipulating the ownership of the trading vehicle, majority shareholders can illegally avoid paying minority shareholders their fair share of trading profits.
Joint venture vehicles: Offshore jurisdictions are frequently used to set up joint venture companies, either as a compromise neutral jurisdiction (see for example, TNK-BP) and/or because the jurisdiction where the joint venture has its commercial centre has insufficiently sophisticated corporate and commercial laws.
Stock market listing vehicles: Successful companies who are unable to obtain a stock market listing because of the underdevelopment of the corporate law in their home country often transfer shares into an offshore vehicle, and list the offshore vehicle. Offshore vehicles are listed on the NASDAQ, Alternative Investment Market, the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the Singapore Stock Exchange.
Trade finance vehicles: Large corporate groups often form offshore companies, sometimes under an orphan structure to enable them to obtain financing (either from bond issues or by way of a syndicated loan) and to treat the financing as "off-balance-sheet" under applicable accounting procedures. In relation to bond issues, offshore special purpose vehicles are often used in relation to asset-backed securities transactions (particularly securitisations).
Creditor avoidance: Highly indebted persons may seek to escape the effect of bankruptcy by transferring cash and assets into an anonymous offshore company.
Market manipulation: The Enron and Parmalat scandals demonstrated how companies could form offshore vehicles to manipulate financial results.
Tax evasion: Although numbers are difficult to ascertain, it is widely believed that individuals in wealthy nations unlawfully evade tax through not declaring gains made by offshore vehicles that they own. Multinationals including GlaxoSmithKline and Sony have been accused of transferring profits from the higher-tax jurisdictions in which they are made to zero-tax offshore centres.
Many offshore financial centres also provide registrations for ships (notably Bahamas and Panama) or aircraft (notably Aruba, Bermuda and the Cayman Islands). Aircraft are frequently registered in offshore jurisdictions where they are leased or purchased by carriers in emerging markets but financed by banks in major onshore financial centres. The financing institution is reluctant to allow the aircraft to be registered in the carrier's home country (either because it does not have sufficient regulation governing civil aviation, or because it feels the courts in that country would not cooperate fully if it needed to enforce any security interest over the aircraft), and the carrier is reluctant to have the aircraft registered in the financier's jurisdiction (often the United States or the United Kingdom) either because of personal or political reasons, or because they fear spurious lawsuits and potential arrest of the aircraft.
For example, in 2003, state carrier Pakistan International Airlines re-registered its entire fleet in the Cayman Islands as part of the financing of its purchase of eight new Boeing 777s; the U.S. bank refused to allow the aircraft to remain registered in Pakistan, and the airline refused to have the aircraft registered in the United States.
A number of offshore jurisdictions promote the incorporation of captive insurance companies within the jurisdiction to allow the sponsor to manage risk. In more sophisticated offshore insurance markets, onshore insurance companies can also establish an offshore subsidiary in the jurisdiction to reinsure certain risks underwritten by the onshore parent, and thereby reduce overall reserve and capital requirements. Onshore reinsurance companies may also incorporate an offshore subsidiary to reinsure catastrophic risks.
Many offshore jurisdictions specialise in the formation of collective investment schemes, or mutual funds. The market leader is the Cayman Islands, estimated to house about 75% of world's hedge funds and nearly half the industry's estimated $1.1 trillion of assets under management (although statistics in the hedge fund industry are notoriously speculative), followed by Bermuda, although a market shift has meant that a number of hedge funds are now formed in the British Virgin Islands.
Traditionally, a number of offshore jurisdictions offered banking licences to institutions with relatively little scrutiny. International initiatives have largely stopped this practice, and very few offshore financial centres will now issue licences to offshore banks that do not already hold a banking licence in a major onshore jurisdiction. The most recent reliable figures for offshore banks indicates that the Cayman Islands has 285 licensed banks, the Bahamas  has 301. By contrast, the British Virgin Islands only has seven licensed offshore banks.
^ This is the IMF 2007 definition, however, it is almost identical to the general academic definition, and the other FSF–IMF–definitions of an OFC, see § Definitions.
^ a b c Ta-neutral is a term that OFCs use to describe legal structures where the OFC does not levy any taxes, duties or VAT on fund flows into, during, or exiting (e.g. no withholding taxes) the vehicle. Major examples being the Irish Qualifying investor alternative investment fund (QIAIF), and the Cayman Islands SPC.
^ a b c The FSF loosely defines other financial intermediaries as shadow banking; they are more specifically defined by the FSF as: "OFIs comprise all financial institutions that are not central banks, banks, insurance corporations, pension funds, public financial institutions, or financial auxiliaries"
^ From 2010, Hines stated in Treasure Islands that: "Tax havens are also known as "offshore financial centres" or "international financial centers", phrases that may carry slightly different connotations but nevertheless are used almost interchangeably with "tax havens.""
^ a b c "Financial Stability Board 2017 Report: The largest shadow banking centres". Irish Independent. 6 March 2018.
^ a b c d e f g h Damgaard, Jannick; Elkjaer, Thomas; Johannesen, Niels (June 2018). "Piercing the Veil of Tax Havens". International Monetary Fund: Finance & Development Quarterly. 55 (2). The eight major pass-through economies—the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Hong Kong SAR, the British Virgin Islands, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Ireland, and Singapore—host more than 85 percent of the world's investment in special purpose entities, which are often set up for tax reasons.
^ a b Max de Haldevang (11 June 2018). "How tax havens turn economic statistics into nonsense". Quartz (publication). For example, according to the UK Treasury, on the surface it looks like Britain's second-biggest investor is the Netherlands. But the UK Treasury has admitted most of those investments actually consist of British cash that has been sent to Holland for tax purposes and rerouted back home. So, Britain's second biggest foreign investor is itself.
^ a b c "Report from the Working Group on Offshore Centres" (PDF). Financial Stability Forum. 5 April 2000.
^ a b c d "Offshore Financial Centers: IMF Background Paper". International Monetary Fund. 23 June 2000.
^ a b c Andrew K. Rose; Mark M. Spiegel (21 September 2007). "Offshore Financial Centers: Parasites or Symbionts?" (PDF). 117 (523). The Economic Journal: 1310–1335.
^ "TAX CUTS AND JOBS ACT OF 2017 Corporate Tax Reform and Wages: Theory and Evidence" (PDF). Council of Economic Advisors. 17 October 2017. [In the Whitehouse advocating for the TCJA] Applying Hines and Rice's (1994) findings to a statutory corporate rate reduction of 15 percentage points (from 35 to 20 percent) suggests that reduced profit shifting would result in more than $140 billion of repatriated profit based on 2016 numbers.
^ Laurens Booijink; Francis Weyzig (July 2007). "Identifying Tax Havens and Offshore Finance Centres" (PDF). Tax Justice Network and Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations. Various attempts have been made to identify and list tax havens and offshore finance centres (OFCs). This Briefing Paper aims to compare these lists and clarify the criteria used in preparing them.
^ a b c d e f g Javier Garcia-Bernardo; Jan Fichtner; Frank W. Takes; Eelke M. Heemskerk (24 July 2017). "Uncovering Offshore Financial Centers: Conduits and Sinks in the Global Corporate Ownership Network". Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group. 7 (6246).
^ a b James K. Jackson (11 March 2010). "The OECD Initiative on Tax Havens" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. p. 7. As a result of the Bush Administration's efforts, the OECD backed away from its efforts to target "harmful tax practices" and shifted the scope of its efforts to improving exchanges of tax information between member countries.
^ a b Niels Johannesen; Gabriel Zucman (12 October 2012). "THE END OF BANK SECRECY? AN EVALUATION OF THE G20 TAX HAVEN CRACKDOWN" (PDF). Paris School of Economics.
^ "European Commission - PRESS RELEASES - Press release - State aid: Ireland gave illegal tax benefits to Apple worth up to €13 billion". europa.eu. 30 August 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
^ a b "The real Goldfinger: the London banker who broke the world". The Guardian. 7 September 2017.
^ Ronen Palan; Richard Murphy (2010). "Tax Havens and Offshore Financial Centres". Cornell University Press. p. 24. Yet today it is difficult to distinguish between the activities of tax havens and OFCs.
^ Paddy Carter (October 2017). "Why to Development Finance Institutions use OFCs?" (PDF). Overseas Development Institute.
^ Gabriel Zucman (August 2014). "Taxing across Borders: Tracking Personal Wealth and Corporate Profits". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 28 (4): 121–48. doi:10.1257/jep.28.4.121.
^ "BEPS Project Background Brief" (PDF). OECD. January 2017. p. 9. With a conservatively estimated annual revenue loss of USD 100 to 240 billion, the stakes are high for governments around the world. The impact of BEPS on developing countries, as a percentage of tax revenues, is estimated to be even higher than in developed countries.
^ Bershidsky, Leonid (25 July 2018). "Fighting tax dodgers can kill economic growth". Bloomberg.
^ Legitimate asset protection against future political or economic risk should be distinguished from unlawfully attempting to evade creditors; see below.
^ In practice, such attempts are rarely effective. A trustee in bankruptcy will usually have access to all of the debtor's financial records, and will usually have little difficulty tracing where the assets were transferred to. Transfers to defraud creditors are prohibited in most jurisdictions (offshore and onshore) and a bankruptcy trustee usually has little difficulty persuading a local court to nullify the transfer. Despite the poor prognosis for success, applications to courts in offshore jurisdictions seem to indicate that insolvent individuals still try this strategy from time to time, notwithstanding that it is usually a serious criminal offence in both jurisdictions.
^ Morais, Richard C. (28 August 2009). "Illicit Transfer Pricing Endangers Shareholders". Forbes.
^ "PIA pledges its fleet to fake firm". The Times of India. 12 October 2003.
^ 13 of the world's top 40 reinsurers are based in Bermuda, including American International Underwriters Group, HSBC Insurance Solutions, XL Capital Limited and ACE Limited.
^ Muspratt, Caroline (12 September 2006). "Hiscox to be domiciled in 'favourable' Bermuda". The Daily Telegraph. London.
^ "They Cayman, They Saw, They Conquered". Institutional Investor. 4 May 2006. Archived from the original on 10 March 2007.
^ Not treating Switzerland (with 500) as an offshore financial centre for these purposes.


Home Articles Everyday Porrada, Nutella BJJ – What Does It All Mean?
Everyday Porrada, Nutella BJJ – What Does It All Mean?
Just like any other sport, BJJ is prone to certain streams of thought and inside "movements". While they might not be movements per se, they're certainly trends. Sometimes, these trends tend to develop into mainstays, redefining the world of Jiu-Jitsu,.On other occasions, they come and go, sometimes making a boom and sometimes completely unnoticed. One of those trends that recently got worldwide grappling attention is the concept of everyday porrada. What exactly does this mean, and why is it such a big deal lately? Let's look at some of the facts behind yet another fun and probably completely unnecessary BJJ trend.
Whether you choose to ignore or accept it, everyday porrada is a term most people involved in BJJ have heard at one point or another during the past year. It is another one in the line of stuff that seems to spread like wildfire. One such example is the Shaka hand gesture, which every grappler is guilty of doing at least once. It is one of the trends that stuck and seems to be here to stay. Another one is belt whipping during promotions, albeit highly controversial and, today, condemned by most. Other BJJ trends never really caught on, regardless if they were gestures, competition format attempts or just everyday phrases that get a hashtag. So far, everyday porrada got worldwide exposure thanks to social media. But is it here to stay? Will it influence the grappling world deeply? Only time will tell.
The man behind the everyday porrada movement is no other than Romulo Barral. He is into the man that came up with it but is the one that gave it a BJJ perspective. the thing to understand is that for Romulo, everyday porrada is a way of life. it stems from the Brazilian concept of porrada, which many BJJ academies implement. To English speaking grapplers, though, the phrase was largely unknown until 2018. To be more precise, until May 5, 2018.
The way everyday porrada escaped Brazil and gained worldwide notoriety is because of the AC BJJ Invitational event. They organized a matchup between Romulo and AJ Souza, which ended up being a barn burner. After the match, Robert Drysdale, who was interviewing Barral, asked him about his amazing performance. That's the first time Romulo dropped the everyday porrada phrase. "The secret is to train hard every day. Everyday Porrada and nothing else!" – Romulo told Drysdale. That was all it took for the phrase to spread like wildfire. Well, that and the fact that it was now clear what many Brazilian top competitors have been using as a hashtag for years.
Porrada is actually an everyday term in Brazil. Loosely translated, it means "brawling". In terms of Jiu-Jitsu, it has to do with the intensity with which a match or a roll takes place. Porrada is a common term in BJJ in Brazil and has to do with training all out whenever you step on the mats. it is a phrase that motivates grapplers to grind hard every day and giving their all. Imagine an academy full of killer competitors. They go at it as hard as possible, never taking a round off, nothing but high-intensity Jiu-Jitsu. It's a world champion molding experience for sure! However, Romulo's modern take on it is slightly different.
Everyday porrada means taking the porrada mindset and applying it to every aspect of your life. In this sense, the "movement" or trend is a positive one and is aimed at BJJ as a lifestyle. it is about living the "modern Samurai" way and improving the quality of your life through Jiu-Jitsu principles. Basically, it means stop complaining and start doing more of what you want.
Many of the world famous BJJ academies that are real champion factories subscribe to the everyday porrada way of thinking. to them, it certainly is a way of life, as opposed to only the latest BJJ trendy movement. Some of those academies include Alliance, Checkmate, Unity etc. Big-name competitors include the likes of Fabricio Werdum, Cobrinha, Fabio Gurgel and plenty of others. The trouble with it, though, is that using it without living it really offends those who swear by it. Like Renzo Gracie for example.
Renzo had his take on the subject as well. He is the man that is behind the "Nutella BJJ" phrase, which is the complete opposite to everyday porrada. Vagner Rocha, who is one of the top competitors, and a real testament to porrada training was actually the first accused of Nutella BJJ. The accuser is no other than Renzo Gracie, one of the true everyday porrada OGs.
While warming up for ADCC, Rocha asked Enrico Cocco to help him warm up by flow rolling. The flow roll made Renzo react in true Gracie fashion, asking what they were doing? After Rocha's initial response that it's a warmup, Renzo angrily walked away claiming he is not a fan of Nutella Jiu-Jitsu. Later on, he explained that Nutella is fake chocolate and he doesn't like it. The analogy was that Rocha's way fo training, even as a warm-up, was unacceptable. According to Renzo the roots of Jiu-Jitsu are in porrada, or the real chocolate, in his Nutella analogy.
The Best BJJ Gi 2019 – Updated!