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Beating Cancer and Giving Hope
Sara is a breast cancer survivor, and now she's inspiring others by giving hope.
After Sara finished her treatment, her stepmother-in-law gave her a bracelet with the word HEALTH. Sara wears it daily. In her words, "It became a part of me." It gives that extra bit of support and encouragement. After seeing how much it helped her, Sara knew others would benefit.
Sara bought a MyIntent Maker Kit and became a Maker. She started out making HEALTH bracelets for a couple other cancer survivors "so they could feel strong and healthy." Then she got asked to make bracelets for newly diagnosed friends of friends. Sara was happy to give these messages of hope, bravery, and support.
Empowered by her Maker kit, Sara saw the potential to touch even more people. Rays of Hope is a breast cancer charity in her town. Along with another survivor, Sara formed a team to raise money for them. And she knew just the perfect way to raise money. Sara made over 200 bracelets stamped words like BALANCE, STRENGTH, LOVE, and HOPE.
"We reached out to over 200 people within our small little community with these bracelets and these intentions. We put them out in the universe for all to enjoy. And we raised over $2,000 for our local charity doing that."
Sara didn't envision the potential at the beginning. "I ordered the Maker Kit on a whim not knowing what I was going to do with it." The way she's been able to touch others through this has been the greatest gift of all.
"This is such an amazing—you can call it a program or product—the whole purpose behind it is just amazing. I was so grateful to my stepmother-in-law to introduce me to this without even realizing where it could take me."
When life is hard, sometimes an unexpected source of strength and hope comes into our lives. These moments that fortify your strength are also the moments that gift others that source of hope and health. How can you forward your cause or gift your strength to others? Check out our Maker Kit to gift your strength to your community!
SHOP MAKER KIT


Registration cost is $20 per family. The age range for Children's Church is strictly 5 - 12 years of age.
Please follow these instructions to complete the registration. You may wish to make a copy of these instructions before you proceed.
Register your family on the page titled "Family Administrator Details"
To add additional children, use the green "Add a Family Member" button.
Use the green "Make Payment" button to pay for your Children's Church registration.


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WIRES Supporting ARC in Emergency Response Capacity Building
WIRES has announced $420,000 in funding for Animal Rescue Cooperative (ARC) to help improve national emergency response capabilities and provide national assistance to the wildlife rescue and rehabilitation sector.
This grant is building on the support provided in the aftermath of 19/20 summer bushfires and drought. WIRES worked closely with ARC to distribute tonnes of food, medical and craft supplies, to wildlife rescuers in fire affected communities.
ARC has an established national network that has quickly grown in its ability to manage large scale emergency response including complex logistics in getting critical supplies and equipment to wildlife carers across the country. Currently there are 23 ARC HUBS that will be receiving assistance. The grant will cover national wildlife food support, the purchase and distribution of essential rescue equipment and supplies, as well as increasing wildlife emergency response capability nationally across all hubs.
"We believe our collective impact will improve outcomes for wildlife long-term," said WIRES CEO Leanne Taylor. "ARC's ability to move quickly and effectively in emergency situations is vital and through our collaboration we can increase capacity for national emergency response."
An additional $19,000 has also been provided to ARC for much needed equipment following the recent Western Australian fires.
Alli Cairns, National Emergency Coordinator at ARC says "ARC and WIRES were engaged early in last year's emergencies. From day one we asked, 'how can we help' and the partnership continues to deliver outcomes for rescuers and animals nationally."
"Resilience and building capability is vital. The support of major donors and WIRES has meant we can have emergency response equipment, rescue and rehabilitation equipment and supplies, and evacuation assistance ready for wildlife rescuers, along with our work assisting sanctuaries to prepare and plan for bushfires."
Michelle Jones who heads up the WA team says "This was tested when the Perth fires hit. ARC and WIRES already had equipment and food on the ground and a plan in delivery before the first day was out."
"This is what real action looks like and we are grateful for the support of WIRES and it is donors for making this happen."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The cord juts out on the current model in a not-so-subtle way that makes it prone to break.
A. This version would wrap the cord around a middle groove.
B. The cord coming out would be angled in such a way that it never needs to point in any other direction.


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Cammie King, właściwie Eleanore Cammack King (ur. 5 sierpnia 1934 w Los Angeles, zm. 1 września 2010 w Fort Bragg) – amerykańska aktorka dziecięca.

Życiorys
W Przeminęło z wiatrem zagrała rolę córki Scarlett O'Hara i Rhetta Butlera – Bonnie. Była to jej jedyna większa rola. Oprócz tego pojawiła się jedynie (niewymieniona w czołówce) w filmie Blondie Meets the Boss (1939) i użyczyła głosu postaci Felince w disneyowskiej kreskówce Bambi (1942).

Ukończyła studia dziennikarskie, a następnie pracowała jako redaktorka i szefowa muzeum.

Zmarła na raka płuc.

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Filmografia na TvTome

Amerykańskie aktorki dziecięce
Ludzie urodzeni w Los Angeles
Pochowani w Kalifornii
Urodzeni w 1934
Zmarli w 2010

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


What I did during my summer vacation.
Here is a quick recap of my coast-to-coast motorcycle trip with my brother Don. We traveled from the Pacific to the Atlantic in just over two weeks. We traveled over 4400 miles and had a great time. As you might imagine, I took a few photos. I decided to post a few here, but there were so many great shots and some good stories to go with them that I've decided to create a new blog just for the trip. I'll narrate a bit more and show more of the places we visited.
Until then, here is a taste of our adventure.
July 3rd - Ocean Beach, CA. Lots of fog, but we had to record our start at the Pacific!
July 4th, Day 1 - Piedmont, CA to Mammoth Lakes, CA.
Day one's destination, Mammoth Lakes.
Day 2 - Mammoth to Vegas.
Death Valley is just over the ridge to my right. We passed a sign for a town called "Mercury".
Day 3 - Las Vegas to Grand Canyon.
I awoke to raisins and sheep.
Don with his old Peace Corps buddy Ron who hosted us in Las Vegas.
Standing on a corner in Kingman Arizona... OK, not quite Winslow, but as close as we would get!
Day three's destination, The Grand Canyon.
We took a walk on the south rim to watch the sunset.
This was home for two nights.
This flag looked so vivid against the blue sky. Don patiently waits as I shoot about 100 photos.
Our route took us by the "Four Corners" monument where Utah, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona meet. Obligatory tourist photo. "Look, I'm in 4 states at once!"
We set up camp in Mesa Verde then took a ride through the park.
Finally getting back to a little elevation. Some cliff dwellings. Looks comfy.
Day 6 was a short ride to Ouray, CO. This was the morning view from Mesa Verde.
It's hard to concentrate on riding when there is so much beautiful scenery to take in.
Ouray, CO, nestled in the "Alps of the United States".
but my bad knee was just not up to the challenge.
Day 7 - Ouray to Raton New Mexico.
We stopped for a quick photo at the Continental Divide.
We stopped for the night in Raton, NM. Nothing to see here.
Day 8 - Raton, NM to Sallisaw, OK.
Hottest day of the trip with a bank sign in reading 113 degrees in Seiling, Oklahoma. It was also the longest so far at over 500 miles. I didn't take a single picture that day.
Day 9 - Sallisaw, OK to Jasper, Arkansas.
Here is a cool little roadside bar at the AK/OK border. One door for each state!
We rode down to Hot Springs and walked around the city.
I wish it were COLD water. Too hot outside for a hot bath or shower.
The architecture of these old spas was really something.
After lunch, it was time to head north on route 7 and through the Ozark National Forest.
It turned out to be a really nice scenic ride.
As the shadows grew longer, we decided to stop in the small town of Jasper. Ever wonder what a $40 hotel room in Arkansas looks like? All kidding aside, the room was great and the people of Jasper were friendly and accommodating.
I haven't had a room key like this in years!
Day 10 - Jasper to Memphis, TN.
The famous room where artists from Elvis to U2 have recorded.
It's still an active studio to this day!
Of course we ended the evening on Beale Street listening to some authentic blues.
Day 11 - Memphis to Maryville, TN.
You never know what you'll find on the back roads. This was a replica of the "General Lee" from the "Dukes of Hazzard" TV show. Sadly, Daisy was nowhere to be found.
Day 12 - Maryville to Greeneville, TN.
We headed south toward the Smoky Mt. National Park and on the way decided to ride "The Dragon", route 129. It is a famous and very curvy stretch of road that lures riders from all over the country. We stopped at Deals Gap for a couple of photos and a cup of coffee.
This is the "Tree of Shame" where riders have built a sort of shrine out of motorcycle parts damaged or lost while crashing on the Dragon.
I want to know the story behind the Big Wheel up there! Day 13 - Johnson City, TN and arrival at the BMW MOA Rally.
We arrived at the fairgrounds after lunch and waited in line to register. It was pretty crowded, but the line moved along pretty well. Once we got on site, we rode around looking for a suitable camping space. Most of the good high ground was already packed, so we rode toward the edge of the fairgrounds and found a nice spot.
Don makes himself at home.
Looked like a record crowd showed up this year!
The view from my suite. Day 14 - Day trip to Virginia.
We woke in the morning to a thunderstorm, but it cleared out in time for breakfast and a day ride up to Virginia. Don wanted to find the "Carter Family Fold". Our GPS units, which had behaved pretty well during the trip, finally lost it... And us. Several times. They tried to take us down narrow dirt roads and kept getting confused. We stopped at a little roadside store for directions and found out we were close.
Don sits outside the store with a flyer advertising a show.
We found it! Pretty cool place.
This is the stage inside. They still have weekly concerts here. This was also the stage where Johnny Cash performed his last show before his death in 2003. We passed this old train car on the way to the Carter place.
I HAD to stop and get some shots. I could have photographed that thing all day! day 15 - Johnson City, TN to Jacksonville, FL.
Time for me to head home. Don would stay on the road a few more days and head to Jax on Wed. I rode a little over 500 miles and made it to the house before a big thunderstorm hit.
When Don arrived, we hopped on the bikes and rode down Beach Blvd to the Atlantic for the official "End of the journey" photo. Caryn met us down there and took some great shots.
Beth grabs a pic with Don's camera.
End of the road. We did it!
Where do we ride next?


Widimsky, P; Wijns, W; Fajadet, J; de Belder, M; Knot, J; Aaberge, L; Andrikopoulos, G; Baz, J A; Betriu, A; Claeys, M; Danchin, N; Djambazov, S; Erne, P; Hartikainen, J; Huber, K; Kala, P; Klinceva, M; Kristensen, S D; Ludmann, P; Mauri Ferre, J; Merkley, B; Milicic, D; Morais, J; Noc, M; Opolski, G; Ostojic, M; Radovanovic, D; De Servi, S; Stenestrand, U; Studencan, M; Tubaro, M; Vasiljevic, Z; Weidinger, F; Witkowski, A; Zeymer, U (2010). Reperfusion therapy for ST elevation acute myocardial infarction in Europe: description of the current situation in 30 countries. European Heart Journal, 31(8):943-957.
This list was generated on Sat Apr 20 18:36:23 2019 CEST.


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Northern Ireland white Christmas odds
Cycling through the snowy conditions on Divis Mountain 'Photo Colm Lenaghan/Pacemaker Press
Andrew Quinn
Published: 17:14 Friday 02 December 2016
Bookmakers believe a white Christmas is more likely to happen in Northern Ireland than it is in other parts of the United Kingdom.
Snow must fall on Belfast International Airport in order for it to be an official white Christmas in Northern Ireland.
Ladbrokes are currently offering odds of 3/1 for a white Christmas in Northern Ireland while cities like London, which are further south, are 4/1.
The last time there was a white Christmas in the United Kingdom was in 2009 and the last one before that was in 2004.


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Nigeria Police speak on Jungle Justice incidents in Lagos
August 11, 2017 Ben Ezeamalu
Lagos State Police Commissioner, Fatai Owoseni
The Police in Lagos have warned residents of the state against subjecting suspected criminals to jungle justice.
Fatai Owoseni, the state police commissioner, in a statement on Friday warned that those found involved in the "unlawful and barbaric act" would be prosecuted.
"There is no justification for jungle justice on suspected persons," Mr. Owoseni said.
"It is barbaric and uncivilized. It is a manifestation of the erosion of our moral values and a disregard to sanctity of human lives. It violates the rule of law and dents the image of the State.
"Above all, it is a violation of the law, and all those arrested in connection with the aforementioned cases will be made to face the full wrath of the law."
At least three acts of jungle justice were recorded across Lagos in the past one week, with angry residents threatening to attack security agents who attempted to stop them.
On Tuesday, two alleged kidnappers were set ablaze at Ajala Bus Stop, Ijaiye-Ojokoro along the Lagos-Abeokuta Expressway, with some nearby buildings vandalized.
Two days later, armed police officers battled to stop a mob attempting to lynch an alleged kidnapper accused of disguising as a destitute at Ile-Zik, along the same expressway.
On Friday, another destitute who appeared to be mentally deranged was set ablaze by a mob on the allegation that he possessed a telephone.
"It is necessary to mention that in the course of the disdainful acts, vital evidence are destroyed," said Mr. Owoseni.
"In addition, in the course of discharging its constitutional responsibilities and prevent the barbaric act, Police officers were fatally wounded, while stones were hurled at them as well as Police Patrol Vans. However, a number of arrests were made in this regard.
"The foregoing has made it imperative that the general public be reminded of the provisions of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999) as amended which states thus:
'It shall be the duty of every citizen to respect the dignity of other citizens and the rights and legitimate interests of others and live in unity and harmony and in the spirit of common brotherhood.'
'No person shall be subjected to torture or inhuman or degrading treatment.'"
The police chief urged members of the public to report any suspicious happening in their areas to the Police and other security agencies.
"The public is assured of the renewed commitment of the Police and other security agencies to prompt response to such reports," Mr. Owoseni said.
"The public is also assured of renewed synergy amongst the institutions saddled with criminal justice administration towards ensuring quick dispensation of justice."
Ben Ezeamalu
Ben Ezeamalu is an Assistant Managing Editor and the Head of Lagos Operations/Metro Editor at PREMIUM TIMES. A graduate of Microbiology from the University of Jos, Ben won the 2015 Africa Fact-Check Awards and was a runner-up in the 2014 CNN/Multichoice African Journalists of the Year.
Twitter: @callmebenfigo.
Gunmen kill Senator Abbo's uncle, abduct nursing stepmother
11,651 Katsina indigenes apply for police jobs
Kaduna Assembly rejects commissioner-nominee who criticised El-Rufai
Group tackles malnutrition with N11 billion in Jigawa, Zamfara
Court remands businesswoman for defamation, biting friend
PDP alleges it defeated APC with 33000 votes in Katsina
Killing of Fasoranti's Daughter: Don't blame us when we react — Gani Adams
NSCDC to deploy 1,500 personnel to farmlands to ensure security


"Brilliantly relevant, playful, and compassionate." –Abby Hanlon, author of Dory Fantasmagory A princess and a revolutionary form an unexpected friendship in this charming, illustrated chapter-book series, perfect for fans of Judy Moody and Clementine! Princess Miranda does not want to go to school. She wants to shoe shop, plan parties, and decorate the castle. Maude cannot wait for school. She loves rules and social justice and getting good grades. She also loves hard-boiled eggs, much to Mirandas dismay. When a tense first week of school results in Maude getting excluded from the Royal Birthday Party, Maude decides shes found her first fight for social justice: a birthday boycott. This hilarious, heartfelt chapter-book series teaches empathy, and reminds us that your very best friend could be one desk away.


When used by beauty professionals, the Scalar VL-7EX video microscope enhances the client's understanding of the specific characteristics of their skin and identifies sun damage they may not be apparent to the naked eye. Effective treatment and services performed can be verified with before-and-after comparisons that are achieved by archiving video images to printers or VCRs atached to the instruments. Freeze-frame, Two-image replay, and Split-screen Views: With the VL-7EX video one or two images can be "frozen" and captured on the screen with the touch of a button. If two images are captured, they can be displayed on the screen in two different ways. One way is to display each image on the full screen and flip back and forth between the two. This allows for excellent comparative views of two images. The other way to display two images is with a split-screen feature that allows both captured images to appear next to each other on one screen at the same time. Physicians and estheticians distinguish themselves from their competition by providing superior services to their clients. The Scalar VL-7EX video microscope allows these professionals to more fully analyze and treat the variety of skin conditions encountered in their practices. The VL-7EX will further enhance client confidence in the recommended skin care regimens. The VL-7EX video microscope has the capacity to view both surface and sub-surface conditions when polarized lenses are used. Polarized lenses come in 30X and 50X powers. Compatibilty with Output Devices: The VL-7EX has a composite video signal that is compatible with all standard computer and video output devices, including printers, monitors, and Video Cassette Recorders.


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Gazzada Schianno es una localidad y comune italiana de la provincia de Varese, región de Lombardía, con 4.653 habitantes.

Evolución demográfica

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página web oficial de Gazzada Schianno (en italiano)

Localidades de la provincia de Varese


The Crompton Lamps Crompton Lamps LED G80 Spiral Filament Antique 6W dimmable 2200K ES-E27 is designed for retrofit replacement of incandescent lamps and are particularly attractive for decorative lighting. They are compatible with fixtures with an E27 holder and are available in extra warm white. LED lamps deliver huge energy savings and minimize maintenance cost and could save you up to 90% on energy alone.


Manchester United legend Paul Scholes had announced his retirement at the end of the 2010-11 season having won the Premier League title and played in the final of the Champions League where United were defeated by a Lionel Messi powered FC Barcelona.
Six months later, with United in crisis in central midfield, Scholes came out of retirement, famously turning up at the Carrington, having purchased his boots from a local sports shop. He played for another season and a half for the club and retired at the very top at the close of the 2012-13 season with another Premier League medal strapped around his neck.
Note: This list excludes players who moved to China or the Middle East during their peak years on a lucrative contract.
In January 2015, Major League Soccer club Los Angeles Galaxy announced the signing of Liverpool FC icon Steven Gerrard on an 18 month 'Designated Player' contract reportedly worth $9 million.
He made his MLS debut in July 2015 and was named in the MLS All-Star roster following his stellar performances, scoring one and setting up another for former Liverpool teammate Robbie Keane against the San Jose Earthquakes which resulted in a 5-2 victory for Galaxy.
He scored another goal, the winner against FC Dallas, across 13 appearances in the regular MLS season. However, the Galaxy were eliminated from the MLS Cup by Seattle Sounders.
In the 2016 MLS season, Gerrard made 21 appearances, scoring 3 goals as LA Galaxy crashed out of the MLS Cup playoffs in a penalty shootout loss to the Colorado Rapids in November. A week later, Gerrard announced that he'd be leaving the club when his contract expired. Later that month, Gerrard announced his retirement from the game.
He is presently the manager of the Scottish Premiership Club Rangers.


In a bypass, artificial tubes (grafts) are placed near a section of the blood vessel that is blocked or narrowed. The graft creates a path so that blood can move around the blockage. In this case, the grafts are placed on the aorta, and the iliac or femoral arteries.
The aorta is the major artery that leaves the heart. It brings oxygen-rich blood to the body. At about the level of the belly button, the aorta divides into two iliac arteries. At the level of the groin, the iliac arteries become the femoral arteries.
Aortofemoral bypass is also called aortobifemoral bypass. This is because the graft is formed in the shape of an upside down "y."
Most bypass surgery involves a traditional, open incision. Research is being done on how to do these operations through laparoscopic or mini-laparotomy techniques. They use much smaller incisions.
Artificial grafts create a path so that blood can move around the blockage.
This surgery can restore blood flow to the legs.
Ankle-brachial index—This test compares the blood pressure measurements in your arms and legs. These numbers should be very similar. If the numbers for your legs are much lower than those for your arms, this suggests a blockage in the arteries that carry blood through your legs.
Doppler ultrasound —This test uses sound waves to examine the blood flow in your arteries. It can determine which arteries are blocked.
Angiography —Dye is injected into your arteries and x-ray pictures of your legs are taken. Because the dye will not be able to flow through areas narrowed or blocked by plaque, the specific location of blockages will be identified. Other types of minimally invasive angiography currently used also include CT angiography and MR angiography .
Arrange for help at home after you return from the hospital.
Arrange to have someone drive you home when you leave the hospital.
General anesthesia is used for this surgery. You will be asleep.
Epidural anesthesia may be added. It will numb your body from the chest down.
A large incision will be made in your abdomen. The muscles around your abdomen will be cut. To get to the blood vessels, some organs will need to be carefully moved out of the way.
Blood flow through the vessels will be briefly stopped. Clamps will be placed on either side of the blocked area to stop blood flow. The graft will be sewn into place. One end of the graft will be attached to the aorta just above the blockage. The other end will be attached just after the blockage on the femoral or iliac arteries.
The clamps will be removed. The doctor will watch to make sure there is good blood flow through the graft. Your internal organs will be put back into place. The abdominal muscles will be pulled together. The muscles will be stitched closed. The skin incision will be closed with either sutures or staples.
After the surgery, you will be brought to a recovery room. The tube in your throat may be removed, or it may need to stay in for a few days. The epidural anesthesia may also be continued for a few days. You will be monitored for any adverse reactions to the surgery or anesthesia.
The usual length of stay is 5-7 days. The length will depend on your overall health and the speed of your recovery. Your doctor may choose to keep you longer if complications arise.
You will need to spend 1-2 days in bed after your operation.
You will be monitored carefully in the intensive care unit (ICU). You may be there for 1-2 days as needed.
An incentive spirometer, will be used every couple of hours during the day. This will keep your lungs as open as possible and help to avoid pneumonia .
A nasogastric (NG) tube may be placed during the operation. The tube is placed into your nose and down to your stomach. Your intestines often stop functioning normally after the surgery. You will not be able to eat anything by mouth until they begin to function again. The NG tube will then be removed. You will slowly progress from a liquid diet, to a soft foods diet, and finally to a regular diet.
You may also be given daily medications to help avoid blood clots.
Recovery can take up to 6 weeks. Expect to see dramatic improvement in your overall ability to walk or exercise. When you return home, you will need to keep the wound clean to prevent infection. Pain can be managed with medications. You may be referred to a physical therapist to maintain or rebuild strength.
Aortofemoral bypass surgery. UCSF Department of Surgery website. Available at: https://vascular.surgery.ucsf.edu/conditions--procedures/aortofemoral-bypass-surgery.aspx. Accessed November 30, 2017.
Surgical bypass for aortoiliac occlusive disease. Society for Vascular Surgery website. Available at: https://vascular.org/patient-resources/vascular-treatments/surgical-bypass-aortoiliac-occlusive-disease. Accessed November 30, 2017.


10 Deadly Habits is back on track with the fourth "deadly" habit. Have you been enjoying your summer? I hope so, because it's well on its way out the door, and autumn is in the air. For many of you, the kids are back in school, and for the younger crowd, you yourself are returning to the halls and classes which will envelope your schedule for the rest of the year. In light of all this responsibility, this next DEADLY habit seems suitable.
You need to make a bedtime routine and stick to it. This includes showering, brushing teeth, going to bed and the like, in order to get your body accustomed to it, since only then (will it will) be able to send you signals that you are ready for sleep.
The best way to prevent ignorance is through education. Trite, but true. Readers don't know what you don't tell them, and change doesn't happen without clear steps to implement.
4. Set a bedtime routine.
Sleep may come easily when we are young – especially for teenagers who sometimes can sleep all day if allowed. However, as we age, every-day stress and anxiety can play a significant roll in disrupting our sleep. Sleep doctors recommend a variety of methods for promoting a healthy sleep schedule, as stated in Healthy Sleep. A few ways we can do this is to maintain a regular sleep/wake schedule, even on weekends and vacations, get at least 7 hours of sleep, establish a relaxing bedtime routine, such as read, drinking caffeine-free tea, shutting off phones, tvs, and other distractions, and avoiding large meals before bed. If you are looking for more ways to improve your schedule, Sleep Education has a lot to say on the matter.
I personally like to be in bed between 10:30 and 11:30pm. Now my fiance has a terrible weekend schedule, because he wants to stay up all night long, but he can sleep at the drop of a hat, so go figure.


Numerica also used to specialize in service recovery (correcting issues and errors). This recovery provided the credit union with great service marks, but this approach stressed out staff and was not a productive long-term strategy.
Today, the silos are gone. Numerica is aligned at all levels with an organizational framework: i.e. core purpose, five-year goal, strategic priorities, and measures. Those aspects are disseminated to the departments that have their own aligned goals, strategies, and measures – which are then disseminated to the individuals. Subsequently, the individual is connected to the department and the department is connected to the organization.
Instead of having one person leading all projects, now there are cross-functional and multi-level teams made up of experts on the topics, and internal consultants who add technical expertise to certain parts of the project, such as compliance, accounting, etc. This structure has given all impacted stakeholders real input, which has created employee excitement and ownership and resulted in higher quality output.
With these teams today, Numerica has moved the performance-impact needle. Last year, out of 21 organizational wide projects and 94 department projects, only two had minor reworks after completion. "Having a voice and a seat at the table has ignited our organization like never before," Altepeter says.
As a result, the credit union is streamlining processes, adopting new systems and technology, and launching a rebranding campaign. Last year, for instance, Altepeter and her staff restructured the organization, completed 115 projects, hired 42 employees, and grew loans 21% (loans only grew 7.1% in 2011). Because of these successes, Numerica also met or exceeded 10 of its 12 critical measures for 2012. "Before our measures were usually good, but these were great!" she says.


As part of our Religious Education learning, Charlotte Richards from Inspirasian Dance, came in today for a Divali Workshop Day. All of the classes had a session with her, building upon their understanding of dance as a way of telling the story of Ram and Sita – the story that Divali celebrates. The children had a brilliant time, learnt a huge amount, and threw themselves into it just like our children always do.


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Home/Dodgers Rumors
Dodgers' Scott Boras relationship could poison key extension talks
By Adam Weinrib
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA - OCTOBER 11: Julio Urias #7 of the Los Angeles Dodgers pitches during the third inning in game one of the National League Division Series against the San Diego Padres at Dodger Stadium on October 11, 2022 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images) /
Not everyone loves super-agent Scott Boras' folksy metaphors and outlandish comparisons as much as the baseball media typically does during the Winter Meetings.
In fact, it now seems safe to say the Dodgers' future has been dictated in part by which stars are represented by Boras, and which have sought other counsel. In an approximation of the man's own words, the Dodgers' have executed a more impressive Boras ouster than the British parliament.
Ken Rosenthal's Athletic notes column from Monday morning was full of juiced-up nuggets for Dodgers fans, once again winking at the team's potential pursuit of Jacob deGrom/Justin Verlander by reminding everyone how much Andrew Friedman's group loves short-term, high-AAV deals (Verlander and the Dodgers are reportedly meeting this week).
Equally as important, though, Rosenthal colored in the unofficial line in the sand between Friedman and Boras, noting that the two sides haven't done business on a multi-year deal since … ever.
The last Boras-Dodgers "mega-contract" was a relatively tame pact for Hyun-Jin Ryu back in 2012 under previous stewardship. LA bid for Gerrit Cole back in 2019, but reportedly came up well short.
That means Brandon Nimmo and Carlos Correa are pipe dreams. It also means that Julio Urías, a Boras client and the only thing that still resembles rotation stability in Los Angeles, might be headed the way of the dinosaur, Cody Bellinger and Corey Seager soon enough.
Cody Bellinger is poised to cash in at age 27. But Scott Boras doesn't appear to want his client to ink a multi-year deal.
"Bellinger is uniquely positioned to take advantage of the shortage in the market," @Ken_Rosenthal writes.https://t.co/EwQ4qyoQrr
— The Athletic MLB (@TheAthleticMLB) November 21, 2022
Dodgers let Cody Bellinger, Corey Seager walk due to Scott Boras ties?
Huh. No wonder the Dodgers obliterated his previous innings cap back in 2021.
Urías might be in Los Angeles for a good time … but not a long time unless he switches representation. In terms of Boras-based Dodgers losses, this one might slot in right behind the departure of Seager, who certainly earned the right to be a Forever Dodger with his 2020 postseason, cost be damned.
Might it someday be a bad idea to be paying a mid-30s Seager $32.5 million annually? Of course, but it isn't right now, during the shortstop's 30-homer peak. The Dodgers are one of very few teams that would be able to weather a storm like Seager's expensive later years, and they might've been willing to do so for someone other than Boras.
It's unclear where the wedge was first formed between the two warring factions, but it's served as a pretty clear line of demarcation so far. While Urías is a different beast — not boom-or-bust, but remarkably consistent — Boras will look to sell 27-year-old (!) next offseason as one of baseball's best pitchers, a comforting blanket during otherwise-daunting matchups with others teams' aces.
The Dodgers will counter, expressing their doubt that Urías can keep this up into old age without overwhelming swing-and-miss stuff, claiming they'd rather drop one of their beloved short-term deals on a flamethrower instead.
In the end, it's likely the sides will part, unable to find an agreement on equal value for Boras' client and the Dodgers' rotation's version of the Calm App. Don't say we didn't warn you. The writing's on the wall.
Dodgers News: Jacob deGrom, free agent pitching market, Scott Boras
The Los Angeles Dodgers will be active in 2022-23's free agent market, and must be growing more confident of signing Jacob deGrom by the day.


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Valerie Taylor: Playing With Sharks
August 23, 2021 July 2, 2021 by Jane Freebury
PG, 94 minutes
To be fair, a fear of sharks is sound as far as phobias go. If a shark appears, who has the presence of mind to decide it belongs to the great majority that aren't a danger to humans? Getting the hell out of the water is the sensible option.
How much worse is our primal fear for having watched Jaws? Of for seeing Blue Water, White Death, the American documentary that came before it?
Jaws was a setback for sharks, according to views expressed in this richly informed new documentary from director Sally Aitken. The documentarian has directed episodes of recent fine television series like David Stratton: A Cinematic Life and The Pacific: In the Wake of Captain Cook with Sam Neill.
The subject of Aitken's doco, Valerie Taylor, provided content for both Jaws and Blue Water, White Death, films that famously sensationalized the danger posed by sharks.
She was a daring diver, the real deal underwater, until a fishing trip in pursuit of great white sharks turned her into a passionate advocate for shark protection and marine conservation.
She wasn't on the fishing trip. It was Ron Taylor, her husband, who witnessed the slaughter of a large number of great white sharks. It upset the couple so much that it was a turning point and they became passionate marine conservationists.
Valerie Taylor is still with us now. In her mid-80s and as forthright as ever as an advocate for the underwater world.
If Valerie could be in the frame for footage with more drama and danger, all the better
The diving life had begun in her hometown of Sydney in the 1950s. She was the blonde in a homemade bikini who became a champion spear fisher and appeared on the covers of magazines. When she teamed up with her husband, Ron, a world champion spearfisherman and filmmaker, there was only a handful of people anywhere in the world who were shooting underwater.
The television networks in Australia were demanding footage with more drama, and more danger. If Valerie could be in the frame, all the better.
When Steven Spielberg decided he wanted the live shark action in Jaws filmed first, he made contact with the famous scuba-diving couple, the Taylors. They were commissioned to supply footage of great white sharks that was consistent with monsters of the deep.
They then had to improvise. The great whites off Port Lincoln in South Australia were only 13 feet long, considerably shorter than the 25-foot creatures required by the script.
Resulting, unplanned footage was so extraordinary that Spielberg put it in his film, Jaws
Valerie recalls that they had models made for the shark cage that were half the size of adult humans.
During filming, a great white savagely attacked a cage that was empty at the time. The resulting, unplanned footage was so extraordinary that Spielberg put it in his film, allowing for the character played by Richard Dreyfuss to escape with his life.
One of the most rivetting scenes in Playing With Sharks are of the dive the Taylors made outside a cage, swimming among great whites. It was the first time this had ever been attempted anywhere in the world.
As Valerie recalls, they did whatever they could to make a living out of what they loved to do. She was the whippet slim blonde whose exploits appeared in magazines. Her husband was the cinematographer there to record them for posterity.
It's easy to imagine that the determination that helped Valerie overcome polio as a 12-year-old helped spur her on to be daring and give things a go. Perhaps her love of reading Mark Twain adventures also helped with her can-do attitude.
During production, director Aitken had access to the extensive Taylor archive. Interviews with experts have also been assembled to testify to the significance of the Taylors' achievements. It is quite a story.
A couple of generations may have watched the ridiculously successful blockbuster Jaws since 1975, but the scenes of Valerie on a recent visit to Fiji might help allay a few fears.
There she is, in pink wetsuit with coloured ribbon in her hair, beneath a swirling pack of bull sharks, a species returning in greater numbers to Oceania. It's an awesome sight and a great outcome for the inspiring conservationist.
Of the 400 or so species of shark, only 5 to 6 types may bite you. As Valerie Taylor asserts, you don't wander around New York City worrying about King Kong.
First published in the Canberra Times on 20 June 2021. Jane's reviews also appear on Rotten Tomatoes
Categories Film Reviews Tags 4 Stars, Film Review, Valerie Taylor Playing With Sharks, Ron Taylor, Sally Aitken, Steven Spielberg, Jaws, Blue Water White Death Post navigation
Heroic Losers
My Zoe


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Laser Based – Open Path Gas Detection Common Queries:
Open Path vs. Fixed Point Gas Detection
Open Path vs. Point Gas Detection
Comparison between technology types
There are a number of key differences that we want to make sure that you're aware of.
To help illustrate the importance of the statements above, this can be visualized by thinking of Traditional Fixed Point Gas Detection as a singular Fence Post and the Laser Based – Open Path Gas Detectors as the whole Chain Link Fence.
Area Coverage:
Fence Analogy: The odds of an object coming into contact with the larger Chain Link Fence is greater than that of the small Fence Post based purely on the available surface area.
Gas Detection: The same is true that the odds of a plume of gas passing through the Active Measurement Path of the Laser Based – Open Path Gas Detector than it is of the small contact area of the Traditional Fixed Point Gas Detector.
Laser Based – Open Path Gas Detection should seriously be considered if 3-4 Fixed Point Gas Detectors are required not only for its technical benefits but also its commercial advantages (i.e. Capital and Operational Costs).
Robustness:
Fence Analogy: If a large object (i.e. vehicle) were to rapidly come into contact with the fence, the Chain Link portion will be the strongest and most robust part of the fence (i.e. think of the vehicle barriers between highways). Under this same example, a singular Fence Posts will not be anywhere as robust as the Chain Link.
Gas Detection: Extreme environmental conditions (such as high temperature or humidity) and continuous/high concentrations of gas will not consume, poison, or reduce the life span of Laser Based – Open Path Gas Detection like it would for Traditional Fixed Point Gas Detection.
It is important to note that all types of Sensing Elements have their own specific strengths and weakness but by using Laser Based – Open Path Gas Detection, you can significantly reduce your maintenance burden. By using various Sensing Element Types, this will create multiple layers of protection can increase the up-time in various conditions.
Fail Safe:
Fence Analogy: Visually, it is more obvious to see if the whole Chain Link Fence has fallen vs. losing a single Fence Post.
Gas Detection: Traditional Fixed Point Gas Detection products are Non-Fail Safe and therefore provide no feedback to the Safety System that their ability to detect has been compromised. Alternatively, Laser Based – Open Path Gas Detection is fully Fail Safe and has sophisticated self-diagnostics that will notify the Safety System in the case of an inhibition or fault.
For example, Laser Based – Open Path Gas Detection will output a specific inhibition status condition for Beam Block conditions and the end-user has the ability to implement Bead Block Time Delays (i.e. 0-300 Seconds with 30 Seconds being the average) to reduce/eliminate nuisance calls for maintenance.
Side-by-Side Comparison:
Below is a comparison table between Laser Based – Open Path Gas Detection and Traditional Fixed Point Gas Detectors:
Early Warning and Rapid Intervention Saves Lives:
Due to the Large Area Coverage and Fast Speed of Response of Laser Based – Open Path Gas Detection, when compared with Traditional – Fixed Point Gas Detectors, it should:
Have a higher likelihood of detecting a loss of containment (even with changing air currents within process buildings and/or wind direction/velocity in outdoor process areas)
If a loss of containment is detected, Laser Based – Open Path Gas Detection:
Under similar circumstances to Traditional – Fixed Point Gas Detection, should respond to the presence of gas much faster.
Should register more representative concentrations and exposure duration compared to the small sampling area and the slow to respond/recover Traditional – Fixed Point Gas Detectors.
Detector Selection Decision Guide
Important items to Consider
When selecting the appropriate Sensing Element for an application, it must reliably detect a hazardous release or accumulation of gas as early as practical AND before it is large enough to cause an escalating situation or health hazard.
Below is a tool to help select if your detector selection is SAFe (Suitable, Acceptable, and Feasible).
Suitability: Which Sensing Elements could be used for this application? Below are some questions that will help determine if the Sensing Element meets your needs.
Detected Gas: Does this Sensing Element detect the gas of interest in the desired measurement range?
Area Classification: Does this Sensing Element have the appropriate Hazardous Area Classification?
Environmental Conditions: Do the environmental conditions have a detrimental effect on the performance or lifespan of the detector? (e.g. Temperature, Pressure, Humidity, etc.)
Interferences: Are there any other potential Interferences (e.g. Interfering gases, vibration, sunshine, etc.)?
Adverse Effects: Does the presence of the target gas effect the performance or lifespan of the Sensing Element (e.g. Flooding, Saturation, Over Ranging, Poisoning, or Fouling)?
Contaminants: Are there any other contaminants that may effect performance or longevity (e.g. dust, dirt, debris, misting, aerosols, etc.)?
Acceptability: Which Sensing Element are you willing to stake your professional reputation on to protect personnel in a safety critical application (e.g. Input to a Fire & Gas Safety (FGS) System)?
Fail-Safe Design: Does the Sensing Element provide feedback if it operation has been inhibited (e.g. poisoning, flooded, fouled, fallen asleep, bag placed over a sensor, etc.)?
Measurement Drift: Does the Measurement Drift of the Sensing Element still allow you to confidently use it to confirm a loss of containment and initiate executive action?
Response Time: Are you confident in the placement of the Sensing Element that the plume of gas will be present at the detector long enough that it will illicit a response? Is the Response Time fast enough to detect a loss of containment before it is large enough to cause an escalating situation?
Area Coverage: In congested or enclosed areas, it is assumed that plumes of gas will have a diameter of 5 – 10 m (15 – 30 ft). How many detectors will be required to provide acceptable area coverage for the application?
Sensor Lifespan: How long does the Sensing Element survive in both ideal and expected conditions (e.g. Frequent/continuous gas exposure, high temperatures, high humidity, etc.)?
Maintenance: Consider the maintenance burden required because of the lifespan and fail-safe nature of the Sensing Element.
Consumables: Does the requirement for Consumables (e.g. Replacement Sensors, Calibration Gas) and human intervention make the overall Fire & Gas Safety System stronger or weaker?
Poisoning: Will the Sensing Element survive continuous or large releases of gas sufficiently to provide the protection that is required by the Fire & Gas Safety (FGS) System?
Feasibility: When do the economics of Laser Based -Open Path Gas Detection over come Traditional-Fixed Point Gas Detection? It is vital to weight the Total Cost of Ownership and the performance of the Sensing Element.
Risk Management: What is the value or importance of initiating recovering actions as soon as possible after a loss of containment as been detected?
Capital Costs for Comparable Area Coverage: Comparing the price of Open Path Gas Detection to Fixed Point Gas Detection can be like comparing apples to oranges. However, Fixed Point Gas Detectors should be placed every 5 – 10 m (15 – 30 ft) to provide similar area coverage.
Engineering & Design: There is a cost associated with generating the Technical Specification, P&IDs, Loop Drawings, and Logic & Control for each individual Sensing Element.
Infrastructure & Procurement: Each Sensing Element will require Brackets, Fittings, Junction Boxes, Cabling, Cable Trays, I/O Cards to be designed, procured, manufactured, and delivered. Each additional Sensing Element can add a significant cost.
Installation & Commissioning: A significant amount of time an money is committed to Installation & Commissioning Acitities (e.g. Purchasing, Shipping, Warehousing, Unboxing, Assembly, Location ID, Construction Supervision/planning, Erecting Scaffolding/Using Manlifts, Mounting, Terminating, Cable/Instrument Tags, Loop Tests, Power-Up, Calibration, Calibration Tags/Reports, DCS Programming, and Completing As-Builts).
Licensing Fee for each I/O Point in a DCS System: Typical cost are between $1,000 to $3,000 per Loop per Year on a DCS System. Every Analog and Relay Output from each Sensing Element can add-up to significant operational costs over time.
Time between Planned Intervention Intervals: This is dictated by a number of factors such as Governmental, Industry, Insurance, Corportate, or Site Specific Requirements.
Cost of each Planned Intervention Interval: The costs for these items are not often tabulated and well understood but it is important to consider the time spent by Maintenance Planners, Request/Procurement/Receiving/Warehousing of Sensors and Gas, Generating Work Orders, Writing Permits, Ensuring that Safety Systems are By-Passed, Technicians Hours, Calibration Report, Calibration Tags, Etc.).
Cost of Known Failure: Loss of Operator Confidence, Decreased effectiveness of Engineered Safety System, and Special Procedures to run within Critical Safety Systems.
Cost of Unknown Failure: What could the cost of having a Sensing Element not detect a loss of containment or dangerous accumulation of gas because of insufficient area coverage, slow speed of response, or even worse that the Sensing Element had unknowingly become non-functional?
How to best use Open Path Gas Detection?
Get the most out of your investment
The versatility of the Open Path (OPX) Head Assembly provides the end-user with a number of different monitoring and detection strategies:
Equipment Specific Monitoring:
Path lengths usually range from 0.5 to 5 m (1.5 to 15 ft) and are still technically be considered a Point Measurement.
These shorter path lengths are often placed close to process equipment that may have a higher likelihood of having a loss of containment to provide fast localized detection of the leak.
The Remote Point (RPX) Probe may also be used for this strategy.
Area Monitoring (Most Common):
Typical path lengths range from 5 to 50 m (15 to 150 ft) and are often placed in areas where personnel are likely to be present (e.g. walkways, galleys, etc.).
For this strategy, the purpose is to quickly detect either of a loss of containment or a dangerous accumulation of gas for personnel protection.
Rather than just monitoring for one potential leak source, there may be an area with multiple pieces of process equipment that may have higher probability of experiencing a loss of containment.
Perimeter Monitoring:
Typical path lengths range from 50 – 500 m (150 to 1,500 ft).
Monitoring the perimeter of an entire process unit can provide the best area coverage to enable early warning for dangerous concentrations of toxic or combustible gases being released from within the perimeter or migrating from another process units all together.
The larger area coverage and fast speed of response helps to increase the odds of the plume coming into contact Active Measurement Path.
The design goal should be to place an appropriate amount of the right type of sensing element in locations that provide the highest area coverage possible.
By employing multiple monitoring and detection strategies, it will increase the odds of detection and the likelihood of intervening as soon as possible.
Simple Path Placements
Typical Orientations for Basic Uses
The placement of the Open Path (OPX) Head Assemblies allow easy and straight forward installation for the Equipment Specific, Area, and Perimeter Monitoring Strategies.
Simple Downwind
Monitoring on one of boundary limits for a Gas Concentration Excursions can be very useful. Use example for this arrangement couple be monitoring between an Identified Possible Emitter (e.g. Well Head) and an occupied building (e.g. Neighboring Farm).
Simple Upwind + Downwind
This orientation is useful for helping to identify if the Gas Concentration Excursions are coming from the Identified Possible Emitter or elsewhere. For example, if the concentration excursions are only being detected on the downwind path, then it can be assumed that it is coming from the Identified Possible Emitter. In outdoor applications, the wind can blow in almost all directions within one day and by using the Simple Upwind + Downwind Orientation, it will help increase your odds of detection as the wind changes direction.
Simple Triangle Perimeter
By closing off the perimeter with Laser Based – Open Path Gas Detection, this helps eliminate gaps within the monitoring boundary. This three (3) Path Orientation is as efficient as it is economical. This helps to keep the Active Measurement Path close to the source while having extended "points of the triangle" to add additional area coverage.
Simple Square Perimeter
This mounting arrangement is the most common orientation because of its ability to provide exceptional area coverage while remaining out of the way for routine operational and maintenance activities.
Advanced Path Placements
Used to meet Sophisticated Monitoring Needs
The use of these Advanced Path Placement Orientations can be used for any of the following reasons: Increased Area Coverage, Leak Localization and Voting Logic Confirmation (e.g. 2ooN).
Layered Square Perimeter
While there will be increased Area Coverage with this orientation, the real benefit is having two (or possibly four) Paths Confirm a Loss of Containment to help initiate Executive Action within your Fire & Gas Safety System.
In addition to providing Loss of Containment Confirmation, the Layered Square Perimeter Orientation helps to combine the Monitoring Strategies such as Equipment Specific, Area, and Perimeter Monitoring. Following traditional Gas Detection Siting Principles, the Gas Concentration Excursions should be greater within the inter green perimeter than it is at the outer blue perimeter.
Sectioned Square Perimeter
The Sectioned Square Perimeter provides Loss of Containment Confirmation with two different Sensing Elements but it has additional benefits as well. This orientation provides the ability for better Leak Localization based off of wind direction and which paths are registering a concentration excursion. If Beam Blockage is a concern (e.g. Steam, Fog, etc.) then these shorter path lengths provide better resistant against the GasFinder entering a Low Light Scenario.
Grid Localization
By using Logic based off of Wind Direction or just by which Path is registering a leak, an estimate of a general area of the leak location can be inferred. With extending the path lengths beyond just a simple perimeter, this can create additional Area Coverage while still maintaining close proximity to the potential leak source.
Grid Localization + Perimeter
These orientations can be combined to further enhance the Area Coverage, Leak Localization and Voting Logic Confirmation.
Laser Based - Open Path Gas Detection Examples
Deployment of Open Path Gas Detection
The examples below will highlight the advantages of using Laser Based – Open Path Gas Detection in the following applications.
Rail (Un)Loading Terminal
This Simple Downwind Path Orientation for the Area/Perimeter Monitoring Strategy is ideal for providing early warning of a Loss of Containment during the operational activity to protect personnel. With frequent making and breaking of connections to load or unload the rail cars, the odds of leak or release can be significantly increased. Often, there are high concentrations of toxic or combustible gases that can consume or poison Traditional – Fixed Point Gas Detection and make the use of Laser Based – Open Path Gas Detection ideal.
Heat Exchanger Monitoring
If the challenge of physically accessing the top of the exchanger to install, commission, and support Traditional – Fixed Point Gas Detection wasn't difficult enough, the high temperatures and high wind velocity will reduce the lifespan of those Sensing Elements. By using Laser Based – Open Path Gas Detection for Equipment Specific Monitoring to detect leaks in the tubing bundles, not only is the Open Path (OPX) Head Assembly easily accessible but because of the non-contact nature of the measurement, only the Laser Beam is exposed to the high temperatures. By placing two, three, or four paths above the Exchanger Louvers, not only is the Area Coverage increased but in the event of a leak, the Fire & Gas Safety System has multiple independent Sensing Elements satisfying the Voting Logic required to Confirm the Loss of Containment.
Multi-Storied Open Walled Process Areas
In applications with multiple potential leak sources, it is best to focus your fixed monitoring on personnel protection with an Area Monitoring Strategy. By using a Simple Square Perimeter Path Orientation on each of the floors, regardless of the location of the leak or the direction of the wind, the odds of detecting the plume are significantly increased because the gas is channeled and forced to pass through one or two sides of the perimeter. Due to the Low Detection Thresholds and the Fast Speed of Response, Laser Based – Open Path Gas Detection can detect the presence of Small Intermittent Leaks. For these reasons, this is why this technology is used as a passive Leak Detection & Repair (LDAR) tool that, for example, can help identify the need for intervention in tightening the packing of a leaking valve.
How High do you mount Open Path Gas Detection?
Typical height of the Open Path (OPX) Head
It is typical for Open Path (OPX) Heads to be mounted 2.2m (7.2 ft) to 4m (13ft) above grade or walkways. This is so the height of a typical person does not cause a beam block scenario. This height arrangement is also close to the breathing height to provide warning for personnel detection.
Estimated Plume Size
Industry Based Assumptions
There is a common assumption within the industry that:
Within Enclosed or Congested Areas, it is assumed that the plume could be between 5-10 m (15-30 ft) in diameter by the time it passing through the Active Measurement Path.
Within Open Areas, it is assumed that the plume could be between 10-20 m (30-60 ft) in diameter by the time it passing through the Active Measurement Path.
Can I use these Products in my Fire & Gas Safety System?
FIRE & GAS SAFETY SYSTEM
What does it do? Why it is important?
For the purpose of Risk Management Mitigation, Fire & Gas Systems (FGS) are utilized to enable the recovery after a Loss of Containment (release and/or accumulation) by performing three basic functions:
Detect the Hazard with Sensing Elements (e.g. Toxic Gas, Combustible Gas, & Flame Detectors),
Confirm Loss of Containment with Logic Solvers or Safety System Controller (e.g. DCS, PLC, etc.), and
Initiate Executive Action with Final Control Elements (e.g. Horns, Strobes, Pumps, Valves, Solenoids, HVAC, etc.).
It is important to note that Recovery Actions (e.g. Annunciation from Horns/Strobes, Manipulation of the Process, Control of HVAC System, etc.), cannot be taken until a Loss of Containment has been confirmed by the Logic Solver which often requires at least two (2) Sensing Elements to detect a leak.
Therefore, it is vital that your Fixed Sensing Element can reliably and repeatably Detect a hazardous release or accumulation of gas as early as practical AND before it is large enough to cause an escalating situation or health hazard.
Who uses this Technology and what do they use it?
Uses of this Enhanced Sensing Element
Often referred to as either Open Path Gas Detection or Line-of-Sight Gas Detection, this is considered an Enhanced Gas Sensing Element as it can be used for the purpose of:
Leak Detection/Safety Monitoring: Performance requirements are focused on alarm signaling for such purposes as Safety Warning and Executive Action.
Industrial Health & Hygiene Monitoring: Focused on the uncertainty of measurement of gas concentrations in the region of Occupational Exposure Limit Values (OELV).
Leak Detection & Repair (LDAR): Passive Monitoring for incipient fugitive emissions provides operations with another Process Variable (PV) that could provide them with early warning of an abnormal process condition that could require intervention.
Ambient Monitoring: Quantitative monitoring of specific constituents for compliance purposes.
It is not uncommon for Laser Based – Open Path Gas Detectors to be used for one or more of the purposes listed above.
Often there is one dominant driver to champion the project but multiple stakeholders can derive value and use from these measurements. Examples of these drivers are shown below.
Project Drivers
What drives the need?
While these drivers may identify the need for detection, there may be latitude in which sensing elements are selected and how they're used.
It is important to understand how to best deploy the sensing elements to not only meet the minimum requirements but exceed them as well.
How to Align the Open Path (OPX) Head?
For a Technical Walk-Through on how the Align the Open Path (OPX) Head: Click Here
Mounting Structures
General Technology Questions
Below are typical questions about the technology as a whole regardless of the application.
What you need to know about TDL
Understanding the Fundamentals
What you need to know about TDL/TDLAS
At a glance, here is what you need to know about the GasFinder3-MC (Multi-Channel) Analyzer that combined with our series of Remotely Mounted Measurement Heads use a Laser Based Gas Detection principle called Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) to Analyze, Monitor, Measure, and Detect gaseous molecules of a specific target gas.
Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TLDAS) is quickly summarized below:
Laser Light is the Sensing Element: Near Infrared (NIR) Laser Light is generated from our High Quality Telecommunication Grade DFB Lasers. Laser Based Gas Analysis is primarily used for its Quantitative Performance in Difficult Applications, Fail-Safe Design, and Maintenance Friendly Operation.
This Counts Target Gas Molecules: As the Target Gas Molecules pass through the Active Measurement Path (i.e. Laser Beam), they're absorbed and a proportional relationship between the number of "counted" target gas molecules and concentration exists.
Quantifiable Volumetric Measurement: The great benefit of this technology is its ability to be tuned to only detect the presence of one target gas. Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy is able to identify which gas that is being detected and give a very accurate and repeatable measurement.
No Interference + No False Alarms: Due to the selectivity of this technology, we're able to select absorption lines that are free from interference from other gases, humidity, rain, snow, sunlight, particulates, etc.
Units of Measure for Open-Path Measurements
Start with the Basics – Molecule Counter:
The Laser Light emitted from the GasFinder is tuned to a specific wavelength/frequency where the Target Gas is absorbed. As Target Gas molecules enter the Active Measurement Path (i.e. laser beam), they're absorbed and spectroscopic analysis of the collected laser light can very accurately and reliably detect how much of the Target Gas is present in the form of a Path Integrated Concentration (i.e. ppm-m).
Basically, Laser Based – Open Path Gas Detection can simply be described as a Target Gas Molecule Counter. The number of Target Gas Molecules present in the Active Measurement Path is directly proportional the concentration (ppm-m) outputted by the GasFinder. Specifically, when the GasFinder is performing an analysis of the "counted target gas molecules", it produces a sample waveform and its height is also directly proportional to the concentration in the Active Measurement Path.
Path Integrated Concentration: Parts Per Million – Meter (ppm-m)
The units of measure for Open Path Gas Detectors is Parts Per Million – Meter (ppm-m), which is a Path Integrated Concentration.
Think of Path Integrated Concentration as each of the target gas molecules within the Active Measurement Path being counted and added together to provide the total concentration.
Basically, this measurement methodology can be summed up as this being a molecule counter.
It is important to note that the Path Integrated Concentration is completely independent from the physical path length (distance between the Open Path (OPX) Head and the Retro-Reflector).
To help visualize what Path Integrated Concentration is, lets assume a background concentration of 10 ppm. The image below shows how the Path Integrated Concentration increases with path length even though the background concentration remains the same. Atmospheric gases like Methane (CH4) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) will exhibit a similar result.
Path Average Concentration – Parts Per Million (ppm)
The Path Integrated Concentration (ppm-m) can be converted to a Path Average Concentration (ppm) by dividing your ppm-m concentration by the physical path length (m) of the Active Measurement Path. The path length can be programmed into the GasFinder to automatically convert the outputted concentration in a Path Average Concentration (ppm).
Use Applications for Path Integrated Concentrations and Path Average Concentrations:
Path Average Concentrations are typically used in short path length applications where the plume is either being fully measured or where the concentration assumed to be more or less homogeneous.
It is typical for Path Average Concentrations to be used with the following Measurement Heads: Remote Point (RPX) Probe, Stack/Duct (SDX) Probe, In-Line (ILX) Probe, and Extractive Measurement (EMX) Probe.
Path Average Concentrations can be used in Open Path Gas Detection Applications but the end-user needs to understand that this technology cannot spatially resolve the size or the concentration profile of the plume within the Active Measurement Path. The image below can show how a Path Average Concentration can be misleading depending on the size and density of the plume.
While a large and dispersed plume may not pose a threat – a small and highly concentrated plume may present a hazardous scenario. For Open Path Applications, we recommend using Path Integrated Concentrations for setting alarm thresholds.
Measurement Range Specifications
Measurement Range Specifications:
The GasFinder has four key performance specifications centered around it's ability to detect and monitor a specific target gas: Minimal Detectable Limit (MDL), Sensitivity, Zero Gas Noise, and Actionable Concentrations.
Determining the Minimal Detectable Limit (MDL):
We define our Minimal Detectable Limit (MDL) as the smallest concentration value that is reliably and repeatedly detected when exposed to a known gas concentration. In a comparable example, think of our Minimal Detectable Limit (MDL) in similar terms to a Signal-to-Noise Ratio where the MDL is the smallest concentration that can be detected through the noise floor. Any values below our published MDL are to be considered noise and not a reliable reading. To help us determine if the gas concentrations are above the Minimal Detection Limit (MDL), we use a Linear Least Squared Regression to compare the generated Sample Waveform to the permanently stored Calibration Waveform. If there is good fit (R2) between the two waveforms then it can be assumed that there is enough Target Gas within the Active Measurement Path to generate a waveform in the correct location (emitting laser light at the appropriate wavelength) and high enough amplitude (gas concentrations above the MDL). To be confident that the reading are above our Minimal Detectable Limit (MDL), the Linear Least Squared Regression will provide an R2 Confidence Factor for each sample. For non-atmospheric gases, it is typical to implement an R2 Cutoff Limit in the GasFinder to minimize instrument noise.
Sensitivity:
We define Sensitivity as the smallest incremental change in concentration that is reliably and repeatably detected when above our Minimal Detectable Limit (MDL). In a comparable example, think of our Sensitivity as Shot-to-Shot Noise. As a general rule-rule-of-thumb for all gases, the Sensitivity (i.e. Shot-to-Shot Noise) is a quarter of the Minimal Detectable Limit (e.g. Sensitivity and/or Shot-to-Shot Noise = 0.25 x MDL). For example, Lo-Range Hydrogen Sulphide (H2SL) has a Minimal Detectable Limit (MDL) of 100 ppm-m and a Sensitivity of 25 ppm-m (0.25 x 100 ppm-m). If a Lo-Range Hydrogen Sulphide (H2SL) GasFinder were to be constantly exposed to a nominal concentration above the Minimal Detectable Limit (MDL), then you'd expect to see the readings to fluctuate +/- 25 ppm-m as this is the Shot-to-Shot Noise (i.e. Sensitivity).
Zero Gas Noise:
To help with this section, we'll want to remember that the GasFinder's analysis will produce a sample waveform and its height is proportional to the amount of target gas present in the Active Measurement Path. Under a Zero Gas Scenario (i.e. no Target Gas Molecules present), the GasFinder will not produce a sample waveform in the shape of the sinusoidal wave but a flat-ish Sample Line. It is important to note two separate points: 1) a Zero Gas Scenario does not produce a perfectly flat Sample Line. 2) a Zero Gas Scenario will have a "dancing" sample line that does not sit still (i.e. this is Noise). This Noise can come from a number of sources that may be spectroscopic, mechanical, or atmospheric. Typically, the Noise from any of these sources will produce gas concentrations that are below our Minimal Detectable Limit (MDL) and may have either low or high R2 values. However, Zero Gas Noise can produce gas concentrations that exceed our Minimal Detectable Limit (MDL) with "good" R2 values and these concentration excursions can be up to 2x of our published Minimal Detectable Limit (MDL). This is consistent with all of our gases and ranges. It is important to note that through optimization you may be able to either reduce the frequency or scale of Zero Gas Noise but it cannot be completely eliminated and under Zero Gas Applications, concentrations below 2x MDL are indistinguishable between Noise and Gas Readings. This brings us to Actionable Concentrations.
Actionable Concentrations:
As a general rule across all of our gases, the lowest concentration where you can confidently set alarm thresholds for leak detection (or set points for process control) that are outside of the Zero Gas Noise range is two (2) times the published Minimal Detectable Limit (MDL). In our Instrument Data Sheets, you'll see the Actionable Concentrations for all of our gases set at 2x MDL. Once the concentrations exceed the 2x MDL threshold, the sample waveform takes a more obvious and consistent shape that is not as overwhelm by the Zero Gas Noise (e.g. Signal is now greater than the Noise). To continue the example of Lo-Range Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S), it is recommended to have Alarm Thresholds greater than 200 ppm-m.
Is the Laser Eye Safe?
Yes, it is a Class 1 Eye Safe Product.
For the Downloadable Technical Note: Click Here
The Boreal Laser GasFinder product line meets or exceeds the requirements to be listed as Class 1 laser products under the IEC 60825-1 standard.
The IEC 60825-1 standard defines Class 1 as any laser product which during operation does not permit human access to laser radiation (accessible emission) in excess of the AEL of Class 1 for applicable wavelengths and emission durations.
The Boreal Laser GasFinder product line operates in the NIR (Near-Infrared) wavelength region for purposes of gas detection. The appropriate ranges for wavelength and duration have been considered to ensure that products meet or exceed these requirements.
Boreal Laser makes use of a NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) traceable testing program to ensure the NIR thresholds are not exceeded during setup and production of GasFinder products.
For export into the United States of America, Boreal Laser products are classified as Class 1 and are compliant with the testing, record keeping and reporting requirements of the CDRH (Center for Devices and Radiological Health) which operates under the FDA (Food and Drug Administration). Boreal Laser complies with performance standards for laser products except for deviations pursuant to Laser Notice No.50, dated 06/24/2007.
Light Level: Performance Variable
Light Levels:
The invisible Near Infrared Laser Light leaves the Measurement Head as a collimated beam. The image below shows the Open Path (OPX) Head on the left and the Retro-Reflector on the right.
The Retro-Reflector then returns the collected Laser Light back to the Measurement Head via a focused beam for analysis. The Measurement Heads used are also called Transceivers as they have both the sending and receiving optics built-in.
The amount of returned Laser Light can be affected by light scattering mediums such as fog, rain, sleet, snow, dust, etc. The functional test used to validated how much beam block the GasFinder can operate with is done with a Neutral Density Filter. This test verifies that the GasFinder can tolerate up to 97% Trans-Obscuration (or simply put, 97% Beam Block).
The laser light used is in the Near Infrared which is close to the Visible Spectrum. Light in the Visible Spectrum scatters more so than light within the Near Infrared.
Our anecdotal example of how to explain how much beam block the GasFinder can handle is simply as follows. If the Retro-Reflector can be seen from the Measurement Head then the Near Infrared Laser Light will be able to pass through as well. The image below is an example of looking through the Alignment Scope on the Open Path (OPX) Head at a Retro-Reflector.
If the Laser Light Levels were to decrease beyond tolerable levels then the GasFinder will automatically enter a Low Light or Beam Block status condition. This specific status/fault condition will be shown as 2.7 mA on an Analog Loop.
The status/fault condition for Low Light is non-latching and as soon as the sufficient Laser Light Levels return then the system goes back into normal operation.
To help avoid nuisance alarms caused by intermittent beam blocks (e.g. steam), the end-user can easily implement a time delay of 0-300 seconds on the HMI Touchscreen.
Low Light and Beam Block Time Delay
Light Level (Rx): This provides indication of how much Laser Light has been received from the Active Measurement Path (e.g. Laser Beam at the Measurement Head).
Below is an explanation of Laser Light and Low Light (Beam Block) Diagnostic Variables:
Laser Light Similar to Line-of-Sight:
Light Level Performance: The functional test with a Neutral Density Filter verifies that the GasFinder can function with only 3% of the emitted Laser Light Returned/Collected. Alternatively, the GasFinder can function with up to 97% Transobscuration (i.e. Beam Block).
Antidotal Example: Since Light Scatters more in the Visible Spectrum then it does in the Near Infrared (which is used by the GasFinder), that if you were standing at the Measurement Head (e.g. Open Path (OPX) Head) and you can still see the Retro-Reflector through the rain, then the Near Infrared Laser Light will be able to as well.
Low Light = Channel Specific Status: Each Channel/Path is treated as an independent end-device and has independent outputs. If a Low Light or Beam Block Scenario were to occur, then only the specific paths that this occurred would have the Low Light/Beam Block Status Inhibition.
Low Light/Beam Block Status Output: This specific Status Inhibition condition is communicated via the following protocols:
HART 7 over Analog:
Light Level (Rx): With HART, comes the ability to also transmit additional digitized information over the Analog Loop such as outputting the Laser Light Level over the Secondary Variable (SV).
Low Light/Beam Block: If a Low Light/Beam Block condition were to exist, then the Analog Loop (Primary Variable) would enter a channel specific Status Inhibition of 2.7 mA. This is Non-Latching and will clear once enough Laser Light has been collected.
Analog Loop:
Light Level (Rx): Via the HMI Touchscreen, the End-User can select to enable one of the Analog Loops to output Light Level (Rx).
Dry-Contact Relays:
Low Light/Beam Block: If a Low Light/Beam Block condition were to exist, the Relay Outputs can be configured via the HMI Touchscreen to exercise the relays. This is Non-Latching and will clear once enough Laser Light has been collected.
MOBUS (RS-485):
There are specific Status Registers that can be used to both monitor the Light Level (Rx) and Low Light/Beam Block Status Inhibition Conditions.
Low Light = Channel Specific Status: Via the HMI Touchscreen, End-Users can select to implement a Low Light/Beam Block Time Delay between 0 – 300 Seconds (0-5 Minutes). It is common for Open Path Gas Detectors to have Time Delays between 30-60 Seconds and some End-Users chose to enter Time Delays of the full 5 Minutes to minimize Nuisance Alarms caused by known transient events (e.g. Steam, People Walking Through Path, Etc.).
Configuring a Beam Block Time Delay
For GasFinder3 Instruments, within the HMI Touchscreen, press Settings>System Parameters>Low Rx Alarm Delay (s).
R2 Confidence Factor
R2 Confidence Factor (R2): This variable provides indication to the End-User if the concentration variables being displayed by the GasFinder are over the Minimium Detectable Limit (MDL).
The following details are used to help to explain what we call the R2 Confidence Factor:
Linear Least Squared Regression: After the Factory Calibration is performed, the Calibration Waveform is permanently stored in the GasFinder so that the Sample Waveform generated from the Measurement Head counting Target Gas Molecules within the Active Measurement Path can be compared against each other. A Linear Least Squared Regression is performed to help provide context to low level concentrations that are either below or near to the published Minimal Detectable Limit (MDL).
Minimal Detectable Limit (MDL): What we define the Minimal Detectable Limit (MDL) as is the lowest concentration that provides reliable and repeatable results. In other words, concentrations below the published MDL should be treated as Non-Detectable and/or simply as Noise.
R2 Confidence Levels (Noise Floor): Each and every Sample (i.e. Concentration Measurement) will have an R2 Confidence Factor associated with it. To generate Confident Results, the concentration has to be above both the Minimal Detectable Limit (MDL) and the desired R2 Confidence Level.
Setting an "R2 Cutoff" Limit via the HMI Touchscreen: For most gases and applications, it is not necessary to set an "R2 Cutoff" as the Actionable Concentrations are well above the Minimal Detectable Limit (MDL). In an application such as H2S Leak Detection where the Actionable Concentrations are relatively close to the Minimal Detectable Limit, it is recommended to use the "R2 Cutoff" feature.
Configuring an R2 Cutoff Limit
For GasFinder3 Instruments, within the HMI Touchscreen, press Settings>Channel Specific>Minimum R2.
Why Doesn't TDL Require Re-Calibration?
The following details are used to help to explain what we call the TDL does not require re-calibration:
Spectroscopic Absorption Lines: For analysis, monitoring, or detection of particular target gases, there are spectroscopic absorption lines within the Near Infrared Spectrum. The wavelengths in which a specific target gas absorbs is both well defined and most importantly, predictable.
Laser Light is the "Sensing Element": Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) utilizes emitted Laser Light within the Near Infrared Spectrum for gas analysis, monitoring, and detection. To detect specific target gases of interest, the wavelength of the emitted laser light is tuned to match the wavelength of where the target gas absorbs spectroscopically. If the wavelength of the emitted laser light matches that of the target gas molecules that pass through laser beam, then they will be absorbed (or more simply put, counted) and the relationship between the number of target gas molecules present in the laser beam is directly proportional to the outputted concentration. The wavelength of the emitted laser light has to match the wavelength of the spectroscopic absorption line.
Role of Internal Reference Cell: The Internal Reference Cell provides the GasFinder with a physical reference of where the absorption line is located and therefore ensures that the laser light emitted from the GasFinder is at appropriate wavelength for analyzing, monitoring, or detecting that particular target gas. It is because of the Internal Reference Cell that there is essentially zero measurement drift because the GasFinder continuously remains "Line-Locked". Due to the autonomous and automatic adjustments made as a result from the GasFinder interrogating the Internal Reference Cell, there is no field calibration or no field intervention available or required.
Calibration Waveform Stored/Saved: At the Factory, the GasFinder goes through a sophisticated calibration procedure that involves inserting an optical cell with a known concentration under carefully constructed and controlled laboratory conditions. After the calibration procedure has been performed, the Calibration Waveform is then permanently stored within the GasFinder. The permanently stored Calibration Waveform is then continuously compared against either the Reference Waveform or Sample Waveforms to generate a measurement R2 Confidence Factor (R2). The R2 Confidence Factor is a Linear Least Squared Regression comparison between the calibration waveform which was formed by exposure to a known gas concentration under controlled environments and waveform generated from either the Internal Reference Cell or the molecules being absorbed/counted within the Laser Beam of the Measurement Head. It is vital that the emitted Laser Light is at the wavelength of the absorption line for the target gas of interest.
Health of Internal Reference Cell
For all Non-Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) gases, it is not a concern for the Internal Reference Cell's concentration of target gas to deplete over time. Due to the physical properties of Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) and the material used to contain it within the Internal Reference Cell, the concentration may deplete over time.
Below is a quick explanation of how the Health of the Internal Reference Cell can be monitored:
View, Communicate, or Retrieve: Once a minute when the GasFinder interrogates its Internal Reference Cell, the results are available or logged in the following ways:
Real-Time Data String: Via the HMI Touchscreen, the Serial Strings can be viewed in real-time to view the results of the checking the Internal Reference Cell.
MODBUS (RS-485): If the End-User would like to have this information communicated to their PLC or DCS, they can monitor the specific Registers for Reference Light, Reference Cell Quality, and Reference Cell R2.
Logfile: Every line of data generated by the GasFinder is stored and accessible by the End-User via a USB Stick
No Reference Cell = Fault Conditions: The Internal Reference Cell is an important component of the GasFinder and along with the Sophisticated Diagnostics and Fail-Safe Design, it can monitor and alert if any of the components are not functioning properly. If there is an issues with the Internal Reference Cell (e.g. not enough gas detected, no laser light received, etc.), then the GasFinder will output very specific status conditions notifying the End-User.
Check Current Reference Cell Status: If the End-User would like to see what the performance variables for the Internal Reference Cell, via the HMI Touchscreen, they can be called up to see the Reference Cell Light, Reference Cell Quality, and Reference Cell R2.
Visualize all Three (3) Waveforms: Via the HMI Touchscreen, the End-User can "View Array" to see a digitized version of all three Waveforms.
The Calibration Waveform is permanently stored within the GasFinder should always appear,
If GasFinder successfully interrogates the Internal Reference Cell then the Reference Waveform will appear,
If the Measurement Head is being exposed to the Target Gas then the Sample Waveform will be present as well. During "Line Centering", the GasFinder will adjust the Sample Waveform (e.g. Frequency/Wavelength of Laser Light) to ensure it matches the Reference Waveform (e.g. Absorption Line)
Viewing Status of Internal Reference Cell
Via the HMI Touchscreen, press Settings>System Parameters>Page 3/3>Reference Check.
The Detailed Diagnostics and Fail-Safe Design will automatically initiate a Fault Condition if the Internal Reference Cell does not meet the quality requirements pre-programmed into the system.
MODBUS (RS-485) Table
Here is the Register Map for implementing MODBUS (RS-485) outputs for a GasFinder:
In most cases, the common values to pull are "ppmm high", "R2", and "Light".
Standard Term & Conditions
To view Boreal Laser's Standard Terms & Conditions: Click Here
Legacy Manuals
Listed Below are the manuals for the specific GasFinder products:
GasFinder3-DC: Click here to open
GasFinder3-OP: Click here to open
GasFinder2-MC: Click Here to Open
GasFinder2-FC: Click Here to Open
GasFinder2-FCr: Click Here to Open
GasFinder2-AB:Click Here to Open
Give us a call: 780 488 5173 ext 104
Send us an email: info@boreal-laser.com
©Boreal Laser Inc.
Head Office: 12846 - 146 Street NW, Edmonton, AB, CA T5L 2H7
P +1.780.488.5173 F +1.780.488.0780 E info@boreal-laser.com


text:
A hospitable metaverse requires the basic building blocks of virtual life
It's not easy to build a virtual universe, but it's certainly something that we can bring closer to reality through proper network infrastructure investments and innovation.
Steve Alexander Contributor
Steve Alexander is SVP and CTO of Ciena, a networking systems and software company that works with operators and content providers across the globe.
Meta's stated mission is to seamlessly connect disparate environments like work, social media and gaming so it can allow people to effectively live and work in the virtual space.
This will clearly have a significant and sustained impact on our networks. We aren't just talking about a need to be constantly connected, without glitches; we're talking about fully immersive content streaming seamlessly, in 4K and 8K, with low latency and minimal lag.
We will need to be able to go from one experience to another without being distracted by reboots, operating system or application loading times, network congestion, or anything else that suggests we're not in a seamless virtual environment.
Accomplishing all of this makes virtual life seem as challenging as moving to Mars.
Yet, it is possible to make the journey to our new virtual world friction-less. We just need to make sure we are putting in place the basic building blocks needed for virtual life.
Starting today, we have the opportunity to make the metaverse habitable and hospitable, a place where our virtual selves can thrive, not just survive.
Bandwidth is key
We'll need a lot of bandwidth to make this work at scale. Much like water is a building block of life, there is no way we could function in a metaverse without bandwidth. We need high-performance connectivity capable of supporting the different demands of bandwidth-hungry applications in the metaverse.
That bandwidth must be widespread and affordable, too, to better support our underserved and under-connected communities. Visions of a virtual world often center on equal opportunities for everyone to create and explore. For that to happen inside the metaverse, we need to ensure a level playing field of connectivity in the real world first.
Low latency is as critical as air
Bandwidth is one thing, but if it takes the avatar we're engaging with several seconds to respond – or worse – then meta life is suddenly annoying and inhospitable. We already find it frustrating to have lag when streaming live sports or gaming online, and this will only be exacerbated when we are trying to fully immerse ourselves into a virtual world.
Technology such as edge computing – which can reduce network latency and improve reliability – will become increasingly important in networks that require real-time responsiveness.
Virtual hardware: The infrastructure of the metaverse
We've all been there: Hardware breaks, and we need to fix it. In that time, we need to be able to survive without whatever function that piece of hardware operated. But this can't happen in a metaverse – or at least it shouldn't, because we should have utilized virtualized functions for much of what the metaverse requires.
Deploying infrastructure functions using virtual machine and container concepts where they, like apps, can be deployed across the network at scale and in real time will be key. Classic network functions such as routing and switching will need to be fully virtualized. They need to be easily updated, upgraded, patched and deployed.
Software intelligence: The mayor of the metaverse
We need the metaverse to be software-defined to enable it to act quickly and seamlessly. It's the equivalent of a local government or council being able to repair our roads, remove the trash and control traffic flows in real time. This generally happens today in real life without us knowing, until it stops working and we wonder what happened.
Automation and AI, powered by programmable software capabilities, hold the key to helping speed the delivery of network rollouts, making them more accessible and adaptive.
An adaptive virtual programmable network will be able to identify a fault and self-heal, without the need for a physical truck-roll. It can draw resources – compute, storage, bandwidth – from underutilized areas to ramp up other parts of the metaverse seeing increased activity, and revert automatically when required.
Over the next several years, we will hear a lot of talk about the metaverse, but any innovation in use cases will not happen without the required network innovations. An adaptive network that provides software-controlled, high-capacity, low-latency connectivity will be even more important of a foundation for the future metaverse than it is for today's cloud apps.
The building blocks are already there for the artist formerly known as Facebook to build a hospitable metaverse, and as those technologies continue to evolve – driven by an expected uptick in innovation among tech developers looking to capitalize on the metaverse emergence – Meta will have more world-building tools to work with.
Simply put, it's not easy to build a virtual universe, but it's certainly something that we can bring closer to reality through proper network infrastructure investments and innovation.
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text:
Евгения Дампиловна Будажапова (1949―2012) ― российская бурятская художница, Заслуженный художник Республики Бурятия, Народный художник Республики Бурятия, дважды Лауреат Государственной премии Республики Бурятия в области литературы и искусства.

Биография

Родилась 14 сентября 1949 года в селе Большой Луг Кяхтинского района Бурятской АССР.

В 1966 году после окончания средней школы поступила в Улан-Удэнское медицинское училище. С 1969 по 1971 год работала заведующей фельдшерским пунктом посёлка Поворот Селенгинского района.

В 1971 году поступила в Иркутское художественное училище на отделение декоративно-прикладного искусства, которое окончила в 1976 году. Некоторое время жила в Иркутске, где работала художником-декоратором в Театре юного зрителя и в Драматическом театре имени Николая Охлопкова.

С 1974 года была участником различных республиканских, зональных, российских и зарубежных выставок, в том числе персональных в Художественном музее имени Цыренжапа Сампилова. Эти выставки проходили в 1979 и 1998 годах в Улан-Удэ, в 1990 году в Иркутске.

В 1979 году вернулась в Бурятию и начала работать художником-постановщиком в Государственном Бурятском академическом театре драмы имени Хоца Намсараева.

В 1980-х годах проходила учёбу во Всесоюзном институте повышения квалификации по специальности «Главный художник», и на высших курсах при союзе театральных деятелей России.

В 1988 году стала членом Союза художников России. С 1991 по 1999 год работала художником-оформителем спектаклей в Бурятском республиканском театре кукол «Ульгэр», где оформила многие известные спектакли, в частности такие как «Мудрая девица Ногоодой» и «Собаки». Оба эти спектакля принимали участие в Международном фестивале в Киеве и в фестивале имени Александра Вампилова.

Создала эскизы к спектаклям «Вечер» белорусского драматурга Алексея Дударева (1982), «Будамшу» Цырена Шагжина (1983), «Бальжин Хатан»  Доржи Эрдынеева (1985).

Помимо работы в театре, Будажапова писала живописные картины и портреты: «Портрет искусствоведа А.В.Тумахани», «Портрет Басты» (1997),«Портрет Майдари Жапхандаева» (1997),  «Бабье лето» (1998), «Портрет Ларисы Егоровой» (1998), «Игры лунного света» (1999),  «Воспоминания  о детстве» (1999), «Людмила» (2001), «Женщина над морем» (2001), «Берег» (2001).

Произведения Евгении Будажаповой находятся в Художественном музее имени Цыренжапа Сампилова и в частных коллекциях.

Была удостоена званиями «Лауреат всесоюзного фестиваля творческой молодёжи», Заслуженного художника Республики Бурятия и Народного художника Бурятии. Дважды награждена Государственной премией Республики Бурятия в области литературы и искусства.

Умерла 13 апреля 2012 года в Улан-Удэ.

См. также

Базаржапова, Галина Хандуевна
Дашиева, Татьяна Цыреновна
Дондокова, Нимацырен Данзановна
Дондокова, Нимацырен Данзановна
Доржиева, Дулгар Ринчиновна
Ленхобоева-Артугаева, Нина Токтохоевна
Раднаева, Галина Жигмытовна
Серова, Ольга Васильевна

Литература

Бороноева Т.А. Игры лунного света заметки о творчестве [бурят. худож.-декоратора] Е. Будажаповой) // Реалистическое и символическое в художественной культуре Бурятии. – Улан-Удэ, 2000. – С. 71-77.
Будажапова Е.Д. Портрет Егоровой Л.И. Эскиз к спектаклю«Приведение» Г. Ибсена // Современное изобразительное искусство Бурятии / вступит. ст. З.К. Церетели авт. проекта и сост. Р.Б. Цыденова, Л.М. Вишнякова, С.И. Ильин;  Творческий союз художниковРоссии, М-во культуры Республики Бурятия, Союз художников  Республики Бурятия, Художественный музей им. Ц.Сампилова. – Улан-Удэ: Б.и.,2003. – С. 10: цв. ил. – (К 80-летию Республики Бурятия, 70-летию Союза художников Республики Бурятия, 60-летию художественного музея им. Ц.Сампилова).
Будажапова Евгения: [кратк.  биогр. сведения] // Женщина у Байкала: выст. 22 марта-24 апреля 2001 г./ авт. текста Т.А.  Бороноева, сост.Т.А.  Бороноева, Т.Е. Алексеева. –Улан-Удэ, 2001. – С. 12.
Будажапова Евгения:[кратк. сведения] //Современное изобразительное искусство Бурятии: каталог / вступит. ст. В.Прокопьева, авт. проекта Р.Б. Цыденова, кураторы проекта: С.Л. Цоктоев, С.Э. Цыденова, С.И. Ильин; творческ. Союз художников России, М-во культуры Республики Бурятия, Союз художников Республики Бурятия. – [Б.м.]: [Б.и.],  2003. – С. 18: цв. ил.
Будажапова Евгения Дампиловна: [художник-постановщик] // Художники Бурятии: каталог 80-90-е годы. – Улан-Удэ, 2000. – С. 11: ил., портр.

Примечания

Ссылки
Календарь памятных дат
Teaтpaльнaя oбщecтвeннocть пpoщaeтcя c Eвгeниeй Бyдoжaпoвoй. Глaвный xyдoжник Бypдpaмa yшлa из жизни

Художники Бурятии
Декораторы
Родившиеся в Кяхтинском районе


We are seeking a bright, enthusiastic, computer literate person to join our busy Newton Abbot, family / matrimonial department.
The successful candidates priorities will be to deliver exceptional client care, to work as part of a team and advising the firm's clients on a wide range of family law matters to include: divorce, civil partnership, separation, cohabitee issues, family finance and children matters.
A knowledge of the legal aid system would also be desirable. We would expect the successful candidate to play an active part in the marketing of the department and to assist with building strong client relations at all times.


EUDML | L-guilds and binary L-merotopies. EuDML | L-guilds and binary L-merotopies.
Khare, Mona, and Singh, Rashmi. "L-guilds and binary L-merotopies.." Novi Sad Journal of Mathematics 36.2 (2006): 57-64. <http://eudml.org/doc/226849>.
TI - L-guilds and binary L-merotopies.