Our diverse range of items offers something for every need: strong, safe and robust; or slick, styled and minimal to create the perfect learning environment. We'll ship your school furniture direct to you nationwide.
Freight Included prices are to main centres only. Rural deliveries may attract a small surcharge.
For delivery to Kawau, Great Barrier, Waiheke, The Chatham islands and others, special arrangements will have to be made and charged for.
Please note that all orders under $500 before GST will incur a 'pick and pack' handling fee of $25 (exc. GST) per order.


With the release of Skagurski Stadium in FunGoPlay, we've got a ton of new football stuff for you to play with. To celebrate, we're going to have Trivia Tuesday with football facts! Read the facts below, and then submit your own facts to the FunGoPlay Forum to win prizes.
In 2008, the Detroit Lions became the first NFL team to go through an entire 16-game season without a single win.
Since 2000, every player to appear on the cover of Madden has suffered a season altering gaff or injury (besides Larry Fitzgerald).
Crazy, right? What are your favorite NFL facts? Post one to this thread on the FunGoPlay forum and win a sweet prize!
Posted by fungoplay on November 1, 2011 in Contest and tagged contest, facts, football, forum, fun facts, NFL.


text:
Julian Teoh
Julian Teoh's Expertise
jteoh@dacbeachcroft.com
Julian specialises in insurance and reinsurance disputes, especially in high-value complex matters with a cross-border element.
He has over 16 years' experience in Sydney and Singapore, advising re/insurer clients on risks across a range of sectors including hospitality, energy, manufacturing, resources, heavy industrial and logistics.
He has a strong background in accounting and industry, and has also completed a secondment with Australia's largest general insurer.
Relevant experience includes:
Advising excess layer insurers of an insured industrial gas contactor in respect of claims arising from a catastrophic fire at a hi-tech research facility in Singapore.
Advising re/insurers on coverage in respect of multiple breakdowns at a Vietnamese combined cycle power plant.
Advising and acting for insured turbine manufacturers in an arbitration brought in respect of claims arising from a petrochemical refinery breakdown in Johor, Malaysia.
Advising and acting for insured crane manufacturers in an arbitration arising from a crane collapse at an offshore exploration platform, and supervising recovery proceedings in the French courts.
Advising and acting for a blockchain technology start-up in recovering its losses against a former director.
Advising insurers on coverage in respect of claims brought by a technology company against its former directors arising from a series of failed overseas investments.
Julian is recognised as a leading practitioner in Euromoney's Legal Experts Guide to Insurance and Reinsurance in Singapore, and in the Gracechurch Asia-Pacific Insurance Law Report, earning praise for his "very good technical skills" and "familiarity with the local market, and strong network of contacts".
20 Collyer Quay #14-01 Singapore 049319

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word wonder.
"He wondered who had built this beautiful church"
"I wonder whether this was the right thing to do"; "she wondered whether it would snow tonight"
Wonder is an emotion comparable to surprise that people feel when perceiving something very rare or unexpected. It has historically been seen as an important aspect of human nature, specifically being linked with curiosity and the drive behind intellectual exploration. Wonder is also often compared to the emotion of awe but awe implies fear or respect rather than joy.
Song lyrics by wonder -- Explore a large variety of song lyrics performed by wonder on the Lyrics.com website.
Philosophy is the product of wonder.
Love is the 8th wonder of the world.
"wonder." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2019. Web. 20 Apr. 2019. <https://www.definitions.net/definition/wonder>.


text:
Q: Python QWebEngineView redirects to wrong language page When I browse to a page using the following code, the result is in another language (Russian I think).  When I browse to the same url in other browsers I get the English 404 page as expected.  I tried setting the accept language, but that didn't help.  What am I missing?
import sys
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtCore
from PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets import QWebEngineView
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
w = QWebEngineView()
w.page().profile().setHttpAcceptLanguage('en')  # This doesn't help
w.load(QtCore.QUrl('http://turbobit.net/download'))  # Goes to russian? 404 page
w.show()
app.exec_()

The following webkit version works as expected
import sys
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtCore
from PyQt5.QtWebKitWidgets import QWebView
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
w = QWebView()
w.setUrl(QtCore.QUrl('http://turbobit.net/download'))  # Loads correct English 404 page
w.show()
app.exec_()

A: You need to set the language before creating the view:
import sys

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtCore
from PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets import QWebEngineView, QWebEngineProfile

app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
QWebEngineProfile.defaultProfile().setHttpAcceptLanguage('en')
w = QWebEngineView()
w.load(QtCore.QUrl('http://turbobit.net/download'))
w.show()
app.exec_()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Books |
Books by Date
FEATURE Books
On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation
By David Ricardo
Ricardo's book,
On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, was first published in 1817 (London: John Murray, Albemarle-Street), with second and third editions in quick succession.We present Ricardo's final revision, the third edition, published in 1821, here.The three different editions encompassed several substantive changes in the development of Ricardo's ideas. A comprehensive, readable comparison of the three editions can be found
Works of David Ricardo, Vol. 1, ed. by Pierro Sraffa with the collaboration of M. H. Dobb, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951. We are indebted to this fine work and have relied on it to correct occasional typographical misprints in the 1821 edition.Minor editorial modifications in this edition are: removing periods after the roman numerals designating kings and "per cent." We have also substituted modern £ symbol for the historical
l. and added commas in numbers greater than 1,000.Editor
Library of Economics and Liberty
First Pub. Date
London: John Murray
3rd edition.
The text of this edition is in the public domain. Picture of David Ricardo courtesy of The Warren J. Samuels Portrait Collection at Duke University.
Ch.1, On Value
Ch.2, On Rent
Ch.3, On the Rent of Mines
Ch.4, On Natural and Market Price
Ch.5, Of Wages
Ch.6, On Profits
Ch.7, On Foreign Trade
Ch.8, On Taxes
Ch.9, Taxes on Raw Produce
Ch.10, Taxes on Rent
Ch.11, Tithes
Ch.12, Land-Tax
Ch.13, Taxes on Gold
Ch.14, Taxes on Houses
Ch.15, Taxes on Profits
Ch.16, Taxes on Wages
Ch.17, Taxes on Other Commodities
Ch.18, Poor Rates
Ch.19, Changes in the Channels of Trade
Ch.20, Value and Riches
Ch.21, Profits and Interest
Ch.22, Bounties on Exportation, Importation
Ch.23, On Bounties on Production
Ch.24, Adam Smith concerning the Rent of Land
Ch.25, On Colonial Trade
Ch.26, On Gross and Net Revenue
Ch.27, On Currency and Banks
Ch.28, Comparative Value of Gold, Corn, and Labour
Ch.29, Taxes Paid by the Producer
Ch.30, Influence of Demand and Supply on Prices
Ch.31, On Machinery
Ch.32, Mr Malthus's Opinion on Rent
The produce of the earth—all that is derived from its surface by the united application of labour, machinery, and capital, is divided among three classes of the community; namely, the proprietor of the land, the owner of the stock or capital necessary for its cultivation, and the labourers by whose industry it is cultivated.
But in different stages of society, the proportions of the whole produce of the earth which will be allotted to each of these classes, under the names of rent, profit, and wages, will be essentially different; depending mainly on the actual fertility of the soil, on the accumulation of capital and population, and on the skill, ingenuity, and instruments employed in agriculture.
To determine the laws which regulate this distribution, is the principal problem in Political Economy: much as the science has been improved by the writings of Turgot, Stuart, Smith, Say, Sismondi, and others, they afford very little satisfactory information respecting the natural course of rent, profit, and wages.
In 1815, Mr. Malthus, in his "Inquiry into the Nature and Progress of Rent," and a Fellow of University College, Oxford, in his "Essay on the Application of Capital to Land," presented to the world, nearly at the same moment, the true doctrine of rent; without a knowledge of which, it is impossible to understand the effect of the progress of wealth on profits and wages, or to trace satisfactorily the influence of taxation on different classes of the community; particularly when the commodities taxed are the productions immediately derived from the surface of the earth. Adam Smith, and the other able writers to whom I have alluded, not having viewed correctly the principles of rent, have, it appears to me, overlooked many important truths, which can only be discovered after the subject of rent is thoroughly understood.
To supply this deficiency, abilities are required of a far superior cast to any possessed by the writer of the following pages; yet, after having given to this subject his best consideration—after the aid which he has derived from the works of the above-mentioned eminent writers—and after the valuable experience which a few late years, abounding in facts, have yielded to the present generation—it will not, he trusts, be deemed presumptuous in him to state his opinions on the laws of profits and wages, and on the operation of taxes. If the principles which he deems correct, should be found to be so, it will be for others, more able than himself, to trace them to all their important consequences.
The writer, in combating received opinions, has found it necessary to advert more particularly to those passages in the writings of Adam Smith from which he sees reason to differ; but he hopes it will not, on that account, be suspected that he does not, in common with all those who acknowledge the importance of the science of Political Economy, participate in the admiration which the profound work of this celebrated author so justly excites.
The same remark may be applied to the excellent works of M. Say, who not only was the first, or among the first, of continental writers, who justly appreciated and applied the principles of Smith, and who has done more than all other continental writers taken together, to recommend the principles of that enlightened and beneficial system to the nations of Europe; but who has succeeded in placing the science in a more logical, and more instructive order; and has enriched it by several discussions, original, accurate, and profound.
1* The respect, however, which the author entertains for the writings of this gentleman, has not prevented him from commenting with that freedom which he thinks the interests of science require, on such passages of the "Economie Politique," as appeared at variance with his own ideas.
In this Edition I have endeavoured to explain more fully than in the last, my opinion on the difficult subject of VALUE, and for that purpose have made a few additions to the first chapter. I have also inserted a new chapter on the subject of MACHINERY, and on the effects of its improvement on the interests of the different classes of the State. In the chapter on the DISTINCTIVE PROPERTIES OF VALUE AND RICHES, I have examined the doctrines of M. Say on that important question, as amended in the fourth and last edition of his work. I have in the last chapter endeavoured to place in a stronger point of view than before, the doctrine of the ability of a country to pay additional money taxes, although the aggregate money value of the mass of its commodities should fall, in consequence either of the diminished quantity of labour required to produce its corn at home, by improvements in its husbandry, or from its obtaining a part of its corn at a cheaper price from abroad, by means of the exportation of its manufactured commodities. This consideration is of great importance, as it regards the question of the policy of leaving unrestricted the importation of foreign corn, particularly in a country burthened with a heavy fixed money taxation, the consequence of an immense National Debt. I have endeavoured to shew, that the ability to pay taxes, depends, not on the gross money value of the mass of commodities, nor on the net money value of the revenues of capitalists and landlords, but on the money value of each man's revenue, compared to the money value of the commodities which he usually consumes.
Chapter xv, part i. "Des Débouchés," contains, in particular, some very important principles, which I believe were first explained by this distinguished writer.
Book i, chap. 5.
"But though labour be the real measure of the exchangeable value of all commodities, it is not that by which their value is commonly estimated. It is often difficult to ascertain the proportion between two different quantities of labour. The time spent in two different sorts of work will not always alone determine this proportion. The different degrees of hardship endured, and of ingenuity exercised, must likewise be taken into account. There may be more labour in an hour's hard work, than in two hours easy business; or, in an hour's application to a trade which it costs ten years' labour to learn, than in a month's industry at an ordinary and obvious employment. But it is not easy to find any accurate measure, either of hardship or ingenuity. In exchanging, indeed, the different productions of different sorts of labour for one another, some allowance is commonly made for both. It is adjusted, however, not by any accurate measure, but by the higgling and bargaining of the market, according to that sort of rough equality, which though not exact, is sufficient for carrying on the business of common life."—
Wealth of Nations, book i, chap 10. [Actual quote is from book i, chap v.]
Wealth of Nations, book i, chap. 10.
Editorial note: the £ symbol is substituted for
l. throughout in the text.
A division not essential, and in which the line of demarcation cannot be accurately drawn.
We here see why it is that old countries are constantly impelled to employ machinery, and new countries to employ labour. With every difficulty of providing for the maintenance of men, labour necessarily rises, and with every rise in the price of labour, new temptations are offered to the use of machinery. This difficulty of providing for the maintenance of men is in constant operation in old countries, in new ones a very great increase in the population may take place without the least rise in the wages of labour. It may be as easy to provide for the 7th, 8th, and 9th million of men as for the 2d, 3d, and 4th.
Mr. Malthus remarks on this doctrine, "We have the power indeed, arbitrarily to call the labour which has been employed upon a commodity its real value, but in so doing, we use words in a different sense from that in which they are customarily used; we confound at once the very important distinction between
cost and
value; and render it almost impossible to explain with clearness, the main stimulus to the production of wealth, which in fact depends upon this distinction."
Mr. Malthus appears to think that it is a part of my doctrine, that the cost and value of a thing should be the same;—it is, if he means by cost, "cost of production" including profits. In the above passage, this is what he does not mean, and therefore he has not clearly understood me.
The text of the first and second editions contain an appendix to Chapter 1 with additional comparative statics discussions. Ricardo omitted this appendix in the third edition.
Categories: David Ricardo
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Russ Roberts on Smith, Ricardo, and Trade
Russ Roberts, host of EconTalk, does a monologue this week on the economics of trade and specialization. Economists have focused on David Ricardo's idea of comparative advantage as the source of specialization and wealth creation from trade. Drawing on Adam Smith and the work of James Buchanan, Yong Yoon, and Paul Romer, Roberts argues that we've neglected the role of the size of the market in creating incentives for specialization and wealth creation via trade. Simply put, the more people we tr...
COLLECTION: DAVID RICARDO
The article you're reading is part of Econlib's David Ricardo collection. Explore other David Ricardo articles:
"Economics and Ideology: Aspects of the Post-Ricardian Literature"
Samuel Hollander
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text:
Q: HttpClient in Netbeans How can I use HttpComponents (Download) 4.2.5 to in order to make the QuickStart example compatible in Netbeans 7.3?
In Eclipse everything works fine, creating a custom library with the path to the lib/ was enough.

A: Solution:

*

*Choose File, Project Properties. The Project Properties dialog opens.

*Click Libraries in the Categories pane, and then click the Add Library button. The Add Library dialog opens.

*Click the Create button. The Create New Library dialog opens.

*Enter e.g. HTTPClient in the Library Name field and click OK. The Customize Library dialog opens.

*Click Add JAR/Folder. The Browser JAR/Folder dialog opens.

*Find the folder where you saved unpacked HTTPClient and choose ALL the JAR files in the lib folder. Click Add JAR/Folder.

*In the Customize Library dialog, click OK.

*In the Add Library dialog, choose HTTPClient and click Add Library.

*In the Project Properties dialog, click OK.

Based on R. Cadenhead "Sams Teach Yourself Java in 24 Hours" [p. 303].


text:
Q: How are 24-hour (military) times read aloud? I understand you read 2000 aloud as twenty hundred hours and 0000 as zero hours.
How then do you read 0001 and 0010?

A: *

*0001: zero zero zero one (hours)

*0010: zero zero ten (hours)

Sometimes, instead of zero, oh is used, although this is a more colloquial form.
From what I have read, whether or not the "hours" part is pronounced depends on the branch of military; usually it is understood to be implicit and thus left out.
http://www.wikihow.com/Tell-Military-Time

A:
This is an expanded and edited version of my original answer, with additional material included primarily to address various comments below my original answer suggesting that:

*

*"I take the asker's writing of both the numerical values and their pronunciations to be indications that he is indeed asking about how the times are said in a military context, rather than in generic English contexts around the world."
[Response: OP's question does not mention "military" at all; the numeric format and terminology is not restricted to the military as explained below. OP has not commented on this point.]

*"the 24-hour system ... is not the same as the military system"
[Response: The formal military system is one format of the 24-hour system, and differences/similarities between it and civilian usage vary. "The 24-hour clock ... is popularly referred to as military time in [various] countries." See quotations and discussion below.]

* "hours and minutes (and seconds) are ... always separated by something in the 24-hour system, while they are never separated in the military system"
[Response: Both separated and unseparated formats are permitted by ISO 8601 and are in common usage, as shown below.]

Definitions

The 24-hour clock is the convention of time keeping in which the day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into 24 hours, indicated by the hours passed since midnight, from 0 to 23. This system is the most commonly used time notation in the world today, and is the international standard (ISO 8601) notation for time of day. ... It is popularly referred to as military time or astronomical time in the United States, Canada, and a handful of other countries where the 12-hour clock is still dominant.
Wikipedia 1
ISO 8601 uses the 24-hour clock system. The basic format is [hh][mm][ss] and the extended format is [hh]:[mm]:[ss].

*

*[hh] refers to a zero-padded hour between 00 and 24 (where 24 is only used to notate midnight at the end of a calendar day).

*[mm] refers to a zero-padded minute between 00 and 59.

*[ss] refers to a zero-padded second between 00 and 60 (where 60 is only used to notate an added leap second).

  So a time might appear as either "134730" in the basic format or "13:47:30" in the extended format.
  It is also acceptable to omit lower order time elements for reduced accuracy: [hh]:[mm], [hh][mm] and [hh] are all used.
Wikipedia 2

Military time
Although the 24-hour system of writing time is often "popularly referred to as "military time in the United States, Canada, and a handful of other countries where the 12-hour clock is still dominant" 4, in much of the rest of the world it is now the normal format for writing times unambiguously without using "a.m." and "p.m.", especially in schedules, timetables, and many other documents. (In fact, personally, I now get confused when looking at websites that do not display the time in 24-hour format.)
The previous answer gives a link to a website for "Tell-Military-Time", and also refers to possible differences between different of the military. It would appear that that site actually describes usage within the US Military.  Personally, I would be hesitant is assuming that any usage described there corresponds to common usage within other English-speaking countries worldwide.  That would be especially so, because within the military, they are speaking with others trained in using the same terminology, whereas in the 'outside world' you may be speaking to someone not familiar with particular terminology.
Numeric format
As indicated in the extract quoted previously, the ISO standard permits the presence or absence of separators between the digits representing the hours, minutes and seconds. But it does specify that, when a separator is used, it should be a colon.

In the past, some European countries used the dot on the line as a separator, but most national standards on time notation have since then been changed to the international standard colon. In some contexts (e.g., U.S. military, some computer protocols), no separator is used (e.g., 2359). 5

See the following examples:
Some airlines use a colon separator [Image source]:

Several UK railway timetables use no separator symbol, but use a small space [Image source]:

Several UK bus companies use no separator at all [Image source]:

[I have found many other examples of each format, but will not illustrate or list them here.]
Speaking the time
Reverting now to OP's basic question of how to express 24-hour time in speech, military protocols may specify exact formulae, but in civilian usage:
Personally, I would not refer to:

*

*0001 as zero zero zero one hours

*0010 as zero zero ten hours
for fear that it may be misunderstood as "one hour" or "ten hours" after midnight. I would probably say:

one minute past midnight
  ten minutes past midnight

but, depending who I was talking to, I might use any of the following:

midnight oh one
  zero hours one minute
  twelve oh one †
  one minute past twelve †

† if it were already clear that we were referring to midnight and not noon.
Or any other similar expression that came to mind.
In summary, my answer to the questioner would be that (outside the military and other officialdom) there is no formal set way of expressing times in the 24-hour clock, and I would suggest expressing it in any suitable unambiguous manner that would be understood by the person to whom you are talking, even if that means 'translating' the time into a traditional or 12-hour format.


Star Trek means a lot to me personally as a kid I got into Star Wars, but when I got to my teens and 20's I was drawn to Star Trek and it's view of what could be our own future.
I really enjoyed the story telling and the characters and with Star Trek The Next Generation I was able to watch as it launched and felt like I was on this crazy ride every week always waiting for more. It was a great time to be a fan back when TNG and Star Trek Deep Space Nine were running at the same time. But what really kicked it up was when I found the convention scene. Star Trek fandom has always been know for the "Trekkies" films but I found that the Star Trek fans were some of the most passionate I have ever seen.
So I started attending some of the local Star Trek conventions and I met ALOT of great people. Most of my close friends today are people that I met at Star Trek or other type conventions. I actually met Jim of Sci-Fried at a local Star Trek convention here in Orlando and we've been friends ever since. I also met Vern of Sci-Fried at the same convention! It's crazy to think there would be no Sci-Fried without the old Trek cons!
Star Trek also helped me through some tough times in my life. When my father passed I was very lost and Star Trek helped me get through it. Getting lost in all the different episodes helped me deal with my grief, and there were many a episode that did the same thing. Also over the years of going to and performing at Star Trek conventions I have got to know and have friendships with some of the actors from Star Trek.
The biggest thing Star Trek has done for me was introduce me to my wife! Yes we met at the same local Star Trek con too! Christine — or KheTara as she is called on the Klingon homeworld — ran the Klingon bar "The Warped Core" with other fans and always had it set up at the local shows. We became friends and she even made me my first Klingon costume! Forward years later and we had a full costumed Klingon wedding at the same hotel they used to run the Star Trek convention at! Had a great time with 200 people all dressed in various costumes.
We're actually getting ready to go to the Star Trek Las Vegas show put on by Creation and see all our trek family that lives all over the US. We just saw the new movie and this one really set a new tone for what the new Star Trek movie franchise should be. Such a great film.
I hope you all enjoy our music video for "A Tall Ship"! Live Long and Prosper!


As the Bosch 800 Series SHX68T55UC reviewed herein, LG LDF8764ST is a high performance fully integrated dishwasher that cleans fast and efficiently. It has a durable, aesthetic, and easy to clean stainless steel body. It also has a stable design; a simple and easy to install system; and a well-designed inner with six effective wash cycles. For those that clean dirty and greasy plates and pots often, this machine has a functional TrueSteam generator that make clean up a breeze. Its EasyRack plus system eases organization of utensils, while its dual control cycle has a unique SenseClean system that boosts its functionality further.
Popular among homeowners worldwide, Fisher Paykel DD24SCX7 is a semi-integrated high performance dishwasher with a large 24-inch design, ideal for heavy duty cleaning. It has a durable and aesthetic stainless steel construction, an easy to use design, and a novel Energy Star-rated design that cut down on electrical consumption whilst in use. Its versatile system has seven place settings. You also get nine wash cycles (including an Eco function); adjustable racks that accommodate larger utensils, a 163-degree sanitizing temperature function for neutralizing bacteria, and a delay start function for programming wash cycles.
Featuring a standard silverware basket, an adjustable rack system, and a durable stainless steel construction, Bosch SHP53TL5UC 300 is a high-performance 24-inch dishwasher with a load size sensor that comes in handy when washing in bulk. It is durable, Energy Star-rated, and has an easy to install fully integrated design that works well in all kitchen types. It also has a novel AQUASTOP leak-protection feature that keeps your floors and kitchen in general dry, a self-lathing door that boosts its thermal efficiency, and a sleek and compact design that does not consume a lot of kitchen space as most standard dishwashers do.
As most Bosch products reviewed here in, Bosch SHE65T55UC 500 is a high-performance and fully integrated dishwasher with a space-efficient 24-inch design. It is stainless steel, Energy Star rated, and has a large and rust-resistant interior that accommodates/ washes several types of utensils at the same time. You also get 24/7 AquaStop leak protection, a responsive load sensor that automates water temperature for efficient cleaning, and a well-designed sanitize option that not only enhances drying, but also eliminates bacteria. Other notable attributes are its large and fast dissolving detergent tray and its super quiet system.
Favored in top 10 best dishwashers reviews, Avanti DWE1802SS is a built-in stainless steel dishwasher with eight standard place settings. Its stainless steel interior resists corrosion and rust. Its nylon-coated lower and upper racks have non-marring properties, while its advanced three-stage filtration system guarantees quality. They also have built-in handles that ease usage and have adjustable systems for cleaning large pots and utensils. You also get a large one-piece silverware basket, four automated cleaning cycles, a power indicator light, electronic control, a bright power indicator light, and an ADA compliant construction.
Designed for use in space-confined kitchens, Danby DDW611WLED is a compact countertop dishwasher with a striking white theme that complements contemporary décor in kitchens. It is Energy Star-rated, durable, and has a 6-place setting capacity that benefits people with small to medium-size families. It is also Energy Star-rated, has an ergonomic quick connect system that consumes only 3.17 gallons during a normal wash cycles, and has a convenient automated rinse agent and detergent dispenser that eliminates the need measuring cups. Danby DDW611WLED has electronic controls and a durable stainless steel interior.
Amana ADB1100AWB is a black full-console dishwasher with a compact 24-inch design. It is Energy Star rated, has a tall-tub interior, and a quiet 63-decibel motor that does not irritate users whilst cleaning. It has two racks. It also has three wash cycles, a powerful water filtration system with a removable filter, and well-designed push-button controls.
Compact, portable, and with an aesthetic white theme, this countertop dishwasher by SPT is our pick of the best. Its economic energy star rated design minimizes water and electricity consumption. Its space-saving countertop design benefits people with small kitchens, while the durable steel interior and 6 wash cycles it offers makes it an ideal everyday dishwasher.


Vehicle manufacturers have invested billions of dollars over recent years to develop the cleanest cars, vans and trucks in history. Among other advances, more sophisticated valve trains, turbocharging, transmissions with more gears, and optimized controls have driven emissions from new vehicles to an all-time low. However, many incremental technologies remain sitting on automotive engineering shelves, ready to be deployed.
One example cited by Reiner Jörg, head engineer of machine tool builder Weisser's R&D department in southern Germany, is polygon couplings or polygon shaft-hub connections that could replace splines and shrink-fit connections.
Nevertheless, he says car manufacturers have yet to adopt polygon couplings for their transmissions. One reason is that the parts are difficult to machine. However, Weisser's out-of-round turning technology could change that by enabling manufacturers to turn finished polygonal shapes in one setup on one machine. Such capability can make out-of-round turning a more efficient alternative to the profile milling and grinding processes typically used to produce traditional automotive shaft-hub connections.
Since its introduction in 1993, out-of-round turning has been used for hard and soft machining of reciprocating pistons for combustion engines made of aluminum and steel, hardened camshafts, polygonal profiles or shapes, and automotive fuel pumps. Now, Weisser is working on several projects with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to demonstrate how wider adoption of this process could make it feasible to replace traditional shaft-hub connections with polygon couplings.
Weisser's Hyperspeed Oval Turning (HOT) out-of-round machining system is a separate unit that integrates with the company's Vertor vertical turning machine. Oval or out-of-round shapes are produced by the interaction of the workpiece spindle axis with the diameter-generating feed axis of the tool.
The tool cutting edge moves in the same direction of the X-axis and perpendicular to the workpiece spindle axis. The cutting edge can be positioned variably in this notional plane to produce radial and frontal contours or hemispherical out-of-roundness.
Weisser uses linear drives rather than ballscrews to accelerate the oval turning units.
The power of the highly dynamic drive is partly required for the acceleration of the mass and partly required as the force acting on the tool cutting edge during machining. The cutting tool can be accelerated in a radial oscillating movement by as much as 130 Gs. This level of acceleration is so extreme, even for the latest Siemens and Bosch Rexroth CNCs, that most applications involve accelerations of only 30 to 90 Gs (which equates to six to seven times the acceleration of an aircraft's ejection seat).
"For a given out-of-roundness, the maximum allowable rpm of the workpiece is related to the maximum acceleration of the tool bit, as produced by the oscillating drive. A nominal acceleration of 30 Gs facilitates the highest accuracy and the generation of a first-class surface finish," Mr. Jörg says.
One of Weisser's customers manufactures polygonal cams in less than a minute in one setup and four turning passes, including face machining and chamfering operations. At 1,500 rpm, the out-of-round turning unit generates a feed rate of 0.1 mm per rotation and a cutting depth of 0.8 to 2 mm. The parts are finished with an accuracy of 10 microns.
Another customer that has gone a step further than many international competitors has already integrated a polygon coupling into a newly developed gearbox, using Weisser's HOT technology. "The customer replaced the spline shaft with a polygon shaft in the seventh gear, which reduced the shaft length from 20 to 12 mm since the polygon has a greater capacity for torque than any other shaft attachment, so a shorter shaft connection can be used and valuable space saved," Mr. Jörg explains. All in all, 6 mm of space savings helped optimize the transmission ratio of the first gear, which encountered fatigue problems with the original design.
Weisser's Hyperspeed Oval Turning (HOT) "out-of-round" machining unit enables hard and soft machining of reciprocating pistons for combustion engines made of aluminum and steel, hardened camshafts, polygonal profiles or shapes, and automotive fuel pumps, among other applications.
Polygon shafts are designed to eliminate common failure problems associated with splines and keyed shaft attachments. The polygon has a greater capacity for torque than any other shaft attachment. The force transmission and load ratings are optimized and a shorter shaft connection can often be used to save space.
Weisser demonstrated HOT out-of-round turning technology at AMB 2018, Germany's metalworking show.
Reiner Jörg, head engineer of machine tool builder Weisser's R&D department in southern Germany, explains how customers in the automotive industry can benefit from Weisser's dynamic out-of-round turning.
The movement of the tool's cutting edge is in the direction of the X axis and, therefore, perpendicular to the workpiece spindle axis. The cutting edge can be positioned variably in this notional plane so that radial and frontal contours or hemispherical out-of-roundness can be produced.
The HOT system is integrated in the Weisser vertical turning machine Vertor C in a separate unit. The interaction of the workpiece spindle axis with the diameter-generating feed axis of the tool produces oval or out-of-round shapes.


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Five lots of seed each lot divided into five samples with three readings made on each sample. Color measurements in terms of hue/brilliance/chroma.
Each average represents seventy-five samples put up by eye to match a standard sample of cotton. The color measurements are in terms of hue/brilliance/chroma.


Given the particular strengths, weaknesses, and peculiarities of family firms as well as the importance of liquidity in today's marketplace, we analyze the distinct characteristics and strategies of family businesses related to the amount of cash a firm holds. We look beyond the traditional factors that influence decisions related to cash management to examine factors that are particularly important for family firms. Specifically, we outline the relevance of strategic decisions guided by family firms' conservatism, flexibility, long-term view, and the active control that they have over family members. To our knowledge, no prior studies exist regarding family firms and their strategic adjustment of cash holding. Therefore, we investigate whether the ownership structure of the firm (through the presence of a controlling family) moderates decisions on cash holding. We found that family firms tend to accumulate cash for strategic reasons and as a result of their own idiosyncrasies. Thus, family firms can achieve optimal cash accumulation more efficiently than non-family firms.
Dadas as forças, fraquezas e peculiaridades das empresas familiares, bem como a importância da liquidez no Mercado atual, foram analisadas as diferentes características e estratégias de negócios familiares com relação à quantidade de caixa que uma empresa mantém. Neste artigo, olha-se além dos fatores tradicionais que influenciam decisões relacionadas ao gerenciamento de caixa, a fim de examinar os fatores particularmente importantes para empresas familiares. Especificamente, foi delineada a relevância de decisões estratégicas guiadas pelo conservadorismo, flexibilidade e visão de longo prazo das empresas familiares, bem como do controle que exercem sobre os membros da família. Até onde sabemos, não existem estudos prévios com relação a empresas familiares e seus ajustes estratégicos de montante em caixa. Portanto, investigou-se a estrutura de propriedade da firma (através da presença de uma família controladora) possui efeito moderador sobre as decisões relativas ao montante em caixa. Conclui-se que empresas familiares tendem a acumular caixa por razões estratégicas, e também como resultado de suas próprias idiossincrasias. Assim, empresas familiares podem atingir acúmulo ótimo de caixa mais eficientemente do que empresas não familiares.
Dadas las particulares fuerzas, flaquezas, y peculiaridades de las empresas familiares así como la importancia de la liquidez en el mercado hoy en día, analisamos las características y estrategias distintas de negocios familiares en relación a la cantidad de efectivo que una empresa mantiene. Miramos más allá de los factores tradicionales que influencian las decisiones relacionadas a la gestión financiera para examinar factores que son particularmente importantes para las empresas familiares. Más especificamente, esbozamos la relevancia de decisiones estratégicas guiadas por el conservadurismo, la flexibilidad, visión a largo plazo de la empresa familiar, y el control activo que eso ejerce sobre los miembros de la familia. De acuerdo con nuestros conocimientos no existen estudios anteriores relacionados a empresas familiares y su ajuste de retención de efectivo. Por lo tanto, investigamos si la estructura de propiedad de la empresa (a través de la presencia de una familia dirigente) modera decisiones relativas a retención de efectivo. Descubrimos que empresas familiares tienden a acumular efectivo por razones estratégicas y como resultado de sus propias idiosincrasias. De este modo, empresas familiares pueden alcanzar óptimas acumulaciones de efectivo más eficientemente que empresas no familiares.
WHY STUDY THE CASH DECISIONS OF FAMILY FIRMS?
After a period of easy access to capital, the economic crisis caused firms to rethink their cash-holding strategy, with firms becoming more committed to holding a suitable amount of cash. Following the credit crunch associated with the economic crisis, firms, if possible, accumulate cash to prepare for unforeseen circumstances. Brush (2008) argues that one of the three main strategies that successful entrepreneurs must employ to start and grow a business is managing cash for bootstrapping, that is, conserving financial resources and using cash resourcefully. This topic has only recently attracted interest in the literature. Although corporate liquidity is an important strategic decision, research into the consequences of accumulating cash has been to a greater or lesser extent absent from the traditional literature. Cash management is a strategic decision that encompasses the whole spectrum of business activities, from long-run strategic planning to day-today operations (Chastain, 1986). In fact, cash decisions impinge on firms' investment decisions and are affected by the existence of market imperfections such as information asymmetry, financial distress, and agency conflicts.
Although cash management is clearly important to organizations of any size and nature, these strategic decisions are even more significant when the organization is family run. Family control is a particularly interesting type of ownership structure, and much has been written about it theoretically and empirically in an attempt to identify the characteristics of family firms (Kidwell, Eddleston, Cater, & Kellermanns, 2013). Family owners are the predominant type of controlling shareholders in many developing countries and in some of the world's most developed economies. In fact, family control is found in many geographical regions and within different legal and financial systems, including the United States, Western Europe, and East Asia (see, e.g., Anderson & Reeb, 2003; Franks & Mayer, 2001; Gadhoum, Lang, & Young, 2005; Lee, 2006).
To our knowledge, no previous studies exist about family firms and their liquidity decisions. Therefore, we analyse the way in which family behaviour motivates the strategic adjustment of cash holding. That is, we analyse whether the ownership structure of a family firm moderates the determinants of its cash holding. More precisely, we attempt to disentangle whether the presence of a controlling family in the company mitigates or exacerbates the accumulation of cash.
Given this objective, we first define a family business because no consensus exists in the literature on the criteria to classify companies as family or non-family firms. Although prior research focuses on various criteria (e.g., ownership, management and ownership, involvement of the family, etc.), the most important literature refers to publicly traded family-controlled firms. La Porta, Lopez-de-Silanes, and Shleifer (1999) argue that families that hold the majority of shares of a company also tend to participate in management. Public firms (family and non-family controlled) are usually large with a prior trajectory and good possibilities of resorting to capital markets for funding. This profile of family-controlled firms comprises listed firms in which the majority of the ownership is a family, although it also includes non-family shareholders and minority shareholders. Given this discussion, we do not take into account either very young family firms or firms with 100% family ownership (closely held firms).
The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 briefly describes the main factors that affect cash accumulation. Section 3 posits the way in which family firms undertake this decision. Finally, Section 4 offers our conclusions on the tendency of family firms to accumulate cash.
FAMILY FIRMS AND CASH ACCUMULATION: WHY DO FAMILY FIRMS ACCUMULATE CASH DIFFERENTLY?
All companies, regardless of their ownership structure, maintain a specific level of cash in their assets. Firms primarily accumulate cash to meet daily operating needs. Holding cash is thus based on a precautionary motive: Firms must have the appropriate amount of resources to invest in profitable projects and to ensure the ongoing operations of the firm.
Several other factors also affect cash accumulation, such as substitute liquid assets, cash flow volatility, leverage, investment opportunities, and size. Thus, accumulated cash first depends (using cash flow generated and size as the usual control variables) on the firm's decision to hold liquid assets - instead of, or in addition to, cash - or to have available credit lines (Hardin, Highfield, Hill, & Kelly, 2009). Cash flow volatility is also a relevant factor because it can cause firms to maintain higher cash levels to take advantage of the profits from new investment opportunities (Kim, Mauer, & Sherman, 1998). Finally, debt level can affect cash levels; however, the literature is mixed on just how these two factors interact.In the context of family firms, other reasons can help to identify family firms' differential behaviour when making strategic decisions relating to liquidity. In fact, important differences exist between family and non-family firms with regard to intangible family assets, such as dedication and family effort. The literature also reflects differences related to profitability, capital structure, management, diversification, and size, although the evidence on differences in strategic management between family and non-family firms is not conclusive. Evidence also suggests that family-controlled firms outperform non-family firms around the world (Ali, Chen, & Radhakrishnan, 2007; Anderson & Reeb, 2003; Barontini & Caprio, 2006; Maury, 2006, among others), although research on this topic is mixed (Barth, Gulbrandsen, & Schønea, 2005; Demsetz & Villalonga, 2001; Miller, Breton-Miller, Lester, & Cannella, 2007; Villalonga & Amit, 2006, among others). Certainly, however, family-controlled firms are different from non-family firms in terms of goals, vision, and culture (Arrègle, Hitt, Sirmon, & Véry, 2007; Chua, Chrisman, & Sharma, 1999; Gomez-Mejia, Nunez-Nickel, & Gutierrez, 2001; Gomez-Mejia, Takács, Nuñez-Nickel, Jacobson, & Moyano-Fuentes, 2007, among others).
The strategies of family firms also appear to be different from their non-family counterparts (Patel, Pieper, & Hair, 2012). A recent strand of literature focuses on the behaviour of individuals and how this behaviour can affect a firm's decisions. For example, prior research argues that family-controlled firms are risk averse (La Porta et al., 1999), mainly because they have an undiversified ownership position (Morck & Yeung, 2003). However, Gomez-Mejia et al. (2007) state that family-controlled firms are not risk averse but rather loss averse. These authors introduce the concept of socio-emotional wealth, which refers to a firm's non-financial aspects that meet the family's affective needs, such as identity, the ability to exercise family influence, and the perpetuation of the family dynasty. The family is concerned with this socio-emotional wealth, and therefore they act to avoid losing it.
We analyse the differences between how family and non-family firms make use of cash. Family firms are more likely to target cash accumulation not only because of the benefits associated with cash accumulation but also for other reasons directly related to the nature of the family firm, including its ownership structure.
Logically, family firms should tend to hoard higher levels of cash, but some additional reasons may help to explain this decision. To begin, almost by definition, family firms are highly conservative: their decisions are focused on increasing control and keeping the firm in operation as many years as possible and for as many generations of the family as possible, (Burkart, Panunzi, & Shleifer, 2003; Gomez-Mejia et al., 2007; Morck & Yeung, 2003). Miller, Le Breton-Miller, and Lester (2011) found that firms in which the family is the largest shareholder are more prone than other firms to pursue conservative strategies. Cash is the most conservative means of payment, and it therefore takes on special relevance in regard to the firm's strategic decisions. Family-controlled firms have longer investment horizons (Miller et al., 2011; Pindado, Requejo, & Torre, 2011), and therefore the family will likely act for the benefit of the firm most of the time. One way of maintaining this long-term perspective is by controlling the decision on cash holding so that the firm attains an objective cash ratio. The family tries to maintain a high enough level of available cash to undertake investments when necessary (Dittmar & Duchin, 2012).
Family firms' flexibility in the decision-making process is an important factor that can influence a firm's ability to adjust its cash holding, especially because these firms have certain advantages related to being family owned, such as the dedication of the family, commitment to the company, and interaction between ownership and management. Family firms can easily adapt to changes in the environment by adjusting strategies to specific situations that may arise. Decisions on cash holding constitute a strategic decision for family firms because cash availability provides flexibility. In this way, family firms obtain a competitive advantage, having the ability to invest in resources that create added value to the organization. Flexibility allows them to compete with other firms in an uncertain environment, continually anticipate the environment, and have a great capacity for reacting in time. In addition, maintaining greater financial flexibility allows a firm to make important decisions, such as undertaking projects without having to resort to capital markets and reducing the costs of the information asymmetry between investors and managers.
Because the families act simultaneously as shareholder and manager, family firms can better predict possible future shocks to the cash flow (Ali et al., 2007) and therefore can also better predict the optimal level of cash holding. Furthermore, family-controlled firms see cash holdings as a way to accumulate wealth and to avoid possible tax costs of taking the money out of the firm (Dittmar, Mahrt-Smith, & Servaes, 2003).
Accumulating cash has high potential costs because the firm may lose investment opportunities. However, if external financing is costly, firms have the incentive to hoard cash holdings to avoid the possible adverse consequences associated with sales shocks or investment opportunities (Denis, 2011). In addition, when we consider family-controlled firms, financial constraint is not only due to external factors but may also depend on the strategic behaviour of families. Family-controlled firms are reluctant to obtain outside financing at the same pace as non-family firms (Barontini & Caprio, 2006; Faccio & Lang, 2002). In his study of external funding, Andres (2009) argues that family firms think of debt as a potential hazard due to the increase in the probability of default. He suggests that family firms may avoid new share offerings because this action involves a reduction in the family control over the company. Consequently, cash holdings can serve as a hedge mechanism that family firms use to avoid any possible bankruptcy risk and to ensure that most valuable investments are undertaken.
According to the free cash flow theory (Jensen, 1986), the availability of funds at the disposal of the manager can lead to investments in non-profitable projects, acquisitions of industries familiar to the manager, and spending on perquisites that favour the manager and not the firm (i.e., overinvestment or expropriation). Liquidity thus has high potential costs because it facilitates conflict by inducing organizational inefficiencies that destroy shareholder wealth (Harford, 1999). However, when considering this shareholder-manager conflict, family-controlled firms lack the typical agency problem between shareholders (principal) and managers (agent). As previously discussed, the family as the major shareholder is also present in management, which aligns the objectives of both to the benefit of the family (Ali et al., 2007; Villalonga & Amit, 2006). Following this reasoning, in principle, we assume that cash holding in these firms do not lead to high agency costs.
Nevertheless, family-controlled firms are not without agency issues. Given their ownership structure, the family is likely to use different mechanisms to increase its control over the firm (Barontini & Caprio, 2006; Faccio & Lang, 2002; Faccio, Lang, & Young, 2001; Maury, 2006, among others). Sometimes these mechanisms enhance control rights over cash flow rights, and non-family shareholders may worry about possible expropriation from the controlling family owners (La Porta et al., 1999). In this scenario, the family may be tempted to extract private benefits from minority shareholders. Therefore, due to the problem of possible expropriation, all else being equal, family firms will likely hoard higher levels of cash to pursue family benefits to the detriment of minority shareholder value (e.g., minimizing the dividend policy in favour of accumulating cash).
The discussion thus far suggests that the family effect on the cash holding policy depends on whether the effect of owner-manager alignment on the one hand outweighs the effect of the potential agency problem between majority and minority shareholders on the other hand. If so, family-controlled firms will hold more cash than non-family firms. Thus, family-controlled firms are reluctant to obtain outside financing at the same pace as non-family firms (Barontini & Caprio, 2006; Blanco-Mazagatos, Quevedo-Puente, & Castrillo, 2007; Faccio & Lang, 2002; Gomez-Mejia et al., 2007, among others), and they will avoid monitoring mainly to maintain control.
Finally, the implications for cash holdings will likely depend on the legal and institutional framework to which the firms belong. Several cross-country studies analyse the institutional framework and its influence on cash holdings, focusing on large firms listed on the financial markets (Dittmar et al., 2003; Ferreira & Vilela, 2004; Guney, Ozkan, & Ozkan, 2003; Kalcheva & Lins, 2007; Ozkan & Ozkan, 2004; Pinkowitz, Stulz, & Williamson, 2003, 2006). Kusnadi and Wei (2011) find evidence that the legal protection of investors represents a first-order effect in influencing international firms' cash policy. The literature in general agrees that the lower the protection, the larger the cash holding. Common law countries offer greater shareholder protection, which encourages market development (Djankov, La Porta, Lopez-de-Silanes, & Shleifer, 2008). In addition, firms in common law countries have easier access to external capital markets, and, consequently, are expected to be less aggressive in their cash holdings (Faulkender & Wang, 2006; Kusnadi & Wei, 2011). In contrast, companies in countries with low shareholder protection hold on to more of their cash. In the continental model, where the investors are less protected, more cash is likely accumulated due to the need for flexibility, and the system is more inefficient because the investor is not sufficiently protected. Along this line, Drobetz and Grüninger (2007) argue that median-sized Swiss firms hold nearly twice the cash and equivalents of median-sized US or UK firms.
Thus, the level of investor protection of a country plays a moderating role between the relation of family control and the firm's cash holding. In countries with strong investor protection, the cash accumulation of family firms is less affected by the institutional effect, and in countries with weak legal protection, cash holding in family firms can be particularly beneficial.
In sum, Figure 1 shows that cash holding in family firms is determined by the institutional framework and, apart from the traditional variables, strategic reasons and motives that are idiosyncratic to the unique characteristics of family firms, including conservative strategies, flexibility, financial constraints, and the trade-off between agency costs.
A firm's ownership structure is vitally important to firms when determining their strategy related to cash holdings. Considering the unique characteristics of family firms, in principle we assume that a difference exists in the way that family and non-family firms approach cash holding. This issue is of particular interest because (a) prior research does not address the role of families in corporate cash holding decisions and (b) controversy remains concerning the advantages and disadvantages attributable to family control relative to other types of organizational forms.
In addition to identifying the main variables that affect the cash decision in firms, we show that family firms possess certain characteristics that affect their strategic decision-making. This issue, which is of particular interest due to its relevancy in the recent economy, especially in the family firm context, allows to highlight the advantages and disadvantages attributable to family control relative to other types of organizational forms.
The task of choosing the optimal level of cash holdings differs depending on firms' needs, structure, strategy, and future prospects. Family-controlled firms must balance the benefits and costs of cash holdings while considering what effect these family firm-specific characteristics and preferences will have on the family.
Family firms' conservativism, flexibility, long-term perspective, and active family control are factors that contribute to make cash holding decisions particularly important. Thus, for instance, when the decision arises whether to hold onto cash for precautionary reasons or to employ it in new investments of uncertain reliability, family firms will likely choose a conservative strategy and retain the cash.
In addition, the effect of the family depends on the tradeoff between the agency problem between majority and minority shareholders on the one hand and the alignment of incentives between shareholders and managers on the other. In addition, family firms resist external funding due to high transaction costs and increased monitoring, which managers and family-controlled firms wish to avoid to retain more control.
We analyse whether this kind of behaviour motivates a strategic adjustment in family firms' cash holding. We affirm that cash holding decisions are moderated by the ownership structure of the firm and that the presence of a controlling family in the company exacerbates the accumulation of cash due to the special characteristics associated with family firms. However, no extreme is good. That is, firms should avoid excess cash accumulation not only for the previously discussed reasons (e.g., the high opportunity cost of cash if it lies idle) but also because some of the unique characteristics of family firms that are in principle beneficial to firm value can become problematic if the level of cash is too high. In this case, firms may be prone to bad decision-making if they have too much cash on hand.
We also point out some limitations and precautions that family firms should take into account when making decisions related to cash accumulation. First, family firms should not abuse their strengths; rather, they should be cautious in their decision-making and avoid becoming overconfident and overly conservative. For example, an excess of conservativism can lead them to resort too infrequently and inadequately to the markets. This attitude can weaken firms in the long run and may lead them to accumulate cash reserves that can postpone growth. Second, although family-controlled firms can reduce or even eliminate the agency problem between owners and managers, they are also able to extract private benefits from minority shareholders.
We show that, beyond the traditional factors, family firms tend to accumulate cash for strategic reasons based on their unique characteristics as family-owned firms, including conservative strategies, flexibility, financial constraints, and the trade-off between agency costs. The institutional framework also affects family firms' cash holding decision-making. Given this outline, we hope that this theoretical perspective provides justification for further study in this matter and that it contributes to the empirical development of the literature on family firms and cash holding.


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Malik Newton had a banner freshman year, winning a Buffalo Wild Wings Player of the Week award and literally running over defenders that are years older than him. He's also a baseball player and it's possible that he'll seek success there. Great size, great agility, lots of upside.


2018 has been an incredible year so far, and next year promises to be just as exciting! During the gift-giving season, what could be more unique and rewarding than to share the gift of art?
Murray completed a Diploma in Visual Arts at Camosun College in 2016, and a Bachelor of Fine Arts at the University of Regina in 2017. In 2018 she attended the Plug In ICA: Bush Gallery Summer Institute in Winnipeg. In the summer of2017 she studied traditional tattoo practices with the Earth Line Tattoo Collective and continues to work with hand poke and skin stitching methods. Her BFA graduating work, k Pair of Socks was selected as the Saskatchewan winner of the 2017 BMO 1st Art! Prize, and in 2018 she was the recipient of the William and Meredith Saunderson Prize through the Hnatyshyn Foundation.
Murray's work was featured in Li Salay, a major survey of Métis art at the Art Gallery of Alberta in Edmonton (2018) curated by Amy Malbeuf and Jessie Ray Short. Her work has been shown in solo and group exhibitions at Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, Open Space and thefifty fifty arts collective, Victoria; Gam Gallery, Vancouver; the Mackenzie Art Gallery, Regina; the Clay and Glass Gallery, Waterloo; Hamilton Artist Inc; and the Justina M. Barnicke Gallery, Toronto.
Jason Baerg is a Cree Métis curator, educator, and visual artist. Recent curatorial projects include exhibitions with Toronto's Nuit Blanche and the University of Toronto. Baerg graduated from Concordia University with a Bachelors of Fine Arts and a Masters of Fine Arts from Rutgers University. He currently is teaching as the Assistant Professor in Indigenous Practices in Contemporary Painting and Media Art at OCAD University. Dedicated to community development, he founded and incorporated the Metis Artist Collective and has served as volunteer Chair for such organizations as the Aboriginal Curatorial Collective and the National Indigenous Media Arts Coalition. Creatively, as a visual artist, he pushes new boundaries in digital interventions in drawing, painting and new media installation. Recent international solo exhibitions include the Illuminato Festival in Toronto, Canada, the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology in Australia and the Digital Dome at the Institute of the American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Jason Baerg has adjudicated numerous art juries and won awards through such facilitators as the Canada Council for the Arts, the Ontario Arts Council and The Toronto Arts Council.
Come view the show before it closes!
The gallery will be closed from December 23rd, 2018 – January 2nd, 2019 for the holidays.
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text:
Die Liste der Alpenpässe zeigt eine Auswahl von Gebirgspässen in den Alpen, die mindestens eine Höhe von  Höhe über dem Meeresspiegel erreichen und für den Straßen- und/oder Schienenverkehr genutzt werden.

Liste der Pässe

Siehe auch
 Alpenüberquerung
 Liste von Alpenstraßen
 Liste der Pässe in Österreich
 Liste der Alpenpässe in Italien
 Liste der Pässe in der Schweiz
 Liste der Gebirgspässe in Frankreich
 Alpenpässe im Wallis zu römischer Zeit

Literatur

Weblinks

 Befahrbarkeit, Wintersperren und Straßenzustand auf mehr als 300 Alpenpässen und Alpenstraßen auf www.alpentourer.eu
 Umfangreiche Liste der befahrbaren Alpenpässe auf alpenrouten.de
 Infos, Fotos, Listen, Karten und GPS-Dateien der Alpenpässe auf Pässe.Info
 Karte Pässe und Höhenstrassen im erweiterten Alpenraum auf Google Maps

!Alpenpasse
Alpenpasse
!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


After a particularly chilly end to our winter season, spring has finally sprung and it did so in a big way; with summerlike temperatures along the northern coasts of Baja California that provided hopeful encouragement to the throngs of anglers eager to hook up around the Baja peninsula during the warmer months to come.
Sportfishing boats out of San Diego visiting Islas Coronados in Mexican waters have been treated to some solid yellowtail fishing, with a few of the trips focusing upon deep water species taking good numbers of ocean whitefish and occasional red rockcod.
Less than 100 miles down the coast, Sergio's Sportfishing in Ensenada reports increasing catches of yellowtail, bonito and barracuda near the surface as well as continuing action on the salmon grouper, rockfish and johnny bass closer to the bottom. At the southern end of Bahía de Todos Santos, Vonny's Fleet pangas have been scoring well on red rockcod, salmon grouper and sand bass with an occasional quality grade yellowtail in the mix.
But, while the yellowtail and bottom fishing remains good between the International Border and Bahía San Quintín, perhaps the most inspiring sign for a productive offshore season ahead has been the appearance of bluefin tuna in the 15 to 30-pound class that were swimming within 50 miles of the coast as early as mid-March. While this may still be too far for the local pangas to travel, it is a sign that certainly bodes well for Baja's upcoming 2019 summer fishing season.
Further south, off of Baja's central Pacific, Cedros Outdoor Adventures is gearing up for their seasonal opening in early May, which will feature banner inshore fishing for trophy sized calico bass and yellowtail; not to mention the chance of hooking up with a big white seabass or huge Baja grouper.
Down in Baja Sur near Bahía Magdalena, a few private boaters have reported scattered catches of wahoo and a few tailing striped marlin, but things have yet to develop into a notable bite. The fishing inside the estero contuse to improve seasonally, with more spring halibut starting to show along with the usual cabrilla and corvina.
The coming of April ushered in another great week for Pisces Sportfishing in Cabo San Lucas, which was boosted even higher with a surprise appearance of billfish that unexpectedly showed up in great numbers at Golden Gate. Most of their boats averaged up to 6 striped marlin; all of which were promptly released. The yellowfin tuna numbers have also held steady, with the best performing boats catching up to 25 tuna apiece. Inshore action also continues to be good, with the majority of catches comprised of red snapper, yellowtail, amberjack, ladyfish, fat grouper and a few mako sharks to spice things up.
Nonetheless, a few of the Pisces cruisers had their trips turn out particularly well to round out the month. The Tracy Ann took the top spot with 6 striped marlin weighing between 100 and 130 being hooked and released on March 29th. A few days prior, the Rebecca released 5 striped marlin tipping the scales between 120 and 140 pounds each that hit on live mackerel at Golden Gate.
Just around the bend in San Jose del Cabo, Erik Bricston at Gordo Banks Pangas reports, "Ocean conditions have been relatively calm, with moderate swells and the wind has not been much of an issue, although currents remain swift. We are still in a transition period, with ocean conditions slowly rebounding, now up to 72 degrees and much cleaner, blue water returning and more signs of flying fish, which is a good sign that spring fishing action will be very good.
Bricston concluded by saying, "The best chance of catching fish right now has been to focus your attention over rocky structure; with the most productive areas being from the Gordo Banks to the San Luis Bank. Most of our anglers have connected with a variety of species while using various whole and cut baits, as well as yo-yo style and flat fall jigs. Recently, we also saw some quality sized yellowtail in the 25 to 35-pound class, most of which were hooked using live bait off of the Gordo Banks.
A few broomtail group, amberjack, leopard grouper and various pargo species have been caught closer to shore over the rocky areas. There were more triggerfish than anything else, a few nice island jacks found as well with only one odd sierra being reported, along with a handful of jack crevalle and smaller sized roosterfish." Up the Cortez coast a bit on Baja Sur's famed East Cape, John Ireland at Rancho Leonero indicated that warmer currents have helped the fishing in Bahía Palmas, and they are now finding a few wahoo mixed in with an increasing number of yellowfin tuna. Smaller dorado up to 10 -pounds have also began showing up right off the hotel, and are taking live mackerel. He also said that anglers fishing the bottom have been scoring on medium-sized pargo, cabrilla and amberjack.
Further north, in the picturesque city of La Paz, Tailhunter International's Jonathan Roldan commented, "What a difference a week or two makes! We've gone from some of the harshest and toughest winter fishing in a long time several weeks ago to some of the nicest conditions and fishing so far this season. Things are still not completely up-to-speed and I'd be crazy to say we're completely done with winter and the pesky winds, but this past week was sure a nice time to be on the water.
With the first true week of springtime and temperatures in the high 80's to low 90's, the winds weren't completely done with us and there were some episodes for several days, but overall, Mother Nature was good to our fishermen.
We have been blessed with some perfect candy-sized live mackerel bait for both our Tailhunter La Paz and Las Arenas fleets, and that really turned on the yellowtail. They popped up in several places, including the upper east-side of Cerralvo Island, south point of Cerralvo and Punta Perrico. We also had quite a bite going around the high spots around Espíritu Santo Island.
Loreto and Mulegé have also been kicking out plenty of quality yellowtail around the local islands, as well as the chance to hook up with big cabrilla and trophy-sized grouper.
In the upper Cortez north of Bahía de Los Ángeles, Capt. Juan Cook from Bahía San Quintín took a private charter across the narrow peninsula to fish the remote waters of Bahía Gonzaga around Islas Encantadas. The group fished with a variety of jigs and bait, ending up with limits of fat cabrilla, chunky leopard grouper and also landed a huge Baja grouper weighing over 80 pounds.
The winter rains in Baja have now covered the otherwise arid terrain with a colorful array of wildflowers and stunning cactus blooms that are a treat to the eye, and offer a natural enhancement to anglers as they drive down the highway on the way to their favorite fishing grounds. You should plan your trip soon, however, because those blossoms will start to fade as soon as the hot summer sun begins to prevail.


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Planned Parenthood VP Refuses to Say Whether Abortion Takes a Life
Veronica Neffinger | Wednesday, March 15, 2017
#Planned Parenthood
In a recent interview with Fox News, Planned Parenthood's executive vice president Dawn Laguens refused to answer the question of what exactly is aborted during an abortion procedure.
Fox News host Tucker Carlson spoke with Laguens about the implications the new healthcare bill presents for Planned Parenthood and access to abortion.
Laguens stressed her belief that Planned Parenthood provides necessary services for women and that the decision to abort is an individual decision that every woman has the right to make.
Carlson pressed Laguens on what she believes is actually aborted in an abortion.
"The majority of [Planned Parenthood's abortions] are after five-and-a-half weeks, that's the point at which the fetal heartbeat can be detected," Carlson said. "I'm just wondering, as someone who works there, what do you think of that? What is being aborted? If you can hear the heartbeat, what is that thing that's being aborted?"
"Well, abortion is a right in this country," responded Laguens. "Women have their own views on whether or not they want to be pregnant," she said. "That is not a viable fetus at five-and-a-half weeks, anyone knows that. And what you would do is make your own choice."
But Carlson continued to press the subject: "[I]f you can hear the heartbeat of this thing, this fetus, what is it?" he asked again. "Is it just a piece of tissue or is it a separate human being?"
Again, Laguens sidestepped a direct answer.
"I think that's up to each individual to decide what they believe," she said.
Photo courtesy: Thinkstockphotos.com