text:
Pregnant during the COVID-19 crisis: Taking care of your mental health
Medically reviewed by Timothy J. Legg, Ph.D., CRNP — Written by Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA on April 8, 2020
Effects during pregnancy
What to ask a doctor
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the healthcare landscape for many patient populations — including pregnant women.
Altered hospital policies, concerns about contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and changes to doctors' office hours have all affected pregnancy.
Information regarding pregnancy and COVID-19 is continually evolving. This article will cover the currently available information relating to pregnancy during the pandemic.
Tips and practices
Stress-relieving practices may help women maintain good mental health during pregnancy.
Pregnancy can be an exciting time, but also one of uncertainty. The COVID-19 pandemic understandably adds further stress and may cause anxiety in some people.
During pregnancy, signs and symptoms of high stress include:
changes in appetite
frequent feelings of fear and worry about the pregnancy and delivery
Pregnant women may wish to try the following stress-relieving practices and tips:
Refrain from looking at physical media or watching the news around the clock. Instead, limit the news to key times of the day, such as the morning or before dinner, leaving the evenings free for unwinding and promoting sleep.
Ask a doctor or midwife about online antenatal classes, which are excellent places to meet and talk to other pregnant women.
Try meditating, deep breathing, or gentle stretching.
Take care of key relationships by connecting with friends and family over the phone or through video conferences.
Get enough sleep by going to bed at a consistent time and limiting screen time beforehand.
Maintain a healthful diet and engage in regular exercise. Eating well and staying active can help the body stay healthy in times of mental ill health.
Take up a new hobby or rediscover an old one, such as playing an instrument, learning a language, or reading. People may also enjoy making blankets, clothes, or handmade toys for the coming baby, or decorating a nursery.
Make use of online support groups and forums for pregnant women and new parents.
Consider online counseling. Therapy can be helpful for anyone experiencing anxiety, depression, or stress.
Ask for extra help — this may mean that a partner takes a greater share of caring for the children, if applicable, or that a neighbor does the grocery shopping and drops the bags outside the door.
If a woman is experiencing significant mental distress, it is vital to speak to a doctor, midwife, or counselor.
Depression during pregnancy is common but treatable. Even if they are physical distancing, pregnant women do not have to face depression or other mental health concerns alone.
Read more about depression during pregnancy in this article.
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) have also established a Disaster Distress Helpline, which people can access by calling 1-800-985-5990 (TTY: 1-800-846-8517) or texting TalkWithUs to 66746.
To help support the mental well-being of you and your loved ones during this difficult time, visit our dedicated hub to discover more research-backed information.
Physical distancing while pregnant
Avoiding contact with others, especially large groups of people, can reduce the transmission of the coronavirus.
Many areas have enacted shelter-at-home or safer-at-home policies that discourage people from going outside except for essential travel, such as going to the grocery store or pharmacy or making other necessary visits.
It is essential to keep attending prenatal appointments, but be aware that some of these appointments may occur over the phone.
Modern technology enables doctors' offices to change the way in which they help people, including pregnant women.
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend that pregnant women talk with a doctor to determine how often they should go for in-person visits.
Doctors may offer online video call visits called telemedicine. They may recommend spacing out ultrasound appointments or other in-person visits to reduce a woman's risk for transmission.
If possible, having a partner or delivery service secure key items can help reduce a pregnant woman's exposure to the public.
People should always wash their hands when returning from the grocery store or a walk outside.
Learn about the difference between physical distancing and self-isolation in this article.
COVID-19 effects during pregnancy
As COVID-19 is a new and developing health crisis, experts have not yet identified its effects on pregnancy. They remain unsure whether pregnant women are more at risk of getting COVID-19 or experiencing more severe symptoms and whether they might pass the virus to the baby.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), no evidence currently exists to suggest that pregnant women are at higher risk of experiencing severe COVID-19 symptoms than the general population.
A small study of nine pregnant women in their third trimester with COVID-19 and pneumonia symptoms in Wuhan, China, found that one baby tested positive for the virus 36 hours after birth.
However, tests of the woman's placenta and umbilical cord were negative, which could mean that the newborn contracted the virus after birth, rather than in the womb. This sample size was very small, which makes drawing conclusions difficult.
Another study of 38 pregnant women testing positive for COVID-19 in China did not find that their symptoms were more severe than those affecting the general population.
The study did not report any maternal deaths or the transmission of COVID-19 to any babies.
A recent study from the United Kingdom, currently available online in preprint form, found that more than half of the pregnant women hospitalized with COVID-19 were black or ethnic minorities. These populations may, therefore, be at greater risk of negative effects during pregnancy.
This study fits in with a mounting body of evidence that shows how COVID-19 has a disproportionate effect on people from black, Asian, and minority ethnic (BAME) communities. Some experts believe this stems from widespread discrimination and systemic racism in healthcare. Read more here.
When to self-isolate
If a pregnant woman has symptoms that resemble those of COVID-19, such as coughing, fever, or shortness of breath, she should call a doctor.
The doctor can make recommendations about whether or not COVID-19 testing is necessary.
If the woman's symptoms are mild, a doctor will likely recommend that she self-isolate at home.
Home treatment includes taking acetaminophen for fever relief, resting, and drinking plenty of water.
A high fever or difficulty breathing are signs that urgent care is necessary. Try to call the hospital before arriving at the emergency room so that they can take any necessary precautions.
Do you have to give birth alone in the hospital?
Some hospitals in the United States have prohibited visitors for the foreseeable future — including during childbirth — to protect healthcare staff and other patients from the virus. The number of support people who may enter the delivery room can vary from hospital to hospital, however.
For example, the University of Chicago Medicine have stated that they allow one support person during a vaginal delivery but none during a cesarean delivery.
The policies for a support person can vary. It is best to contact the relevant hospital to ask about their policies for a support person in advance.
Some women may consider the option of a home birth as an alternative to ensure that they can have their partner or a family member or friend present.
While this is a possibility for some people, it is vital to remember that COVID-19 procedures could delay entry to the hospital if complications occur during the birth.
Questions to ask a doctor
The pandemic has resulted in many pregnant women experiencing changes to their birth plan, which can cause stress and uncertainty.
Having all the necessary information may help them feel in control and reduce anxiety.
Questions to ask a doctor include:
How may your office hours or accessibility change?
Are there online alternatives to antenatal classes where I can meet and talk to other pregnant women?
How can I ensure that I am safe when visiting my doctor's office or going to the hospital?
How can I expect COVID-19 concerns at the hospital to affect my delivery?
Will there be changes in terms of the medications that I may receive or the number of people present in the delivery room?
A woman can also ask her doctor about any area-specific or condition-specific changes.
Pregnant women may feel additional stress, anxiety, or depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. But even if they are self-isolating, they do not have to face these problems alone.
It is best for pregnant women to focus on the elements that they can control, including self-care and physical distancing.
Keeping in regular contact with a doctor or midwife can also help alleviate worries about health and the birth.
For live updates on the latest developments regarding the novel coronavirus and COVID-19, click here.
Last medically reviewed on April 8, 2020
Flu / Cold / SARS
Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses
Pregnancy / Obstetrics
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Home News Pain control: "no evidence" cannabis improves outcomes
Pain control: "no evidence" cannabis improves outcomes
1 year ago by admin 0
Study throws into doubt claims for medical marijuana. Paul Biegler reports.
Depending on who you listen to, medical cannabis is either a rising star in the world of therapeutics or an over-vaunted pariah that should never have exited the grubby world of the illicit street corner deal.
In October 2016, the Australian federal government legalised medicinal cannabis, paving the way for individual statesto legislate its use for a range of conditions including intractable epilepsy, pain and nausea in cancer, and limb spasticity in multiple sclerosis.
Sensing opportunity, a number of companies are jostling for early position in what is estimated to be a 100 million dollar a year medical cannabis market. A recent exposé by current affairs programme Four Corners called it a "green rush", replete with "marijuana moguls".
The science, however, is decidedly patchy, plagued by poor quality studies and the challenge of giving standard doses of a drug with over 400 chemical ingredients – 60 of which are the cannabinoids implicated in pain relief, and others having opposing effects.
One recent review found "reasonable evidence" of benefit for nausea in chemotherapy. Another in children and adolescents found "increasing evidence of benefit for epilepsy", but insufficient evidence to support use for spasticity and neuropathic pain, a burning sensation caused by oversensitive nerves.
A new study, led by Gabrielle Campbell from the Australia's National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC) at the University of New South Wales in Sydney is unlikely to induce cheer in either stockholders of medical cannabis companies, or patients desperate for relief.
Published in the journal Lancet Public Health, the research examined cannabis use over four years in a nationwide cohort of 1514 Australian adults with chronic non-cancer pain. Most had back or neck pain, neuropathic pain, or arthritis, and the median duration was 10 years. All were using some form of opioid drug, such as oxycodone or morphine, to control symptoms.
The researchers tracked cannabis use with interviews and self-report questionnaires, categorising participants as non-users, infrequent users, or daily/near-daily users.
The results were underwhelming.
At the four year mark, just under a quarter had used cannabis as a painkiller. Those who did, however, reported more severe pain and greater disruption to their daily lives. Users also clocked higher anxiety and were less likely to think they could carry on in spite of pain.
Further, the researchers found cannabis use bore no relation in time with changes in pain scores or level of functioning. Nor did cannabis lead to reduced dosage or discontinuation of opioid drugs.
"Cannabis use was common in people with chronic non-cancer pain who had been prescribed opioids, but we found no evidence that cannabis use improved patient outcomes," the authors concluded.
The researchers did, however, find something perplexing. Cannabis users often felt better, and on average rated the drug seven out of 10 effective, despite a lack of objective improvement in their reported pain scores.
"It is really difficult to disentangle the reasons for this," says Campbell. "One hypothesis is that it may improve sleep and subjective wellbeing."
It's worth noting the study took place mostly before medical cannabis was legalised, so the drug was often obtained illicitly and smoked. This potentially limits the relevance of findings for medical cannabis.
"Some of the medicinal formulations have higher concentrations of CBD [cannabidiol] … and also they may have higher doses or higher quality," says Michael Farrell, director of NDARC and a co-investigator on the study.
Nonetheless, the negative findings raise questions about the pace of legislation to increase access to medical cannabis.
"We think that the Therapeutic Goods Administration has taken a balanced approach and it is important to try and promote access for those who feel it is important for them, but to continue to keep a careful eye on it and look at the evidence," says Farrell.
"What is important here is that we try to moderate expectations people have around handling pain."
To read more visit: https://cosmosmagazine.com/biology/pain-control-no-evidence-cannabis-improves-outcomes
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I Prize Sustainable Healthy Living.
Patrick La Cotera joins XPRIZE with more than 10 years of experience in marketing and promotions across an array of industries, from the music industry to experiential marketing for major consumer brands. Patrick's event production and promotion background will further support enhanced Brand representation and engagement efforts for XPRIZE events and programs.
Prior to joining XPRIZE, Patrick managed radio and event promotion efforts for many major recording artists under the Universal Music umbrella for Interscope, Geffen and A&M records. Patrick has produced several marketing events, with success in brand activation and brand integrity for major consumer brands such as Verizon Wireless, BlackBerry and the Heineken portfolio. Over the past 5 years Patrick has been a constant fixture in support of the integration of music and science, by way of contributing to the overall successful production of The Natural History Museum's annual event, First Fridays.
Mr. La Cotera earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in Communications with a Minor is Business at Loyola Marymount University.


To create a dataguard config, it can be done in two step, preparing the primary database, and then preparing the secondary database.
To create this standby database for oracle Dataguard, I will follow what was indicated on this webpage, it is our reference guide, but there was some unclear point on this webpage.
All the following step needs to be done on the primary database, I will let you known when the work is done on primary database, and we needs some works on the secondary database.
To get your database in archive log, you can follow the steps on this webpage. I show you how to do that ! Very simple !
We now have to set some parameter, this can be set in a file that oracle will read up at startup time.
This file is created with the setting already set in your spfile, it contains some settings, but there is still some missing parameter for us!
Almost all settings that needs to be set, will be in this file.
If you want more information about this pfile and spfile, let's take a look at external links section of this webpage.
Really important is that DB_UNIQUE_NAME is different on each database running the dataguard.
So, don't forget to first create the directory where you want to place your arch file !
This is for a local directory, each arch file created by the database, will be put in this directory.
But we have also to transmit these arch files to the other server (secondary database), like that the database will be synchronize.
has to be set to the connect descriptor that are within the file "tnsname.ora", see this section to configure it properly !
as DB_UNIQUE_NAME for my secondary database when we will prepare settings for secondary database.
will enable trasnmitting arch file to the other server where the secondary database is.
in your primary database (in case of the primary will be become a secondary database after a switch over ) and your secondary database.
I'll remember you that it needs to be done when we will configure the secondary database.
Oracle will create each arch file with a default unix name for each file created. We can change that to meet our expectation.
Each arch file created will have the name formatted with this parameter.
And don't forget that the arch file created and formatted with this parameter will be put in the directory specified by parameter LOCATION of LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 of this section.
There is two important settings that needs to be done, to be able to contact the remote database, transmit the arch file and apply them to the remote database.
If you still don't set any connect descriptor, please follow instruction of this section.
the fal_client is to be set to the actual db , primary db, but needs to be test before, with a switch-over by instance.
There is still some parameter that needs to be set before using dataguard.
As each database as a unique name, before applying any arch file, we have to tell to oracle, that he needs to change the name of unique name to the one where he apply the arch file. As you might guess, this settings will only be valid on the database that will receive the arch files, so on secondary database, but he also needs to be set on the primary database, in case a switch occur, and hence the primary database will become a secondary database!
will convert the db unique name from the primary db to the secondary db. This example is taken from the primary db.
We now have to re-start the database to take into account the settings that we did !
So, shutdown your db, and start it up again with the new pfile created !
Then, create your oracle password file authentification, see external links on how to do that !
As primary database have to transmit something to the standby database, each database must be able to reach the other !
In this file, you have to tell to oracle, how he can reach the other database.
As you can see on the last line, the command completed successfully and so your listener is running properly !
Don't worry, as it say on last line, it was already up !
indicated us that we can reach the database with the connect descriptor that we provided.
So, let's edit this file to be able to get an answer from an other server where our database is.
and you will see +/- the same ouput as to test the connection on the local database.
Voilà, if all the settings are properly set, the configuration on our primary database is now done ! You only have to set it now for secondary database, and if you already understand what you did on primary database, it will be really simple, as it is almost the same with some modification !
lsnrctl services, and we have to see the db_unique_name that correspond to the service name of the other host.
You have to do that command when your database is in mount mode and not in open or shutdown mode.
This means that you need to re-create your redo logfile on the database where you get the message! Don't forget that these redo-logfile have to be the same as on the other database !
Check that the size is the same as the one on the other database, check against the redo log !
Create as much group as there are redo log group on the other database !
will be probably the most simple ! like that you won't have to transfer the files.
So, we will try to copy all the database with simple copy !
create the standby datatafile, move the std-controlfile on the old control file !
Adata the tnsname to reach the other db.
copy the std control file from primary db over the old one !
create the spfile from the pfile adapted !
create the password file on the primary and standby database.
And then you can finally check if dataguard is properly running with this link.
For any question, send an e-mail or post a thread in the forum !


text:
Remarks by the President
To Military Personnel
Travis Air Force Base
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you all very much. I appreciate such a warm welcome. I'm about to cross the Pacific on my favorite Air Force airplane. (Applause.) And there's really only one place to leave from -- that's called the Gateway to the Pacific. (Applause.) Thank you for your hospitality. I can't tell you how proud I am to be with the men and women who wear the uniform of the great United States of America. (Applause.)
I want to thank the Air Force and the Army and the Navy troops who are here. I'm also proud to be with the husbands and wives and sons and daughters -- (applause.) And to the families of those of you whose mom or dad or husband or wife have been deployed, I want you to know that they're on a noble mission. The cause is just, and we will win. (Applause.)
I want to thank "Lone Star" Lefforge for the introduction. (Applause.) My fellow Texan. (Applause.) There may be a few other Texans here, as well. (Applause.) I want to thank General Becker and Colonel Rubeor, as well, for your hospitality. Thank you, Colonel. Thank you, General, very much.
And I want to thank the Air Force Band of the Golden West. Thank you all for your entertainment. (Applause.) I want to thank the state and local officials who have come today. I'm honored that you took time out of your day.
The planes to the left and right of where we stand here represent the unmatched air power of the United States. (Applause.) But that's not our real strength. Our real strength are the people who fly them, and who maintain them, the people who make the military go. (Applause.) The real strength of this proud nation are the men and women who wear the uniform. That's the real strength of this country. (Applause.)
You're among the first to be deployed in America's new war against terror and against evil, and I want you to know, America is proud -- proud of your deeds, proud of your talents, proud of your service to our country.
I'm told that one of the pilots here, a fellow named Randy, was asked if anyone at Travis had personal connections to any of the victims of the attacks on September the 11th. And here's what he said: I think we all do; they're all Americans. (Applause.) When you strike one American, you strike us all. (Applause.)
The victims of September 11th were innocent, and this nation will never forget them. The men and women who murdered them were instruments of evil, and they have died in vain. This nation is strong. This nation is united. This nation is resolved. This nation will defeat terror wherever we find it across the globe. (Applause.)
And not only will we find the terrorists, we will enforce the doctrine that says if you harbor a terrorist, you're a terrorist. (Applause.) If you feed a terrorist, if you fund a terrorist, you're a terrorist. And this great, proud nation of free men and women will hold you just as responsible for the actions that take place on American soil. (Applause.)
And that's what's happening in Afghanistan. I gave the people in Afghanistan a choice. I said to the Taliban, turn them over, destroy the camps, free people you're unjustly holding. I said, you've got time to do it. But they didn't listen. They didn't respond, and now they're paying a price. (Applause.) They are learning that anyone who strikes America will hear from our military, and they're not going to like what they hear. (Applause.) In choosing their enemy, the evildoers and those who harbor them have chosen their fate.
We don't quarrel with the innocent folks of Afghanistan; they're not our enemy. Nor is any religion the enemy of the United States of America. The evil ones have tried to hijack a religion to justify their murder. But I want to assure the people of the world that our military fights not against Muslims or fights not against the Islam religion; we fight against evil people. We fight against people who believe that they can harm the United States of America. We fight against people who have no country, no ideology; they're motivated by hate.
And make no mistake about it; this great nation will do what it takes to win. We are determined. We are patient. We are steadfast. We are resolved. We will not tire and we will not fail. (Applause.)
And we're making progress. We're making progress. The terrorist camps are being destroyed. The enemy's air force and air defenses are being demolished. We're paving the way for friendly troops on the ground to slowly, but surely, tighten the net to bring them to justice.
I can't tell you how proud as Commander-in-Chief I am to know that we've got a great United States military backing our nation. (Applause.) A Commander-in-Chief must know he can count on the skill and resolve of our military. And from Secretary Rumsfeld to General Myers to the good troops of this base, I have all the confidence in the world that our military will fulfill its mission. (Applause.)
And you must have confidence in this, my commitment: that for the mission that lies ahead, our military, the men and women who wear our uniform, will have everything you need to win -- (applause) -- every resource, every weapon, every means to assure full victory for the United States and our allies and our friends in the cause of freedom. (Applause.)
There is no question that we're inflicting pain upon the Taliban government. There is also no question that we're a compassionate nation; at the same time we do so, we're dropping airlifts of food and medicine, so the innocent citizens of that country can survive the brutal winter.
As I walked up, I saw some of the schoolchildren here holding dollar bills. We've got schoolchildren all across the country out raising a dollar to send to the children of Afghanistan. We've got boys and girls from all religions and all walks of life who have heard the call to love a neighbor just as they'd like to be loved themselves.
The evildoers have struck our nation, but out of evil comes good. We are a good, kind-hearted, decent people, and we're showing the world just that in our compassion and our resolve. (Applause.)
And one thing I fully understand is that when American forces answer the call of duty, they count on their families for support and encouragement. Every deployment brings uncertainty and, I know, every deployment brings worry and concern. Our military is made up of brave men and women, and brave families, as well.
Recently, a four-year-old son of a cargo specialist said good-bye to his Dad here at Travis. And according to his Mom, the boy has been telling the neighbors that "Daddy is saving the world." (Applause.)
The boy is right. The boy is right. The future of the world is at stake. Freedom is at stake. But I want to tell that boy his Daddy has got plenty of help. There are a lot of people like his Daddy fighting this war. We fight it overseas and we fight it at home, as well.
We must be steadfast. We must be resolved. We must not let the terrorists cause our nation to stop traveling, to stop buying, to stop living ordinary lives. We can be alert and we will be alert, but we must show them that they cannot terrorize the greatest nation on the face of the Earth. And we won't. We will not be terrorized, we will not be cowed.
We've got a homeland security that's strong. I want to tell the moms and dads here that we're doing everything we can to find them and disrupt them and stop them, if they happen to try to strike on American soil. We're strong at home. We're active at home. But make no mistake about it; the best homeland defense is to find them and bring them to justice -- and that's exactly what our nation will do. (Applause.)
Now that they got the plane fueled up, I'm heading over to China. Of course, we'll talk about economics and trade. But the main thing that will be on my mind is to continue to rally the world against terrorists; is to remind people that it happened to us, sure, but it could happen to them, as well; is to remind them that evil knows no borders, no boundaries, and to remind them that we must take a stand; that those of us who have been given the responsibility of high office must not shirk from our duty; that now is the time to claim freedom for future generations.
The people have struck us. They've tested our mettle and tested our character. But they are going to find that this nation understands we've reached a pivotal moment in history, where we will plant our flag on the ground -- a flag that stands for freedom -- and say to anybody who wants to harm us or our friends or allies, you will pay a serious price, because we're a nation that is strong and resolved and united. (Applause.)
You all are here to serve your country, and your country is grateful. You have confidence in America. But make no mistake about it; America has confidence in you.
Thank you all for such a warm greeting. May God bless -- (applause) -- may God bless the men and women who wear our uniform. May God protect this great land. And may God bless America. Thank you all very much. (Applause.)
/news/releases/2001/10/text/20011017-16.html


text:
Jonathan Vernon
Filter: jay cross
Skip Reflections on e-Learning
The scope is broad, though the focus here is on e-learning; its potential, practice and problems - with an angle on creativity (writing, advertising and TV, fine art, design), health care (chronic illness: asthma awareness), history (First World War), sport (swimming teaching and coaching), creative problem solving, employability, applied 'learning and development' (L&D) and because I am a Green Party member and elected councillor: sustainability and the environment.
Started on 6th Feb 2010 this blog now covers seven Master of Arts Open and Distance Education (MAODE) modules and runs to over 5,000 posts. Over the four years of studying for an MA ODE I completed: H807, H800, H808, B822 and H810. After graduation, I then took H809 and H818 as Continual Professional Development (CPD). B822 is the memorable Open University Business School module 'Creativity, Innovation and Change'.
In May 2015 I became the Digital Editor at The Western Front Association and from 2015 to 2018 I completed an MA in British History and the First World War at the Universities of Birmingham and then Wolverhampton.
Since graduating with the MA ODE I have taken a further 18 MOOCs, largely with FutureLearn and Coursera. I am a mentor on Coursera's 'Learning How to Learn' and 'Photography' courses. In March 2016 I attend the Coursera 'Partner's Conference'.
I became a Learning Technologist at Greater Brighton MET in March 2018, gained Level 1 & 2 Google Educator Certification in 2020. I have come proficient on education platforms such as Planet eStream and ThingLink and tools such as Google Meet, Screencastify and WordPress.
In 2020 I started a PGCE at the University of Brighton which I will take part-time and complete in 2022. The previous study in the subject is providing an invaluable theoretical background and understanding of online learning.
I have 18 years swim teaching and coaching experience. I am a Level II qualified Swim England Swimming Teacher and Coach and seeking to gain my 'Senior Club Coach' Level III certification. I also find time to sail - crossing the Atlantic via Cape Verde in 2015 and skiing.
If the above doesn't occupy me enough already enjoy life drawing and singing Bowie songs while playing the guitar.
External Blogs: www.mindbursts.com, www.swimcoach.blog.
Twitter @ JJ27VV.
YouTube: Jonathan Vernon
Linkedin: Jonathan Vernon. Active in numerous e-learning and other groups.
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The Gutenberg Galaxy
Saturday, 9 Feb 2013, 19:21
Edited by Jonathan Vernon, Sunday, 10 Feb 2013, 20:03
Reading this as it is name dropped so often. Stripping it bare and re-interpretting it for 2013.
'I don't know what I mean until I have heard myself say it', said Irish author and satirist Jonathan Swift
Conversation plays a crucial element of socialised learning.
Courtesy of a Google Hangout we can record and share such interactions such as in this conversation on and around 'personal knowledge management'.
Here we can both see and hear why the spoken word is so important. Trying to understand the historical nature of this, how and when the written word, or other symbols began to impinge on the spoken word requires investigating the earliest forms of the written word and trying to extrapolate the evidence of this important oral tradition, the impact it had on society and the transition that occurred, after all, it is this transition that fascinates us today as we embrace the Internet.
Humans have been around for between 100,000 and 200,000 years.
(Encyclopedia Britannica). There are pigments and cave painting have been found that are 350,000 years old. (Barham 2013), while here are cave paintings as old as 40,000 years (New Scientist).
Stone Age man's first forays into art were taking place at the same time as the development of more efficient hunting equipment, including tools that combined both wooden handles and stone implements. (BBC, 2012).
Art and technology therefore go hand in hand - implying that the new tools of the Internet will spawn flourishing new wave of creation, which I believe to be the case. This era will be as remarkable for the development of the Web into every aspect of our lives as it will be for a epoch identifying renaissance - a new way of seeing things.
We've been seeking ways to communicate beyond the transience of the spoken word for millennia.
McLuhan takes us to the spoken word memorised in song and poetry (Lord, 1960 p. 3) while a contemporary writer, Viktor Mayer-Schonbeger, (2009. p. 25) also talks about how rhyme and meter facilitated remembering. McLuhan draws on 1950s scholarship on Shakespeare and asks us to understand that Lear tells us of shifting political views in the Tudor era as a consequence of a burgeoning mechanical age and the growth of print publishing. (Cruttwell, 1955)
McLuhan suggests that the left-wing Machiavellianism in Lear who submits to 'a darker purpose' to subdivide of his kingdom is indicative of how society say itself developing at a time of change in Tudor times.
Was Shakespeare clairvoyant?
Did audiences hang on his words as other generations harken the thoughts of H G Wells, Aldouz Huxley, George Orwell and Karl Popper, perhaps as we do with the likes Alan de Bouton and Malcolm Gladwell?
'The Word as spoken or sung, together with a visual image of the speaker or singer, has meanwhile been regaining its hold through electrical engineering'. xii. Wrote Prof. Harry Levin to the preface of The Singer of Tales.
Was a revolution caused by the development of and use of the phonetic alphabet?
Or from the use of barter to the use of money? Was the 'technological revolution' of which McLuhan speaks quoting Peter Drucker, the product of a change in society or did society change because of the 'technological revolution'? (Drucker, 1961) Was it ever a revolution?
We need to be careful in our choice of words - a development in the way cave paintings are done may be called a 'revolution' but something that took thousands of years to come about is hardly that.
Similarly periods in modern history are rarely so revolutionary when we stand back and plot the diffusion of an innovation (Rogers, 2005) which Rogers defines as "an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption. (Rogers, 2005. p. 12). To my thinking, 'diffusion' appears to be a better way to consider what has been occurring over the last few decades in relation to 'technology enhanced communications', the Internet and the World Wide Web. But to my ears 'diffusion' sounds like 'transfusion' or 'infusion' - something that melts into the fabric of our existence.
If we think of society as a complex tapestry of interwoven systems then the Web is a phenomenon that has been absorbed into what already exists - this sounds like an evolving process rather than any revolution. In context of course, this is a 'revolution' that is only apparent as such by those who have lived through the change; just as baby boomers grew up with television and may not relate to the perspective that McLuhan gives it and those born in the last decade or so take mobile phones and the Internet as part of their reality with no sense of what came before.
Clay tablets, papyri and the printing press evolved. We are often surprised at just how long the transition took.
To use socio-political terms that evoke conflict and battle is a mistake. Neither the printing press, nor radio, nor television, nor the Internet have been 'revolutions' with events to spark them akin to the storming of the Bastille in 1789 or the February Revolution in Russia in 1917 - they have been evolutionary. Are we living in 'two forms of contrasted forms of society and experience' as Marshall McLuhan suggested occurred in the Elizabethan Age between the typographical and the mechanical ages? Then occurred between in the 1960s between the industrial and electrical ages? 'Rendering individualism obsolete'. (McLuhan 1962. p. 1)
Individualism requires definition. Did it come with the universal adult suffrage?
Was it bestowed on people, or is it a personality trait? Are we not all at some point alone and individual, as well as part of a family, community or wider culture and society? We are surely both a part and part of humanity at the same time? Edward Hall (1959), tells us that 'all man–made material things can be treated asextensions of what man once did with his body or some specialized part of his body.
The Internet can therefore become and is already an extension of our minds.
A diarist since 1975 I have blogged since 1999 and have put portions of the handwritten diary online too - tagging it so that it can be searched by theme and incident, often charting my progress through subjects as diverse as English Literature, British History, Geography, Anthropology and Remote Sensing from Space, Sports Coaching (swimming, water-polo and sailing). This aide memoire has a new level of sophistication when I can refer to and even read text books I had to use in my teens. It is an extension of my mind as the moments I write about are from my personal experience - there is already a record in my mind. What is the Internet doing to society?
What role has it played in the 'Arab Spring'?
McLuhan considered the work of Karl Popper on the detribalization of Greece in the ancient world). Was an oral tradition manifesting itself in the written word the cause of conflict between Athens and Sparta? McLuhan talks of 'the Open Society' in the era of television the way we do with the Internet. We talked about the 'Global Village' in the 1980s and 1990s so what do we have now? Karl Popper developed an idea that from closed societies (1965) through speech, drum and ear we came to our open societies functioning by way of abstract relations such as exchange or co–operation. – to the entire human family into a single global tribe.
The Global kitchen counter (where I work, on my feet, all day), or the global 'desk' if we are sharing from a workspace …
or even the 'global pocket' when I think of how an Open University Business School MBA student described doing an MBA using an iPad and a smartphone as a 'university in my pocket'. You join a webinar or Google Hangout and find yourself in another person's kitchen, study or even their bed. (Enjoying one such hangout with a group of postgraduate students of the Open University's Masters in Open and Distance Education - MAODE - we agreed for one session to treat it as a pyjama party. Odd, but representative of the age we live in - fellow students were joining from the UK, Germany, Thailand and the United Arab Emirates). I have been part of such a group with people in New Zealand and California - with people half asleep because it is either very late at night, or very early in the morning.
McLuhan (1965. p. 7) concludes that the 'open society' was affected by phonetic literacy ...
... and is now threatened with eradication by electric media. Writing fifty years ago is it not time we re-appraised McLuhan's work and put it in context. We need to take his thesis of its pedestal. Whilst it drew attention at the time it is wrong to suggest that what he had to say in relation to the mass media (radio and TV) if even correct then, others insight in the era of the Internet. This process of creating an open society has a far broader brief and with a far finer grain today - , the TV of the sitting room viewed by a family, is now a smart device in your pocket that goes with you to the lavatory, to bed, as you commute between work and in coffee and lunch breaks.
It will soon be wearable, not only always on, but always attached as goggles, glasses, ear-piece, strap or badge. If 'technology extended senses' McLuhan, 1965. p.8 then the technology we hold, pocket and wear today, are a prosthesis to our senses and to the manner in which the product of these senses is stored, labelled, interpreted, shared, re-lived, and reflected upon.
If Mercators maps and cartography altered 16th century mentality what do Google Maps and Street View do for ours?
Did the world of sound gives way to the world of vision? (McLuhan, 1965 p.19). What could we learn from anthropologists who looked at non–literate natives with literate natives, the non–literate man with the Western man. Synchronous conversation online is bringing us back to the power and value of the spoken word - even if it can be recorded, visualised with video and transcripted to form text. The power, nuance and understanding from an interchange is clear.
Barham, L (2013) From Hand to Handle: The First Industrial Revolution
Carpenter, E and H M McLuhan (19xx) 'Explorations in communications'. Acoustic Space
Cruttwell, P (1955) The Shakespearean Moment (New York; Columbia) New York. Random House.
Hall, E.T. (1959) The Silent Langauge Lord, A.A. (1960) The Singer of the Tales (Cambridge. M.A. Harvard University Press)
Drucker, Peter F. "The technological revolution: notes on the relationship of technology, science, and culture." Technology and Culture 2.4 (1961): 342-351.
Mayer-Schönberger, V (2009) Delete: The Virtue of Forgetting in the Digital Age
Popper, K. (1945) The Open Society and Its Enemies, Volume One. Routledge (1945, reprint 2006)
Rogers, E.E. (1962) The Diffusion of Innovations.
Tags: harold jarache, learning, language, jonathan swift, rogers, conversation, marshall mcluhan, jay cross, google hangout, gutenberg galaxy, macluhan, karl popperl cruttwell, carpenter, the gutenberg galaxy, diffusion of innovations
When it comes to e-learning how do you see yourself? Learning Designer, Writer, Architect?
Tuesday, 27 Nov 2012, 10:47
Edited by Jonathan Vernon, Friday, 14 Feb 2014, 10:38
Fig.1. Building Construction W B McKay 1943
Are you the learning architect or the learning builder?
It is flattering to the group from Learning & Development that they can be likened to architects. Whilst many will have a degree, some don't - whilst some may have a post graduate qualification, very few do. None I'm sure will have spent six or seven years in formal study that has lead to recognition by the Royal College of E-Learning Designers - there is no such professional qualification, nor is there any period of formal study, a mix of studio work and academic research, that leads to a qualification of this calibre.
The exceptions are those with first degrees and MBAs and at the pinnacle of this discussion, Christopher Alexander who has first and second degrees from Cambridge and a PhD in architecture from Harvard.
Many in academia have the second degree and PhD - but they generally lack the experience designing learning outside undergraduate and postgraduate tertiary education, which is quite a diffderent beast to the short courses and continual professional development desired in the workplace.
If I were to take the building trade by way of an analogy I would say that the learning and development manager is the client - while the architect is an agent or agency that you hire in for their design expertise and knowledge of foremen and project managers, builders and electrcians - the project leaders, programmers and art directos of e-learning creation.
The L&D manager may be a subject matter expert but is far more likely to draw upon expertise from within their organisation.
Which of the following made the biggest contribution to your learning when you first set out in your current career asked Clive Shepherd?
Fig.2. What has contributed most to your learning?
This depends of course on when a person knew they were set on a career path.
How many people come into Learning & Development (L&D) having decided on this path as an undergraduate?
As a graduate trainee I expected a mix of on the job and formal training - this mix turned out to be around 95% to 5% while contemporaries elsewhere were getting 50/50 of none at all. This is the formal way of graduate training and can last two or three years. Think of lawyers (barristers and trainee solicitors), accounts, bankers and teachers ... doctors, dentists, vets and architects.
Clive Shepherd who recently gave an insightful presentation on The New Learning Architect says he got the idea of the new learning architect at presentation gave by Jay Cross on informal learning.
Away from the presentation I like to click around as for me to understand a concept it helps to perceive its inception.
In turn, if you check the references for Jay Cross's 2006 'Informal Learning: Rediscovering the Natural Pathways that Inspire Innovation and Performance' you'll find where his ideas may have came from - Robert A Heinlein (1961) 'Strangers in a Strange Land' and R Nelson Bolles (2005) 'What Color's Your Parachute' are there along with John Seely Brown (2005) 'The Only Sustainable Edge'.
There are some inspirational ideas and link here:
Jay Cross : Important Stuff
Workflow learning ties learning into the actual workflow within an organisation. According to Jay Cross it takes us to support and on-demand services that are designed to exist within the real tasks we do in our everyday work.Out of this work on workflow learning came an even wider, and what he regards as more important set of reflections.
Fig.3. Zoom.It History of Corporate Education.
This timelines the history of corporate and executive training. It is like a touch-screen and zoome control all in one. The Bayeux Tapestry in digital form (now there's an idea over 900 years old). I spotted a typo - you'll find it says something about 'Toyota: Clean Production' rather than Lean Production. We should consider the content in other ways - I know a PLC that set up an internal 'university' in the mid 1970s - or maybe they called in a training centre. Same difference?
If Clive Shepherd got his idea of the learning architect from Jay Cross I imagine Jay Cross in turn got the idea from a Christopher Alexander.
Christopher Alexander's Notes on the Synthesis of Form was required reading for researchers in computer science throughout the 1960s. It had an influence in the 1960s and 1970s on programming language design, modular programming, object-oriented programming, software engineering and other design methodologies. He is cited through-out the Open University's Masters in Open and Distance Education (MAODE) as an originator of design practice that was applied to computer design and therefore could be applied to e-learning design.
Here's the education of someone who can rightfully call themselves an architect and do so in the context of learning, even of e-learning.
In 1954, Christopher Alexander was awarded the top open scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge University in chemistry and physics, and went on to read mathematics. He earned a Bachelor's degree in Architecture and a Master's degree in Mathematics. He took his doctorate at Harvard (the first Ph.D. in Architecture ever awarded at Harvard University), and was elected fellow at Harvard. During the same period he worked at MIT in transportation theory and in computer science, and worked at Harvard in cognition and cognitive studies.
Fig.4. The Timeless Way of Building
'The Timeless Way of Building' proposes a new theory of architecture (and design in general) that relies on the understanding and configuration of design patterns.It is these design patterns that came to the attention of creators of e-learning modules in the 21st century, the idea that designs for subjects or cohorts might be replicated and shared across the online learning community so that you might say a fits an undergraduate arts course, while b is the model for a health & safety module in industry, c gives you language learning in primary school while d offers an elective in urology to 4th year medical students.
To become an architect requires a considerable commitment.
Take the three year undergraduate course in architecture at the University of Cambridge
Entry Requirements: A* AA : Likely to include Maths and Art or History of Art.
Students may stay on at Cambridge to complete an MPhil at RSA exams to qualify in six years (this includes a year in a placement)
'The three year BA(Hons) course is unusual in the University in combining both arts and sciences. As such it provides a unique range of skills which lead to a wide range of careers, not just architecture'.
Throughout the BA tripos studio work carries 60% of the marks.
The remaining 40% is made up from exams and other forms of coursework (dissertations, etc). Studiowork in all years is handed in for marking at the end of the year. Studiowork is time-consuming and probably requires more hours per week than any other course in the University. Students are also expected to work during the Christmas and Easter vacations.
I labour this point because as someone who has gone from corporate communications and video based training to computer based training and e-learning I would never liken myself to a cardiologist, even a qualified lawyer or certified accountant, let alone an architect. An educator perhaps, but I don't have a formal teaching qualificaiton, only sports coaching and the MAODE when I graduate early next year.
Fig. 5. BRICKS - Building Construction W B McKay 1943
Several other analogies have been used in the e-learning literature, some that still have a building or architecture theme to them.
What we get here is learning design broken down to brick sized components, some call them 'interactivities' (a term I often here working in a design agency). I find the idea of atoms in a chemical reaction (Wiley, 2001) too small, even if we are dealing with binary code it isn't something that we see anymore. Gilly Salmon (2002) would have liked 'e-tivities' to catch on - she puts these in a logical sequence, building blocks towards a module. At the Open University they tend to be called 'Learning Objects'. Chris Pegler (2004) finds this too static and unresponsive preferring if we go with the Lego analogy, or Technics. Littlejohn et al (2008) describe these components as:
Digital assets - a single item, image, video or podcast or an nformation objects: a structured aggregation of digital assets designed purely to present information.
Learning activities -tasks involving interactions with information to attain a specific learning outcome.
Learning design - structured sequences of information and learning activities to promote learning.
For pure aspiration I like the digital architect as a goal for an undergraduate setting out on a long course of formal and applied study. L&D directors and managers approach an e-learnign agency as they would a firm of architects and together they write a brief. This is propoposed, scheduled and costed then a scheme of work begins.
The delivery, depending on the scale of it, might be akin to anything from a brick arcade (health and safety induction to leisure staff) to a bungalow to a housing estate (induction of trainee solicitors in an national firm of solictors), an office block or a factory (long term management development for an international engineering business).
Alexander, C (1970) The Timeless Way of Buidling
Cross, J (2006) The Informal Learner
Downes, S (2000) Learning Objects. Available from http://www.newstrolls.com/news/dev/downes/col;umn000523_1.htm
Littlejohn, Falconer, Mcgill (2008) Characterising effective eLearning (sic) resources
Pegler, C and Littlejohn, A (2004) Preparing for Blended e-Learning, Routledge.
Salmon, G (2002) E-tivities
Shepherd, C (2011) The New Learning Architext
Wiley, D.A. (2000) Connecting Learning Objects to instructional design theory: a definition, a metaphor, and a taxonomy. In D.A. Wiley (ed), The instructional use of Learning Objects. Available from http://reusability.org/read/chapters/wiley.doc
Tags: new learning architect, mmb, learning, e-learning, learning design, building, architect, pegler, downes, salmon, lego, maode, clive shepherd, technics, steve rayson, wiley, christopher alexander, jay cross


text:
Q: str object has no attribute str I am trying to implement a function which does the following:

*

*Iterates through a column - df['input_str'] which contains strings such as 'disvt', disr5', 'disvt_r1', 'disr5/r6'

*If a string contains the pattern, then using .extract(), extract the pattern and append it to a list.

*If the list has no length, return 0.

*Otherwise connect the items in the list with _

The goal is to create a new column that contains the matches to the patterns provided, i.e vt, r5, vt_r1, r5/r6.
Input Dataframe
col1   col2  col3  col4   input_str
  a      .     .     .       disvt
  b      .     .     .       disr5
  c      .     .     .       disvt_r1
  d      .     .     .       disr5/r6

def parse_info(input_str):
    patterns = ["r\d{1}", "vt", "v\d{2}", "v\d{1}"]
    new_list = []
    for pattern in patterns:
        if input_str.contains(pattern):
            new_list.append(input_str.extract(pat=pattern, expand=False))
    if len(new_list) == 0:
        return np.nan
    else:
        return "_".join(new_list)

Applying the function to create a new column:
df["new_column"] = df.apply(
    lambda x: x(df["input_str"]), axis=1
)

Desired output:
input_str    new_column
disvt           vt
disr5           r5
disvt_r1        vt_r1
r5/r6           r5_r6

This returns the following error: `str' object has no attribute contains
When I change .contains to .str.contains() I now get 'str' object has no attribute 'str'
I am a bit stuck at this point and not sure the best way to resolve these problems.

A: EDIT (after updated question with input and expected output):
You can simply use str.extract(), but you need to fix your regex patterns. The key thing is to join the different patterns into a string separated by the or operator | and include inside of a capture group between two parentheses:
patterns = ["r\d{1}", "vt", "v\d{2}", "v\d{1}"]
df['new_column'] = df['input_str'].str.extract('(' + '|'.join(patterns) + ')')
df
Out[1]:
  col1 col2 col3 col4 input_str new_column
0    a    .    .    .     disvt         vt
1    b    .    .    .     disr5         r5
2    c    .    .    .  disvt_r1         vt
3    d    .    .    .  disr5/r6         r5

The method str.contains is only for a pandas.Series. You should use in for a normal string as follows:
if input_str in pattern:

instead of
if input_str.contains(pattern):

Likewise, the method str.extract is only for a pandas.Series. You can try re.match, re.findall, list comprehension or other alternatives that work on normal python strings.

A: Instead of creating a list of patterns, you can use a single pattern using str.findall and join the results using apply
Pattern:
v(?:t|\d{1,2})|r\d

Regex demo
For example
import pandas as pd

items= [
    "disvt",
    "disr5",
    "disvt_r1",
    "disr5/r6"
]

df = pd.DataFrame(items, columns=["input_str"])

df['new_column'] = df['input_str'].str.findall(r"v(?:t|\d{1,2})|r\d").apply('_'.join)
print(df)

Output
  input_str new_column
0     disvt         vt
1     disr5         r5
2  disvt_r1      vt_r1
3  disr5/r6      r5_r6

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Sheffield Girls' infant, junior and senior school
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Why Us? Welcome from the Head About Us Our History Academic Results Class Sizes Co-Curricular Activities and School Trips Charity and Community Activities What People Say About Us The Girls' Day School Trust School Governing Board Learning Support News Annual Magazine 3D Virtual Tour
Infants (Ages 4-6)
Infants (Ages 4-6) Welcome to the Infant School Infant School Curriculum Extra-Curricular Activities Beyond the School Day How to Apply
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Juniors (Ages 7 -11) Welcome to the Junior School Junior School Curriculum Extra curricular activities Beyond the School Day How to Apply
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Seniors (Ages 11-16) Welcome to the Senior School Senior School Curriculum Pre Senior Baccalaureate (PSB) Extra-Curricular Activities Pastoral Care Careers Education and Guidance Facilities Beyond the School Day GCSE Results How to Apply
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Sixth Form (Ages 16-18) Welcome to the Sixth Form A-Level Subjects Enrichment Activities Pastoral Care Extended Project Qualification University and Careers A-Level Results How to Apply
Alumnae Our Alumnae The Alumnae Network Get Involved The Bursary Fund Update Your Contact Details
Admissions Fees How to Apply Open Events Scholarships and Bursaries International Students School Uniform School Transport Term Dates Bookworms
Magic Makers at Sheffield Girls'
Last December, our school community focussed on Be A Magic Maker, spreading festive cheer and joy through events, activities and everyday kindness.
We held our Movement Evening at the Octagon for the first time in two years, and it proved to be a magical evening celebrating dance, trampolining and gymnastics from across the school. Over 120 students from Reception to Year 13 participated, showing off solos, group dances, trampoline tricks and leaping and tumbling across the floor. It was wonderful to see the students of different ages perform together once again. Our students and staff poured their heart and soul into this evening, and it really showed.
Choirs and readers from across the school performed at our annual whole school Carol Service at St Marie's Catholic Cathedral Church last week. It was delightful sharing the magic of the festive season with our school community and seeing so many of our parents and carers at this event.
Our Infant School put on their magical nativity show, 'Hey Ewe!', for parents and carers in the Junior Hall for the first time.
Finally, we all let our hair down at the Christmas Concert, which featured instrumental ensembles and choirs, and also provided the opportunity for all to join in during the sing-along numbers!
We also hosted and announced the winners of our Christmas card competition. The winning designs were by Thea in Year 5, who designed a bright and striking snowman, and Neelum in Year 11, who created a beautiful penguin with watercolours. Our Year 10 and Year 11 students have written wonderful messages within the cards, which were shared with members of the school community.
Girls across the entire school contributed to our winter food bank drive, donated to Hallam Mission Christmas, and local food banks.
A celebration of co-curricular activities during lockdown
As well as moving seamlessly to live lessons and guided home learning, we're thrilled to see so many of our pupils continuing, and exploring new, co-curricular activities. At the start of th…
A teacher's perspective of the move to guided home learning, by Sam Duffy.
Sam Duffy is a teacher of English in our Senior School and Regional Advocate for Litdrive South Yorkshire. Sam has written a fantastic piece to share her experience of moving to guided home …
A school update: keeping positive during lockdown at Sheffield Girls'
We may have temporarily closed our doors but we're not letting that get our spirits down here at Sheffield Girls'. Our move to guided home learning has been smoother than any of us could hav…
A magical day packed full of spellbinding fun for World Book Day 2020!
Pupils at Sheffield Girls' enjoyed a truly marvellous day in celebration of World Book Day 2020. Girls in the Infant and Junior Schools had a rather dramatic start to the day as they discove…
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text:
Handelsblatt: Romania and other states from the region ask IMF to a loan increase or forward slip. Romanian Governments announces it does not intend to ask for a loan increase
de Dragos Coache, transl/adapt. C.B. HotNews.ro
Vineri, 10 iulie 2009, 21:02 English | Regional Europe
Romania, together with more than 10 other states in the region, is discussing with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), regarding forward slips and bigger loans, according to the German daily Handelsblatt, quoted by Reuters.
Germen reporters quoted close IMF sources indicating that at least ten East European countries were presently discussing with the IMF. Romania, Ukraine, Serbia, Belarus and Latvia hope for a loan increase or forward slips, while Bulgaria, Croatia and Macedonia asked for IMF's help. The sources mentioned said the IMF backs the new agreements, given the situation in the region.
Romanian PM Emil Boc was quoted by Romanian press agency Mediafax to say that the Romanian Government was not looking to increase the contracted loan. But he will try to convince the international finance institutions that the investment sector needs additional financial resources.
"At the end of the month, on the 28th, we will discuss with the IMF and, besides the issues making the analysis agenda for the first semester, we will categorically have other proposals as well, in regards to the economic evolution and the increase in the volume of investments in infrastructure to stop the economic decline", minister of Public Finance Gheorghe Pogea added. He underlined the fact that the government's extraordinary session of Friday did not discuss a request in the funds' increase.
Croatioa and Bulgaria denied the information in Handelsblatt on Friday, according to Romanian press agency NewsIn quoting Reuters. "There are no discussions with the IMF" Bulgarian Finance minister spokeswoman. Biser Boev, considered to be the next Economy minister, said that the GERB party cannot start the IMF discussions without acceding to power first.
The Croatian Government spokeswoman said that she was not aware of any negotiations with the international institution.


Acupuncture is the precise application of fine needles into the soft tissue to treat the body in a much different way than a manual technique can. This technique allows practitioners to affect deeper structures in the body and have a much stronger effect on the nervous system and the surrounding musculature. Acupuncture has its roots through traditional Chinese medicine following highly researched Meridians.
Acupuncture is applied to decrease muscle tension and treat muscles that are inhibited (not contracting correctly). If a muscle is tight or inhibited, this can result in dysfunction in the surrounding area through incorrect muscle contraction and joint movement. Acupuncture focuses on decreasing tension, pain and dysfunction in the area being treated. It increases range of motion and "awakens" the nervous system to aid in better muscle contraction. Acupuncture is often a painless technique, however, some discomfort may be associated with certain insertion points and the patient may feel a dull ache in muscles, similarly to if they have just worked out the muscle.


azalea Regional Shopping Center is Los Angeles' newest destination for a great shopping and dining experience. With shops like Forever 21 and ULTA, and restaurants like TGI Fridays, In n Out, Habit, and Blaze Pizza to name a few, theyare sure to satisfy your needs for the latest trends in fashion or flavors to satisfy your hunger. azalea adds a unique stop to your social destinations, so follow us on Facebook and keep visiting our website for the latest news on upcoming events and specials.
South on N. Garfield Ave.
Right onto E. Union St.
Left onto Fair Oaks Ave.
1st left onto Fremont Ave.
Right onto W. Valley Blvd.


Working in linear color space + forward rendering, very high quality/high resolution presets selected where ever possible. All other settings default.
My question is, am I heading in the right direction in trying to solve this? Anything else I should be looking at/trying? My last bake took 4+ hours so any advice before I try another round of settings would be appreciated, have only been using Unity for a few days but have picked up a lot in a short time.
Specific to your issues: Lower your indirect resolution (2 should be okay), Increase your Lightmap resolution (maybe 200), decrease your lightmap padding (2 should be fine).


Greta Gerwig's adaptation of the Louisa May Alcott classic "Little Woman" has found a different Emma.
Emma Watson is joining the Sony project in a role that was initial intended for Emma Stone, after Stone was unable to board the project due to scheduling conflicts.
Watson, who starred in Disney's 2017 live-action adaptation of "Beauty and the Beast," one of the year's highest-grossing films, joins a loaded cast that includes "Lady Bird" stars Saoirse Ronan and Timothée Chalamet, as well as Meryl Streep, Laura Dern, Florence Pugh and James Norton.
"Little Women" follows teenage sisters Amy, Jo, Beth and Meg and their mother Marmee during Civil War-era Massachusetts and details the sisters' passage from childhood to womanhood as they navigate their new town, true love, and their first holiday without their pastor father.
It's not clear who will be playing what role yet.
Gerwig, who was nominated for best director and best original screenplay for last year's "Lady Bird," was initially brought on board to rewrite the script for the project, which has been in development a while at the studio. She will now also direct the film.
"Little Women" was last adapted to the screen in 1994 in an Oscar-nominated Gillian Armstrong film starring Winona Ryder, Claire Danes, Susan Sarandon and Christian Bale.
Amy Pascal is producing, along with Denise Di Novi and Robin Swicord. Andrea Giannetti will oversee the production for Columbia Pictures.
Watson is managed by Untitled Entertainment and repped by CAA.


text:
Q: Set the width of an element equal to monitor size WITHOUT varying on zoom I would like to set the width of an element as a relationship of the native resolution of the viewer's monitor.
I understand that CSS "width:100%;" exists, but I am not happy with the way that method deforms layout, or may behave in a frustrating manner for viewers who want to zoom in/out.
Instead, I'd like to be able to have an element behave like "width:100%" only at zoom=100%. Is this possible (with CSS or Javascript)?

A: vw and vh are the units which you need to use. viewport (monitor of the user) is measured using vw and vh. (viewport width and viewport height respectively.)
1vw = 1% of Viewport width
vh is the behaving same. 100vh is same as 100% of viewport height.
100vw and 100vh are same to the full monitor width and height.


text:
El Parque nacional de Ream es un área protegida en el sur del país asiático de Camboya situada a 18 km de Sihanoukville. Fue establecido en 1995, cuando el gobierno de Camboya comenzó a tomar medidas para proteger muchas de sus áreas amenazadas. Abarca un total de 210 km²: 150 km² de ecosistemas terrestres y 60 km² de hábitats marinos. El parque nacional contiene playas, manglares, selvas tropicales y más de 150 especies de aves, y es bien conocido por su población de monos. Koh Ses es un isla deshabitada que está situada en el extremo sureste del parque.

En febrero de 2012, existían trabajos de construcción de carreteras que pasan por el extremo sur-oriental del parque con el fin de crear un centro turístico "pequeño".

Véase también
Geografía de Camboya
Geografía de Asia

Referencias

Ream
Áreas protegidas establecidas en 1995
Camboya en 1995

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Roslyn How to Compare Tokens I wrote a function to check if a variable has been assigned to but I can't figure out how I should compare the nodes:
    private static bool IsAssignment(SyntaxNode node)
    {
        if (node is ArgumentSyntax)
        {
            //This doesn't work even though both are ref tokens
            return node.ChildTokens().Any(t => t == SyntaxFactory.Token(SyntaxKind.RefKeyword));
        }

        return node is AssignmentExpressionSyntax;
    }

I was thinking of using the ValueText Property but that just seemed wrong
When I Compare the Child token to the one create by the syntax factory they don't match How can I compare tokens?

A: I needed the same thing and I believe that currently the recommended way is to use IsKind like this:
bool isRef = node.ChildTokens().Any(t => t.IsKind(SyntaxKind.RefKeyword));

A: Token comparisons include the parent.
Instead, you should check whether its RawKind is SyntaxKind.RefKeyword.


text:
Satellite data provide an important source of information for characterizing and monitoring land-cover and land-use change. In some regions it is the only feasible way to provide timely and reliable land-cover assessments and identify areas of rapid change. Recent land-cover history also provides a point of departure for modeling land-cover change.
NASA Current Missions for LCLUC Research
NASA currently has sensing systems at high, medium and low resolution, which meet the LCLUC program observation needs. NASA satellite systems supplement operational satellites providing systematic measurements to study long-term trends. For example, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on the EOS Terra (AM) and Aqua (PM) platforms have significantly improved on the capabilities of the operational NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). These coarse resolution data are used to classify and characterize land-cover at the global scale and to detect land-cover change at the regional scale. They also provide daily monitoring of land surface temperature and fire activity which is often an indicator of land-cover change. The operational Defense Meteorological Satellite Program provides a capability to map the extent of night time lights and has been used by LCLUC scientists to document the extent and growth of urban areas.
NASA as part of the Integrated Program Office is contributing to the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP). The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument launched in 2011 serves as a transition from MODIS class observations into the operational domain. Together with MODIS, the VIIRS instrument has continued the long-term data records of vegetation indices, land-cover and fire. The NASA NPP Science Team is contributing to and evaluating the operational algorithms which currently provide VIIRS Environmental Data Records (EDR's). The science team is determining whether these operational products will meet the needs of the science community and have been working collectively on product and algorithm refinements for several years. Some of the products derived from VIIRS important for LCLUC science have included the nighttime lights product providing moderate spatial and temporal resolution data to supplement and improve upon the operational Defense Meteorological Satellite Program which has also been used by LCLUC-funded research. Additional products such as finer-resolution active fire products have also been developed with the VIIRS sensor.
Landsat 7 has provided the systematic moderate resolution observations necessary to map and quantify land-cover changes at the local to regional scale for nearly 2 decades. The Landsat class observations are a critical underpinning for LCLUC research. The Landsat 7 global acquisition strategy providing multiple cloud-free scenes each year, has facilitated land-cover studies around the world. The LCLUC program has been pioneering methods for regional analysis of Landsat class observations setting the stage for periodic continental and global assessments of land-cover change. In this regard, the combination of systematic moderate and high resolution satellite remote sensing provides the opportunity for global scale studies and forms the basis for a global land observing system. Similarly, the NASA science programs are moving from Missions to Measurements with the aim of utilizing data from different instruments to address science questions.
Landsat 8 launched in 2013 has been providing improved moderately-fine resolution imagery building upon the success of the previous Landsat missions. It has included more refined bands than Landsat 7, including bands developed for cloud cover and aerosols. All bands have improved radiometric resolution making Landsat-8 sensor more sensitive. The NASA MuSLI projects funded by the LCLUC progam have been undertaking research to create a co-located Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 product. They are also developing higher-level co-located satellite products for applications such as inundation mapping, burned area mapping, and forest cover mapping. This project is the first of its kind to integrate moderately-high spatial resolution imagery from two separate satellites. The benefits to LCLUC research have included reduction in satellite overpass time, increasing the number of satellite observations for analysis.
Experimental measurements of limited duration are needed to better understand processes and to test new sensor technologies. For example, the Earth Observer 1 (EO1) system has provided a test-bed for new sensor technology and spaceborne hyper-spectral remote sensing. Similarly the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) sensor has provided coarse resolution thermal data collocated with MODIS data for improved surface characterization and validation of MODIS thermal products. In the past experimental microwave satellite sensors operated by Europe and Japan have been used for mapping the extent of wetland areas. NASA LCLUC research in this part of the spectrum had been limited by the absence of a current US microwave sensing system until recently.
Various SAR systems have been used including airborne platforms such as UAVSAR which can be deployed as a fully polarimetric system with high spatial resolution to any given location in the world. Currently NASA collaborates with the European Space Agency for sharing of Sentinel-1 C-Band SAR which is available for public download at the Alaska Satellite Facility.
NASA has also been exploring partnerships with industry for the commercial provision of data to meet the needs of its science community. In particular, hyperspatial data with 1-3m resolution from sensors such as IKONOS, Quickbird, and Worldview have been used to provide detailed validation of high resolution products.
NASA Future Missions for LCLUC Research
Landsat 9 development is currently underway as a partnership between NASA and the USGS to continue the decades-long legacy of Landsat sensors and associated historical record. It will prove useful for land resources mapping, monitoring land cover and land use change consequences including ecosystem function and services with implications on human health, the economy, and society. Landsat system of sensors have helped stakeholders across the world to the better manage farm resources, wildland fire control, drought monitoring, flood mapping, and much more. Landsat 9 is planned for launch in 2020 and will include the OLI-2 and TIRS-2 science instruments with a design life of 5 years and is in essence a rebuild of Landsat-8 which may allow for a much quicker and safer launch and prolonged lifespan.
NASA is currently developing a SAR system in collaboration with the Indian Space agency. The system is called NASA-ISRO SAR Mission (NISAR) planned for launch in 2020. It will be the first earth orbiting satellite with dual-band frequency (S-band and L-band) SAR with applications for hazard monitoring, global environmental change, and more.
Additional planned mission details are available here.


text:
Innisfil hockey team collects more than a ton of food
Innisfil Winterhawks LL U13 #2 team collected more than a ton of food for the Innisfil Food Bank. Nov. 7, 2022 (CTV NEWS/DAVE SULLIVAN)
Mark Cameron had 60 grocery bags full of noodles on his kitchen floor Sunday night.
The Innisfil resident and manager of the Innisfil Winterhawks U13 hockey team had spent two days corraling a dozen hockey players as they accepted food donations in front of John's No Frills in Alcona last weekend.
"We brought one barrel for donations and probably filled it about 30 times," Cameron said.
"For me, that was it. That was my Christmas moment. It was great to see the boys so excited and enthusiastic. We said it wasn't that we collected it; it was that the community donated," he said.
Cameron said he understands food instability is up by 60% in his community. That was part of the reason he was overjoyed when he realized they'd collected close to 2,500 lbs of food and another $520 in cash for the Innisfil Food Bank.
With the help of volunteer team coaches Ross Proctor, Kevin Rempel and Mike Mitchell, they dropped off the noodles, 60 boxes of cereal and 200 juice boxes packs and more, at the food bank Tuesday afternoon.


text:
GM plans $1B electric vehicle future for Mexico plant, UAW cries foul
General Motors on Thursday announced that it will invest $1 billion in its Ramos Arizpe, Mexico, facility. The plant, which currently makes the Chevrolet Equinox and Blazer SUVs, and once built Pontiac Azteks, is the next step in laying the groundwork for the company's electric future. GM announced that electric vehicles will be made at […]
General Motors on Thursday announced that it will invest $1 billion in its Ramos Arizpe, Mexico, facility. The plant, which currently makes the Chevrolet Equinox and Blazer SUVs, and once built Pontiac Azteks, is the next step in laying the groundwork for the company's electric future.
GM announced that electric vehicles will be made at the facility starting in 2023, while batteries and propulsion components will be made there starting in the second half of 2021.
That information came in an official release that GM chose to make available only in Spanish, on its Mexican website, although the investment amount was listed in U.S. dollars. The investment also seems oddly timed, given all the discussions about keeping electric vehicle production, and the surrounding supply chain, inside the U.S.
The United Auto Workers, in a scathing statement about the decision, called it "a slap in the face" for UAW members and taxpayers.
"Taxpayer money should not go to companies that utilize labor outside the U.S. while benefiting from American government subsidies," the statement said. "This is not the America any of us signed on for. Frankly, it is unseemly."
Final Chevrolet Cruze built at GM Lordstown plant
GM has in recent years abandoned several longtime U.S. assembly facilities, including a Lordstown, Ohio, plant that will soon be used—with a smaller workforce—to assemble the Lordstown Endurance electric truck. A GM-LG joint-venture Ultium battery assembly plant is nearby, in Ohio.
Meanwhile, GM is building up other longtime sites for the purpose of EV manufacturing. The automaker's Detroit-Hamtramck plant is being set up for EVs exclusively. In January, the company announced it will produce the BrightDrop EV600 electric commercial van at Ingersoll, Canada, and it continues to build the Chevy Bolt EV in Lake Orion, Michigan.
Cadillac Lyriq concept
GM confirmed earlier this month that it plans a second joint-venture U.S. battery plant with LG in Tennessee. And it confirmed last October that the 2022 Cadillac Lyriq will be made at the nearby Spring Hill plant that once made Saturns.
The lead candidate for the Mexico plant is a Chevrolet-brand mid-size electric crossover, yet to be named or detailed. GM will build two other electric crossovers for Honda—one with the Honda badge reportedly to be built in Mexico, the other with the Acura badge to be built at Spring Hill.
GM execs and upcoming Ultium EVs
Ford assembles the Mustang Mach-E in Cuautitlán, Mexico, and the Mach-E is not currently listed as available in Mexico on Ford's consumer site for the country.
GM does currently sell the Bolt EV in Mexico. Green Car Reports GM about the importance of the Mexican market in GM's EV plans, or how the decision fits with its sustainability targets; the automaker had declined comment.
Wrangler 4xe lift, GM Mexico investment, charging apps: Today's Car News
Off-road lift kit for Jeep Wrangler 4xe is a plug-in hybrid first


The Alberta Medical Association is warning the provincial government not to make too many changes to the health care system too soon.
Jul. 3, 2009 1:49 p.m.
AMA president Dr. Noel Grisdale says rapid budget cuts could short-circuit the ability of the system to deliver health services.
In a letter to the Tory caucus, Grisdale says focusing too much on cutting staffing would reduce access to the health system and make it harder to recruit doctors, among others.
On Tuesday, Alberta Health Services announced a $1.1 billion operating deficit.
Grisdale says the AMA supports making the system efficient, but the government must consider the long-term implications of any changes.


Before entering into the argument of distinction in between Certified Pega Business Architect PEGACPBA74V1 certification exam and also other Pegasystems certifications, let us be familiar with concerning the exam. Only participation in any type of sort of IT certification course and also getting a piece of paper as a certification is not the proper certification. The Pegasystems PEGACPBA74V1 exam is way various as well as a lot more legitimate than the explained interpretation of Pegasystems certifications. Although there is absolutely nothing wrong with this type of IT certifications, the people need to recognize that actually PEGACPBA74V1 exam questions as well as answers are completely different from the various other Pegasystems certification tests. As for Certified Pega Business Architect (CPBA) 74V1 certified is concerned, and Certified Pega Business Architect specialists or various other IT trainees who want to take this PEGACPBA74V1 exam dumps, when they lose consciousness they had a brief knowledge regarding Certified Pega Business Architect (CPBA) 74V1 and by this, they will get an edge over the other. However it does not indicate that the private practice on the offered field on the day-to-day or full time basis. It is primarily an advanced degree PEGACPBA74V1 exam certification which is understood practical in many companies too.
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A Littlehampton man is celebrating victory after 'very reluctantly' declaring war on the council, but has not ruled out further action.
Ross Morgan, 75, paid for a parking fine with loose change in a box he glued shut after parking on a grass verge outside The Steam Packet pub in Terminus Road.
The South Terrace resident said Arun District Council accepted his £35 payment, which included an extra £2.90 to waste even more time.
By paying his fine in the most inconvenient way, Ross said he hoped to have caused the council more expense than it earned.
He said: "To accept my payment they had to open the box, count the cash, pay it into the bank as cash, send me no less than three letters, issue two invoices (I think they meant receipts) and reimburse me the £2.90 in a separate cheque.
Ross was outraged in February by what he felt was an 'underhand' method of raising money by the council. His car was one of several parked on the grass verge, well away from the road, but it was only his that was ticketed.
He said customers at The Steam Packet were mostly of 'advanced years', many were disabled and no alternative parking was provided around the pub, leaving them with no option but to use the verge.
Ill-health has stopped Ross from returning to his regular pub since, but he said he fully intends to continue parking on the verge in future.
"I fully intend to park there again and I have another box prepared," said the blue badge holder.
"This one will take much longer to get into. They have set a precedent by accepting the first one.
"I have absolutely no complaints with Arun District Council, I think they do a quite remarkable job.
"The town is always clean and tidy – within a couple of hours on Tuesdays after foxes and seagulls have done their worst with bin bags, the whole town is spotless again. I have nothing but praise for the quality of service that the council provides.
"However, there is always someone who will take advantage of 'rules and regulations' to justify doing something like this.


This year more than ever we are in great need of host families for several exchange students. Please help by volunteering or by passing this to someone that may have an interest in this wonderful experience.
We are looking for volunteers who are interested in possibly hosting an exchange student. We have students 15-18 years old from around the world that will be arriving in late August for 5 or 10 months. We need host families for these students. We have students interested in a variety of activities including all kinds of sports, scouts, youth groups, piano, art, dance music, reading, math/science, skiing, baseball, soccer, volleyball, hiking/camping, basketball, choir, band, drawing and painting.
Without host families, we would not be able to help these students achieve their American Dream! Host families need only to provide a bed for the student and meals at home. Students can share a room with another kid. All other expenses are the student's responsibility. Host Families can consist of all make-ups such as single parent families, singles, couples with no kids, retirees, empty nesters, etc. These students make great mentors to younger children as well.
We have students from all over the world including: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Vietnam and many more.
Your help is greatly appreciated, as we have several students to place with good host families! Exchange students can be a positive influence on your family, school, and community! If you are interested and would like more information, please contact me as soon as possible so that we can give the exciting news to the student that their American dream is going to come true!