text:
Attila sau Atila (, , n. cca. 395 – d. 453) a fost cel mai puternic conducător al hunilor, domnind între anii 433–453.  Născut într-o familie nobilă, el l-a urmat la tron pe unchiul său Rugila, împreună cu fratele său Bleda. A condus Imperiul Hun care se întindea de la munții Ural la fluviul Rin și de la Dunăre la marea Baltică.
În timpul domniei sale a fost unul dintre cei mai de temut inamici ai Imperiilor Romane de Răsărit și de Apus, fiind poreclit în unele texte bisericești biciul lui Dumnezeu. El a traversat Dunărea de două ori și a jefuit în Balcani, dar nu a putut să ocupe Constantinopolul. De asemenea, el a încercat să cucerească Galia Romană (Franța modernă), traversând Rinul în 451 și mărșăluind spre Aurelianum (Orléans) înainte de a fi învins în Bătălia de pe Câmpiile Catalaunice.
Ulterior, el a invadat Italia, devastând provinciile nordice, dar nu a putut să ocupe Roma. A planificat inițierea unor noi campanii împotriva romanilor, dar a murit în 453.

Numele
Attila mai este cunoscut și ca Attila Hunul, fiind supranumit în unele texte bisericești "Biciul lui Dumnezeu".
Originea numelui lui Attila este neclară. Se spune că termenul de Attila provenea de la râul Volga. Alți istorici consideră că numele semnifică "conducătorul universal" în limba turcică relatată în Bulgaria Dunăreană.
Sunt multe variante în limbile moderne: Atli sau Atle în nordică, Attila/Atilla/Etele în maghiară, Etzel în germană, Attila, Atilla, Atilay ori Atila în turcă, și Adil sau Edil în kazahă ori Adil sau Edil în mongolă.

Origini
Ar avea sensul denumirii de tată, asemănătoare cu cea din limba gotică, și unele limbi slave (vezi în , pronunțat: [ateț], sau termenul probabil de origine mixtă, "ataman", în ucraineană), existentă în maghiară, "atya", și în nume proprii turcice ca Atatürk sau Almatî (Alma-Ata) și în denumirea de dregătorie turcă medievală "atalîk"
Un alt sens ipotetic ar fi o înrudire cu numele vechi turcic al fluviului Volga — Atyl/Atal/Atil. În cazul acesta numele ar însemna "Fluviu mare".

Sursele germanice
Attila este menționat ca Etzel în epopeea-legendă Cântecul Nibelungilor (Nibelungenlied), de asemenea ca Atli în legenda nordică "Volsunga Saga" și ca Attilius în "Thidrekssaga"; în germana veche, "Attli" însemna "tatăl" sau "cel bătrân". După o altă ipoteză, mai comună, Attila ar fi diminutiv al cuvântului "tată", însemnând "tătucul".

Alte surse
Alte cronici presupun că Attila Hunul, (406-453 d.H) ar fi fost de neam finic (finlandez). Celebra căpetenie Attila, care a pornit din Finlanda să cucerească lumea și a ajuns până în Sicilia, a lăsat în urmă doar moarte și teritorii pustiite. Acești huni erau mai cruzi decât tătarii (mongoli). Iar când armata lui Attila a vrut să se întoarcă, n-au continuat drumul spre casă, ci s-au oprit în Câmpia Panonică (actuala Ungarie).

Prima parte a vieții

Hunii înaintea lui Attila

Strămoșii hunilor au fost popoarele nomade din stepa mongolă, numite de către chinezi Xiongnu. Xiongnu au lansat raiduri devastatoare în China, fapt care a motivat construcția primei secțiuni a Marelui Zid Chinezesc. În anul 85, Dinastia Han a provocat numeroase înfrângeri popoarelor Xiongnu, ceea ce le-au determinat să se îndrepte spre vest. Unele popoare au ajuns în Scythia, unde au putut să cucerească numeroase triburi. Din amestecul acestor popoare s-au născut hunii. Principalele lor tehnici militare erau tragerea cu arcul și  aruncarea suliței, ambele efectuate călare. Sursa principală de hrană  erau  carnea și laptele, produse de turmele lor. Se spune că își păstrau carnea sub șaua de la cal. Călăreau din loc în loc în căutare de pășuni, jaf și pradă, iar când poposeau, se instalau în corturi. Hunii erau considerați niște creaturi hidoase în sursele antice. Copiilor li se turteau nasurile cu ajutorul unor scândurele fixate cu fâșii de pânză și își crestau fața  ca să nu se radă. După traversarea râului Volga în anii  370  și anexarea teritoriului alanilor, au atacat regatul gotic dintre Munții Carpați și Dunăre. Erau un popor foarte mobil, ai căror arcași călare dobândisera o reputație de invincibilitate, iar triburile germanice păreau incapabile să le țină piept. Populațiile invadate au fugit din calea hunilor, mutatându-se din Germania în Imperiul Roman, în vest și sud, și de-a lungul malurile Rinului și Dunării. În 376, goții au traversat Dunărea, pentru a-i sprijini pe romani, dar  s-au răzvrătit împotriva împăratului Valens, care a fost  ucis în Bătălia de la Adrianopol, în 378. La 31 decembrie 406, pentru a scăpa de huni, un număr mare de vandali, alanii, Suebii și burgunzii au trecut Rinul și au invadat Galia romană. Imperiul Roman, fiind scindat din 395, era condus  de două guverne distincte, unul cu sediul la Ravenna, în Occident, iar celălalt respectiv la Constantinopol, în est. În timpul vieții lui Attila, în ciuda luptelor pentru putere, împărații romani, atât de Est cât și de Vest erau, în general, din aceeași familie, theodosienii. Hunii au dominat un teritoriu vast cu  o confederație de popoare variate etnic. Unele popoare au fost asimilate de huni, dar multe și-au păstrat propriile lor identități și conducători, recunoscând însă suzeranitatea regelui hunilor. Până la Attila. În timpul domniei unchiului său Rua, hunii ajunseseră deja o putere atât de mare, încât Patriarhul Constantinopolului, Nestorie, deplângea situația cu aceste cuvinte: "Ei au devenit atât stăpânii cât și sclavii Romei".

Domnia lui Rua
La momentul nașterii lui Attila, în anul 395, hunii formau o coaliție organizată din clanuri nomade, fiecare cu un rege separat. Tatăl lui Attila, Mundzuk, era fratele regilor Octar și Rua, care domneau în comun asupra imperiului hunilor în secolul al V-lea. Familia sa era  nobilă, dar nu este sigur dacă se constituise o dinastie regală. În anii 420, unchiul lui Attila, Rua, a preluat puterea și a ucis alți regi, punând bazele imperiului hun. Această schimbare politică a dus la creșterea tributului și a plăților mercenarilor huni de către romani,  scăzând dependența hunilor față de păstorit. Roma îi plătea pe hunii lui Rua să se lupte între ei. Rua primea, de asemenea, 350 de kg de aur ca tribut anual din partea Imperiului Roman de Răsărit. Aveau astfel o economie nouă, bazată pe aur, în care oamenii nu mai aveau nevoie să urmeze turmele, iar puterea era centralizată.

Attila și Bleda
Rua a murit în 434 - istoria nu înregistrează cauza decesului. El a fost urmat de nepoții săi, Bleda și Attila. Nu este clar de ce fratele Bleda mai mare a fost în imposibilitatea de a prelua puterea exclusivă. Poate că Attila a fost mai puternic sau mai popular.

Cei doi frați au încercat să-și extindă imperiul lor în Persia, în 430, dar au fost învinși de Sassanizi. Când ei au încercat sa ocupe orașele est-romane și Constantinopolul, Imperiul Roman de Răsărit a cumpărat pacea în schimbul unui tribut anual de 700 de kg de aur în 435, ajungând la  kg în 442. Între timp, hunii au luptat ca mercenari în armata romană de Vest împotriva burgunzilor (în 436) și a goților (în 439).

În 445, Bleda a murit brusc. Ca și în cazul Rua, nici o cauză de deces nu este înregistrată, dar sursele romane de la acea dată și istoricii moderni presupun că Attila l-a ucis.

A doua parte a vieții

În 449, la Constantinopol, a fost trimis un ambasador imperial, Maximin, însoțit de Priscus,  ca să negocieze cu Attila pe tema creării unei zone tampon între  teritoriul hunilor și Imperiul Roman, și întoarcerea hunilor refugiați. Atunci când i-au oferit lada cu darurile de la Roma, Attila le-a refuzat. Ambasadorul (și Priscus) nu și-au dat seama că Vigilas, interpretul lor, a fost de fapt trimis să-l asasineze pe Attila, în complicitate cu consilierul său,  Edeco. După ce Edeco i-a dezvăluit întregul plan, Attila i-a trimis pe romani acasă, în dizgrație.
În 450, prințesa romană,  Honoria, i-a trimis o scrisoare și un inel. Honoria, sora împăratului Valentinian III, i-a spus că se va căsători  cu un senator roman  pe care nu-l plăcea și suferea de isteria provocată de o vizită pe care trebuia s-o facă la Constantinopol împreună cu evlavioasa soră a lui Theodosius al II-lea și alte maici. Ea i-a scris și cerut lui Attila să o salveze. Attila a interpretat acest lucru ca pe o propunere de căsătorie, și a  acceptat cu bucurie. Zestrea Honoriei a inclus jumătate din provinciile din Imperiul Roman de Apus, un premiu foarte frumos. Împăratul roman a refuzat să accepte acest aranjament, astfel Attila și-a adunat armata și s-a stabilit pentru a-și  pretinde soția. Împăratul și-a exilat sora la comanda mamei sale. Hunii au invadat rapid o mare parte din Franța și Germania. În 451, Attila a invadat Galia cu o armată de rugieni, scirieni, ostrogoți, jefuind, violând și incendiind totul în cale.

Bǎtǎlia de la Câmpiile Catalaunice
Invazia hunilor în Galia s-a oprit la Câmpiile Catalaunice, la Chalons, în nord-estul Franței. Armata lui Attila a luptat împotriva forțelor  conduse de  fostul său prieten și aliat, generalul roman Aetius, însoțit de trupele de alani și vizigoți conduse de Theodoric.
Attila a fost învins de generalul roman. Regele vizigoților, Theodoric, a murit ucis în luptă la comanda secretă a lui Aetius. Hunii s-au retras ca să se regrupeze. Anul următor, Attila a început invazia în Italia, îndreptându-se spre Roma.

Invazia Romei
Deși a fost învins în Franța, Attila a rămas dedicat căsătoriei cu Honoria și pentru dobândirea zestrei ei. În 452, hunii au invadat Italia, care a fost slăbită de o foamete lungă de doi ani și epidemii de boli. Ei au capturat repede cetățile întărite, inclusiv Padova și Milano. Cu toate acestea, hunii au fost descurajați să atace Roma din lipsa  proviziilor de hrană disponibile și de epidemia din acea vreme.
Papa Leon susținea că s-a întâlnit cu Attila și l-a convins să se întoarcă. Văzându-l pe Papa, Attila l-a văzut pe Sfântul Petru într-o halucinație. Povestea Papei nu are baze solide și cu toate acestea, povestea a suplimentat prestigiul Bisericii Catolice.
Când s-a întors, impresionat de civilizația romană, Attila a ordonat construirea unei băi termale după modelul roman.

Moartea

Attila avea în jur de 47 de ani în anul 453. Mintea îi slăbea pe zi ce trece, așa că s-a hotărât să se căsătorească din nou după 300 de mariaje. A luat-o pe Ildico (sau Hilda) ca nevastă, o minunată blondă, pe a cărei părinți îi măcelarise în Galia. Attila a organizat o petrecere fastuoasă în timpul nunții cu o mulțime de invitați și mult alcool. În dimineața următoare, a fost găsit mort pe podeaua de lângă pat, cu gura plină de sânge. Ildico era șocată și ghemuită într-un colț al patului.S-a presupus că l-ar fi otrăvit ea pentru a-și răzbuna părinții uciși în Galia. Unii istorici presupun că Attila a suferit o hemoragie internă în noaptea nunții sau ar fi murit din cauza excesului de alcool de-a lungul vieții.
Tot în același an, Aetius, generalul roman care i-a adus victoria de la Chalons, a fost ucis de mâna împăratului. În 455, la rândul său, Valentian este asasinat de un partizan de-al lui Aetius.
Attila a fost îngropat în trei sicrie într-un loc ascuns. Cei care l-au îngropat au fost imediat uciși pentru a nu se afla locul unde a fost înmormântat. Attila a fost succedat de fiii săi: Elak, Denghizich, Emnedzar, Uzindar, Geisen și Ernak.
Doar la un an după moartea lui Attila, goții i-au învins pe huni în bătălia de la Nedao, alungându-i din Pannonia.
Elak a fost ucis în luptă, iar Dengizich a devenit rege. Dengizich a fost determinat să întoarcă Imperiul hunilor înapoi la zilele de glorie. În 469, el a trimis o cerere la Constantinopol ca Imperiul Roman de Răsărit să aducă un omagiu hunilor din nou. Fratele său mai mic Ernak a refuzat să se implice în acest demers, și și-a scos poporul din alianță cu Dengizich.
Romanii au refuzat cererea lui Dengizich. Dengizik a atacat, iar armata sa a fost zdrobită de trupele bizantine. Dengizik a fost ucis.  Ce a mai rămas din clanul lui Dengizik s-au alăturat oamenilor lui Ernak, și au fost absorbiți de către bulgari, strămoșii bulgarilor de astăzi. La doar 16 ani după moartea lui Attila, hunii au încetat să mai existe ca hanat independent.

Amintirea

În epopeea Cântecul Nibelungilor, Krimhilde (Ildikó), în dorința de a răzbuna moartea lui Siegfried, se căsătorește cu Attila, în cele din urmă îl răzbună pe iubitul ei. Attila este prezentat în această legendă într-o lumină favorabilă, ca un conducător drept. Asocierea dintre Krimhilde și Ildiko este dovedit a fi o simplă speculație întrucât Prințesa Krimhilde are rădăcini veridic nordice.

În izvoarele ecleziastice este menționat faptul că la Mantova nu l-ar fi întâlnit numai pe Papa Leon I cel Mare, ci i-ar fi apărut înșiși sfinții Petru și Paul, ocrotitorii Romei, gata să apere Cetatea Eternă, iar înfricoșat de această viziune, ar fi decis să se retragă (referitor la această temă a se vedea pictura lui Rafael).
Istoriografia creștină l-a numit flagellum Dei ("biciul lui Dumnezeu").Cronicile maghiare medievale au transmis o tradiție conform căreia dinastia arpadiană descindea din același clan din care făcuse parte și Attila. De exemplu notarul Anonymus în Gesta Hungarorum:

De asemenea în legendele secuiești trăiește tradiția hunilor ("secuii, care înainte erau poporul lui Attila"):
.
O fortificație romană situată în apropiere de orașul Schwäbisch Gmünd era menționată încă în secolul al XIV-lea ca "Etzelsburg" ("Cetatea lui Attila").  De asemenea, un deal al satului Ațel (situat în apropiere de Sighișoara), al cărui nume german este "Hetzeldorf", "Etzeldorf", "Satul lui Attila",}} păstrează tradiția prezenței hunilor în acele locuri. Conform miturilor locale, pe dealul respectiv ar fi înmormântată o căpetenie tribală a lui Attila, sau chiar Attila însuși.

Biografie
 Babcock, Michael A. (2005). The Night Attila Died: Solving the Murder of Attila the Hun (Berkley Publishing Group, ISBN 0-425-20272-0)
 Blockley, R.C. (1983). The Fragmentary Classicising Historians of the Later Roman Empire, vol. II (ISBN 0-905205-15-4). This is a collection of fragments from Priscus, Olympiodorus, and others, with original text and translation.
 Gibbon, Edward (1776–1789). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. London: Strahan & Cadell.
 Gordon, C. D. (1960). The Age of Attila: Fifth-century Byzantium and the Barbarians (Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, ISBN 0-472-06111-9). This is a translated collection, with commentary and annotation, of ancient writings on the subject, including Priscus.
 Heather, Peter (2005). The Fall of the Roman Empire—A New History of Rome and the Barbarians (Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-515954-3)
 Howarth, Patrick (1994). Attila, King of the Huns: The Man and the Myth (ISBN 0786709308).
 Macartney, C. A. (1934). "The End of the Huns". Journal of Hellenic Studies 10: 106–114.
 Maenchen-Helfen, J. Otto (1973). The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture (Berkeley, University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-01596-7)
 Man, John (2005) Attila: The Barbarian King Who Challenged Rome (Bantam Press, ISBN 0-593-05291-9)
 Thompson, E. A. (1948). A History of Attila and the Huns (London, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-8371-7640-9). [This is the authoritative English work on the subject. It was reprinted in 1999 as The Huns in the Peoples of Europe series (ISBN 0-631-21443-7). Thompson did not enter controversies over Hunnic origins and considers that Attila's victories were achieved only when there was no concerted opposition.

Note

 ^ The Journey of William of Rubruck to the Eastern Parts of the World, 1253–55: As Narrated by Himself with Two Accounts of the Earlier Journey of John of Pian de Carpine, page 107, Willem Van Ruysbroeck, William Woodville Rockhill, Asian Educational Services, 1998. ISBN 978-81-206-1338-6
 ^ "Άττίλα/Αίίϋα.95 in 1955 I showed that 'Αττίλας/Attila should be analyzed as a composite title consisting of *es 'great, old', *t4l· 'sea, ocean', and the suffix /a/. The stressed back syllabic til (= tlill) assimilated the front member es, so it became *as.96 The consonantic sequence s-t (aș til-) became, due to metathesis, t-s, which by assimilation resulted in tt.97 in 1981 I was able to establish a Danube-Bulgarian nominative-suffix /A/ from the consonantic stems.98 Recalling that Danube-Bulgarian was a Hunnic language, I can now add to the data in the article of 1955 the following: the Hunnic title attila is a nominative,(in /A/) form of attil- (< *etsil < *es til) with the meaning "the oceanic, universal [ruler];" cf. the title of the Pećeneg ruler Куря, i.e., Kür+ä,meaning "universal" (cf. no. 3)." Pritsak, Omeljan. 1982 "The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan." Harvard Ukrainian Studies, vol. 6, pp. 428–476.[1]
 ^ Maenchen-Helfen, Otto (1973). "Chapter 9.4". The World of the Huns. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-01596-8.
 ^ (Escher & Lebedynsky 2007, p. 25)
 ^ (Rouche 2009, p. 413)
 ^ (Escher & Lebedynsky 2007, p. 30)
 ^ a b (Escher & Lebedynsky 2007, p. 32)
 ^ a b (Rouche 2009, p. 354)
 ^ (Escher & Lebedynsky 2007, pp. 33–37)
 ^ Bakker, Marco. "Attila the Hun". Reportret. Retrieved 9 martie 2013.
 ^ Herwig Wolfram, The Roman Empire and its Germanic peoples, University of California Press, 1997, ISBN 978-0-520-08511-4, p. 143.
 ^ The Goths by Jordanes. Translated by Charles Christopher Mierow. Chapter 35: Attila the Hun
 ^ De Guignes, Joseph (1756–1758). Histoire générale des Huns, des Turcs, des Mongols et des autres Tartares.
 ^ "Transylvania through the age of migrations". Eliznik.org.uk. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
 ^ Calise, J.M.P. (2002). 'Pictish Sourcebook: Documents of Medieval Legend and Dark Age History'. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p279, ISBN 0-313-32295-3
 ^ Peckham, D. Paulston, C. B. (1998). Linguistic Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe. Clevedon, UK : Multilingual Matters. p100, ISBN 1-85359-416-4
 ^ Canfield, R.L. (1991). Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p49, ISBN 0-521-52291-9
 ^ Frazee, C.A. (2002). Two Thousand Years Ago: The World at the Time of Jesus. Wm. B. Eerdmans[citation needed]
 ^ (Rouche 2009, p. 259)
 ^ Omeljan Pritsak (1982). "Hunnic names of the Attila clan". Harvard Ukrainian Studies VI: 444.
 ^ Alexander Vovin 2000
 ^ Carl Waldman,Catherine Mason (2006). Encyclopedia of European Peoples. Infobase Publishing. p. 393. ISBN 1438129181
 ^ Jordanès, XXXV
 ^ (Escher & Lebedynsky 2007, p. 80)
 ^ Template:Ouvrage
 ^ Template:Ouvrage
 ^ (Escher & Lebedynsky 2007, p. 40)
 ^ (Bóna 2002, p. 15)
 ^ (Rouche 2009, pp. 133–151)
 ^ (Rouche 2009, p. 100)
 ^ (Escher & Lebedynsky 2007, p. 233)
 ^ (Lebedynsky 2011, p. 13)
 ^ (Lebedynsky 2011, p. 11)
 ^ (Rouche 2009, p. 111)
 ^ (Rouche 2009, p. 128)
 ^ Howarth, Patrick (1995). Attila, King of the Huns. New York: Barnes & Noble Publishing. pp. 191–92. ISBN 978-0-7607-0033-4.
 ^ Dupuy, R. Ernest and Trevor N. Dupuy, The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History , 4th Edition, (HarperCollins Publishers, 1993), 189
 ^ "Priscus of Panium: fragments from the Embassy to Attila". 9.homepage.villanova.edu. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
 ^ J.B. Bury, The Invasion of Europe by the Barbarians, lecture IX (e-text)
 ^ The vitae are summarized in Thomas Hodgkin, Italy and Her Invaders (New York: Russell & Russell, 1967 reprint of the original 1880–89 edition), volume II pp. 128ff.
 ^ Catholic Online (31 iulie 2008). "St. Lupus – Saints & Angels – Catholic Online". Catholic.org. Archived from the original on 30 iulie 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
 ^ "Pope St. Leo I (the Great)" in the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia.
 ^ E.A. Thompson, The Huns, revised with an afterword by Peter Heather, Blackwell Publishers, 1996. p. 161
 ^ Thompson-Heather, pp. 160–161
 ^ a b Thompson-Heather, p. 163
 ^ Hydatius, Chron Min. ii pp. 26ff
 ^ Thompson, The Huns, p. 164.
 ^ Man, Nigel (2006). Attila. Thomas Dunne Books. p. 264. ISBN 978-0-312-34939-4.
 ^ Marcellinus Comes, Chronicon (e-text), quoted in Hector Munro Chadwick: The Heroic Age (London, Cambridge University Press, 1926), p. 39 n. 1.
 ^ Volsunga Saga, Chapter 39; Poetic Edda, Atlamol En Grönlenzku, The Greenland Ballad of Atli
 ^ Babcock, Michael A. The Night Attila Died: Solving the Murder of Attila the Hun, Berkley Books, 2005 ISBN 0-425-20272-0
 ^ Creasy, Decisive Battles of the World, pp 178–179.
 ^ Living with the dead in the Middle Ages, page 63, Patrick J. Geary, Cornell University Press, 1994. ISBN 978-0-8014-8098-0
 ^ European weapons and armour : from the Renaissance to the industrial revolution, page 151, R Ewart Oakeshott, North Hollywood, Calif. : Beinfeld Pub., 1980. ISBN 978-0-917714-27-6
 ^ Hungarians and Europe in the early Middle Ages. András Róna-Tas. English edition 1999, translated by Nicholas Bodoczky, Central European University Press. ISBN 978-963-9116-48-1. pp 424–427.
 ^ Hermann Fillitz, Die Schatzkammer in Wien: Symbole abendländischen Kaisertums; ChicagoHungarians.com Illustration of the Vienna Kunsthistorisches Museum's ninth-tenth century "Sword of God"
 ^ The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Edward Gibbon, Esq. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman. Volume Three, Complete Contents. 1782 (Written), 1845 (Revised) Chapter XXXV: Invasion By Attila.
 ^ "Medieval Sourcebook, Leo I and Attila". Fordham.edu. Archived from the original on 30 septembrie 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
 ^ Atlakvitha en grönlenzka Henry Adams Bellows' translation and commentary
 ^ R. G. Finch (ed. and trans.), The Saga of the Volsungs (London: Nelson, 1965), available at [2]
 ^ Atlamol en grönlenzku Translation and commentary by Henry A. Bellows
 ^ The Uses of the Past in the Early Middle Ages, page 245, Yitzhak Hen, Matthew Innes, Cambridge University Press, 2000. ISBN 9780521639989
 ^ Glimpses of World History, page 919, Jawaharlal Nehru, Lindsay Drummond limited, 1949.
 ^ Der Spiegel 6th November 1948
 ^ Edmund Wright, Thomas Edmund Farnsworth Wright, A dictionary of world history, Oxford University Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-19-920247-8, p. 41. The invasion, which was likened to the action of Attila the Hun, put into effect Turkey's scheme for the partition of Cyprus (Atilla Plan).

Legături externe

 Attila, "Biciul lui Dumnezeu" , 6 mai 2010, Simona Deleanu, Historia
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Education Week - August 29, 2012 - (Page 18)
18 EDUCATION WEEK n AUGUST 29, 2012 n www.edweek.org COMMENTARY www.edweek.org/go/commentary Let the Dialogue Begin It's Time for Independent Schools to Start Sharing What They Know are hyperselective, and fewer still are heavily endowed with either new or old money. Most independent schools—and as an industry we represent an astounding spectrum of missions, cultures, and purposes—are tuition-driven and serve students with a wide range of capacities from families who work hard for their money. Most schools also happen to offer generous financial aid. In any event, I'm not here to plead the case for independent schools; they can do that for themselves. Instead, I want to issue a challenge, primarily to independent schools and their leaders, but also to public school educators. Some background: For the last 20 or so years, from an independent school perspective, the public sector has staggered under a succession of regulatory measures that appear misguided at best and at worst downright punitive toward teachers, schools, and above all students, especially in the most economically disadvantaged districts. The national conversa- A By Peter Gow s an independent school student, teacher, coach, adviser, administrator, and most recently parent, I've drunk deep of the message that there is a legitimate and worthy alternative to public education. In my many roles, I have seen educators toil and students struggle, and I have seen hard work pay off in myriad kinds of authentic student success. I am well aware that not everyone sees the virtues of independent education. Our schools are called exclusive, even elitist, and overresourced, and we are accused of merely basking in the reflected glory of family wealth that guarantees our students' success. As usual, though, popular images exaggerate reality; only a tiny portion of independent schools Public school leaders [should] ask independent schools, perhaps even demand of us, how we might be of service." tion on education has focused on "failing" schools, allegedly incompetent teachers, and disaffected and disengaged communities of students and parents—as if these were somehow the norm. I don't believe they are, but politicians have made hay on the issue, iStockphoto/DrAfter123 " Trimming the Cost of Common-Core Implementation T By Patrick J. Murphy & Elliot M. Regenstein he Common Core State Standards are designed to have a transformative effect on teaching and learning in the United States. But, as we all know, the 46 states and the District of Columbia that have adopted the common core are just beginning the journey of implementation. A great deal of thoughtful work is required to implement the standards successfully, and that work will not come without a price tag. As the adopting states develop and launch plans for the common core, they are almost universally shying away from honest discussions about how much those plans are going to cost. We believe that a frank conversation about the expense of this work is necessary, largely because state leaders who make smart choices can shepherd the process in a cost-effective manner. As we argued in our recent report, "Putting a Price Tag on the Common Core: How Much Will Smart Implementation Cost?," the statewide cost of bringing the common core to classrooms could be reduced significantly if states were willing to rethink implementation. Our report focuses on three key areas of expense: new instructional materials, new assessments, and professional development. While we realize that even the most efficient approach is likely to lead to some new expenses, we believe that states can minimize the cost by taking advantage of emerging best practices and consciously repurposing existing state funding streams focused on these areas. Our paper attempts to estimate the cost of transition during the initial implementation phase. We first estimated the expenses associated with a business-asusual scenario, in which states simply spend more on traditional delivery methods—hard-copy textbooks, face-to-face professional development, and paper-based standardized tests. Such an approach would, according to our calculations, require an additional $12 billion in spending across the 46 states and the District of Columbia, or an average increase of $289 in per-student spending. Don't let sticker shock set in. This group of states already spends about $525 billion in federal, state, and local funds on education in a single year. The increase here would represent less than 3 percent of that figure. But the common core will only cost that much to implement if states make no effort to reduce incremental costs of materials, assessments, and professional development. With some changes in approach—what we call "balanced implementation"—the total cost could drop to less than half the estimate: roughly $5.1 billion, or $121 per student. And if we consider the fact that some existing resources could be repurposed, the additional net cost for states could be even lower, likely less than $100 per student. What does our balanced-implementation scenario look like? Our ideas include: • Moving away from hard-copy textbooks and doing more sharing of online materials. New platforms are available for self-publishing textbooks, and opportunities have grown whereby educators can collaborate beyond their districts to develop great materials. We can already see examples of cross-state sharing of curriculum and materials, such as the tri-state materials-sharing platform utilized by Massachusetts, New York, and Rhode Island. Florida has begun to look for ways to move away from hard-copy textbooks. And advances in technology are easing the production and use of e-readers and electronic textbooks, as well as online-resource exchanges. • Using computer-administered technology to offer formative assessments. The federally funded testing consortia, Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers, or parcc, and Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium, are in the process of creating new, universal assessment tools. States should take advantage of these resources, rather than try to reinvent the wheel when it comes to testing. • Delivering professional development through a mix of in-person and online instruction. Customized professional development should address the needs of individual teachers, including specific gaps in knowledge and areas needing growth. Online libraries of training videos are another resource that can provide teachers with access to relevant professional development. Charter managers, such as New Tech Network, have designed professional-development modules that serve more schools more effectively and facilitate higher-quality conversations among teachers who " State leaders who make smart choices can shepherd [standards] implementation in a cost-effective manner." share similar content and instructional goals. Leading states, districts, and charter providers have adopted these practices and are finding that they can maintain or increase instructional quality while lowering costs. West Virginia and Utah, for example, are using their top teachers to help develop professional-development units and making those available on a dedicated website. These states are not treating common-core implementation as something above and beyond their usual use of materials, assessments, and professional-development practices. Instead, they are viewing the transition to the common core as an opportunity to adapt their practices in an effort to deliver 21st-century education. http://www.edweek.org http://www.edweek.org/go/commentary
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Education Week - August 29, 2012
Education Week - August 29, 2012
FOCUS ON: AGE: Districts Adjust To Growth in Older Population
Catholic Ed., K-12 Charters Squaring Off
Advocacy Tactics Found To Differ by Families' Class
Educator Cadres Formed to Support Common Tests
Ala. Blocked From Asking About Students' Citizenship Status
Most Students Still Not College-Ready, ACT Report Finds
Study: Vouchers Linked to College-Going For Black Students
NSF Awards Grants for Climate-Change Education
Ed. Dept. Gears Up to Manage NCLB Waiver Oversight
Poll Hints Tight Presidential Race on K-12
PETER GOW: Let the Dialogue Begin: It's Time for Independent Schools to Start Sharing What They Know
PATRICK J. MURPHY & ELLIOT M. REGENSTEIN: Trimming the Cost Of Common-Core Implementation
MALCOLM GAULD: Sowing Parents' Role In Character Development
Top School Jobs Recruitment Marketplace
MIKE SCHMOKER: The Next Education Fad: Complex Teacher Evaluations That Don't Work

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Starlet is a spicy, orange blossom and rose long-wearing perfume in the Opus Oils Burlesque Collection. When I wear Starlet, I feel like an Old Hollywood starlet. Well, I feel that way every day, but you get what I'm saying 🙂 . This juice has a classic vibe.
Starlet is beautiful. It opens with green roses and tangy orange blossom water. It's really a starlet. It's glamorous in a classic way. With a little more time, the roses become powdery, more feminine. Orange florals are still there. On me, Starlet begins to develop past the powdery and into spice. It's noticeably nutmeg. I get a carnation like spiciness from Starlet too. This adds to the old-fashioned glamor. Starlet is not a shy spicy floral.
Starlet is a perfume for people that respect old, classic perfumes. Sniffing Starlet is like sniffing an old, unlabeled perfume resting on an antique waterfall dresser. The thick, oily juice is dark amber. You sniff it and you see the powdered faces of 1930's Hollywood icons like Bette Davis and Katharine Hepburn. Starlet is glamorous in that Old Hollywood way that so many of us love.
Notes listed include Turkish rose, Bulgarian rose, Egyptian orange blossom, orange blossom water, neroli, cocoa and nutmeg.
Many sizes are available. The 1/2 ounce Starlet parfum retails for $55 at Opus Oils.
*Disclaimer – A sample was provided by Opus Oils. I am not financially compensated for this review or any others. My opinions are my own.
Product pic from Opus Oils. Bette Davis is from www.fanpix.net.
sounds right up my alley, esp with Bulgarian rose!
It's a wonderful balance of rose and orange blossoms. Mmmm….
I've been wanting to try some Opus oils. Which do you think I'd like, or have you tried many?
I haven't tried many. If I come across something that I'd think you'd like then I will let you know.
Starlet sounds fantastic! I could use some glamour in my life. Perhaps a few dabs of Starlet will put some stars in my eyes!


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Forget speculation…let's focus on the here and now.
My fellow Reds,
Waking up this morning, I could not help but crack a cheeky smile. Why you say? Was this down to the continued linkage with that Dutch fella, or maybe it was the prospect that an immediate team photograph was not on the horizon (going out on a limb in stressing that had the summer wheeling & dealing been done, we would of had this sorted by now? Possibility.) The answer is a resounding no!
As of today, Wednesday the 24th of August, we are sitting pretty on top of the table, all be it shared, for now! This of course began with an unforgettable performance against those lot in the Community Shield that brought out the best in the new look team. This was followed up with 3 points from a very tricky away encounter to West Brom & a breathtaking 2nd half performance against the Londoners Tottenham Hotspur. Major fears about our potential continuation of the "mediocre away displays", have not as of yet been quelled but what a breath of fresh air it was to see our two midfield men driving forward at every given opportunity. For the first time, in a very long time, we forced the home side to rely predominantly on countering. Now I'm not saying we were spectacular for the full 90 minutes but I do, however, feel that for the first 20 and the last 45, we were not too far off
However, one thing that strikes me as peculiar is why so many people continue to cry out for investment. This of course is in relation our "weak" midfield options. A continuous press linkage to Sneijder is not helping the cause in any way.
Ryan Tunnicliffe. Photo: Dean Mouhtaropoulos (Getty Images)
Being a long serving subject of Manchester United has its obvious perks; trophies, superstar players & a continued confidence in whatever XI is privileged enough to own the famous jersey. Then there is, of course, the drawbacks: an all too common example of this is the trend of knee-jerking. Many reds see the departure of Roy Keane as a void which is still to filled. Sitting back and watching the fairytale end of our ginger prince, has only added dementia to the scenario. Transfer speculation, scapegoats (Carrick comes to mind) and a continued pecking on the proverbial shoulder of "we are not good enough in the centre of the park" is something which needs to be put to bed this instant. One further perk, which is arguably the most enjoyable as a red is our world-famous youth structure. I am personally quite pleased with what we have available to us and it is such a joy (as a proud supporter of United since the 80's) to see such fantastic potential coming through again. Real potential stars such as your Cleverley's, to your Pogba's and not forgetting(for some reason ignored as of late) Mr Tunnicliffe. What potential this boy has. He is big, physical and a genuine ball winner. 6 months in the royal rumble that is the Championship is going to add more ferocity and bite to the already sturdy game this lad already possesses. We are privileged as a club to have such talent coming through again and who knows, maybe a similarity to the once sturdy, never say die mentality of a certain Cork man, coupled with the vision & creativity of our little wizard, is already in the works.
Anderson celebrates scoring against Tottenham Hotspur. Photo: Alex Livesey (Getty Images)
Ignoring what the years ahead hold, what our current central midfield has done in the first 3 games has been unexpected to say the least. Few would have thought Anderson and Cleverley would have been able to control a midfield so well but having seen them entrusted with the responsibility of controlling the game is nothing short of a breath of fresh air. Anderson who has, in part, struggled to live up to his price tag since arriving has never truly been given the thumbs up from a large quantity of United sections. Now, take into account that the boy is just off of the back of his first full, injury-free pre-season and how do we assess the situation? Three games played(including the shield) and a marked improvement in each having scored 4 goals in his last 5 appearances. How do we truly rate a player & his potential? One solid way of doing this is to take game #1 and take notes in comparison to #2. Each game the boy has improved and even bagged a goal for his efforts. Over the two league games, Anderson has posted passing percentages of 90.5, with 9 tackles won & 7 interceptions. Compare these with those of Thomas Cleverley. Over the two games he has posted a passing percentage of 90, with 3 tackles won & 1 interception. Not forgetting a delightful pass which inevitably led to his first assist of the season.
What does this tell us people? For me, it screams not only potential but a desire to finally transfer this potential to profit. The two boys are young and the only way either of them can grow as footballers is to get match time, something which SAF will know. It is blatantly obvious that young footballers feed off of the confidence/faith being shown in them and the results are clear as day. If indeed this marquee signing takes place, then what does it mean for our lads? Sure, we could argue that the experience of a Sneijder could only benefit the boys in training but I for one would not be as ecstatic as others to see it come to fruition. Should the cycle occur and everybody could indeed remain happy then what would become of Mr Pogba & Mr Tunnicliffe? To put it in the words of a wise ol' man I know, we would be cutting off our nose to spite our face. Put faith in youth & more importantly, in SAF.
Author: Shaun Connolly
Robin Le Normand being heavily scouted by Man United


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Ed Broadbent
Votes - Ed Broadbent
(October 4, 2004 to November 29, 2005)
The Honourable
Ottawa Centre
Parliament, Session
Votes Respecting Bills
House Government Bill 69
Private Member's Bill 20
Senate Public Bill 1
Budgetary Policy 8
Concurrence in Committee Reports 15
Government Motions 4
Motions (Routine Proceedings) 1
Opposition Motions 25
Private Members Motions 13
Ways and Means Motions 5
Agreed To 120
Negatived 52
Tie 2
Vote Number
Vote Respecting
Vote Result
No. 190 Opposition Motion (Confidence in the Government) Yea Agreed To November 28, 2005
No. 189 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-380, An Act to amend the Canada Labour Code (pregnant or nursing employees) Yea Agreed To November 23, 2005
No. 188 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-251, An Act to amend the Parliament of Canada Act (members who cross the floor) Yea Negatived November 23, 2005
No. 187 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-301, An Act to amend the Old Age Security Act (monthly guaranteed income supplement) Yea Agreed To November 23, 2005
No. 186 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-248, An Act to amend the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (trafficking in a controlled drug or substance within five hundred metres of an elementary school or a high school) Yea Agreed To November 23, 2005
No. 185 Ways and Means motion No. 10 Yea Agreed To November 23, 2005
No. 184 Appointment of an officer of Parliament Yea Agreed To November 23, 2005
No. 183 Opposition Motion (World Trade Organization negotiations) Yea Agreed To November 22, 2005
No. 182 Opposition Motion (39th general election) Yea Agreed To November 21, 2005
No. 181 Referral of a question of privilege to committee Nay Negatived November 15, 2005
No. 180 Opposition Motion (Access to Information Act) Yea Agreed To November 15, 2005
No. 179 Private Members' Business M-253 (Strychnine solution) Nay Negatived November 2, 2005
No. 178 Private Members' Business M-135 (Queensway-Carleton Hospital) Yea Negatived October 26, 2005
No. 177 Private Members' Business M-135 (Queensway-Carleton Hospital) (amendment) Yea Negatived October 26, 2005
No. 176 Private Members' Business M-153 (Firefighters) Yea Agreed To October 26, 2005
No. 175 Private Members' Business M-153 (Firefighters) (amendment) Yea Agreed To October 26, 2005
No. 174 House Government Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-64, An Act to amend the Criminal Code (vehicle identification number) Yea Agreed To October 25, 2005
No. 173 House Government Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-65, An Act to amend the Criminal Code (street racing) and to make a consequential amendment to another Act Yea Agreed To October 25, 2005
No. 172 House Government Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-63, An Act to amend An Act to amend the Canada Elections Act and the Income Tax Act Yea Agreed To October 18, 2005
No. 171 House Government Bill 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-28, An Act to amend the Food and Drugs Act Nay Agreed To October 18, 2005
No. 170 Private Members' Business M-227 (Personal or private property) Nay Negatived October 5, 2005
No. 169 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-363, An Act to amend the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation Act (profits distributed to provinces) Yea Negatived October 5, 2005
No. 168 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-360, An Act to prevent psychological harassment in the workplace and to amend the Canada Labour Code Yea Negatived October 5, 2005
No. 167 Private Members' Business M-164 (Textile and clothing industries) Yea Agreed To October 5, 2005
No. 166 Private Members' Business M-164 (Textile and clothing industries) (amendment) Yea Agreed To October 5, 2005
No. 165 Sixth Report of the Standing Committee on Justice, Human Rights, Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Yea Agreed To October 5, 2005
No. 164 Fourth Report of the Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics Yea Agreed To October 5, 2005
No. 163 Second Report of the Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans Yea Agreed To October 5, 2005
No. 162 14th Report of the Standing Committee on Health Yea Agreed To October 5, 2005
No. 161 House Government Bill 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-25, An Act governing the operation of remote sensing space systems Nay Agreed To October 5, 2005
No. 160 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-313, An Act to amend the Criminal Code (prohibited sexual acts) Nay Negatived September 28, 2005
No. 159 Private Members' Business M-221 (Age of consent) Nay Negatived September 28, 2005
No. 158 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-260, An Act respecting the negotiation, approval, tabling and publication of treaties Nay Negatived September 28, 2005
No. 157 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-293, An Act to amend the Criminal Code (theft of a motor vehicle) Nay Negatived September 28, 2005
No. 156 House Government Bill 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-38, An Act respecting certain aspects of legal capacity for marriage for civil purposes Yea Agreed To June 28, 2005
No. 155 House Government Bill Bill C-38, An Act respecting certain aspects of legal capacity for marriage for civil purposes (recommittal to a committee) Nay Negatived June 28, 2005
No. 146 House Government Bill 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-48, An Act to authorize the Minister of Finance to make certain payments Yea Agreed To June 23, 2005
No. 145 House Government Bill Bill C-48, An Act to authorize the Minister of Finance to make certain payments (recommittal to a committee) Nay Negatived June 23, 2005
No. 144 House Government Bill 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-48, An Act to authorize the Minister of Finance to make certain payments (subamendment) Nay Negatived June 23, 2005
No. 143 House Government Bill Time allocation for Bill C-48, An Act to authorize the Minister of Finance to make certain payments Yea Agreed To June 23, 2005
No. 142 Government Business No. 17 (Extended sitting period) Yea Agreed To June 23, 2005
No. 141 Government Business No. 17 (Extended sitting period) (amendment) Nay Negatived June 23, 2005
No. 140 Motion for closure Yea Agreed To June 23, 2005
No. 135 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-312, An Act to amend the Canada Elections Act (appointment of returning officers) Yea Agreed To June 22, 2005
No. 134 House Government Bill Concurrence at report stage of Bill C-48, An Act to authorize the Minister of Finance to make certain payments Yea Agreed To June 21, 2005
No. 133 House Government Bill Bill C-48, An Act to authorize the Minister of Finance to make certain payments (report stage amendment) Yea Agreed To June 21, 2005
No. 132 House Government Bill Bill C-48, An Act to authorize the Minister of Finance to make certain payments (report stage subamendment) Nay Negatived June 21, 2005
No. 127 Motion to adjourn the debate Yea Agreed To June 21, 2005
No. 125 House Government Bill 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-43, An Act to implement certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on February 23, 2005 Yea Agreed To June 16, 2005
No. 121 House Government Bill Concurrence at report stage of Bill C-25, An Act governing the operation of remote sensing space systems Nay Agreed To June 14, 2005
No. 120 House Government Bill Concurrence at report stage of Bill C-43, An Act to implement certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on February 23, 2005 Yea Agreed To June 14, 2005
No. 119 House Government Bill Bill C-43, An Act to implement certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on February 23, 2005 (report stage amendment) Yea Agreed To June 14, 2005
No. 117 House Government Bill Bill C-43, An Act to implement certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on February 23, 2005 (report stage subamendment) Nay Agreed To June 14, 2005
No. 116 House Government Bill Bill C-43, An Act to implement certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on February 23, 2005 (report stage amendment) Nay Negatived June 14, 2005
No. 111 House Government Bill 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-58, An Act for granting to Her Majesty certain sums of money for the federal public administration for the financial year ending March 31, 2006 Yea Agreed To June 14, 2005
No. 110 House Government Bill Concurrence at report stage of Bill C-58, An Act for granting to Her Majesty certain sums of money for the federal public administration for the financial year ending March 31, 2006 Yea Agreed To June 14, 2005
No. 109 House Government Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-58, An Act for granting to Her Majesty certain sums of money for the federal public administration for the financial year ending March 31, 2006 Yea Agreed To June 14, 2005
No. 108 Concurrence in estimates Yea Agreed To June 14, 2005
No. 107 Concurrence in an opposed item Yea Agreed To June 14, 2005
No. 104 Opposition Motion (Child care) Nay Negatived June 14, 2005
No. 103 Opposition Motion (Strategy to help older workers) Yea Agreed To June 14, 2005
No. 102 Government Business No. 16 (Extension of sitting hours in June) Yea Agreed To June 13, 2005
No. 101 House Government Bill 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-22, An Act to establish the Department of Social Development and to amend and repeal certain related Acts Nay Agreed To June 8, 2005
No. 100 Government Business No. 15 (Review of Delegated Legislation) Yea Agreed To June 8, 2005
No. 99 Private Members' Business M-195 (Foreign Credential Recognition Program) Yea Agreed To June 7, 2005
No. 98 Opposition Motion (Discrimination on the basis of political opinion) Yea Agreed To June 7, 2005
No. 97 Opposition Motion (Employment Insurance) Yea Negatived June 7, 2005
No. 96 Opposition Motion (National strategy for health) Yea Agreed To June 7, 2005
No. 95 Opposition Motion (National strategy for health) (amendment) Yea Agreed To June 7, 2005
No. 94 House Government Bill 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-23, An Act to establish the Department of Human Resources and Skills Development and to amend and repeal certain related Acts Nay Agreed To June 1, 2005
No. 93 Opposition Motion (Gomery commission terms of reference) Nay Negatived June 1, 2005
No. 92 House Government Bill 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-9, An Act to establish the Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Yea Agreed To June 1, 2005
No. 91 House Government Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-48, An Act to authorize the Minister of Finance to make certain payments Yea Tie May 19, 2005
No. 90 House Government Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-43, An Act to implement certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on February 23, 2005 Yea Agreed To May 19, 2005
No. 89 Second Report of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade Yea Agreed To May 18, 2005
No. 88 Motion to adjourn the House Nay Agreed To May 13, 2005
No. 87 Motion to hear another Member Nay Agreed To May 13, 2005
No. 84 Motion to adjourn the debate Yea Negatived May 11, 2005
No. 83 Amendment to the First Report of the Standing Committee on Public Accounts Nay Agreed To May 10, 2005
No. 82 Amendment to the First Report of the Standing Committee on Public Accounts (amendment) Nay Agreed To May 10, 2005
No. 81 House Government Bill Concurrence at report stage of Bill C-9, An Act to establish the Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Yea Agreed To May 10, 2005
No. 80 House Government Bill Motion respecting Senate amendments to Bill C-12, An Act to prevent the introduction and spread of communicable diseases Yea Agreed To May 10, 2005
No. 79 Motion to adjourn the debate Yea Agreed To May 10, 2005
No. 78 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-274, An Act to amend the Patent Act Yea Negatived May 4, 2005
No. 77 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-215, An Act to amend the Criminal Code (consecutive sentence for use of firearm in commission of offence) Yea Tie May 4, 2005
No. 76 House Government Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-38, An Act respecting certain aspects of legal capacity for marriage for civil purposes Yea Agreed To May 4, 2005
No. 75 House Government Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-38, An Act respecting certain aspects of legal capacity for marriage for civil purposes (previous question) Yea Agreed To May 4, 2005
No. 74 Fourth Report of the Standing Committee on Justice, Human Rights, Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Yea Agreed To May 4, 2005
No. 73 Fourth Report of the Standing Committee on Justice, Human Rights, Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness (previous question) Yea Agreed To May 4, 2005
No. 72 Motion to adjourn the debate Nay Agreed To May 4, 2005
No. 71 Motion to adjourn the debate Yea Negatived May 3, 2005
No. 70 Third Report of the Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-Food Yea Agreed To May 2, 2005
No. 69 Third Report of the Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-Food (amendment) Nay Negatived May 2, 2005
No. 68 Private Members' Business M-165 (Gasoline prices) Yea Negatived April 20, 2005
No. 67 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-265, An Act to amend the Income Tax Act (exemption from taxation of 50% of United States social security payments to Canadian residents) Yea Agreed To April 20, 2005
No. 66 Seventh Report of the Standing Committee on Health Yea Agreed To April 20, 2005
No. 65 Opposition Motion (Sponsorship Program (trust account)) Yea Agreed To April 19, 2005
No. 64 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-280, An Act to amend the Employment Insurance Act (Employment Insurance Account and premium rate setting) and another Act in consequence Yea Agreed To April 13, 2005
No. 63 Senate Public Bill 2nd reading of Bill S-3, An Act to amend the Official Languages Act (promotion of English and French) Yea Agreed To April 13, 2005
No. 62 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-263, An Act to amend the Canada Labour Code (replacement workers) Yea Negatived April 13, 2005
No. 61 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-236, An Act to amend the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (student loan) Yea Negatived April 13, 2005
No. 60 Fourth Report of the Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Nay Agreed To April 12, 2005
No. 59 Fourth Report of the Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development (amendment) Yea Negatived April 12, 2005
No. 58 Opposition Motion (Air India bombing) Yea Agreed To April 12, 2005
No. 57 House Government Bill 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-30, An Act to amend the Parliament of Canada Act and the Salaries Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts Yea Agreed To April 12, 2005
No. 56 House Government Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-38, An Act respecting certain aspects of legal capacity for marriage for civil purposes (reasoned amendment) Nay Negatived April 12, 2005
No. 55 Private Members' Business M-193 (First Nations, Métis and Inuit war veterans) Yea Agreed To April 6, 2005
No. 54 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-278, An Act to amend the Employment Insurance Act (improvement of the employment insurance system) Yea Negatived April 6, 2005
No. 53 Fourth Report of the Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development Yea Agreed To April 6, 2005
No. 52 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-272, An Act to amend the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (sponsorship of relative) Yea Negatived March 23, 2005
No. 51 Private Members' Business M-195 (Foreign Credential Recognition Program) (amendment) Nay Negatived March 23, 2005
No. 50 House Government Bill Concurrence at report stage of Bill C-30, An Act to amend the Parliament of Canada Act and the Salaries Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts Yea Agreed To March 23, 2005
No. 49 House Government Bill Bill C-30, An Act to amend the Parliament of Canada Act and the Salaries Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts (report stage amendment) Yea Agreed To March 23, 2005
No. 48 House Government Bill Concurrence at report stage of Bill C-22, An Act to establish the Department of Social Development and to amend and repeal certain related Acts Nay Agreed To March 22, 2005
No. 47 House Government Bill Concurrence at report stage of Bill C-23, An Act to establish the Department of Human Resources and Skills Development and to amend and repeal certain related Acts Nay Agreed To March 22, 2005
No. 46 Opposition Motion (Equalization) Yea Negatived March 22, 2005
No. 45 Opposition Motion (Equalization) (amendment) Yea Negatived March 22, 2005
No. 44 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-283, An Act to amend the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act and the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations Yea Agreed To March 9, 2005
No. 43 Budgetary policy Nay Agreed To March 9, 2005
No. 42 Budgetary policy (amendment) Nay Negatived March 8, 2005
No. 41 Budgetary policy (subamendment) Yea Negatived March 7, 2005
No. 40 Opposition Motion (Light duty vehicle emission standards) Yea Negatived February 22, 2005
No. 39 Opposition Motion (Accountability of foundations) Yea Agreed To February 22, 2005
No. 38 House Government Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-32, An Act to amend the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts Nay Negatived February 15, 2005
No. 37 House Government Bill 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-24, An Act to amend the Federal-Provincial Fiscal Arrangements Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts (fiscal equalization payments to the provinces and funding to the territories) Yea Agreed To February 15, 2005
No. 36 House Government Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-31, An Act to establish the Department of International Trade and to make related amendments to certain Acts Nay Negatived February 15, 2005
No. 35 Opposition Motion (Childcare funding) Nay Negatived February 15, 2005
No. 34 Private Member's Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-206, An Act to amend the Food and Drugs Act (warning labels regarding the consumption of alcohol) Yea Agreed To February 9, 2005
No. 31 House Government Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-24, An Act to amend the Federal-Provincial Fiscal Arrangements Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts (fiscal equalization payments to the provinces and funding to the territories) Yea Agreed To February 2, 2005
No. 30 House Government Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-30, An Act to amend the Parliament of Canada Act and the Salaries Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts Yea Agreed To December 9, 2004
No. 29 Concurrence in an opposed item Yea Agreed To December 9, 2004
No. 27 Motion to restore a vote in estimates Nay Negatived December 9, 2004
No. 25 Opposition Motion (Sockeye salmon stocks) Yea Negatived December 9, 2004
No. 24 House Government Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-22, An Act to establish the Department of Social Development and to amend and repeal certain related Acts Yea Agreed To December 7, 2004
No. 23 House Government Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-9, An Act to establish the Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Yea Agreed To December 7, 2004
No. 22 House Government Bill 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-14, An Act to give effect to a land claims and self-government agreement among the Tlicho, the Government of the Northwest Territories and the Government of Canada, to make related amendments to the Mackenzie Valley Resource Management Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts Yea Agreed To December 7, 2004
No. 21 House Government Bill 3rd reading and adoption of Bill C-5, An Act to provide financial assistance for post-secondary education savings Nay Agreed To December 7, 2004
No. 20 Opposition Motion (Mad cow crisis) Yea Agreed To December 7, 2004
No. 19 House Government Bill Bill C-5, An Act to provide financial assistance for post-secondary education savings (report stage amendment) Yea Negatived December 1, 2004
No. 17 Opposition Motion (Mirabel Airport) Yea Agreed To November 30, 2004
No. 16 House Government Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-23, An Act to establish the Department of Human Resources and Skills Development and to amend and repeal certain related Acts Yea Agreed To November 23, 2004
No. 15 House Government Bill Bill C-21, An Act respecting not-for-profit corporations and other corporations without share capital (referral to a committee before second reading) Yea Agreed To November 23, 2004
No. 14 House Government Bill Bill C-7, An Act to amend the Department of Canadian Heritage Act and the Parks Canada Agency Act and to make related amendments to other Acts (report stage amendment) Yea Agreed To November 23, 2004
No. 13 Opposition Motion (Processed trans fatty acids) Yea Agreed To November 23, 2004
No. 12 House Government Bill Concurrence at report stage of Bill C-6, An Act to establish the Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness and to amend or repeal certain Acts Yea Agreed To November 16, 2004
No. 11 House Government Bill Bill C-6, An Act to establish the Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness and to amend or repeal certain Acts (report stage amendment) Nay Negatived November 16, 2004
No. 10 Opposition Motion (Offshore oil and gas revenues) Yea Negatived November 15, 2004
No. 9 House Government Bill Bill C-17, An Act to amend the Contraventions Act and the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts (referral to a committee before second reading) Yea Agreed To November 2, 2004
No. 8 House Government Bill Bill C-13, An Act to amend the Criminal Code, the DNA Identification Act and the National Defence Act (referral to a committee before second reading) Yea Agreed To November 2, 2004
No. 7 House Government Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-14, An Act to give effect to a land claims and self-government agreement among the Tlicho, the Government of the Northwest Territories and the Government of Canada, to make related amendments to the Mackenzie Valley Resource Management Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts Yea Agreed To November 2, 2004
No. 6 Opposition Motion (Fiscal imbalance) Yea Agreed To November 2, 2004
No. 5 Opposition Motion (National Defence Policies) Nay Negatived October 26, 2004
No. 4 Ways and Means motion No. 1 Yea Agreed To October 18, 2004
No. 3 House Government Bill 2nd reading of Bill C-3, An Act to amend the Canada Shipping Act, the Canada Shipping Act, 2001, the Canada National Marine Conservation Areas Act and the Oceans Act Yea Agreed To October 18, 2004
No. 2 House Government Bill Bill C-11, An Act to establish a procedure for the disclosure of wrongdoings in the public sector, including the protection of persons who disclose the wrongdoings (referral to a committee before second reading) Yea Agreed To October 18, 2004
No. 1 House Government Bill Bill C-2, An Act to amend the Criminal Code (protection of children and other vulnerable persons) and the Canada Evidence Act (referral to a committee before second reading) Yea Agreed To October 18, 2004


text:
Christopher Miller was born in Switzerland on the cusp of the first hydrogen bomb's test detonation. His legitimate professions, in no particular order, include stock boy, paper boy, pot washer, geriatric orderly, union rep, subcontract painter, farmer, technical writer, cookie factory worker, software developer, line cook, dish washer and restaurateur. He's tried his hand at chess, Go and classical guitar. His father is a semi-renowned theologian. His mother composes logic puzzles for Penny Press. He has two sons, and one granddaughter who also wants to be a writer.
The Jellyfish
Christopher Miller
Yea, slimy things did crawl with legs / Upon the slimy sea.
—Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
After the starter's bang, it takes us nine billion years to get here, then another billion to attain life, almost three billion more for some of us to become jellyfish, but then only a tenth that to slither ashore, even less to grow fur and walk erect, and almost no time at all after that to discover fire and nonstick cookware, and begin to wonder why.
After Pearl asks Gilles to dance, it takes her three weeks to get him horizontal and then another twelve to get him to the altar. It takes her four years and three expensive and intrusive in vitro fertilizations to conceive, and then another thirty-seven weeks to deliver by Cesarean their twins, Coral and Willow. Inspired by fertility clinic videos and Pearl's remote readiness, Gilles never needs longer than a minute to do his part though.
It takes Pearl just over two decades to suggest a swinger's resort holiday, but only a year to talk Gilles into it once she has, and then only a minute to book it through the Internet once Tropicquest has their Visa.
"There'll be lots going on," she says. "It'll be exciting."
Whenever Gilles needs quiet, he floats facedown in their six-person saltwater Jacuzzi.
Pearl cups and lifts one breast and then the other. Her new saline-filled implants provide a very natural feel. "It's not like you have to attend all the mixers," she says. "I mean, it might be fun just to hit a few on our own...maybe." Her fingers trace the 3 cm. scar that smiles in the crest of each.
Gilles's arms, legs and genitalia dangle and sway in the jets' throaty currents. His knuckles sweep the tub's non-slip fiberglass bottom. Below, in chlorine green, appears a woman. She often visits during his quiet time. Her slender arms seem to reach up to him. Her jacket's sequins always make him think of a fish's scales; perhaps it is her unblinking eyes. He can hold his breath for over four minutes.
Pearl blinks and steps naked from the water. Gilles continues to float, rocking gently in the wake of her departure. His ample body fat makes him buoyant. He is so pale as to be almost translucent.
It has taken two weeks of verbal and three pages of written instruction for Pearl to be okay with leaving the twins alone. She worries about the syringe she found just lying right out in the open on Coral's nightstand, and wonders if it's true what her daughter said about only skin-popping on weekends and about needles only being addictive and hardcore and dangerous if you do IV. And she wonders if the neat rows of parallel cuts and scabs that furl along Willow's inner thighs like some strange foreign flag whose elaborate barcode design she has twice caught her augmenting with a razorblade in the bathtub are as normal as she claims, if a girl would really have to be an emotionless blob not to cut herself a little. But the girls are too old for a babysitter, and she herself was young once—and survived.
The twins try not to see them off with too much enthusiasm. "Don't do anything I wouldn't do," laughs Willow, who will give her new boyfriend herpes. "That's right," beams Coral, who will get pregnant and also need to have her stomach pumped, "you all behave yourselves."
Because of accidents on the 401 and a dawdling fare in Oakville, it takes Red Cap three hours to get them to Toronto's Pearson airport, and (thanks to a Tropicquest screw-up) another fourteen hours before their plane, which must first make a round trip to Las Vegas, can be boarded, and then (thanks to an irate last minute deplaning) another three before it finally takes off. Because of the resultant long layover in Los Angeles and a much shorter one in Sydney, it is almost two days until they land at Darwin International Airport, but then only an hour until a courtesy coach arrives to take them to their four-and-a-half-star resort on Fanny Bay. March is still monsoon season on Australia's tropical northern coast. During their ninety-minute bus ride it is pissing down so hard it's like they're in a submarine.
The hot tub in their suite is not as large as the one on their deck at home. But it affords a much nicer view. The rain has eased. Tentacles of it still reach down from a few overhead clouds. But the horizon is clear. The sun is a glob of bloody orange goo hissing into the bay.
"Isn't that the most amazing sunset you've ever seen?" says Pearl looking out over water so perfectly azure it almost stings her eyes.
Gilles's elbows and knees drag on the bottom of the tub, keeping him from bobbing or drifting much. His eyes are open, even though the bubble-bath that Pearl has put in the water stings them. Below, the woman's gradual sinking makes it look as though her hair is rising, reaching for the surface, like flaxen coral. Above, a man spits down accusations he can no longer hear, even with the jets off.
"There's a balloon dance in the Shore Lounge tonight," continues Pearl. "The brochure says they put up these big nets and then fill the dance floor with all sorts of different colored balloons. So you kind of have to grope your way around I guess. Doesn't that sound like fun?" His butt makes her think of a pair of squished-together balloons floating in the tub. "I'm going now," she says. "Why don't you come down after you finish your bath?" Then she leaves him a note.
Couples have begun to pair off by the time Gilles makes his way down. He scans the dim lounge for Pearl, but she is nowhere to be seen. Because he is reluctant to sit alone or to join strangers, many of whom are necking and fondling, he drifts out onto the dance floor, into a strobe-lit sea of balloons. There he explores blouses and tank tops, denim bums and silk panties. His fingers rake and caress without discrimination. A large androgynous woman presses close to him. She is squeezed into a green taffeta gown that is so tight it makes her bottom feel like a shell. She has huge shoulders and a great beak of a nose, but almost no neck. Her skin is dark and sun leathered, so it is impossible to assess her age. She might be ancient. She kisses him and claws at his trousers with thick fingernails. There is uric acid on her breath, like she has been eating raw oysters. He pulls some balloons between them and pushes himself away.
Back in the lounge Gilles spots Pearl sitting at the bar with a young man whose nametag identifies him as Todd, a hospitality worker for the resort. He has long sun-bleached hair and tanned muscles that ripple like the sand at the bottom of shallow, wavy water. Pearl is flushed, almost inflamed. She has her hand on Todd's thigh, and his is on her shoulder, almost on her breast. Gilles returns to the room, runs fresh bathwater, and then furiously masturbates into it.
The next day is hot and unseasonably sunny. Almost everyone is at the beach. Many are in the water. Todd, the young hospitality worker, is there too. He is rubbing sunscreen onto Pearl's back when a girl swimming just inside the buoy line is stung on the hand by something. She comes ashore wailing. A few thin red welts streak from the webbing between her thumb and forefinger to just below her wrist. Todd calls her over and dabs something from a first-aid kit onto them.
The girl continues to keen. Swimmers begin to leave the water. Drawn to her distress, a group of people gathers. "Any trouble breathing love?" asks Todd. The girl shakes her head. "Reach across the net did you?" She shakes her head again. Todd studies the fine angry brushstrokes on her hand. "Hurt much?" The girl bursts into tears.
More people arrive. "So is it safe to go in the water or what?" asks a man carrying a snorkel and a pair of flippers.
"Won't kid you mate," says Todd. "The nets'll keep out the big jellies, but maybe not the smaller boxes and blue bottles, and definitely not the deadly irukandji—them little suckers are smaller'n your willy! And even just a piece of a dead jellyfish or man-of-war can wash through the net and hurt you pretty bad." He smiles at the stung girl and strokes her hair. "Isn't that so love?" The girl manages to smile back.
"Well shit," says another man. "I don't recall seeing anything about that in any of the brochures."
Todd laughs. "Isn't there something about exploring a diverse variety of marine life?"
"And there's nothing you can do about it?" The man is not amused.
"The jellyfish is the oldest form of life on Earth," says Todd, his voice sing-song now. "No skeleton, and yet it is a powerful swimmer. No brain, and yet it is a stealthy and voracious predator that hunts by sight." He has given this lecture many times before. "Jellyfish kill more people than stonefish, sharks and saltwater crocs combined," he continues. "Its tentacles and body are coated with nematocysts, pressurized little hypodermics primed to inject their toxin at the slightest touch. A large jelly can have over a hundred meters of tentacles; contact with nine is enough to kill you. Survivors say the pain is like being burned and skinned alive at the same time."
The stung girl nods solemnly.
Todd releases her hand. "They say that after a jellyfish has stung you, you begin to appreciate hell."
"Sea turtles eat them," says Gilles as though to redeem them.
"Right, right you are mate," says Todd. "No one knows how though."
"And they mate without touching," says Gilles.
"Guess they'd pretty much have to," says Pearl.
"The male puts his seed in the water, and then the female gathers it up."
"Gross," says the stung girl. The crowd begins to disperse.
People wade, but few venture far from shore. A group of European men in thongs fill plastic pails with water to throw on female sunbathers. Todd resumes massaging sunscreen onto Pearl's back. Gilles watches as she unhooks her top. Then he walks to the water. His gut flops down over his massive trunks. He waddles like a creature that is uncomfortable on land.
Pearl squirms, rolls over and pulls Todd's hands to her new breasts, pleased to note the effect this has on his Speedo. By the time Todd is groping his way into places that sunscreen is unlikely to be helpful and Pearl is rubbing him in sympathetic and encouraging reciprocation, Gilles has swum out beyond the buoys.
The bay is calm and quiet. Gilles glides. The layers of fat that hamper him and drag him down on land serve now to hold him aloft. The water is a window through which, even without goggles, he can see the schools of multicolored fish that dart and sway as a single organism and play around him like subatomic particles. Tiny crabs shuffle and hide on the sandy bottom. Gilles swims efficiently, almost motionlessly, using his entire body. Pearl wriggles out of her bottoms.
Then he sees it—her. She rises into his field of vision as if summoned from the deep, her sphincteral velarium dilating and contracting, her bell expanding and compressing like the breast of some great goddess being squeezed. Gentle underwater breezes brush and tease her delicate lappets and glistening subumbrellar tentacles, long flowing diamond hair that streams behind her billowing and waving, a crystalline mushroom cloud cloaked in a halo of sunlight split into its spectral rainbow. She is the most beautiful thing he has ever encountered. Saltwater from Gilles's eyes returns to the sea as he removes his trunks and casts his seed into her waters. She shoots closer. He can see the excited trembling of her fringe-like marginal tentacles as his seed stretches and swirls into milky globular strands, spirals of DNA that reach down to her. Another of her watery breaths and he can see the menagerie of fragile marine skeletons embedded in her oral arms, arms with which she explores his primordial offering, her body undulating, so transparent it is impossible to tell where she begins and the sea ends.
But she rejects his gift. Worse, she is repulsed by his proposition and makes no pretense, as Pearl sometimes will, otherwise. Even the nibbling silver minnows that appear do not entice her. She avoids him with grace, but also with such determination and haste that she propels herself into the net hanging from the buoys. Her slender legs splay under the inertia of her final thrust and become entwined in black nylon mesh, exposing her reproductive organs and mouth.
When Gilles crawls naked from the sea, he is weeping. His arms and chest are streaked with crimson plumes and lashes, but that are not the reason for his tears. He welcomes the fire; the fire consumes the pain within.
Ashore, he stands erect and walks, dragging his trunks behind him by their stretched-tight drawstring. They are filled with a gelatinous mass, some of which oozes past the lining and out the legs, breaking away onto the sand in quivering blobs. A young German running with a pail of seawater toward some topless Japanese girls steps on one of the glassy fibers trailing from Gilles's trunks and falls screaming and spitting obscenities in his mother tongue.
Farther up, Todd and Pearl lie in the shade of a cabana's broad umbrella, their brains awash in endorphins. Pearl has just reached down to test the possibility of a resurrection. And there is potential. In the distance, the German begins to howl. An American joins in. High overhead, a gull cries. Reacting to Pearl's casual probes, Todd's oily fingers begin to explore. Pearl arches, gasping and sighing in open surprise and satisfaction. As the slime from Gilles's swimwear washes over them.


text:
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block head %}
{{ super() }}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/leaflet.css') }}" />

{% endblock %}
{% block navigation %}
{{ super() }}
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}

Data Import

Fetch OSM Data for the shown Extend?

        <form id="import" class="uk-form">

 Select which types of roads should be excluded:

Roads

                            <input name="motorway" type="checkbox" id="form-s-c11">motorway

                            <input name="trunk" type="checkbox" id="form-s-c12">trunk

                            <input name="primary" type="checkbox" id="form-s-c13">primary

                            <input name="secondary" type="checkbox" id="form-s-c14">secondary

                            <input name="tertiary" type="checkbox" id="form-s-c15">tertiary

                            <input name="unclassified"  type="checkbox" id="form-s-c16">unclassified

                            <input name="residential" type="checkbox" id="form-s-c17">residential

                            <input name="service" type="checkbox" id="form-s-c18">service

Link roads

                            <input name="motorway_link" type="checkbox" id="form-s-c21">motorway_link

                            <input name="trunk_link" type="checkbox" id="form-s-c22">trunk_link

                            <input name="primary_link" type="checkbox" id="form-s-c23">primary_link

                            <input name="secondary_link" type="checkbox" id="form-s-c24">secondary_link

                            <input name="tertiary_link" type="checkbox" id="form-s-c25">tertiary_link

Special road types

                            <input name="living_street" type="checkbox" id="form-s-c31">living_street

                            <input name="pedestrian"  type="checkbox" id="form-s-c32">pedestrian

                            <input name="track"  type="checkbox" checked id="form-s-c33">track

                            <input name="path" type="checkbox" checked id="form-s-c36">path

                            <input name="footway" type="checkbox" checked id="form-s-c36">footway

                            <input name="cycleway" type="checkbox" checked id="form-s-c36">cycleway

                            <input name="bridleway" type="checkbox" checked id="form-s-c36">bridleway

                            <input name="steps" type="checkbox" checked id="form-s-c36">steps

                            <input name="bus_guideway"  type="checkbox" id="form-s-c34">bus_guideway

                            <input name="raceway"  type="checkbox" id="form-s-c35">raceway

                            <input name="road" type="checkbox" id="form-s-c36">road

                Download OSM Data Abort and Delete Data

        </form>

{% endblock %}
{% block offcanvasnav %}
{{ super() }}
{% endblock %}
{% block body_js %}

{% endblock %}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


After some geocaching yesterday, and a couple hours writing, I ran into Steve Mallet. Steve always seems to know what's going on. Yesterday, for example, he knew that Drupal was having a conference here in Portland at the same time as OSCon. We treked across town, and spent a very enjoyable few hours with the Drupal folks.
When I got back to the hotel, Clint picked me up, and we went down to Canby to visit Del and Lynn, who seem to be doing really well, and are anxious to get home as soon as possible and get back to their lives.
Then, we headed back to Portland, and went to Mudai, where we hung out until about 11. Wonderful, wonderful food.
Although I missed the Extravaganza, about which I'm a little disappointed, I really come to these things primarily for the chance to spend time with certain people, and meet new people. So, in all, it was a day very well spent, even though almost none of it was actually at the conference that I came all this way to attend.
But I'm a little disappointed to have missed the State of the Onion, which is always a high point of the week. I wonder if someone recorded it.


text:
Beginner's Home
Fingering Chart
Low D
Clearing/Cleaning
Make It Tunable
Whistles & Accs.
All Whistles & Accs.
High-end Whistles
Low Whistles
Whistle/Tutor Sets
Whistle Accs.
Songbooks,
Videos & CDs
Whistle Tutors
Whistle Songbooks
Pocketbooks
Slow Session
Original Clarke Tinwhistle
Key of D or C
Black or Silver
The "Original" Clarke is back!
For several years, Clarke had been using a redesigned logo on their whistles. They have now changed back to the very popular original design (see image to the left).
Click here to see what the "new-style" label looked like
The Silver-painted Original Clarke!
Clarke has discontinued their "Natural" Original Whistle and has come out with a Silver-painted version. This version currently does not have the Clarke logo painted on it, or the diamonds between the finger holes (it is simply a silver-colored whistle).
The Original Clarke Tinwhistle is available in the keys of C and D (D is the most popular key for traditional Irish music). This whistle is made of tin-plate, and has a wooden fipple (mouthpiece), giving it a warm, flute-like tone. Also included is a song sheet with fingering chart.
Clarke has been making their Penny Whistles, basically unchanged, since 1843. Look below for the Robert Clarke story.
If you are unsure which key to order, please see our Beginner's Section for more info.
Note that we also offer a "tweaked" version of the Original Clarke whistle in the key of D. See our "Tweeked" Original Clarke Page for more details about what we do to tweak this whistle - and to order one!
The Robert Clarke Story:
In 1843, Robert Clarke a poor farm laborer left his employer after having been unjustly accused of dishonesty. He was a talented amateur musician and played a wooden whistle. He developed the idea of copying his whistle but used tinplate to do so. He made the block in the mouthpiece out of wood which he cut into shape using a homemade saw. This saw started life as one of his wife's corset stays! Then he decided to mass produce his new style of whistle. He loaded the necessary materials and his simple tools onto a handbarrow and, together with his son, walked all the way from Suffolk to Manchester. On the way he would set up his workshop barrow in market places, showing how the whistles were made and selling them. He would also play for the entertainment of the crowds that gathered round. His most popular piece was "Danny Boy". It is said that the whole busy market would stop and listen when he played this piece.
Paint styles are subject to change without notice
(Don't forget to order a Whistle Pouch for your whistle!)
Original Clarke
Simply select your whistle from the proper Dropdown Box below, adjust the quantity if desired, then click the "Add to Your Shopping Cart" button.
Original Clarke D Whistles Select D whistles here #118 - Original Clarke Whistle, Key of D, BLACK - $16.95 #118S - Original Clarke Whistle, Key of D, SILVER - $16.95 qty:
Original Clarke C�Whistles Select C whistles here #116 - Original Clarke Whistle, Key of C, BLACK - $16.95 OUT OF STOCK! - #116S - Original Clarke Whistle, Key of C, SILVER - $16.95 qty:
Orders outside the U.S. must be for a minimum of $30.00 in merchandise!
Copyright 1998 - 2018 The Whistle Shop
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text:
Q: How I can estimate growth of SQL Server database (Azure)? For now I have database size 24MB and only 5MB data and I am trying to calculate future growth of database after release. The most obvious approach for me is to take one record size from table and multiply it to imaginary number. After searching I found several scripts but i could not get proper result.
According to this script I got the value for one record about 2.5KB that seems quit big.
SELECT
    t.NAME AS TableName,
    s.Name AS SchemaName,
    p.rows AS RowCounts,
    SUM(a.total_pages) * 8 AS TotalSpaceKB,
    CAST(ROUND(((SUM(a.total_pages) * 8) / 1024.00), 2) AS NUMERIC(36, 2)) AS TotalSpaceMB,
    SUM(a.used_pages) * 8 AS UsedSpaceKB,
    CAST(ROUND(((SUM(a.used_pages) * 8) / 1024.00), 2) AS NUMERIC(36, 2)) AS UsedSpaceMB,
    (SUM(a.total_pages) - SUM(a.used_pages)) * 8 AS UnusedSpaceKB,
    CAST(ROUND(((SUM(a.total_pages) - SUM(a.used_pages)) * 8) / 1024.00, 2) AS NUMERIC(36, 2)) AS UnusedSpaceMB
FROM
    sys.tables t
INNER JOIN
    sys.indexes i ON t.OBJECT_ID = i.object_id
INNER JOIN
    sys.partitions p ON i.object_id = p.OBJECT_ID AND i.index_id = p.index_id
INNER JOIN
    sys.allocation_units a ON p.partition_id = a.container_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
    sys.schemas s ON t.schema_id = s.schema_id
WHERE
    t.NAME NOT LIKE 'dt%'
    AND t.is_ms_shipped = 0
    AND i.OBJECT_ID > 255
GROUP BY
    t.Name, s.Name, p.Rows
ORDER BY
    t.Name

This script show me the size of each record in the table, in my case it was 77 bytes that looks more true and in the same time completely confuse me.
declare @table varchar(20)
declare @idcol varchar(10)
declare @sql varchar(1000)

set @table = 'Compliants'
set @idcol = 'Id'
set @sql = 'select ' + @idcol +' , (0'

select @sql = @sql + ' + isnull(datalength(' + name + '), 1)'
    from syscolumns where id = object_id(@table)
set @sql = @sql + ') as rowsize from ' + @table + ' order by rowsize desc'

exec (@sql)

I need this calculation to be sure about future speeding that is impossible without estimate how database size will increase after release. Is there any technique to do so?

A: I found solution for my question! This is a tool that calculates growth of database SQL Server db size estimator

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Wheel out the DS... It's time for New Super Mario Bros
I've decided that I need to play some more handheld games. I'm mostly going to play iPhone games, but I've also had some Nintendo DS games recommended to me recently that I figured I should try.
First up: the New Super Mario Bros. I was never a big Nintendo player as a kid. It really wasn't until I picked up Windwaker that I really played a Nintendo game for more than a few passing moments (I picked up a Gamecube the night I first tried WW). I disliked Mario Sunshine (the 3-d world and mini games ended up more frustrating than fun for me) and Metroid Prime (save points and losing all my powers 10 minutes into the game killed it for me). But I did love the Paper Mario RPG except for the end battle, which I gave up on because I couldn't stand replaying 15 minutes of movies each time I failed and had to try again.
Then game the Wii. The launch version of Zelda didn't really appeal to me. Okami was fresh in my mind and I couldn't get that excited about another wolf + child game. Super Mario Galaxy blew me away, though. I've referred to it in other posts -- but quite simply it was one of the most polished and fun experiences I've had in a while. Moment-to-moment game play was interesting, fresh, and fun. And the learn-as-you-play aspect to the game really set the bar as far as how to introduce players to complexity via fun building block puzzles.
New Super Mario Bros has also been a delight. The most interesting choice that I think the team made was to use the lower touch-screen in a very circumscribed manner. Basically, if you went exploring down a pipe, the game play switched from top screen to bottom screen. The touch pad was really only used for two purposes: Moving from one world to the other and as a place to store an extra powerup that you could use when needed. This meant that Mario still felt and played like other Mario games: You didn't need to use fancy gestures or blowing motions to get him to do tricks. All that was required was the d-pad, A button, and B button.
The game also seemed to be less hardcore in terms of difficulty and challenge than previous versions I played. Maybe I'm just getting better as a gamer, but it seemed like resources (to be spent on power ups, 1 ups, and the like) were plentiful and even though some levels seemed impossible initially, they could mostly be either puzzled through through skill or brute forced through grinding and acquisition of power ups.
One issue that I'm facing right now is that of content discovery. It's clear that there are a number of interesting looking areas that are inaccessible to me right now. Because I'm probably 2/3rds the way through the game, I'm left to wonder whether I've just failed to discover how to access this extra content or whether it will be opened up as part of the final third of game play.
I think I've mentioned before the issue of "trust" when it comes to evaluating a game and determining whether or not to continue when the initial experience (or a later section of game play) fails to meet expectations. Because I "trust" the game designers at this point (the game so far has been well paced and fun), I trust that I'm not truly missing content due to bad usability or design -- and that I will gain access to these areas when the time is right.
At some point I'd like to delve into this issue deeper to understand the intrinsic (game quality) and extrinsic (marketing, friend reviews, etc) factors that lead to increased or decreased trust -- which will lead to an increased or decreased willingness to forgive a crappy first (or later) impression.
Posted by Jason Schklar at 10:33 PM
Tags: ds, initial experience, mario, nintendo, okami, super mario galaxy, wii, windwaker
Speaking of sandboxes... Kingdom for Kelflings
Fracture Demo: More sandbox, please...
New Super Mario Bros: I finished it!
Tomb Raider: Underworld Demo... Bump it up my Game...
Mirror's Edge Demo: Too short, man... too short....
Pre-birthday housekeeping...
Wheel out the DS... It's time for New Super Mario ...
My Xbox 360 Avatard...
Housekeeping (and more Dead Space)
Dead Space: More...
Dead Space: Initial Experience
Midnight Club & Dead Space


text:
Nim's Island (2008)
P.S. I Love You (2007)
Dear Frankie (2005)
The Phantom of the Opera (2004)
Timeline (2003)
Lara Croft — Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life (2003)
Reign of Fire (2002)
RocknRolla (2008)
Law Abiding Citizen (2009)
Gamer (2009)
Machine Gun Preacher (2011)
How to Train Your Dragon 2 (2014)
How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World (2019)
I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry (2007)
The Illusionist (2006)
Stealth (2005)
Next (2007)
Easy Virtue (2009)
The A-Team (2010)
Hitchcock (2012)
American Dreamz (2006)
Yours, Mine & Ours (2005)
In Good Company (2004)
Flight of the Phoenix (2004)
The Day After Tomorrow (2004)
Cold Creek Manor (2003)
The Express (2008)
G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra (2009)
The Long Riders (1980)
The Words (2012)
At Any Price (2012)
Truth (2015)
A Dog's Purpose (2017)
Noah Lomax
Safe Haven (2013)
Another day at the Romantic Comedy Factory:
'...Pull me down a Gerard Butler and a Jessica Biel, will ya?'
106 min. FilmDistrict. Director: Gabriele Muccino. Cast: Gerard Butler, Jessica Biel, Dennis Quaid, Noah Lomax.
"Hey, Phil. Coffee?"
"Yes please! But listen, Al, Old Man FilmDistrict is on the warpath: we need to get the assembly line moving pronto."
"Well, fire up the Random Rom-Com Title Generator, then."
Beep-boop-boop-boop-beep-beep!
"Here it is: 'Playing for Keeps.'"
"Okay, that's an easy one: former British soccer star, now a washed-up, unemployed single dad, has moved to Virginia to be close to his ex and their boy."
"Is the boy doe-eyed and apple-cheeked?"
"Is the Pope Catholic? This isn't my first day on the job."
"So the dad coaches the ten-year-old's soccer team, but keeps screwing things up by accidentally sleeping with soccer moms and disappointing his kid."
"Really, he's determined not to lose his family. He's…playing for keeps."
"You got it. Pull me down a Gerard Butler and a Jessica Biel, will ya?"
The recession-proof entertainment industry is one of America's most durable ones, and I know we're supposed to buy American. But what did P.T. Barnum say? You'll never go broke underestimating the intelligence of the American public? Actually, Playing for Keeps is directed by an Italian filmmaker, Gabriele Mucchino; perhaps a language barrier explains his rubber-stamping a tin-eared script by Robbie Fox. It's all strictly boilerplate. Will they or won't they get back together? Will a job offer in a different city pull a family apart? Will the audience fall asleep before they find out?
Actually, there's some mild rooting interest in Butler's George Dryer getting it together, mostly in the scenes in which the overgrown boy attempts to bond with his son Lewis (Noah Lomax). But Playing for Keeps is entirely undemanding, mostly unrealistic, not at all funny, and curiously disconnected, with supporting characters that are plot functions rather than people.
Mostly, these comprise actresses rounded up to hit on Butler: Catherine Zeta-Jones, Judy Greer, and Uma Thurman (whose character is married to a glad-handing psycho played by Dennis Quaid). Only Greer milks some laughs, but from a stereotypical desperation shtick, whereas her peers get to more confidently do the same thing: throw themselves at Butler. Meanwhile, the down-on-his-luck George basically lucks into a once-in-a-lifetime job offer, presaging a feel-good happy ending that likewise rings false.
It's almost as if the movie bought into the parenting advice Biel's Stacie offers George: "You just have to be there." Actually, there's a little more to it.
[This review first appeared in Palo Alto Weekly.]