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TARDBP gene
URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/tardbp/
TAR DNA binding protein
Normal Function
The TARDBP gene provides instructions for making a protein called transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43). This protein is found within the cell nucleus in most tissues and is involved in many of the steps of protein production. The TDP-43 protein attaches (binds) to DNA and regulates an activity called transcription, which is the first step in the production of proteins from genes. This protein can also bind to RNA, a chemical cousin of DNA, to ensure the RNA's stability. The TDP-43 protein is involved in processing molecules called messenger RNA (mRNA), which serve as the genetic blueprints for making proteins. By cutting and rearranging mRNA molecules in different ways, the TDP-43 protein controls the production of different versions of certain proteins. This process is known as alternative splicing. The TDP-43 protein can influence various functions of a cell by regulating protein production.
The TARDBP gene is particularly active (expressed) during early development before birth when new tissues are forming. Many of the proteins whose production is influenced by the TDP-43 protein are involved in nervous system and organ development.
Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes
At least 60 mutations in the TARDBP gene have been found to cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a condition characterized by progressive muscle weakness, a loss of muscle mass, and an inability to control movement. Most mutations change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the TDP-43 protein. The majority of these changes affect the region of the protein involved in mRNA processing, likely disrupting the production of other proteins. Changes to the TDP-43 protein cause the protein to misfold and form protein clumps (aggregates), which have been found in nerve cells that control muscle movement (motor neurons) in some people with ALS. It is unclear whether TDP-43 protein aggregates causes the nerve cell death that leads to ALS or if they are a byproduct of a dying cell.
Some people with ALS caused by TARDBP gene mutations also develop a condition called frontotemporal dementia (FTD), which is a progressive brain disorder that affects personality, behavior, and language. It is unclear why some people with TARDBP gene mutations develop FTD and others do not. Individuals who develop both conditions are diagnosed as having ALS-FTD.
More About This Health Condition
Other disorders
Mutations in the TARDBP gene have been found to cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD) without features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, described above). FTD caused by TARDBP gene mutations is characterized by a gradual loss of problem-solving skills and language comprehension. Affected individuals often have changes in personality and behavior that may make it difficult to interact with others in a socially appropriate manner. Most TARDBP gene mutations that cause FTD change single amino acids in the TDP-43 protein. These mutations are thought to affect only part of the protein, leaving other parts of the protein functional. Because these TARDBP gene mutations result in a protein with some residual function, the features of the condition tend to appear later in life, in one's late sixties or early seventies. Some people who inherit the altered TARDBP gene never develop FTD, a situation known as reduced penetrance.
Other Names for This Gene
ALS10
TADBP_HUMAN
TAR DNA-binding protein 43
TAR DNA-binding protein-43
TDP-43
Additional Information & Resources
Tests Listed in the Genetic Testing Registry
Tests of TARDBP
Scientific Articles on PubMed
Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM
TAR DNA-BINDING PROTEIN
Gene and Variant Databases
Borroni B, Archetti S, Del Bo R, Papetti A, Buratti E, Bonvicini C, Agosti C, Cosseddu M, Turla M, Di Lorenzo D, Pietro Comi G, Gennarelli M, Padovani A. TARDBP mutations in frontotemporal lobar degeneration: frequency, clinical features, and disease course. Rejuvenation Res. 2010 Oct;13(5):509-17. doi: 10.1089/rej.2010.1017. Epub 2010 Jul 20. Citation on PubMed
Budini M, Baralle FE, Buratti E. Regulation of gene expression by TDP-43 and FUS/TLS in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2011 May;8(3):237-45. doi: 10.2174/156720511795563719. Citation on PubMed
Buratti E, Baralle FE. Multiple roles of TDP-43 in gene expression, splicing regulation, and human disease. Front Biosci. 2008 Jan 1;13:867-78. doi: 10.2741/2727. Citation on PubMed
Highley JR, Kirby J, Jansweijer JA, Webb PS, Hewamadduma CA, Heath PR, Higginbottom A, Raman R, Ferraiuolo L, Cooper-Knock J, McDermott CJ, Wharton SB, Shaw PJ, Ince PG. Loss of nuclear TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) causes altered expression of splicing machinery and widespread dysregulation of RNA splicing in motor neurones. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2014 Oct;40(6):670-85. doi: 10.1111/nan.12148. Citation on PubMed
Mutihac R, Alegre-Abarrategui J, Gordon D, Farrimond L, Yamasaki-Mann M, Talbot K, Wade-Martins R. TARDBP pathogenic mutations increase cytoplasmic translocation of TDP-43 and cause reduction of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2)(+) signaling in motor neurons. Neurobiol Dis. 2015 Mar;75:64-77. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.12.010. Epub 2014 Dec 17. Citation on PubMed
Warraich ST, Yang S, Nicholson GA, Blair IP. TDP-43: a DNA and RNA binding protein with roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2010 Oct;42(10):1606-9. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.06.016. Epub 2010 Jun 25. Citation on PubMed
Genomic Location
The TARDBP gene is found on chromosome 1.
Genes and Gene Therapy
Understanding Genetics
What is DNA?
What is a gene?
What is a gene variant and how do variants occur?
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The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health.


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Fifteen strains of the Cryptococcus laurentii complex were reclassied based on sequence analyses of 18S rDNA, the D1/D2 region of the 26S rDNA and the internal transcribed spacer regions, as well as physiological and biochemical properties. The strains were divided into phylogenetic groups I and II. The type strain of C. laurentii (CBS 139T=ATCC 18803T=JCM 9066T=MUCL 30398T=NRRL Y-2536T) was in phylogenetic group I. Phylogenetic group II, which was phylogenetically distant from phylogenetic group I, clustered with Cryptococcus dimennae and Bullera globispora. In phylogenetic group I, the type strain of Torula aurea (CBS 318T=ATCC 32063T=IFO 0372T=NRRL Y-1582T) appeared to be a separate species from C. laurentii, and the designation Cryptococcus aureus comb. nov. is proposed for Torula aurea. Cryptococcus avescens (formerly Torula avescens, type strain CBS 942T=ATCC 10668T=DBVPG 6007T =MUCL 30414T) was treated as a synonym of C. laurentii; however, this is a distinct species. The type strains of Torulopsis carnescens (CBS 973T=ATCC 32064T=MUCL 30641T=NRRL Y-1503T), Rhodotorula peneaus (CBS 2409T=ATCC 13546T=MUCL 30643T=NRRL Y-2005T) and Cryptococcus victoriae belonged to phylogenetic group II. Two new combinations, Cryptococcus carnescens comb. nov. (type strain CBS 973T=ATCC 32064T=MUCL 30641T=NRRL Y-1503T) and Cryptococcus peneaus comb. nov. (type strain CBS 2409T=ATCC 13546T=MUCL 30643T=NRRL Y-2005T), are proposed from this group.
Abbreviation: ITS, internal transcribed spacer. 3Present address: Central Research Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), NSTDA, 113 Phahonyothin Road, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the sequences determined in this study are AB085795AB085812.
D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions (Sugita et al., 2000). Ten strains, including the type strain, were divided into phylogenetic groups I and II. The type strain of the species (CBS 139T=ATCC 18803T=JCM 9066T=MUCL 30398T=NRRL Y-2536T) was in phylogenetic group I. Phylogenetic group II was phylogenetically distinct from group I and clustered with Cryptococcus dimennae Fell & Phaff and Bullera globispora Johri & Bandoni. Four species that have been treated as synonyms of C. laurentii, Torula aurea Saito (type strain CBS 318T=ATCC 32063T=IFO 0372T=NRRL Y-1582T), Torula avescens Saito (type strain CBS 942T=ATCC 10668T=DBVPG 6007T=MUCL 30414T), Torulopsis carnescens Verona & Luchetti (type strain CBS 973T=ATCC 32064T=MUCL 30641T=NRRL Y-1503T) and Rhodotorula peneaus Phaff, Mrak & Williams (type strain CBS 2409T=ATCC 13546T=MUCL 30643T=NRRL Y-2005T), seemed to be distinct species.
In addition to these strains, ve other strains in the C. laurentii complex were included in this study. Four were strains of opposite mating types from wheat and corn (JCM 9909, JCM 9910, JCM 9911, JCM 9912) isolated by Kurtzman (1973). These strains were identied as C. laurentii, but did not mate with the type strains of C. laurentii, C. laurentii var. avescens or C. laurentii var. ho et al. (1993) conrmed magnus (Kurtzman, 1973). Gue this heterogeneity by sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region of the 26S rDNA. A nal strain, JCM 5945, isolated by Tokuoka et al. (1985) from a ower, was also included. This paper claries the taxonomic assignment of these strains.
Phylogenetic group I The phylogenetic relationships among C. laurentii strains used in this study are shown in Fig. 1. Strains JCM 9066T, CBS 318T, CBS 942T and JCM 9909 belong to phylogenetic group I. Bulleromyces albus Boekhout & A. Fonseca, Bullera hannae Hamamoto & Nakase, Bullera pseudoalba Nakase & Suzuki, Bullera penniseticola Takashima & Nakase and Bullera unica Hamamoto & Nakase were included in this cluster. The type strain of C. laurentii, JCM 9066T, clustered with CBS 2174 and CBS 8648, as shown previously (Sugita et al., 2000). Sequences of the ITS region and D1/D2 region of the 26S rDNA in CBS 2174 and CBS 8648 were identical, although three and one base differences, respectively, were detected between each of these two strains and JCM 9066T. Physiological and biochemical characteristics were almost the same among them. Based on these results, CBS 2174 and CBS 8648 were classied as C. laurentii. The type strain of Torula avescens, CBS 942T, belongs to phylogenetic group I and is thought to be distinct from C. laurentii. Torula avescens was described by Saito in 1922 and was transferred to the genus Torulopsis as Torulopsis avescens (Saito) Lodder in 1934, to Cryptococcus avescens (Saito) Skinner in 1950 and then to C. laurentii var. avescens (Saito) Lodder & Kreger-van Rij in 1952. Since the treatment by Rodrigues de Miranda (1984), this species has been viewed as a synonym of C. laurentii. As described previously, CBS 942T is distinct from C. laurentii based on sequence analyses. Strain CBS 8645, a clinical isolate, and Cryptococcus nodaensis G60 showed high sequence similarity to CBS 942T (99?1 % for the D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA and 100 % for overall ITS region) (Sugita et al., 2000). It has been stated previously that CBS 942 and CBS 8645 are the same species as C. nodaensis; however, C. nodaensis is a nomen invalidum because no Latin description has been given (Sato et al., 1999). CBS 8645 was identied as C. avescens. The ITS sequences of JCM 9909, 9910, 9911 and 9912, and the D1/D2 region of JCM 9909 were identical to those of C. avescens CBS 942T. The four former strains were isolated from wheat or corn and their mating was observed by Kurtzman (1973). Although these strains were reported to represent an anamorphic species because the complete life cycle was not determined, it is assumed that some morphological characteristics are similar to those of Bulleromyces albus. When the complete life cycle of these strains is observed, it will be described as a teleomorph of C. avescens. In this paper, these strains have been identied as C. avescens based on the results of sequencing analyses and physiological and biochemical properties. The type strain of Torula aurea, CBS 318T, belongs to phylogenetic group I and is thought to be distinct from C. laurentii and C. avescens. Torula aurea was described by Saito in 1922, was transferred to Chromotorula aurea by F. C.
Yeast strains. The strains used in this study are listed in Table 1.
They were stock cultures identied as C. laurentii in the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS) and the Japan Collection of Microorganisms (JCM).
Morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics.
Most of the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics were examined according to the methods of Yarrow (1998). The assimilation of nitrogen compounds was investigated on solid media using starved inoculum. Vitamin requirements were determined by the method of Komagata & Nakase (1967). The maximum growth temperature was determined in YM broth (Difco) using thermoregulated metal block heaters.
were harvested in the exponential growth phase and then washed with distilled water and freeze-dried. Isolation and purication of nuclear DNA were done according to Takashima & Nakase (2000). The DNA base composition was determined by HPLC after enzymic digestion of DNA to deoxyribonucleosides as described by Tamaoka & Komagata (1984). The DNA-GC kit (Yamasa Shoyu) was used as the quantitative standard.
Palm wine; type strain of Torula laurentii Kufferath Tumour Lung Atmosphere; type strain of Torula aurea Saito Flower Atmosphere; type strain of Torula avescens Saito Wheat Wheat Wheat Wheat Cerebrospinal uid of male AIDS patient with meningitis Muscatel grape; type strain of Torulopsis carnescens Verona & Luchetti Surface of shrimp; type strain of Rhodotorula peneaus Phaff et al. Bronchus of lung patient Sea water Associated with Arthrinium sp. on dead culm of Sasa Dead culm of bamboo with Arthrinium sp. Dead culm of bamboo with Arthrinium sp. Bamboo with Arthrinium sp.
*Data from: a, Yamada & Kondo (1973); b, Vancanneyt et al. (1994); c, Nakase & Komagata (1971); d, this study.
Fig. 1. Neighbour-joining tree of Cryptococcus laurentii and related species based on sequences of 18S rDNA (a) and the D1/D2 region of the 26S rDNA (b). Evolutionary distances were calculated according to Kimura (1980). Numbers at nodes represent percentages from 100 replicate bootstrap samplings (frequencies less than 50 % not shown). Sequences were retrieved from the DDBJ/GenBank/EMBL databases under the accession numbers indicated. Trichosporon ovoides was used as an outgroup.
Harrison in 1928 and then to Rhodotorula aurea by Lodder in 1934. Lodder & Kreger-van Rij (1952) considered this species to be a member of the C. laurentii complex. Phaff & Fell (1970) treated this species as a member of C. laurentii var. avescens. Since no strains have been reported to be phylogenetically close to this one, it has been described as Cryptococcus aureus comb. nov. in this paper. JCM 5945, which was isolated from a ower and identied as C. laurentii (Tokuoka et al., 1985), was reclassied as C. aureus based on identical ITS1 and ITS2 sequences and on physiological and biochemical properties.
Phylogenetic group II Phylogenetic group II consisted of CBS 973T, CBS 2409T, CBS 2993 and CBS 6578. Cryptococcus victoriae (Montes et al., 1999) also belongs to phylogenetic group II. This group constituted a cluster with Bullera globispora and C. dimennae in phylogenetic trees based on sequences of 18S rDNA and the D1/D2 region of the 26S rDNA. The type strain of Rhodotorula peneaus, CBS 2409T, which was described by Phaff et al. (1952) and placed in C. laurentii var.
the genus Cryptococcus, although they should be reclassied into other appropriate genera in the future because they are considerably phylogenetically distant from Cryptococcus neoformans (type species of the genus) (Fell et al., 2000; Takashima & Nakase, 1999).
Taxonomic treatment Cryptococcus laurentii (Kufferath) C. E. Skinner, in Am Midl Nat 43, 249 (1950). d Nat Brux ;Torula laurentii Kufferath, in Ann Soc R Sci Me 74, 45 (1920). ;Torulopsis laurentii (Kufferath) Lodder, in Verh K Ned Akad Wet Afd Natuurkd Sect II 32, 160 (1934). ;Rhodotorula laurentii (Kufferath) Hasegawa, Banno & Yamauchi, in J Gen Appl Microbiol 6, 212 (1960). Cryptococcus aureus (Saito) Takashima, Sugita, Shinoda & Nakase comb. nov. ;Torula aurea Saito, in Mitt Jpn J Bot 1, 44 (1922). ;Chromotorula aurea (Saito) F. C. Harrison, in Trans R Soc Can Sect V 22, 202 (1928). ;Rhodotorula aurea (Saito) Lodder, in Verh K Ned Akad Wet Afd Natuurkd Sect II 32, 125 (1934). Type strain: CBS 318T (=ATCC 32063T=IFO 0372T= NRRL Y-1582T). Cryptococcus avescens (Saito) C. E. Skinner (1950). ;Torula avescens Saito, in Mitt Jpn J Bot 1, 43 (1922). ;Torulopsis avescens (Saito) Lodder, in Verh K Ned Akad Wet Afd Natuurkd Sect II 32, 166 (1934). ;Cryptococcus laurentii (Kufferath) C. E. Skinner var. avescens (Saito) Lodder & Kreger-van Rij in The Yeasts, a Taxonomic Study, p. 381 (1952). Cryptococcus carnescens (Verona & Luchetti) Takashima, Sugita, Shinoda & Nakase comb. nov. ;Torulopsis carnescens Verona & Luchetti, in Boll Reg Inst Super Agrar Pisa 280 (1936). Type strain: CBS 973T (=ATCC 32064T=MUCL 30641T= NRRL Y-1503T). Cryptococcus peneaus (Phaff, Mrak & Williams) Takashima, Sugita, Shinoda & Nakase comb. nov. ;Rhodotorula peneaus Phaff, Mrak & Williams, in Mycologia 44, 438 (1952). Type strain: CBS 2409T (=ATCC 13546T=MUCL 30643T= NRRL Y-2005T).
The authors sincerely thank Dr G. Okada, Japan Collection of Microorganisms, for his contribution on the morphology of T. papilionaceus and Professor Emeritus Junta Sugiyama for making a taxonomic treatment in this paper.
edn, pp. 10881145. Edited by J. Lodder. Amsterdam: North Holland.
shrimp. Mycologia 44, 431451. tzing Rodrigues de Miranda, L. (1984). Genus 5. Cryptococcus Ku emend. Phaff et Spencer. In The Yeasts, a Taxonomic Study, 3rd edn, pp. 845872. Edited by N. J. W. Kreger-van Rij. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ber die atmospha rischen Saito, K. (1922). Untersuchungen u Pilzkeime. Mitt Jpn J Bot 1, 154.
The Yeasts, a Taxonomic Study, 4th edn, pp. 742767. Edited by C. P. Kurtzman & J. W. Fell. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4, 406 425.
determined by large-subunit rDNA D1/D2 domain sequence analysis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50, 13511371.
soil in Japan that produces a salt-tolerant and thermostable glutaminase. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 22, 127132.
approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39, 783791.
Phylogenetic relationships of Cryptococcus neoformans and some related basidiomycetous yeasts determined from partial large subunit rRNA sequences. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 63, 175189.
ships of members of the genera Taphrina, Protomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, and related taxa within the archiascomycetes: integrated analysis of genotypic and phenotypic characters. Mycoscience 38, 267280.
Soc Can Sect V 22, 187225.
Cryptococcus or Torulopsis? Am Midl Nat 43, 242250.
on the genus Rhodotorula. J Gen Appl Microbiol 6, 196215.
rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16, 111120.
CUG codon and the molecular phylogeny of the genus Candida. Syst Appl Microbiol 22, 7986.
Sugita, T., Nishikawa, A., Ikeda, R. & Shinoda, T. (1999).
Identication of medically relevant Trichosporon species based on sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions and construction of a database for Trichosporon identication. J Clin Microbiol 37, 19851993.
sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions and 28S rRNA gene and taxonomic position of C. laurentii clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol 38, 14681471.
important ascomycetous yeasts based on nucleotide divergence in the 59 end of the large-subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA gene. J Clin Microbiol 35, 12161223. lfte. Verh K Lodder, J. (1934). Die anaskosporegenen Hefen, I. Ha Ned Akad Wet Afd Natuurkd Sect II 32, 1256.
genus Cryptococcus and related species based on the sequences of 18S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer regions. Microbiol Cult Coll 15, 3547.
genus Sporobolomyces isolated from leaves in Thailand. Mycoscience 41, 6577.
of a wide range of medically important fungi by polymerase chain reaction. J Med Microbiol 40, 358364.
composition by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. FEMS Microbiol Lett 25, 125128.
taxonomy of a novel yeast isolated from Antarctic environment; description of Cryptococcus victoriae sp. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 22, 97105.
improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specic gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22, 46734680.
Tokuoka, K., Ishitani, T., Goto, S. & Komagata, K. (1985).
composition in the classication of yeast genus Candida. J Gen Appl Microbiol 17, 121130.
Identication of yeasts isolated from high-sugar foods. J Gen Appl Microbiol 31, 411427.
Verona, O. & Luchetti, G. (1936). Ricerche microbiologiche su di alcuni vini ed alcune uve delle marche. Boll Reg Inst Super Agrar Pisa 12, 256311.
the yeast-like genera Sporobolomyces and Rhodosporidium. J Gen Appl Microbiol 19, 5977.
Yarrow, D. (1998). Methods for the isolation, maintenance and identication of yeasts. In The Yeasts, a Taxonomic Study, 4th edn, pp. 77100. Edited by C. P. Kurtzman & J. W. Fell. Amsterdam: Elsevier.


What are the ramifications of everyone's Right to Keep and Bear Arms??
Today I will do my very best to show you the ins & outs of the concept & practice of Red Flag Laws; the good & the bad. Then we can ask: At what cost is the pursuit of safety & security? How far have we come? How far will we go? What are the REAL solutions?
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Thank you for visiting my blog Melanie. Your writing is important and well written. I felt the chaos as I read, I nodded here and there, 'yes I know that'. I have been married only 3.5 years to my husband and already I don't want to be touched. My brain cannot cope with it. I too need space and silence to just cope with everyday things.
I will try and stay positive on my journey, reaching out to anyone and everyone who will listen – "hey you there, listen to me, learn, build me into your thinking and one day you might be grateful you did". I can but hope, but if we all try to tell our stories maybe living with this disease may not be such a terrifyingly hard place to be.


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Covid 19 & Business
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David Jones – Senior Partner
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HMRC Lose to Spurs in the Tax Tribunal Cup Final
by David Jones | Jul 21, 2016 | Payroll Services, Tax Investigations
A recent court case in which HMRC tackled Tottenham Hotspur and received the court equivalent of a red card, has implications for anyone made redundant, so read on,
In this case, HMRC tackled termination payments paid to former England striker Peter Crouch and Wilson Palacios. On transfer deadline day, August 2011, the pair were deemed surplus to requirements by Tottenham as the club sought to reduce its wage bill.
The Tribunal heard that Matthew Collecott, group operations and finance director of Tottenham, sent a text message to Melvyn Gandz, Crouch's accountant, stating that the forward would not form part of the 25-player squad eligible to play in Premier League matches.
As not playing for the remaining two years of his contract would have had an adverse effect on Crouch's career, he reluctantly agreed to a transfer to Stoke City. After negotiations involving Melvyn Gandz and Peter Crouch, Tottenham agreed to compensate the player for ending his contract early.
Midfielder Palacios, who had a further three years left to run on his contract, also joined Stoke on transfer deadline day, and was given a contract termination payment of £1.5m by Spurs, the judge heard.
Relatively mundane technical point
HMRC argued that the payments should be classed as earnings and therefore subject to Income Tax and NIC, but Tottenham claimed the money was compensation for ending the contracts by mutual consent.
At the heart of the case was a relatively mundane technical point, because the payments were in effect for the footballers not doing their jobs, rather than for doing them, Tottenham argued that because of this they were not from employment.
The Tribunal agreed with Tottenham's case, concluding that the payments did not derive 'from the players' employments and allowed their appeal.
Relatively uncommon
Arrangements where footballers are paid to leave their club are relatively uncommon – they often receive a signing-on fee but not a 'signing-off' fee and I am not aware of any other ongoing cases of this nature.
HMRC has not commented on whether it will appeal the decision, and while it is somewhat unusual for them not to appeal when they have lost, as the point on which the case was won is relatively straightforward, the Revenue may decide to call full-time on it.
Possible precedent created
In terms of the future, this case has the distinct possibility of being used as a precedent in other arrangements. It is however worth remembering that the principle involved doesn't just apply to footballers; it can potentially apply to everybody who is paid to leave employment.
The particular clause that caused the Revenue to argue the point here, a clause that said that the contract had to be terminated by mutual agreement, is common in footballers' contracts, but not typically seen in employment contracts.
As the case revolved around footballers being paid by their clubs to depart, this reduces the scope for it having a broad application, which means that HMRC are unlikely to be caught out by this particular offside trap on a regular basis.
Redundancy payments
However, if companies up and down the land decide to insert a clause covering employees leaving an employer by mutual consent into standard contracts of employment, this could have significant effect on redundancy payments.
You can get all out of shape with the regulations
At present, the law says that a redundancy payment can be tax free up to a maximum of £30,000. However, if you receive any of the following:
pay in lieu of notice
wages owing
retention of company car, computer etcetera
There's a high probability they won't have had tax taken off and the bad news is, they will be subject to Income Tax (at your highest rate) and NIC, whatever your redundancy payment.
So if your employer will agree to inserting the required clause into your contact and agrees that should it arise, then redundancy will be by mutual consent with everything rolled up into one seamless contract termination payment, you will pay not one penny in tax, whatever the size of the cheque.
If you would like more detailed information on some aspect of UK Tax, send me an e-mail and I'll be pleased to advise further.
Find Out The Careless Taxpayer Error that will have HMRC Fining You
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Stamp Duty Land Tax
About David Jones
David Jones is the Senior Partner and Founder of Morgan Jones & Company. Born in Liverpool and an Accountancy graduate of the University of Wolverhampton, David spent twenty years working for the Customs & Excise in London then Shrewsbury before starting his own business. David's depth of knowledge of the UK tax system and his ability to communicate this learning has seen Morgan Jones & Company grow into Shropshire's most respected Accountancy Practice. Email David
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Through EU policy, legislation and strategies the EU has set itself the goal of becoming a climate-resilient society by 2050, fully adapted to the unavoidable impacts of climate change.
Anticipating adverse effects of climate change and acting to prevent or minimise damage, while exploiting potential opportunities.
Causes and consequences of climate change
How and why climate change is occurring and its global impact.
Effort sharing
Greenhouse gas emission targets for EU countries for sectors not included in the EU ETS, such as agriculture, buildings and transport.
Emissions monitoring and reporting
Monitoring and reporting of EU greenhouse gas emissions, progress made in reducing emissions.
EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from power stations, industrial plants and flights within the EU.
Reducing emissions of fluorinated greenhouse gases in the EU and globally.
EU funding for climate action, integration of climate issues into EU policies and programmes.
Paris Agreement and worldwide action on climate change.
Land-based emissions
Greenhouse gas emissions and removals from land use, land use change and forestry.
Low carbon innovation
EU initiatives to support low carbon innovation, such as renewable energy technologies and carbon capture and storage (CCS).
Reducing the use of ozone-depleting substances in the EU and globally.
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from road transport, shipping and aviation.
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Delhi, 12th April 2019: CHARLES & Keith hosted a special preview of their spring summer collection at Select CITYWALK in Delhi. Malvika S Kaura, a well-known socialite, fashion designer, and image consultant hosted a Sundowner to celebrate the launch of the CHARLES & KEITH Spring Summer Collection. The event was attended by the city's fashionistas and ace Fashion BloggersSaloniSehra, Malvika Gupta, Himanshi Goel, Srish, Amy Chabbra, Pooja Mittal and Cherry Jainall coming together for an evening of revelry to handpick their favorites.
The new Spring Summer collection 'Summer Daze', is based on playful optimism, suited to this time of the year. The collection brings the season's most desirable fashion pieces to life through vibrant colors, quirky graphic patterns, and bold shapes. This season, trendy and fashionable heels in punchy color combinations and fresh prints, effortlessly takes the new CHARLES & KEITH staples from easy breezy daytime looks to sultry, balmy evening ensembles.
Textures play a vital role in this collection and can be seen in the intricately-crafted crochet details; floral embellishments; printed jacquard; gothic-inspired guipure lace; perforation; sequins; laser-cuts; whipstitch trims; and raffia weave patterns. The sky's the limit when it comes to the use of colors as the collection offers everything from warm neutral tones and color blocking to upbeat pastel hues and brilliant golds.
Shoes: Pointed Heel Sling back Heel, Classic Pointed Pumps, Square Toe Heeled Mules, Ankle Strap Heeled Sandals, Square Toe Ballerinas, Ankle Strap Heeled Sandals, V Top Slip On Flats, Leather Balloon Heel Sandals, Ankle Strap Heeled Sandals, Buckle Detail Sliders, Square Toe Heeled Mules, Square Toe Pumps, Buckle Detail Slip-on Heels, Classic Pointed Pumps, Classic Sliders, Sequin Derby Shoes, Leather Balloon Heel Slingback Heels.
Celebrate new beginnings and festivities with the newly launched capsule of fashion-forward bags, heels, flats, and accessories that make the right impression in style.


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What Is an Anecdote, and How Do You Write One?
Matt Ellis
Updated on April 8, 2022Writing Tips
An anecdote is a quick story about something of interest, usually with a singular theme or lesson. Anecdotes are no different than the stories told among friends, but when they're used in literature, they can accomplish more than merely passing the time.
Below we discuss what anecdotes are and how to use them. We'll share some famous anecdote examples and explain how to write your own. But first, let's begin with a definitive anecdote explanation.
Take your writing to the next level
What is an anecdote?
An anecdote is simply a story that's short and self-contained. Most anecdotes revolve around a central theme or event without too much complexity. Anecdotes can be true or fictional (or somewhere in between when it comes to exaggeration), and their tone can range from serious warnings to lighthearted jokes. Unlike other narratives, most anecdotes tend to focus exclusively on a single character.
What is the purpose of anecdotes?
Anecdotes take on a deeper purpose when used as literary devices in both fiction and nonfiction writing. For example, some anecdotes describe a character in a way that wouldn't fit the main narrative, giving the reader a better understanding of their background or motives. Anecdotes can also be used to slow the pacing or fill in gaps within the core storyline.
Good anecdotes take advantage of rhetoric, or the specific language used to tell them. A humorous anecdote might make use of slang or profanity to make it even funnier, while an inspirational anecdote might use sentimental language to tug at the heartstrings of the reader or listener. In this sense, anecdotes and rhetoric work hand in hand toward the same goal, depending on the type of anecdote it is.
Types of anecdotes
The purpose of anecdotes depends on the type. While there are no formal categories, here are some of the most common types, along with some famous anecdotes for examples.
Cautionary
Because they're quick and focused, anecdotes are a good medium for short stories that teach a lesson. These "cautionary tales" often involve characters with some flaw or poor judgment, resulting in punishment or negative consequences. As with historical myths, religious parables, and fairy tales, the idea is to encourage people to do the right thing by showing the potential harm if they don't.
Cautionary anecdote example
Many Greek myths, such as the tale of Icarus, are anecdotes with a lesson or moral.
In the tale of Icarus, the engineer Daedalus builds machine wings made of wax so that he and his son Icarus can escape prison. The plan works, although Daedalus warns Icarus not to fly too close to the sun or the wax will melt. Icarus is taken by the thrill of flying and ignores his father's advice—his wings melt after he flies too high, and he falls into the ocean.
The moral of the story is not to let your ambitions exceed your capabilities. That's why, even today, you hear people advise those with lofty goals not to "fly too close to the sun."
Characterizing
Anecdotes are commonly used in literature to flesh out characters, showing sides of their personality or events from their past that aren't part of the main narrative. This approach is also used in real life, often with celebrities and historical figures, to highlight certain virtues or attributes.
Characterizing anecdote example
Most American schoolchildren know this anecdote about George Washington, the first US president.
As the story goes, when George Washington was a child he cut down a cherry tree without permission. When his father saw the fallen tree and asked who did it, George famously replied, "I cannot tell a lie" and confessed.
Although almost certainly not true, this story acts to emphasize Washington's honesty. Anecdotes like this enforce certain ideals in individuals, in this case to accent the virtues of an important cultural figure.
Anecdotes originated as stories told in social situations to entertain each other. In this sense, jokes with involved narratives can be considered anecdotes. Humorous anecdotes can also be used as literary devices to lighten the mood after a dramatic plot point or otherwise give readers and audiences a small break from the main story.
Humorous anecdote example
In the Stephen King short story The Body, as well as its movie adaptation Stand by Me, a group of preteens goes on an adventure through the woods. One night while camping, the protagonist—a fledgling writer—tells the other boys an elaborate and fictional anecdote over the campfire to pass the time.
The anecdote, titled "The Revenge of Lard Ass Hogan," is written in its entirety, making it a story within a story. Technically it's unnecessary to the plot, but nonetheless it remains one of the most memorable parts of both the short story and the movie thanks to its humor.
An effective tactic for both persuasive and emotional writing, inspirational anecdotes aim to elicit certain feelings in the reader. Inspirational anecdotes tend to focus on dramatic events by everyday people that the reader or listener can identify with. Inspirational anecdotes are a common tactic of speechwriters, in particular for speeches by politicians, as a way to win over the crowd emotionally.
Inspirational anecdote example
In a 1965 magazine interview, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was asked if he ever succumbed to the pressures of his position as a civil rights leader. He replied to the question with an inspirational anecdote:
I never will forget a moment in Birmingham when a white policeman accosted a little Negro girl, seven or eight years old, who was walking in a demonstration with her mother. "What do you want?" the policeman asked her gruffly, and the little girl looked him straight in the eye and answered, "Fee-dom." She couldn't even pronounce it, but she knew. It was beautiful! Many times when I have been in sorely trying situations, the memory of that little one has come into my mind, and has buoyed me.
This touching anecdote draws on childlike innocence to invoke an emotional response—not just in the reader but also in King himself, as he admits.
Reminiscent
Some anecdotes tend to dwell on the past, especially on aspects of the world that have changed and no longer exist. These reminiscent anecdotes sometimes conjure a sense of nostalgia or longing for the past to create an idyllic version. While less common, some reminiscent anecdotes can reflect the negative aspects of the past, painting a much more melancholic picture.
Reminiscent anecdote example
Reminiscent anecdotes are popular in essay writing, where the author relates true stories from their childhood or young years. Humorist and author David Sedaris often recounts his youth as a gay teenager in a conservative town, with different chapters of his books or complete essays consisting of independent anecdotes. In his short story "Let It Snow," Sedaris recalls a time when his mother forced him and his siblings out of the house after school was canceled due to snow. They were only allowed back home after one of the children lay down in the path of traffic in an attempt to get their mother's attention.
How to write an anecdote and when to use one
If you already know how to write a short story, writing an anecdote follows the same formula—just shorter. Let's take a look at some of the specific aspects of writing anecdotes.
How to structure an anecdote
Typically, anecdotes are structured just like any other narrative, with a beginning, middle, and end. In the beginning, you introduce your characters and themes, in the middle you present the action or conflict of the story, and in the end you conclude the action and wrap everything up.
While anecdotes use the same structures as other stories, keep in mind that everything is much more succinct. By definition, anecdotes are quick and simple, so their structure usually involves a faster pace with fewer details.
What to include in an anecdote
Because they're supposed to be short, anecdotes usually revolve around one central character, with little information given on secondary characters. Likewise, the plots are also simplified, usually focusing on only a single conflict or theme without getting too complicated.
As mentioned above, anecdotes mostly rely on rhetoric to set the right mood. Pay close attention to the language you use when writing your anecdote and make sure it fits the tone you're going for.
The specifics to include in each anecdote depend on the type. For example, a humorous anecdote might include a punchline or funny twist at the end, whereas a cautionary anecdote would use a moral or lesson. Feel free to tackle multiple types in the same anecdote, such as a reminiscent anecdote that's also inspiring—just make sure it doesn't get too complex.
When to use an anecdote in your writing
Anecdotes are by no means necessary, so don't feel you have to force one into your writing. That said, under certain circumstances, they can be the perfect tool to accomplish your goal.
Basically, anecdotes work best when you need to deviate from the main narrative. Sometimes writers need to say something that doesn't directly fit into the main flow of ideas, such as secondary or supplemental information. However, because anecdotes are mostly tangential, be careful about using them to disclose crucial details.
Writers can also use anecdotes to temporarily pause the main narrative and give readers a small break. These anecdotes can separate sections of the writing with more fluidity, rather than using direct interruptions like a chapter break, and can naturally transition from one topic to another.
Anecdote FAQs
An anecdote is a short, self-contained story that usually highlights one particular theme, lesson, or aspect of a person's character. Anecdotes can be true or fictional and can exist independently or be embedded in a larger work.
What are the different kinds of anecdotes?
Although there is no formal grouping, anecdotes tend to fall into the categories of cautionary, characterizing, humorous, inspirational, and reminiscent. However, these are not mutually exclusive and can be blended together.
When should you use an anecdote in your writing?
In writing, anecdotes work best for tangential and secondary information that doesn't fit into the main narrative or flow. In some cases, especially with humorous anecdotes, they can provide a quick break from the central action and can be good for transitioning or sectioning off parts naturally.
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Jenny, the Healthy Darling, grew up in Silicon Valley, attended Dartmouth College, and now resides in Los Angeles. Jenny's enduring passion for desserts lead her to launch Dessert Darling, a guide to the best desserts in Los Angeles, NY, and N.California. One day Jenny came across Robyn Obrien's TED Talks video on GMOs which forever changed the way she views and relates to food. As Jenny fell down the rabbit's hole of nutritional information consuming books, documentaries, and news articles, she was also working for a hedge fund in Palo Alto that specializes in health care. Under the tutelage of her brilliant boss (hedge fund president and Stanford radiologist), Jenny's philosophies continued to crystalize.


This article was published in Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, Volume 13, Issue 3, Pages 155-159.
Sharma, Avadesh C. and Kulkarni, S. K., "Effects of MK-801 and ketamine on short-term memory deficits in passive avoidance step-down task paradigm in mice" (1991). PCOM Scholarly Papers. 985.


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Fifth Circuit Vindicates Rights of Jones Act Employers
MaritimeGlobal Trade, Transportation and Logistics
Matthew C. Guy
In Denetra Thomas v. Hercules Offshore Services, the Fifth Circuit held that a Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit ("MODU") was subject to United States Coast Guard ("USCG") Regulations not those of the Occupational Health and Safety Administration ("OSHA"), that a Jones Act seaman had presented no evidence of negligence or unseaworthiness when she tripped over a doorway threshold on a rig, and that willful concealment of prior injuries when she applied for employment meant that her employer was relieved of its maintenance and cure obligations.
The ruling shows that employers can successfully defend Jones Act claims when an employee fails to provide evidence of fault and that diligent investigation of prior injuries can relieve the employer of its maintenance and cure obligations.
Just Because a Seaman Is Injured, It Doesn't Mean There Is Liability
Denetra Thomas was employed by Hercules as a galleyhand on the HERCULES 264. She tripped over a raised doorway connecting her state room to the bathroom, allegedly injuring her back. Hercules began paying maintenance and cure but denied any negligence or unseaworthiness, noting that the raised doorway was compliant with USCG regulations. Investigations revealed that prior to her employment with Hercules, the plaintiff had sustained back and neck injuries, which she had failed to mention when applying for her employment with Hercules despite specific questions on these issues.
The district court granted Hercules' motions for summary judgment dismissing plaintiff's claims and held that Hercules was relieved of its maintenance and cure obligations under the McCorpendefense because of her willful concealment of prior injuries.
MODUs Are Covered by USCG Regulations
The Fifth Circuit first considered whether MODUs were regulated by the USCG or OSHA. The appellate court agreed with the district court that the USCG "has issued regulations with respect to the design and equipment of mobile offshore drilling units" and "was persuaded that the promulgation of these regulations constitutes an exercise of the Coast Guard's authority sufficient to preempt OSHA's regulations."
Seaman Needs More than Own Opinion to Establish Negligence or Unseaworthiness
Having found that USCG regulations preempted OSHA regulations, the Fifth Circuit found that any claim that the doorway violated OSHA regulations "falls under its own weight." The Fifth Circuit further held that when plaintiff had presented no evidence of violation of USCG regulations, no evidence of prior incidents of tripping on the doorway, and no expert evidence that the doorway was unsafe, plaintiff's negligence and unseaworthiness claims should be dismissed.
Even If a Seaman Passes the Pre-Employment Physical, Concealment of Prior Injuries May Still Relieve Employer of Maintenance and Cure Obligations
The plaintiff had been involved in two prior car accidents, both of which had resulted in injuries to her neck and back. Despite specific questions in the pre-employment physical questionnaire, she denied any prior back or neck injuries but still passed the physical testing. The Fifth Circuit analyzed the three prongs of the McCorpen defense: (1) that the plaintiff must be shown to have intentionally misrepresented or concealed material facts; (2) that this information was material in the hiring decision; and (3) the withheld information must be linked to the injury giving rise to the claim.
There was no dispute that the first prong of McCorpen had been met, but the plaintiff claimed that Hercules had not sufficiently proved that the information was material given that she had passed the physical and that the injury giving rise to the claim was not related to the prior injuries. Rejecting these arguments, the Fifth Circuit agreed with the district court that the fact the plaintiff could pass the physical was irrelevant to the materiality of the prior injuries and that the fact the prior injuries both generally in the same body area was sufficient to meet the third prong of McCorpen. Accordingly, Hercules was relieved of its maintenance and cure obligations.
Jones Act Employers Can Defend Claims on Both Liability and Maintenance and Cure
The Fifth Circuit's decision that USCG regulations apply to MODUs assists Jones Act employers in knowing what standards apply to their rigs. Jones Act employers are understandably nervous when faced with negligence and unseaworthiness claims, given the easier burden of proof a seaman has to establish fault. Similarly, failure to pay maintenance and cure can trigger claims for punitive damages, meaning that prudent employers err on the side of caution.
However, the Fifth Circuit's opinion in Thomas, makes clear that injured seamen still need more than an injury and their own opinion that the employer was at fault to establish liability. The Jones Act employer generally has to pay maintenance and cure even when there is no evidence of fault. But the Fifth Circuit's decision is a useful reminder that such obligation ceases when the injured seaman willfully concealed prior injuries when applying for the job even if the seaman can pass the pre-employment physical. Diligent investigation as to whether there were such prior injuries can pay off, as was the case here.


I recently-ish decided to chop all my hair off and go a little bit darker for the season. I was terrified to cut off 8+ inches...but got inspired to try a lob look. I was completely at a loss on how to style it, but like a fairy godmother, my sweet friend Nadia offered to give me a lesson!
Spray a root lifter in your hair and blow dry your hair using a large round brush.
After your hair is all curled, mix some smoothing cream with a tiny bit of water based hair paste, warm it up in your palms, and run your fingers through you hair to create a pretty, undone texture. Ta-Da!
We decided to add a waterfall braid to my hair. You basically french braid, but instead of crossing over the right strand as you normally would, you drop it down and pick up a new piece of hair to replace it. A great and detailed tutorial on how to do this by Missy Sue can be found here.
We waterfall braided both sides and pinned the ends together to make it look like one continuous piece.
I sprayed everything lightly with this hairspray to hold it all in place!
Nadia offers at-home blowouts and styling all around Orange County! She came totally prepared to my place and made me feel like a princess! It was such a fun and luxurious experience, and all I had to do was roll out of bed. Check out her instagram @blowyoubeautiful! Message her the next time you need some pampering. All my readers who mention the blog will get special pricing!
Message me if you have any questions or if you need me to help you get an appointment with Nadia. Have a great week loves!


This is my style of a classic choppper headlight, using a 55mm Hella lens and sporting the brightest of twin filament bulbs or 24 LED bulb.
The OD is a dot over 70mm at is face tapering down to 63mm with the housing at 82mm front to back.
The polished 316 stainless bezel oozes style and beats chrome hands down, designed to run solo or in killer dual set up it commands your attention.


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2007 MOTOR SHOW ESSEN
Kurt Ahrens and Hans Herrmann, talking to Carlos Ghys.
The racing career of Herrmann, who is a baker by trade, spans from cooperation with pre-war legends like Alfred Neubauer to the beginning of the dominance of Porsche at the 24 Hours of Le Mans. He started at races like Mille Miglia, Targa Florio and Carrera Panamericana and is one of the few remaining witnesses of this era. Hans im Gl�ck (lucky John) escaped from several spectacular incidents or accidents. Herrmann had a remarkable Mille Miglia race in 1954, when the gates of a railroad crossing were lowered in the last moment before the fast train to Rome passed. Driving a very low Porsche 550 Spyder, Herrmann decided it was too late for a brake attempt anyway, knocked on the back of the helmet of his navigator Herbert Linge to make him duck, and they barely passed below the gates and before the train, to the surprise of the spectators. He was less lucky in 1955 with the Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR as he had to abandon the race. From 1954 to 1955, he was part of the Mercedes-Benz factory team, as a junior driver behind Juan Manuel Fangio, Karl Kling, Hermann Lang and later Stirling Moss. When the Silver Arrows came back for the 1954 French Grand Prix to score a 1-2 win, Herrmann drove the fasted lap but had to retire. A podium finish at the 1954 Swiss Grand Prix was his best result in that year as he had to use older versions of the Mercedes-Benz W196, or the least reliable car. In the 1955 Argentine Grand Prix his team mates Kling and Moss had to abandon early due to the extremly hot conditions on the southern hemisphere in January. Herrmann was called in to share his car with them for a 4th place finish, giving one point each. Fangio won with two laps more. A crash in practise for the 1955 Monaco Grand Prix put Herrmann out for this ill-fated season. The next years saw Herrmann racing for many marques, in F1 for Cooper, Maserati an BRM. In Berlin's AVUS during the 1959 German Grand Prix the brakes of his BRM failed, he crashed in a spectacular way, being thrown out of the car and sliding along the track with the car somersaulting in the air. With different versions of the Porsche 718 being used as a sportscar and as Formula 2, Herrmann scored some wins for Porsche, mainly both the 1960 12 Hours of Sebring and Targa Florio. When it was turned into a Formula 1 in 1961 due to the rule changes, the results in F1 were disappointing. Herrmann left Porsche at the beginning of the 1962 season feeling that he as a local from Stuttgart was not treated equal compared to Californian Dan Gurney and 1959 GP-winner Jo Bonnier from Sweden. With the small italian Abarth, Herrmann spend 1962 to 1965 with minor races and hillclimbing, winning only lesser sports car racing events like eg. on the AVUS. In 1966 he returned to Porsche for a comeback in the World Sportscar Championship. Following several podium finishes with the still underpowered 2 Liter Porsche 906 and later models, he won the 1968 24 Hours of Daytona. The overall wins of the 1000km N�rburgring always went to team mates, even though Herrmann had taken part in each of these races at the N�rburgring since they were introduced in 1953. Herrmann missed the win in the 1969 24 Hours of Le Mans with a Porsche 908 by only 100 Meters, and it was him who scored the long-awaited first overall victory at the Le Mans 24 Hours for Porsche in 1970. In heavy rain, he and his team mate Richard Attwood survived with their Porsche 917K as the best of only 7 finishers. As promised to his wife before the race, the 42 year old immediatley retired, having witnessed fatal accidents of colleagues too many times, eg. before the 1969 German Grand Prix when his team mate and neighbor Gerhard Mitter died.
2007 Hotel BREDENEY-ESSEN
Kurt Ahrens, Hans Herrmann and Carlos Ghys, posing with their wifes.
Kurt Ahrens and Hans Herrmann signing autographs.
My brother Luc, talking to Hans Herrmann.


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Thermal, Indio, La Quinta, Palm Desert, Rancho Mirage
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Top Coachella Child Support Lawyers - California
Nearby Cities: Thermal, Indio, La Quinta, Palm Desert, Rancho Mirage
Cullen, Murphy & Naples
Child Support Lawyers Serving Coachella, CA (Riverside, CA)
Quality Representation Regarding Divorce, Custody, Support & Property ................
Riverside, California, Family Lawyer Family Law is a broad legal term with deeply personal and life-long implications for every individual associated with a Family Law matter. At the Law Office of Heather M. Cullen, we represent family members at a time of turmoil and high emotional stress, and we see our role as that of a guide, helping our clients through the legal steps in a difficult and...
Andrew Westover
Child Support Lawyers Serving Coachella, CA (Murrieta, CA)
An award winning family law firm representing families throughout South Riverside County
La Quinta Law Group
Child Support Lawyers Serving Coachella, CA (La Quinta)
I am family law and criminal defense attorney Timothy L. Ewanyshyn, founder of La Quinta Law Group in La Quinta, California. Empowering and educating my clients is one my main goals. Understanding the law is the first step toward having power under the law. I believe in taking the time to educate my clients about their options, the likelihood of those options succeeding and the impact their...
Law Offices of William Edgar
Child Support Lawyers Serving Coachella, CA (Palm Desert)
If you live in Riverside County or any of the surrounding areas, and you are going through a divorce or have some other serious family law matter you need to address, you can turn to the attorneys at the Law Offices of H. William Edgar for the quality, personalized representation and support you deserve. Since we began our practice in 2004, we have become one of the region's leading law firms for...
The Mack Law Offices
The Mack Law Offices is by design a small firm providing a personalized approach to professional legal services in Family Law, Bankruptcy and Breach of Contract matters. The firm has received the highest rating (AV) for professional and ethical standards by Martindale-Hubbell, the authoritative resource for information on the worldwide legal profession. Mr. Mack is retired from the bench as a...
Holstrom, Block & Parke APLC
Child Support Lawyers Serving Coachella, CA (Murrieta)
Quality Family Law, Estate Planning And Appellate Representation With six office locations throughout Southern California, the law firm Holstrom, Block & Parke APLC is one of the largest and most respected legal practices in the region devoted to family law, estate planning and appellate law. Serving All Of Southern California From our office in Murrieta, California, the attorneys at our law...
Child Support Lawyers Serving Coachella, CA (Temecula)
Family Law Matters
Your life has been turned upside down. You are scared. You have lots of questions, and your future is uncertain. You need to know what is going to happen to your children, how are you going to survive financially, and what is going to happen to your home. You need to be able to plan your future. You need answers to difficult questions. You need someone on your side who will guide you through this...
Devoted to helping you with all of the important and pressing legal issues affecting your family, the attorneys at the Law Offices of H. William Edgar in Temecula, California, are here to provide the quality, personalized representation you need for all your legal matters involving your divorce or other serious family law challenges. Originally established in 2004 by experienced family law...
Westover Law Group
Bawden & Kochis
Child Support Lawyers Serving Coachella, CA (Redlands)
California family law is complex. When you are facing divorce, child custody issues and other family-related legal matters, the right lawyer can make all the difference in your case. Get Help From A Certified Family Law Specialist At the Redlands law firm of Bawden & Kochis, we will apply more than 40 years of family law experience to help you pursue a positive outcome. Our founding attorney...
Bowler and Bowler
Albrecht & Albrecht Law
Focusing our practice on family law at the law firm of Albrecht & Albrecht, we proudly serve people in Murrieta, California, as well as in Temecula and throughout Riverside County. Passionate about helping our clients put the pieces of their lives back together so that they and their families can move forward, we are experienced in handling an array of complex matters, including divorce,...
Michael R. Young Divorce Law Firm
Compassionately Guiding Clients Through Difficult Moments Whether it is a dispute over child custody or a petition for dissolution or any family law issue could create concern. At the Michael R. Young Divorce Law Firm in Redlands, California, we make it a priority to put clients' minds at ease as they face some of the most stressful situations they may ever encounter. Our attorneys provide...
Law Office of Ronald L. Freeman
Child Support Lawyers Serving Coachella, CA (San Bernardino)
At the Law Office of Ronald L. Freeman in San Bernardino, California, my firm focuses on three areas of the law: criminal defense, family law and immigration. I am dedicated and strongly committed to protecting the rights of Southern Californians in Orange, Riverside, San Bernardo and San Diego counties and throughout the Inland Empire. I firmly believe that each of my clients deserves my respect,...
Granowitz White & Weber Attorneys at Law
Guiding people in the San Bernardino area in California through some of the most difficult legal situations in their lives, we provide skillful and dedicated legal services at Granowitz White & Weber, Attorneys at Law. Our law firm represents employees, employers, individuals, families, business owners and property owners throughout San Bernardino and Riverside Counties. Through our...
Moreno and Associates Attorneys At Law
Child Support Lawyers Serving Coachella, CA (Vista)
Located in Vista, California, the Law Offices of Moreno and Associates provides exceptional representation in a variety of practice areas that affect our clients' lives, families and freedom the most. Serving a diverse range of clients throughout San Diego County and across the globe since 1984, the attorneys at our law firm possess decades of combined legal experience, and we have achieved...
Law Office of Ralph L. Williams
Ralph L. Williams is a graduate of the University of Utah College of Law. Mr. Williams has been licensed to practice law in the State of California since June 1971. Mr. Williams is also admitted to practice in the United States District Court for both the Southern and Central Districts of California. Mr. Williams served in the United States Marine Corps as a Judge Advocate from 1968 to 1971. Mr....
Serving You And Your Family In San Diego From our office in Vista, California, the attorneys at the Holstrom, Block & Parke APLC law firm serve clients throughout San Diego County and the surrounding areas who have legal needs related to family law, estate planning and appeals. Well-Respected In Our Community With six office locations throughout Southern California, our law firm is one of the...
Cage & Miles
Child Support Lawyers Serving Coachella, CA (San Diego)
Jaime N. Cage and Shannon B. Miles are the founders of our San Diego family law office, Cage & Miles, LLP. Our attorneys established our firm with the goal of creating a new kind of firm that utilizes technology and modern legal methods to minimize the cost of legal services. Our novel approach has met with resounding success as clients from San Diego, Poway, Rancho Bernardo, Escondido, 4S...
Milligan, Beswick, Levine, Knox, LLP.
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∞ • ο • ∞ SHELLEY BONIS ∞ • ο • ∞
BIRTHDAY: March 28
GREW UP IN: Brooklyn, NY
APPEARANCES: August 65 - September 65
SHELLEY BONIS was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York and as a teenager moved to California with her parents when her father became actor Danny Kaye's manager.
Before she was old enough to work on teen dance shows or nightclubs, SHELLEY taught the latest dance moves at private parties. She probably had the most extensive teen dance show resume of any of the GAZZARRI ladies. After turning 18, she danced on the pilots for WAY OUT and Dick Clark's WHERE THE ACTION IS. Dick Clark's people recruited her while she was dancing at Ciro's on Sunset Strip where the Byrds were performing. After coming off the road from a SHINDIG tour, producer AL BURTON hired her as a GAZZARRI DANCER. Her first appearance was on episode # 33.
After the departure of OSCAR WILLIAMS as HOLLYWOOD A GO-GO choreographer, SHELLEY was the first of the dancers to step into his position. SHELLEY is visible on many videos from the show and you can check her out on the Joey Paige performance of "Dream For Sale" and on the Bo Diddley "Let Me Pass" video. SHELLEY is easy to spot in the videos. She is the only GAZZARRI with the distinctively short hair. Her time as choreographer was short. She tried to bring two non-white dancers on to the show, was rebuffed by KHJ, and as a result left the show after either episode # 40 or # 41.
Although SHELLEY doesn't appear on the classic Bobby Fuller 4 "I Fought the Law" HOLLYWOOD A GO-GO performance, she did have a close association with the band. She worked with them when they were the house band in a club called The Cave located in the Ambassador Hotel. The hotel also had a Las Vegas-style show room called Coconut Grove which featured big acts like Barbara Streisand and Johnny Mathis. Many of the Hollywood producers, agents, and managers would stop at The Cave before going to a Grove show and Bobby and Shelley got numerous bookings at Hollywood parties from this exposure. No doubt due to her father's close association with Danny Kaye, she did a featured television appearance with Bobby Fuller on the DANNY KAYE SHOW.
As interesting as her life was up until this point, it got more interesting in the late 1960's. SHELLEY was married to comedian Richard Pryor from 1967 to 1970. Their daughter, Rain Pryor, went on to be a regular on the ABC hit series HEAD OF THE CLASS and starred in the SHOWTIME series RUDE AWAKENING. Rain is also an author and the creator of the award-winning one-woman show based on her life, FRIED CHICKEN AND LATKAS. SHELLEY danced for several more years. She then changed careers to work as a circus clown, becoming the first woman hired for that role at Circus Vargas. She also changed the spelling of her last name from Bonis to Bonus "because she just had to be different", as her daughter relates.
In the boldest career move of any of the GAZZARRI ladies, SHELLEY tells us in her own words why she made the transition from go-go dancer/flower child/social activist to professional astronomer: "... I was always fascinated with trying to understand what I was looking at, when I was looking up at the sky. At the urging of my mentor, the filmmaker Melvin Van Peebles, I went back to school and became an astronomer". Today she is highly respected in her field and working in southern California at the Mt. Wilson Observatory 60-inch telescope where she is currently the Session Director. She has earned numerous accolades as an astronomical historian and lecturer and has taught on the subject at UCLA.
In 1981 famed comet hunter, Carolyn Shoemaker, discovered an asteroid, subsequentally named 10028. Recently it was renamed "Bonus 10028" by the International Astronomical Union in honor of SHELLEY'S work in the field.
SHELLEY is the creator of the "Janet Planet Planetarium Show" and the "Blast Off with Space E. Tracy" show which are fun and fact filled productions for audiences of all ages about astronomy. You can find much more about her fascinating career by googling her name on the internet.
SHELLEY BONIS FILMOGRAPHY
1977 AMERICAN RASPBERRY as switchboard operator
1978 MOMENT BY MOMENT as Peg
2005 HOW TO EAT YOUR WATERMELON IN WHITE COMPANY as herself
2008 CONFESSIONSOFA EX-DOOFUS-ITCHYFOOTED MUTHA as French woman
1965 DANNY KAYE SHOW (03-31-65 episode) as watusi dancer
1975 SATURDAY NIGHT LIVE (12-13-75 episode) as herself
Both SHELLEY and producer AL BURTON left HOLLYWOOD A GO-GO in the autumn of 1965. AL then produced a TV pilot episode for a new musical variety/comedy show to be titled WAY OUT. HOLLYWOOD A GO-GO guest Joey Paige was slated to be the host and the Bees (from episode # 38) were to be the resident musical group. SHELLEY was to be one of the dancers. In the photo on the right you can see her with guest Ian Whitcomb. AL made full use of former guests from HOLLYWOOD A GO-GO. The show was scheduled to debut in April of 1966 but was never picked up by the networks at that time. Eventually the idea was used to create the famous LAUGH-IN, but by this time AL and all of the HOLLYWOOD A GO-GO associations with the show had moved on.
This photo of SHELLEY was taken in the 70's. Her hair is much longer than when she was a GAZZARRI DANCER.
SHELLEY appeared on SATURDAY NIGHT LIVE in 1975 under her then ex-husband's name as SHELLEY PRYOR. Richard hosted this episode and one of his stipulations was that SHELLEY be allowed to appear. She did a solo skit about carousel horses.
SHELLEY BONUS in her current day "Janet Planet" persona. Her shows have proven to be highly popular and have won numerous awards.
The 2006 photo below shows her preparing for one of her stargazing shows.


Our cat Chloe has been teaching us this lesson for more than 12 years. She always us to purr more and hiss less. She is always cuddly and upbeat. She never seems to be in a bad mood. So we thought we help share her love and great attitude with this purr more and hiss less cat whiskers sticker.
This sticker is cut from vinyl and comes in red, white, black, white reflective. Size 6 in x 3 in. Larger sizes available.


Santee does have a share of reasonable hotel accommodations: a 46-room Best Western, a 54-room Rodeway Inn, and a 57-room lodge at Carlton Oaks Country Club. It also has a campground with 300 hookups and 10 waterfront cabins at Santee Lakes. But it would also like something similar to the four-star Marriott that its neighbor, El Cajon, has opening early this year. That may be hard, however, for Santee to make happen.
HVS Consulting and Valuation, a hospitality industry consulting firm, was hired by the City of Santee last April to not only compile data, analyze market demand, and determine where a hotel could be situated in the city, but also whether a new hotel can be financially successful.
A hotel located within the proposed Carlton Oaks redevelopment project being considered by the owner of Carlton Oaks golf course (9200 block of Innwood Drive at Carlton Oaks).
Bursey said that the future development of the high-end multiplex cinema in Santee and the Karl Strauss Brewery near the Santee Town Center could be attractive to a future hotel developer.
Council member Rob McNellis, a real estate professional, asked Bursey what the typical process and scenario would reasonably be after publishing the final version of the report.
Bursey replied that he is aware that the Marriott hotel chain has expressed interest in developing a hotel in Santee. "It's a matter of speaking with a broker, speaking with developers, and gauging their interest level," he added. "First and foremost, from our perspective, [the question] is where a hotel can be built," he said, adding that some lots are no longer available.
The final version of the report is slated to be reviewed, finalized, and available for distribution by late January.


The actress also talks her Broadway role in "American Son" and why it has her scared (in a good way).
It was still reaching 83 degrees or so when Kerry Washington returned with her family to live in New York City earlier this year.
The Washington-Asomugha clan had moved back to the actress' hometown as she returned to Broadway to star in American Son. It's sure to be a success, especially with producers like Shonda Rhimes, Jada Pinkett Smith, Steve Stoute, Gabrielle Union-Wade and Dwyane Wade.
Washington told ESSENCE back in September that she was breezily "walking incognito through New York City" while chatting with us. The multitask is real for the mother of three.
In fact, the world seemed shocked recently when Washington identified herself as such with theories flying around that perhaps the ultra private actress had secretly birthed a third biological child without us being the wiser.
For a mother who hasn't shown fans a glimpse of her children (and remember when we missed her wedding?), if anyone could pull it off, surely it'd be Olivia Pope herself.
But in reality, Washington was just referring to her 2-year-old son; her 4-year-old daughter; and her 12-year-old step-daughter.
Washington doesn't even want to conjecture how her fame may affect her children.
Yup, we get it. But either way, we assume if Washington's children are anything like her, they'll be just fine navigating the blinding roads of fame.
Washington has become a pro at straddling the line between fame and privacy ever since making Thursday night TV a must-see with her iconic portrayal of Olivia Pope on Scandal. Washington is hoping to strike gold again in American Son, which opens Sunday at the Booth Theatre in New York City.
In the Kenny Leon-directed drama based on very current events, the actress stars opposite Steven Pasquale, as a mother desperately searching for her biracial son in a Florida police station.
Trial attorney Christopher Demos-Brown, who penned the 90-minute play, said he was inspired by the police-involved shootings of Tamir Rice, Eric Garner and Philando Castile.
Washington said reading the script had a "profound impact" on her.
Returning to Broadway was more than a homecoming for the New York City native: It's a return to her creative roots as well.
While she's still figuring out where to stand onstage and what will go in her dressing room, Washington said she welcomes getting used to the challenge of having an audience instead of cameras nearby.


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A small, partially gilded silver mug, made in Augsburg (Bavaria) between 1687 and 1691 by master goldsmith Paul Solanier. Placed on a circular base, its surface presents a repoussé decor of round or ovoid cupules on amati golden background. The doucine-shaped lid has the same decor with a small gilded and gilded handle at the top. A thumb rest with two volutes marks the start of the handle in curves and counter-curves.
The small size of this mug is due to its function of beer pint presented to the young mother after childbirth, for, according to tradition, to raise the milk. Hence the name of the mother-child.


Even the word "aromatherapy" is soothing. Here are some essential oils shown to ease stress. We have included rates to help with evaluations.
Potenize into a homeopathic solution of pure water and brandy in a dropper bottle. Use as written.
Check for need to balance norepinephrine — 11-82.
Check for need to balance noradrenaline — 11-82.
Check for need to balance melatonin — 11-82.
Potentize a clear quartz crystal with this program. Use as written for a complete program.