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Drugs & Diseases > Obstetrics & Gynecology
Author: Dotun A Ogunyemi, MD; Chief Editor: Christine Isaacs, MD more...
Sections Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Herbal medications
Hyperemesis gravidarum is the most severe form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, characterized by persistent nausea and vomiting associated with ketosis and weight loss (>5% of prepregnancy weight). This condition may cause volume depletion, electrolytes and acid-base imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, and even death. Severe hyperemesis requiring hospital admission occurs in 0.3-2% of pregnancies. [1]
The defining symptoms of hyperemesis gravidarum are gastrointestinal in nature and include nausea and vomiting. Other common symptoms include ptyalism (excessive salivation), fatigue, weakness, and dizziness.
Patients may also experience the following:
Hyperolfaction
Dysgeusia
Decreased gustatory discernment
Decreased concentration
See Clinical Presentation for more detail.
Physical examination in women with suspected hyperemesis gravidarum is usually unremarkable. Findings may be more helpful if the patient has unusual complaints suggestive of other disorders (eg, bleeding, abdominal pain).
Examination includes the following:
Vital signs, including standing and lying blood pressure and pulse
Volume status (eg, mucous membrane condition, skin turgor, neck veins, mental status)
General appearance (eg, nutrition, weight)
Thyroid evaluation
Abdominal evaluation
Cardiac evaluation
Neurologic evaluation
Initial laboratory studies used in the evaluation of women with hyperemesis gravidarum should include the following:
Urinalysis for ketones and specific gravity
Serum levels of electrolytes and ketones
Liver enzymes and bilirubin levels [2]
Amylase/lipase levels
Thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine levels [3]
Calcium level
Hematocrit level
Hepatitis panel [1]
The following imaging studies may be used to assess women with hyperemesis gravidarum:
Obstetric ultrasonography: Usually warranted to evaluate for multiple gestations or trophoblastic disease
Upper abdominal ultrasonography: If clinically indicated, to evaluate the pancreas and/or biliary tree
Abdominal computed tomography scanning or magnetic resonance imaging: If appendicitis is suspected as a cause of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy
Additional imaging studies may be warranted if the patient's clinical presentation is atypical (eg, nausea and/or vomiting beginning after 9-10 wk of gestation, nausea and/or vomiting persisting after 20-22 wk, acute severe exacerbation) or if another disorder is suggested based on the history or physical examination findings.
In patients with abdominal pain or upper gastrointestinal bleeding, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy appears to be safe in pregnancy, although careful monitoring is suggested.
See Workup for more detail.
Initial management in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum should be conservative and may include reassurance, dietary recommendations, and support. Alternative therapies may include acupressure and hypnosis. [4]
The only FDA-approved drug for treating nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is doxylamine/pyridoxine. However, antihistamines, antiemetics of the phenothiazine class, and promotility agents (eg, metoclopramide) have also been used to manage nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. In cases refractory to standard therapy, ondansetron and steroids may be considered.
The following medications may be used in women with hyperemesis gravidarum:
Vitamins (eg, pyridoxine)
Herbal medications (eg, ginger)
Antiemetics (eg, doxylamine-pyridoxine, prochlorperazine, promethazine, chlorpromazine, trimethobenzamide, metoclopramide, ondansetron)
corticosteroids (eg, methylprednisolone)
Antihistamines (eg, meclizine, diphenhydramine)
In some refractory severe cases of hyperemesis gravidarum, if maternal survival is threatened, or if hyperemesis gravidarum is causing severe physical and psychological burden, termination of the pregnancy should be considered. [5]
See Treatment and Medication for more detail.
Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is extremely common. Hyperemesis gravidarum (HEG) is the most severe form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. A continuous spectrum of the severity of nausea and vomiting ranges from the nausea and vomiting that occurs in most pregnancies to the severe disorder of hyperemesis gravidarum.
Studies estimate that nausea and vomiting occurs in 50-90% of pregnancies. The nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy usually begins by 9-10 weeks of gestation, peaks at 11-13 weeks, and resolves in most cases by 12-14 weeks. In 1-10% of pregnancies, symptoms may continue beyond 20-22 weeks. [6, 7]
Normal nausea and vomiting may be an evolutionary protective mechanism—it may protect the pregnant woman and her embryo from harmful substances in food, such as pathogenic microorganisms in meat products and toxins in plants, with the effect being maximal during embryogenesis (the most vulnerable period of pregnancy). This is supported by studies showing that women who had nausea and vomiting were less likely to have miscarriages and stillbirth. [8, 9]
Hyperemesis gravidarum is characterized by persistent nausea and vomiting associated with ketosis and weight loss (>5% of prepregnancy weight). Hyperemesis gravidarum may cause volume depletion, electrolytes and acid-base imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, and even death. Severe hyperemesis requiring hospital admission occurs in 0.3-2% of pregnancies. [1]
The physiologic basis of hyperemesis gravidarum is controversial. Hyperemesis gravidarum appears to occur as a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. Several proposed theories are discussed below.
Women with hyperemesis gravidarum often have high hCG levels that cause transient hyperthyroidism. hCG can physiologically stimulate the thyroid gland thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor. hCG levels peak in the first trimester. Some women with hyperemesis gravidarum appear to have clinical hyperthyroidism. However, in a larger portion (50-70%), TSH is transiently suppressed and the free thyroxine (T4) index is elevated (40-73%) with no clinical signs of hyperthyroidism, circulating thyroid antibodies, or enlargement of the thyroid. In transient hyperthyroidism of hyperemesis gravidarum, thyroid function normalizes by the middle of the second trimester without antithyroid treatment. Clinically overt hyperthyroidism and thyroid antibodies are usually absent. [1, 9, 10, 11]
A report on a unique family with recurrent gestational hyperthyroidism associated with hyperemesis gravidarum showed a mutation in the extracellular domain of the TSH receptor that made it responsive to normal levels of hCG. Thus, cases of hyperemesis gravidarum with a normal hCG may be due to varying hCG isotypes. [12, 13]
A positive correlation between the serum hCG elevation level and free T4 levels has been found, and the severity of nausea appears to be related to the degree of thyroid stimulation. hCG may not be independently involved in the etiology of hyperemesis gravidarum but may be indirectly involved by its ability to stimulate the thyroid. For these patients, hCG levels were linked to increased levels of immunoglobulin M, complement, and lymphocytes. Thus, an immune process may be responsible for increased circulating hCG or isoforms of hCG with a higher activity for the thyroid. Critics of this theory note that (1) nausea and vomiting are not usual symptoms of hyperthyroidism, (2) signs of biochemical hyperthyroidism are not universal in cases of hyperemesis gravidarum, and (3) some studies have failed to correlate the severity of symptoms with biochemical abnormalities. [14, 15, 16]
Some studies link high estradiol levels to the severity of nausea and vomiting in patients who are pregnant, while others find no correlation between estrogen levels and the severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. Previous intolerance to oral contraceptives is associated with nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Progesterone also peaks in the first trimester and decreases smooth muscle activity; however, studies have failed to show any connection between progesterone levels and symptoms of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. Lagiou et al studied prospectively 209 women with nausea and vomiting who showed that estradiol levels were positively correlated while prolactin levels were inversely associated with nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and no correlation existed with estriol, progesterone, or sex-hormone binding globulin. [17]
The stomach pacemaker causes rhythmic peristaltic contractions of the stomach. Abnormal myoelectric activity may cause a variety of gastric dysrhythmias, including tachygastrias and bradygastrias. Gastric dysrhythmias have been associated with morning sickness. The presence of dysrhythmias was associated with nausea while normal myoelectrical activity was present in the absence of nausea. Mechanisms that cause gastric dysrhythmias include elevated estrogen or progesterone levels, thyroid disorders, abnormalities in vagal and sympathetic tone, and vasopressin secretion in response to intravascular volume perturbation. Many of these factors are present in early pregnancy. These pathophysiologic factors are hypothesized to be more severe or the gastrointestinal tract more sensitive to the neural/humoral changes in those who develop hyperemesis gravidarum. [18]
Levels of the plasma gut satiety hormones peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) may play a role in hyperemesis gravidarum and pregnancy-related weight changes. [19] In a prospective case-control study of 60 women (30 women with hyperemesis gravidarum, 30 control women), Köşüş et al found that affected women had significantly elevated plasma PYY and PP levels relative to the control group, and that PP levels were the the most important diagnostic and prognostic factors of hyperemesis gravidarum. [19]
Hepatic dysfunction
Abnormal liver function studies are noted in approximately 3% of pregnancies, and pregnancy-related diseases are the most frequent causes of liver dysfunction during pregnancy. [20] There appears to be a trimester-specific occurrence of liver disease during pregnancy. [20]
Liver disease, usually consisting of mild serum transaminase elevation, occurs in almost 50% of patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. Impairment of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) has been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of maternal liver disease associated with hyperemesis gravidarum. It has been suggested that women heterozygous for FAO defects develop hyperemesis gravidarum associated with liver disease while carrying fetuses with FAO defects due to accumulation of fatty acids in the placenta and subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species. Alternatively, it is possible that starvation leading to peripheral lipolysis and increased load of fatty acids in maternal-fetal circulation, combined with reduced capacity of the mitochondria to oxidize fatty acids in mothers heterozygous for FAO defects, can also cause hyperemesis gravidarum and liver injury while carrying nonaffected fetuses.
Metabolic derangement
Metabolic disturbance may have a role in the pathogenesis of hyperemesis gravidarum. [21] Ergin et al noted that affected women had deficiencies in native and total thiol, and this deficiency was correlated with the severity of the disease. They noted that the dynamic serum thiol-disulfide homeostasis balance shifted to the oxidative side. [21]
Lipid alterations
Jarnfelt-Samsioe et al found higher levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and phospholipids in women with hyperemesis gravidarum compared with matched, nonvomiting, pregnant and nonpregnant controls. This may be related to the abnormalities in hepatic function in pregnant women. However, Ustun et al found decreased levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apoA and apoB in women with hyperemesis gravidarum compared with controls. [22, 23]
Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium found in the stomach that may aggravate nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Studies have found conflicting evidence of the role of H pylori in hyperemesis gravidarum. Recent studies in the United States have not shown association with hyperemesis gravidarum. However, persistent nausea and vomiting beyond the second trimester may be due to an active peptic ulcer caused by H pylori infection. [24, 25]
Vestibular and olfaction
Hyperacuity of the olfactory system may be a contributing factor to nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Many pregnant women report the smell of cooking food, particularly meats, as triggers to nausea. Striking similarities between hyperemesis gravidarum and motion sickness suggest that unmasking of subclinical vestibular disorders may account for some cases of hyperemesis gravidarum. [26, 27]
In studies examining the familial link of hyperemesis gravidarum, research suggests a possible genetic aspect to hyperemesis. A study was performed looking at 544,087 pregnancies from Norway's mandatory birth registry from 1967-2005. This study demonstrated that daughters born from a pregnancy complicated by hyperemesis had a 3% risk of having hyperemesis in their own pregnancy. Women who were born after an unaffected pregnancy had a risk of 1.1%. [28] In surveys administered to mothers who had pregnancies complicated by hyperemesis, higher rates of hyperemesis were reported among their relatives. This was particularly so in their sisters. [29]
Overall, the data suggest that a genetic predisposition may play a role in the development of hyperemesis gravidarum.
Biochemical research
Hyperemesis gravidarum is associated with overactivation of sympathetic nerves and enhanced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. [30] Increased adenosine levels have also been noted; since adenosine is an established suppressor of excessive sympathetic nerves activation and cytokine production, the increase in plasma adenosine in hyperemesis gravidarum may be modulatory. [31] Trophoblast-derived cytokines have been reported to induce secretion of hCG.
Immunoglobulins C3 and C4 and lymphocyte counts are significantly higher in women with hyperemesis gravidarum. T-helper 1/T-helper 2 balance is decreased in women with hyperemesis gravidarum, which results in increased humoral immunity. Increased fetal DNA has been found in the maternal plasma of women with hyperemesis gravidarum, and the increased DNA is speculated to be derived from trophoblasts that have been destroyed by the hyperactive maternal immune system. Thus, hyperemesis gravidarum may be mediated by immunologic aberrations in pregnancy. [32, 33, 34, 35]
In a more recent study, Biberoglu et al suggest that changes in lipid peroxidation and T-cell activation may be a cause of or compensatory reaction to hyperemesis gravidarum. [36] The investigations noted significantly elevated levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in 40 pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum compared to 40 unaffected, healthy pregnant women.
Physiological changes associated with pregnancy interact with each woman's psychologic state and cultural values. Psychologic responses may interact with and exacerbate the physiology of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Nonetheless, hyperemesis gravidarum is typically the cause of, as opposed to the result of, psychologic stress. In very unusual instances, cases of hyperemesis gravidarum could represent psychiatric illness, including conversion or somatization disorder or major depression. [37, 38, 39, 40]
In a review of 1,301 cases of hyperemesis gravidarum from Canada, Fell et al showed that medical complications of hyperthyroid disorders, psychiatric illness, previous molar disease, gastrointestinal disorders, pregestational diabetes, and asthma were significantly independent risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum, whereas maternal smoking and maternal age older than 30 years decreased the risk. Pregnancies with female fetuses and multiple fetuses were also at increased risk. [41, 42]
In some studies, women from low to middle socioeconomic class, women with lower levels of education, women with previous pregnancies with nausea and vomiting, women in their first pregnancy, and women with previous intolerance to oral contraceptives more commonly experience nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy is also more common with multiple-gestation pregnancies.
Other factors that have been proposed include ethnicity, occupational status, fetal anomalies, increased body weight, nausea and vomiting in a prior pregnancy, history of infertility, interpregnancy interval, corpus luteum in right ovary, and prior intolerance to oral contraceptives.
Risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum may include the following:
Previous pregnancies with hyperemesis gravidarum
Greater body weight
Multiple gestations
Trophoblastic disease
Cigarette smoking is associated with a decreased risk for hyperemesis gravidarum.
United States statistics
Of all pregnancies, 0.3-2% are affected by hyperemesis gravidarum (approximately 5 per 1000 pregnancies).
International statistics
Hyperemesis gravidarum appears to be more common in westernized industrialized societies and urban areas than rural areas.
Race-, sex-, and age-related demographics
No clear racial predominance is noted for hyperemesis gravidarum, although it is less common in American Indian and Eskimo populations, as well as less common in African and some Asian populations (but not industrialized Japan).
Hyperemesis gravidarum affects females. The risk of hyperemesis gravidarum appears to decrease with advanced maternal age.
Hyperemesis gravidarum is self-limited and, in most cases, improves by the end of the first trimester. However, symptoms may persist through 20-22 weeks of gestation and, in some cases, until delivery.
Morbidity/mortality
Hyperemesis gravidarum was a significant cause of maternal death before 1940. In Great Britain, mortality decreased from 159 deaths per million births from 1931-1940 to 3 deaths per million births from 1951-1960. Charlotte Brontë is thought to have died of hyperemesis gravidarum in 1855. In the United States, 7 deaths from hyperemesis gravidarum were reported in the 1930s. Today, although hyperemesis gravidarum is still associated with significant morbidity, it is still a rare cause of maternal mortality. A large population-based study of 999,161 women with singleton births by Fossum et al found no association between hyperemesis gravidarum and increased risk of long-term mortality. [43]
Note the following:
Many hours of productive work are lost because of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Nearly 50% of employed women believe that their work is affected, and up to 25% require time off from work.
Hyperemesis gravidarum is a debilitating illness that can cause severe suffering, which profoundly affects both patients and their families. In about half of the women there is an adverse effect on spousal relationships, and 55% have feelings of depression. In one study of 140 women with hyperemesis gravidarum, 27% required multiple hospitalizations. The financial burden of hyperemesis gravidarum on the American health system has been estimated as approximately $130 million dollars per year, excluding physician fees.
Women with hyperemesis gravidarum who have a low pregnancy weight gain (< 15.4 lb or 7 kg) have increased risk for delivering neonates of low birth weight, delivering neonates who are small for gestational age, preterm delivery, and a 5-minute Apgar score of less than 7.
Case reports describe the following maternal complications of hyperemesis gravidarum:
Esophageal rupture or perforation
Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum
Wernicke encephalopathy or blindness
Hepatic disease
Seizures, coma, or death
Others complications include renal failure, pancreatitis, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, central pontine myelinolysis, rhabdomyolysis, vitamin K deficiency and coagulopathy, and splenic avulsion.
Complications associated with central hyperalimentation include sepsis, fungemia, tamponade, local infection, venous thrombosis, fatty infiltration of the placenta, and transaminitis.
Early patient education about the signs and symptoms of pregnancy may be beneficial. One study found an association between nausea and vomiting and insufficient knowledge about pregnancy, stress, doubts regarding the pregnancy, and poor communication with the doctor and spouse.
Early interventions may include reassurance and dietary counseling, including directing the patient to eat small meals, to avoid high-fat or spicy foods, to follow hunger cues, and to increase the intake of dry carbohydrates and carbonated beverages.
For patient education resources, see Pregnancy Center, as well as Pregnancy and Morning Sickness (Vomiting During Pregnancy).
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Scott JR. Medical and surgical complications of pregnancy. Danforth DN, De Saia PJ, Hammond CB, Scott JR, eds. Danforth's Obstetrics and Gynecology. 10th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008. 282-6.
Dotun A Ogunyemi, MD Vice Chair of Patient Safety and Quality, William Beaumont Hospital; Professor, Oakland University, William Beaumont School of Medicine; Clinical Services Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine
Dotun A Ogunyemi, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, American Medical Association, National Medical Association, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Alex Fong, MD Staff Physician, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Alex Fong, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association
Tiffany Chen Herrero, MD Resident Physician, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center
Richard S Legro, MD Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Milton S Hershey Medical Center
Richard S Legro, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Society of Reproductive Surgeons, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Endocrine Society, Phi Beta Kappa
Disclosure: Received honoraria from Korea National Institute of Health and National Institute of Health (Bethesda, MD) for speaking and teaching; Received honoraria from Greater Toronto Area Reproductive Medicine Society (Toronto, ON, CA) for speaking and teaching; Received honoraria from American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists (Washington, DC) for speaking and teaching; Received honoraria from National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Research Thi.
Christine Isaacs, MD Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division Head, General Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Director of Midwifery Services, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
Christine Isaacs, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Suzanne R Trupin, MD, FACOG Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign; CEO and Owner, Women's Health Practice; CEO and Owner, Hada Cosmetic Medicine and Midwest Surgical Center
Suzanne R Trupin, MD, FACOG is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, International Society for Clinical Densitometry, AAGL, North American Menopause Society, American Medical Association, Association of Reproductive Health Professionals
The authors and editors of Medscape Drugs & Diseases gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous author Giulia A Michelini, MD, to the development and writing of this article.
encoded search term (Hyperemesis Gravidarum) and Hyperemesis Gravidarum
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Home / Uncategorized / I CAN'T REOPEN CLOSED DOWN RADIO STATIONS, FOLLOW DUE PROCESS – AKUFO-ADDO
I CAN'T REOPEN CLOSED DOWN RADIO STATIONS, FOLLOW DUE PROCESS – AKUFO-ADDO
Adoa News April 5, 2020	Uncategorized Leave a comment 28 Views
President Nana Akufo-Addo has advised the management of all closed down radio stations to follow the right procedures to have their stations reopened.
The President said because he was not the one who shut down the stations, it "would be difficult for me to be the one to unlock them. The procedures are there. I am surprised that a year or so later those procedures are not [being] used to get the radio stations back on track."
"I don't really think there's any big secret about it. The law is very clear…" he said.
President Akufo-Addo gave the advice in response to a request by the National Chairman of the opposition National Democratic Congress (NDC), Samuel Ofosu Ampofo on granting amnesty to closed down radio stations in the country.
Mr. Ampofo said reopening the stations will help boost public sensitization on the Coronavirus outbreak in Ghana.
"In our effort to ensure that we reach out to the majority of our countrymen and women, I am appealing to His Excellency [Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo] to grant amnesty and get those radio stations that have been closed down to use their frequencies to reach out to the people and to reach out to them in various languages so that we will be able to reach out to every nook and cranny of this country," Mr. Ampofo appealed when he together with other political parties met with the President last Friday to deliberate on the COVID-19 pandemic.
Ghana currently has 214 cases of the novel coronavirus across six regions with the lastest being the Upper East region.
Why the closures
A number of radio stations including Radio Gold and XYZ were shut down by the National Communications Authority in May 2019.
The NCA explained that the closures were carried out in line with Regulations 65 (1) of the Electronic Communications Regulations, 2011, L. I. 1991, which states that "a person shall not use a radio frequency without authorisation from the Authority."
Radio Gold, for example, had been accused of operating with a license that expired in the year 2000.
The NCA referenced a 2018 ruling by the Electronic Communications Tribunal on the status of FM stations with expired authorisation saying companies whose authorisations had expired reverted to the same position as fresh applicants.
It added that the applications were to go through the required procedure for new FM Broadcasting Authorisation.
The shut down of stations extended beyond just Radio Gold and Radio XYZ.
Back in September 2017, the NCA in an attempt to sanitise the broadcasting sector shutting down 34 radio and television stations for various infractions.
The NCA also imposed fines ranging from GHc50,000 to GHC61,000,000.
The NCA in the 2017 audit fined Radio XYZ GHS4,090,000 in September 2017 for operating with a license that expired on 8th May 2016.
In the report, Radio Gold was also fined GHs 61,330,000 for operating with a license that expired on 6th September 2000.
Source:citinewsroom.com
Previous PRESIDENT TO ADDRESS GHANAIANS ON PROGRESS OF LOCKDOWN TODAY
Next MINORITY TO HEAD TO SUPREME COURT TO CHALLENGE PRE-TERTIARY BILL

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Ronald Paul "Ron" Fedkiw, (uttalas: ) född 27 februari 1968, är en docent på Stanford University.

Litteratur
 S. Osher and R. Fedkiw, "Level Set Methods and Dynamic Implicit Surfaces", Springer-Verlag, New York (2002).

Se även
 Industrial Light and Magic

Källor

 "Fedkiw, R., "A Survey of Chemically Reacting, Compressible Flow", Ph.D. Thesis, UCLA Mathematics Department, June 1996." Läst den 2008-10-17.
 "Ron Fedkiw" Läst 2008-10-17.

Externa länkar

 Fedkiw at Association for Computing Machinery
 Ronald Fedkiw på Mathematics Genealogy Project

Födda 1968
Levande personer
Amerikanska programmerare
Amerikanska matematiker under 2000-talet
Personer från Buffalo, New York
Män
Forskare från delstaten New York

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text:
In the United Kingdom, the Alternative Vote referendum also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was a referendum that took place on 5 May 2011, on whether to change the system for electing the House of Commons, the lower house of the national Parliament at Westminster. In the result of a Yes vote, future United Kingdom general elections would have used the "Alternative Vote" (AV); in the event of a No vote, the voting system would remain the same, with the UK continuing to use the "First Past the Post" (FPTP) voting system. The votes cast in the referendum were first counted in each of 440 districts or electoral divisions across the country (the "local counting areas"), which were then combined and declared at a regional level (the regions being the constituent countries of Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, and the regions of England).

Under the provisions of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 there was a total of 440 voting areas across twelve regions using the same boundaries as used in European Parliamentary elections since 1999 under the provisions of the European Parliamentary Elections Act 2002 with the exception of Gibraltar which did not participate in the referendum. In England the 326 local government districts were used as the voting areas; these consist of all unitary authorities, all metropolitan boroughs, all shire districts, the London boroughs, the City of London and the Isles of Scilly. As the date of the plebiscite coincided with elections to the Scottish Parliament, Welsh Assembly and the Northern Ireland Assembly  different arrangements were required for the devolved nations so in Scotland the 73 Scottish Parliamentary constituencies were used as the Scottish counting areas and in Wales the 40 Welsh assembly constituencies were used as the Welsh counting areas and Northern Ireland was a single counting area.

Ballots were due to be verified by 13:00 BST on 6 May 2011 and the votes were counted from 16:00 BST onwards. Both the local and regional results were updated live online via aboutmyvote.co.uk, a publicly accessible website run by the Electoral Commission.

This article lists, by voting area, all the results of the referendum, each ordered into national and regional sections.

United Kingdom
The national result for the whole United Kingdom was announced at the Platinum Suite at the Exhibition Centre London (ExCel) by the Chief counting officer (CCO) and Chair of the Electoral Commission, Jenny Watson, at 01:00 BST on Saturday 7 May 2011 after all 440 voting areas and UK regions had declared their results. With a national turnout of 42% the target to secure the majority win for the winning side was 9,639,512 votes.  The decision by the people who voted was a decisive "No" vote to adopting the alternative vote system in future United Kingdom general elections by a majority of 6,860,516 votes over those who had voted "Yes" in favor of the proposal.

Results by United Kingdom regions

Results by United Kingdom constituent countries

Local results
Of the 440 voting areas, ten returned a majority in favour of the change (Cambridge, Oxford, Glasgow Kelvin, Edinburgh Central, and the London Boroughs of Hackney, Islington, Haringey, Lambeth, Southwark and Camden). The counting area with the highest proportion of AV supporters was the London Borough of Hackney with 60.68% in favour of the change (34.23% turnout) and the lowest proportion was the borough of Castle Point, Essex with 20.29% in favour (41.38% turnout).

England
The English local districts were used as the voting areas for the referendum in England; these consist of all unitary authorities, all metropolitan boroughs, all shire districts, the London boroughs, the City of London and the Isles of Scilly.

The English Regions were also then used to count the votes at the regional level meaning there was no single national count of the votes. All nine regions in England returned huge "No" votes.

East Midlands

The East Midlands region was broken down into 40 voting areas.

East of England

The East of England region was broken down into 47 voting areas.

Greater London

The London region was broken down into 33 voting areas.

North East England

The North East England region was broken down into 12 voting areas.

North West England

The North West England region was broken down into 39 voting areas.

South East England

The South East England region was broken down into 67 voting areas.

South West England

The South West England region was broken down into 37 voting areas.

West Midlands

The West Midlands region was broken down into 30 voting areas.

Yorkshire and the Humber

The Yorkshire and the Humber region was broken down into 21 voting areas.

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland was a single voting area, as well as being a regional count for the referendum. It was the last region of the United Kingdom to declare its result after major delays due to slow pace of counting and declaring results for the 2011 Northern Ireland Assembly Elections meant that the start of the local count for the referendum could not begin until the evening on Friday 6 May 2011, several hours after counting had started in the rest of the country and the result was not finally known until 1am on Saturday 7 May 2011.

Scotland

The constituencies of the Scottish Parliament were used as the local voting areas for the referendum throughout Scotland.

Scotland was broken down into 73 voting areas.

Wales

The constituencies of the National Assembly for Wales were used as the local voting areas for the referendum throughout Wales.

Note: In Wales under the Welsh Language Act 1993 the Welsh language has equal status with the English language.

Wales was broken down into 40 voting areas.

References

External links
The Electoral Commission Referendum results

2011 referendums
A
Electoral reform in the United Kingdom
A
Election results in the United Kingdom


Many are realizing the benefits of drones compared with traditional means of recording video, taking photos or capturing data, and how they are bringing new capabilities to so many industries. Once companies determine to use a drone, it can be difficult to determine if they should buy their own drone(s) and hire and train pilots, or use a third-party drone service, like DroneAscent. I believe these answers will vary based on the needs of the company, just like other buy/rent or staff/contract business decisions. In this process, it is important to review the major considerations of these decisions. We'll discuss a few of them and provide thoughts on how to approach this decision.
The capabilities of drones are changing rapidly. Some are linear changes, like better camera resolution, longer flight times, or higher speeds. These improvements are similar to evaluating the purchase of a new computer. You know the features and specs available today will cost less tomorrow, or for the same price you will get more (speed and capacity). Like computers, we are seeing significant gains every 12-18 months in drones. For most basic video or photo needs, these changes shouldn't affect a buy/hire decision.
Drones started to include collision avoidance systems, allowing them to fly more safely or around objects.
These changes allow for all new flying scenarios and support new business use cases. Here, capital spent on the drone may be obsoleted quickly.
There are a number of classroom and online courses to teach people how to operate a drone and to prepare drone pilots for the FAA Part 107 exam. Keeping current on FAA and local regulations can be challenging, however, as there are frequent changes and often conflicts between jurisdictions.
The real consideration for companies is: do they want to have staff dedicated as a part-time drone pilot, rather than what the employee was hired to do. In other words, construction companies are probably better at hiring and managing tradespeople rather than drone pilots.
Many of these are costly to purchase or difficult to outsource. These software products can cost thousands, or even tens of thousands of dollars.
Many companies operate within a market or limited geography, where having local pilots and drones on staff doesn't require travel. If your operation spans multiple markets, states or regions, the cost of travel and regulation knowledge in those areas may quickly point to the benefits of hiring a multi-location, regional or national drone services provider, like DroneAscent.
The frequency of which drones are used by your business helps to offset the capital expense, depreciation, and drone pilot management. As drone applications and use of aerial video increases for your industry or application, it can help justify the buy option.
There are certain industries or applications that require quick drone access. Police and fire departments, and media outlets usually have urgent needs. If your business is unable to plan its aerial footage needs greater than 48 hours in advance, you'll likely find it difficult to hire drone services (though sometimes local pilot organizations can respond to immediate needs).
These are just a few considerations in the buy-hire decision. Please contact us to discuss your needs and see how affordable our drone services are before you invest into your own drone resources.


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text:
Жан-Франсуа́ Паска́ль Груссе́ (; , Корте, Франция — , Париж), известный под псевдонимом Андре́ Лори́ () — французский писатель-фантаст, автор приключенческой литературы. Последователь и соавтор Жюля Верна, член Парижской коммуны 1871 года, публицист.

Биография
Груссе родился 7 апреля 1845 года в городе Корте (Корсика).

В конце 1860-х годов сотрудничал в республиканской газете ; за антибонапартистские выступления подвергался преследованиям. В январе 1870 года имя Груссе стало широко известно из-за его несостоявшейся дуэли с принцем Пьером Наполеоном Бонапартом, в гневе застрелившим его секунданта, журналиста Виктора Нуара. Входил в Комиссию внешних сношений и Исполнительную комиссию Коммуны. Примыкал к бланкистскому крылу Коммуны. После подавления Парижской Коммуны был сослан на Новую Каледонию, откуда в 1874 году бежал в Австралию. Переплыв через океан, жил сначала в Соединённых Штатах, затем в Англии. Вернулся во Францию после амнистии 1880 года. В 1870—1890-х годах занимался литературной и публицистической деятельностью. В 1893—1909 годах — член .

Благодаря поддержке Жюля Верна Груссе стал публиковаться в издательстве Пьера Этцеля, специализируясь на школьных историях и приключенческих и фантастических произведениях. Первой такой публикацией стал роман «Пятьсот миллионов бегумы» (1879) — патриотическая фантастика, в которой критикуется германский национализм. Выведенный в романе образ злодея доктора Шульце во многом предвосхитил нацистов. Сюжетная основа Груссе была превращена Верном в полноценный роман. Поскольку на тот момент Груссе ещё был политическим заключённым, его указали в книге под псевдонимом Андре Лори, которым он с тех пор пользовался постоянно.

Одним из самых известных и интересных представителей ранней космической фантастики стал самый объемный роман Лори «Изгнанники Земли» (1887), во многом заложивший черты жанра космооперы. В русском издании книга известна под названием «На Луну», на английском роман вышел как «Завоевание Луны» (The Conquest Of The Moon: A Story of the Bayouda). Другие работы Лори («Рубин Великого Ламы», «Атлантида») сохраняют влияние Верна, их можно отнести к стимпанку. Несколько наивные по содержанию, направленные прежде всего на детскую и юношескую аудиторию, книги Лори сохраняют увлекательную приключенческую интригу и интересные фантастические элементы.

 умер в Париже. Похоронен на кладбище Пер-Лашез.

Романы
Андре Лори — автор серии приключенческих романов, как минимум три из которых были им написаны в сотрудничестве с Жюлем Верном; так же внутри произведений можно выделить серию о приключениях семейства колонистов Массей по пути в Африку и обратно (Жерар и Коллета, Залежа Жерара, Коллета в Родезии, Лазурный гигант):
 Пятьсот миллионов бегумы (1879; в соавт. с Ж. Верном) —  переписка между Верном и Этцелем показывает, что от оригинальной идеи Лори Верн использовал фабулу, значительно доработав и расширив первоначальную схематическую задумку Лори, оставив при этом патриотическую патетику.
 Жизнь английского колледжа (1881)
 Мемуары школьника/Записки ученика лицея (1882)
 Год в парижском колледже (1883)
 История ганноверского школьника (1884)
 Южная Звезда (1884; в соавт. с Ж. Верном)
 Наследник Робинзона (1884)
 Тито флорентиец (1885)
 Найдёныш с погибшей «Цинтии» (1885; в соавт. с Ж. Верном)
 Капитан Трафальгар (1886)
 Вокруг японского лицея (1886)
 Севильский бакалавр (1887)
 Изгнанники Земли (1887/1888; на русский язык переводился под названием «На Луну», на английский «Завоевание Луны» — The Conquest Of The Moon: A Story of the Bayouda - и «Лунное акционерное общество» - Sêléné Company Limited)
 Мемуары русского школьника (1889)
 Через океан. От Нью-Йорка до Бреста за семь часов (1888/1889).
 Тайна мага (1890)
 Аксель Эберсон, выпускник Упсалы (1891)
 Рубин Великого Ламы (1892/1894)
 Повесть Планеты Марс (1895)
 Атлантида (1895; публиковался на английском языке под названием «Кристальный Город под водой» — The Crystal City Under The Sea).
 Афинский школьник (1896)
 Жерар и Колетта (1897/1903) - в русском переводе выходил под названием "Искатели Золота"
 Дядюшка Чикаго. Школьные нравы в Америке (1898)
 Залежа Жерара (1900) — в английском издании «Претензии Жерара», Gerard's Claim.
 Коллета в Родезии (1901)
 Через университет Востока. Мировое турне холостяка (1901)
 Тайна вулкана (1902)
 Выпускник Сорбонны (1903)
 Крыша мира, приключение в Гималаях (1902)
 Лазурный гигант (1904)
 Властелин бездны (1905)
 Семестр в Швейцарии (1905)
 Невидимый снаряд (1905)
 Париж в Тимбукту (неопубликованный, 1905)
 Немой Спиридон (1907)

Примечания

Литература
 Андре Лори. Романы: Атлантида. Искатели золота. Радамехский карлик. Тайна мага. Через океан.
 Андре Лори. На Луну / Библиотека Вестника Моды: Приложение к журналу «Вестник Моды». — , 1889. — № 2—4 (Февраль—Апрель). — 157 с.
 Энциклопедия фантастики. Кто есть кто. Под редакцией Вл.Гамова. Минск, 1995. С.352. ISBN 985-6269-01-6
 Pierre-Alban Lebecq, Paschal Grousset. Sport et Education Physique a la Française. 1888-1909, Riveneuve, 2013

Авторы приключенческой литературы
Литераторы, известные под псевдонимами
Деятели Парижской коммуны
Похороненные на кладбище Пер-Лашез


text:
David Prentice, Ph.D.
Taxpayers Spend $100 Million Funding Research With Aborted Baby Parts, It's Time to Stop That
The United States is the world leader in most areas of science and medicine, yet our current medical establishment is decades behind in its ineffective and immoral use of aborted fetal tissue for research. It is time for the federal government to stop funding this antiquated research, and for our leaders at the National Institutes of Health to stop using taxpayer dollars to propagate poor science and the gruesome trafficking of aborted baby body parts.
Supreme Court May Take Major Case to Decide if States Can Defund Planned Parenthood
Like so many other pro-lifers, we are thrilled with the prospect of a new day on the United States Supreme Court. While we have been focusing intently on confirming Judge Brett Kavanaugh as associate justice of the Supreme Court, there is another battle we are waging in front of the Court.
Irish Pro-Life Group Slams Committee's "Appalling" Vote for Legalizing Abortion on Demand
Dublin, Ireland | 12/13/17
The Pro Life Campaign has said today's vote for abortion by the Oireachtas Committee on the Eighth Amendment is "a total betrayal of women and their unborn babies and represents a tragic drift backwards for society rather than a step forward. Anyone who tries to suggest that today's vote is not for abortion on demand is telling a lie."
Adult Stem Cells and Gene Therapy Save a Young Boy With Horrible Skin Condition
Washington, DC | 11/17/17
When people talk about something that "saved their skin," they usually mean that it helped them out of a difficult situation. But a young boy in Germany has literally had his skin—and his life—saved through the use of genetically-engineered adult stem cells.
Embryonic Stem Cell Research Still Hasn't Cured a Single Patient
Dr. Francis Collins has not shown any pro-life leadership at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In fact, in an interview, Dr. Collins' response to a congressional letter outlining pro-life members' concerns dripped with condescension, implying that the group of 41 congressmen understood neither the science nor the ethics of embryo and stem cell experiments. Dr. Collins owes us an apology. We know the science, use the scientifically accurate terms and know the ethical facts. Dr. Collins' positions at NIH have not been pro-life.
Human Life Begins at Fertilization — Even if Scientists are Creating People in a Lab
There continue to be reports of new attempts to create life, sometimes labeled "synthetic" or "artificial" because the entity is not created the old-fashioned way, i.e., by fertilization of an egg with a sperm. The most recent report involved combining two different types of stem cells to form an embryo-like structure that was labeled "artificial." But is the manner in which a life begins the most important factor in how we regard that life? If a life is created using artificial or non-natural means, is that life really synthetic? Or rather, once a life is created, is that life like any other? The labels we put on things not only identify them but also give them value. So if we label a life as "artificial," is this also a way to devalue that life?
Despite Massive Hype and Billions of Dollars Embryonic Stem Cells Still Haven't Cured a Single Patient
Stem cells. Those words can conjure up many images for those who hear them: cures, death of young human beings, millions and billions of taxpayer dollars, lab-coated scientists, petri dishes, and patients with serious conditions—waiting, hoping, disappointed, or treated.
Over 60,000 People Every Year Get Adult Stem Cell Treatments, Embryonic Cells Help No One
We are now just a little more than two weeks away from Christmas when Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus and reflected on the wonder of God taking on the form of a human being, especially starting as a newborn baby born under humble circumstances.
Adult Stem Cells: The Best Kept Secret In Medicine
Stem cell therapies and their lifesaving results are arguably the best kept medical secret. Stem cells are currently being used in several thousand FDA-approved clinical trials, are treating tens of thousands of patients every year, and cumulatively over 1.5 million people have been treated to date. Yet these numbers, and the lifesaving results from stem cells for dozens of conditions, are unknown to most. Why the information blackout? Perhaps for lack of an adjective.


Our ability to connect with others and ourselves is at the root of what makes us sick and what makes us well, what causes sadness and what brings happiness, what makes us suffer and what leads to healing.
Greatest Motivation: The program's exercise component taught me how to work out, showed me which machines to use and how to use them, and gave me the confidence to not worry about all of the "buff, young people" that populated the gym in my imagination. After the official program ended in December, I signed up for the YMCA and have been taking classes regularly ever since. I'm really happy about that.
Her Story: My Ornish story began about 6 months ago. I've never had heart disease, but at the time, I was struggling with high cholesterol and beginning to put myself at risk for some serious complications down the road. I was taking medication for it, but—because of the side effects and because I simply don't like medications—I'd been wrestling with my internist for months, trying to get him to replace my medication with a more natural treatment. Finally, he told me about the Ornish Lifestyle Medicine Program (Intensive Cardiac Rehabilitation) at Ekahi and gave me the push I needed to sign up. Looking back, I'm so grateful that he did.
Today, I'm proud to say that I'm no longer taking cholesterol medication and I've lost a remarkable amount of weight—both of which really mean a lot to me. I've been trying to lose weight for years, so it was honestly surprising that I was not only able to lose weight, but actually keep it off too. I thank my doctor every time I see him for getting me into the Ornish Lifestyle Medicine Program—it's really changed my life.
One of the biggest non-medical changes for me has been that, for the first time in my life, I've been going to the gym. I was always intimidated by gyms; for years, I'd think about going—but then I'd picture all of these buff, young people working out and just skip the gym entirely. Plus the machines always seemed so daunting. But the program's exercise component changed all of that. It taught me how to work out, showed me which machines to use and how to use them, and gave me the confidence to not worry about all of the "buff, young people" that populated the gym in my imagination. After the official program ended in December, I signed up for the YMCA and have been taking classes regularly ever since. I'm really happy about that.
Each of the program's four elements (nutrition, exercise, stress management, and group support) played a role in getting me to where I am today, but much like the exercise, the group support element stands out in my mind as being particularly impactful. Only four of the people in my cohort knew each other coming into the program, but over the course of nine weeks we became very close. During our group support sessions, we'd talk about our successes, our lives, and our struggles—and there definitely were struggles, but we overcame them together. Every one of us lost weight, every one of us felt better, every one of us made a new group of friends. That's what makes the program so sustainable; it's built on love and caring among the cohort and among the amazing staff at 'Ekahi. Their effort and encouragement guaranteed that this program would be easy to follow, and it was.
Personally, my biggest challenge at the beginning of the program was that I struggled to take time to pay attention to myself. For years, I've been very busy coordinating my church's Edler Care Ministry and spending time with family members, so my own personal needs always fell by the wayside. I used to actually feel guilty whenever I took time to do something for myself. But this program showed me that—in order to continue caring for my family and providing for others—I first need to focus on my health. Today, I feel good, both emotionally and physically, so I know that I'm doing the right thing. The guilt is gone.
Lastly, to anyone who is thinking of enrolling in the Ornish Lifestyle Medicine Program, I'd say try it—you will be amazed. The program really works and you'll see tangible, medical results quickly. Plus, it will help you bring your motivations to life; for me, it's all about my grandchildren. I have two of them now and I just adore them. I want more of them, I want to see them grow up, and I want to be a big part of their lives for a long time to come. With the Ornish Lifestyle Medicine Program, I'm confident that I'll be able to do that. That means everything to me, and I know that if other people try the program, then it can do something similar for them, too.
Stories inspire us, help us feel a sense of connection with others, and a part of something bigger then ourselves. At their heart, stories help us heal.
Dr. Ornish is here to provide guidance and support for anyone interested in leading a healthier lifestyle.


You are here: Home » US Visa » How Long Will Your U.S. Visa Allow You to Stay in the U.S.
One common question regarding traveling to U.S. is how long can someone stay in the U.S. on a temporary (non-immigrant) visa? Is it determined on the date of the visa issuance that you received at the U.S. Embassy/Consulate or is it based on the date you enter the U.S.? And what determines that exact date which you must depart U.S.?
Each category of non-immigrant visa (temporary visa) has its own rule on how long a foreigner is permitted to stay in the U.S. soil.
Usually 6 months. In addition, you can apply for extension of stay for another 6 months. Reason for extension must be consistent with the terms and conditions of your original status.
Such type of visa is normally issued up from a period of 1 month to 10 years. The visitor will be allowed to stay up to 6 months each entry, but can apply to extend the stay in the U.S. even longer.
If the travel purpose is crew service, the length of stay allowed in the U.S. is maximum of 29 days. No extensions of stay or changes to another status.
Holders of this visa may remain in the U.S. as long as he/she remains enrolled, in a full-time study, or in an educational program at an approved school. Conditions include making normal progress towards completing the course of study and in compliance with all the terms of the visa category. There is a 60-day grace period to prepare to leave the United States. No extension application needed.
When a non-immigrant visa was issued, the issuing post (U.S. Embassy or Consulate) will put a sticker in the visa holder's passport. Check the issue date and expiration date. This means that you have a permission to travel from your country to a port of entry in the U.S. during the validity of your non-immigrant visa, or at any time starting from the issuance date to the last day the visa is valid.
The length of time that you may legally remain in the U.S. starts when you arrive at your destination point of entry. U.S. Customs and Border Protection officer who processes your entry upon your arrival in the U.S. will stamp your passport with a date. This marks the day 1 of your stay. Check your Visa Type/Class to know until when you may legally remain in the U.S.
Some visa categories allow the holder to apply for an extension of stay. The extension may or may not be granted depending upon the reason for extension. You must justify to USCIS why you need to extend your stay and that you still intend to return to your country after at the end of your specified visit. This extension of stay is normally applied within 3 months of coming to the U.S. The maximum duration of extension you can ask is 6 months.
In consideration to all the information above, take for example a B2 Visa (visiting U.S. for pleasure, tourism, visiting friends or relatives), the maximum you can stay in the U.S. is 1 year.


text:
Jill Biden Embarrasses Joe–Reveals He Has Not Decided to Run In 2024
Repeatedly over the last two years, Joe Biden has reassured his party that he was all-in for 2024. Despite terrible approval numbers, a wrecked economy, and ongoing problems inside America and without, Biden has vowed to run for re-election.
Somebody didn't tell Jill Biden, though. As we near critical midterms, she was asked what Joe has discussed with her. And, echoing sentiments from other corners of the party, she revealed Biden has not decided to run for re-election in 2024.
Tuesday, during an appearance on NBC's "Today," first lady Jill Biden acknowledged she had not yet discussed her husband, President Joe Biden's 2024 political plans.
"Not yet," she said. "He's been a little bit too busy. Not yet, but I'm sure they'll be discussions."
However, the first lady suggested he should run again.
"You know, it is taxing," Biden added. "But look at all that Joe has done. He has kept true to what he said he would do. So, I just think he needs to keep going." [Source: Breitbart]
Oh, right. Joe's a "bit too busy" to just sit down with his wife and discuss something as unimportant as running for re-election. She claims he is too preoccupied with his current job.
Really? What has Biden been doing these last two years? From all appearances, Joe just does whatever the party tells him to do. It's hard to believe he's been all that taxed by this job.
Interestingly, Jill said there will be discussion, but not necessarily with her (or with Joe). Many wonder if Biden is actually in charge. His agenda is far and away more progressive than what he promised.
Is it possible Jill and Joe are just waiting for what the party tells them they'll do?
Let's be perfectly honest. Joe's future depends on the 2022 midterms. If his failed agenda actually ends up hurting the party, he's toast. If by some miracle, the party salvages these elections, he might live to fight for another term.
What's striking is that Jill is not providing a definitive answer, when Joe earlier in 2022 was confident of his plans.
It seems that if Joe was a shoo-in for 2024, his wife of all people would be championing his plans. When have you ever heard of a president not confident in running for a second term?
This mirrors what we've been seeing since 2021. Biden has been suffering historically-bad approval numbers. His "accomplishments" are minimal at best. Small improvements in the economy were merely accidental. He can't claim he's done anything to "build back better," regardless of what his press secretary says.
It's not a surprise Jill can't say if he'll run for sure. Because the party is already planning to give him the book.


w Margaret Rebecca b 16.2.1914 m 20.10.1939 d.28.12.2004, in her 91st year.
He entered business and at same time served for many years as a Lay Preacher.
the Parish Minister at Waverley Parish Church.
Physician; served on Executive of the Order for a number of years.
Whangamomona TkP 1924 - resigned 31.1.1928 & withdrew.
Academy Perth, University of Edinburgh (MA 1847), and at New College Edinburgh.
Licensed by the Presb. Of Edinburgh 1851.
Ordained by Presb. of Aberdeen 4 January 1853 – Assistant Minister.
vigorous pastorate, appointed by the Colonial Committee of the Free Church of Scotland.
He was introduced by Rev W. Lawry, General Superintendent of the Wesleyan Mission.
His charge included the whole of North Auckland, and was at first in the Synod of Eastern Australia.
The Auckland Presbytery was formed in 1856; in the years up to 1862 he visited all outlying districts of Auckland.
Province. His own charge assumed the name of St Andrews.
Moderator of the Northern Assembly 1866.
and to secure further Ministers for the New Zealand Church.
from 1891, Editor of the "New Zealand Times", wrote for the "New Zealand Observer".
until he went to Sydney.
Brother of Prof A.B. Bruce of the Free Church College Glasgow.
res 31.1.1945 to be married.
BRUERTON, Mrs D. see Murray, J.R.
BRYDONE, Rev Hamish Alistair Stewart B.A.
Cheviot ChP 9.12.1948 res 30.11.1950 & returned to UK.
Young Women's Bible Class Travelling Secretary 1.2.1930 - resigned 6.1933 to marry.
before travelling to England with David in the late 1930's . Returned to NZ during wartime.
Died at Paeroa Jan 2000, aged 99 years.
b 21.6.1872 Clyde, Central Otago.
then after moving, attended both Primary School and Sunday School at Thomson's Creek Valley.
In early youth worked a gold sluicing claim; at 19 he worked in a Grocers shop in Dunedin.
Brother-in-law of R. Stewart, A. Stevenson; Uncle of J.A. Thomson.
BURGESS, Rev Dr (Sr) Nancy (Nan) Jean M.A., PhD.
Born and grew up in rural Waikato.
Attended Hamilton Technical College where she excelled academically and at sport.
time that Nan realised traditional teaching methods were condemning some children to a life of illiteracy.
Upon her return taught for two years at Hamilton Technical College, also organising the College sports programme.
spiritual understanding sp applied and was accepted for training as a Deaconess.
non-language Theological Hall Course alongside the trainee ministers.
to complete her M.A. During this time she lived at the Deaconess College, becoming its gardener in lieu of board.
many educational and sporting trips, including taking senior girls to different parts of Australia."
responsibility for the organisation of fieldwork for the students along with her lecturing.
Acting Principal Theological Hall Dunedin (temp in addition to above) 1989, 2 years.
Israel, became the facilitator of the Dominican Community at Tecshmakers, and completed her Ph.D.
Nnational Executive for 3 years as Programme, Prayer and study Convener.
Braided River of Faith", editing a fourth volume at the time of her death.
Represented New Zealand at Diakonia Conference s in Germany and the Phillippines.
to 'think outside the square' proved invaluable."
commitment to pastoral care, especially to those alone or in need."
Died 18th Feb 2010 at home in Waikanae after a period of ill health.
BURGIN, Rev Christopher T. Dip.Ag.,B.S.W.,B.D.
BURLEY, Rev Samuel (Sam) W.
School teacher, lay preacher and member of session at Waikaremoana, Waitanguru, Mokauiti and Weber.
Ord Richmond NMP 3.12.1958 - A "New LIfe" Parish, he was their first Minister.
Otara-East Tamaki SAP 20.2.1964 - A "New Life" Parish, again being their first Minister.
"Man on the spot" for Samaritan Lifeline while at Otara.
Convener of the North Shore Presbytery Parish Development and Mission Committee.
and Parish Development and Mission 1983-84.
played for, have sustained many families.
BURNET, Rev John Leslie B.A.
Greerton BPP 25.9.1958 - retired 21.1.1968 due to failing eyesight and death of wife - desolation.
New Life Movement, travelled speaking at the outset of the Movement.
streams in the Ashburton Parish. He was frequently away from home nursing sick people.
decision to resign from the charge.
(From Ashburton Parish History, 1924).
Khandallah (also Wadestown & Kilbirnie) WNP 1893 to 1898.
initially for 6 months provided that the Parish paid £1 per week towards his stipend.
However by 1898 their financial position became precarious so Rev Burnett resigned.
Retired in Wellington and his name is recorded there until 1910.
anyone who holds or knows of the existence of any original photographs of the Rev Burnett.
parts of a diary of his voyage to England on the 'Euterpe' (now preserved at San Diego) in 1892.
Uncle, the Rev. John Steel of Otterstone, Minister of Monkton, Ayrshire.
with the exception of the two younger daughters.
its origins to her efforts, and in which she continued her close interest to the close of her life.
Came to New Zealand in 1929 to relieve the Rev Tulloch Yuille while on leave in Scotland.
BURNS, Rev Robert Neville B.A.
ordained in 1826, serving there for 4 years.
occurred in 1843, and he was one of those who 'came out'.
He sacrifriced his salary of £400 and threw in his lot with the Free Church of Scotland.
and many members 'came out'.
months later he accepted the post of Minister to the settlers going to 'New Edinburgh'.
on to settle social, economic, and even sometimes political issues.
be conferred on a Free Church Minister.
was opened. A memorial to him was placed in the front porch of the Church.
Died 23.1.1871 and interred in the Southern Cemetery, Dunedin.
Ordained 1906 at West Perth, Australia.
Chaplain New Zealand Expeditionary Forces 1915-18 - resigned 31.12.1919 and went to Australia.
Chap (Pres) at Waikato Hosp. Clerk WkP 1920-8.
After illness of several mths died.
BURTON, Rev Thomas Herbert B.A.
Local Preacher. Took the Home Missionary course.
From the United Methodist Church of the USA.
res 1921 fr HM serv, when Wilson app to Aria.
Normanby TkP 1914, Ord HM 1914 res 1916 to NZEF.
BUTLER, Rev Noel Angus B.A.
Aust & NZ recd into PCNZ 1916.
Southbridge ChP 5.9.1918 res 31.12.1926 thr failing health.
For many yrs fought gallantly against ill-health.
b 14.9.1867 Rochdale Lancashire England.
served 15 years in the Congregational Church England.
Received into the Presb. Church of NZ by 1913 General Assembly.
Theological Hall, Knox College, 1929-1930 and 1932; to Westminster College, Cambridge.
Travelled with H.S.Scott in Europe and subsequently published On the Road.
resigned 31 January 1972 but continued part-time. Retired 31 January 1974.
After retirement helped in Hall Library, and Secretary at Knox Church, Dunedin.
A great love of gardening, he landscaped and maintained the Opoho Church gardens.
Although of a quiet nature, he was known as a superb after-dinner speaker with a great fund of stories and a ready wit.
Previously known in Taranaki as a lay preacher and active Church worker.
South Australia for 4 years. Formerly a Store Assistant.


text:
Christopher Swindle
in: Voice Actors, American Voice Actors, Dallas-Based Voice Actors,
Houston-Based Voice Actors
Voice Actors for FUNimation
Voice Actors for OkraTron 5000
Voice Actors for Sentai Filmworks
Jim Johnson (American voice actor)
Fort Worth, Texas, U.S.
Mary Collins
Jim Johnson is an American voice actor from Fort Worth, Texas, USA. He's affiliated with FUNimation Entertainment.
He is not to be confused with British voice actor Jim Johnson.
1.1.1 Anime
1.1.2 OVAs & Specials
Crayon Shin-chan (1992-present) - Additional Voices (FUNimation Dub)
One Piece (1999-present) - Bluejam, McKinley, Yukimura, Pirate E (ep. 1), Bandit A (ep. 4), Additional Voices
Burst Angel (2004) - Additional Voices
Samurai 7 (2004) - Additional Voices
Basilisk (2005) - Mino Nenki
Black Cat (2005-2006) - Gilber (ep. 14)
Hell Girl (2005-2006) - Mr. Kato (ep. 1)
Mushi-Shi (2005-2006) - Villager (eps. 23-24)
Speed Grapher (2005) - Additional Voices
Star Blazers: Space Battleship Yamato 2199 (2012-2013) - Herm Zoellick
Fairy Tail (2009-2019) - Leiji (eps. 10-40), Additional Voices
Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood (2009-2010) - Gamelan (ep. 56), Additional Voices
The Sacred Blacksmith (2009) - Additional Voices
Black Butler II (2010) - Additional Voices
Toriko (2011-2014) - Moriji (ep. 24)
Dragon Ball Z Kai: The Final Chapters (2014-2015) - Fighter (ep. 165)
Sengoku Basara: End of Judgement (2014) - Additional Voices
Tokyo Ghoul (2014-2015) - Additional Voices
Dragon Ball Super (2015-2018) - Nink
The Heroic Legend of Arslan (2015) - Taara (ep. 15), Additional Voices
The Heroic Legend of Arslan: Dust Storm Dance (2016) - Additional Voices
My Hero Academia (2016-present) - Nagamasa Mora, Additional Voices
The Ancient Magus' Bride (2017) - Additional Voices
Black Clover (2017-2021) - Additional Voices
Free! Dive to the Future (2018) - Game Voice A (ep. 9), TV Announcer A (ep. 9)
OVAs & Specials
One Piece: Episode of Sabo (2015) - Bluejam
One Piece: Heart of Gold (2016) - Yukimura
One Piece: Episode of Skypiea (2018) - Additional Voices
My Hero Academia: Heroes Rising (2019) - Additional Voices
Dragon Ball Z: Wrath of the Dragon (1995) - Robber C
Case Closed: The Time Bombed Skyscraper (1997) - Additional Voices
One Piece: Unlimited Adventure (2007) - McKinley
Jim Johnson at the Internet Movie Database
Jim Johnson at the Anime News Network's encyclopedia
Dallas-Based Voice Actors


·The consignment period is 60 days.
After the 60 days, the item(s) is expired. You have 7 days (grace period) to pick up your item(s) or we can donate it for you. If you have not picked up your item(s) within the 7 day grace period, it will become the property of Home Again.
It is your responsibility to check with us to see whether your items have sold or not. We suggest that you call or email once a month to check on your item(s). We have many consignors, so we are unable to call each person about item(s) that have sold.
The price on your item(s) will stay at their determined price for as long as customers are interested in the piece. We will then mark it down as we see fit during the consignment period.
Consignment is a 50-50 split on furniture and accessories.
We must see the item(s) in which you want to consign so we can assure quality prior to acceptance. You can bring your camera/phone in with the image of the item, or you can email a picture (preferably) to info@homeagainjh.com.


text:
Home » interview • prog » André Cholmondeley: Tech/Tour Manager to the Stars
Posted in interview, prog By Bill Kopp On March 1, 2017
André Cholmondeley: Tech/Tour Manager to the Stars
Guitarist André Cholmondeley visited Asheville as early as 2001 when his Frank Zappa tribute band Project/Object played a show at Stella Blue (now the Asheville Music Hall). By 2006, he had moved here from New Jersey, and his career had taken a major, unexpected turn. In the space of just a few years, he went from just playing the music of his rock heroes to working with many of them.
As a guitar tech and tour manager, Cholmondeley began working with a succession of top-notch names in music. By 2011, he was the technician for Yes guitarist Steve Howe; he toured Europe and the U.S. several times with the band, and just wrapped up a February tour with the group.
L-R: Keith Emerson, Josh Blake of iamavl.com, André Cholmondeley.
Cholmondeley's move into tour management and "teching" happened by chance. One day in late 2006 when he was still in New Jersey, he was chatting with a friend, sharing plans for the coming weekend. "I've got this gig I'm supposed to do, but I'm too busy," Cholmondeley's friend told him. "I'm supposed to go 'tech' for Al Di Meola … hey, you should do it, André. They're looking for someone for the weekend." Cholmondeley demurred, thinking he wasn't qualified for the job of the jazz guitarist's onstage technician, or even working as a member of his road crew.
But that evening, he gave the opportunity some thought. And then he realized, "Wow – I've actually had the training for this!" His years leading Project/Object found him handling most or all of the duties this one-day gig would require, even though he hadn't been doing them in an official capacity.
The next day, he got in touch with Di Meola's assistant, and fielded a barrage of questions. He recalls his answers. "I'm not a luthier, but yes, I can set a guitar up. I can change the pickup, I can change the jack, tune the guitar, set up amps, et cetera." He was told, "Okay. We'll see you. Just come to this address on Friday afternoon."
Literally overnight, that one-day gig turned into an international tour. "I learned a lot from Al," says Cholmondeley. "It was a trial by fire. He's definitely a perfectionist, a stickler."
What's more, Cholmondeley soon realized that life on the road with Project/Object meant that he had the skills and experience to be a tour manager, too. "I didn't know it – and I didn't call it that – but because I was the band leader, right away I was figuring out the money, renting the van, booking the hotels."
By 2011 Cholmondeley began working for Yes' Steve Howe; the February 2017 tour is his fourth with the group. Along the way he got to know the band members quite well, so when founding member and bassist Chris Squire died in June 2015, the loss was both a musical and personal one.
Cholmondeley also worked closely with Greg Lake and Keith Emerson for several years. He toured with them together and separately, and was a technician at the final ELP concert in 2010. Cholmondeley can be seen onstage – albeit briefly – in the commercially-released DVD of that concert.
The chemistry between Cholmondeley and both men was obvious, and extended beyond a working relationship; when Emerson visited Asheville for the 2014 Moogfest, he spent most of his free time with Cholmondeley. And on Lake's 2012 solo "Songs of a Lifetime Tour," the guitarist made a point of introducing – by name – his technician/road manager to the audience. Both Emerson and Lake died in 2016.
The behavior of some artists can seem quirky or even intimidating to outsiders who meet them in person. Steve Howe, for example, won't shake hands with strangers, lest he run the risk of damaging his hands. Like Emerson and Lake, he – and in fact most for whom Cholmondeley has worked, a list that also includes David Torn, John Wetton, moe., Derek Trucks, violinist Eddie Jobson and many others – has a reputation for being very demanding. "I think they're all perfectionists," Cholmondeley says. "And I have no problem with that," he says. "That's how we got those albums!"
Rather than advertising his services, Cholmondeley has been content to let his work speak for itself. "Every job I've gotten is because I met someone" while working, he says. "And they just know, 'Hey, I worked with this guy on this previous tour, and he did a good job.'"
Cholmondeley has taken to heart the lessons he's learned along the way. "I'm still in this balance," he says. "I'm a musician, and I do guitar tech work." Other than learning one's craft, his rules for being successful working as a tour manager/technician are quite simple. "Be nice to people," he says, "and do your job."
Tags:andre cholmondeley


Irish Life Plc provide Pensions, Life Assurance, Savings & Investments and other financial services to the Irish Market.
Irish Life & Permanent is a leading financial services provider in the Irish market enjoying strong market positions in life and pensions, asset management and retail banking.
Irish Life and Permanent, Plc (ISE: ILB, LSE: IPM) (Irish: Cuideachta Bheatha na hÉireann) is a provider of personal financial services in Ireland.
The Irish Life Experience... An Unforgettable Summer Journey to Ireland! Céad Mile Fáilte (A Hundred Thousand Welcomes) to the Irish Life Experience.
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*Suggestions only; please measure your pup to ensure an accurate fit.
Please use this size chart as a guide to help you pick the best size Kote for your pup. Measure your pup from the base of the neck to the tail for the length, and around the neck for the neck circumference.
If you're unsure or have a question, feel free to contact us.
Please use this size chart as a guide to help you pick the best size scarf for your pup. Measure your pup around the neck for the neck circumference.
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text:
module.exports = Messages

var h = require('virtual-dom/h')
var inherits = require('util').inherits
var BaseElement = require('./base-element')

var htmlToVDom = require('html-to-vdom')
var VNode = require('virtual-dom/vnode/vnode')
var VText = require('virtual-dom/vnode/vtext')

var convertHTML = htmlToVDom({
  VNode: VNode,
  VText: VText
})

function makeVDom (html) {
  return convertHTML('
' + html + '
')
}

function Messages (target) {
  BaseElement.call(this, target)
  this.shouldAutoScroll = true
  // keep track of the scrollTop property here to avoid odd behavior when
  // changing scrollHeight while rerendering
  this.scrollTop = 0
  this.composerHeight = 48
}
inherits(Messages, BaseElement)

Messages.prototype.render = function (channel, users) {
  var self = this
  var childViews

  if (channel && channel.messages.length === 0) {
    var starterMessage = 'This is a new channel. Send a message to start things off!'
    childViews = h('.messages.starterMessage', starterMessage)
  } else {
    var messages = (channel ? channel.messages : []).map(function (msg) {
      var user = users[msg.username]
      if (user && user.blocked) return null

      var verified = !/Anonymous/i.test(msg.username) && msg.valid
      var userUrl = verified ? 'http://github.com/' + msg.username : '#'
      return h('li.message.clearfix', [
        h('img.avatar', {
          src: msg.avatar,
          style: { cursor: 'pointer' },
          onclick: function (e) {
            if (userUrl !== '#') {
              self.send('openUrl', userUrl)
            }
          }
        }),
        h(verified ? 'a.username' : '.username', { href: userUrl, style: {textDecoration: 'none', color: 'inherit' } }, msg.username),
        verified ? h('.verified') : null,
        h('.timestamp', msg.timeago),
        makeVDom(msg.html) || h('.text', msg.text)
      ])
    })
    childViews = h('.messages', {
      onscroll: function () {
        if (this.scrollHeight <= this.clientHeight + this.scrollTop) self.shouldAutoScroll = true
        else self.shouldAutoScroll = false
      },
      style: {
        paddingBottom: this.composerHeight
      },
      scrollTop: this.scrollTop
    }, messages)
  }

  var onleave = function () {
    if (!channel || channel.name === 'friends') return
    self.send('leaveChannel', channel.name)
  }

  var leavableChannel = channel.name !== 'friends'

  return h('.messages-container', [
    h('div', { className: 'top-bar' }, [
      h('.channelName', '#' + (channel ? channel.name : 'friends') + ' (' + channel.peers + ' peer' + (channel.peers === 1 ? '' : 's') + ')'),
      leavableChannel ? h('button.button.leaveButton', {onclick: onleave}, 'Leave') : null
    ]),
    childViews
  ])
}

Messages.prototype.scrollToBottom = function (force) {
  if (!force && !this.shouldAutoScroll) return
  var messagesDiv = document.querySelector('.messages')
  if (messagesDiv) messagesDiv.scrollTop = messagesDiv.scrollHeight
}

Messages.prototype.notifyComposerHeight = function (height) {
  var messagesDiv = document.querySelector('.messages')
  if (messagesDiv) {
    var heightChange = height - this.composerHeight
    this.scrollTop = messagesDiv.scrollTop + heightChange
  }

  this.composerHeight = height
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub