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ten signs of data science maturity pdf pdf
Ten Signs of Data Science Maturity Peter Guerra and Kirk Borne
Ten Signs of Data Science Maturity
by Peter Guerra and Kirk Borne Copyright © 2016 O'Reilly Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O'Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. O'Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles ( ). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com.
Editor: Tim McGovern Production Editor: Melanie Yarbrough Copyeditor: Melanie Yarbrough Interior Designer: David Futato Cover Designer: Randy Comer Illustrator: Rebecca Demarest February 2016: First Edition
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2016-03-07: First Release Cover photo: by tristanf. The O'Reilly logo is a registered trademark of O'Reilly Media, Inc. Ten Signs of Data Science Maturity and related trade dress are trademarks of O'Reilly Media, Inc. While the publisher and the authors have used good faith efforts to ensure that the information and instructions contained in this work are accurate, the publisher and the authors disclaim all responsibility for errors or omissions, including without limitation responsibility for damages resulting from the use of or reliance on this work. Use of the information and instructions contained in this work is at your own risk. If any code samples or other technology this work contains or describes is subject to open source licenses or the intellectual property rights of others, it is your responsibility to ensure that your use thereof complies with such licenses and/or rights. 978-1-491-95252-8 [LSI]
Ten Signs of a Mature Data Science
If you want to build a ship, don't drum up people to collect wood, and don't assign them tasks and work, but rather teach them to long for the endless immensity of the sea. Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
Over the years in working with US government, commercial, and international organizations, we have had the privilege of helping our clients design and build a data science capability to support and drive their missions. These missions have included improving health, defending the nation, improving energy distribution, serving citizens and veterans better, improving pharmaceutical discovery, and more. Often, our engagements have turned into exercises in transforming how the organization operates —"building a capability" means building a culture to support and make the most of data science. In many cases, this culture change has delivered significant insights into big challenges the world faces —poverty, disease outbreaks, ocean health, and so forth. We have encountered a wide variety of successful organizational structures, skill levels, technologies, and algorithmic patterns.
Based on those experiences, we share here our perspective on how to assess whether the data science capability that you are developing within your own organization is achieving maturity. In no particular order, here are our top ten characteristics of a mature data science capability.
A mature data science organization… 1. …democratizes all data and data access
Let's make one thing clear from the start: Silos suck! Most organizations early on in the data-science learning curve spend most of their time assembling data and not analyzing it. Mature data science organizations realize that in order to be successful they must enable their members to access and use all available data—not some of the data, not a subset, not a sample, but all data. A lawyer wouldn't go to court with only some of the evidence to support their case—they would go with all appropriate evidence. Similarly, mature data science organizations use all of their data to understand their business domain, needs, and performance. Successful organizations take the time to understand all the data they collect, to understand its uses and content, and to allow easy access.
Some ave suggested that big data and data science are mutually exclusive: Focusing on increasing data-gathering ("big data") comes at the expense of quality analysis ("data science"). We disagree. They are mutually conducive to discovery, data-driven decision-making, and big return on analytics innovation. Big data isn't about the volume of data nearly as much as it is about "all data"—stitching diverse data sources together in new and interesting ways that facilitate data science exploration and exploitation of all data sources for powerful predictive and prescriptive analysis. You can't have mature data science without democratizing access to all data. That means standardizing metadata, access protocols, and discovery mechanisms. You aren't mature until you have done that for all data.
Here is where cultural incentives are so important. We've seen too many organizations that still use data as power levers: we hear that we can't get data because a single person is the data steward and access has to be controlled. Governance is essential, but it can't be a pretext for one person or group maintaining power by controlling access to data. Let go, and let data discovery and innovation begin!
2. …uses Agile for everything and leverages DataOps (i.e., DevOps for Data Product Development).
Some traditional organizations are stuck in older ways of managing processes and development. If your IT and development departments are asking for requirements and expect to deliver a year or more out, then you may be experiencing this. These organizations are resistant to change— consequently, requests for new tools and methods go before review boards and endless architecture/design committees to justify the expenditure. Often, a large effort will be funded simply to study whether the proposed solution will work. Other times, a committee will decide which analytic problems are the most pressing. Paralysis of analysis must be broken in order to achieve data science maturity and success. Bureaucracy doesn't work well in science, and it doesn't work in data
Just as Agile development has championed user stories and short iterations over long drawn-out requirements and delayed delivery, Agile data science requires both close collaboration within the business and the freedom to experiment. Agile is not a software development methodology, it is a mindset. It permeates all levels of the mature organization. When was the last time your CEO or senior manager held a retrospective or SCRUM meeting? Understanding how to promote a flexible culture, organization, and technology that work together can be challenging, but immensely rewarding because of the collaboration and creativity it cultivates. An agile DevOps methodology for data product development is critical—we call this DataOps. DataOps works on the same principles as DevOps: tight collaboration between product developers and the operational end users; clear and concise requirements gathering and analysis rounds; shorter iteration cycles on product releases (including successes and fast-fail opportunities); faster time to market; better definition of your MVP (Minimum Viable Product) for quick wins with lower product failure rates; and generally creating a dynamic, engaging team atmosphere across the organization. In addition to these general Agile characteristics, DataOps accelerates current data analytics enables previously impossible analytics. With a sharpened focus on each MVP and the corresponding SCRUM sprints, DataOps minimizes team downtime from both lengthy review cycles and the costs of cognitive switching between different projects.
Mature data science capability reaches its full potential in an agile DataOps environment.
3. …leverages the crowd and works collaboratively with businesses (i.e., data champions, hackathons, etc.).
Data science groups that live in a bubble are missing out on the best community out there. Activities that promote data science for social good, including open or internal competitions (like Kaggle), are a great way to sharpen skills, learn new ones, or just generally collaborate with other parts of the business.
In addition, mature data science teams don't try to go at it alone, but instead work collaboratively with the rest of the organization. One successful tactic is sponsoring internal data science competitions, which are great for team building and integration. The mature data science organization has a collaborative culture in which the data science team works side by side with the business to solve critical problems using data. Another approach is internal crowdsourcing (within your organization)—this is particularly strong for surfacing the best questions for data scientists to tackle. The mature data science capability crowdsources internally several different tasks in the data science process lifecycle, including data selection; data cleaning; data preparation and transformations; ensemble model generation; model
eaning
and preparation can easily consume 50–80% of a project's entire effort, you can accrue significant project time savings and risk reduction by parallelizing (through crowdsourcing) those cleaning and preparation efforts, especially by crowdsourcing to those parts of the organization that are most familiar with particular data products and databases.
Also, algorithms don't solve all problems. It is still incredibly difficult for an algorithm to understand all possible contexts of an outcome and pick the right one. Humans must be in the loop still, and a deep understanding of the context of the challenge is essential to solid interpretation of data and creating accurate models.
4. …follows rigorous scientific methodology (i.e., measured, experimental, disciplined, iterative, refining hypotheses as needed).
Exploratory and undisciplined are not compatible. Data science must be disciplined. That does not mean constrained, unimaginative, or bureaucratic. Some organizations hire a few data scientists and sit them in cubes and expect instant results. In other cases, the data scientists work within the IT organization that is focused on operations, not discovery and innovation.
Mature data science capability is built on the foundation of the scientific method. First, make observations (i.e., collect data on the objects, events, and processes that affect your business)— collect data in order to understand your business by embedding measurement systems or processes (or people) at appropriate places in your business workflow. Think of interesting questions to explore, and then formulate testable hypotheses with your business partners. Once you have a good set of questions and hypotheses, then test them—analyze data, develop a data science model, or design a new algorithm to validate each hypothesis, or else refine the hypothesis and iterate. This methodology will ensure that value is created when formal scientific rigor is applied. That's an undeniable sign of mature data science capability.
A key part of the scientific process is knowing the limits of your sample. Looking for and testing for selection bias is key. Similarly, it is important to understand that "big data" does not spell the end to incomplete samples (unfair sampling) or sample variance (natural diversity).
5. …attracts and retains diverse participants, and grants them freedom to explore.
The key word is diverse. What fun is a bunch of math nerds? (Three statisticians go out hunting together. After a while they spot a solitary rabbit. The first statistician takes aim and overshoots the rabbit by one meter. The second aims and undershoots it by one meter. The third shouts out "We got it!") Some organizations are looking for data scientists who are great coders, who also understand and apply complex applied mathematics, who know a lot about the specific business domain, and who can communicate with all stakeholders. One or two such people may exist—we call them purple unicorns. Mature organizations recognize that data science is a team sport, with each member contributing valuable unique skills and points of view.
Among those skills and competencies are these: Advanced Database/Data Management & Data Structures; Smart Metadata for Indexing, Search, & Retrieval; Data Mining (Machine Learning) and Analytics (KDD = Knowledge Discovery from Data); Statistics and Statistical Programming; Data & Information Visualization; Network Analysis and Graph Mining (everything is a graph!); Semantics (Natural Language Processing, Ontologies); Data-intensive Computing (e.g., Hadoop, Spark, Cloud, etc.); Modeling & Simulation (computational data science); and Domain-Specific Data Analysis Tools.
But don't think that every person must have at least one of those technical skills at the outset—some of the best data science organizations grow those skillsets from within, by identifying the core aptitudes among their current staff that lead to data science success (even within nontechnology trained staff). Those core aptitudes include the
communicative, collaborative, courageous problem-solver, commitment to life-long learning, consultative (can-do, will-do attitude), cool under pressure (persistence, resilience, adaptability, and ambiguity tolerance), computational, and critical thinker (objective analyzer). Diverse perspectives are beneficial on multiple fronts. They make the questions more interesting, but more importantly they make the answers even more interesting, useful, and informative. Answers are given greater context that can yield greater impact. Mature data science capability understands that you need more than just math or computer science folks on projects. The mature organization integrates business experts, SMEs, "data storytellers", and creative "data artists" seamlessly, and then grants them the freedom to explore and exploit the full power of their data assets. The output from such diverse teams will be richer than that from any purple unicorn. And remember, it is better to have both a horse and a narwhal than a unicorn!
6. …relentlessly asks the right questions, and constantly searches for the next one.
The fundamental building block of a successful and mature data science capability is the ability to ask the right types of questions of the data. This is rooted in the understanding of how the business runs or how any business challenge manifests itself. The best data science team covers all the aptitude
life-long learner, doer, and resilient.
Mature data science capability is exemplified in the relentless pursuit of new questions to ask (even questions that could never be answered before) and in asking questions of the questions! Data science maturity frees the organization to ask the hard questions across the entirety of the business, is disciplined in how it asks those questions, and is not afraid of getting the "wrong answer." In this instance, data science capability maturity tracks analytics maturity in the following sense. Advanced analytics is often described as the new stages of analytics that go beyond traditional business intelligence, which covers Descriptive Analytics (hindsight) and Diagnostic Analytics (oversight). The current view of advanced analytics includes these new stages: Predictive Analytics (foresight) and Prescriptive Analytics (insight—understanding your business sufficiently to know which decisions, actions, or interventions will lead to the best, optimal outcome). The next emerging stage of analytics maturity is Cognitive Analytics ("the right sight")—knowing the right question to ask of your data (at the right time, in the right context, for the right use case). This "cognitive" ability to come up with not just the right answers but with the right questions (especially questions that were never asked or considered before) is the highest level of both analytics maturity and data science capability maturity. As the adage says: "The only bad question is the one that you don't ask." 7. …celebrates a fast-fail collaborative culture.
Culture is a hard thing to define, but if you look at what a team celebrates, that is a good indicator. Some organizations are afraid to fail, or have a culture where that is frowned upon. They are more
science strategy. Admitting mistakes is one thing, but purposefully exploring the unknown with your data is not a mistake. Test your organization's maturity by asking yourself: when my hypothesis fails, then what happens? The fast-fail mindset understands and appreciates the proper meaning of this adage: "Good judgment comes from experience. And experience comes from bad judgment."
explores the limits of what can be learned quickly by iterating on multiple hypotheses with agility. This may require that you invite your business unit partners to explore with you—that's DataOps (see
ts success
and maturity (see ). Mature data science capability allows for an iterative fast-fail culture on your path to achieving the most rewarding discoveries, making the best evidence-based decisions, and delivering the most innovative choices for your organization.
The optics around a project failing is often difficult to overcome. It is hard to justify spending limited resources only to find out that the hypothesis was wrong—the value from knowing what not to do is often lost or not celebrated within the culture. A mature data science capability is familiar with traditional A/B testing—designing experiments to test and evaluate alternative hypotheses, one of which may include some sort of intervention or tuning (the treatment sample) and the other is the null hypothesis (applied to the control, untreated sample). Typically, one of those experiments will fail, and one of them will not. That's the whole point of A/B testing. If an organization cannot accept failure, then they are not doing mature data science.
One could argue that fast-fail has an analytical foundation in machine learning algorithms. Specifically, in many classification algorithms, the goal is to define as accurately as possible the boundary (however complex) that separates different classes of objects. That boundary might be linear (e.g., if your team scores more points than my team, then you win), or it might be skew (e.g., if your total score on two exams A + B is greater than 140 out of 200, then you pass the course), or it might be complex (e.g., the hyperplane separating two classes in a Support Vector Machine algorithm when you are working with complex data that has high dimensionality).
In order to circumscribe the boundaries between complex classification rules (e.g., business decisions, product choices, or class labels), the problem space can be represented as a mapping exercise in which the boundaries of the different regions are accurately defined. Determining the location along every "inch" of the border requires detailed, comprehensive probes and surveys. For example, if you are testing the hypothesis that your customers will buy your product on Black Friday only if you offer a deep discount, then you need to try multiple discounts (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or maybe even 0%) to see where the boundary really is. Your profit margin depends critically on identifying the boundary where your ROI is optimized, and that means finding points on both sides of the boundary (failure and success conditions) until the points along the decision boundary are finally triangulated. Fast-fail is essential in such situations—time and resource investments are being wasted otherwise.
8. …shows insights through illustrations and tells stories.
Most organizations have some form of reporting. This is often focused on producing a monthly or weekly retrospective in which a line graph, bar, or pie chart illustrates what has happened in the previous reporting period. This is a clear indication that the organization's capability is not asking the higher-order questions beyond "What happened, and when?" It is stuck in the world of descriptive analytics. It is missing out on the emerging benefits of predictive and prescriptive analytics. The mature data science organization will therefore ask: "Why did that happen, what will happen next, and what can we do to achieve a better outcome?" And the organization can mature further by asking:
When insights are generated to answer the "what if" questions ("What could happen" or "What are all the possible outcomes if we…?"), those answers can't be relegated to a line graph or a bar chart to illustrate the impact of the findings. Infographics and beautiful unique illustrations do more justice to your hard work, and are critical to having the greatest impact. Mature data science capability is focused on the harder questions and then communicates (and illustrates) in new and creative ways the answers, story, and insights that the data are revealing.
Hence, the mature data science team includes one or more people with the skills of a data artist and a data storyteller. Stories and visualizations are where we make connections between facts. They enable the listener to understand better the context (What?), the why (So what?), and "what will work" in the future (Now what?).
9. …builds proof of value, not proof of concepts.
Many organizations start down the path on which delivering a proof of concept is considered successful data science. They want to validate a particular tool that a vendor told them will fix their challenges, so they set up a Hadoop environment (or something similar), pump data into it, ask a question, and see if the system delivers the "right answer." Success! Right? Wrong! Mature data science capability means being methodical in how you think about your pilots. What is it that you really want your pilot to prove—a concept or real business value? Proof of value changes the value proposition of the work. Data platforms are hard enough to architect in the right way for your unique needs. So, focus more on value (answering new questions, opening new markets, deriving new insights), and not so much on answering the question to which you already know the answer. Therefore, focus on proving to the organization that the data science capabilities that you are building are on a journey that will consistently prove value (e.g., 10× in many of our experiences) and that will solve the organization's greatest "unknown unknowns."
The tangible benefits of data products include: Opportunity Costs
Because data science is an emerging field, opportunity costs arise when a competitor implements and generates value from data before you. Failure to learn and account for changing customer demands will inevitably drive customers away from your current offerings. When competitors are able to successfully leverage data science to gain insights, they can drive differentiated customer value propositions and lead their industries as a result. Enhanced Processes
As a result of the increasingly interconnected world, huge amounts of data are being generated and stored every instant. Data
science can be used to transform data into insights that help improve existing processes. Operating costs can be driven down
dramatically by effectively incorporating the complex interrelationships in data like never before. This results in better quality
assurance, higher product yield, and more effective operations.
success with the MVP (Minimum Viable Product)—the product that delivers value (not proof of concept) as quickly as possible, thereby enabling the team to move on to the next success.
10. …personifies data science as a way of doing things, not a thing to do.
Data science is not just a buzzword, or a relabeling of a data analyst or business intelligence function. It is not a way to produce a better monthly report ("TPS report cover sheet, please"). It is certainly not something that someone does once and then moves on.
Often we find organizations that look at data science as another lever within the larger set of gears that are working together to drive an institution. The power of data science within an organization is not in being one cog, no matter how well-connected to the rest of the machine, but by being the gear shaft that turns all the other gears. It is the engine that drives all other functions in an organization. When businesses look at data science to understand their world and use that to determine the best course of action, success invariably follows.
Data science is a fundamental shift in how organizations think and operate. It is using data at the core of all functions in new and interesting ways that make the organization more innovative. The evidence of mature data science capability is an organization that believes and lives this statement: "Now is the time to begin thinking of data science as a profession not a job, as a corporate culture not a corporate agenda, as a strategy not a stratagem, as a core competency not a course, and as a way of doing things not a thing to do." Finally, we offer some guideposts for organizations that may need some assistance in identifying indicators of their current state of maturity plus recommendations for moving forward toward greater data science maturity.
© 2015 Booz Allen Hamilton Tips for Building Data Science Capability Handbook
These tenets that we have outlined are key to ensuring a data science capability is successful within your organization. We believe strongly that tearing down data and organizational silos is key to transforming business and governments into agile, data-driven organizations that can only improve decision making and foster innovation. This is the way forward! © 2015 Booz Allen Hamilton Field Guide to Data Science, page 28.
Peter Guerra is Chief Data Scientist and Vice President leading Booz Allen Hamilton's Data
Science commercial team. He has 15 years of experience in creating big data and data science solutions for government and commercial clients. He was responsible for the architecture and implementation of one of the world's largest Hadoop clusters for the federal government. He has consulted with Fortune 500 companies and federal government organizations throughout his career. Recently, he has focused on data governance and security of large data systems, working on a book for O'Reilly titled Data Security for Modern Enterprises. He is a frequent speaker at large events, including Blackhat, Hadoop Summit, Strata+Hadoop World, Infosec World, Evanta CDO Council, and more. He holds an MBA from Loyola University, a B.A. degree in English and B.S. degree in Computer and Information Science from University of Maryland. Contact him on Twitter at .
Dr. Kirk Borne is the Principal Data Scientist at Booz Allen Hamilton (since 2015). He supports the
Strategic Innovation Group in the area of NextGen Analytics and Data Science. He previously spent 12 years as Professor at George Mason University in the graduate (Ph.D.) Computational Science and Informatics program and undergraduate (B.S.) Computational Data Sciences program. Before that, he worked 18 years on various NASA contracts—as research scientist, as a manager on a large science data system contract, and as the Hubble Telescope Data Archive Project Scientist. His PhD is in Astronomy from Caltech. He has applied his expertise in science and large data systems as a consultant and advisor to numerous agencies and firms, focusing on the use of data for discovery, decision support, and innovation across many different domains and industries. He is also a blogger (rocketdatascience.org) and actively promotes data literacy for everyone by disseminating information related to data science and analytics on social media, where he has been named consistently since 2013 among the top worldwide influencers in big data and data science. Follow him on Twitter at
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How to tell if you're Israeli-Jewish
by Alon Levy
Another response to my How to Tell If You're American page.
Alon Levy is a mathematician, who blogs about public transportation at Pedestrian Observations, and has lived in many countries. He grew up in Israel, went to school in Singapore and the US, and has more recently lived in Canada and Sweden.
--M.R.
If you're Israeli-Jewish…
You're familiar with Israeli localizations of many popular international shows: Sesame Street, Wheel of Fortune, Who Wants to be a Millionaire?, Big Brother, ___ Idol. You think those localizations are a lot more similar to the original than they actually are — for example, it will surprise you to hear that the original has Big Bird.
You're familiar with the most popular American TV shows: Friends, Married With Children, Seinfeld, Everybody Loves Raymond, ER, House. If you're upper middle-class or richer, you think British shows are better, but still watch American ones. If you're in the correct age range, about 20-35, you're familiar with Chiquititas, Rebelde, Three Thousand Leagues in Search of Mother (which you call The Heart), and Hélène et les Garçons (which you call Helene's Friends). Other than The Heart and Pokémon, it's unlikely you've watched any anime.
Comedy is extremely irreverent. You mock Americans for being so politically correct. Any ethnic group, regardless of you're a member, is a good source of jokes, and if someone calls you a racist for mocking foreign accents, you'll be upset. The Holocaust is another source of jokes, including some that in Europe are only told by neo-Nazis.
You watch Eurovision. Every year you hope Israel will win, which it sometimes does.
Everyone uses Facebook, for everything, and often sets their permissions to public. Public figures use it to connect with supporters, politicians use it to announce policies, activists use it to spread information about protests and troll opposing politicians' pages, communities use Facebook groups as their message boards, and people brag about the number of likes their statuses and comments get. Everyone uses WhatsApp, and communicates with their friends and coworkers in WhatsApp groups, including public figures. Few people use Twitter. Nobody uses Tencent QQ or Qzone.
You know how soccer is played. You call it kaduregel (kadur = ball, regel = foot/leg), and borrow the English word football for the American sport. You almost certainly also know how basketball is played. If you're male, you can argue intricate points about the rules of both basketball and soccer.
In basketball, Maccabi Tel Aviv almost always wins so you probably care about the Euroleague more than the domestic league — unless you're a dedicated fan of another club, you'll cheer if Maccabi Tel Aviv wins the European championship, which it often does.
Sports teams tend to be named after a sports club (usually Maccabi, Hapoel, or Beitar) and the city. The decision for which club to support is often political: Beitar descends from the forerunners of Likud, and Hapoel ("The Worker") from Labor, and Beitar Jerusalem is strongly identified with working-class right-wing politics. If you're a centrist or a leftist, you think Beitar fans are thugs.
Your national team made the World Cup, once, and busted out in the group stage. If you're male, it's likely that every two years you watch the World Cup and Euro qualifiers hoping Israel makes it, which it never does.
You think of McDonald's as American food, neither particularly cheap nor particularly expensive. You probably think local fast food — shawarma, falafel, hummus, sabich — is better.
You do not consider dogs, cats, or insects to be food, and think it's awful that Thai migrant workers do. Unless you're completely secular, you don't eat pork or shellfish, so most of the time, the meat you eat is just beef, chicken, and lamb. If you're older, you associate poverty with not being able to afford meat.
If you're younger and left-of-center, it's likely that you think all good people should be vegans, and if you don't, it's likely you feel guilty about eating meat. If you're right-of-center, older, or just don't care much for veganism, you probably think vegans are annoying assholes.
You're probably somewhat traditional. You think of people who wear yarmulkes or head coverings as "the religious people," unless you're one of them, and then you think everyone who's more secular than you is "the secular people."
You find the idea of driving on Yom Kippur unthinkable. Even if you're completely secular, driving is out of the question on that day; riding a bike on the vehicle-free streets will be your nod to public celebration of the day. If you're super-secular, you'll plan a festive meal you'll merely ride a bike; if you're even somewhat traditional, you'll probably fast, avoid public biking, and may attend a synagogue for part of the day
You know what religion you practice (if any) and what religion the government considers you to be affiliated with. If your mother was insufficiently Jewish by government standards, you may be registered as having no religion. This will make it harder for you to get married.
Inside Israel, you can only be married in a religious ceremony, to another Jew. The courts recognize foreign marriages as a compromise (including gay marriages performed in countries where they're legal); some secular people get married abroad, especially in Cyprus, to avoid dealing with religious weddings. To get married locally, you will need a rabbi, who will usually demand a bribe, and, unless you're very religious, shame you for not being religious enough.
Regardless of how you got married, if you want to get divorced, you'll have to go through a religious court. According to rabbinical law, the husband must consent to a divorce (it's called a get), and the courts may not compel him to consent, only impose penalties if he doesn't.
You think Reform and Conservative Judaisms aren't really Judaism.
The Bible is, of course, the Hebrew Bible. You've read a lot of it even if you're completely nonreligious (it's mandatory in school from grades 2 to 12), but unless you're religious, or working-class and went to a school run by Shas, you haven't read much if any Talmud.
If you've met American Jews, you find their customs strange and assimilated.
You know that Arabs in Israel are either Muslim (most) or Christian (a minority), but don't know much about their religious practices beyond that. You could not name what denominations most of the Christians are (Greek Orthodox, or Eastern Catholic). What you know of Christianity, you got from American media. It's very unlikely you've read any of the New Testament or the Qur'an. You will still tell Europeans you know all about Muslims because there are so many in Israel.
If you're middle-class or richer and are not Haredi yourself, you think the Haredim are destroying the country with their large families, lifelong yeshiva studies, low employment rates and incomes, high welfare claims, and lack of military service.
If male, you are circumcised. You think the idea that circumcision is bad is anti-Semitic.
If a man has sex with another man, or a woman with another woman, they're homosexual. If you're secular, you don't mind very much, and are proud that Israel is so gay-friendly (but would still make homophobic jokes); if you're religious, you think it's an abomination.
You probably live in an apartment, and probably own it. You think a single-family house is aspirational, but at the same time you think high-rise towers are for rich people in North Tel Aviv.
You own a television, a computer, a refrigerator, and a cellphone. Your place has its own bathroom and shower. You do your laundry in a machine. You don't kill your own food. You eat at a table, sitting on chairs. Your floor and walls are made of cinderblock, and you probably have a balcony that you've enclosed with ugly plastic shutters to provide more interior space.
You probably don't have central heating, since the winters are mild — if you heat at all, you'll use an air conditioner set to heat or an electric space heater next to your bed. You probably have air conditioning and cannot imagine summer without it.
If you're working class, you don't own a car, but consider owning one to be aspirational — you can't really cope without one given how terrible public transportation is. The trains catch fire!
You work 5.5 days a week, and consider working only 5 days a week to be somewhat of a novelty.
You do not expect unemployment and inflation to both be very high, say more than 10%. There was hyperinflation thirty years ago, which gave everyone with a mortgage a free apartment; since then, all debts and most savings have been indexed.
You think dying at 65 would be a tragedy. You have universal health care, but probably couldn't name the prime ministerial administration that passed it (Rabin II). You think the public health care system is unsanitary, slow, inefficient, underfunded, and generally terrible.
You were born in a hospital, delivered by a midwife, under the supervision of a doctor.
You constantly compare living standards to Europe and North America, and find Israel deficient in virtually every way. But you're also proud that Israel didn't really experience the financial crisis in 2008. Whether you think more about the lower living standards or about the recession avoidance depends a lot on where you are on the left-right spectrum.
As a vestige of socialism, agriculture is done in collectives, called kibbutzim and moshavim. You almost certainly aren't a farmer, and resent the social and economic privileges the kibbutzim and moshavim have.
You can conduct business and deal with government agencies without paying bribes. But it helps if you know the clerk you're dealing with, or if you know someone who knows the clerk; it would smooth the process of getting permits or avoiding fees.
If you're late on a payment, even if it was sent to a previous address through no fault of your own, the collection agency can freeze your bank accounts without notice. If you're heavily in debt, you can be put in prison. This used to happen a lot, but has become much rarer since a 1993 High Court of Justice ruling.
Israel is a multiethnic country, consisting of Jews from all backgrounds. It's also 20% Arab; unless you live in one of the few mixed cities, you don't think about Arabs much, and have no Arab friends. Unless you're on the far left, you think it's natural that Israel should be a Jewish state.
You say Moroccans when you mean Moroccan Jews in Israel, and the same holds for Iraqis, Poles, Romanians, Ethiopians, Lithuanians, and (Soviet) Russians. Germans are an exception: when you talk about Germans you mean the non-Jewish ones in Germany; the German Jews you call Yekkes.
If you're Russian or Mizrahi, you harbor some resentment toward the Ashkenazi hegemony. If you're educated Russian, you're probably perfectly integrated into the mainstream, but still harbor some resentment. If you're educated Mizrahi, you're somewhat integrated, and may complain loudly about Ashkenazi privileges and racism and about Russians being Ashkenazi. If you're Ashkenazi, you think Mizrahi and Russian people are whiners.
You don't care who your relatives marry, as long as they're Jewish (or maybe white Christians from the US or the nicer parts of Europe). You think the extreme right-wingers who protest at mixed marriages are thugs, but would not want your female relatives to marry Arabs. If your relatives marry down the ethnic hierarchy, e.g. anyone marrying an Ethiopian, or an Ashkenazi marrying a Mizrahi, you won't say anything to their faces, but might say "oh, he's one of the good ones," or make subtly disparaging comments.
There are black refugees in South Tel Aviv. If you're on the center or right, you think they're work migrants who should be deported. If you're on the left, you think they're a terrible social problem and it's unfair they're all in one traditionally-Mizrahi neighborhood, and should be dispersed nationwide; you've heard of a few people who want them to stay where they are, and think those people are callous and don't care about the neighborhood's longstanding residents.
Mizrahis mock Ashkenazis for being cold and distant, and somewhat less mockingly, Ashkenazis think Mizrahis are very warm and familiar. If you're Ashkenazi and you're talking to someone, you'll be uncomfortable if they approach closer than about a meter; if you're Mizrahi, you'll be uncomfortable if they keep a distance of more than about half a meter.
You believe there's an essential, real difference between Jews and non-Jews. If you're science-minded, you think it's genetic; if you're more spiritual, you believe there's a Jewish soul that you're either born with or you're not. Converting to Judaism can only happen if you already have that Jewish soul.
There's a left, a center, and a right. Nowadays, the left is ineffectual and never wins, but back in the day, it was much more powerful. The distinction today is less about socioeconomics and more about one's attitude toward the Palestinians.
You find a multiparty system natural. How else could you express your preference for Mizrahi ultra-Orthodox politics (Shas), or New Left Zionism (Meretz), or secular right-wing nationalism (Yisrael Beitenu)?
There's a new major center party every election cycle or two: the Center Party ('99), Shinui ('99, '03), Gil ('06), Kadima ('06, '09), Hatnua ('13), Yesh Atid ('13, '15) and now Kulanu ('15). Unless you vote for these parties, you shake your head at them, especially Yesh Atid's leader, Yair Lapid — if you didn't vote for him, you think he is ridiculous and stupid.
If you're a feminist or Orthodox, you think pornography, sex work, and surrogate motherhood are evil.
You think the rest of the world criticizes Israel too much and needs to criticize Muslims more, or focus on its own internal problems. The only reason this could be is anti-Semitism — there's no other reason to focus on Israel so much.
You expect all parties to be Zionist, and responsive to the social concerns of the poor people of your own ethnic group. But you think socialism is outdated.
Everybody knows the courts are run by leftists who won't let the Knesset and the military do their job.
The military is extremely important. Unless you're Haredi, you won't vote for a party headed by politicians who didn't serve. Service in an elite unit is a huge bonus for one's political career. Most IDF chiefs of staff join politics after they leave the military, and some become ministers of defense or prime ministers.
You think your kind isn't being listened enough to in the government.
You think most problems would be solved if only there were a strong leader who could bash people's heads together and force them to put aside their differences.
Everybody knows the UN is a ridiculous, anti-Semitic organization that puts Qaddafi's Libya on a human rights council.
You think Israeli culture is unique in that it has to deal with so much terrorism. But at the same time, you obsessively compare Israel to the rest of the developed world on various metrics of political and economic success, to either justify or attack the government. For example, you think whatever injustices Israel may have done to the Arabs are no big deal, because look at what the US did to the Indians.
A 50% income tax rate is reasonable, but you're not paying it because you're not that rich. You worry mainly about the VAT, currently 18%, which politicians raise and cut based on their whims.
You think that populism is a bad thing, and that all political parties except the one you voted for are populist.
If a politician cheats on his wife, it's normal politics. You only start judging when a president rapes women, or when an interior minister or former prime minister gets sent to jail for corruption.
Of course the mayor's being investigated for corruption. They all are. Usually they take turns, but a couple years ago there were nearly ten investigations simultaneously. Sometimes there are even convictions, especially for Mizrahi mayors.
If you're Ashkenazi, it's very likely you have a second passport, issued by a European country one of your grandparents came from. If you're not, and you're left-of-center, you may consider a foreign passport aspirational. The city you're most likely to want to move to outside Israel is Berlin. If you're on the center or right, you think many leftists are traitors who want to leave the country, and if you're also Mizrahi or Russian, you think it's because they're condescending Ashkenazis.
The Palestinians
Your country is in control of territories that aren't really part of it. There are settlements, which the government subsidizes. If you're not a settler, and are not right-wing, you think the settlements are a waste of money. If you are right-wing, you think the settlements are part of the mission of settling the entire Land of Israel.
If you're on the center or left, you want some two-state solution, but think the Palestinians are whiners and terrorists.
Some of Israel's Arab citizens identify as Palestinians, which you find threatening and refuse to acknowledge.
If you're on the center or right, you think the Palestinians are an invention, and might purposely refer to them as Arabs and refuse to even say the word Palestinian.
Occasionally, you hear in the news that there was a riot in the Territories, and some Palestinians died. Unless you're on the far left, you'd side with the IDF's version that the Palestinians who died were about to kill Israelis. Regardless of what you think of the settlers and the Haredis, the idea of the government using the same force against them repulses you.
A huge chunk of the aphorisms you use in daily language are Biblical or Talmudic. You think a lot of the words in Biblical Hebrew are identical to their Modern Hebrew equivalents, e.g. you think the Leviathan was a whale because that's what the word means in Modern Hebrew.
Another huge chunk of aphorisms comes from the military, unless you're Haredi.
You probably speak English well enough to communicate with a monolingual foreigner. If you speak English very well, you'll mock the people who only speak it moderately well for making grammatical mistakes like "I must to go" and "let me to go."
Unless you're an immigrant, it's unlikely you speak anything other than Hebrew and English. You'll probably respect someone who speaks Asian or non-English European languages, but if someone who is not Arab speaks Arabic, you might well ask them why they bothered.
You know a few German words, which you say with an exaggerated German accent, in a Nazi-like posture. You don't hate the Germans anymore, but you still think of them as the Nazis.
You will talk to everyone in the same way. If you studied any French, you found the tu-vous distinction funny. Why, in Israel you would even call the prime minister by nickname! Pretty much the only people you have to use formal language with are your commanders in the military, and American consular officers when you're getting your visa.
Memorial Day is a day before Independence Day. Holocaust Day is observed on the anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, and not on that of the liberation of Auschwitz. Both days are somber days of reflection; if you're familiar with US Memorial Day, you mock Americans for going shopping on it.
You use the metric system, but you measure many areas in Turkish dunams (1 dunam = 1,000 square meters), because real estate was standardized in the Ottoman era, which only ended in World War One.
There are two calendars: the civil one that nearly the entire world uses, and the Jewish one, which is used for holidays. In either case, the date comes first: 5 Iyar 5708 (and you know what happened that date.)
The decimal point is a point (same word as dot) — that's why it's called the decimal point.
109 is called a milliard. 1012 is called a trillion. 1015 is either a trilliard or a quadrillion. For 1018 and higher, you use the short scale, or, more likely, you don't.
You know the word combina, and couldn't easily translate it into another language. It's a sort of trickery you play on people to get what you want. You don't think of it as fraud most of the time, but if someone does it to you, you'll be pissed.
Foreign films and TV series for adults are subtitled. Foreign films and TV series for children are dubbed.
In school, you went over Classical Mediterranean, Classical Arab, Medieval and Modern European, and American history. You know next to nothing about Africa, pre-Columbian America, Latin America, or Asia east of Iran.
School is free. Private, tuition-funded schools don't exist, but there are some prestigious charter schools, like Alliance, which you call private schools. University isn't free, and scholarships and loans don't really exist, so you have to come up with $2,500-3,000 a year yourself to get a degree, usually by working for a year and saving money before going to university.
University is 3 years long, unless you're studying medicine, and then it's 7 including internship. You only start your studies after you finished your military service. You seriously resent Arabs for getting to start university straight out of high school.
In high school, most students, especially from middle-class or richer backgrounds, go on field trips to Poland, to see the concentration camps. If you've gone on one, you think the modern Poles are all anti-Semites, but still treated the trip as an irreverent opportunity to have fun.
Unless you're religious, you think of holidays as school holidays — in kindergarten and early elementary school people always talk about the importance of each holiday right before it happens. You're likely to be a bit fuzzy on the details of the one important fast day in Judaism that happens during summer vacation, Tisha B'Av ("9th of Av").
If you have an appointment, you'll mutter an excuse if you're ten minutes late. An hour late is almost inexcusable.
You expect to bargain for things at the outdoors market, but not at more upscale indoors stores.
Once you're past university, you very rarely simply show up at someone's place. People have to invite each other over, especially if a meal is involved.
You are extremely direct, and think Americans are timid and square.
If you have a business appointment or interview with someone, you expect to have that person to yourself, and the business shouldn't take more than an hour or so.
You're a little suspicious of people who are too polite. A little rudeness is expected.
You're very suspicious of people who smile — are they making fun of you?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Die Samtfische (Aploactininae) leben an den Küsten des tropischen Indopazifik, die meisten Arten in indonesischen und australischen Gewässern. Namensgebend sind die umgewandelten, winzigen Schuppen, die den Fischen ein samtartiges Aussehen verleihen, einige Arten sind aber schuppenlos.

Merkmale
Ihr Kopf ist mit stachelartigen Auswüchsen gepanzert. Alle Flossenstrahlen sind ungeteilt. Die Rückenflosse beginnt bei den meisten Arten (nicht bei Adventor und Peristrominous) direkt über dem Auge. Die ersten drei bis fünf Stachelstrahlen der Rückenflosse sind normalerweise nicht mit den folgenden durch Flossenmembran verbunden. Bei vier Arten bilden die ersten drei bis vier Stachelstrahlen eine separate Rückenflosse. Die Stachelstrahlen der Afterflosse sind nicht deutlich ausgeprägt oder fehlen. Die Bauchflossen haben einen Hart- und nur zwei bis drei Weichstrahlen.

Die Tiere sind noch wenig erforscht.

Systematik
Es gibt 17 Gattungen und über 45 Arten:

 Gattung Acanthosphex Fowler, 1938
 Acanthosphex leurynnis
 Gattung Adventor Whitley, 1952
 Adventor elongatus
 Gattung Aploactis
 Aploactis aspera
 Gattung Aploactisoma Castelnau, 1872
 Aploactisoma milesii
 Gattung Bathyaploactis Whitley, 1933
 Bathyaploactis curtisensis
 Bathyaploactis ornatissima
 Gattung Cocotropus Kaup, 1858
 Cocotropus altipinnis
 Cocotropus astakhovi
 Cocotropus dermacanthus
 Cocotropus echinatus
 Cocotropus eksae
 Cocotropus izuensis
 Cocotropus keramaensis
 Cocotropus larvatus
 Cocotropus masudai
 Cocotropus microps
 Cocotropus monacanthus
 Cocotropus possi
 Cocotropus richeri
 Cocotropus roseomaculatus
 Cocotropus roseus
 Cocotropus steinitzi
 Gattung Erisphex Jordan & Starks, 1904
 Erisphex aniarus
 Erisphex philippinus
 Erisphex pottii
 Erisphex simplex
 Gattung Kanekonia Tanaka, 1915
 Kanekonia florida
 Kanekonia leichhardti Johnson, 2013
 Kanekonia pelta
 Kanekonia queenslandica
 Gattung Matsubarichthys Poss & Johnson, 1991
 Matsubarichthys inusitatus
 Gattung Neoaploactis
 Neoaploactis tridorsalis
 Gattung  Paraploactis Bleeker, 1864
 Paraploactis hongkongiensis
 Paraploactis intonsa
 Paraploactis kagoshimensis
 Paraploactis obbesi
 Paraploactis pulvinus
 Paraploactis taprobanensis
 Paraploactis trachyderma
 Gattung Peristrominous Whitley, 1952
 Peristrominous dolosus
 Gattung Prosoproctus Poss & Eschmeyer, 1979
 Prosoproctus pataecus
 Gattung Pseudopataecus Johnson, 2004
 Pseudopataecus carnatobarbatus Johnson, 2012
 Pseudopataecus taenianotus
 Gattung Ptarmus Smith, 1947
 Ptarmus gallus
 Ptarmus jubatus
 Gattung Sthenopus Richardson, 1848
 Sthenopus mollis
 Gattung Xenaploactis Poss & Eschmeyer, 1980
 Xenaploactis anopta
 Xenaploactis asperrima
 Xenaploactis cautes

Die Samtfische galten ursprünglich als eigenständige Familie (z. B. bei Fishbase und bei Nelson (2016)). Sie sind jedoch nah mit den Steinfischen (Synanceiinae) verwandt. Ein Merkmal, das sie mit den Steinfischen teilen ist ein säbelförmiger, der Verteidigung dienender Auswuchs der Lacrimale, der Tränensäbel. Smith, Everman und Richardson schlugen deshalb 2018 vor, die Samtfische als Unterfamilie den Synanceiidae zuzuordnen, eine Familie der Drachenkopfverwandten, die ursprünglich nur die Steinfische umfasste. Dies wurde im Januar 2022 in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes, einer Onlinedatenbank zur Fischsystematik, so übernommen.

Literatur
 Joseph S. Nelson: Fishes of the World. 4. Auflage. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken NJ 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Drachenkopfverwandte

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Amesbury in Wiltshire from Monday to Friday each week.
Medical will be offering Mental Health First Aid courses very soon as a result.
Jigsaw are delighted to announce that four of our trusted paramedics have been appointed as Clinical Mentors.
Lincolnshire, to facilitate growth with EMAS.
Head of Digital, Neil Coleman celebrated his 34th birthday on the 14th January. Happy birthday Neil!
This week's Meet #TeamJigsaw sees us getting to know Resourcing & Scheduling Specialist, Sam Jones.
When did you join Jigsaw Medical?
Recruiting healthcare professionals across a wide range of jobs, but primarily front-line ambulance staff, ensuring the highest quality of staff. Working with the our clinical and compliance teams to ensure new candidates are ready to work on our ambulances.
Dominick the Donkey by Lou Monte. It's a classic Christmas song to be enjoyed all year round, and if you haven't heard it then you need to get it into your life!
It used to be Blood Diamond (love the accents) but now it is Jurassic World. Love those dinosaurs.
If you were stranded on a desert island, what would your luxury item be?
Definitely a pillow to sleep on. I love my sleep!
And finally, would you rather…have the ability to fly, or the ability to read minds?
I reckon the ability to fly. Imagine how much better the daily commute would be if you didn't have to sit in traffic.


Outsourcing - Hureca, Saisir la force du capital humain!
Which entity is best suited to undertake the activities that are labelled non-essential of your organization?
ithout a doubt, it is more profitable for a company to focus its efforts on its principal value-bearing activities. For related and secondary activities, it is sometimes more profitable to outsource the totality or part of the management of those activities to trusted firms that specialize in outsourcing.
As a trusted and qualified external partner, Hureca holds the expertise and the environment for subcontracting the activities of your organization that have less impact on profit or that are less profitable.
Staffing : At Hureca, you will find an expert team that is sensitive to your concerns and that will target your exact business needs. We will also identify the right resources based on the profile of skills that you are looking for. Every one of our candidates is asked to undergo technical examinations as well as professional and personal aptitude tests. The goal is to identify the ideal match based on given requirements, thereby fully capitalizing on human resources.
Management of your Human Resources department.
IT Outsourcing services: partial or total externalization of information technology functions. Infrastructure management, applications development, technical support, etc.


For distinguished conduct in battle engagement of Vera Cruz, 22 April 1914. Lt. McNair was eminent and conspicuous in command of his battalion. He exhibited courage and skill in leading his men through the action of the 22d and in the final occupation of the city.


text:
layout: update
published: true

collection: updates
category: chrome
product: chrome
type: news
date: 2012-08-15

title: "[datalist] for range/color inputs offer some default choices  "
description: ""
article:
  written_on: 2012-08-15
  updated_on: 2012-08-15
authors:
  - agektmr
tags:
  - forms
  - datalist
permalink: /updates/2012/08/datalist-for-range-color-inputs-offer-some-default-choices.html
---
Chrome started to support `datalist` for `input[type=text]` in Chrome 20. `datalist` helps developers provide recommended values, while allowing users the liberty to write arbitrary values at the same time. Beginning with Chrome 23, you can use `datalist` for `input[type=range]` and `input[type=color]` as well!

### input[type=range]

`datalist` for `input[type=range]` introduces the ability for developers to show indicators beside the slider as shown below:

![range datalist]({{site.baseurl}}/updates/images/2012-08-15-datalist-for-range-color-inputs-offer-some-default-choices/input-range.jpg)

{% highlight HTML %}
<input type="range" value="0" min="0" max="100" list="numbers" />
<datalist id="numbers">
  <option>10</option>
  <option>15</option>
  <option>30</option>
  <option>50</option>
  <option>90</option>
</datalist>
{% endhighlight %}

Moving the slider thumb on the input snaps to each of the ticks so that users can easily adjust to those values.

### input[type=color]

`input[type=color]` is already [supported in Chrome](https://plus.google.com/107085977904914121234/posts/1hb7EsELAPH) and Opera. Users can pick arbitrary color without any help from JavaScript plugins.

By adding `datalist` to `input[type=color]`, users can now pick a color from developer selected color swatches as well as choosing arbitrary color from a color picker by themselves.

![color datalist]({{site.baseurl}}/updates/images/2012-08-15-datalist-for-range-color-inputs-offer-some-default-choices/input-color.jpg)

{% highlight HTML %}
<input type="color" value="#000000" list="colors" />
<datalist id="colors">
  <option>#ff0000</option>
  <option>#0000ff</option>
  <option>#00ff00</option>
  <option>#ffff00</option>
  <option>#00ffff</option>
</datalist>
{% endhighlight %}

Note that `datalist` for `input[type=color]` only accepts the hex color values (ex. `#ff0000`) and values such as `#f00` or `red` won't work.

To see these new features in action, visit [a demo page](http://demo.agektmr.com/datalist/).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


In general, composite decking materials are dimensionally stable, resistant to the . and just about all major manufacturers for fading, color change, mold growth,.
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24 Mar 2017 . If your decking has cracks, looks dirty, or suffers from mildew, it's time to . Many manufacturers of synthetic decking offer a variety of railings, such as . Choose zinc-coated or other corrosion-resistant fasteners, and use the.
6 Jun 2017 . Decking options have grown exponentially over the past several years, with . the four best grades of cedar to use for decking are (listed from most expensive . or any wood for that matter, check with your lumber dealer to ensure that the . crack or check, and it's extremely weather-, mold- and slip-resistant.
20 Sep 2013 . Compare the most popular deck materials to decide which is best for your project. . referred to as a "quat" to make this product highly resistant to mold and rot. . Suppliers, such as EcoVantage provide a 30 year warranty against rot, . Composite decking is comprised of two substances, wood and resin.
4 of the best alternatives to timber decking . It is also not resistant to mold or mildew, therefore making it less appealing for decks that will be exposed to rain or.
Photo courtesy of Timber Tech . Composite decking material uses a combination of plastic and wood fibers. . boards instead of just a coating, so scratches are hidden, the boards will not stain or fade, and they have excellent mold resistance.
The most common question we encounter on decks.com is; "What is the best . Here is a large list of approved composite decking manufacturers that you can . The new products are less likely to fade, stain and breed mold and mildew. There is . materials testing laboratory to provide proof that the decking will meet certain.
Composite products combine the best features of both wood and polymer. . Anywhere you would previously have used decking timber (subject to Local . PERMADECK is mould resistant, however without sufficient ventilation or in areas.
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1 May 2008 . As recently as 1992, wood made up about 98 percent of the decking market. . and maintain a responsible supply of ipe and other fine hardwoods. . not be the best medicine for a healthy planet, alternatives are coming on line. .. no wood fiber in these deck boards, they're also intrinsically mold resistant.
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Search engines don't know which version of the page to include in the index and which ones to exclude.
Search engines don't know whether to direct all link metrics (which contribute to ranking) to a single page or distribute it between all versions of the page.
All of these issues have the potential to harm the ranking of your pages according to Moz, but with the help of canonical links you can easily signal to search engines which version of the page you want to be considered the true version of the page. The image below shows an example of what a canonical link would look like in the source code of a page.
Both pages have the same content and both have been linked to by other websites so obviously, the content on both is valuable. By setting up a canonical link from one page to the other you can retain all of the link metrics of that page and have search engines apply it to a master version of the page. Think of it as sort of consolidation the value of multiple versions of the same page into a single, more powerful page. Considering that Google's search engine accounts for the vast majority of searches it's best to look over their guidelines for using canonical links as well.
Many webmasters use what's called a 301 redirect to avoid duplicate content issues. Put simply a redirect does exactly what it sounds like. When someone navigates to a URL either from a link or by typing it into their web browser they are redirected to the page that the webmaster wants to be the master copy. The problem with this is that it's no longer possible to visit the duplicate page and creating a redirect takes a little more work than canonical linking does. Canonical links will still allow users to visit the page that is considered a duplicate but will still contribute all of the link metrics of the duplicate page to the master page that you want search engines to divert traffic to. Canonical links are also much easier to create as they can be written directly into the HTML of a page.
You are likely constantly adding new pages to your site and because of that, there is the constant possibility of new duplicate pages. Keeping on top of duplicate content can be a full-time job in itself and if it seems like more than you're willing to undertake then a professional SEO company can take care of it for you. You should never neglect this critical aspect of your site because it can cause your pages to rank much worse than they would otherwise.


text:
<?php namespace Devise\Users\Permissions;

use Mockery as m;

class PermissionsResponseHandlerTest extends \DeviseTestCase
{
    public function setUp()
    {
        parent::setUp();

        $this->Framework = new \Devise\Support\Framework;
        $this->Framework->Redirect = m::mock('Illuminate\Routing\Redirector');
        $this->PermissionsManager = m::mock('Devise\Users\Permissions\PermissionsManager');
        $this->PermissionsResponseHandler = new PermissionsResponseHandler($this->PermissionsManager, $this->Framework);
    }

    public function test_it_can_successfully_execute_store()
    {
        $this->PermissionsManager->shouldReceive('storePermission')->once()->andReturnSelf();

        $this->Framework->Redirect
            ->shouldReceive('route')
            ->once()
            ->andReturnSelf()
            ->shouldReceive('with')
            ->andReturn('Permission registered successfully');

        $output = $this->PermissionsResponseHandler->executeStore(['foo' => 'value']);

        assertEquals('Permission registered successfully', $output);
    }

    public function test_it_can_fail_and_validate_execute_store()
    {
        $this->PermissionsManager->shouldReceive('storePermission')->once()->andReturn(false);

        $this->Framework->Redirect
            ->shouldReceive('route')
            ->once()
            ->andReturnSelf()
            ->shouldReceive('withInput', 'withErrors')
            ->andReturnSelf()
            ->shouldReceive('with')
            ->andReturn('There were validation errors');

        $output = $this->PermissionsResponseHandler->executeStore(['foo' => 'value']);

        assertEquals('There were validation errors', $output);
    }

    public function test_it_can_successfully_execute_update()
    {
        $this->PermissionsManager
            ->shouldReceive('updatePermission')
            ->once()
            ->andReturnSelf();

        $this->Framework->Redirect
            ->shouldReceive('route')
            ->once()
            ->andReturnSelf()
            ->shouldReceive('with')
            ->andReturn('Permission updated succesfully');

        $output = $this->PermissionsResponseHandler->executeUpdate(['foo' => 'value']);

        assertEquals('Permission updated succesfully', $output);
    }

    public function test_it_can_fail_and_validate_execute_update()
    {
        $this->PermissionsManager->shouldReceive('updatePermission')->once()->andReturn(false);

        $this->Framework->Redirect
            ->shouldReceive('route')
            ->once()
            ->andReturnSelf()
            ->shouldReceive('withInput', 'withErrors')
            ->andReturnSelf()
            ->shouldReceive('with')
            ->andReturn('There were validation errors');

        $input = ['foo' => 'value', 'permission_name_edit' => 'fooPermissionName'];

        $output = $this->PermissionsResponseHandler->executeUpdate($input);

        assertEquals('There were validation errors', $output);
    }

    public function test_it_can_successfully_execute_destroy()
    {
        $this->PermissionsManager
            ->shouldReceive('destroyPermission')
            ->once()
            ->andReturnSelf();

        $this->Framework->Redirect
            ->shouldReceive('route')
            ->once()
            ->andReturnSelf()
            ->shouldReceive('with')
            ->andReturn('Permission deleted succesfully');

        $output = $this->PermissionsResponseHandler->executeDestroy(['condition' => 'someCondition']);

        assertEquals('Permission deleted succesfully', $output);
    }

    public function test_it_can_fail_and_validate_execute_destroy()
    {
        $this->PermissionsManager->shouldReceive('destroyPermission')->once()->andReturn(false);

        $this->Framework->Redirect
            ->shouldReceive('route', 'withErrors')
            ->once()
            ->andReturnSelf()
            ->shouldReceive('with')
            ->andReturn('There were validation errors');

        $input = ['foo' => 'value', 'permission_name_edit' => 'fooPermissionName'];

        $output = $this->PermissionsResponseHandler->executeDestroy($input);

        assertEquals('There were validation errors', $output);
    }
}


text:
Collapse more rapid than Great Depression: Treasury
The economic impacts of the coronavirus shock are occurring faster than they did during the Great Depression, and Australia may not ever return to business as usual.
According to Treasury Secretary Steven Kennedy, new real-time ABS data shows that employment in accommodation and food services and arts and recreation services fell by 25.6 per cent and 18.7 per cent respectively over the three weeks from 14 March to 4 April. Unemployment is now expected to rise to 10 per cent.
"Unemployment rose to higher levels in the Great Depression, but it did that over the course of a couple of years," Mr Kennedy told the select committee on COVID-19. "These movements are happening in just a couple of months. We have never seen an economic shock of this speed, magnitude and shape, reflecting that this is both a significant supply and demand shock."
While the final shape of that shock remains "hard to predict", Mr Kennedy anticipates that economic activity will resume as uncertainty around the virus diminishes. But the nature of the Australian economy could well change, even as it returns to business as usual.
"New challenges will have emerged," Mr Kennedy said. "Some jobs and businesses will have been lost permanently. The Treasury will increasingly turn to these challenges, continuing to advise on policy settings and reforms that will enable our country to prosper in a world that in many ways will look largely the same, but may have also changed in some important and sustained ways."
The government has so far unleashed $320 billion in stimulus spending, equating to around 10 per cent of GDP – larger than any support package provided by an Australian government in the past 50 years. Ten billion dollars has been distributed over the past three weeks, with around three times that amount expected in the next month.
Australian governments have substantially lessened the economic impact of the social distancing measures by acting decisively and early," Mr Kennedy said. "They have collectively taken a balanced approach to preventing activities likely to spread the virus while allowing other activities to continue where possible. This has meant that in Australia we have been able to continue a wider range of economic activities, such as construction, manufacturing and mining."
While the "high degree of uncertainty" has delayed the 2020-21 budget until 6 October, Treasurer Josh Frydenberg will provide a statement to the House of Representatives and the Minister for Finance on 12 May, outlining the impact of the coronavirus on the economy and the government's actions.
The government will also provide an economic update on the economic and fiscal outlook in June, following the release of the March quarter national accounts.
Last Updated: 01 May 2020 Published: 28 April 2020


text:
The 2022–23 Longwood Lancers men's basketball team represents Longwood University in the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Lancers, led by fifth-year head coach Griff Aldrich, play their home games at Willett Hall in Farmville, Virginia as members of the Big South Conference.

Previous season
The Lancers finished the 2021–22 season 26–6, 15–1 in Big South play to win the Big South regular season championship. They defeated North Carolina A&T, USC Upstate, and Winthrop to win the Big South tournament championship. As a result, the Lancers received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament, the school's first-ever trip to the tournament, where they received the No. 14 seed in the South Region, where they would lose in the first round to Tennessee.

Roster

Schedule and results

|-
!colspan=12 style=| Non-conference regular season

|-
!colspan=12 style=| Big South regular season

|-
!colspan=12 style=| Big South tournament
|-

|-

Sources

References

Longwood Lancers men's basketball seasons
Longwood Lancers
Longwood Lancers men's basketball
Longwood Lancers men's basketball


Many moons ago, Steven Den Beste complained that "a-list" bloggers (like Scripting.com) were hogging the limelight, and Clay Shirky was talking about how blog readership followed the power-law distribution, with just a few sites accounting for most of the eyeballs.
All of this was to suggest that the Internet, far from being a fluid medium, was ossifying into the old privileged hierarchies we see in the real world.
Then 9/11 happened, USS Clueless was catapulted into the limelight (as Steven knew something about Apache helicopters, and Scripting.com did not). The powerlaw turned out to reflect real (shiftable) interest, and not ossification. An equal opportunity world does not produce equal results.
I get the same feel from Unqualified Reservations that I used to get at USS Clueless before he became big.


text:
Martine Reicherts (ur. 13 kwietnia 1957 w Luksemburgu) – luksemburska prawniczka, urzędniczka europejska, dyrektor generalny Urzędu Publikacji Unii Europejskiej, w 2014 komisarz europejski ds. sprawiedliwości, praw podstawowych i obywatelstwa.

Życiorys
Z wykształcenia prawniczka, magisterium uzyskała w 1979. Studiowała na Uniwersytecie Luksemburskim, Université de Nice – Sophia Antipolis i Université d'Aix-Marseille I. W 1980 uzyskała dyplom DEA z prawa handlowego na Université Panthéon-Assas. Od 1980 do 1984 praktykowała w zawodzie prawnika w ramach luksemburskiej palestry, od 1988 do 1991 była wykładowczynią w Brukseli. Od 1984 zawodowo związana z administracją europejską. Była m.in. doradcą i zastępcą szefa gabinetu przewodniczącego KE Jacques'a Santera (1995–1998) i rzeczniczką prasową Komisji Europejskiej (1998–1999). Po rocznej przerwie powróciła do pracy w strukturach UE, obejmując dyrektorskie stanowiska urzędnicze w unijnej administracji. W 2007 powołana na dyrektora generalnego Urzędu Publikacji Unii Europejskiej.

16 lipca 2014 Parlament Europejski wybrał ją na komisarza europejskiego ds. sprawiedliwości, praw podstawowych i obywatelstwa (do zakończenia kadencji Komisji Europejskiej José Barroso). Pozostała następnie w strukturze KE, w 2015 objęła kierownictwo dyrekcji generalnej KE ds. edukacji i kultury.

Przypisy

Komisarze Unii Europejskiej
Luksemburscy prawnicy
Urodzeni w 1957
Ludzie urodzeni w Luksemburgu (miasto)


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ReVolt Electric Motorbikes is a new company conceived by Alternet Systems, Inc. (USOTC: ALYI). Alternet is applying its portfolio of lithium battery technologies to empower commercially viable, environmentally sustainable alternatives to existing consumer markets. ReVolt has partnered with a manufacturing company to first produce a motorcycle based on the 1930's BMW R71 motorcycle with sidecar utilized by the German Army in WWII. The ReVolt Classic Electric Motorbike with Sidecar will be powered by an electric motor utilizing an Alternet Systems designed lithium battery solution. This classic motorcycle design has been seen in countless movies to include The Great Escape staring Steve McQueen, an avid motorcycle enthusiast and racer. The movie includes a famous motorcycle chase where Steve McQueen rides a German Military motorcycle pursued by German soldiers riding the same.
The pilot ReVolt Classic Electric Motorbike with Sidecar is under construction now and expected to be complete early this summer for evaluation and testing. ReVolt Electric Motorbikes plans to have a limited production final product ready for the holiday season. The pilot ReVolt Classic Electric Motorbike will be on display at various trade shows leading up to the holiday season.


It took a long time for the Kalamajakas store and restaurant to open. However, the wait was worth it. It is now possible to buy the kinds of fresh seafood and fish from Tabasalu that are not sold anywhere else. What is more, the chef will show you exactly how to prepare the fish at the restaurant.
Have you ever heard of fish, such as the red gurnard, European pollock, and wels catfish? Jaanus Krass, Head Chef at Kalamajakas, is a true fish lover. His most valuable trait is the ability to create inspiring dishes from well-known, as well as a little less known fish. Each bite will enrich the palate of the customer.
It does not really matter that Kalamajakas is located just a little outside the city. The customer friendly prices and new taste experiences compensate entirely for the price of the cab ride to and from Kalamajakas.


Not all TV was bad during my stay in Washington. In the early part of my stay, suffering from jetlag, I managed to see a few excellent interviews on PBS TV during my wakeful hours around 2am!
The station I found most informative was WHUT-TV which is "a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) member Public television station in the Washington, D.C. area. The station is owned and operated by Howard University, a historically black college. The studios are on the Howard University campus."
"On sale July 28, Bruce Riedel's new book examines the most successful intelligence operation in US history - the CIA's covert war in Afghanistan."
"We are at the moment of truth in the future of Afghanistan," said Bruce Riedel, senior fellow and director of the Brookings Intelligence Project, on The Charlie Rose Show. Learn more about his appearance on the show and what he said about the future. See 'The Moment of Truth in the Future of Afghanistan'.
I recommend viewing the interview to the end where some observations are made that left me very concerned.
The second interview was on 'Democracy Now' with Henry Siegman, Leading Voice of U.S. Jewry, spaeking on Gaza: "A Slaughter of Innocents". In this interview Siegman's description of how he arrived at his current position was particularly powerful, namely he asked the question: 'what would I do if I were in their [the Gaza Palestinians] shoes'? His conclusion is that he would do what they are doing. He goes on to reflect how Israelis acted when they were trying to create a homeland, and sees little difference in the nature of the actions.


text:
package org.ldp4j.http;

/**
 * Abstraction for a resource representation variant.
 */
public interface Variant {

	/**
	 * Retrieve the {@link MediaType media type} of this variant. The media
	 * type, if available, will not be a wildcard, nor have a charset defined.
	 *
	 * @return the variant media type.
	 */
	MediaType type();

	/**
	 * Retrieve the {@link CharacterEncoding character encoding} of this variant.
	 *
	 * @return the variant character encoding.
	 */
	CharacterEncoding charset();

	/**
	 * Retrieve the {@link Language language} of this variant.
	 *
	 * @return the variant language.
	 */
	Language language();

}


text:
Email Blackmail Scams Getting You Down? Stay Safe in Your Very Own Watchtower!
by Oliver Haslam on Sep 4, 2018
Nobody likes to receive spam emails, and while most are nothing more than irritating, every so often there is one that's frightening. We're all familiar with the infamous Nigerian Prince who is just looking for somewhere to park his money, but what if you receive something altogether more sinister? An email that claims to know personal information about you and goes on to threaten oblivion if you don't do as instructed? Email-based blackmail scams are on the rise, and we don't see much sign of the trend coming to an end.
In part, this is thanks to data breaches at firms like Ashley Madison and Yahoo. In the case of Ashley Madison, the very nature of the data source coupled with the identities of those who used the service — and subsequently had their data stolen — meant for some very uncomfortable conversations. It also meant a rise in the number of fake blackmail attempts making their way to people's inboxes, which inevitably leads to panic.
Thankfully, as is so often the case with these things, an analytical approach can save the day.
But, why me?
First of all, we need to work out why you of all people are receiving the scam email in the first place.
The chances are pretty good that your email address was part of a previous data breach, of which there are unfortunately too many to get into here. What we do know is that large companies, whether they are retailers or online services, have been big targets for hackers in recent years, with customer data being stolen.
This does at least give us an idea where to start: you know a scammer has your email address, and they may also have given you "proof" that they have access to more information — or even worse, your computer.
That's very unlikely to be the case, but we need to be sure. This is also where 1Password and specifically Watchtower has your back.
Time to confirm the story
At this point we know that someone has your email address and, potentially, a password. You may not even recognise the password that the scammer claims to know, but thanks to 1Password and Watchtower, you don't need to rely on memory.
With data breaches becoming more common, a security researcher by the name of Troy Hunt set up the Pwned Passwords database. This database contains passwords and email addresses that have been "Pwned," which means they have been stolen following a security breach and have subsequently found their way into the wild west of the Internet. That's not great, but with Watchtower integrating with the database, 1Password knows when a password has been compromised and, as a result, can warn you.
If the scammer claims to know your password, and shares proof of that, we'd suggest checking whether that password appears in Watchtower. If it does, change the password for all logins that might have used it. While you're here, change any other passwords that you've reused, too. While this won't prevent any nasty blackmail emails landing in your Inbox and demanding Bitcoin in the future, it will mean you can be confident in ignoring them. Remember, unique, strong passwords are the name of the game here. Let's not make life easy for hackers by only making them hack one website to gain access to multiple.
1Password also offers Breach Reports as part of our commitment to keeping your passwords and data safe. The Breach Report, available on 1Password.com, will not only identify accounts you've saved in 1Password that may have been breached, but any breached account using your registered email address, even if you haven't saved it in 1Password yet.
If your search for the password this scammer claims to have doesn't turn up results, you may have used it for an old account you've since forgotten about. Your Breach Report will let you know about these accounts so that you can change the password, add the account to 1Password for the future, or delete the account if it's no longer in use.
A sigh of relief
Ultimately, if anyone emails you and threatens to "dish the dirt" or claims to have access to your computer, they're likely being economical with the truth. They clearly have an email address, and they may even have an old password. But that's fine, because you just checked whether that password is in use and, thanks to Watchtower, you changed the password for any logins that may have used it.
Now you can sit back, relax, and wait for the next Prince to offer you a few million dollars. Don't be a stranger, either. Be sure to check Watchtower and the Breach Report regularly to stay on top of any further password breaches that may crop up.
1Password X 1.10: Large Type, Watchtower, and easy two-factor authentication
by Mitch Cohen Sep 6, 2018
1Password 7 for Android: The Best Ever
by Michael Verde Aug 22, 2018


tutorial - Thoughts, stories and ideas.
Documentation (especially good documentation) for an application can make a good application and experience for a client, a great application. Once we as developers complete an application that we have worked and potentially even lost sleep over, will live on well after we stop working on it.
Now several years into my professional web development career, I can say that while the quality of your written code will define who you are as a professional among your peers, the "
© Thoughts, stories and ideas.


How close is feminist psychology to contemporary feminism? How can feminist psychological practice address issues of `difference' between women in meaningful ways? What price has feminist psychology had to pay for attempting to engage with mainstream psychology to revise and improve it?


text:
Q: Is there a native way to convert .aac to .mp3 (audio format conversion) I currently use vlc from the command line (called from powershell) to convert .aac to .mp3.
It works, but I don't love the dependence on vlc. Further, the vlc command line is a bear. I worked it out, but I am concerned it will be a real hassle to maintain over time.
I see that ffmpeg is a much simpler tool to use than vlc for this purpose. However I still don't love the dependency.
Is there a Powershell or .NET (callable from powershell) native way to do this?
Or a plugin for Powershell that handles this?

A: Maybe AudioWorks is something for you? Check out here hydrogenaudio - AudioWorks
"AudioWorks is a PowerShell module (and .NET library) for converting and tagging audio / music files"
On github here.
However note that it lacks native .aac file support. For that, it requires iTunes to be on the system, which may not be an improvement over needing VLC.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I've landed back in Melbourne, where for a week I am staying in an AirBNB rental apartment in Carlton North, then moving on to a proper 12 month lease in my new home in Fitzroy North.
I have to say it was a surreal feeling leaving Brisbane knowing that this time I was actually moving away from the city I grew up in, rather than just leaving temporarily.
I'm sure if you have ever moved cities or countries you know what that feeling is like.
I am excited to set up a new life in Melbourne, including the first time I have ever lived in a terrace house, which are popular in Sydney and Melbourne.
I'll send you some photos as soon as I start setting things up. I will no doubt have a lot to talk about with my new life in Melbourne, so stay tuned for that.
Last month I was writing the third Action Plan for my comparing the businesses of two bloggers, Daniel Scocco and Joe Gilder (that's Joe below).
These guys have great success stories, using the blogging formula of quality content to build solid audiences.
However once they started down the path of generating an income from their blogs, they went about it in very different ways.
In my new blog post I explain what methods these guys use to make money from their blogs, and why they made different choices.
This is an important article for any blogger to read because you need to figure out what is the right path for you to make money from your blog.
Are You Launching A Product Or Business?
If you have a product coming out soon or are starting an online business, I have a new video series from my friend Jeff Walker for you to watch.
If you have never been through the product launch formula training from Jeff, now is the time to jump on board, just as video one is out.
I originally studied the formula during one of Jeff's very first teaching rounds way back in 2006.
Each year Jeff overhauls the course and launches it to a new group of members. It's always popular, and for good reason.
I promote it every time it opens because I consider it the number one course for any person who wants to launch a product online.
If this is new to you or you are releasing a product soon, now is the time to optin and watch the videos from Jeff.
I just watched video one and it reminded me how important it is to keep refreshing this stuff.
I've done so many launches now but I still miss important things, like certain mental triggers you can use and why it's important to break up your launch content into a story.
You can learn all about this in the .
I have to get back to organising my somewhat hectic new life in Melbourne now, including buying a new fridge, so that's it from me.
Testing what works is crucial for online success. We may have the same value or quality but we may not follow the same road to leverage on our energies. This is a fact we need to be aware of when it comes to the details of how Daniel Scocco and Joe Gilder make money differently!
This comment was left in kingged.com where this post was shared.
Этот важный интернет-сайт на тематику www.progressive.ua.


Todd Barry: "I don't want to be known as 'the guy who doesn't have an act' or something like that"
For many comedians, the thought of going onstage without any prepared material is the stuff of nightmares. Todd Barry is not one of those comedians. In 2013, the quick-witted standup veteran of over 25 years headed out on what he called the Crowd Work Tour, leaving his jokes at home and relying entirely on passing a microphone around and interacting with audiences. The shows went well, so he did another tour later in the year, this time followed by a camera crew for a documentary that Barry's friend Louis C.K. produced and recently released on his website.
The special, the second that C.K. has released by someone other than himself, follows Barry through all seven shows of the tour. It has it all: the good, the bad (mainly people in the audience trying to be funny), and the hilariously awkward, like when he had to stop making fun of an audience member who was not only serving in the military, but had also driven 200 miles to be there.
Barry has decided to do one last Crowd Work Tour, which includes a stop at the Cedar Cultural Center this Wednesday. Dressing Room connected with him ahead of the gig to talk about the two previous Crowd Work Tours, the special, and some of his other roles and projects.
[jump] How have the shows been going through the first two tours?
Todd Barry: They've been really fun, especially the second tour where I got a little more used to doing entire shows like that. They've been fun, and I hope they are still fun for this upcoming tour.
Did you decide to do the Crowd Work tour as a way to challenge yourself, or was there another line of thinking?
I don't know, I just like to shake things up and I get a little bored. I try to find an angle to make a tour a little different. I did a tour once where I just played cities I've never played before, and I called it the 'Cities I've Never Played Before Tour' and just knocked off all these cities.
Compared to a normal show, do you find yourself more nervous beforehand?
Well, I'm relaxed because I don't have to prepare anything, but that's also what makes me nervous. So it's a double-edged sword. It doesn't help to be nervous, it's best to just get up there and see what happens.
At the shows do you take volunteers or pick who you want to talk to, or both?
I do both. I pick and then if I run out I see if someone wants to talk to me.
Do you have any suggestions for someone who ends up with the microphone at one of the shows?
Just be cool, I'm not going to be mean. Just give me straight answers. Don't try to be funny yourself, unless you really are funny.
Why are you ending the Crowd Work shows after this tour, do you feel it has run its course?
Yeah, that's one way of putting it. I just want to go back to being a comedian that tells jokes. I don't want to be known as 'the guy who doesn't have an act' or something like that.
Were you already planning to make the Crowd Work Tour special before Louis C.K. offered to produce it?
I was poking around to maybe find someone to pay for it, and then he just happened to call me to say hi, and I told him about this, and right there on the phone he's like, "Will you let me do this?" It was a nice break.
What has the initial reaction been like for the special?
It's been really good, it's the most positive feedback I've gotten on anything I've done in a long time.
Are you going to be making any appearances on the upcoming season of Louie?
Yeah, I will be on Louie, in at least two episodes.
You've been doing your weekly podcast for almost a year now, do you see yourself keeping up that pace?
I don't know. This is the first week where I haven't done one -- I think it's the first week -- but its just too much for me now. I might be a little more sporadic with the podcast.