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CONFERENCE: Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law: Challenges Ahead (Potsdam, 6-7 SEP 2019); DEADLINE 31 MAR 2019
AHRI Conference 2019
Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law:
Challenges Ahead
– Call for papers –
(image source: Potsdam Uni)
As the largest inter-disciplinary and general research conference on human rights, the AHRI 2019 Conference (6th-7th September 2019 in Potsdam, Germany) welcomes both individual papers and panels exploring the themes set out below. The 70th anniversary of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 gave rise to the leading overall theme
Challenges Ahead",
but proposals do not need to be limited to that because the AHRI research conference will be a general platform for discussing new human rights research issues.
The six primary tracks allow to deal with a broad variety of questions linked to the overall theme of the conference. Preference will be given to strong proposals falling within one of the following tracks, under which several panels will be organised.
The following list is not exhaustive, but more illustrative in character. Additional topics or proposals are therefore welcome. We appreciate contributions to these topics not only from a legal perspective, but also from philosophical, political, sociological and other viewpoints.
1. Historical Development
This track wants to make use of a historical perspective on the two bodies of law. How did they evolve over time and influence each other, and which actors influenced the development under which circumstances?
1) Namibia and beyond: the applicability of IHL and IHRL in colonial situations: past, present and current repercussions
2) Cross-fertilization revisited: the history of the impact of IHRL on IHL and vice versa
3) Actors of the historical development of IHRL and IHL compared: States, international organizations and beyond
2. General Questions
In this track, we welcome submissions discussing implications on the doctrine of international law. Do we face a fragmentation with consequences for the interpretation of the bodies of law? Or, on the contrary, will a common framework emerge?
1) IHL and IHRL: two fundamentally divergent epistemological communities – are we still speaking the same language?
2) Interpreting IHL and IHRL norms: do the same methods apply?
3) Extraterritorial application of human rights obligations: any limits left?
4) Applying IHL over time: the case of long-term situations of belligerent occupation
5) Status of forces agreements and human rights obligations of the receiving State
6) Developing monitoring mechanisms in IHL: what lessons are to be learnt from IHRL?
7) Legal obligations for non-state actors: can IHL and IHRL learn from each other?
3. Institutions: Who provides substantial interpretations of the applicable law?
Human rights bodies and courts tend to favour an extensive interpretation of human rights and, increasingly, give interpretations of international law from such an extended human rights perspective. What are the consequences for IHL and the traditionally driving forces in that area, the ICRC and States, as well as for the ICC?
1) Politicized application of IHL? – the case of the Human Rights Council
2) Issues of IHL before regional human rights courts
3) Human treaty bodies and IHL
4) Impact of IHRL on the jurisprudence of the ICC
5) ICRC and IHRL
4. Specific Situations
International and non-international armed conflicts, as well as peace operations may threaten human rights and thus lead to specific challenges for international human rights law. Informational warfare and cyber activities did add a new dimension.
1) Unmanned weapons, artificial intelligence and IHRL
2) Naval blockades and social and economic rights
3) Peace-keeping operations and human rights obligations
4) Information warfare and human rights obligations
5) Cultural and religious identities during armed conflicts
5. Specific Groups and Rights
This track welcomes submissions looking at the implications of situations of armed conflicts for vulnerable groups such as women or children, refugees or detainees. A second focus may shed light on specific human rights such as freedom of religion and freedom of information that may be infringed during armed conflicts or situations of occupation.
1) Detainees in non-international armed conflicts
2) CEDAW and women in situations of armed conflict
3) CRC and children in situations of armed conflict
4) Situations of armed conflict and disappearances: what obligations do apply under IHL and under human rights law?
5) Refugees and (internally) displaced persons in situations of armed conflict
6) Freedom of information and the press and freedom of assembly in armed conflict
6. Jus Post Bellum
Peace processes do not end once a peace agreement has been signed. Post-conflict situations need specific investments in order to achieve a lasting peace. Are there implications on the human rights of all groups of the population? In this section, we might also deal with questions of transitional justice.
1) Reaching peace: an inherent limitation of human rights obligations?
2) Protecting vulnerable ethnic groups and minorities in post-conflict situations
3) Dealing with persons responsible for human rights and IHL violations: do the same standards apply?
4) What remedies for IHL violations lessons learnt from IHRL?
Abstracts are to be submitted until 31st of March 2019 via the following link: https://www.conftool.com/ahri2019/. Further information available at: https://www.uni-potsdam.de/ahri2019.html.
Labels: Call for papers, Human Rights
BOOK: Roeland GOORTS, War, State and Society in Liège. How a Small State of the Holy Roman Empire Survived the Nine Years' War (1688-1697) [Avisos de Flandes; 17] (Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2019), 418 p. ISBN 9789462701311, € 65
Book abstract:
War, State and Society in Liège is a fascinating case study of the consequences of war in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège and touches upon wider issues in early modern history, such as small power diplomacy in the seventeenth century and during the Nine Years' War.
For centuries, the small semi-independent Holy Roman Principality of Liège succeeded in preserving a non-belligerent role in European conflicts. During the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), however, Liège's leaders had to abolish the practice of neutrality. For the first time in its early modern history, the Prince-Bishopric had to raise a regular army, reconstruct ruined defence structures, and supply army contributions in both money and material.
The issues under discussion in War, State and Society in Liège offer the reader insight into how Liège politically protected its powerful institutions and how the local elite tried to influence the interplay between domestic and external diplomatic relationships.
More with the publisher.
(source: Standen en Landen/Anciens Pays et Assemblées d'États)
SPECIAL ISSUE: Symposium "Legal History and Comparative Law: A Dialogue in Times of the Transnationalization of Law and Legal Scholarship" (American Journal of Comparative Law LXVI (2018), Issue 4)
(image source: Oxford Journals)
Preface (Thomas Duve)
Comparative law and legal history are witnessing a remarkable moment of reorientation in their methods and perhaps even in their disciplinary identities. Historically linked to and emerging from a shared paradigm of historical jurisprudence, both disciplines have developed their own institutions, canons of knowledge, mechanisms of communication, and academic practices over the last century. Both flourished under the juridical nationalism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and this national paradigm has shaped their analytical framework and categories. Both disciplines are now also facing similar challenges due to the transnationalization of their object and of their institutional structures, but also due to the broad recognition of the importance of context and traditions. Consequently, both are increasingly situating their research on a global horizon, and both are endeavoring to decentralize their approaches and to expose themselves to new notions of law and justice.1 This situation suggests that there should be renewed dialogue between the two disciplines, but it also leads us to question what shape such a dialogue might take. What can they learn from each other?
Merging Comparative Law and Legal History: Towards an Integrated Discipline (Heikki Pilhajamäkki)
This Article argues that legal history and comparative law ought to merge into one discipline. The two disciplines are both products of the same period, the late nineteenth century, when they were formed as the fruit of the rising positivist legal scholarship. They are, to be sure, opposite sides of the coin. Mainstream legal history was, from early on, a humble servant of positivism, whereas comparative law formed as an antithesis to it. Nevertheless, neither of the twin disciplines would exist as such were it not for the emergence of national legal positivism on both sides of the Atlantic. National legal histories developed as the dominant paradigm of the nineteenth century and for the most part of the twentieth. Legal historians provided an important slice of the nationalistic narrative, explaining how history had led national states to the particular situations in law they found themselves in. Comparative law started early in the nineteenth century as a response to practical legislative needs, as "comparative legislation." Some of the internationally minded German scholars also reacted against the national emphasis of Savigny's Historical School. Comparative legal scholarship acquired more academic overtones as the century wore on, and many scholars optimistically expected that comparative scholarship would unify and civilize the world's legal orders. After World War II, mainstream comparative law had little hope left in its possibilities of civilizing the world. The discipline declined into a "country and western" style of scholarship. The largest obstacle in the way of merging the twin disciplines is the fact that they, as all scholarly disciplines, are also social communities. Most scholars still like to identify themselves as "comparatists" or "legal historians." The new combined discipline would do away with outdated ways of doing scholarship in both mother disciplines. It would marginalize the kind of legal history that seems unconscious of the world outside national boundaries and of international contexts, and it would supplant the kind of comparative law that is made without reference to the historical paths that have led to the present situation.
Global Legal History, Legal Systemology, and the Genealogy of Law (Alessandro Somma)
Comparatists in the social sciences are supposed to analyze social phenomena from a static point of view, with no interest in their dynamic aspects. However, this is not true for comparative lawyers, since they are committed to analyzing legal change, which necessarily enhances aspects like the circulation of legal models as well as their transformation due to the variation of the space-time coordinates. The dynamic aspects are of such importance for comparatists that the building of legal families, reflecting a static approach to comparative law, is increasingly questioned in its foundations and capability to detect decisive similarities and differences between legal systems: the evolution within the common law–civil law divide and its connection with the ruling of the economic order. The building of legal families will not be removed from the comparative lawyer agenda, at least in recognition of its didactic function. However, comparative lawyers are increasingly aware of the ideological value of taxonomies and increasingly convinced about the necessity to replace them with genealogies.
East, East, and West: Comparative Law and the Historical Processes of Legal Interaction in China and Japan (Kentaro Matsubara)
As Western notions of law formed the basis of a globally shared common legal language, the language of comparative law has become inevitably Western. In studying historical societies that did not share this language, analyses using this language will always risk anachronisms due to the inherent assumptions, be they the meanings given to particular terms, or the manner in which different areas of law are categorized and distinguished from each other. One way to avoid such anachronisms would be to attempt the formulation of a different concept of law that is neutral to Western and non-Western legal traditions. This, however, would move the analysis away from discussions in other areas of legal studies conducted in the aforementioned common legal language, which in turn would limit the significance comparative law might have for these discussions. In looking at the historical processes of legal modernization in China and Japan, this Article discusses how one might manage the risk of anachronism in writing a legal history of non-Western societies, while also retaining a link with a wider range of legal studies. After Part I considers some of the theoretical problems of studying Chinese and Japanese society as a project in comparative law, Part II will look at the debates on legal reform in China and Japan in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. While these debates included serious discussions on incorporating traditional aspects of Chinese or Japanese society in the newly formed Western-style legal system, the discussions themselves were conducted in an essentially Westernized language, which identified the traditions of Japanese and Chinese as "customs," a legal notion newly introduced in the course of modernization. While looking at certain traditional practices and institutions as "custom" might have been an anachronism, the extent and significance of this anachronism can be assessed through a study of the process of interaction whereby this viewpoint came to be adopted. Part III of this Article suggests an approach to studying the traditional Chinese property regime, also starting from a study of the historical process of interaction between Western colonial law and local society in China. Using an analysis of this interaction as a starting point, it discusses how relevant aspects of Chinese society and their interconnections might be identified, opening up possibilities for comparisons not limited to East–West comparisons, and it also contributes to a more general legal discussion on family, property, and state formation.
Due Process and Civil Procedure, or How to Do Codes with Theories (Carlos Petit)
Franco Cipriani's historical research on the great authors of "scientific proceduralism" (Giuseppe Chiovenda, Francesco Carnelutti, and Piero Calamandrei) made it possible to elaborate a theory of the civil process: "guaranteeism." The theory holds that the lawsuit is a legal relationship between private parties, and the judicial authority only acts in the trial as an impartial bystander. This is opposite the procedural tradition of the twentieth century that accentuates the legal–public nature of the process and therefore the autonomy and activity of the judge to come to a fair resolution. The wide acceptance of the Italian classic authors on civil procedure in Spain and Latin America explains the impact that Cipriani's "revisionist" work had in several countries and the tension between guaranteeism and activism in their codified regulation of the trial. From that point of view, this Article analyzes the most recent codes of civil procedure, those of Colombia and Brazil. If historiography has led to theory, it is interesting to find out whether theory leads finally to legislation.
The Synesthesia of Values: How the Ideals of Modernist Design Predisposed and Shaped Fascist Legal and Political Thought (Daniel Damler)
In this Article, I will argue that aesthetic, epistemic, and moral (legal, political) values are correlated because of a common underlying mechanism. Value judgments are regulated via chronologically antecedent emotions. Their attribution to a certain normative category is an analytical achievement that only occurs in a second step. "Analogical" interferences are inevitable due to the processes involved being partly identical. Jurisprudence, too, continually operates with terms that have an underlying sensuous, aesthetic component and depend on concrete experiential knowledge. This lifeworld horizon and the attendant aesthetic preferences differ from society to society, sometimes considerably from state to state, despite otherwise very similar economic and social conditions. Using the example of Germany in the 1920s and 1930s, I will demonstrate how popular stylistic elements of the New Objectivity—the ideal of "visibility" and a technoid, spare, and simple design—inspired the critics of Western democracy, liberalism, and parliamentarianism. From the moralizing and dogmatically rigid perspective of German-style functionalism, violating the imperative of purposefulness is not only an aesthetic faux pas, but also an inexcusable moral failure. Carl Schmitt's critique of parliamentarianism, with its focus on the supposedly functionless and empty ritual of the parliamentary speech, was just a variation and echo of this moral-aesthetic leitmotif.
More information with Oxford Journals.
Labels: Comparative law, Comparative legal history, Journal, legal history, special issue
BOOK: Adrien WYSSBROD, De la coutume au code. Résistances à la codification du droit civil à Neuchâtel sous l'Ancien Régime (Neuchâtel: Université de Neuchâtel, 2019), 363 p. ISBN 978-1792722660, € 17,5
Le droit civil dans la principauté de Neuchâtel reste coutumier durant tout l'Ancien Régime. Malgré une volonté en apparence affirmée de codifier, les princes de Neuchâtel successifs ne parviennent pas à faire rédiger cette coutume. Leurs rêves de codifications s'inscrivent parfaitement dans les idées des Lumières et les souverains sont soutenus par les philosophes. Pourquoi, dans une petite principauté telle que celle de Neuchâtel, régie par de puissants souverains comme Frédéric II, la mise par écrit du droit se révèle-t-elle impossible ? Quelles résistances un tel projet rencontre-t-il, qui en sont les acteurs et comment agissent-ils ? Les réponses à ces questions ne peuvent être données qu'à la suite d'une analyse minutieuse de l'imposante masse de documents concernant la codification. Une fois ce phénomène éclairci, la comparaison du modèle neuchâtelois avec d'autres exemples de résistances à la codification permet de faire apparaître des constantes et des particularités dans ces oppositions. Ces informations, replacée dans le contexte de la fin de l'Ancien Régime permet d'observer et de mieux comprendre ces sociétés à un tournant de la modernité. La conception même de la souveraineté, de la domination et du pouvoir peuvent être interrogés au moyen de ces entreprises de codification qui ne parviennent que difficilement à aboutir, ou échouent simplement. Les résistances à la codification ne doivent être observées ni comme un phénomène anecdotique et provincial ni comme un mal à surmonter pour parvenir au code. Elles sont interrogées comme le miroir d'une société que rejette de manière parfaitement légitime une transformation du système juridique aujourd'hui faussement considérée comme une évolution forcément bénéfique. Quant à la réaction des princes face à cette opposition, elle témoigne du choix complexe et détermine la figure du pouvoir qu'ils souhaitent incarner.
More information on the author's website or on amazon.
Labels: Book, codification, custom, Early modern legal history, Switzerland
BOOK: David MCILROY, The End of Law : How Law's Claims Relate to Law's Aims. (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019). ISBN 978 1 78811 399 1, £63.00
(Source: Edward Elgar Publishing)
Edward Elgar is publishing a new book that deals with natural law theory and the significance of St. Augustine.
Augustine posed two questions that go to the heart of the nature of law. Firstly, what is the difference between a kingdom and a band of robbers? Secondly, is an unjust law a law at all? These two questions force us to consider whether law is simply a means of social control, distinguished from a band of robbers only by its size, or whether law is a social institution justified by its orientation towards justice.
The End of Law applies Augustine's questions to modern legal philosophy as well as offering a critical theory of natural law that draws on Augustine's ideas. McIlroy argues that such a critical natural law theory is realistic but not cynical about law's relationship to justice and to violence, can diagnose ways in which law becomes deformed and pathological, and indicates that law is a necessary but insufficient instrument for the pursuit of justice. Positioning an examination of Augustine's reflections on law in the context of his broader thought, McIlroy presents an alternative approach to natural law theory, drawing from critical theory, postmodern thought, and political theologies in conversation with Augustine.
This insightful book will be fascinating reading for law students and legal philosophers seeking to understand the perspective and commitments of natural law theory and the significance of Augustine. Readers with an interest in interdisciplinary approaches to legal theory will also find this book a stimulating read.
David McIlroy, Barrister and Visiting Professor, CCLS, Queen Mary University of London, UK
Contents: 1. What is the difference between a kingdom and a band of robbers? 2. What on earth are we talking about? 3. An end to war 4. The rule of law and the law of rules 5. The stable door 6. The good ending 7. Critical natural law 8. Justice: the terrible truth? 9. The agony of the law 10. The final judgment
Posted by Filip Batsele at 11:00 AM No comments:
Labels: Augustine, Medieval Legal History, natural law
LECTURE VIDEO: Frédéric AUDREN (SciencesPo/ULB) on "L'invention de la technique juridique" (CHRiDI/Université Saint-Louis-Bruxelles)
Prof. dr. Frédéric Audren (Sciences Po, visiting researcher at the Centre Perelman of the Université libre de Bruxelles) held a talk at the CRHiDI of the Université Saint-Louis (Brussels) on 18 March 2019. His intervention can be watched on Youtube (cf. embed above).
(source: CRHiDI Facebook Page)
Labels: Law and Anthropology, Legal Theory, Video
BOOK: Anna ROSS, Beyond the Barricades : Government and State-Building in Post-Revolutionary Prussia, 1848-1858 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019). ISBN 9780198833826, $85.00
(Source: OUP)
Oxford University Press has published a new book on statebuilding in Prussia after the 1848 revolutions.
Beyond the Barricades is an original study of government after the 1848 revolutions. It focuses on the state of Prussia, where a number of conservative ministers sought to learn lessons from their experiences of upheaval and introduce a wave of reform in the 1850s. Using extensive archival research, the work explores Prussia's entry into the constitutional age, charting initiatives to transform criminal justice, agriculture, industry, communications, urban life, and the press. Reform strengthened contact with the Prussian population, making this a classic episode of state-building, but Beyond the Barricades seeks to go further. It makes a case for taking notice of government activity at this particular juncture because the measures endorsed by conservative statesmen in the 1850s sought to remove the feudal intermediaries that had lingered long into the nineteenth century and replace them with an array of government institutions, legal regimes, and official practices. In sum, this book recasts the post-revolutionary decade as a period which saw the transition from an old to a new world, pivotal to the making of modern Prussia and ultimately, modern Germany.
Anna Ross, Associate Professor, University of Warwick
Anna Ross is Associate Professor of Modern European History at the University of Warwick. She received her PhD from the University of Cambridge, and later held a Junior Research Fellowship at Nuffield College, University of Oxford. At Warwick, she is a member of the European History Research Centre, and the Global History and Culture Centre.
1. Cabinets, Constitutions, and Parliamentary Representation
2. Bureaucratic Geographies of the State
3. Crime and Punishment
4. Agriculture, Industry, and Communications
5. Cities and Urban Life
6. Public Opinion and Press Management
Labels: 19th century legal history, evolution of law and state, german legal history, Prussia
PODCAST: Prof. Soazick Kerneis (Paris Ouest La Défense) on Roman Law in English History [La Fabrique de l'Histoire/France Culture]
Prof. dr. Soazick Kerneis (President of the Department of Legal History and Legal Anthropology at University Paris Ouest La Défense) intervened on the popular historical broadcast La Fabrique de l'Histoire (France Culture), in a special series devoted to the peculiar history of the British isles.
Prof. Kerneis adresses the history of Roman Law in Britain.
More information with France Culture.
Labels: British Legal History, Roman Law
Laetizia PUCCIO (collectif sous la dir.), Trésors de procédure. Les dossiers du Tribunal de la Chambre impériale conservés aux Archives de l'État en Belgique (1495-1806) (Bruxelles: Éditions Avant-Propos 2019), 112 p.
(image source: Belgian State Archives)
Endommagés lors du bombardement de 1944, plus de 200 dossiers de procès du Tribunal de la Chambre impériale viennent d'être restaurés. Publié en février 2019, l'ouvrage « Trésors de procédure » retrace l'histoire de ces archives et permet découvrir quelques-une des plus belles pièces. Les dossiers du Tribunal de la Chambre impériale (1495-1806) sont composés de milliers de procès. Plus de 2.000 d'entre eux sont conservés aux Archives de l'État à Liège. Ces dossiers de procès décrivent entièrement la procédure judiciaire. Ils regorgent de pièces justificatives dont la valeur iconographique et esthétique force l'admiration : cartes, plans, arbres généalogiques, dessins, etc. Quelque 225 dossiers de procès, soit plus de 25.000 feuillets viennent d'être patiemment restaurés et 28 belles pièces ont fait l'objet de soins particuliers. Le 24 décembre 1944, en effet, le dépôt des Archives de l'État à Liège était touché lors d'un bombardement allemand qui avait pour cible le réseau ferroviaire liégeois. Une partie des archives de la Chambre impériale avait alors été détruite et une autre gravement endommagée par le feu et la neige.
On the Reichskammergericht:
En 1495, l'Empire germanique créait une nouvelle cour de justice. Installée à Wetzlar à partir de 1673, la Chambre impériale (Reichskammergericht) faisait office de juridiction suprême en matière civile. Les habitants originaires des anciennes Principautés de Liège et de Stavelot ont eu recours à ce tribunal jusqu'à la fin de l'Ancien Régime. En 1856, les archives relatives à nos régions ont été transférées de Wetzlar (Allemagne) à Bruxelles, puis l'année suivante aux Archives de l'État à Liège.
Project context:
Paru en février 2019, l'ouvrage Trésors de procédure est le résultat de plus de six années de recherche. Le projet, destiné à faire renaître ces documents et leurs trésors de procédure, a été financé par la Politique scientifique fédérale (Belspo), avec l'intervention du Fonds Baillet Latour. L'ouvrage est en vente à la boutique des Archives générales du Royaume, via publicat@arch.be, Amazon et Bol.
More information with the Belgian State Archives.
(source: Standen en Landen/Aciens Pays et Assemblées d'États
Labels: Archives and Historical research, Book, Holy Roman Empire, procedure law
JOURNAL: Vergentis VII (2018): Judicial Process II. Evolution and development in the History of Law
(image source: Innocent III Chair)
Research articles:
"Procedural progress and culture in the ecclesiastical justice" (Manuel Jesús Conde)
"Reforms to the canonical procedural law proposed by the Spanish metropolitans at the beginning of the canonical codification of 1917" (Carlos René Salinas Araneda)
"The value of jurisprudence in Roman Law and in Roman tradition" (Giovanni Luchetti)
"The care of migrants between the pastoral care of mobility and the mobility of pastoral care" (Luigi Sabbarese)
"The contractual nature of the classical litiscontestatio and the theory of the judicial contract. The dawn of the public conception of the process and of the social function of justice" (Elena Di Bernardo)
"The right of asylum in Christian churches on the basis of some imperial constitutions of the 4th and 5th century" (Rosa Mentxaka)
Read the full issue here.
Labels: Canon law, Journal, procedure law
BOOK: Olivier GUILLOT, Arcana Imperii IV [Cahiers de l'Institut d'anthropologie juridique; vol. 51] (Limoges: Pulim, 2018), 568 pages, 978-2-8428-7793-4. 39 €
(image source: Nomôdos)
Avec ce quatrième volume, les Presses universitaires de Limoges poursuivent la publication des travaux d'Olivier Guillot dans la collection des Cahiers internationaux d'anthropologie juridique, On y retrouve toute la richesse de la pensée de ce grand chercheur qui analyse le droit, les institutions et les idées politiques du premier Moyen Age à la lumière des réalités de cette société composite dans laquelle la romanité est bien plus présente qu'on ne l'a imaginé jusque-là. Olivier Guillot a fait sienne la formule de Boileau « Cent fois sur le métier remettez votre ouvrage! », n'hésitant pas à compléter ou à réviser des hypothèses antérieurement formulées contribuant ainsi à renouveler notre connaissance de cette période. On y trouvera en particulier des réflexions sur l'origine et les effets du principatus, des études sur saint Martin ou encore sur la portée institutionnelle et politique de certaines « interprétations » du Bréviaire d'Alaric.
– Références de l'édition originale des articles réunis dans ce volume
I – Le jeu du principatus et l'effectivité du titre de roi ou d'empereur aux premiers temps carolingiens »
II – Un art du princeps Geoffroy Martel, comte d'Anjou, de dire la coutume ? A partir de trois descriptions rétrospectives
III – Principauté et princeps. La première expression du ducatus de Guillaume le Pieux dans la charte de ce dernier pour Saint-Julien de Brioude de mai 898
IV – Les rois mérovingiens et l'épiscopat au VIIe siècle
V – Karl Ferdinand Werner, novissimus fundatorVI – Variations de Fulbert de Chartres sur le thème de la distinction du spirituel et du temporel
VII – L'appui apporté par Henri Ier, roi de France à Guillaume d'Arques dans le conflit opposant ce dernier à Guillaume le Bâtard, duc de Normandie (fin 1053-1054) : une motivation juridique ?
VIII – Le pouvoir et la foi au Moyen Age Introduction
VIII bis – À propos de quelques actes de Marmoutier pour Chemillé de la mi XIe siècle
IX – De Philippe Ier à Louis VI : dans quelle mesure, de l'un à l'autre, la justice du roi semble-t-elle avoir progressé face à des nobles auteurs de dommages ? Une simple approche
X – À propos de l'absence probable de chancelier aux débuts du règne du roi Eudes (des débuts de l'an 888 à juin 889)
XI – En relisant les Annales de Flodoard : l'offense faite à Louis IV par Arnulf, comte de Flandre, pour avoir fomenté l'assassinat de Guillaume Longue Epée, princeps des Normands (943)
XII – Une pierre d'achoppement d'ordre institutionnel : le régime de l'accession à l'épiscopat dans le monde franc du règne de Clovis à celui de Clotaire II
XIII – La fides prêtée à l'empereur Louis le Pieux par les grands laïques, à l'épreuve de l'épisode du Rothfelth de la fin juin 833 : comment l'événement a été compris sur l'instant, puis a été revu et corrigé après coup
XIV – Comment l'Evangile transforme-t-il la société ? L'exemple des premiers chrétiens de Lyon en 177-178 (intervention orale)
XIV bis – Comment l'Evangile transforme-t-il la société ? L'exemple des premiers chrétiens de Lyon en 177-178 : rapport de synthèse
XV – Magister et non pas abbé ? une devise illustrée par saint Martin de Tours, souvent édulcorée par l'historiographie
XVI – À propos de quatre moments où la virtus de saint Martin a été réputée avoir soutenu dans les Gaules, par les armes ou autrement, la légitimité d'un princeps ou d'un Auguste défenseur de la foi catholique
XVII – En quoi l'apparition de la dynastie capétienne semble-t-elle avoir entraîné la désuétude institutionnelle et politique de l'époque franque ?
XVIII – Coup d'œil sur la Société d'Histoire du Droit qui a cent ans
XIX – L'esprit gallo-romain de l'élaboration du Bréviaire d'Alaric et de certaines de ses « interpretationes »
XX – À propos de la seigneurie banale née en coutume au sein du royaume capétien ; son apparition première et son impact en cas de guerre, et le rôle des rustres sur ces deux plans (XIe-débuts XIIe siècles)
XXI – Les grands laïques et le pouvoir royal carolingien, notamment dans la Francia de l'Ouest
(source: Nomôdos)
Labels: Book, french medieval legal history
BOOK: Laura GAFFURI & Rosa Maria PARRINELLO (eds.), Verbum e ius: predicazione e sistemi giuridici nell'Occidente medievale = preaching and legal frameworks in the Middle Ages [Reti Medievali. E-books 32] (Firenze: Firenze UP, 2019), ISBN 978-88-6453-809-9 [OPEN ACCESS]
(image source: Unina)
The crucial relationship between faith ("verbum") and law ("ius") has been intensively debated all throughout the Middle Ages. Such a debate was far from being secret and locked in the learning centers. It was quite used by the pastoral care of the medieval Church in order to influence the drafting and/or amendment of legislation, both civil and religious. The texts published in this volume devote special attention to that debate, by focusing on the role of medieval preachers in converting scholars' words on law, community and faith into a public communication addressed to ordinary secular people.
Download the full book for free here.
Labels: Book, french medieval legal history, Moral Theology
Postdoctoral Fellowship: 'Refugees and Early Modern States', University of Amsterdam (DEADLINE: 25 April 2019)
(Source: UvA)
We learned of a postdoctoral fellowship on refugees and early modern states at the University of Amsterdam.
The Amsterdam School of Historical Studies (ASH) currently has a vacant Postdoctoral position as part of the NWO-funded VICI Project The Invention of the Refugee in Early Modern Europe, led by professor Geert Janssen. ASH is one of the six research schools under the aegis of the Amsterdam Institute for Humanities Research.
This Postdoctoral project Refugees and Early Modern States is one of five closely-related projects, which together aim to analyse the invention of the refugee in early modern Europe. Funded through a VICI-grant of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), the programme seeks to achieve three inter-related objectives:
To explain the emergence of the refugee as a social category in European society.
To identify the agency of displaced religious minorities in forging transnational solidarity networks.
To uncover the impact of refugees on European state formation.
The Postdoctoral researcher will study objective 3 by examining how the protection and accommodation of displaced men and women interacted with the ambitions of early modern authorities to expand their territories and forge confessional regimes. She/he will work closely with three PhD's and the PI. A detailed research outline on the project, including potential source material, may be obtained from the PI Geert Janssen.
Tasks of the Postdoctoral researcher will include:
participating in meetings of the project research group and developing a shared database;
presenting intermediate research results at workshops and conferences, and delivering at least two peer reviewed articles;
organizing knowledge dissemination activities;
organizing an international conference on early modern refugees and (co-)editing a collection of essays;
contributing to teaching courses in early modern history.
The successful applicant must have:
a PhD in Early Modern History;
excellent research skills, demonstrated by a track record of publishing in high-ranking journals and/or with leading presses or a demonstrable capacity to develop such a record;
astrong cooperative attitude and willingness to engage in collaborative research;
enthusiasm for communicating academic research to non-academic audiences;
proficiency in English.
More information can be found here
Labels: early modern history, Early modern legal history, Fellowships, refugee
READING GROUP: "Just dominion: whatever may have been the right and justice in the beginning": Reading Course of Alonso de la Vera Cruz' Relectio De dominio infidelium et iusto bello (Frankfurt am Main: MPIeR, 10-12 APR 2019)
(image source: ScienceSprings)
The project "The School of Salamanca. A Digital Collection of Sources and a Dictionary of its Juridical-Political Language" invites applications for its second Reading Course: The discovery and conquest of America in the Early Modern era gave rise to intense debate among European jurists, theologians, and philosophers. Due to the leading role played by the Spanish monarchy in this process of conquests and assimilation of American indigenous peoples, most of the Iberian 'intellectuals' took part in the polemic. One of the major figures of this debate – as well as of the School of Salamanca – was the Augustinian monk and professor of theology Alonso de la Vera Cruz († 1584).
While doctrines of authors such as Vitoria and Soto, considered by the historiography as founders of the School of Salamanca, are well known and have aroused the interest of the international scientific community, little attention has so far been paid to Alonso de la Vera Cruz. First holder of the chairs of Sacred Scripture and S. Thomas at the newly established University of Mexico, he can be considered as the teacher who first introduced western philosophy in America.
Vera Cruz wrote the Relectio De dominio infidelium et iusto bello for the inauguration of the University of Mexico (1553). The text is a polemical reflection about the dilemmas related to the process of conquest and subordination of native American peoples which was then still in progress. Having always in mind the famous Relectio De Indis (1539) held by Francisco de Vitoria at the University of Salamanca some years before (with Vera Cruz already overseas), we will discuss the similarities and differences between the legal and political thinking of both authors.
Vera Cruz focusses on two aspects of the Spanish colonial presence in America: the justification of Spanish rule and of the power change from the indigenous rulers to the king of Castile, and that of the legal and moral relations between Spanish settlers, the so-called encomenderos, and the indigenous population. We will analyse Vera Cruz' juridical positions regarding political dominion, socio-economic domination and questions of private property in America, but we will also look at the religious elements inextricably linked to the political issues, and, in particular, at strategies of evangelization and conversion.
On a methodological level, we will discuss the structure of argumentation as well as the handling of authors, authorities, and citations. By approaching these quintessential features of early modern scholasticism, the participants will gain experience in handling the complex texts of early modern European academia.
The Reading Course addresses advanced students, doctoral students and post-docs from legal studies, philosophy, history, theology, and political sciences. Working language will be English.
Participants working on a research project of their own (master or doctoral thesis) are invited to present and discuss their work during a special section of the Reading Course.
Please find the full Call for Applications with the program's draft, requirements, and more information here:https://blog.salamanca.school/en/2019/02/14/just-dominion-whatever-may-have-been-the-right-and-justice-in-the-beginning-reading-course-of-alonso-de-la-vera-cruz-relectio-de-dominio-infidelium-et-iusto-bello-10-12-a/
Project The School of Salamanca
Dr. Christiane Birr, Dr. José Luis Egío, Dr. Andreas Wagner
(source: dr. Andreas Wagner)
Labels: doctrine, Early modern legal history, Legal Theory, reading group, Salamanca school
JOURNAL: The Historical Journal LXII (2019), No. 1 (March)
(image source: CUP)
"The Ancient Constitution and the Languages of Political Thought" (Mark Goldie)
Historians of political thought speak of 'languages' of politics. A language provides a lexicon, an available resource for legitimating positions. It is looser than a 'theory', because protean, and not predictive of particular doctrines. Some languages attract considerable scholarly attention, while others languish, for all that they were ambient in past cultures. In recent scholarship on early modern European thought, natural law and civic humanism have dominated. Yet prescriptive appeals to national historiographies were equally pervasive. Many European cultures appealed to Tacitean mythologies of a Gothic ur-constitution. The Anglophone variant dwelt on putative Saxon freedoms, the status of the Norman 'Conquest', whether feudalism ruptured the Gothic inheritance, and how common law related to 'reason', natural law, and divine law. Whigs rooted parliaments in the Saxon witenagemot; though, by the eighteenth century, 'modern' Whigs discerned liberty as the fruit of recent socio-economic change. Levellers and Chartists alike talked of liberation from the 'Norman Yoke'. These themes were explored from the 1940s onwards under the stimulus of Herbert Butterfield; one result was J. G. A. Pocock's classic Ancient constitution and the feudal law (1957).
"Empire and the Right to Preach the Gospel in the School of Salamanca, 1535-1560" (Daniel S. Allemann)
The sixteenth-century theologians of the School of Salamanca are well known for their sophisticated reflections on the Spanish conquest of the New World. But the nature of their responses seems far from clear and is subject to historiographical debate. Recent studies from the discipline of intellectual history suggest that the Salmantine theologians challenged the legitimacy of Spanish claims to the Americas. Scholars associated with the field of post-colonial studies, on the other hand, forcefully stress their entanglement in Spain's imperial venture overseas. This article, however, argues that these seemingly irreconcilable approaches are not in fact mutually exclusive. It shifts our attention to the sorely neglected ius praedicandi, the right to preach the gospel, which served to translate the Spanish theologians' deeply rooted belief in the hegemonic truth of the Christian faith into a discourse of otherwise 'secular' natural rights. In adopting this novel lens, the article makes a case for assessing the language of the university theologians in its own terms while simultaneously exposing the support of Salamanca for Spain's imperial venture.
Robert Persons, Popular Sovereignty, and the Late Elizabethan Succession Debate (M.JM. Innes)
This article explores how, and why, Robert Persons's A conference about the next succession to the crowne of Ingland (1594) scandalized late Elizabethan England. By invoking the spectres of popular sovereignty and political resistance, Persons, as is well known, threatened to disrupt the succession of James VI of Scotland to Elizabeth I's throne. In doing so, however, he also undermined the very notion that the English crown passed by succession at all. After discussing Persons's political thought, this article examines the responses to it by such writers as John Hayward, Henry Constable, Peter Wentworth, and James VI himself. Their turn towards natural law as a basis for James's title was, it is argued, a direct consequence of the Conference's argument. As well as shining long-overdue light on Hayward's political thought, the article thus argues that the reception of Persons's Conference was a significant influence on the development of English political thought in the early seventeenth century.
"Protestant Military Humanism in Early Stuart England" (D. Alan Orr)
This article addresses the role of Protestant military humanism in early Stuart Ireland. The central argument is that Protestant military humanism as embodied in the works of such authors as Geoffrey Gates (fl. 1566–80) and Barnabe Rich (1541–1617) played a vital role in the Jacobean plantation of Ulster. These authors combined a strong commitment to the Protestant religion with the conviction that martial virtue was essential for the preservation of the commonwealth against the threats of domestic rebellion and foreign domination. The example of the soldier-planter Sir Thomas Phillips of Limavady (c. 1560–1636) and his criticisms of the City of London's plantation in Derry during the 1620s demonstrates that military humanist values not only offered a persuasive rationale for colonization, but also significantly shaped the course of plantation on the ground. Phillips's lengthy conflict with the City of London demonstrated a fundamental disjuncture between his own Protestant military humanist outlook, and the City's own understanding of its civilizing mission in Ireland; however, rather than a conflict between aristocratic and civic values, close study reveals instead a struggle grounded in competing hierarchies of civic values.
"Language and Power in an English Convent in Exile, c. 1621-1631" (Emilie K. M. Murphy)
Scholarship on transnational encounter has predominantly focused on men's cross-cultural interactions. This article breaks new ground by exploring women's roles in similar forms of linguistic and power negotiation within the context of English convents founded in Europe during the seventeenth century. Moreover, recent scholarship on English convents has so far remained silent on the question of how these women negotiated the language barriers that many of them faced. This article proposes an answer by examining the correspondence sent in the 1620s from the English Benedictine convent in Brussels. These letters reveal the changing ways in which English nuns relied on both male and female translators to communicate. In so doing, this article expands existing scholarly understanding of epistolary and literary culture by exploring the authorial strategies employed in the convent, which afforded the nuns a sense of authority over their texts. The letters were vital avenues for the women to express dissent, and raise concerns over the way their community was governed. Finally, despite being enclosed institutions, English convents in exile were not monoglot spaces but porous sites of multi-lingual encounter.
"Where was the Church of England, 1646-1660?" (Christopher Haigh)
When parliament abolished episcopacy, cathedrals, and the Book of Common Prayer, what was left of the Church of England? Indeed, as contemporaries asked between 1646 and 1660, 'Where is the Church of England?' The episcopalian clergy could not agree. Some thought the remaining national framework of parishes and congregations was 'the Church of England', though now deformed, and worked within it. Others thought that only those ministers and parish congregations who remained loyal in heart to the church as it had been qualified as 'the church': most of them continued to serve a parish church and tried to keep the old practices going. A third category of hard-liners thought 'the Church of England' was now restricted to a recusant community that worshipped with the Prayer Book in secret and rejected the new national profession. The fundamental issue was the nature of a church: was it a society of believers, however organized, or a hierarchical institution following rules prescribed by God? The question caused tensions and distrust among the clergy, and the rigorists thought of the rest as time-servers and traitors. Disagreements continued to divide the clergy after the Restoration, and were reflected in attitudes towards concessions to dissenters.
For these (and other) scientific contributions, see CUP.
Labels: e-journal, Journal
CONFERENCE: Human Rights and International Humanit...
BOOK: Roeland GOORTS, War, State and Society in Li...
SPECIAL ISSUE: Symposium "Legal History and Compar...
BOOK: Adrien WYSSBROD, De la coutume au code. Rési...
BOOK: David MCILROY, The End of Law : How Law's Cl...
LECTURE VIDEO: Frédéric AUDREN (SciencesPo/ULB) on...
BOOK: Anna ROSS, Beyond the Barricades : Governmen...
PODCAST: Prof. Soazick Kerneis (Paris Ouest La Déf...
Laetizia PUCCIO (collectif sous la dir.), Trésors...
JOURNAL: Vergentis VII (2018): Judicial Process II...
BOOK: Olivier GUILLOT, Arcana Imperii IV [Cahiers...
BOOK: Laura GAFFURI & Rosa Maria PARRINELLO (eds.)...
Postdoctoral Fellowship: 'Refugees and Early Moder...
READING GROUP: "Just dominion: whatever may have b...
JOURNAL: The Historical Journal LXII (2019), No. 1...
BOOK: Michel NODÉ-LANGLOIS, Thomas d'Aquin, commen...
BOOK: Monika DOMMANN (transl. Sarah Pybus), Author...
BLOG SERIES: Lisa FORD on collaboration and legal ...
LECTURE: Prof. dr. Jean-Louis HALPERIN, "L'état de...
REMINDER: CALL FOR PAPERS: International Days of t...
BOOK: Didier OTTAVIANI, La Naissance de La Science...
PhD Fellowships: "Global History of Empires", Univ...
BOOK : Rena N. LAUER, Colonial justice and the Jew...
BOOK: Robert L. TSAI, Practical Equality : Forging...
BOOK: Julia LOVELL, Maoism. A Global History (Lond...
ARTICLE: Delia LIN & Susan TREVASKES, "Creating a ...
BOOK REVIEW: Martin HECKEL, Martin Luthers Reforma...
COLLOQUIUM: Regards croisés sur la justice fiscale...
CONFERENCE: Verfassungsjubiläen 1818/1819 – 1919 –...
CALL FOR NOMINATIONS: Cromwell Foundation Book Pri...
BOOK: Ellen WIDDER, Iris HOLZWART-SCHAEFER & Chris...
JOURNAL: Law and History Review XXXVII (2019), Iss...
CALL FOR PAPERS: Ordering the Anthropocene: Law & ...
CALL FOR PAPERS: 8th Annual Conference of the Hist...
SEMINAR SERIES: Seminari di Storia e Cultura giuri...
WORKSHOP: "Les professeurs allemands en Belgique....
BOOK: Oscar FERREIRA, Le constitutionalisme octroy...
BOOK: Malcolm EBRIGHT and Rick HENDRICKS, Pueblo S...
BOOK: John H. BAKER, Introduction to English legal...
CALL FOR PAPERS: African Legal History Symposium (...
COLLOQUIUM: Journée en l'honneur du Professeur Mic...
JOURNAL: Special issue "L'archive européenne", Rev...
CALL FOR PAPERS: Atelier doctoral - Association Fr...
CONFERENCE: Conflict Management in the Atlantic, t...
BOOK: Mathias REIMANN and Reinhard ZIMMERMANN (eds...
BOOK: Patrick MILTON, Michael AXWORTHY, and Brenda...
JOURNAL: The Journal of Legal History XL (2019), I...
BOOK: Catherine PUIGELIER, Les grands procès: un t...
CALL FOR PAPERS: The Contribution of the Legal Ser...
ADVANCE ARTICLE: Yifat MONNICKENDAM, "The Exposed ...
ADVANCE ARTICLE: Catholic Social Thought, Politics...
BOOK: Agustín E. CASAGRANDE, Gobierno de Justicia,...
BOOK: Joan A. HOLLADAY, Genealogy and the Politics...
JOURNAL: Journal of the History of International L...
CONFERENCE REPORT: "Provoking the Single Story" on...
BOOK: Seán Patrick DONLAN and Vernon Valentine PA...
BOOK: Arthur EYFFINGER, T.M.C. Asser (1838-1913) [...
BOOK: Daniel S. MARGOLIES et al., eds., The Extrat...


Most people would love to keep their existing teeth in great shape as they grow older, preferring their natural teeth to dentures. However, many older people suffer from decay and periodontal problems that result in tooth loss.
Here are a few reasons why people of advanced age may be more prone to periodontal disease and cavities.
To prevent decay and preserve gum health, the mouth must be thoroughly cleaned daily. When oral bacteria are left in place to thrive in the mouth, cavities and periodontal problems are more likely.
The bacteria feed on the particles of food that remain in the oral cavity after snacks and meals and produce acid as a digestive product. This acid causes tooth decay by demineralizing the tooth enamel. Likewise, it incites gum disease by inflaming the gingival tissues.
To reduce the amount of bacterial acid in the mouth, the oral cavity must be regularly cleared of plaque. However, to clean your mouth thoroughly, you need to be somewhat dextrous. A toothbrush must be navigated into the tight spaces of the oral cavity, and dental floss must be properly positioned between the teeth.
Daily dental hygiene activities may not seem difficult to a young adult. However, as a person ages, they may become more prone to diseases that impair their movement.
Seniors are more likely to suffer from arthritis, which causes joint stiffness and pain, restricting their movements. Older adults are also more apt to be diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, which may cause tremors, erratic movements, and muscle weakness.
Decay and periodontal disease are also more prevalent among seniors because of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is more common among older people. The disease, which impairs the body's production and use of insulin, can cause elevations in the blood sugar.
The increase in blood sugar can also increase the sugars that are available to the bacteria in the mouth, multiplying the amount of acid in the oral cavity. Blood sugar problems can also make it difficult for inflamed gingival tissues to heal properly, leading to more severe cases of periodontal disease.
Older adults may smoke because of a tobacco habit that developed during their younger years. Smoking reduces the blood oxygen levels, causing infected gums to heal more slowly. The habit is also associated with an increase in dental plaque.
If you are an older adult and are concerned about the state of your teeth and gums, visit a professional such as Tony Parsley, DMD.


Unless someone wants to tell me differently, neither expression is in use in the UK. If someone did say such a thing, I would have to rely on context for an explanation, or otherwise ask what was meant.
There are times that I am glad that I am no longer young, and not having to understand rap is one of those times. In fact when I hear rap on the radio, I find the "off" button ever so useful.
Topic: HELP! Can anyone do maths?
Thank you very much Erik, even though I now know the answer I have a feeling that pubs all over Wales are going to be arguing about it. It's the sort of question you ask just before you leave!
Russ, we call an ATM a hole in the wall because they are fitted in holes in walls. I'm afraid I really can't see Butch Cassidy's influence in it at all.
If my memory serves me well there is a pub called The Hole In The Wall in Scarborough (Yorkshire) as well as Waterloo.
Oh well, someone had to start it.
When you say floccinaucinihilivilification, do you actually mean floccinaucinihilipilification? Or is this a totally worthless thread?
Topic: Thanks for the laughs.
I can't recall ever heard it uttered before this Dale. It either shows that the circles in which I move are off the beaten track, or the expression is so literal that it didnt even register as an expression, if you know what I mean.
It's an Italian word, and means a renowned opera singer. It got to the Italian from Latin, where it means "goddess".


text:
require 'bundler/setup'

require 'thor'
require 'volt/extra_core/extra_core'
require 'volt/cli/generate'

module Volt
  class CLI < Thor
    include Thor::Actions

    register(Generate, 'generate', 'generate GENERATOR [args]', 'Run a generator.')

    desc 'new PROJECT_NAME', 'generates a new project.'

    def new(name)
      require 'securerandom'

      # Grab the current volt version
      version = File.read(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '../../VERSION'))
      directory('project', name, version: version, name: name)

      say 'Bundling Gems....'
      `cd #{name} && bundle`
    end

    desc 'console', 'run the console on the project in the current directory'

    def console
      require 'volt/cli/console'
      Console.start
    end

    desc 'server', 'run the server on the project in the current directory'
    method_option :port, type: :string, aliases: '-p', banner: 'the port the server should run on'
    method_option :bind, type: :string, aliases: '-b', banner: 'the ip the server should bind to'

    def server
      if RUBY_PLATFORM == 'java'
        require 'volt/server'
      else
        require 'thin'
      end

      require 'fileutils'

      # If we're in a Volt project, clear the temp directory
      # TODO: this is a work around for a bug when switching between
      # source maps and non-source maps.
      if File.exist?('config.ru') && File.exist?('Gemfile')
        FileUtils.rm_rf('tmp/sass')
        FileUtils.rm_rf('tmp/sprockets')
      else
        say('Current folder is not a Volt project', :red)
        return
      end

      if RUBY_PLATFORM == 'java'
        server = Server.new.app
        Rack::Handler::Jubilee.run(server)
        Thread.stop
      else
        ENV['SERVER'] = 'true'
        args = ['start', '--threaded', '--max-persistent-conns', '300']
        args += ['--max-conns', '400'] unless Gem.win_platform?
        args += ['-p', options[:port].to_s] if options[:port]
        args += ['-a', options[:bind]] if options[:bind]

        Thin::Runner.new(args).run!
      end
    end

    desc 'runner FILEPATH', 'Runs a ruby file at FILEPATH in the volt app'
    method_option :file_path, type: :string
    def runner(file_path)
      ENV['SERVER'] = 'true'
      require 'volt/cli/runner'

      Volt::CLI::Runner.run_file(file_path)
    end

    desc 'drop_collection NAME', 'Drop a Collection in your MongoDB'

    def drop_collection(collection)
      ENV['SERVER'] = 'true'
      require 'mongo'
      require 'volt/boot'

      Volt.boot(Dir.pwd)

      host = Volt.config.db_host || 'localhost'
      port = Volt.config.db_port || Mongo::MongoClient::DEFAULT_PORT
      name = Volt.config.db_name

      say("Connecting to #{host}:#{port}", :yellow)
      db = Mongo::MongoClient.new(host, port).db(name)
      drop = db.drop_collection(collection)

      say("Collection #{collection} on #{name} couldn't be dropped", :red) if drop == false
      say("Collection #{collection} on #{name} dropped", :green) if drop == true
    end

    def self.source_root
      File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '../../templates'))
    end
  end
end

# Add in more features
require 'volt/cli/asset_compile'

puts "Volt #{File.read(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '../../VERSION'))}"
Volt::CLI.start(ARGV)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


· Should be M.Sc.- IT, BE - Computer / IT.
· Minimum 4 to 5 Years of experience in Node.js, Angular.js, SQL and NoSQL Databases.
· Must have experience in Patternfly.
· Possessing excellent communication skills.
آپ کس کو جانتے ہیں، لاگ ان کر کے معلوم کریں iVolve Technologies (Pvt.) Ltd.


Napier is a coastal town set in the wine producing region of Hawke's Bay on New Zealand's North Island. The town was rebuilt in 1931 after the earthquake and is now infamous for its Art Deco style landmarks which were typical of the time and have been beautifully preserved over the years. The architecture of Napier makes it truly different from anywhere else in New Zealand and in fact anywhere on Earth.
On an Art Deco guided tour of Napier you will see for yourself why the region has such world wide status for its Art Deco design. Your guide will provide you with informative and interesting commentary on the town and you will learn what Art Deco is all about and why. You will also get the chance to go inside a number of buildings to take in the full design as well as a tour of the Art Deco suburbs and housing estates.
If you are interested in wine as well then join the Napier Scenic Tour which incorporates the Art Deco with a tour of a working winery and wine tasting, you really can't visit the region without participating in a wine tour! During this trip You will visit New Zealand's only Winery Museum and cellars filled with French barrels of red wine. All this has been created inside old fermentation tanks of yesteryear.
And if you are short on time but would like to enjoy a scenic tour of Napier then the Whirlwind tour is a must. This is a short guided tour where you can enjoy Napiers Art Deco style, it's beautiful city gardens and head to a lookout for amazing views over the city. You will also visit Mission Estate Winery, the oldest winery in New Zealand for a brief tour.
does the whirlwind tour include a winery please?


The Journey Planner system, one of the two key features of CycleStreets, will plan routes for you automatically based on the route network known to it.
A proposed new feature (not yet available) is the ability to draw (or upload GPS traces of) your own routes that you already know about.
Sadly, we missed getting this ready in time for the first release of the CycleStreets website. Do you have funding that would help us add this feature, or which would help us set up a collaboration with existing websites that do this?


text:
UP Elections 2017: Akhilesh Yadav Promotes On Call Vote
Amidst collaborating with Congress Party, Samajwadi Party is going ahead with all the strategic moves to attract the voters from all over the State. Present CM Akhilesh Yadav has started with an on call vote process where people can make a call to the Chief Minster and cast his vote. Specifically initiated for tier II and III cities and village-towns, the public can dial the stated number and speak out the name, Akhilesh Yadav thus giving him vote in the upcoming UP Elections 2017.
Carried out in a small area in Lucknow, a three-storey building has almost 70 people where each of them is making a similar petty kind of introduction so as to promote and encourage voters to cast their vote but obviously not disclosing the fact that they are campaigning specifically for Akhilesh Yadav. The instructions have been strictly given to all the workers that any kind of information ought not to be leaked outside this building.
Similar to somewhat like a busy call centre in Lucknow suburbs with sole intention to hunt the assembly polls. Representing itself as Debunk Media house, employees working in ittries to make a survey in small towns and villages subsequently holding a conversation with people so that they are assured that which area of the State is in favour of the party or not. Also, they are targeting few communities and caste, so that they may cast their vote in the upcoming UP Elections 2017.
On the other hand, those who are not getting convinced by the 'approach' and addressing grievances are being resolved in every plausible way so that the preference may change andcomes in favour of what's needed at that particular moment. Work carried out by almost 700 men for solving issues and grievances, the entire process has been inspired by Harvard University's Kennedy School of Governance.
The concept of attracting voters through phone calls and promoting on call votes is an age old process but used for second or third time. As the time gap shortens for UP Elections 2017, seeking vote for their favoured candidate in such manner can be a new way for lobbying as well as political strategies.
TagsAkhilesh YadavUP Elections 2017
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Local package.json exists, but node_modules missing I am trying to start a Redux application I just cloned from a GitHub repository.
I tried to run it with the following command
npm start

I am getting this error
> react-redux@1.0.0 start /home/workspace/assignment
> webpack-dev-server --config ./configs/webpack/webpack.config.development.js

sh: 1: webpack-dev-server: not found
npm ERR! file sh
npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE
npm ERR! errno ENOENT
npm ERR! syscall spawn
npm ERR! react-redux@1.0.0 start: `webpack-dev-server --config ./configs/webpack/webpack.config.development.js`
npm ERR! spawn ENOENT
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Failed at the react-redux@1.0.0 start script.
npm ERR! This is probably not a problem with npm. There is likely additional logging output above.
npm WARN Local package.json exists, but node_modules missing, did you mean to install?

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
npm ERR!     /home/.npm/_logs/2018-05-15T16_32_44_571Z-debug.log

Any help will be appreciated

A: npm start runs a script that the app maker built for easy starting of the app
npm install installs all the packages in package.json
run npm install first
then run npm start

A: Just had the same error message, but when I was running a package.json with:
"scripts": {
    "build": "tsc -p ./src",
}

tsc is the command to run the TypeScript compiler.
I never had any issues with this project because I had TypeScript installed as a global module. As this project didn't include TypeScript as a dev dependency (and expected it to be installed as global), I had the error when testing in another machine (without TypeScript) and running npm install didn't fix the problem. So I had to include TypeScript as a dev dependency (npm install typescript --save-dev) to solve the problem.

A: This issue can also raise when you change your system password but not the same updated on your .npmrc file that exist on path C:\Users\user_name, so update your password there too.
please check on it and run npm install first and then npm start.

A: Working in Grapesjs and get the same error

goto package.json file and check dependencies

*

*Removing unused plugins or unused libraries.

*npm install

*npm start

Sometimes not useful install plugins get errors.

A: Use npm install to install the package.  I was having a permission issue with running this, due to the closed-nature of my office VPN.  This'll solve permission problems...
sudo npm install

In some cases with permissions, when this fails, it emits no error message.  In that case, you may want to adjust user permissions with either chown or chmod.  Other times, though, when it fails, you'll actually see a legit error message...

npm ERR! network tunneling socket could not be established, statusCode=400
npm ERR! network This is most likely not a problem with npm itself
npm ERR! network and is related to network connectivity.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hand breaded, flash fried tender calamari and jalapeno rings, homemade lemon aioli, pineapple chili sauce, grilled half lemon.
Fresh Atlantic salmon topped with a chilled mustard dill glaze, toast points, chive aioli.
House breaded wings tossed in a mild sauce, fresh celery and carrot sticks, bleu cheese dressing.
Lightly seasoned and fried, crumbled bleu cheese, drizzled with bleu cheese aioli and mild Buffalo sauce.
Vine ripe tomatoes, basil, garlic, aged Parmesan atop griddled garlic bread, served with housemade balsamic dressing.
Sushi grade ahi rolled in spices and sesame seeds, seared rare.
Fresh-cut chips lightly baked, bleu cheese crumbles, balsamic reduction drizzle, bleu cheese aioli, rosemary, and thyme.
Creamy spinach, melted brie, tender lump crab, white cheddar and Parmesan cheese crust, fresh-cut chips.
Garlic marinated steak tips, flash seared, housemade horseradish sauce, gherkin pickles, toast points.
Fresh mixed greens, crispy bacon, bleu cheese crumbles, grape tomatoes, dried cranberries, red onions, blackened walnuts, croutons, bleu cheese vinaigrette.
Tender oak grilled steak medallions, fresh mixed greens, cucumber slices, grape tomatoes, roasted red peppers, bleu cheese crumbles, blackened walnuts, raspberry balsamic vinaigrette.
Oak grilled ginger lime marinated chicken breast, crispy wontons layered with chilled rice noodles, fresh mixed greens, housemade sesame ginger dressing, finished with Asian slaw.
Tender Maine lobster meat, fresh mixed greens, fresh corn off the cob, sliced radishes, avocado, cucumbers, grape tomatoes, crispy bacon bits, and housemade green goddess dressing.
Chef's SelectionsToggle visibility of menu section "Chef's Selections"
Boneless beef short ribs drizzled with a cabernet demi-glace, served on a bed of butternut squash ravioli in a sage chardonnay creme sauce.
Oak grilled marinated brick chicken, goat cheese, sun-dried tomatoes, mushrooms, roasted garlic, fresh herbs, spinach, green beans, artichokes, lemon beurre blanc, potato medley.
Tender oak grilled steak medallions filled with herb cheese, wild mushroom demi, potato medley, marinated grilled asparagus.
Tender white chicken, fresh mushrooms, carrots, onions, peas in a supreme sauce, baked puff pastry.
Bowtie pasta, fresh spinach, sun-dried tomatoes, asparagus, tossed in a rich chardonnay cream, grilled garlic bread.
Field fresh eggplant, yellow squash, zucchini, marinated asparagus, red peppers, Mediterranean roasted garlic tomato sauce, five-grain medley.
Rosemary infused, sweet tea brined 12 oz. Duroc "All Natural," antibiotic free, dry-aged pork porterhouse. Served with fresh corn and tomato saute and potato medley.
Crispy, jumbo white shrimp, housemade tartar and pineapple chili sauce. Served with a choice of one side.
Oak grilled, ginger lime marinated salmon fillet, crispy Asian slaw, sesame ginger dressing.
Marinated ahi tuna oak grilled medium rare, crisp Asian slaw, chili garlic, soy, scallion and tomato drizzle. Finished with a coconut lime aioli.
Fresh flounder, tender lump crab, white cheddar and Parmesan cheese, lemon beurre blanc, grilled marinated asparagus, poblano rice.
Apricot mustard jalapeno glaze, sauteed green beans, poblano rice.
Oak grilled, herb butter, house seasoning, corn and tomato saute, poblano rice.
Tender sauteed shrimp, bay scallops, sugar snap peas, zucchini, corn, blistered tomatoes, tossed with cavatappi, caper beurre blanc, finished with Parmesan cheese.
Market Fresh FishToggle visibility of menu section "Market Fresh Fish"
Oak grilled with herb butter and house seasoning or blackened. Served with choice of two sides.
Steaks & Prime RibToggle visibility of menu section "Steaks & Prime Rib"
Our steaks are aged, hand-cut, corn-fed, Midwestern beef, seasoned with our signature seasoning blend. Served with choice of side.
A tender, well-marbled cut of aged beef.
Aged for tenderness and flavor, oak grilled.
Oak grilled thick, center cut.
Closely trimmed, tender center cut.
Slow-roasted, side of horseradish sauce, au jus for dipping.
Burgers, Sandwiches, & QuesadillasToggle visibility of menu section "Burgers, Sandwiches, & Quesadillas"
1/2 pound USDA Certified Angus Beef, lettuce, tomato, onion, pickle, toasted brioche bun. Served with French fries.
Oak grilled chicken breast, fire roasted peppers, onions, and corn, tomato salsa, colby and pepper jack cheeses.
Flash-fried golden brown, spiced panko breaded filet, lettuce, tomato, onion, toasted brioche bun, peach pepper aioli, French fries.
Chilled, tender Maine lobster meat lightly dressed and served in a traditional griddled split-top bun with seasoned waffle chips.
Thinly sliced slow-roasted prime rib, imported Swiss, toasted brioche hoagie, French fries, side of horseradish sauce, au jus for dipping.
Oak grilled eggplant, zucchini, yellow squash, fire roasted peppers, onions, and corn, colby and pepper jack cheeses.


text:
Two of Trump's cabinet picks have links to plastics industry
November 28, 2016	Canadian Plastics
Two names associated with U.S. President-elect Donald Trump's fledgling cabinet have ties to the plastics industry.
Trump's nominee for Education Secretary is Elizabeth DeVos, the daughter of Edgar Prince, the founder of Holland, Mich.-based automotive parts supplier Prince Automotive. Edgar Prince died in 2005, and Prince Automotive was acquired by Johnson Controls Inc. for US$1.35 billion a year later. DeVos, 58, chairs the American Federation for Children, an advocacy group that has pushed to expand charter schools and school voucher programs that provide families with public money to spend on private school tuition.
Elizabeth DeVos
Trump is also reported to be considering billionaire investor Wilbur Ross – who served as Trump's economic policy adviser during the presidential campaign – as Secretary of Commerce. Ross, 79, is the former chairman of injection molder and automotive parts supplier IAC Group, which was formed in 2006 when Lear Corp.'s North American interiors unit and Collins & Aikman Corp.'s European business were merged under Ross' private equity firm, W.L. Ross and Co., and Franklin Mutual Advisers. IAC's North American headquarters is in Southfield, Mich. The firm's Canadian headquarters is located in Concord, Ont.
W.L. Ross buys majority stake in chemicals and plastics distributor Nexeo
Sumitomo Demag links with Sepro for robot supply
Plastics industry pioneer Doug Winter passes away
Aurora Plastics appoints new CEO, CFO
DuPont now accepting entries for Packaging Innovation awards
Plastics processors among 2016 Ontario Export Award winners
Walmart Canada to eliminate single-use plastic bags


Leaf spots typical of apple scab on apple.
What is apple scab? Apple scab is a potentially serious fungal disease of ornamental and fruit trees in the rose family. Trees that are most commonly and severely affected include crabapple, hawthorn, mountain-ash, apple and pear. In ornamental trees, leaf loss caused by apple scab can make trees unsightly and aesthetically unappealing. In fruit trees, leaf loss can reduce fruit yield. In addition, the presence of apple scab on fruits can make the fruit difficult, if not impossible, to market.
What does apple scab look like? Apple scab lesions (diseased areas) are often first noticed on leaves, where they most commonly occur on the upper leaf surface. Fruits are also very susceptible to infection. Lesions on both leaves and fruits are roughly circular with feathery edges, and have an olive green to black color. Lesions can be as small as the size of a pinhead or as large a ½ inch in diameter. When disease is severe, lesions can merge and cover a large portion of the leaf or fruit surface. Defoliation of a tree (i.e., extensive leaf drop) often follows.
Where does apple scab come from? Scab is caused primarily by the fungus Venturia inaequalis. Other species of Venturia can be involved in diseases similar to apple scab. In particular, Venturia pirina causes a very similar disease (called pear scab) on pear. Venturia inaequalis and its relatives survive the winter in leaf litter from infected trees. Scab is most severe in cool, wet years.
How do I save a tree with apple scab? Apple scab is not a lethal disease, even when trees totally defoliate. Once symptoms are visible, it is too late to treat a tree. Proper long-term management of apple scab is important however. If left unchecked, defoliation due to apple scab year after year can stress a tree and make it more susceptible to other, more serious and lethal diseases and insect pests.
How do I avoid problems with apple scab in the future? If your crabapple, apple or pear tree has a history of severe scab, consider replacing it with a resistant variety. See UW-Extension Bulletins A2105 – 'Apple Cultivars for Wisconsin", A2488 – "Home Fruit Cultivars for Northern Wisconsin", and A2582 – "Home Fruit Cultivars for Southern Wisconsin" (all available at https://learningstore.uwex.edu/) for recommendations.
If you have a susceptible tree that you want to maintain, carefully collect up and discard fallen, infected leaves each autumn. These leaves are a major source of spores that can infect leaves the following growing season. Also, be sure to routinely thin your trees to open up the canopy and allow better airflow. Thinning will promote more rapid drying of leaves which is less favorable for apple scab development.
Even with proper fall leaf clean up and thinning, you may have to consider applying fungicide treatments to susceptible trees, particularly when the weather is cool and wet. Captan, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, myclobutanil, propiconazole, or thiophanate methyl, are available for apple scab control, although not all of these active ingredients can be used on trees where fruit will eventually be eaten. Be sure to read and follow all label instructions of the fungicide(s) that you select to ensure that you use the correct fungicide(s) in the safest and most effective manner possible. Typically, you will need to treat every seven to 14 days from bud break until wet weather subsides. DO NOT use myclobutanil, propiconazole, or thiophanate methyl as the sole active ingredient for all treatments. If you decide to use one of these active ingredients, alternate its use with at least one of the other active ingredients listed above to help minimize problems with fungicide-resistant strains of the apple and pear scab fungi.
Typical scab lesions on apple fruit.


text:
Joyful Enthusiasm
by Carl Ballard — Wednesday, 3/14/12 , 7:53 am
I know I come across as a skeptical bastard on this blog. And often times with good reason. The fights get ugly, and people's lives come to harm far to often as a result of poor decisions made in various city halls and county council chambers, in Olympia, and in DC. Yet for all of the problems, for all the bullshit, for all the fights and arguments, I love politics because they're a way to improve people's lives.
Really, we fight so hard because this matters. I mean holy shit, we get to help chose the president, and on and on down. We get to influence the direction of our country and our state. And critically, we get to complain when things don't live up to our standards.
We get to complain about the people on the other side of the aisle. We get to complain that the people supposedly on our side far too often acting mealy mouthed and pathetic. We get to complain about the influence of money. We get to complain about the operatives on the other side and the apologists for mediocrity on our own side.
So if it looks like I'm buried in snark and in skepticism, well I probably am. But I'm also so glad to be able to have this platform. I really approach it joyfully.
One of the things I like about this forum is that it gives me advance notice of the right-wing dis-information campaigns, so I can do some investigation and prepare a response. Before I started reading this forum, I would often get blind-sided by someone throwing some so-called "fact" at me which they got from Limbaugh or Hannity or whomever, and I didn't have the slightest idea from where that came.
Now if it's not the subject of a humorous post here, we can usually count on the trolls to bring it up.
dorky dorkman spews:
"•I killed eight gophers last year and a purebred Tennessee walking horse that was looking at me funny." Dick Cheney
Yes, politics matters, because when Republicans run things innocent people die. Take, for example, the GOP's attitude that guns should be widely availble to everyone:
"At least one person was shot dead by a man outside a county courthouse in Beaumont, Texas, local media reported Wednesday. An elderly woman was killed and at least three others were shot, including two rushed to the hospital with several gunshot wounds, KFDM TV reported. The shootings took place outside the courthouse, in the basement of the county clerk's office and at a bus station."
http://usnews.msnbc.msn.com/_n.....courthouse
"A 3-year-old boy accidentally killed himself with a gun as another child sat next to him in a car, police in Tacoma reported Wednesday, the third recent shooting of a child in Washington state. The car was parked at a gas station just after midnight Wednesday when the boy's mom got out to buy some items and her boyfriend went to fuel the car, leaving his gun inside, NBC affiliate KING5 TV reported."
http://usnews.msnbc.msn.com/_n.....inside-car
Roger Rabbit Commentary: Madmen and dumbasses shouldn't have guns.
YLB spews:
Wednesday, 3/14/12 at 2:38 pm
I love politics because they're a way to improve people's lives.
Heh. Right wingers really believe that when a rich person gets a tax cut that amounts to many times an average working joe's annual income and the not so well off right winger's own tax cut allows them to replace their sputtering refigerator – oh wow.. The right winger feels reeeal good…
When a teacher is laid off due to republican spending cuts and she loses her house and has to take a minimum wage job and class sizes get bigger as a result, right wingers think yeah things are getting better.
Gee us lefties think if we could only manage to raise taxes to say where Germany is which is about HALF the rate THIS COUNTRY levied in the freaking 50's, then maybe we could reduce class sizes, increase access to education for job re-training and improve access to health care for people who've been visiting emergency rooms, shore up failing infrastructure, give people jobs that promote economic growth AND reduce deficit spending, yeah that would make people's lives better..
Very different views of how politics make people's lives better.
# 3: If nothing else, the 2000 and 2004 elections proved that (a) it really DOES matter who is President; and (b) it better not be a Republican.
It's really hard to document all the things which went wrong during the Bush years. His Presidency impacted all of our lives, and not in a good way.
He was given the last, best warning of Osama Bin Laden's intentions to attack America, and he was perturbed that his vacation was being interrupted. He started a war against a country whose's leader was a brutal dictator but which was contained and had nothing to do with 9/11. His campaign to break apart FEMA and rely upon contractors to perform disaster services was, well, an unmitigated disaster. His "hands off" attitude toward banking, investment firms, and business in general led to a whole host of problems, of which the 2007-2009 Great Depression affected all of us in some way or another, destroying 1/4 of U.S. net worth and eliminating the financial security of many Americans for at least the next decade. His policy of crony capitalism led to lax regulation of offshore drilling, resulting in the Gulf Horizon disaster.
And the only thing the Republicans saw wrong with the idological basis for any of this was the almost-too-late bailout under TARP I.
You wouldn't hire a manager who says he hates your business and wants to destroy it. Why should you vote for a Republican who hates government and does everything possible to prevent it from working for the benefit of anyone other than the very wealthy?
SomeRepublicanDullard spews:
Hey, every time a rich person gets a tax cut an angel get it's wings. Besides you're just angry and hating because you're not rich enough to qualify.
I think I covered all the bases in that one, didn't I?
slut spews:
I just read on kos that there are only two national advertisers left supporting Limbaugh's show.
One of them is LifeLock, an identity theft protection racket, er, company.
A quick wikipedia search yielded this about the principals/founders:
In 2009 the company was found guilty of defrauding customers and Experian by keeping their credit information in a state of constant "fraud alert."[3]
Former LifeLock CEO Todd Davis was the victim of identity theft 13 times during 2007 and 2008, after he "publicly posted his Social Security number on billboards and in TV commercials as part of a campaign to promote his company's credit monitoring services".[4]
Robert J. Maynard, Jr., company co-founder, resigned in June 2007 amid allegations that he had stolen his father's identity and ran up $150,000 in American Express bills.[5]
In March 2010 LifeLock was fined $12 million by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), "to settle charges that the company used false claims to promote its identity theft protection services, which it widely advertised by displaying the CEO's Social Security number on the side of a truck."
I think I'll amend my default response regarding Republicans from 'lying or stupid' to 'lying and stupid'!
# 8: It figures. The Republican standard SOP in business and government is to use fear and greed to motivate people let down their guard and let Republican businesses take control of their lives. In this case, it is the fear of identitity theft, in which the fearful mark unwittingly gives the company access to (a) all their personal information and authority to access accounts in their name, and (b) charges the mark a fee, to boot.
It looks like some folks have a joyful enthusiasm for court house shootings.
A Houston man on trial for aggravated sexual assault opened fire today in Beaumont, Texas, leaving his 20-year-old daughter in critical condition and wounding her mother, according to police.
Bartholomew Granger, 41, also shot at two bystanders, killing 79-year-old Minnie Ray Seabol and wounding the other bystander, police said.
His daughter, Samantha Jackson, and ex-wife were witnesses against him in his sexual assault case; Jackson had already begun her testimony in the case and was scheduled to resume at 1:00 p.m.
After shooting his daughter, Granger ran her over with his vehicle, authorities said.
http://abcnews.go.com/US/texas.....2E-hRz5MxQ
The article also mentions a court house shooting in Tulsa last week.
Was the daughter the victim?
Intentionally shooting your daughter is cold and inexcusable.
Shooting your daughter, then running over her is so bad I can't think of words to describe it. Then shooting a 79 year old grandma????
I guess this is why they have the death penalty in Texas – I can't think of a more appropriate penalty.
The dude was on trial for sexual assault, his wife and daughter were witnesses against him. He shot his daughter and then ran her over with his truck.
Goldy has a friend in Spokane! State Rep. Andy Billig's posted a couple of Goldy's stories on his FB page. Including this one:
Political writers tend to characterize the budget battle in Olympia as yet another partisan struggle between Republicans and Democrats, but as in most wars, it's the civilian noncombatants who inevitably suffer the most devastating casualties.
"If it wasn't for Disability Lifeline, I would've been dead," says William Cruz, 50, about a state health-care program that Republican budget writers are fighting to eliminate. After losing his job at a Seattle software company following the dot-com bust, Cruz moved into a low-rent University District apartment, unaware that it was infested with toxic black mold. Within six weeks, the symptoms set in—chronic pain, weakness, fatigue, depression, and, most debilitating, dementia. Cruz soon found himself homeless and out on the streets.
http://www.thestranger.com/sea.....d=13018177
yd spews:
Yes Please, take on the NRA, and Please do it in this election cycle. It will assure that we have a great discussion on the subjet before people cast their votes in 2012.
Limbaugh Blowback Grows Hotter
The body county of Limbaugh national ex-advertisers is now up to 141.
"The idea that the recent controversy could actually become 'the end of talk radio' is a comment from Rush Limbaugh himself."
He should have called it "hate-talk radio" because that's what it is.
http://www.cnbc.com/id/46731446/


text:
Rowena Meager
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Viewing: Company and Partnership for Rowena Meager
Please Select a CV to View General Profile Banking Finance and Financial Regulation Business and Property Commercial Litigation Company and Partnership Inheritance Wills Trusts and Estates Insolvency International Human Rights Planning and Environment Real Estate Regulatory
Rowena is available for instruction in a wide range of company/partnership issues. Recent cases she has dealt with include (but are not limited to) minority shareholders actions, issues concerning derivative actions against a foreign registered company (ie outside the Companies Act 2006), action by a member to wind a company up on just and equitable grounds, action against directors by the company for breach of directors duties and dishonest misappropriation of company property, issues concerning the disqualification of directors, and recovery of partnership assets. Cases include:
Re Borex Property Limited (a company incorporated in the State of Belize with limited liability) [2015] EWHC 2610 (Ch), Harris –v- SOS for Business, Innovation and Skills [2013] EWHC 2514 (Ch), [2014] 1 BCLC 447
Rowena undertook pupillage at New Square Chambers, a leading chancery and commercial chambers in Lincoln's Inn, before returning directly to academia for a time. She was a pupil to Nicholas Le Poidevin QC, Alexander Hill-Smith and Mark Hubbard. Subsequently, whilst lecturing, she held a practising door tenancy with Harcourt Chambers in Oxford and then joined No5 Chambers upon taking up full-time practice.
Seminars and Training
Rowena frequently delivers seminar / training papers on a wide range of topics to audiences of legal practitioners as well as to other professionals such as planning consultants. Recent papers delivered include topics such as localism, emerging policy and the weight to be attributed to ministerial statements, break clauses in commercial leases, agricultural and business property relief from inheritance tax, commercial leases and the landlord and tenant relationship and contentious probate (due execution of wills, capacity, undue influence, want of knowledge and approval, etc).
Prior to joining No5 Chambers Rowena enjoyed an academic career. She has held lecturing posts at New College, Oxford, and the University of Buckingham. Until 2014 she continued to teach the Law of Trusts for New College every year (alongside her practice) and from 2009 to 2012 Rowena held a three year, fixed term appointment as external examiner for the University of Cambridge for their Land Economy Tripos undergraduate programme (with specific responsibility for all law and planning papers).
Rowena has published widely on various property law related topics although she does have a particular interest in the rapidly developing law on the registration of new greens. Her publications address but are not limited to topics as diverse as the law concerning the registration of new greens, issues concerning public and private rights of way, proprietary estoppel, the establishment of rights in the family home and issues arising in respect of the liability of trustees who are also directors of a corporate trust company. Rowena has been a regular contributor to the Rights of Way Law Review (an authoritative commentary on English Law relating to rights of way, new green registration and highway law, amongst other things) and one of her articles (RWLR Oct 2009) was cited with approval by Lord Hope in the Supreme Court in R (Lewis) v Redcar and Cleveland BC [2010], a decision which changed the legal test for the registration of new town and village greens.
Prescription and User As of Right: Ripe for Wholesale Reform? Modern Studies in Property Law Volume 6, Hart Publishing, 2011, Susan Bright ed, Chapter 12, p 241
New Town and Village Greens and Rights of Use, Rights of Way Law Review (RWLR), April 2011, Section 15.3, page 189
The Village Green Industry: Back in Business [2010] 69(2) Cambridge Law Journal 238
Redcar in SC: Deference is Dead Rights of Way Law Review, May 2010, Section 15.3, 161
Wild v Secretary of State Rights of Way Law Review, January 2010, Section 6.2, 27
Nec vi, nec clam, nec precario: The only criteria for a prescriptive claim? [2009] 73 Conveyancer and Property Lawyer, 505
Deference and User As of Right: An Unholy Alliance Rights of Way Law Review, October 2009, Section 15.3, 147
Pick a Number (2009) New Law Journal 1281
'Dog-leg' claims kicked into touch: beneficiaries exposed? [2009] Denning Law Journal 119
A setback for the village green industry? [2009] 68(2) Cambridge Law Journal 281
A Family Affair (2009) New Law Journal 588
Smith v Muller Rights of Way Law Review, February 2009, Section 14.2, 85
Show Me The Money (2009) New Law Journal 144
The Winchester Case Rights of Way Law Review, February 2008, Section 7.1, 33
New Town and Village Greens Rights of Way Law Review, October 2007, Section 15.3, 123
New Town and Village Greens: Back From the Brink [2006] 70 Conveyancer and Property Lawyer 584
New Town and Village Greens: A Thing of the Past? [2006] 70 Conveyancer and Property Lawyer 265
A New Dawn for Town and Village Greens? Rights of Way Law Review, February 2006, Section 15.3, 91
Secret Trusts: Do They Have a Future? [2003] 67 Conveyancer and Property Lawyer 203
Lincoln's Inn (Lord Denning, Hardwicke and Shelford Scholar and Buchanan Prize Winner)
Denning Society (society of scholars of Lincoln's Inn)
Property Bar Association
Society of Legal Scholars
Planning and Environment Bar Association
LLB (Hons) (First Class)
BCL (Oxon)
BVC (graded 'Outstanding')
Licensed for direct access
Awarded a 'Lord Denning Scholarship', a 'Hardwicke Scholarship' and a 'Shelford Scholarship' by Lincoln's Inn
Awarded a 'Buchanan Prize' by Lincoln's Inn for 'outstanding' BVC performance
Awarded the 'Clifford Chance Prize' for best performance in Civil Procedure in the 2003 BCL examinations
Awarded the 'Barnett Bequest' by Merton College, Oxford, to study for the BCL
Awarded 'Linnels Pize' for best graduating undergraduate law student in her year
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