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Biological, chemical and other data collected aboard the KILO MOANA during cruise KM0905 in the North Pacific Ocean from 2009-02-07 to 2009-02-12 (NCEI Accession 0089589)
NCEI Accession 0089589 includes biological, chemical and other data collected aboard the KILO MOANA during cruise KM0905 in the North Pacific Ocean from 2009-02-07 to 2009-02-12. These data include Attenuation/Transmission, CONDUCTIVITY, CURRENT SPEED - EAST/WEST COMPONENT (U), CURRENT SPEED - NORTH/SOUTH COMPONENT (V), DEPTH - OBSERVATION, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, FLUORESCENCE, HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, SALINITY, WATER TEMPERATURE, course over ground, irradiance and speed over ground. The instruments used to collect these data include ADCP, CTD, GPS, PAR Sensor, fluorometer, oxygen meter and transmissometer. These data were collected by Brian Taylor of The University of Hawai'i System, and by University of Hawaii; Marine Laboratory as part of Student Cruise. The Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) submitted these data to NCEI as part of the Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) program.
Cite as: Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) Program (2012). Biological, chemical and other data collected aboard the KILO MOANA during cruise KM0905 in the North Pacific Ocean from 2009-02-07 to 2009-02-12 (NCEI Accession 0089589). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0089589. Accessed [date].
R2R Cruise Catalog: KM0905
R2R Cruise Catalog: KM0905 (download)
The University of Hawai'i System (UH)
University of Hawaii; Marine Laboratory
Attenuation/Transmission
EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > ATTENUATION/TRANSMISSION
bat: Beam Attenuation, Chelsea/Seatech [1/m]
depSM: Depth [salt water, m], lat = 0.00
xmiss: Beam Transmission, Chelsea/Seatech [%]
The University of Hawai'i System
KILO MOANA
Kilo Moana (ICES code: 33KB)
transmissometer
TRANSMISSOMETERS
Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary
OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS
Lineage information for: repository
2015-04-22T00:00:00 - NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Benjamin Fitzpatrick
Get Benjamin Fitzpatrick essential facts below. View Videos or join the Benjamin Fitzpatrick discussion. Add Benjamin Fitzpatrick to your PopFlock.com topic list for future reference or share this resource on social media.
Democratic governor of and U.S. Senator from Alabama
President pro tempore of the United States Senate
Jesse D. Bright
Solomon Foot
December 7, 1857 - February 26, 1860
Thomas Jefferson Rusk
United States Senator
William R. King
George E. Spencer (1868)
Dixon Lewis
Jeremiah Clemens
11th Governor of Alabama
November 22, 1841 - December 10, 1845
Arthur P. Bagby
Joshua L. Martin
(1802-06-30)June 30, 1802
Greene County, Georgia, U.S.
November 21, 1869(1869-11-21) (aged 67)
Wetumpka, Alabama, U.S.
Sarah Elmore
Aurelia Blassingame
Benjamin Fitzpatrick (June 30, 1802 - November 21, 1869) was the 11th Governor of the U.S. state of Alabama and a United States Senator from that state. He was a Democrat.
Born in Greene County, Georgia, Fitzpatrick was orphaned at the age of seven, and was taken by his sister (Celia Fitzpatrick Baldwin) to Alabama in 1815.
Fitzpatrick helped his brothers manage land they owned on the Alabama River and served as deputy under the first sheriff of Autauga County. He worked in the law office of Nimrod E. Benson before he was admitted to the bar.[1]
Fitzpatrick studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1821, commencing practice in Montgomery, Alabama. Fitzpatrick served as solicitor of the Montgomery circuit from 1822 to 1823 but moved to his plantation in Autauga County in 1829. He engaged in planting.
Governor of Alabama and Senator for Alabama
Fitzpatrick became Governor of Alabama in 1841 and served until 1845. Later, he was appointed as a Democrat to the US Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Dixon H. Lewis, and served from November 25, 1848 to November 30, 1849, when a successor was elected.
He was again appointed on January 14, 1853 and elected on December 12, 1853[2] to the Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William R. King, who had been elected Vice President of the United States, and served from January 14, 1853 to March 3, 1855. He served in that Congress as Chairman of the Committee on Printing and the Committee on Engrossed Bills. He was elected to the Senate again to fill the vacancy caused by the failure of the legislature to elect his own successor on November 26, 1855. In that role, he served several times as President pro tempore of the Senate.
Failure of state banks
The country was plagued by economic depression as a result of the Panic of 1837. Fitzpatrick's predecessor as Governor, Arthur P. Bagby, introduced measures to assist the state banks, but the state legislature rejected most of the measures. All of the state banks were closed by Fitzpatrick.[3]
Vice Presidential nomination
In 1860, Fitzpatrick was nominated for Vice President of the United States by the wing of the Democratic Party that had nominated Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois for president. However, he refused the nomination, and Herschel V. Johnson of Georgia was ultimately nominated. Fitzpatrick withdrew from the Senate on January 21, 1861, following the secession of his home state.
Fitzpatrick did not take a particularly active role in the politics of the Confederacy although he served as president of the constitutional convention of Alabama in 1865.
He died on his plantation near Wetumpka, Alabama, on November 21, 1869, aged 67.
^ "Benjamin Fitzpatrick". Alabama Department of Archives and History. Retrieved .
^ Byrd, Robert C.; Wolff, Wendy (October 1, 1993). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992 (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 164. ISBN 9780160632563.
^ "Arthur Pendleton Bagby". Alabama Department of Archives and History. Retrieved .
United States Congress. "Benjamin Fitzpatrick (id: F000174)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
Benjamin Fitzpatrick at Find a Grave
Party political offices
Arthur P. Bagby Democratic nominee for Governor of Alabama
1841, 1843 Succeeded by
Nathaniel Terry
John C. Breckinridge Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States(1)
Withdrew
1860 Succeeded by
Herschel Vespasian Johnson
Political offices
Arthur P. Bagby Governor of Alabama
Thomas Jefferson Rusk President pro tempore of the United States Senate
Jesse D. Bright President pro tempore of the United States Senate
Dixon Lewis U.S. Senator (Class 2) from Alabama
Served alongside: William R. King Succeeded by
William R. King U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Alabama
Served alongside: Clement Clay Vacant
George E. Spencer
1. The Democratic Party split in 1860, producing two vice presidential candidates. Fitzpatrick was nominated by the Northern Democrats; Joseph Lane was nominated by the rebel Southern Democrats.
Benjamin_Fitzpatrick


Hannah Rose Dexter is a 23-year-old bass player and composer with expansive range and interests. Had she never heard the album Funk Power by James Brown, she'd be well along the slippery slope to a career in classical music. Six years after putting that record on the stereo, her style is a combination of all that she loves: funk, ragtime, old time, jazz, pop, world, experimental, new wave, 50s rock'n'roll, country western, and (still) classical.
Since graduating with her Bachelor's from CalArts in 2015, she has scored the feature length film Wild Prairie Rose, performed an original solo bass score to a series of 19th century films at REDCAT, and another to The Glass Menagerie, directed by Deborah Lavine and James Franco. In her spare time, she can be seen biking around Los Angeles and performing with the psychedelic children's band, A Horse A Spoon A Bucket.


Esbit Alcohol Burner & Camp Cookset (CS2350WN). Set made of aluminum.
Esbit Flod-Away Grill 300 (BBQ300S) Grilling is the most original method of cooking food.
Medium 'Scout' Stainless Steel of Kelly Kettle®. A highly efficient camp Kettle which is suitable for all outdoors enthusiasts who need to keep their pack light.
Esbit Aluminum Cookware Set 3 Non Stick (CW2500NS). Lightweight and stable.
Esbit Flod-Away Grill 100 (BBQ100S) Grilling is the most original method of cooking food.


PRODOTTO DALLA GHOST ARMAMENT, FUCILE ELETTRICO MODELLO M4 MOE TACTICAL GHOST FULL METAL.
BATTERIA IN DOTAZIONE TYPE MINI 8,4V 1100mAh (VA RIPOSTA SOTTO LA CANNA), CARICA BATTERIA 220V 300mA.
GUSCIO IN METALLO CON LOGO, CALCIO REGOLABILE IN FIBRA DI NYLON, MANIGLIONE RIMOVIBILE, BOLT CATCH FUNZIONANTE, 1 SLITTA PER IL FISSAGGIO DI ACCESSORI.


I think that generation IV thing is fake. Slash Valkyrie is already confirmed and plus blader ken (someone from tt) said burst got renewed for 2 more seasons.
I'm a random kid that likes Beyblading. A LOT.
(Feb. 07, 2019 3:12 AM)MagikHorse Wrote: This is really the issue in general: Everyone expects random booster beys to be good all around or contain all the parts they want to see, but that's just not the point of this sort of release at all. Random boosters are more for the recolors and the surprise with a little something new to make it worthwhile, not to release rare parts or give us actually useful releases.
It's like a pack of Pokemon cards: there may be some good cards inside with use in a deck or two, but a lot of the stuff you'll get is probably not very worthwhile. That doesn't make them any less exciting though.
By what you said about "the first Death bey", I presume you're talking about what Anime2012Mii said. Put no stock into anything he says right now, because this isn't the first time he's come up with "4th generation" information that makes no sense and has no source. The 4th generation has yet to be confirmed, not to mention any knowledge of what it might contain. Until a point arises where it is confirmed or he gives us an actually valid source to back it up, consider this information fake.
Also, the ' at the end of several part names is called a dash since it's referred to as such in Japanese (Corocoro youtube videos repeatedly say "dashu" referring to this symbol), so according to them it's a dash. Even then an apostrophe is just a vertical dash anyways, so there's not really much of a point to be argued here. Some people call them "prime" parts due to the fact that the "prime" symbol in mathematics is also often shown with an apostrophe as well.
"BL" will be maybe "Blazers"... Wait and see.
Why just regular Xt? Lame.
(Feb. 11, 2019 2:57 PM)AndyHG Wrote: Why just regular Xt? Lame.
Kinda off topic but hey! A new Deathscizer! Wow!
And what source does that come from?
Man, that Driger F looks really good! I hope I get one of these. Now I wonder how they'll release Draciel F. In another Random Booster? I don't know if they'd release Draciel in a wbba exclusive booster as Dragoon S, F and Dranzer S.
Anyway, we finally got a good quality pic from this release! Thank you so much for sharing, Adarsh Abhinav!
It's confirmed that they are different from the rare versions.
If the stickers are the only difference for some of them then I honestly don't believe that cuts it. I think it should be more like the black Sr where they change a bit of the plastic colours (though I will swap those prongs soon and pretend I got lucky). With stickers, they can be optionally applied on so they still look like the real thing if the stickers are the only differences for some.
(Feb. 13, 2019 7:34 PM)Jinbee Wrote: If the stickers are the only difference for some of them then I honestly don't believe that cuts it. I think it should be more like the black Sr where they change a bit of the plastic colours (though I will swap those prongs soon and pretend I got lucky). With stickers, they can be optionally applied on so they still look like the real thing if the stickers are the only differences for some.
Grey Bey looks like you were right, the difference for some was that they had translucent plastic areas. Like the real limited edition Longinus had pearl gold while this one has translucent yellow.
As for the video, Driger F looks cool but I WISH he showed the parts properly, I wanted to see the colours of them. In fact why is this such a trend with these Beytubers? It's annoying and unhelpful.
Driger F also came with some peculiar metal thing. At first I thought it was meant to keep Drigers box weight comparable to other ones but it's designed too specifically and has enough details to serve a real purpose. It's likely for the new system.


What Should I Do After a Wreck?
Car accidents happen every day throughout Atlanta often resulting in catastrophic injuries necessitating expensive medical care. Claims representatives and insurance companies in Georgia know how to handle claims and how to take advantage of injured Atlanta residents who have real need for medical care and financial resources to pay for that care. At the same time, most people don't know what they need to do after an accident. Actions you take immediately after an accident and in the weeks that follow will significantly impact any financial recovery you ultimately receive.
Get the care you need and follow all medical advice. First and foremost, get the care you need. With people literally flying around Georgia highways, accidents can and often do result in life changing injuries. It is vitally important to your health that you seek medical attention immediately and that you follow all medical advice you receive. Don't skip appointments. In addition to just making sense in terms of your health, if you fail to get medical attention quickly, or if you fail to follow all medical advice you receive, insurance companies will try to use that failure to argue that you were not really hurt or that you are trying to exaggerate your injuries. That effort will last throughout the life of your claim, and it will impact how much the insurance company is willing to pay to settle the matter.
Take pictures of your injuries. When you bring a claim for personal injuries, you have to prove the extent of your injuries. As the saying goes, a picture is worth a thousand words. Claims representatives, attorneys, and Georgia jurors understand injuries when they can see them. Written medical records will never be as effective as photographs in showing the extent of your injuries.
Take pictures of the cars. Jurors understand pictures of cars that have been damaged in accidents. They understand that people are really hurt when vehicles are significantly damaged. Unfortunately, defendants and insurance companies also know the effectiveness of pictures and will often repair vehicles that are significantly damaged before pictures are taken.
Do not give a statement to the other driver's insurance. It is normal procedure for insurance companies to have their claims representatives call injured drivers to try to get a statement. The claims representatives are trained to ask questions in a way to get answers that decrease and possibly eliminate the value of the claim. Provided that it is not your insurer under an uninsured motorist policy, you are not required to give a statement to the other driver's insurance and you shouldn't.
Do not sign a release or authorization. As with statements, claims representatives will often tell you that you have to sign an authorization so that they can get your medical records and employment records to evaluate your claim. The authorizations they provide normally give the insurers blanket authorization to obtain information about you that is totally irrelevant to your claim and that may reduce the value of your Atlanta personal injury claim. They may also request that you sign a release in exchange for some nominal payment. Signing that release without understanding what it means could be the end of your claim.
Notify your insurance company of the accident. Many automobile insurance policies in Georgia provide uninsured motorist benefits. In the event that the driver responsible for the accident does not have insurance or sufficient coverage to pay for your injuries, uninsured motorist coverage may provide benefits that protect you and pay for your injuries. However, most insurance policies in Georgia require prompt notification of the accident to the uninsured motorist provider. Failure to provide notice could result in the insurance company denying the claim. To make sure that you are not waiving potential benefits, you should notify your carrier immediately.
Contact an Atlanta personal injury lawyer. While most of the above advice seems simple, when you are hurt, the phone is ringing, and trained people are pushing you to provide information and sign documents, it can be intimidating and hard to handle. In truth, there are also numerous other things that need to be done to maximize the value of your Atlanta personal injury claim. The best way to protect your rights and interests is to hire an experienced lawyer to help you.
If you or someone you know have been involved in an automobile accident, call us. We're happy to answer any questions and to help you determine the best way for you to proceed with your claim.


text:
Yohani gets land next to 1996 World Cup winners
UP: Fake Ayurvedic medicine unit busted, 2 women arrested
BJP seeks probe into Akhilesh Yadav's assets
Light rain likely after Christmas: IMD... December 24, 2021
Amazon workers stage walk-out in US for better treatment... December 24, 2021
Lenovo shuns 'CES 2022' in-person amid Omicron threat... December 24, 2021
India reports 7,495 fresh Covid cases, Omicron tally reaches at 236... December 24, 2021
YSRCP announces 11 candidates for Legislative Council polls
Politics, National, , , November 14, 2021, 02:13 pm Daily World
Amaravati, Nov 12 : Andhra Pradesh's ruling YSR Congress Party (YSRCP) on Friday announced 11 candidates for the upcoming Member of Legislative Council (MLC) elections under Local Authorities' Constituencies (LACs) quota. Veteran leader and former Union Minister of State Ummareddy Venkateswarlu has been renominated by the YSRCP. He was the YSRCP floor leader in the Legislative Council and his term had ended in June this year. Raghu Raju of Vizianagaram, Varudhu Kalyani and Vamshi Krishna Yadav of Visakhapatnam, Anantha Babu of East Godavari, Talasila Raghuram and Mondithoka Arun Kumar of Krishna, Ummareddy Venkateswarulu and Murugudu Hanumantha Rao of Guntur, Thumati Madhava Rao of Prakasam, Barath Krishna of Chittoor and Y Siva Rami Reddy of Anantapur are the candidates announced by the ruling party. Earlier, YSRCP announced Palavalasa Vikrant of Srikakulam, Ishaq Basha of Kurnool and DC Govindar Reddy of YSR Kadapa district as nominees under the MLA quota. Government Advisor (Public Affairs) Sajjala Rama Krishna Reddy told reporters that Chief Minister YS Jagan Mohan Reddy continued his endeavour to widen the social base by allocating six seats to Backward Classes and Minorities and one seat to Schedule Caste Madiga. He pointed out that of 18 members who are currently in legislative council, 11 people belong to BC, SC and minorities and added that once the recently announced candidates win the elections, 18 out of 32 members in Legislative Council would be from BC, SC and Minority classes. He said for the first time in the history of the Legislative Council there will be four members belonging to Minorities. Elections to 11 seats of the Legislative Council from LACs quota are scheduled to be held on December 10. Elections to three seats from Members of Legislative Assembly (MLAs) quota will be held on November 29. /IANS
Modi to lay foundation stone of milk plant in Varanasi
Varanasi, Dec 23 : Prime Minister Narendra Modi will be in Varanasi on Thursday to lay the foundation stone of Banas Dairy Kashi Sankul at Karkhiyaon.
Lucknow, Dec 23 : The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Uttar Pradesh has demanded that the income of Samajwadi Party president Akhilesh Yadav income b
Amit Shah to address series of meetings in UP
Lucknow, Dec 23 : Union Home Minister Amit Shah is embarking on a statewide tour of Uttar Pradesh from Friday to give momentum to the party's election
Politics, National, ,
Light rain likely after Christmas: IMD
New Delhi, Dec 23 : India Meteorological Department (IMD) has predicted light rain in the national capital on December 26, 27 and 28. As per the forecast, the sky would generally be cloudy with […]
Amazon workers stage walk-out in US for better treatment
San Francisco, Dec 23 : Several Amazon workers at two of its facilities in the US staged a pre-Christmas walkout, which is the busiest time of the year, asking for better treatment and higher wages. […]
Lenovo shuns 'CES 2022' in-person amid Omicron threat
San Francisco, Dec 23 : Tech major Lenovo has joined a growing list of companies that have decided not to attend the 'CES 2022' in-person, as the Omicron variant spreads fast across the globe, especia […]
India reports 7,495 fresh Covid cases, Omicron tally reaches at 236
New Delhi, Dec 23 : India registered 7,495 fresh Covid-19 cases and 434 deaths in the last 24 hours, the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) said on Thursday morning. With the ad […]


text:
Louis Teunis Lieve (Dordrecht, 7 augustus 1921 – Blaricum, 16 januari 1998) was een Nederlands politicus van de PvdA.

Hij studeerde aan de hbs in zijn geboorteplaats en begon zijn ambtelijke loopbaan rond 1939 bij de gemeentesecretarie van 's-Gravendeel. Later stapte hij over naar de gemeente Maasdriel en in 1951 ging hij werken bij de gemeente Blaricum waar hij eind 1959 de gemeentesecretaris werd. In juni 1964 werd  L.T. Lieve burgemeester van Westerbork. Tijdens zijn burgemeesterschap heeft hij zich ingezet om van Orvelte een museumdorp te maken. In mei 1981 werd hem om medische redenen eervol ontslag verleend en begin 1998 overleed hij op 76-jarige leeftijd.

Burgemeester van Westerbork
PvdA-politicus (Nederland)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
How Well Do You Know Your Administration? A Quiz
Which head of an independent agency is the daughter of the Tootsie Roll CEO? And other questions.
Staff ,
1. James Gandolfini portrayed the occupant of this administration post in the movie Zero Dark Thirty.
2. This top official at the Commerce Department was the first American woman to walk in space.
3. The Associated Press once called this homeschooled White House official "Goat Boy" because he raised goats as a child.
4. Which department has the highest concentration of Ivy League graduates in its top ranks?
5. For a time this year, these two brothers were both running Cabinet departments.
6. This White House official played power forward for the University of Vermont basketball team.
7. Which head of an independent agency is the daughter of the Tootsie Roll CEO?
8. This State Department official was a senior adviser to Henry Kissinger in the Nixon administration.
9. In his younger days, a top intelligence official worked as a rodeo cowboy and lived in a funeral home. Who is he?
10. Bono was effusive in his praise when President Obama nominated this person for a top post earlier this year.
11. Which financial regulator has climbed both Mount Rainier and Mount Kilimanjaro?
12. The mother of which Obama nominee founded the retail firm Lillian Vernon?
13. A top White House adviser was the recipient of a $500,000 MacArthur Foundation "genius grant." Who is she?
Answers: 1) CIA director; 2) Kathy Sullivan; 3) Grant Colfax; 4) OMB; 5) John Kerry, Cam Kerry; 6) Ed Pagano; 7) Karen Mills; 8) Robert Hormats; 9) Al Tarasiuk; 10) Michael Froman; 11) Gary Gensler; 12) Fred Hochberg; 13) Cecilia Munoz
NEXT STORY: Obama Orders Agencies to Recruit Volunteers


text:
Arduino Uno — це широко використовувана плата мікроконтролерів з відкритим кодом на базі мікроконтролера ATmega328P. У його склад входить все необхідне для зручної роботи з мікроконтролером: 14 цифрових входів/виходів (з них 6 можуть використовуватися в якості ШІМ-виходів), 6 аналогових входів, кварцовий резонатор на 16 МГц, роз'єм USB, роз'єм живлення, роз'єм для програмування всередині схеми (ICSP) і кнопка скидання. Для початку роботи з пристроєм досить просто подати живлення від AC/DC-адаптера або батарейки, або підключити його до комп'ютера за допомогою USB-кабелю.

На відміну від всіх попередніх плат Arduino, Uno в якості перетворювача інтерфейсів USB-UART використовує мікроконтролер ATmega16U2 (ATmega8U2 до версії R2) замість мікросхеми FTDI.

На платі Arduino Uno версії R2 для спрощення процесу оновлення прошивки доданий резистор, що підтягує до землі лінію HWB мікроконтролера 8U2.

Опис

Характеристики

Живлення
Arduino Uno може живитися від USB або від зовнішнього джерела живлення — тип джерела вибирається автоматично.

В якості зовнішнього джерела живлення (НЕ USB) може використовуватися мережевий AC/DC-адаптер або акумулятор/батарея. Штекер адаптера (діаметр — 2.1 мм, центральний контакт — позитивний) необхідно вставити у відповідний роз'єм живлення на платі. У разі живлення від акумулятора/батареї, її дроти необхідно під'єднати до виводів Gnd і Vin роз'єму POWER.

Напруга зовнішнього джерела живлення може бути в межах від 6 до 20 В. Однак, зменшення напруги живлення нижче 7 В призводить до зменшення напруги на виході 5V, що може стати причиною нестабільної роботи пристрою. Використання напруги більше 12 В може призводити до перегріву стабілізатора напруги і виходу плати з ладу. З огляду на це, рекомендується використовувати джерело живлення з напругою в діапазоні від 7 до 12 В.

Нижче перераховані виходи живлення, розташовані на платі:
 VIN. Напруга, що надходить в Arduino безпосередньо від зовнішнього джерела живлення (не пов'язане з 5 В від USB або іншим стабілізованою напругою). Через цей вивід можна як подавати зовнішнє живлення, так і споживати струм, коли пристрій живиться від зовнішнього адаптера.
 5V. На вивід надходить напруга 5 В від стабілізатора напруги на платі, поза незалежності від того, як живиться пристрій: від адаптера (7 — 12 В), від USB (5 В) або через вивід VIN (7 — 12 В). Живити пристрій через вивід 5 V або 3V3 не рекомендується, оскільки в цьому випадку не використовується стабілізатор напруги, що може привести до виходу плати з ладу.
 3V3. 3,3 В, що надходять від стабілізатора напруги на платі. Максимальний струм, споживаний від цього виводу, становить 50 мА.
 GND. Вивід землі.
 IOREF. Цей вивід надає платам розширення інформацію про робочій напрузі мікроконтролера Arduino. Залежно від напруги, ліченого з виведення IOREF, плата розширення може перемкнутися на відповідне джерело живлення або задіяти перетворювачі рівнів, що дозволить їй працювати як з 5 В, так і з 3,3 В-пристроями.

Входи і виходи
З використанням функцій pinMode (), digitalWrite () і digitalRead () кожен з 14 цифрових виводів може працювати в якості входу або виходу. Рівень напруги на виводах обмежений 5 В. Максимальний струм, який може віддавати або споживати один вивід, становить 40 мА. Всі виводи пов'язані з внутрішніми підтягуючими резисторами (за умовчанням відключеними) номіналом 20-50 кОм. Крім цього, деякі виводи Arduino можуть виконувати додаткові функції:
 Послідовний інтерфейс: виводи 0 (RX) і 1 (TX). Використовуються для отримання (RX) і передачі (TX) даних по послідовному інтерфейсу. Ці виводи з'єднані з відповідними виводами мікросхеми ATmega8U2, яка виконує роль перетворювача USB-UART.
 Зовнішні переривання: виводи 2 і 3. Чи можуть служити джерелами переривань, що виникають при фронті, спаді або при низькому рівні сигналу на цих виводах. Для отримання додаткової інформації див. Функцію attachInterrupt ().
 ШІМ: виводи 3, 5, 6, 9, 10 і 11. За допомогою функції analogWrite () можуть виводити 8-бітові аналогові значення в вигляді ШІМ-сигналу.
 Інтерфейс SPI: виводи 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). Із застосуванням бібліотеки SPI дані виводи можуть здійснювати зв'язок по інтерфейсу SPI.
 Світлодіод: 13. Вбудований світлодіод, приєднаний до виводу 13. При відправці значення HIGH світлодіод включається, при відправці LOW — вимикається.

В Arduino Uno є 6 аналогових входів (A0 — A5), кожен з яких може уявити аналогову напругу у вигляді 10-бітного числа (1024 різних значення). За умовчанням, вимір напруги здійснюється щодо діапазону від 0 до 5 В. Проте, верхню межу цього діапазону можна змінити, використовуючи вивід AREF і функцію analogReference (). Крім цього, деякі з аналогових входів мають додаткові функції:
 TWI: вивід A4 або SDA і вивід A5 або SCL. З використанням бібліотеки Wire дані виводи можуть здійснювати зв'язок по інтерфейсу TWI.

Крім перерахованих на платі існує ще кілька виводів:
 AREF. Опорна напруга для аналогових входів. Може бути задіяний функцією analogReference ().
 Reset. Формування низького рівня (LOW) на цьому виводі призведе до перезавантаження мікроконтролера. Зазвичай цей вивід служить для функціонування кнопки скидання на платах розширення

Пам'ять
Обсяг флеш-пам'яті ATmega328 становить 32 КБ (з яких 0.5 КБ використовуються завантажувачем). Мікроконтролер також має 2 КБ пам'яті SRAM і 1 КБ EEPROM (з якої можна зчитувати або записувати інформацію за допомогою бібліотеки EEPROM).

Зв'язок
У ATmega328 є приймач UART, що дозволяє здійснювати послідовну зв'язок за допомогою цифрових виходів 0 (RX) і 1 (TX). Мікроконтролер ATmega16U2 на платі забезпечує зв'язок цього приймача з USB-портом комп'ютера, і при підключенні до ПК дозволяє Arduino визначатися як віртуальний COM-порт. Прошивка мікросхеми 16U2 використовує стандартні драйвера USB-COM, тому установка зовнішніх драйверів не потрібно. На платформі Windows необхідний тільки відповідний .inf-файл. У пакет програмного забезпечення Arduino входить спеціальна програма, що дозволяє зчитувати і відправляти на Arduino прості текстові дані. При передачі даних через мікросхему-перетворювач USB-UART під час USB-з'єднання з комп'ютером, на платі будуть мигати світлодіоди RX і TX. (При послідовній передачі даних за допомогою виходів 0 і 1, без використання USB-перетворювача, дані світлодіоди задіюються).

Бібліотека SoftwareSerial дозволяє реалізувати послідовний зв'язок на будь-яких цифрових виходах Arduino Uno.

У мікроконтролері ATmega328 також реалізована підтримка послідовних інтерфейсів I2C (TWI) і SPI. У програмне забезпечення Arduino входить бібліотека Wire, що дозволяє спростити роботу з шиною I2C; для отримання більш докладної інформації див. документацію. Для роботи з інтерфейсом SPI використовуйте бібліотеку SPI.

Захист USB від перевантажень
Незважаючи на те, що більшість комп'ютерів мають власний захист, такі запобіжники забезпечують додатковий рівень захисту. Якщо від USB-порту споживається струм більше 500 мА, запобіжник автоматично розірве з'єднання до усунення причин короткого замикання або перевантаження.

Фізичні характеристики
Максимальна довжина і ширина друкованої плати Uno становить 6,9 см і 5,4 см відповідно, з урахуванням роз'єму USB і роз'єму живлення, які виступають за межі плати. Чотири кріпильних отвори дозволяють прикріплювати плату до поверхні або корпусу. Зверніть увагу, що відстань між цифровими виводами 7 і 8 не кратне традиційним 2,54 мм і становить 4 мм.

Примітки

Посилання

Arduino


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The British Academy celebrated the 80th birthday of poet-playwright Tony Harrison with an evening of readings, tributes and performances from some of Britain's leading cultural figures.
Hosted by Lord Melvyn Bragg, Honorary Fellow of the British Academy, the event on Thursday, 27 April featured contributions from Vanessa Redgrave, Andy Burnham MP, Sir Richard Eyre, Barrie Rutter, Jasper Britton, Sian Thomas and Professor Edith Hall.
Andy Burnham explained how reading Harrison's poetry as a student had made him realise that poetry could have a Northern accent, while Sian Thomas, Jasper Britton and Barrie Rutter gave performances of extracts from Harrison's plays in which they had starred. Vanessa Redgrave read his poem Losing Touch, while director Sir Richard Eyre had composed a poem of his own in tribute to Tony Harrison.
To conclude the evening, Tony joined Lord Bragg in conversation and read from some of his repertoire.
This event was organised in connection with the British Academy Conference 'New Light on Tony Harrison', convened by Professor Edith Hall of King's College London. Speakers at the two-day conference included Professor Simon Armitage, Lee Hall and Professor Blake Morrison.


With their storybook settings, steeped in history, there can be no better place to stay than luxury hotel chain Paradores for travellers intent on following in the path of Spain's most famous fictional son, Don Quixote. Cervantes' whimsical character famously wound his way through the picturesque, windmill-filled landscapes of La Mancha in pursuit of Sancho Panza. Now you can do the same in style with this route.
Set in a 15th-century castle, Parador Oropesa commands wonderful views out over central Oropesa, the Castilian countryside and the Gredos mountains. You are well-placed to sightsee, although with its centuries of history, swimming pool and delightful restaurant, you could be forgiven for sticking to the hotel.
On 24th-25th April every year you can also return to the times of Cervantes with the town's stunning Medieval Fair.
Sigüenza is an enchanting village where Pero Pérez, Don Quixote's priest, is said to have studied. More than 100 bishops have stayed in Parador Sigüenza, which occupies a 12th-century Arab fortress whose thick stone walls house numerous original features, including a 13th-century Romanesque chapel.
For the best possible view of the hanging houses – a set of balconied buildings that dangle over the ravine bisecting the city's old town – stay at Parador Cuenca, a former convent. A swimming pool, sauna and restaurant round off the facilities.
Cuenca is a regional capital and a La Mancha must-see, with a coterie of fascinating attractions including an eye-catching Gothic cathedral and the excellent Spanish Museum of Abstract Spanish Art.
Parador Albacete, a lovely country-style property featuring big gardens, a pool, loads of natural light and even a 9-hole pitch & putt.
Many are unaware that Cervantes, despite being a celebrated novelist, also wrote several medieval comedies. With its breathtaking Corral de Comedias, an open-air theatre dating back to the 16th century, Almagro has long been a Mecca for Spanish drama and Cervantes' plays have been performed there for hundreds of years. The annual International Classical Theatre Festival is a fantastic opportunity to see Almagro in all its medieval splendour.
The 16th-century Franciscan convent now occupied by Parador Almagro boasts 14 traditional inner patios, bedrooms set in former monastic cells, a swimming pool and a restaurant where you can sample the local delicacy: delicious aubergines.
Cervantes notoriously wrote that Don Quixote would make Dulcinea, the protagonist's idealised and elusive love interest, "famous from Henares to the Jarama and from the Tajo to Manzanares".
For one last quixotic flourish before finishing your trip, we recommend a short detour to Campo de Criptana, where you can revel in the archetypal Castilian landscape, complete with the iconic windmills described in Don Quixote.


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Department of Earth Science and Engineering
BSc Earth and Planetary Science
Gain the geological and geophysical knowledge and skills that underpin modern investigation of solid planetary bodies in the Solar System.
Minimum entry
Three A-level offer: A A A
See full entry requirements
Applications : admissions ratio
Based on 2020 entry data
UCAS course code: F64B
ECTS: 180
Department: Department of Earth Science and Engineering
Campus: South Kensington
Apply on UCAS
Earth and planetary scientists seek to understand the Earth and other planets through observation.
Recent planetary missions and the development of new techniques are giving us radical new insights into Solar System evolution. Future exploration offers new opportunities to learn about planetary origins and evolution.
This degree focuses on geological and geophysical processes in the Solar System. There is a particular emphasis on planets, moons and smaller bodies, such as asteroids and comets. As an interdisciplinary degree, you'll gain skills in geoscience, physics, chemistry, mathematics, engineering and computing.
First you will gain a strong theoretical and practical foundation in earth science. Then you're taught how to apply your knowledge to planetary science. By the end, you will understand how dust and gas evolved into planets such as Earth which are capable of supporting life.
The foundation in earth science will emphasise the fundamentals of geology and geophysics. From this you will learn how Earth's atmosphere, life, surface, interior and external influences operate, interact and evolve.
You will use this foundation to understand solar system formation and evolution. You'll explore the physics, chemistry and geology of the main solid planetary bodies. Key planetary science questions you will examine include for example:
How have collisions shaped planetary surfaces and affected planetary and biological evolution?
What does the chemistry of meteorites tell us about planetary body evolution?
How can we reconstruct the climate history of Mars from analysing pictures from rovers on the martian surface?
Where is the best place to search for life in the Solar System?
All our courses combine a strong emphasis on observational and field skills, developed through field trips. These include modern numerical and analytical techniques required for a deep, quantitative understanding of Earth and planetary processes and systems.
Our department is in involved with current and future planetary missions, providing a unique insight into mission science and the opportunity to study recently acquired data.
We also emphasise the development of transferable professional skills such as group working, problem-solving, drawing inferences from incomplete data, computational methods and IT, and oral and written communication.
You follow a pathway of core modules in years one and two, before studying specialised modules in the third and fourth years.
Modules in the first two years are taken alongside students from other Earth Science degrees and focus on the fundamentals of the subject.
You then specialise in your third year, choosing between physics and geology orientated optional modules. Current specialist modules include astrobiology, earth systems, planetary physics, ore deposits and collisions and craters.
There is also a major project in both years, providing a further opportunity to specialise.
We place emphasis on field work across all our courses. It is a great way to apply your knowledge to the real world and learn essential skills.
Our field trips are designed to help you gain experience of identifying rocks and interpreting the physical processes that may have been involved in their formation.
Depending on which course you choose, you could spend over 85 days in the field. This can range from geological day trips in the UK to 10 days in the Pyrenees.
Students on Geology courses spend six weeks mapping the geology of areas such as the: Greek Cyclades, French Massif Central, Pyrenees, French Alps, North West Scotland, and others.
Students on Geophysics courses spend less time in the field, andhave the chance to gain experience in using technical equipment in the field, in Cyprus.
Students on Earth and Planetary Science courses join Geology students for the same field trips, and have the option to join the independent mapping project.
Find out more about the limited circumstances in which we may need to make changes to or in relation to our courses, the type of changes we may make and how we will tell you about them.
Dynamic Earth and Planets
Stratigraphy and Geomaterials
Deforming the Earth
Physical and Surface Processes
Volcanism and Internal Processes
Programming for Geoscientists
You take three optional modules in total.
Maths Methods 2 or Life over Deep Time
Chemistry for Geoscientists or Low Temperature Geochemistry
Geology in the Field or Field Geology and Thermodynamics
Pure and Applied Geophysics
Solar System Science
High-temperature Geochemistry
Maps and Structures
Remote Sensing Earth and Planets
You take four optional modules in total. You will choose three from Group A and one from Group B.
Palaeontology and Optical Petrology
Maths for Scientists and Engineers
Igneous and Metamorphic Geology
Seismology and Numerical Methods
Mechanics and Waves
Sediments and Stratigraphy
Environmental Geochemistry and Climate Report
Rocks and Structures in the Field
Field Geophysics
Advanced Remote Sensing
I-Explore
Your I-Explore module offers you choices from a range of subjects hosted outside of the department. You will be taught alongside students from other courses with options including business, management and many more.
You take seven optional modules in total.
You will choose two modules from Group A, one from Group B and four from Group C. A maximum of three of these can be level 7 modules from Group C during this year.
Continental Tectonics
Seismic Techniques
Integrated Advanced Field Geology
Seismic Processing
Mining Environmental Management
Ore Deposits
Environmental Seminars
Hydrogeology and Fluid Flow
Tectonics of the Oceans
Planetary Surfaces
Gravity, Magnetism and Orbital Dynamics
Geological and Coastal Engineering
Planetary Chemistry
Planetary Physics
Palaeobiology
Palaeoceanography
Geohazards
Applied Geomorphology
Collisions and Craters
Geophysical Inversion
Advanced Exploration Geophysics
Geological Reactive Transport
Minerals Processing
Magmatic Processes and Products
You cannot take the same module twice in different years.
Download the programme specification [PDF] – this is the most up-to-date version available for this course. It may change for your year of entry. If/when changes to this course are approved by the College, we will update this document and the information on this course page.
Through I-Explore, you'll have the chance to deepen your knowledge in a brand new subject area, chosen from a huge range of for-credit modules.
All of our undergraduate courses include one module from I-Explore's wide selection. The module you choose will be fully integrated into your course's curriculum and count as credit towards your degree.
Find out more about I-Explore
Our Earth and Planetary Science degrees were new for 2019 entry. Usually, a degree can be newly accredited once the first intake of students graduate. This will be in 2022 for our first BSc students and 2023 for our first MSci students.
We will seek retrospective professional accreditation, for students beginning from September 2019.
Accreditation is sought from from these organisations:
Geological Society of London
As well as your main Imperial degree, you will also receive the award of the Associateship of the Royal School of Mines on completion of this course.
The Royal School of Mines is one of three historic Colleges that came together to form Imperial College London in 1907.
Find out more about our Associateships.
Our courses are both theoretical and practical. Teaching will be enhanced by fieldwork opportunities throughout your degree. Methods include:
Group exercises
Methods for this course include:
Written examinations
Vivas
Assessment types
Coursework 10% 10% 5%
Practical 20% 30% 40%
Examination 70% 60% 55%
Based on the typical pathway through the course; percentages have been rounded to the nearest whole number
Staff expertise
For each module you will have a designated coordinator, who will be normally be a teaching fellow or member of academic staff.
You receive tutorial time with post-doctoral research assistants/fellows, who will themselves be researching specialised areas of geology and geophysics, with a depth of subject knowledge and experience of study to share.
As you progress through your degree, the areas covered become specialised and more advanced, and you will increasingly be taught by experts in the fields concerned.
Compare this course
See how this course compares with similar courses at different institutions.
Discover Uni compares things like student satisfaction and what graduates do after they finish the course.
We welcome students from all over the world and consider all applicants on an individual basis – see selection process below.
For advice on the requirements for the qualifications listed here please contact the Department (see Contact us).
We also accept a wide range of international qualifications. If the requirements for your qualifications are not listed here, please see our academic requirements by country page for guidance on which qualifications we accept.
Minimum entry standards
Our minimum entry standard for 2022 entry is AAA overall, to include:
A in Mathematics
A in Biology, Chemistry, Geography, Geology or Physics
General Studies and Critical Thinking are not accepted.
You may also require a relevant language qualification for the year abroad degree.
Typical offer range
As a guide, here are the typical offers made to at least 80% of A-level applicants for 2020 entry:
Three A-level offer: AAA
Practical endorsement (practical science assessment)
If you are made an offer you will be required to achieve a pass in the practical endorsement in all science subjects that form part of the offer.
The practical endorsement is part of the reformed English linear A-levels.
Additional Mathematics support
Our A-level Mathematics online course covers a range of key topic areas to help you gain a deeper understanding of the skills and techniques required to succeed in your A-level Mathematics exams.
This optional course has been built around the A-level syllabus with the aim of developing your thinking skills, fluency and confidence.
Please note: this course is not compulsory and does not form part of the entry requirements for this course. It is available free of charge via the EdX website. It is self-paced so you can start it at any time.
Our minimum entry standard for 2022 entry is 38 points overall, to include:
6 in Mathematics at higher level
6 at higher level in Biology, Chemistry, Geography, Geology or Physics
As a guide, the typical offer made to at least 80% of IB applicants for 2020 entry was 38–39 points.
Mathematics Higher Level for award in 2022
For entry in 2022, the Mathematics Analysis and Approaches or the Applications and Interpretation syllabi will be accepted at higher level with no preference.
We have launched an A-level Mathematics online course, which is available free of charge via the EdX website.
Although this optional course has been built around the A-level syllabus, it is relevant to your curriculum too.
Please note: this course is not compulsory and does not form part of the entry requirements for this course. It is self-paced so you can start it at any time.
Advanced Placements
The grades detailed below are the minimum requirements for students offering only Advanced Placements as their exams for entry to Imperial.
If you are studying a High School Diploma that is accepted by Imperial alongside Advanced Placements, requirements may apply to both your Diploma and Advanced Placements.
Please consult our country index to check whether we accept your High School Diploma programme for admission.
Our minimum requirement for this course is grades 5, 5, 5 to include:
5 in Calculus (AB or BC)
5 in Physics, Chemistry, Geology, Biology or Geography
5 in another relevant subject
Assessing your application
Admissions Tutors consider all the evidence available during our rigorous selection process and the College flags key information providing assessors with a more complete picture of the educational and social circumstances relevant to the applicant. Some applicants may be set lower offers and some more challenging ones.
Post-application open day and interview
If your UCAS application indicates that you are likely to satisfy our requirements you will be invited to participate in an interview, which may be online.
You will be introduced to the Department, the staff, our courses, teaching facilities and methods and life at College by staff and our current students. You will have an interview online with a member of the academic staff.
The interview is a chance for us to get to know each other, and we consider all aspects of your application fully when deciding whether to make you an offer. We will also take the comments of the staff member who has interviewed you into account, particularly when we decide after A-levels whether to confirm a place should you marginally fail to meet the terms of your offer.
A foundation course is a one-year preparation course, designed for international students, which leads to undergraduate programmes in the UK. Foundation programmes are normally for school-leavers who have studied a non-British curriculum but wish to pursue a degree at a UK university.
Foundation programmes are offered by many UK universities, but only two would be considered for entry to Imperial:
UCL's Undergraduate Preparatory Certificate for Science and Engineering (UPCSE), and
Warwick's International Foundation Programme (IFP) in Science & Engineering
UCL UPCSE
A year-long programme for international students whose school leaving qualifications do not allow them direct entry to UK universities. Students must complete four modules across the year – two compulsory and two elective modules:
Research and Academic Skills: Science and Society Compulsory
Academic English Compulsory
Biology Elective
Chemistry Elective
Mathematics Elective
Physics Elective
Information correct at time of publishing, but subject to change
Summary of the table's contents
To be considered for admission to Earth and Planetary Science international students studying UCL UPCSE must achieve:
80% overall
80% in Mathematics
80% in Physics, Chemistry or Physics
Warwick IFP Science and Engineering
A year-long programme for international students whose school leaving qualifications do not allow them direct entry to UK universities.
To be considered for admission to Earth Science and Engineering, international students studying Warwick IFP Science and Engineering must achieve:
80% in Mathematics and Physics
To meet these requirements, students should choose from the following IFP pathways:
We want to make sure that the Imperial learning community is as diverse as the society we serve. So to make our admissions process as fair as possible, we have introduced admissions schemes for Home students that allow us to consider your application in the full context of any additional barriers you may face.
Find out if you meet the eligibility criteria for our contextual admissions schemes.
If your predicted grades meet the minimum College entry standard of AAA at A-level or an equivalent level qualification in the relevant subjects, this department will guarantee you an interview.
Read more about the contextual admissions scheme in this department and others.
English language requirement (all applicants)
All candidates must demonstrate a minimum level of English language proficiency for admission to the College.
For admission to this course, you must achieve the standard College requirement in the appropriate English language qualification. For details of the minimum grades required to achieve this requirement, please see the English language requirements for undergraduate applicants.
Academic Technology Approval Scheme (ATAS)
An ATAS certificate is not required for overseas students who apply for this course.
For more information about the Academic Technology Approval Scheme (ATAS), please see the International Student Support website.
View our terms and conditions on visas.
Tuition fees and funding
We charge tuition fees for every year that your course lasts. The fee you will be charged is based on your fee status, which is determined by government regulations.
Home rate of tuition
2022 entry
£9,250 per year.
For each subsequent year, you should expect and budget for your tuition fee to increase by an amount in line with inflation. The measure of inflation used will be the Retail Price Index (RPIX) value, taken from April in the calendar year in which the academic session starts.
For example, the RPIX value in April 2022 will apply to fees for the academic year 2022–2023.
Whether you pay the Home fee depends on your fee status.
Your fee status is assessed based on UK Government legislation and includes things like where you live and your nationality or residency status.
Find out more about how we assess your fee status.
EU/EEA/Swiss students
The Government has confirmed that EU/EEA/Swiss students who begin a course before the 31 July 2021 will be eligible to pay the same fee as Home students and have access to student finance for the duration of their course, as long as they meet certain requirements which are unchanged from previous years. This includes students who begin the course remotely.
EU/EEA/Swiss students starting a course on or after 1 August 2021 will no longer be eligible for the Home fee rate and so will be charged the Overseas fee. Please note we do not expect this to apply to Irish students or students benefitting from Citizens' rights under the EU Withdrawal Agreement, EEA EFTA Separation Agreement or Swiss Citizens' Rights Agreement respectively. However, we are currently awaiting the formal publication of the amended Fees and Awards regulations.
The UK Council for International Student Affairs (UKCISA) website has useful information on the conditions you currently need to meet to be entitled to pay tuition fees at the Home rate for study on a higher education course in England and reflect the regulations as they currently stand (not the amended regulations which are subject to publication).
UKCISA has also provided some information in response to Questions for students starting their course from the 1 August 2021.
If you're a Home student, you can apply for a Tuition Fee Loan from the UK government to cover the entire cost of tuition for every year of your course.
You can also apply for a means-tested Maintenance Loan to help towards your living costs.
Overseas rate of tuition
£35,100 per year.
For each subsequent year, you should expect and budget for your tuition fee to increase by an amount in line with inflation. The measure of inflation used will be the Retail Price Index (RPIX) value, taken from April in the calendar year in which the academic session starts. For example, the RPIX value in April 2022 will apply to fees for the academic year 2022–2023.
Whether you pay the Overseas fee depends on your fee status.
Additional course costs
This section outlines additional costs relevant to this course.
Please note that all field trips referenced on this page are included in the cost of tuition, except for the fieldwork component of the independent mapping project, which Geology students undertake in the second year of their programme.
Living costs, including accommodation, are not included in your tuition fees.
Most Imperial undergraduates choose to live in our halls of residence in their first year. You can compare costs across different accommodation options.
Read our rough guide to university spending in London.
The Imperial Bursary is one of the most generous schemes of its kind, providing support to Home undergraduate students whose household income falls below £60,000 a year.
Find out more about the Imperial Bursary
Use our online search tool to find scholarships you may be eligible for. This includes our President's Undergraduate scholarships for students of any nationality.
Access our scholarships search tool
Besides obtaining the core knowledge and skills necessary for a career in the earth science, graduates of the new programme will gain specialist understanding and practical skills in geological, geochemical and geophysical aspects of planetary science.
This bespoke training will ensure that you are well placed to pursue a research careers in planetary science, and will have gained the breadth of knowledge required to undertake a broad range of space‐related employment.
Our three-year BSc degrees are excellent preparation for careers in geosciences and other professions, especially if followed by a relevant MSc and a research degree.
Our four-year MSci degrees provide a deeper understanding of the subject and the chance to undertake a significant research project.
Many of our graduates go on to further study either by doing focused MSc degrees or undertaking research on a PhD programme.
Other recent graduates of the Department have become:
Graduate Engineering Geologist, Mott MacDonald
Risk Consultant, KPMG
Trainee Field Geophysicist, Oilfield services provider
Spatial Data Infrastructure team, Global IT and business consulting service
Research Assistant, National museum
UCAS key information
UCAS institution code: I50
You can start and track your application on UCAS Hub. There you can add this course as one of your choices.
26 January 2022 at 18.00 (UK time).
If your application includes a medicine course, the deadline is 15 October 2021 at 18.00 (UK time).
Explore our step by step guide on how to apply. You can also find answers to your questions about admissions.
If you have a disability or impairment, the Disability Advisory Service are here to support you and answer your questions.
You may also be interested in the following related departments and the courses they offer:
E: admit.earth@imperial.ac.uk
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Find more information about our courses and life at Imperial.
Explore Imperial
Meet us and find out more about studying at Imperial.
Explore our South Kensington Campus and our halls of residence from your home.
Have your questions answered by real Imperial students.
There are some important pieces of information you should be aware of when applying to universities. We've put together this information in a dedicated section of our website.
Read our terms and conditions for these areas:
Accommodation contract


text:
Муніципа́льний о́круг Горє́лово — муніципальне утворення в складі Красносельского району Санкт-Петербурга.

Розташоване в південно-західній частині міста.
Межує:
 на півночі по Петергофській лінії залізниці з муніципальними округами Ульянка і Уріцк
 на сході — з Московським районом і Ленінградською областю
 на півдні — з містом Красне Село
 на заході — з Константиновським і Ленінградською областю

Чисельність населення — 16640 чоловік (2002рік).
Округ складається з двох частин, які мають тільки одну спільну точку. Північно-західна частина — історичний район Старо-Паново, південно-західна — Горєлово і Торікі. В окрузі є як багатоповерхова житлова забудова, так і приватний сектор.
Головною транспортною магістраллю округа є Красносельське шосе, по якому проходить більшість автобусних маршрутів. Вздовж шосе розташовані гіпермаркети «Лента» і «К-Раута». По території округу проходить Гатчинська лінія залізниці, є станції Лігово і Горелово.

Релігія
Також в селищі є буддистський храм — Буддавіхара (2006).

В районі розташоване Горєловське кладовище.

Місцевості Санкт-Петербурга
Муніципальні утворення Санкт-Петербурга
Красносельський район


text:
Louder The world's biggest and best metal magazine
New Metal Hammer issue
Musicians hating their own songs
Story behind Korn's Blind
Ben Stiller as James Hetfield
The New Testament: Black Veil Brides Believe Rock Will Rise Again
By Andy Biersack
( Metal Hammer )
Is the age of the rock star done and dusted? Gene Simmons seems to think so. However, Black Veil Brides' Andy Biersack isn't worried. He's convinced that rock will rise again.
What's interesting about what Gene Simmons has said about the death of rock'n'roll is that he asked people to name three significant icons since the 70s. In the 80s and early 90s, record labels were flush with cash and they had some bands that broke, like Nirvana, but they were also still cleaning up on one-hit wonders from both outside and inside rock. That doesn't happen so much anymore, but it has had an effect on rock making new stars, as there aren't so many eyes on the genre without that constant stream of attention, which one-hit wonders help to create.
The biggest era for one-hit wonders was in the early 90s when rock was huge… "Do you sound kind of like Guns N' Roses? Here! Have a record contract!" and so on. Rock imploded because nobody had any idea who to sign after that approach failed, and burgeoning genres – hip-hop especially – became more important and valid to kids. Hip-hop had one-hit wonders and then soon it had stars and they had the rebellion and danger of rock'n'roll. Rock didn't die – it just lost its appeal over a 10-year period./o:p
Gene's not talking about big fish in little ponds – he's just talking about big fish. Axl Rose was certainly an icon and the thing about those Golden God-level, flashy icons is that Cobain has become that but, at the time, he was not the kind of icon Gene is talking about. Fred Durst? In some sense he was a big star but when it comes to big fish, you think about Elton John or Freddie Mercury. Durst was a big star but so was fucking Scott Stapp… it's not the same thing!/o:p
People acknowledge that there are still huge music icons but asking me if rock can have icons as big as Jay-Z, Rihanna and Eminem is like asking me if a rotary phone or black-and-white TV sets could make a comeback at this point. Rock doesn't need someone who is on the same level of fame as Jay-Z. Rock simply needs something new and better than what has been around for a while. The reason that all of those big stars end up where they do is because they create something that's interesting and enticing to people. That's what we need. It has to come from the art.
We need someone who is interesting enough to make people want to rebel. Maybe that guy is out there already, and there are plenty of frontmen that already appeal to many, many people, but our world is so ignored by the mainstream that there's only so far you can go without that level of media interest. I understand Gene's point but when anyone is saying "rock is dead", it's inaccurate. The problem is you have to do research to find out about us and the mainstream is more interested in other kinds of music right now. That's what's really troubling about what Gene is saying.
I understand why other people may not aspire to be rock stars today. Not everyone craves fame and money and a lot of people do this because they love the idea of touring and making music for a living, and that's enough. The reality is that there are bands out there, doing what you might think are big things, that are on minimum wage. That's not very appealing. The days of rock stars being in the tabloids for pulling up at movie premieres in sports cars aren't around anymore, so I get what Gene is saying, and also why there are fewer people wanting to front bands.
Things are very different now from how they were in the era when Gene became a rock star. There are many bands that can play big shows but they can remain relatively anonymous on the streets, because only people who are fully immersed in our world will know who they are. I can still go for a Subway and not be recognised.
In that sense, today's rock stars are not global icons of the kind Gene is talking about, but that's not to say that that level of fame could never happen again to someone from the rock world. I truly believe that it's possible.
BLACK VEIL BRIDES PERFORM AT DOWNLOAD FESTIVAL IN JUNE/o:p
Metal Hammer Newsletter
Sign up below to get the latest from Metal Hammer, plus exclusive special offers, direct to your inbox!
Andy Biersack
MORE FROM METAL HAMMER
"Life is short": Nightwish singer Floor Jansen opens up – only in the new issue of Metal Hammer
Megadeth announce European summer tour
20 killer metal albums turning 10 in 2023
Collabs, special events and a new member? 10 things we want from Babymetal in 2023
Iron Maiden, Rage Against The Machine, Soundgarden, Willie Nelson, Missy Elliot and more nominated for Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame 2023


CD comes in digipak with relief printing -sealed-.
Info: This concert took place at The Rock, Copenhagen, April 16th 2006.
Status: Only 3. copies copie!
Customer evaluation for "Der Blutharsch - Live In Copenhagen CD"


DUBLIN, April 3, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) Devices Market - Growth, Trends, and Forecast (2019 - 2024)" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.
The hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) devices market is majorly driven by the rising prevalence of acute and chronic wounds, widening the application of HBOT devices in cosmetic procedures and wound healing, and technological advancements.
HBOT devices are used in chronic problem wounds caused by diabetes, venous or arterial insufficiency, crush injuries, and wounds/tissue damage caused by the late effects of radiation therapy. The chronic wounds impose a significant burden on the individual, the healthcare system, and the society as a whole. According to the estimates of the National Health Services (NHS), 1.5% of the UK population is estimated to have a leg ulcer.
Furthermore, as per the NHS Benchmarking 2016 annual audit, approximately 39% of a district nursing service workload is attributed to wound care. The annual cost of managing wounds in the NHS and associated co-morbidities has been estimated to be EUR 5.3 billion, which is more than what is on par with the obesity treatment costs, according to the study published in 2017 by Guest J, Venous Leg Ulcer Management in Clinical Practice in the UK: Costs and Outcomes.
Thus, the rising incidences and prevalence of acute and chronic wounds are expected to drive the growth of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) devices market over the forecast period.
As per the scope of this report, the term hyperbaric oxygen therapy implicates breathing oxygen in pressurized chambers, where the atmospheric pressure is thrice higher than normal, thus, allowing the lungs to absorb three times more oxygen than in normal air pressure. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy augments the quantity of oxygen, which may improve vital tissue function in recovery from injuries and fight infection.
The monoplace HBOT segment held a maximum share in 2018, due to factors, like commercial availability of monoplace systems and high adoption of such devices, due to ease of handling and less requirement of hospital gas supply. The market is majorly dominated by few products, such as BARA-MEDXD, BARA-MED, BARA-MED Select by ETC Hyperbaric Chambers (Environmental Tectonics Corporation); PAH-S1 Hyperbaric Chamber & PAH-S1-3800 Hyperbaric Chamber by Pan-America Hyperbarics Inc.
The monoplace HBOT devices segment is expected to register a high growth rate during the forecast period, due to the rising demand for monoplace systems in hospitals and clinics, due to their higher availability in the market, along with ease in installation.
The North American region is expected to dominate the market, owing to factors, such as rising disposable income, increasing population, and the rising need for wound healing treatment, which have impelled the demand for HBOT in the region. According to the National Institutes of Health, human skin wound is a significant indirect threat to the economy, as the government takes responsibility for the treatment of the public.
This has led the government to invest huge amounts of money toward developing effective treatment methods. Research in the United States has revealed that the incidence of non-healing cutaneous wounds is about 5 to 7 million per year, in the country. The relative spending for these wounds is about USD 25 billion.
The cost burden to the US healthcare system has been so severe that the medical services and centers for medical care have made amendments to the reimbursement policy for wound care, providing economic incentives for hospitals, in order to improve and reduce costs. All of the aforementioned factors are expected to propel the growth of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) devices market.
The hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) devices market is moderately competitive and consists of several major players. The companies are implementing certain strategic initiatives, such as mergers, new product launches, acquisitions, and partnerships, which help them in strengthening their market positions.
6.1.3 Gulf Coast Hyperbarics Inc.


Twin Falls at Yankee Boy Basin on June 8th, 2012. The water level is quite low for this time of the year.
Gary Garren and I had a great ride last Friday, 8 June 2012. Gary has his new (to him) Kawasaki 250cc dirt bike and is breaking it (and himself) in, so we picked some easy rides that are also incredibly scenic. First, we rode up to Yankee Boy Basin, outside Ouray, CO.
American Bistort at Yankee Boy Basin. A nicely-formed sample that will continue to grow and open up a bit.
The flowers for which Yankee Boy Basin is famous aren't out yet. Normally the best time to see them is at the end of July. But this year…who knows? Everything is a month early and we haven't had any significant rain in weeks. I did find the American Bistort shown in the photo above. It isn't open all the way yet. In a few weeks I hope to see columbines and many other species.
Gary poses in front of the falls. The top waterfall is Twin Falls.
The road up to Yankee Boy is in great shape and we had no issues. On our way down we encountered a passenger car, though. I encouraged them not to go too far—it is, after all, a four-wheel-drive road.
Gary poses in front of the fabled Yankee Girl Mine headworks. You see both our bikes in the photo.
We next went to Ouray County Road 31, which takes you through the Red Mountain Mining District. The most famous citizen amongst all the ghost structures in the Yankee Girl Mine headworks. This is the structure that sits over the mine shaft with a great big pulley at the top and a huge motor to haul the bucket up and down. Gary thought all this old stuff quite interesting, so I suggested we attempt San Juan County Road 14, which is accessed just a few hundred feet south of Red Mountain Pass. I told him it was steep, but he was game and took to the steep road with no problem. This road, one of the best kept secrets around here, provides stunning views from away up above tree line, as shown in the photo below. Altogether, a great ride!
Gary and I stopped to admire the stunning view from 12,000 feet. San Juan CR 14 is one of the area's best-kept secrets.
This entry was posted in Motorcycling, Ouray County, Wildflowers and tagged american bistort, Yankee Boy Basin, yankee girl mine. Bookmark the permalink.
Do any geocaching while riding the trails?


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text:
The News • December 31, 2021
As 2021 comes to a close, the staff of The Daily Eastern News invites you to look back at the year through our lens. January February March April May June July August September October November December Happy...
Corryn Brock, Editor-in-Chief • December 22, 2021
Governor J.B. Pritzker appointed Payton Ade, student trustee on the Board of Trustees and sophomore interpersonal communication major, to the Illinois Student Assistance Commission. The commission's...
EDITORIAL: Ade truly represents the interests of students
Editorial Board • November 14, 2021
Throughout the semester, one member of Eastern's campus community has stood out to us over and over again: Payton Ade. Ade serves as the Executive Vice President for the Student Government and as the...
BOT approves 1-year contract for Glassman
Luke Taylor, News Editor • November 14, 2021
Eastern's Board of Trustees approved the addition of one year to University President David Glassman's contract with all but one vote in favor of the extension. The new contract does not include...
Student Senate set to meet Wednesday
Corryn Brock, Editor-in-Chief • October 5, 2021
The Student Senate will hear nominations for Speaker of the Senate during their meeting Wednesday. The meeting will be held at 7 p.m. in 7th Street Underground at the Martin Luther King Junior University...
Student Senate to hear nominations for Speaker of the Senate
Corryn Brock, Editor-in-Chief • September 28, 2021
EIU Trivia
Ashanti Thomas, Photo Editor • August 24, 2021
Payton Ade, a sophomore history and political science major and the Student Body Executive Vice President, asks trivia questions about EIU history to students who come up to the Student Government informational table.
What is Student Government, who is in it
Luke Taylor, News Editor • August 24, 2021
Each year, Eastern's student body elects members of student government to represent them in a number of issues. These student representatives can fill a variety of roles in the legislative, executive,...


text:
NetIQ and Idera Form Alliance to Deliver SQL Server Management and Administration Solutions
Exclusive Technology Licensing, Development Partnership, Distribution and Support Agreements Highlight Alliance
SAN JOSE, Calif. and HOUSTON
NetIQ Corp. (Nasdaq: NTIQ), a leading provider of Systems & Security Management and Web Analytics solutions, and Idera, a leading provider of management and administration solutions for Microsoft SQL Server, today announced a strategic alliance highlighted by an exclusive technology licensing, distribution and support agreement. As a NetIQ technology partner, Idera will collaborate with NetIQ in identifying opportunities to further integrate Idera's SQL Server management tools with NetIQ's systems management products.
Under the agreement which is effective today, Idera will license the source assets of NetIQ® DiagnosticManager for SQL Server and NetIQ® ConfigurationManager for SQL Server, and provide ongoing development, distribution and support, including the development of a release compatible with Microsoft SQL Server 2005 (Yukon). Idera will also develop and provide updates and new products, expanding the breadth of its management and administration solutions for Microsoft SQL Server.
"Idera's deep expertise in SQL Server management and administration is impressive," said David Pann, vice president of product management and product marketing for the Systems Management Group at NetIQ. "We are confident that this relationship will provide significant benefit to our mutual customers. In particular, users of DiagnosticManager and ConfigurationManager will benefit from Idera's focus on SQL Server management and administration as well as the breadth of its solutions for SQL Server."
"We are very pleased to enter into this alliance with NetIQ," said Rick Pleczko, president and CEO of Idera. "The addition of DiagnosticManager and ConfigurationManager to our portfolio, our focus on the enterprise and our planned integration with NetIQ's systems management products enable us to provide a comprehensive solution for DiagnosticManager users, Configuration Manager users and SQL Server database administrators as a whole."
DiagnosticManager for SQL Server is designed for use by database administrators to monitor the performance and availability of Microsoft SQL Server and to provide faster time-to-recovery from database problems.
ConfigurationManager for SQL Server monitors SQL Server database server hardware, operating system (OS) and SQL Server instance configuration, providing automated change notification and comprehensive change reporting.
About Idera
Idera delivers a new generation of tools for managing and administering the world's fastest growing database management system – Microsoft SQL Server. Battle-proven and engineered for the enterprise Idera's solutions include: Web-based Administration, Job Management, Performance and Availability Management and Data Migration and Transformation. Headquartered in Houston, Texas, Idera's products are sold and supported directly and via authorized resellers and distributors around the globe. For more information, please visit www.idera.com or call 877.464.3372.
NetIQ Corp. (Nasdaq: NTIQ) is a leading provider of Systems & Security Management and Web Analytics solutions. Historically focused on managing Windows-based applications, NetIQ now delivers cross-platform solutions that enhance business performance resulting in higher returns on infrastructure and Web investments. NetIQ products are sold across all continents directly and through a network of authorized NetIQ partners and resellers. The company is headquartered in San Jose, Calif., with development and operational personnel in Houston, Texas; Portland, Ore; Raleigh, N.C.; Bellevue, Wash. and Galway, Ireland. For more information, please visit the company's Web site at www.netiq.com or call (888) 323-6768.


Yellow Porter have announced their success in acquiring RM1 million in a funding round led by Cradle Fund.
According to co-founder and CEO Vimal Kumar, they plan to use their new funding to help manage their growing user base and expand into the rest of Southeast Asia.
Just yesterday, Malaysian shipping and logistics startup Yellow Porter announced their success in securing RM1 million in a funding round led by Cradle Fund Sdn Bhd.
Since beginning operations last year and has since attempted to position itself as one of Malaysia's more cost-effective methods of international product sourcing and shipping (starting from RM45 per kilogram), with their crowdsourcing model proving particularly popular.
According to co-founder and CEO Vimal Kumar, Yellow Porter have been working hard to create awareness for their brand, build stronger relationships with partner airlines and courier companies such as DHL, and also improve their platform to cope with the growth of their user base.
From only operating in only five countries, they have now expanded local addresses in countries such as USA, Japan, Germany, and South Korea among others, and now have plans to expand their services beyond Malaysia and into the rest of Southeast Asia, with Taiwan and India already penetrated and Hong Kong slated as an expansion point later this year.
"Yellow Porter is looking to grow user acquisitions beyond just Malaysians, but to Southeast Asia and work with more business partners around the region," said Vimal.
This round of funding comes after a period where the Yellow Porter team realised that they needed a bit of a boost in order to bring their services to a wider market.
"2017 was the year in which we were identifying our market fit, and at the same time, we were also operating on angel funding which limited our ability to market our services on a larger scale," Vimal said.
Explaining how his company managed to successfully land funding from Cradle Fund, co-founder and CEO Vimal Kumar said that it all went back to when his team were accepted into the last batch of the CIP 150 programme.
"This allowed us to expedite the development of our platform and it was key in our efforts to enable a seamless process for our new customers to purchase items from overseas websites and have us 'porter' them back to their home country," he said.
Moving forward, Yellow Porter will continue to stick with the same growth strategy they've been going with all along—strong partnerships and low costs.
"We've created our own inventory with regards to the luggage space of our travellers but it didn't stop us from working with other logistics partners to provide our users options in regards to getting them items at an affordable rate," Vimal said.
You can read our feature on Yellow Porter here, or you can visit their website or Facebook page to find out more about what they offer.


text:
San Rafael Ixtapalucan es una comunidad perteneciente al Estado de Puebla, México,  al municipio de Tlahuapan, de población aproximada de 5.000 habitantes, enclavada en las faldas del volcán Iztaccíhuatl, a una altura aproximada de 2600 ; sus principales actividades son la agricultura y maquila calcetera.

Religión
La fiesta patronal de dicha comunidad se celebra el día 24 de octubre en honor a San Rafael Arcángel, aunque también se celebra de forma secundaria el día 24 de febrero, también en honor a San Rafael Arcángel. De población mayoritariamente católica, aunque también hay minorías evangélicas. La iglesia de San Rafael se compone de un templo en donde se puede ver en el altar mayor la imagen tan venerada de San Rafael Arcángel y a los lados los arcángeles Gabriel y Miguel. Se construyó una capilla abierta en el interior del atrio que data de 1990 y que el 6 de julio de 2005 fue consagrada y dedicada a San José María de Yermo y Parres, primer santo de Puebla, dicha celebración fue presidida por el excelentísimo Señor Arzobispo de Puebla , Don Rosendo Huesca y Pacheco (+) y desde algún tiempo hasta la fecha se construye un edificio que se utiliza como casa de evangelización donde actualmente reside el párroco en turno, la cual cuenta con 4 plantas y un puente conecta la iglesia y dicho edificio.

Clima
Predominantemente templado la mayor parte del año, lluvioso en los meses de junio a septiembre; a partir de octubre comienza la temporada de fríos y heladas, por los efectos de los frentes fríos y nortes que llegan de la parte norte del país.

Flora y fauna
 Flora: árboles frutales (ciruelo, chabacano, durazno, higo, limón, manzana, nogal, pera, perón tejocote).

 Fauna doméstica: Ganado vacuno, ovino, caprino, porcino, asnal, caballar, aves de corral, perros y gatos.

 Fauna silvestre: ardillas, armadillos, cacomixtle, conejo, coyote, venado cola blanca, murciélago, comadreja (onza), tejón, tlacuache, tuza, zorrillo, lechuza, lagartija, víbora de cascabel, ratonero de cola roja, cenzontle y zopilote.

Se estima que en el territorio de San Rafael Ixtapalucan se encuentran tres especies endémicas y amenazadas del estado de Puebla como lo es, el Teporingo, la Codorniz-coluda neovolcánica o Gallina de monte (Dendrortyx macroura) y la víbora de cascabel transvolcánica (Crotalus triseriatus) las cuales son muy importante para el equilibrio del ecosistema.

Educación

Actualmente cuenta con:

 Jardín de niños "Marìa Castellan Xochitl")
 Escuela primaria "Domingo Arenas" turno matutino y vespertino
 Secundaria: escuela Telesecundaria "Edmundo Halley"
 Bachillerato General Oficial "Wilfrido Sànchez Sànchez"

Comunicaciones

San Rafael Ixtapalucan está comunicada por 3 vías carreteras: carretera a San Salvador el Verde, que parte desde la ciudad de San Martín Texmelucan, llega a San Salvador El verde, y sigue 4 km, más adelante, hasta llegar al tramo final de la carretera, que es donde se ubica San Rafael Ixtapalucan;
también se puede llegar por la Autopista México-Puebla, tomando la desviación que se encuentra en el "km 77" y virar hacia la derecha siguiendo la carretera hasta encontrar la población a 4 km de distancia, la última opción es por la carretera federal Mex-Pue pasando Apapaxco encontrar el señalamiento a San Salvador El Verde y seguir hasta 4 km hasta encontrar la población.

La forma de llegar en transporte público es de diversas maneras, de la ciudad de México se puede llegar a través de la terminal TAPO (terminal de autobuses de pasajeros de oriente) con destino a San Martín Texmelucan, llegando a dicha ciudad tomar la ruta 16 "San Rafael- el Verde" (el servicio es lento y tedioso) en recorrido aproximado de 50 minutos, en taxi el recorrido se reduce a la mitad de tiempo, aunque también se puede llegar desde la ciudad de México utilizando el servicio México-Puebla-intermedios pagando el servicio hasta la zona denominada "Apapaxco" (pasando el km 75), atravesar el puente peatonal que cruza la autopista México-Puebla, posteriormente tomar la ruta 28 con destino a San Rafael, el trayecto aproximado es de 15 minutos hasta dicha localidad.

Economía
Madera

La explotación del bosque mediante el ejido ha sido el mayor aporte financiero de las últimas décadas con el cual alguna parte del poblado (sobre todo la autoridad ejidal) se ha visto beneficiado por la derrama económica que la madera ha dejado, por otro lado la poca reforestación ha tenido como resultado la disminución de su materia prima.

Agricultura
Antes de la entrada de la industria calcetera, la agricultura predominaba principalmente maíz, frijol, haba, calabaza, alfalfa, así como árboles frutales como durazno, chabacano, nogal, pera, ciruela.

Maquila Calcetera
La economía local se sostiene por talleres familiares dedicados a la fabricación de calcetín, la mayor parte de la población laboralmente activa trabaja en este ramo empleando la mano de obra local y la de los poblados vecinos, el destino del producto terminado es enviado a mercados tradicionales del área conurbada del estado de México y Distrito Federal.

La competencia desleal de parte del comercio exterior, la introducción de productos de baja calidad de la industria china en el mercado, la introducción de los grandes consorcios con maquinaria moderna y de alta producción ha ocasionado el estancamiento de esta industria local.

Ecoturismo
San Rafael Ixtapalucan tiene una orografía boscosa a las faldas de la montaña, lo que ha sido aprovechado del año 1990 a la fecha por la comunidad que han iniciado proyectos de ecoturismo, como son cabañas, avistamiento de luciérnagas, paseos a caballo, caminata, campismo, miradores. Existiendo varios parques donde se puede realizar estas actividades donde la flora y fauna tienen el sentido de la conservación.

Historia
El toponímico "Ixtapalucan" significa:

Ixtli: cara o superficie

Tlapalo: quebrado

Ca: en

Ix-tlapalo-ca o Ixtapalucan que quiere decir "En la superficie quebrada" o "lugar que tiene hendiduras" esto debido a lo irregular de su territorio situado a las faldas del Iztaccíhuatl'

Hay algunos documentos que datan del año 1538 (Siglo XVI) en los cuales está escrito, que un representante del señor Virrey de la Nueva España, el cual se dice vino a darles posesión de sus tierras, también está escrito que hubo un intérprete llamado Lucas Peréz Maldonado entre los naturales y el representante del Virrey en ese entonces llamaron al pueblo San Rafael del Monte; el pueblo lo formaban unas cuantas casas de tapia (es decir tierra) y techados con tejamanil (madera y zacatón) su lengua predominante era el Nahuatl.

Antes de la Revolución Mexicana San Rafael Ixtapalucan fue una comunidad con ideales zapatista, por lo que el gobierno de Carranza oprimió todo tipo movimiento, Ante este hecho parte del territorio que le corresponde a San Rafael era propiedad de la Hacienda asentada en el ojo de agua, donde la Viuda hacendada, por su salud y al retirarse a España ante los conflictos internos de México otorgó al pueblo de San Rafael los títulos de propiedad de todos sus bienes inmuebles, que son los que actualmente delimitan a esta comunidad.

Con la llegada de la Revolución Mexicana, el General Domingo Arenas llegó a la región de los volcanes proveniente del Movimiento Revolucionario Tlaxcalteca. Para Domingo Arenas la militancia con Emiliano Zapata o con Venustiano Carranza era secundaria, lo guiaban la vocación de resolver la problemática agraria de la región.
En el reparto agrario se dieron tierras de labor y monte de la Hacienda San Miguel Molino y Río Frío para los campesinos de San Rafael Ixtapalucan. Parte del documento del reparto agrario dice lo siguiente:

Referencias

Ixtapalucan
Patronazgo de San Rafael