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Methodology Methodology
Best Master's in Health Sciences Degrees
Health and wellbeing are so important; being unhealthy makes all other aspects of our lives suffer. Thanks to scientific advancements, the health of the overall population has greatly improved in even the last half-century.
When people think about health and medicine, what usually comes to mind are doctors and surgeons who work in a typical doctor's office or hospital. However, there is so much more to the field of healthcare than just that. There are all the "behind the scenes" people who work on health policy, promotion, and education. One field that often overlaps with the others is the Health Sciences.
Health Science is the study of human health using various scientific approaches. Health Scientists look at policy, healthcare systems, and other subfields of health such as fitness and diet. This multidisciplinary field is complex. Health Sciences involves working with people and institutions, so students get the best of both worlds in this major. Curriculums will provide graduates with enough knowledge to obtain a mid-level position in a health institution.
What Master's in Health Sciences should you get?
The most common degree for this major is a Master of Science in Health Sciences. Other similar degrees will include Healthcare Administration, Public Health, or Health Promotion. While all degrees will cover similar skills and topics such as epidemiology or biostatistics, other majors are often considered sub-fields of Health Sciences. As many schools will offer multiple health-related majors, students should speak with a counselor before choosing which one is right for them.
As most Master's students are experienced professionals, an online program may be a better option for those with a busy schedule. While most of these programs here are on-campus, some are offered completely online or in a hybrid manner. Others, if not online, can be taken part-time. Sometimes classes may even be held in the evenings.
Interested in pursuing an online program? Check out our ranking of the 35 Best Online Health Sciences Degrees.
How much do people with a Master's in Health Sciences make?
PayScale says that the average salary of this degree holder is $77,000. The Bureau of Labor Statistics states that as of 2017, the median pay of health service managers is $98,350. It should be noted that although females make up the majority of this field, males typically have a higher earning potential over time.
Considering that the majority of jobs within the Health Sciences require a Master's degree, it can be said that this advanced degree definitely pays off. Jobs such as biostatisticians, senior administrators, or epidemiologists can all make six figures after several years of experience. Some factors to salary other than experience include location and type of institution.
What can you do with a Master's in Health Sciences?
Because the field of Health Sciences is so broad, there is no single career path. Jobs can be anywhere from working in a lab, to doing more scholarly research, to executing health awareness programs in the community. In general, someone with a Master's degree will be eligible for mid-level positions, oftentimes in management.
Some common paths include working in healthcare administration, epidemiology, pharmacy, occupational therapy, or biomedical engineering. Because there are some jobs that require working with patients versus others that work more "behind the scenes" with doctors, policymakers, and other professionals, people can really choose which job suits their personality. The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that health service manager jobs will increase 20 percent from 2016 to 2026.
What are the requirements for a Master's in Health Sciences?
Applicants will want to have a Bachelor's in a related health or science field, with a strong GPA of at least 3.0 out of a 4.0 scale. Many Master's degrees also want adults with at least a few years of work experience in a health field. A resume will often be required for submission along with the rest of the application materials. Those who have not had enough experience may be required to take a few extra courses. Submission of any Graduate Record Examination scores are also required.
During the program, students will be required to take several core courses along with electives. If students choose a specialization, those electives will be related to that. Students may also be able to take an internship for credit at a reputable institution. Lastly, to graduate many programs require a thesis or capstone project.
See our rankings methodology page.
College Choice Score: 100
Average Net Price: $12,363
The University of Utah, also referred to as the U, serves over 31,000 students from the undergraduate to doctoral level. Although it is a big institution, the university offers a low student-to-faculty ratio of 17:1. Its Master's of Health Science degree is located in the School of Medicine. The department of Biomedical Informatics was founded in 1964 and has some of the most outstanding programs of its kind in the world.
Learn both the technical and managerial skills in the health sciences through the MS in Biomedical Informatics degree. Students can choose from three tracks and practicums geared toward future career choice. As this is not a research-oriented program, students can focus on career-related skills.
Non-thesis
Tracks: Applied Clinical Informatics, Bioinformatics, Data Science
Application decision timeframe: 4-6 weeks
The University of Utah was the first school to offer a biomedical informatics department. Faculty are experienced in the industry and come from a diverse background.
College Choice Score: 96.10
Northwestern University has humble roots beginning in 1850 when nine men hoped to create an institute of higher education in the Northwest. Today the university has three major campuses, with its main one located in Evanston, Illinois. The U.S News & World Report ranks Northwestern the #10 best school in the nation.
Northwestern offers an MS degree in Health Services and Outcomes Research for future professionals and researchers. This degree can be completed on-campus or in its partially online hybrid format. It can also be taken part- or full-time. More features include:
Completion Time: One year (full-time) or two years (part-time)
Summer, fall, winter, and spring terms
Sample Courses: Applied Ethical Issues in Health Services Research, Intermediate Biostatistics, Capstone
Students can receive funding either in grants, scholarships, fellowships, or loans. Those who must travel outside of Chicago for quarterly sessions can earn a stipend up to $3,000 per year.
Average Net Price: $9,654
California State University – Long Beach was founded in 1949 in order to serve the growing Southern Los Angeles area. The campus is home to 84 buildings spread across 323 acres. One major campus landmark is the Walter Pyramid, a beautiful work of art in the northern part of the campus. CSULB's Master in Health Services degree is housed through the College of Health & Human Services, which has 11 departments and 17 graduate programs. The school is also proud to partner with many community businesses.
CSULB's Health Science Master of Public Health – Community Health Education degree is dedicated to developing future leaders who will increase health outcomes in urban communities. Students will receive excellent teaching, undergo meaningful research, and make an impact on the local population. Check out these key features:
College and private scholarships
Sample Courses: Principles of Epidemiology, Health Promotion and Risk Reduction, Theoretical Concepts and Issues in Health Science
Students can take an internship for credit in an approved health education institution.
Duke University is located in Durham, North Carolina. The university began as a small local school before the state's public school system was full established. Although it is not considered a religious school, Duke remains its historic affiliation with the United Methodist Church. Almost 9,000 graduate students are currently enrolled.
Duke's MS in Global Health degree is a well-rounded program designed for future researchers, policy makers, and managers. This interdisciplinary degree challenges health issues from a global perspective. Only 30-35 students participate in this program every session.
38 credit hours
10-week health research project and thesis
Research and travel opportunities
For those looking for a challenge, there is a dual J.D. – M.S. degree with the Duke Law School.
The Utah State University campus spans 400 acres in the city of Logan. Logan is characterized as a small college town with several outdoor activities and places to enjoy the local arts. The campus is located near two beautiful mountain ranges and provides a good balance for those wanting to experience nature but also live in a small city. In 2017, USU was ranked the #5 best public university in the country by the Washington Monthly.
Master's students can choose between a few programs offered through the Kinesiology and Health Science department: an MS in Health and Human Movement, Master of Public Health in Health Promotion, Master of Fitness Promotion, or Master of Education in Physical and Sport Education.
Practicum and internship experiences
Completion Time: minimum two years
Flexible schedule for working professionals
These degrees are ideal for candidates who already have some knowledge or experience in the field. For instance, those interested in the MS program should hold a related undergraduate degree.
University of Oklahoma-Health Sciences Center
Average Net Price: not reported
The University of Oklahoma is a public research institution. Its Master of Health Sciences degree is offered on the Health Sciences Center. This center combines research, technology, and health. About 4,000 students currently attend classes at this facility at both the undergraduate and graduate level. OUHSC is known for its clinical training, local company outreach, and for its outstanding programs.
Through the Health Sciences Center, students can receive their Master of Public Health in a variety of degrees. Generally, at least 44 major credits must be taken in each major. However, those who may be pursuing a dual degree in Social Work must take 84 credit hours. Below is a sample of degrees available:
Health Promotion Science
Health Administration & Policy
Participants will be certified in Public Health upon passing an exam.
The University of Central Florida is a bustling public research institution in Orlando. Other than its esteemed research and programs, UCF is known as a highly affordable school. In fact, 44 percent of its students graduate debt-free. In 2018, the university funded $183 million worth of research. In the coming years, the school plans on expanding, particularly through its new "Downtown," which will provide more programs.
UCF offers both an on-campus and online Master of Health Administration degree. There are two options: a track in Health Services Administration or Executive Health Services Administration. The latter is a more professional program aimed at those who already have at least three years of experience. Some special features about this program include:
Best-value school according to the Princeton Review
Health Services: 51 credit-hours; Executive Health Services: 44 credit-hours
Full or part-time
This degree is extremely flexible and made with working professionals in mind. Almost all classes are offered online or in the evenings.
As a top-100 university in the nation, Drexel University is dedicated to "Transforming the Modern Urban University." It has been 125 years since its founding. A Drexel education truly prepares its graduates for the challenges ahead, with 96 percent of graduates working or continuing education soon after graduation.
Learn the necessary skills through Drexel's Master of Health Administration degree. Some common themes include but are not limited to: risk, management, and insurance. This program is highly flexible and can be completed in the following formats:
Online courses with a five-day on-campus residency
Completion Time: two or three years
Spring, summer, and winter quarters
Graduates will be prepared for mid-level careers in institutions such as health policy firms, hospitals, or nonprofit organizations.
Canisius College is a private Jesuit, Catholic school located in Western New York. It has been routinely recognized for its premier programs. The college was founded approximately 150 years ago, and has since made a huge impact on the culture of the city of Buffalo. The U.S. News & World Report not only ranks it as the #9 Best Value School in the North, but also as the #22 overall Best College within the region.
Canisius's MS in Health and Human Performance focuses on rehabilitative and preventive health issues. This degree is offered as a hybrid program, with both online and on-campus courses. Students can choose either an internship or a thesis depending on their career goals. Other key features include:
34-35 credit-hours
Preparation for various health certificates
Specialty Tracks: Cardiac Rehabilitation, Health Promotion, Strength and Conditions
Some certificates that students may be eligible to receive upon graduation are the Health Fitness Specialist or the Registered Clinical Exercise Physiologist. Those interested will need to take an additional test.
California State University-Fresno
California State University – Fresno, often referred to as just Fresno State, is one of the 23 universities in the California State University system. Founded in 1911 as a normal school, the university today has grown to over 25,000 students. Although a big school, its average class size is only about 35 students. The city of Fresno is located in the San Joaquin Valley, and offers several fun activities and food spots for students.
Fresno State's Master of Public Health degree is a full-time program for experienced adults who wish to advance their knowledge and career. Students will learn how to assess and implement health needs, execute planning, and conduct research.
Only fall acceptance
Fieldwork experience in a health-related institution
Sample Courses: Health Promotion, Health Planning & Program Evaluation
Students must have already completed a few public health prerequisites before applying to this program.
Otterbein University, a private liberal arts institution, is located in the nation's #5 most friendly town of Westerville, Ohio. It is known as one of the first institutions of higher education to welcome women and people of color. Although it was founded by the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, students of all faith backgrounds are welcome here. Due to Otterbein's excellent degrees that prepare students for their professional lives, the U.S. News & World Report routinely ranks it among the top 20 in the nation.
Be prepared for the rapidly-growing healthcare industry by enrolling in Otterbein's MS in Allied Health program. With two tracks, Healthcare Administration and Exercise and Health Science, students will get the career experience they need before graduation.
Healthcare Administration: 30 credit hours; Exercise and Health Science: 36 credit hours
Hybrid and online format
Project or research thesis
In addition to available financial aid, merit-based scholarships are awarded to those who qualify.
University of North Florida
The University of North Florida is located in the city of Jacksonville with a little over 2,000 graduate students. Its Master's of Health Services degree is housed in the Brooks College of Health, recognized as a college of distinction within the university. The College of Health has been nationally recognized for its excellence in programs, as well as its partnerships with local organizations. For the past ten years, UNF has been among the best in the Southeast according to the Princeton Review.
The MS in Exercise Science and Chronic Disease degree offers a research-centered curriculum in a variety of health topics. Students will learn about preventative medicine, fitness, and rehabilitation. This is a great program for those interested in pursuing a PhD.
No specific undergraduate degree required
15-20 students admitted each fall
Graduates will be eligible to take the American College of Sports Medicine and National Strength and Conditioning Association certification tests.
California State University – Dominguez Hills is a diverse campus that serves the South Bay area of the Los Angeles community. Its mission is to provide excellent and accessible education to all through sustainable practice. The university was founded in 1960 and currently operates six colleges. CSU Dominguez has repeatedly won recognition for its affordability, ethnic diversity, and as a top school in the West.
At CSUDH, students can get an MS in Health Science, with the Orthontics and Prosthetics specialization. This specialized profession works with patients who have suffered from neuromuscular disorders. This program consists of:
Capstone activities with real patients
Laboratory skills
Sample Courses: Clinical Evaluation Tools, Psychosocial Aspects of Disability, Prosthetic Management
The clinical practicum is an optional course that consists of 120 hours in a professional setting. This is a great opportunity to get a head start in your career.
When people think of Johns Hopkins University, one of the first things that may come to mind is excellency in teaching and research. As the nation's first research university, JHU continues to deliver quality education and meaningful international partnerships. The university was founded by a Quaker philanthropist who specifically wanted to improve public health and education in the city of Baltimore. Today, JHU offers an elite Public Health school and graduate Health Science degrees.
Johns Hopkins offers the Master of Health Science degree through the Bloomberg School of Public Health. Programs are offered through every department in the school, giving students the opportunity to study what they truly want. The program consists of four full-time terms, ending in a thesis and oral presentation. A sample of areas one can study include:
The U.S. News & World Report ranks the Bloomberg School #1 in the nation for Public Health.
The Medical University of South Carolina is the only academic health science center in the state. MUSC was founded in 1824 as a small, private medical school. As of today, about 3,000 students are enrolled annually in various health majors. MUSC is also a major research facility, with more than $276 million in funding in 2018. Thanks to its research, the university has a total economic impact of over $3 billion.
MUSC's Master of Public Health degree allows students to concentrate either in Biostatistics, Epidemiology, or Health Behavior and Health Promotion. Future professionals will be able to analyze data, implement policy for improved health outcomes, and promote health awareness.
45 credit-hours
Completion Time: four semesters
180-hour internship program
Although students are encouraged to submit GRE scores, it is no longer a requirement for applicants.
Western Michigan University is located in Kalamazoo, home to a diverse community. Sustainability and graduate success are just a few characteristics that define WMU. With several on-campus sustainable programs such as reducing plastic waste on campus, WMU is impacting the culture of the surrounding community. According to a 2017-2018 survey, 91 percent of graduates (undergraduate and graduate) were either pursuing a full-time job, in the military, volunteering, or furthering their education.
Western Michigan offers a Master of Public Health degree with five different core areas. They consist of: Environmental Health Sciences, Biostatistics, Health Services Administration, Epidemiology, and Social and Behavioral Sciences. The MPH program is offered by their Grand Rapids campus.
Hybrid format
Ideal for experienced professionals
Employer tuition reimbursement for qualifying businesses
According to the Washington Monthly, WMU is ranked as one of the schools with "the best bang for the buck."
The University of Texas at Tyler
The University of Texas at Tyler is one of the 14 schools within the university system. Its main campus is located in the east part of the state. UT Tyler also operates campuses in Palestine, Longview, Houston, and online. The university is known for its outstanding programs in the Health Sciences, particularly in Nursing. UT Tyler is also an affordable school, with $10 million scholarship and grant money awarded annually.
Students enrolled in UT Tyler's MS in Health Sciences degree will learn leadership skills, disease prevention policy techniques, and about healthcare services. Graduates will be ready for early to mid-level management positions within the field.
Six credit-hours of an internship or thesis
No resume required to apply
Classes are usually offered in the evening, a plus for those who must work a full-time job in the day. If taken full-time, the program can be completed in two years.
What began as a small training school for teachers has blossomed into a multi-college research institution. New Jersey City University is a diverse campus located just a few minutes from New York City. NJCU offers 29 Master's programs. Its Health Sciences department is dedicated to developing the next generation of health care leaders. Students in the department will learn a mix of theory and real-world principles to guide them in their future careers.
Those who graduate with an MS degree in Health Administration from NJCU will be able to successfully perform management duties in healthcare institutions. These facilities include hospitals, long-term care facilities, or state and federal organizations.
39-45 credit hours
Thesis track
Sample Courses: Health Law, Community Organization for Health, Consumer Health
For those who do not have any administrative experience or have two or less years, a residency will be required in the summer.
University of Arkansas at Little Rock
Operating under the vision of improving students' and the nearby communities' lives, the University of Arkansas at Little Rock was established in 1927. In the beginning, UA Little Rock was only a small junior college. By 1957, the school began offering four-year degrees. More than 11,000 students are enrolled annually. Students can take advantage of all the fun things the city has to offer, such as outdoor activities, museums, and the state capitol.
Graduate students enrolled in the MS in Health Education and Promotion degree will have opportunities to further research in areas such as policy, rehabilitation, and community health. This program is offered through the School of Counseling, Human Performance and Rehabilitation.
Teaching licensure available
Maximum of 12 credit hours can be transferred
Those who complete the additional licensure requirements can receive the K-12 Health & Physical Education license in the state of Arkansas.
Representing the Broncos, Boise State University is metropolitan university located in the state's largest city. More than 25,000 students from around the country and globe are enrolled here. Students get all the perks of living in a big city, being able to walk or bike to the local hot spots. Internships and other work opportunities are also thriving. These opportunities extend to graduate students, who make up 39 percent of the school's full-time student population.
At Boise State, students can gain their Master of Health Science in either Health Policy, Health Promotion, or Health Services Leadership. In total, the programs will require 39-42 credit hours, with 18 of those in core classes. Below are some classes students may encounter:
Marketing for Health Professionals
Managerial Epidemiology
The College of Health Sciences is an active group of people who regularly put on community events and workshops. Those wishing to keep up to date on their events should check out their social media pages.
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text:
Disruption again shows need to fix rail power, say experts
A power fault disrupted services on three MRT lines and one LRT line on Monday. Initial investigations showed that circuit breakers had tripped.ST PHOTO: LAU FOOK KONG
Apr 27, 2016, 5:00 am SGT
http://str.sg/4Zz8
Expert panel called for urgent changes just days before Monday's breakdown
Christopher Tan
Senior Transport Correspondent
christan@sph.com.sg
Monday's four-line rail breakdown brings into focus once again weaknesses in the network's power system - weaknesses flagged just days before the latest incident by an expert panel, which called for urgent steps to be taken.
The breakdown - which affected as many as 100,000 people whose journeys were disrupted or delayed - was caused by a power trip at the Buona Vista power intake station.
The facility draws 66kV of electricity from the power grid and steps it down to 22kV before distributing it to substations in the rail network.
But why the trip occurred is still being investigated.
Government Parliamentary Committee for Transport chairman Sitoh Yih Pin said recommendations made by a panel of 13 power experts "should be looked into urgently".
The panel was assembled four months ago to check the rail network's power system following a spate of electrical glitches.
Unprecedented train disruption along 4 lines caused by power dip, says SMRT
Train service disruptions on three MRT lines and Bukit Panjang LRT due to power fault: SMRT
All affected stations without power except for emergency lights
One of the panel's recommendations was to "enable automatic switchover to (an) alternative 66kV power supply intake, in the event of a loss of primary 66kV intake".
Associate professor Tseng King Jet of Nanyang Technological University's School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering said: "Today, this switchover is done manually. You must call for permission, then someone must go down and do it. This takes time, at least half an hour. This is for safety."
But Dr Tseng - who was part of the 13-member panel - said an automatic switchover can be done without compromising safety.
"To be fair, we need to be sure if the fault lies with the intake station," he said. "In a power system, no two faults are exactly the same."
Power-related breakdowns have been creeping up ever since the operators started adding trains to cope with rising demand.
Besides Monday's multi-line incident and the disruption yesterday of nearly 30 minutes affecting south-bound train service on the North-South Line, major power-related incidents in recent months include a power trip which paralysed the North-South and East-West Lines (NSEWL) during the evening peak period on July 7 last year.
SIM University Adjunct Associate Professor Park Byung Joon said: "The incidents seem to be occurring in a series. And they seem to be starting to affect multiple lines all at once. It is not a good sign."
Dr Tseng noted SMRT's power system is "very old... it was built in the 1980s", and SMRT is "working hard" to upgrade the system. "This takes time because the upgrading is done on an operating system," he said.
Meanwhile, Singapore Power has confirmed the power grid's "supply to SMRT and other installations was in order on Monday evening".
The Land Transport Authority (LTA) said it is working with SMRT to investigate the cause of Monday's power faults.
Initial investigations showed that 22kV circuit breakers at the Buona Vista station tripped.
The Buona Vista power intake station supplies power to the western sector of the NSEWL and parts of the Circle Line. As the Bukit Panjang LRT system receives power from the same source through Choa Chu Kang on the NSEWL, it was similarly affected, said the LTA.
Checks showed that the circuit breaker trip was not due to a power dip, but a power fault within the western sector of the NSEWL.
A version of this article appeared in the print edition of The Straits Times on April 27, 2016, with the headline 'Disruption again shows need to fix rail power'. Print Edition | Subscribe

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Rotation puzzles, as the name suggests, involve rotations! Therefore they are excellent shape and space puzzles with a strong visual element to them.
We have a large range of different rotation puzzles available, either requiring you to spot or perform rotations depending on the question difficulty and level.
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The BEST MEDICAL PROPERTIES PROJECT of 2018 Torcon, Inc.
Hackensack Meridian Health/Seton Hall University's new Interprofessional Health Sciences campus is an excellent example of an adaptive reuse of an existing laboratory building. For more than 80 years, pharmaceutical compa- ny Hoffmann-La Roche occupied the existing site, which led to environmental issues associated with contaminated groundwater and soil. With Torcon's renovations, the site is now a multi-model virtual healthcare training center. The newly-opened School of Medicine houses simulation centers, patient clinics, a library, casual eating facilities, stu- dent lounges and classroom space. There are also extensive skills laboratories for nursing, physiology and gross anato- my, administrative and faculty offices, and an auditorium.
Standing at three stories and 45,735 s/f, The Hampshire Companies' state-of-the-art medical office building project which broke ground in the summer of 2018 will enhance the scope and quality of comprehensive healthcare services and bring additional economic and quality-of-life benefits to the communities Mountainside Medical Center serves. Designed to meet the needs of 21st century health care pro- viders, the medical office building will offer physicians and specialists with the high-quality, class A office space they desire to build their practices and provide the best in class care to the local community.
The 37,500 s/f primary care facility was a former Giant supermarket that had closed four years prior. The health center will feature 40 rooms for medical and pediatric ex- ams, optometry, podiatry, dentistry and other specialty care practices. Parts of the building will be leased for lab ser- vices, physical therapy and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. The health cen- ter's designation requires them to take care of all patients, regardless of ability to pay, and receives funding and other incentives to help it care for those living near poverty.


The Ultra-Safe 965018HD features a double locking snap hook, 1" x 18" webbing and a D-Ring. This unit allows users with less shoulder mobility to more comfortably connect and disconnect from their back D-Ring.
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text:
Sanchez clings on to UCI World Ranking lead
Nigel Wynn April 12, 2010 1:06 pm
UCI logo
Fabian Cancellara and Alejandro Valverde have moved up in the Union Cycliste Internationale's latest World Ranking – a table based on performances in the top professional road races – published on Monday.
The new ranking takes into account results from Paris-Roubaix (April 11) and the Tour of the Basque Country (April 5-10).
Luis Leon Sanchez (Caisse d'Epargne) still clings on to a narrow lead at the head of the World Ranking with 222 points, amassed after his strong start to the season with third overall at Paris-Nice, second at the Tour Down Under and fourth at the Tour of Catalonia.
Paris-Roubaix and Tour of Flanders winner Fabian Cancellara (Saxo Bank) leaps up to fifth in the ranking, with 200 points.
Another big mover is Spaniard Alejandro Valverde. His second place at the Tour of the Basque Country gives him 201 points. Joaquin Rodriguez (Katusha) also benefited from his performance in the Basque Country, adding to his points tally of 208, in third.
Boonen (Quick Step) strengthened his second spot in the ranking with fifth in Paris-Roubaix, giving him a total of 216 points after earlier placing second in the Tour of Flanders and Milan-San Remo.
Britain's highest ranked rider is currently Roger Hammond (Cervelo). Top ten places in the Tour of Flanders and Paris-Roubaix has moved the Cervelo rider up to 18th position. Mark Cavendish (HTC-Columbia) is the only other Brit in the table – his Tour of Catalonia stage win puts him in 74th place.
Based on number of points amassed by its riders, the top nation is Spain, and top team is Caisse d'Epargne.
The World Ranking is compiled using a points system, with points awarded for one-day race, tour stage and stage race overall finishing positions for events in the UCI's World Calendar.
The amount of points awarded depends on the ranking of the event. For example, winning the Tour de France overall gives a rider twice as many points as winning the Eneco Tour overall.
A new World Ranking is published by the UCI on Monday following any counting event.
UCI World Ranking: April 12
1. Luis Leon Sanchez (Spa) Caisse d'Epargne 222 points
2. Tom Boonen (Bel) Quick Step 216
3. Joaquin Rodriguez (Spa) Katusha 208
4. Alejandro Valverde (Spa) Caisse d'Epargne 201
5. Fabian Cancellara (Swi) Saxo Bank 200
6. Philippe Gilbert (Bel) Omega Pharma-Lotto 130
7. Thor Hushovd (Nor) Cervelo 120
8. Andre Greipel (Ger) HTC-Columbia 119
9. Cadel Evans (Aus) BMC Racing Team 116
10. Maxim Iglinsky (Kaz) Astana 116
18. Roger Hammond (GB) Cervelo 90
74. Mark Cavendish (GB) HTC-Columbia 6
Flanders stars move up in UCI World Ranking
Deals on foul-weather jackets: big savings on Assos, Castelli, Gore, Santini, Sportful and dhb
'The new rules make me anxious, expecting to be pulled over by police': Cycling Weekly readers react to government's 'stay local' advice for riding
'If you can get there under your own steam' – government and police respond to confusion over 'stay local' guidance for exercise


text:
\section{Introduction}

Narrow line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) are AGN in which the width of the broad emission
lines is smaller than 2,000 km s$^{-1}$ and showing a [O~III]/H$\beta$ ratio
smaller than 3 \citep{osterbrock85}. The estimated masses of their black holes
(BH), based on the FWHM of the BLR lines and the continuum luminosity
(e.g. \citealt{Kaspi00}), are typically $M_{\rm BH}$$\sim$$10^6$-$10^7$
M$_\odot$. A recent surprising result is the discovery of a sub-population of
NLSy1s with characteristics typical of radio-loud (RL) AGN (e.g.,
\citealt{zhou06,yuan08,dammando12,foschini12,angelakis15}). In contrast,
classical RL AGN are invariably associated with the most massive BH, with
$M_{\rm BH} > 10^{8} M_\odot$ (e.g. \citealt{laor00,baldi10b,chiaberge11}). This
result suggests two possible interpretations: RL~NLSy1s correspond to a
fundamentally different mechanism for the formation of relativistic jets
(e.g. \citealt{komossa06,gu15}). Alternatively, the $M_{\rm BH}$ estimates in
RL~NLSy1s are underestimated.

One possibility to account for their ``narrow'' broad Balmer lines is that the
BLR clouds in RL~NLSy1s are mostly confined in a rotating disk. When such a
disk is seen at a small angle with respect to our line of sight, projection
effects reduce the observed line width leading to an under estimate of the BH
mass values. Several indications favor a pole-on orientation for RL~NLSy1,
including rapid variability, one-sided radio jets, and extreme $\gamma$-rays
luminosity, all requiring high Doppler boosting typical of relativistic jets
observed at a small angle from their axis (e.g.,
\citealt{komossa06,doi07,komossa15}). The presence of a dependence of the BLR line
width with orientation is already well established for RL AGN (e.g.,
\citealt{wills86,Fine11,runnoe13}), in the sense that objects observed at
smaller angles from their jet axis show narrower lines. RL~NLSy1s might be
extreme examples of such an effect.

Spectropolarimetry is a unique tool to probe the geometry of
AGN. Among the many results obtained with this technique there is the
Unified Model, proposed to account for the polarized broad lines seen
in objects showing only narrow lines in direct light
\citep{miller83,antonucci83,antonucci85a}. This is due to the
scattering of the light of a hidden BLR into our line of sight,
leading to a polarized emission. Also in the case of NLSy1s
spectropolarimetry enables us to observe their BLR under a different
perspective. For example, a scattering region located in the AGN
equatorial plane will see the full rotation amplitude of the BLR and
the light reflected (and thence polarized) will show the intrinsic
value of the BLR line width.  The presence of scattering
material in the equatorial plane is supported by the polarization
properties of the majority of type 1 AGN, where the polarization is
parallel to the radio axis (while in type 2 is usually perpendicular)
and the polarization angle rotates within the broad line. This
behavior is well reproduced by a geometry in which the scatterers are
mainly located in an annulus immediately surrounding the BLR
\citep{smith04,smith05}.

Several spectropolarimetric studies of NLSy1s has been performed
(e.g. \citealt{goodrich89,breeveld98,kay99,robinson11}) but none of
them included RL objects of this class.

We here present the results of a pilot study of VLT spectropolarimetric
observations of a RL~NLSy1, namely PKS~2004-447, at $z=0.240$. We selected it
because of its detection (and variability) in $\gamma$-rays by {\it Fermi}
\citep{abdo09,calderone11}, the clearest evidence for the presence of a RL
nucleus. Among the few RL~NLSy1s with a $\gamma$-rays detection, PKS~2004-447
is the only source in the Southern sky at sufficiently low redshift
that the H$\alpha$ line falls within an optical spectrum.

PKS~2004-447 is a compact steep-spectrum radio source, with a core-jet
morphology on pc scales, \citep{schulz15} and its broadband spectral energy
distribution (SED) shows the double-humped shape typical of blazars
\citep{gallo06,orienti15}. The FWHM of its broad H$\beta$ line is 1447
km~s$^{-1}$ \citep{oshlack01}, within the upper limit considered to define
NLSy1s; the corresponding BH mass is $\sim 5 \times 10^6 M_\odot$.  The
strength of the Fe II lines is low (with an equivalent width for the whole
Fe~II complex in the region 5050-5450 \AA\ smaller than 10 \AA) with respect
to what is usually found in NLSy1s \citep{osterbrock87,boroson92}; conversely,
the ratio [O~III]/H$\beta =1.6$ conforms with typical values of NLSy1.
\citeauthor{oshlack01} also estimated a radio-loudness $R = f_{\rm 4.85
  \,\,GHz}/f_B \sim 1710 - 6320$ (depending on the value used for the optical
magnitude) well above the threshold for RL AGN ($R >$10,
\citealt{kellerman89}).
\begin{figure*}
\label{fig}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=13.cm,angle=90]{fig.ps}
\caption{Top three panels: Stokes parameters of the PKS~2004-447
  spectrum. Wavelengths are shown in rest frame in \AA, fluxes are in
  arbitrary units because no flux calibration was performed. The vertical
  dashed lines mark the boundaries of the regions used for the spectral
  rebinning. Bottom three panels: polarized flux, percentage of polarization
  (with overplotted, in red, the total intensity spectrum), and polarization
  position angle. The PA is reported only in the regions of reliable
  polarization, see text for details. The region around $\sim$ 6100 \AA\ has
  been flagged due to the residuals related to the presence of a telluric
  absorption feature and of bright sky lines.}
\end{figure*}

A cosmology with $H_0 = 72$ km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$, $\Omega_m = 0.30$, and
$\Omega_\Lambda = 0.70$ is assumed, corresponding to a luminosity distance for
PKS~2004-447 of 1.17 Gpc.

\section{Observations and data analysis}
\label{observations}

PKS~2004-447 was observed in spectropolarimetric mode with the FORS2 mounted
at the UT1 telescope of the 8.2-m ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) on 2015 May
11 and 23 with a seeing better than $<$1\arcsec. The observations were
obtained with the GRISM-300I, providing a spectral resolution of $R\sim$660
at 8600 \AA, used in combination with the blocking filter OG590. The
1$\arcsec$ wide slit was oriented along the parallactic angle and the
multi-object spectropolarimetry (PMOS) observation was performed with a 2048
$\times$ 2048 pixel CCD with a spatial resolution of 0.126 \arcsec/pixel.

The measurements at two retarder angles are sufficient to calculate the linear
Stokes parameters. However, in order to reduce instrumental issues
\citep{patat06} we used four half-wave plate angles (0, 22.5, 45 and 67.5
degrees) for our observations. This strategy was repeated four times in
separated observing blocks. Each block consists of four spectra (split in two
exposures for cosmic rays removal) with an exposure time of 10.25 minutes,
with the half-plate oriented at the four position angles. Since the
observation of the first night failed, we used only three observing blocks,
for a total on-source time of $\sim$2 hours.

The data were analyzed by using the standard VLT pipeline with the ESO Reflex
workflow \citep{hook08}. The frames were first bias-subtracted and then
flat-fielded using lamp flats.  After removing cosmic ray events, the
different exposures for the four half-wave plate positions were combined for
each observing block.  One-dimensional spectra, with identical aperture
widths for the ordinary (o) and extraordinary (e) rays for each of the four
half-wave plate orientations, were then extracted (from 12 pixels
corresponding to 1.5\arcsec). The wavelength calibration was performed using
standard arc lamps.  The o- and e-rays were resampled to the same linear
spectral dispersion and combined (by including data for all three observing
blocks) to determine the three Stokes parameters I, Q, and U (as well as the
associated uncertainties) using the procedures described by \citet{cohen95}
and \citet{vernet01}. No flux calibration was performed.

\section{Results}

The total intensity spectrum is shown in the top panel of Figure~\ref{fig}.
It shows a broad H$\alpha$ line, blended with [N~II]$\lambda\lambda$6548,84
doublet, with a FWHM$\sim$1500 km s$^{-1}$, consistent with the H$\beta$ width
measured by \citet{oshlack01}. Fainter emission lines are also seen, namely
the [O~I]$\lambda\lambda$6300,64 and [S~II]$\lambda\lambda$λ6716,31 doublets,
superposed onto a featureless continuum. The signal-to-noise ratio of the
total intensity spectrum is $\sim$150 per pixel on the continuum and it
reaches $\sim$500 on the H$\alpha$.

Since the polarization of the target turns out to be extremely low (see below
for the details) the spectra were rebinned in order to obtain, where possible,
statistically significant polarization measurements. The bin sizes used are
broader in the continuum far from the spectral regions of interest (i.e., the
broad H$\alpha$ line), where bin sizes of either 150 and 250 \AA, were used. A
finer binning (15 \AA) is maintained across the H$\alpha$, while the
  integration regions are between 30 and 50\AA\ on its wings. In Fig.~\ref{fig}
we present the resulting Stokes parameters $Q$ and $U$, the polarized spectrum
$I_P =(Q^{2} + U^{2})^{1/2}$, the corresponding degree of polarization $P =
I_P/I$, and the polarization position angle, PA (measured counterclockwise
starting from North). The PA is plotted only in the regions of significant
polarization.

The overall polarization level of this source (integrated between 5404
and 7254 \AA) is consistent with a null value, namely $P= 0.03 \pm
0.02$\%, despite the very high accuracy that can be reached with our
data. The same result is obtained for the continuum emission. We
measured it in two spectral regions $\sim$ $\pm$ 500 \AA\ far from the
broad H$\alpha$ (covering 5404-5904 and 6754-7254 \AA, respectively)
failing to detect any significant polarization.

The BLR seen in direct light does show a polarization of 0.0076 $\pm$ 0.0024
\% integrated over the wavelength range 6534-6594 \AA, with a polarization
position angle of PA = $32^\circ \pm 6^\circ$ . While its polarization has a
statistical significance of $\sim$ 3$\sigma$, we cannot exclude that we are
seeing a minimal residual instrumental polarization. Certainly, this
measurement can be adopted as a firm upper limit to any instrumental effect.

The only reliable polarized signal found in PKS~2004-447 is seen on
both sides of the broad H$\alpha$.  We measure a degree of
polarization of $P$ = 0.066 $\pm$ 0.023\% at PA= $8^\circ \pm
10^\circ$ on the blue side (for 6424 $< \lambda < $ 6504 \AA) and $P$
= 0.070 $\pm$ 0.023\% at PA = $45^\circ \pm 9^\circ$ on the red side
(for 6624 $< \lambda < $ 6704 \AA).

\section{Discussion}
\label{discussion}

The spectropolarimetric observations show a broader polarized H$\alpha$
with respect to what is seen in direct light. This is what is expected if we
are seeing the H$\alpha$ emission from a disk-like BLR reflected from a
co-planar circumnuclear scattering region. Due to the location of the
scatterers, they see the full BLR velocity field; thus the amplitude of the
scattered (and thence polarized) broad line reflects the genuine gas motions
close to the central BH. This confirms our suggestion that projection plays a
fundamental role in RL~NLSy1.

The polarization behavior of PKS~2004-447 is in remarkable agreement with the
results of the models of presented by \citet{smith05}. They simulated the
polarization properties of a rotating line-emitting disc (the BLR) surrounded
by a coplanar scattering region. The main predictions are i) the presence of
polarization peaks in the line wings, ii) a rotation of the polarization PA
across the BLR, iii) a higher polarization in the line with respect to the
continuum, all effects seen in the observed source.

In the equatorial scattering models, the polarization level decreases
for sources seen at lower inclination. This is due to the cancellation
between the polarization vectors produced in the different portions of
the scattering region, which is more efficient for low inclination
angles (a null $P$ value is predicted for an exact face-on
orientation). Indeed, the measured percentage of polarization
($\sim$0.07\%) is an order of magnitude smaller than usually observed
in type I Seyfert \citep{smith02}, as expected for a source seen close
to face-on. As discussed above, this is likely to be the case for our
target.

Another signature of equatorial scattering is the angle swing across
the H$\alpha$ line. The PA of the continuum polarization defines the
reference value, parallel to the projection of the symmetry
axis. Across the polarized broad line, the PA rotates in opposite
directions in the blue and red wings, with the largest deviations
occurring just inside the peaks of polarization percentage. This
feature is seen in PKS~2004-447 with a rotation of $37^\circ \pm
13^\circ$ from the blue to the red H$\alpha$ wings. However, the non
detection of continuum polarization (that is indeed expected to be
lower than on the line wings) does not allow us to trace fully the PA
changes. Furthermore, the actual rotation across the line might be
even larger considering the heavy smoothing of our data. Nonetheless,
the observed PA swing is already larger than usually measured in
Seyferts~Is and indeed the models indicate that such effect is
amplified for small inclinations, as in the case for our target.

With respect to the model predictions we find a possible discrepancy, related
to the relative PA of the BLR polarization and the radio jet that are expected
to be parallel to each other. The BLR polarization angle, averaged over the
two wings, is $27^\circ \pm 7^\circ$ while the radio jet is elongated in a
general EW direction \citep{orienti15}. However, the jet is strongly bent,
starting along PA$\sim -90^\circ$ out to $\sim$15 pc, where it curves
Northward by $\sim 45^\circ$.  Large bends are commonly observed in blazar
radio jets, often also associated with temporal changes of their orientation
\citep{lister13}; this is due to projection effects that, in objects seen
pole-on, amplify the intrinsic variation of the jet position angles. For such
objects it is difficult to establish in which direction the jet is actually
pointing. Furthermore, \citet{smith04} noticed that Seyfert type 1 galaxies
often show a similar perpendicular inclination between the radio and BLR
position angles. They proposed that an asymmetry of the density distribution
of the scattering region might account for such a configuration.  For these
reasons, the apparent offset between the position angles of the BLR
polarization and the jet orientation found in PKS~2004-447 should not be
considered as a strong shortcoming of the scattering model proposed.

According to the standard equatorial model of \citet{smith05} (see
their Figure 4) the separation between the peaks in the percentage of
polarization corresponds to the intrinsic (i.e. corrected for
projection) width of the broad H$\alpha$.  In our case, although, due
to the low polarization level, this measurement has a relatively large
uncertainty.  In these spectral regions the bin sizes are of 30-40
\AA; by adopting these values as errors for the location of the two
polarization peaks, they turn out to be separated by 200 $\pm$ 50 \AA,
corresponding to a velocity width of 9100 $\pm$ 2300 km s$^{-1}$, a
value within the range covered by the broad Balmer lines in RL AGN
\citep{wills86,runnoe13}.

The broadening with respect to what is seen in direct light is
dramatic. As a consequence, the BH mass estimate is increased by a
factor $\sim$30 with respect to the estimate obtained from the total
intensity spectrum. Given the continuum luminosity of $L_{5100} \sim
1.25 \times 10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ \AA$^{-1}$
\citep{gallo06}, the corresponding BLR size is $\sim 38$ light days
\citep{bentz13}. By adopting the width of the polarized broad
  H$\alpha$,\footnote{We assumed a geometric factor $f=1$ in the
  virial formula to account for the edge-on location of the
  scatterers.} we derive a mass of $M_{\rm BH} \sim 6\times10^8
M_\odot$. This revised estimate falls in the range of the BH masses
typical of RL AGN \citep{chiaberge11}.

\citet{calderone13} reached a similar conclusion from a method to
estimate black hole masses which relies on the modeling of optical and
UV data of of 23 RL-NLSy1 with an accretion disk spectrum. Their study
returns values of $M_{\rm BH}$ consistently larger than
$\gtrsim$10$^{8}$ M$_{\odot}$.

The results obtained from our study lead us to consider the further issue of
why RL~NLSy1s are so rare. In principle, flat spectrum radio-quasars (FSRQ),
objects known to be observed at small inclinations, should also show narrow
BLR profiles. While indeed the FWHM of the broad emission lines in FSRQ
is reduced with respect to the general population of QSOs, only a small
minority of them have a width $<$ 2000 km s$^{-1}$ \citep{shaw12}. This
implies that projection effects are not as effective in these sources; this is
expected when non-rotational motions, such as e.g. those associated with an
outflow contribute significantly to the BLR velocity field or when the
  BLR is characterized by a large vertical thickness. It appears that a
combination of face-on inclination and a BLR dominated by rotation (in the
Balmer lines) are probably required to produce a RL~NLSy1.

The dominance of rotation was proposed by \citet{eracleous03} to account for
the BLR properties of another class of objects, the so-called
``double-humped'' AGN (DH-AGN) in which the broad line profiles show two well
separated emission peaks; DH-AGN constitute $\sim$20\% of RL-AGN for
$z<0.4$. In most cases the ``double-humped'' profiles can be described very
well by models attributing the emission to a flattened rotating BLR (for a
review see \citealt{eracleous09}). By extrapolating the results obtained for
PKS~2004-447, we speculate that RL~NLSy1s are the result of the rare
combination of an intrinsically DH-AGN that is seen nearly face-on.

Regardless of the proposed identification of the parent population (i.e., of
the objects with the same intrinsic properties but observed at larger
inclinations), the expected broadening of the BLR for RL~NLSy1s seen at large
angles is an effect that should be included in the search for their
mis-oriented counterparts (see, e.g., \citealt{berton15}).

\section{Summary and conclusions}

The spectropolarimetric observations of the RL~NLSy1s PKS~2004-447 show the
presence of two peaks of polarized flux separated by $\sim$ 250\AA\, flanking
the H$\alpha$  seen in the total intensity spectrum. The overall polarization
properties of this source are remarkably well reproduced as due to the
scattering of the BLR emission from an equatorial structure seen at very small
inclination from its axis. In particular this model predicts the extremely low
level of polarization ($\sim$0.07\%) and the change of position angle across
the broad H$\alpha$. In this situation the scattering material, from its vantage point,
sees the full velocity field of the BLR, removing the effects of
projection. The separation between the polarization peaks is a direct measure
of its intrinsic width, that results in $\sim$9,000 km s$^{-1}$. By adopting
the standard scaling relations we derive a black hole mass of $M_{\rm BH} \sim
6\times10^8 M_\odot$. This revised estimate strengthens the conclusion that RL
AGN are only associated with very massive black holes ($\gtrsim$10$^{8}$
M$_{\odot}$).

It must be stressed that our results do not apply to the class of NLSy1s as a
whole. In fact, we are interpreting the observations of an object that was
selected among the small sub-class of RL sources, while the vast majority of
NLSy1s are radio-quiet (RQ). In particular, the large BH mass estimated for
PKS~2004-447 does not necessarily conflict with the suggestion, based on
various properties of NLSy1, that they are generally associated with small BHs
accreting at high rates (e.g., \citealt{valencia12}). Indeed, previous
spectropolarimetric studies of RQ~NLSy1s (e.g., \citealt{goodrich89}) do not
show a H$\alpha$ broadening in polarized light. These latter results
  apparently contrast with the suggestion by \citet{decarli08} that the
  properties of NLSy1 can be accounted for with a preferential face-on
  orientation. Furthermore, although PKS~2004-447 qualifies as a NLSy1s
based on its main optical properties (broad emission line width and
[O~III]/H$\beta$ ratio), it shows rather different characteristics (such as
its broad-band SED and the strength of the Fe~II lines) with respect to what
is typical for NLSy1. We concur with \citet{oshlack01} who argue that since
NLSy1s are defined by phenomenological measurements, rather than a specific
physical model, it is possible that more than one physical mechanism will
produce the defining parameters. In particular, the low widths of their broad
lines is not generally due to projection. Our spectropolarimetry results
strongly suggest that this is, in fact, the case for at least one RL NLSy1,
although, clearly, more spectropolarimetric observations will be required to
determine if this conclusion holds for the RL sub-population in general.

On the other hand, not all RL AGN seen at small inclinations have small
  broad emission line widths; indeed only a minority of them show values
smaller than the threshold of 2,000 km s$^{-1}$ required for a classification
as NLSy1. This indicates that a further ingredient, other than orientation, is
needed to produce a RL~NLSy1. In particular, the dependence of the  broad
  emission line width with orientation is maximized when its velocity field
is dominated by rotation. We speculate that the parent population of RL~NLSy1s
is represented by sub-class of the so called ``double humped'' AGN; in these
objects the lines profiles can be reproduced accurately by models attributing
the emission to a flattened rotating BLR. We argued that RL~NLSy1s are the
result of the rare combination of an intrinsically DH-AGN that is seen nearly
face-on.

Our results also suggest that orientation effects might play an
important role in the BH estimates based on the virial method not only
for NLSy1 but more in general for AGN and particularly for those seen
close to face-on. For example, in FSRQ the median angle formed by the
jet with the line of sight is $\sim3^\circ$ \citep{savolainen10} and
this reduces the rotation amplitude by a factor of $\sim$ 20 with
respect to its intrinsic value in case of a disk-like
geometry. Furthermore, since disk winds seem to be important for gas
dynamics and ubiquitous in AGN (e.g. \citealt{veilleux05}), any
outflowing component might represent the dominant source of observed
line broadening in these AGN. These factors cast doubts on the
reliability of virial estimates of their BH masses.

\section*{Acknowledgments}

RDB is grateful to S. Raimundo for the discussion which inspired this
work.  We thank the referee for constructive comments/suggestions to
improve the manuscript.  EB received funding from the European Unions
Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie
Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 655324, and from the I-CORE
program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee (grant number
1937/12).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Q: Intersection of two $n$-dimensional quadratic inequalities? I have two quadratic inequalities of the form
$$
a_1x^TAx + b_1^Tx + c_1 \le 0\\
a_2x^TAx + b_2^Tx + c_2 \le 0
$$
where $A\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times n}$ is positive semidefinite, $x\in\mathbb{R}^n$, $b_i\in\mathbb{R}^n$, and $a_i,c_i\in\mathbb{R}$, $i=1,2$.
I wish to determine if the set formed by the two inequalities is bounded. I began by thinking of the case where $n=1$, so we just have parabolic functions. I claimed that as long as the two central axes of the parabolas (the line of symmetry) were not parallel then the intersection would be bounded. I have not proved this claim, but I have a feeling it is true. If so, I am hoping it may be possible to generalize to higher dimensions. If this can be done then we could rule out an unbounded intersection if the two functions do not specify the stringent requirement of parallel central axes.
Any tips or better directions?

A: We may assume $\mathbf A$ to be symmetric, though it is not specified in your question, because everything remains unchanged by replacing $\mathbf A$ with its symmetric part $\frac12(\mathbf A+\mathbf A^T)$. Now, two easy cases:
First, suppose $\mathbf A$ is positive definite and $a_i\ne 0$. Then there is a radius $r_i$ outside which $\mathbf x^T\mathbf A\mathbf x+(\mathbf b_i^T\mathbf x+c_i)/a_i\ge0$ for all $\lVert\mathbf x\rVert\ge r_i$. So, if either $a_i$ is positive, then the intersection is bounded. If one is negative and the other is nonpositive, the intersection is unbounded. If both $a_i$ are zero, then you're looking at the intersection of two half-spaces $\mathbf b_i^T\mathbf x+c_i\le 0$, which is unbounded unless $n=1$ and the $\mathbf b_i$ are scalars of opposite signs.
Second, suppose $\mathbf A$ is positive semidefinite and both $a_i$ are positive. Let $\mathbf x=t\mathbf u$ for some fixed vector $\mathbf u$. As $t\to\infty$, the condition $a_i\mathbf x^T\mathbf A\mathbf x+\mathbf b_i^T\mathbf x+c_i\le0$ can hold only if $\mathbf u^T\mathbf A\mathbf u=0$, so $\mathbf u$ belongs to the null space of $\mathbf A$. Then we can restrict our attention to $\mathbf u\in\operatorname{Null}(\mathbf A)$, in which the problem reduces to finding whether the intersection of the half-spaces $\mathbf b_i^T\mathbf u+c_i\le 0$ is unbounded. This was already discussed above: it is unbounded unless the null space is one-dimensional, i.e. $\operatorname{Null}(\mathbf A)=\{\alpha\mathbf u_0\}$ for a fixed $\mathbf u_0$, and $\mathbf b_i^T\mathbf u_0$ have different signs.
You could probably extend this analysis to all the other cases, but that's more effort than I have time for right now.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
« FLASHBACK: VICTOR DAVIS HANSON ON THE LOOMING 1984 ELECTION: In his own way, Trump also fights back…
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROPHECY: ● Shot: Family of woman who portrayed Aunt Jemima opposes move… »
WALTER DURANTY DELETES TWITTER ACCOUNT: Well, the Walter Duranty of 2020 – Nikole Hannah-Jones of the New York Times, who won a Pulitzer Prize for her "1619 Project," but perhaps touched the third-rail of intersectionality today:
(Which is actually one of the more accurate statements she's made: How Native American Slaveholders Complicate the Trail of Tears Narrative.)
Also today, Hannah-Jones tweeted this (see screencaps below Matt Welch's response):
And as the Post-Millennial noted prior to the deletion of her Twitter account: '1619 Project' writer claims 'America isn't burning' as America burns:
The New York Times' "1619 Project" writer Nikole Hannah-Jones said that it would be an honor to have the current destruction and mayhem across the US known as the "1619 riots."
As detailed by the Times' project, the year 1619 is important as it is considered to be the start of slavery in North America. And according to some academics, the current acts of burglary, vandalism, arson, and assault are justified because of historical slavery.
Per the New York Post:
"A Northwestern University journalism professor named Steven Thrasher took to Slate to offer this analysis: "The destruction of a police precinct is not only a tactically reasonable response to the crisis of policing, it is a quintessentially American response, and a predictable one. The uprising we've seen this week is speaking to the American police state in its own language, up to and including the use of fireworks to mark a battle victory. Property destruction for social change is as American as the Boston Tea Party. . . ."
Hannah-Jones is among them, it appears, as she replied to an opinion piece written by the New York Post by saying that it would be an "honor" to call what is happening "the 1619 riots."
She followed this up by saying "Also, America isn't burning."
Eventually, by this afternoon, Hannah-Jones nuked her Twitter account:
In response to her retweet of the person saying that fireworks "are a coordinated attack on Black and Brown communities by government forces," Charles Cooke tweeted, "The last time she spread a conspiracy theory, she won a Pulitzer."
Or as Neo writes: The greatest Pulitzer since Duranty: the 1619 Project.
UPDATE: Hannah-Jones reactivated her account "about an hour later. Before deleting her account, Hannah-Jones deleted a tweet that distributed a conspiracy theory thread that expressed a belief that the government was setting off fireworks in the middle of the night to sow division in black and brown communities in Brooklyn…This goes without saying, but the New York Times has a difficult situation on its hands figuring out how to address this story, where their social media standards were almost certainly violated by one of their most well known authors."
More: '1619 Project' writer pushes conspiracy theory that the government uses fireworks to disrupt black communities.
Related: 1619 Project author: 'It would be an honor' to call these the 1619 riots.
Posted by Ed Driscoll at 6:22 pm


This Spooner, WI home is in a high traffic area on a lake and across from a very busy golf course. The house has great curb appeal enhanced by the Integrity Windows. It has the Northwood's feel the customer was looking for without the high maintenance. We receive more compliments on this house than any other and Marvin has a lot to do with that.


text:
Q: Spring Boot - Central db Connection for multiple microservices application Hello stackoverflowers!
So I am working on spring boot microservices and following scenario came up:
I have follwing services:

*

*user-services

*admin-services

*financial-services

and couple more..
I have spring-cloud where all my apps are reading configs from in combination with Eureka as discovery and Zuul as gateway servers.
Here's the scenario, the database is only one (very old legacy one) which we can't break into multiple dbs per microservice app (as per true microservice concepts). Now when all these apps will be started (most probably 2 instances per service) so there will be around 30 opened connections on the db. Is there a way to use a common database layer since there is only one db and all the apps configured to that layer?


I was wondering if you could help me to figure out the best way or if i should just not do it, but the best way to lay down my AQH. She is 19 years-old, but she does her very best to please me whenever she can. I was wondering if you could give me some tips on how to lay her down. I really want to lay her down because I have gotten my pony to do it through the bow but my AQH, hurt her hip when she was 2 years-old and ever since she has been very shy of her right side. We have been working on her to help her re-gain some strength in that side but, she is still very shy of using it. However I do see her go out and roll outside and lay down when its cold out. So do you think you could help me? It would really mean a lot to me if i could get you input.
Thank you for asking Northwest Horse Source for guidance. I will try to answer your question. With the information you relayed, I would suggest that you refrain from your desire to lay down your 19 year old mare. Even though her injury was several years ago, she may be apprehensive to do so and could greatly resist, which may possibly result in an additional injury. As horses grow older they, as humans do, get stiffer and less limber. It is easier to have muscles and joints sustain problems if you stress them. The only time you should lay down a horse is for a specific reason and only in their younger years. This technique is used to gently, subdue, or as a trick. Personally, it is not one of the necessary stages I use to train a horse.
Brandi Lyons did a seminar at the Clark County Expo last year on laying a horse down. It didn't take long. I can give you a short take on what she said. She may have a video on it. You circle your horse, easier if you are on, circle just like a horse would circle to lay down. Try to get her head as close to the ground as you can. Just keep circling and eventually she will lay down. Be prepared to step off as she lays down so you don't get your leg caught under her. If she's a little sweaty and wants to roll that helps. It would be fun to teach and probably for an older horse just fine. I don't think its something for every horse though. I'd not want one to lay down when I wanted to go. I hope this helps.


text:
Pratt workers protest loss of state jobs
Aug. 31, 2009 Updated: Nov. 9, 2009 11:35 p.m.
EAST HARTFORD (AP) -- Several hundred Pratt & Whitney workers bellowed "Keep jobs here!" as they marched to the engine maker's headquarters Friday in East Hartford to deliver a demand letter signed by 22 Connecticut leaders.
U.S. Sen. Chris Dodd led the charge, but the rest of the state's Congressional delegation, Gov. M. Jodi Rell, and other state elected officials showed their support by signing the request for the subsidiary of United Technologies Corp. to hold off on eliminating as many as 1,000 jobs in Connecticut. They want the company to wait until its contract with the International Association of Machinists expires.
"The loss of these facilities would not only mean harsh economic consequences for the employees and their families, but also the loss to Pratt & Whitney and the nation of a deep and varied knowledge base and skill set that your company, our state and nation need," the letter said.
The workers, bused in from around the state, first rallied across the street from Pratt & Whitney at the IAM Local 1746 Union Hall, then marched about a block to the Pratt & Whitney front gate, where Murphy presented the letter to company spokesman Matthew Perra and asked that it be delivered to company president David Hess.
"I appreciate this and thank you very much for delivering this today," Perra said to U.S. Rep. Chris Murphy as the workers continued to chant loudly. "Obviously these are extremely difficult issues. We're facing challenges that are unprecedented in the industry, and these are issues we really need to resolve. Pratt & Whitney is committed to looking at actual workable alternatives and working with the union, with state officials to look at any viable alternative to save these jobs. We want to save these jobs in Connecticut as well."


text:
La Chapelle-Longueville () is a commune in the department of Eure, northern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger of the former communes of Saint-Just (the seat), La Chapelle-Réanville and Saint-Pierre-d'Autils.

Population

See also
Communes of the Eure department

References

Communes of Eure
Veliocasses

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I wanted a look with pastel shades today.
Eyes: I used a moss green coloured pencil to line my upper lid and a black kohl pencil to line the lower lid. I finsihed my eyes with a coat of mascara.
Products used: Hema kohl pencil in No.25, Looking Good eyeliner pencil in Black,Diorshow mascara.
Lips: I used a matte pinky coral on my lips.


A week following the fun trip to Rayong, I got wind of a photo exhibition (probably via Facebook) of a photographer named John Thomson, the photographs were taken during 1865 - 1866 of various scenes around Bangkok.
I am passionately into photography, and to the chance to see these photographs was a chance I can not miss, on a whim I'd also told my mother (who is passionate about history) and another blue moon had just occurred, lol, we decided to visit the Bangkok National Gallery together.
It turned out to be another fantastic day, there were about 60 photos on display, to see the old landmarks, community, people and the overall ambience of Bangkok during the end of King Rama 4's reign was amazing to say the least.
Of course you two were more interested in running around the grounds (outside), but that was fine, the rest of the team had a really good morning, my father ended up buying the book of the exhibition and I bought a few postcards for keepsakes.
I'd kept going back to my mother for in depth explanation of this and that, nice to have a walking encyclopedia along side, lol. Will certainly keep an ear to the ground for exhibitions like this, lol.


text:
"Lovely Rita" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1967 album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. It was written and sung by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney. It is about a meter maid and the narrator's affection for her.

Inspiration
The term "meter-maid", largely unknown in the UK before the song's release, is American slang for a female traffic warden. According to some sources, "Lovely Rita" originates from when a female traffic warden named Meta Davies issued a parking ticket to McCartney outside Abbey Road Studios. Instead of becoming angry, he accepted it with good grace and expressed his feelings in song. When asked why he had called her "Rita", McCartney replied, "Well, she looked like a Rita to me".

In his comments to biographer Barry Miles, however, McCartney refuted the idea that this episode inspired the song: "It wasn't based on a real person. I think it was more a question of coincidence … I didn't think, 'Wow, that woman gave me a ticket, I'll write a song about her.' Never happened like that." Author John Winn writes that McCartney's inspiration came from hearing the term "meter maid", after which he began writing the song when visiting his brother Michael in Liverpool.

According to a contemporary report on the recording of "Lovely Rita", in Beat Instrumental magazine, the lyrics were completed by McCartney and John Lennon during the session. A reproduction of the manuscript shows only the opening chorus and verse in McCartney's handwriting; the remaining lyrics appear in Beatles assistant Mal Evans' handwriting, after he and Neil Aspinall joined the two songwriters in a corner of the studio.

Recording
Recording began on 23 February 1967 with eight takes required to achieve a satisfactory basic track. Using a four-track recorder, this first performance featured George Harrison's guitar on track 1, Lennon's guitar on track 2, Ringo Starr's drums on track 3, and McCartney's piano set on track 4. After those individual tracks had been combined in a reduction mix, McCartney overdubbed a bass guitar part.

The 24 February session was devoted to adding vocals. According to engineer Geoff Emerick, McCartney had told George Martin, the band's producer, that he wanted the backing vocals to replicate how the Beach Boys "might approach the song". The Beatles were visited in the studio that evening by Tony Hicks of the Hollies, American musicians David Crosby and Shawn Phillips, and the brother of Ravi Shankar, Harrison's sitar teacher. Also present was Leslie Bryce, a photographer from Beatles Monthly. McCartney recorded his lead vocal with the tape speed reduced, so that his voice sounded at a higher pitch when the speed was corrected. Bryce took photos of Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Crosby grouped around a microphone, and the Beat Instrumental report stated that the backing vocals were recorded that night with Crosby's participation. Phillips later supported this and said that he too sang backing vocals with the three Beatles. However, Phillips' recollection is not supported by others, who say the group vocals were instead overdubbed on 7 March.

The session was led by Lennon and recorded with heavy tape echo. Enjoying the lighthearted session, the Beatles also added percussive effects played on comb and paper, serving as handmade kazoos, and vocalised sounds such as moans, sighs and screams. The latter sounds appear over the song's extended coda. Martin later described the session as "anarchy", given how little was achieved over the seven hours, and cited it as a precedent for the group's "undisciplined, sometimes self-indulgent" method of working on Magical Mystery Tour later in 1967.

A second piano, played by Martin and processed electromechanically to wobble in and out of tune, was added for the solo on 21 March. This session was again filled with visitors. Among these were the band Pink Floyd, who were recording in a neighbouring studio and gained entry to the session through their producer, Norman Smith, formerly the Beatles' recording engineer. Although Pink Floyd were established as one of the leading bands in the London underground scene, they were intimidated to be in the Beatles' presence. Drummer Nick Mason recalled that they watched the band mixing "Lovely Rita" but they were "God-like figures to us" and any interaction between the two groups was minimal. Pink Floyd later used effects inspired by "Lovely Rita" when recording their instrumental composition "Pow R. Toc H." from their debut album, The Piper at the Gates of Dawn.

The final mono mix was completed that night, and a month later, the stereo mix was done. During mixdown the tape machine ran at 48.75 Hz instead of the standard 50 Hz, affecting the pitch on the released track. With vari-speed having been applied throughout the recording process, the song's key is around E flat major. According to Martin, "Lovely Rita" and "When I'm Sixty Four" were the songs that would have been cut from Sgt. Pepper had the Beatles not been pressured into issuing "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "Penny Lane" as a non-album single in advance of the album's release. In the opinion of music critic Richie Unterberger, "Lovely Rita" is "one of the more lighthearted songs on Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, and consequently one of the more critically overlooked".

McCartney live performances and cover versions
McCartney first performed "Lovely Rita" in concert on 4 May 2013, when he opened his Out There! world tour at the Estádio Mineirão in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Fats Domino included the song on his 1968 album Fats Is Back. Richie Unterberger dismisses Domino's version as a "none-too-thrilling soul cover". In 1976, Roy Wood of ELO and Wizzard recorded the song for All This and World War II, a film that set new recordings of 30 Lennon–McCartney compositions to newsreel footage from World War II.

Joan Osborne sings the song on the 2009 Cheap Trick release Sgt. Pepper Live. The Easy Star All-Stars recorded a version with guest vocalists Bunny Rugs and U-Roy for their 2009 Sgt. Pepper tribute album Easy Star's Lonely Hearts Dub Band.

Personnel
According to Ian MacDonald, the line-up on the Beatles' recording was as follows:

The Beatles
Paul McCartney – lead and backing vocal, piano, bass guitar, comb and tissue paper
John Lennon – backing vocal, vocal percussion, acoustic rhythm guitar, comb and tissue paper
George Harrison – backing vocal, acoustic rhythm guitar, comb and tissue paper
Ringo Starr – drums, comb and tissue paper

Additional musician
George Martin – piano (solo)

References

Sources

External links

 Full lyrics for the song at the Beatles' official website

1967 songs
The Beatles songs
Songs written by Lennon–McCartney
Song recordings produced by George Martin
Songs published by Northern Songs
Songs about police officers
Psychedelic songs
Music hall songs


Do you have a passion in helping support children within the classroom?
Pertemps Education is looking to recruit Teaching Assistants (TA) and Learning Support Assistants (LSA) for contracted and permanent positions in Primary Schools in and around the Thurrock district. We are specifically looking for individuals who understand the current primary curriculum to support in a general classroom basis as well as 1-2-1 . There are opportunities available across Early Years (EYFS) and both Key Stages 1 (KS1) and 2 (KS2).


Moo you looking at – Cee's Black & White Photo Challenge – Horns | Pictures without film.
As soon as I saw the post I knew which photo I wanted to rework for this, it is from way back in the archives when I was using the Fuji HS20. Not sure why this has stuck in my memory for so long, but it did.
'Moo you looking at', Merthyr Mawr, 2012.


The Pantanal is the largest floodplain freshwater in the world with a floodable area over 200,000 km2, comparable on surface with countries like Great Britain.
Although the Pantanal also extends into Bolivia and Paraguay, more than 70% of it is in Brazil, of which 2/3 in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.
The ecosystem of the Pantanal is outstanding for its extraordinary biodiversity and for the ease of observation of all its wildlife thanks to the absence of dense forests and the consequent good visibility that we have on its terrain.
The Pantanal was declared World Natural Heritage and Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO and on the border between the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul the Brazilian government created the Pantanal National Park. The park is a protected nature reserve and its locality is of great importance for the reproduction of fish stocks, which form the basis of the feeding of much of the local fauna. Besides the National Park, the Pantanal still has several natural reserves of a private nature.
Although the Pantanal is well known among most of the Brazilian population, outside our country it has always lived in the shadow of the Amazon Forest as an ecotourism destination. Whoever has visited the two regions, it is easy to conclude that for the observation of wildlife the Pantanal is truly unique!


I don't usually comment directly on the news, but something came to my attention today that I want to comment on. It is about the shooting in the Amish school house. I cannot imagine what something like that can do to such a closely knit community. It must hurt so much. My mom mentioned to me today that apparently the families of the girls even on the night of the disaster were concerned for the family of the shooter. They were making plans to bring food to his family. I think I can certainly learn something about forgiveness from this. I think we all can. Our country could learn from this.
The mention of concern for the family is at the end of the audio clip.
This was the only house I designed in school. The assignment was to use the 20' x 20' x 20' cube. . . assumed to be rigid. I like the feel of it. We also tried to encorporate passive heating and cooling. The water side of the building is North, which made things more difficult.


South Park should poke fun at the whole emo thing, personally i think emo people are a pile of sh*t, "their fake"
They did do something similar when Stan feel into depression and became a Gothic. So I'm not sure how they would do an Emo sort of thing because aren't they very similar?
I think it's a good idea. The emos deserve an episode all their own. Just like when the goth kids got pissed about being accused of being vampires.
Uh.. to whom suggested they spoof the emo subculture, they did. They called the goth kids emo and it pissed em off.
Yeah, but I think the OP was talking about a full-blown episode focusing on emos.
Emo, goth, and "vampire" all fit into the same category to me. I tend to associate all three groups with darkness, anger, terrifying attire, self-harm, and the color black. Though I should say that until I saw the episode, I didn't know what a "vampire kid" was.
Niels0827 wrote: Emo, goth, and "vampire" all fit into the same category to me. I tend to associate all three groups with darkness, anger, terrifying attire, self-harm, and the color black. Though I should say that until I saw the episode, I didn't know what a "vampire kid" was.
Oh, don't even get me started on those "Vampire kids". There's a HUGE difference between them and emos and goths and whatnot. I'm glad M&T made the "The Ungroundable" episode. I don't think they will do anything about emo people, though. They already covered the topic with the Goth Kids enough in that episode.


A contemporary and minimal bollard, the LED Luce E Dintorni (LLD) Fauno M Outdoor Bollard radiates 360° of soft diffused light. The sleek straight lines make the Fauno bollard an outstanding choice for a modern outdoor lighting projects, lighting pathways in residential, commercial and public spaces alike. A versatile outdoor light fitting, the Fauno combines a slim 6cm profile and a choice of 3 heights, with a lumen output of around 1100lm and an IP65 rating. A stainless steel AISI 316L base with supplied fixing screws securely mounts this contemporary bollard to the ground.
Fauno has an energy efficient 9W LED light source with integrated power supply and 230VAC mains voltage, and a choice of 3000K or 4000K light temperatures. The body is constructed from varnished aluminium with a satinized steel bracket & a opal PMMA diffuser. Finished in sleek matt white, matt black, matt grey, or in COR-TEN (rusted) and anthracite. Supplied with a 500mm cable. Not suitable for dimming. Smaller Fauno S available - see below.