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Find and prove the limit of $X_n=$ $\frac {n^{100}}{1.01^n}$
I have to find and prove the limit of the sequence $X_n=$ $\frac {n^{100}}{1.01^n}$
What is the easier way?
I tried to use Bernoulli's inequality to say lim$\frac {n^{100}}{1.01^n}$ = lim$\frac {n^{100}}{(1+1/10)^n}$ and $ (1+1/10)^n \geq 1+n(1/10).$ But I could get anything. I think another way is to use the Squeeze Theorem but I have not could find the correct sequences.
I only can use the definition, Squeeze Theorem, the Bernoulli's inequality or using operations to reduce the sequence.
calculus sequences-and-series limits
nurun nesha
Alex TurnerAlex Turner
$\begingroup$ You now have five people who have answered your question. Do any of the answers provided successfully answer your question? If so, (this goes for all the other questions you've asked on MSE as well) you should click the check mark next to the answer that you feel best answered your question. This will let other MSE users know that your question has an answer, and it will give some points to the user who provided the answer. $\endgroup$ – graydad Oct 21 '15 at 5:16
$\begingroup$ You accepted the only "wrong" answer :) Well, it's not wrong but it doesn't give you the limit of the sequence. $\endgroup$ – lcv Nov 13 '15 at 6:23
We have $$\frac {n^{100}}{1.01^{n}} = \left(\frac{n}{1.01^{n/100}}\right)^{100} $$ By Bernoulli's inequality on the inside quantity, $$\begin{align}\left(\frac{n}{\left(1+\frac{1}{100}\right)^{n/100}}\right)^{100} &\leq \left(\frac{n}{1 + \frac{1}{100}\cdot\frac{n}{100}}\right)^{100} \\ &< \left(\frac{n}{\frac{n}{10000}}\right)^{100} \\ &= 10000^{100} \end{align}$$
graydadgraydad
Theorem. If $a,b > 0$, then $(\log x)^{a}/x^{b} \to 0$ as $x \to \infty$.
Corollary. If $a,b > 0$, then $x^{a}/e^{xb} \to 0$ as $x \to \infty$.
The corollary follows immediately from the fact that formally we have $x^{a}/e^{xb} = (\log t)^{a}/t^{b}$ and the theorem.
Take $a := 100$ and $b:= \log (1.01)$; then the statement that you want to prove follows directly.
To prove the theorem, just note that, given any $a,b > 0$, we have $x \geq 1$ only if for all $c > 0$ we have $$ \frac{(\log x)^{a}}{x^{b}} = \frac{\big( \int_{t=1}^{x}\frac{1}{t} \big)^{a}}{x^{b}} \leq \frac{\big( \int_{t=1}^{x} t^{c-1} \big)^{a}}{x^{b}} = \frac{(x^{c} - 1)^{a}}{c^{a}x^{b}} < \frac{x^{ac}}{c^{a}x^{b}}; $$ then take $c := \frac{b-1}{a}$.
MegadethMegadeth
When you are dealing with sequences it is better to use a theorem related to sequences. We will use the following result:
Theorem: If $0 < r < 1$ then $r^{n} \to 0$ as $n \to \infty$ and if $r > 1$ then $r^{n} \to \infty$ as $n \to \infty$.
Also it is best to analyze the sequence $a_{n} = n^{k}/a^{n}$ in general where $k, a$ are positive real numbers. For the current question we have $a = 1.01$ and $k = 100$.
We have $$\frac{a_{n + 1}}{a_{n}} = \frac{1}{a}\left(\frac{n + 1}{n}\right)^{k} \to a\cdot 1^{k} = \frac{1}{a}$$ as $n \to \infty$. We will show that if $0 < a \leq 1$ then $a_{n} \to \infty$ and if $a > 1$ then $a_{n} \to 0$ as $n \to \infty$. Note that when $a = 1$ then $a_{n} = n^{k}$ so that $a_{n} \to \infty$ as $n \to \infty$.
Let's start first with the case $a > 1$. Then clearly $b = 1/a < 1$ and therefore there is a number $r$ such that $b < r < 1$. Since $a_{n + 1}/a_{n} \to b$ as $n \to \infty$, it follows that there is a positive integer $m$ such that $a_{n + 1}/a_{n} < r$ for all $n \geq m$. Hence we can see that $$0 < \frac{a_{m + n}}{a_{m}} = \frac{a_{m + 1}}{a_{m}}\cdot\frac{a_{m + 2}}{a_{m + 1}}\cdots\frac{a_{m + 1n}}{a_{m + n - 1}} < r^{n}$$ Since $0 < r < 1$ it follows that $r^{n} \to 0$ as $n \to \infty$ and hence applying Squeeze theorem to the above equation we see that $$a_{m + n}/a_{m} \to 0$$ and therefore $a_{m + n} \to 0$. It follows that $a_{n} \to 0$. For the current question we have $a = 1.01$ so that $a > 1$ and hence it is covered by this case and the desired limit is $0$.
In exactly the same way we can show that if $0 < a < 1$ then $a_{n} \to \infty$. For this case we have $b = 1/a > 1$ and we need to choose $1 < r < b$ and use the fact that $a_{n + 1}/a_{n} > r$ for all large values of $n$. The result will follow because in this case $r^{n} \to \infty$.
The above proof is pretty standard (and should be available in any textbook which deals with limit of sequences) and its beauty is that it does not make use of exponential and logarithm functions (and no differentiation/L'Hospital's Rule)
Paramanand SinghParamanand Singh
Since $$ e^x> \frac{x^{101}}{101!} \quad \forall x \ge 0, $$ we have $$ 1.01^n=e^{n\ln1.01} >\frac{n^{101}\ln1.01}{101!} \quad \forall n\ge 1. $$ Therefore $$ 0<\frac{n^{100}}{1.01^n}<\frac{101!}{\ln1.01}\cdot\frac1n \quad \forall n\ge 1. $$ It follows that $$ 0\le\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{n^{100}}{1.01^n}\le \lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{101!}{\ln1.01}\cdot\frac1n=0, $$ i.e. $$ \lim_{n\to\infty}X_n=0. $$
Mercy KingMercy King
We will show that $\displaystyle \lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{n^k}{1.01^n}=0$ for all $k$. In particular, $k=100$ is the sequence you are asking about.
When $k=0$, we have $\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{1}{1.01^n}$, which is $0$ since $1.01^n$ increases without bound.
Suppose that $k>0$ and that $\displaystyle \lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{n^{k-1}}{1.01^n}=0$. Since $\displaystyle \lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{n^k}{1.01^n}$ is an $\frac{\infty}{\infty}$ indeterminate form, we may apply l'Hopital's rule to see that the limit is equal to $\displaystyle \lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{kn^{k-1}}{\ln(1.01)1.01^n}=\frac{k}{\ln 1.01}\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{n^{k-1}}{1.01^n}$, which equals zero by hypothesis.
By induction, the limit is zero for all $k\geq 0$.
Kyle MillerKyle Miller
$\begingroup$ L'Hospital's is not allowed for this problem $\endgroup$ – graydad Oct 21 '15 at 3:23
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Keep your guests cool and refershed at your warm weather wedding.
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wz.34
Armored car (1934) Poland - 90 converted
The Samochód Pancerny wzór 28 ("armored car model 28") was born from a 1926 specification. It was based on the Citröen-Kégresse half-track system, of which 135 had been purchased previously. 90 such chassis' were converted into armored cars at the CWS workshops. These entered service between 1929-31. By 1934 they formed the 2nd, 4th battalions and an independent armored car company in Bydgoszcz. However there had been many reports about their insufficient speed and off road qualities, high center of gravity compromising sharp turns and other issues related to the tires. Because of this an order was issued in 1933 for a conversion into fully wheeled versions, becoming the wzór 34 (wz.34) armored cars. The conversion was performed between 1934-35.
The conversion was executed by the Armored Weapons' Technical Research Bureau (BBT BP) using commercial truck components. Although their general appearance seems barely changed, the conversion was not limited to the drive train. The hull was slightly lightened at the top while the lower hull received reinforcements which lowered the center of gravity. The broader track of the rear axle (taken from the Fiat-614 light truck) double tire made it more stable. The prototype was tested between April and July 1934 and, although the off-road capabilities were not improved, the stability and road speed were way better and these characteristics were judged satisfactory enough to order a full conversion.
They were accepted in service on the 4th of June, 1935 as the wzór 34 (model 1934). Many conversions were performed in individual workshops, on BBT BP specifications. Final models differed considerably, although two main types were known. The wz.34-I, based on the early hull type with vertical rear back plates, and the wz.34-II with sloped back plates, a greater wheelbase and the turret shifted to the front. About 1/3 of these vehicles (often platoon leaders) were armed with the standard Puteaux SP-18/21 37 mm (1.46 in) gun with 96 rounds, while the others received a 7.92 mm (0.3 in) Hotchkiss wz.25 machine-gun with 2000 rounds.
The wz.34-I
For the early (I) version the rear superstructure formed two sponsons above the rear mudguards. The turret was placed at the rear end of the fighting compartment and the driver had two vision hatches. The engine hood differed also, some featuring the front hood fixed and a later model with a fully opening hood. Perhaps 27 of the entire lot were of this version.
The wz.34-II
For the late (II) version the rear superstructure had flat sides, sloped rear. The turret was moved forward. The bottom was now straight. The driver had a single vision hatch, the engine was a more modern Fiat-108-III and the rear axle came from the Polski Fiat-618. Hydraulic brakes and better electric wiring were also fitted. The wz.34-II were the most numerous conversion, perhaps 60 in all. Minor modifications by local workshops and the lack of reliable plans made it very difficult to have a clear picture of the characteristics of these versions.
War operations
The vehicles were grouped into formations of nine, called "dywizjon" (sub-division), comprising three platoons of three vehicles. They were spread out with the 1st Armored Battalion in Poznań, 4th in Brest-Litovsk, 5th in Cracov, 8th in Bydgoszcz, 12th in Luck, but also extended units in the 6th at Lviv (17 vehicles) and 7th at Grodno (25 vehicles). During mobilization, in 1939, ten armored units (battalions) were constituted and performed various reconnaissance missions just before the attack. During the first week of engagement, most were destroyed in hopeless engagements despite the crew's individual bravery, due to their lack of armor and poor armament. The low-velocity SA-18 37 mm (1.46 in) was never intended for antitank combat. By 23 September only a handful had survived. Detailed reports show that 55% were combat losses, 35% broke down and 10% were abandoned due to lack of fuel. That means that only 10-20% were captured in relatively serviceable conditions and used by the Germans for local police operations. Some sources suggest that one unit of 18 vehicles was sent to the Croats for anti-partisan warfare in the Balkans.
A complete overview of the wz.34
wz.34-II specifications
Dimensions 3.5 x 1.4 x 2.1 m (11.48 x 4.59 x 6.88 ft)
Total weight, battle ready 2.3 tons
Propulsion Polski-Fiat 108-III 4-cyl, 30 bhp
Maximum speed 55 km/h (34 mph)
Operational range 200-270 km (124-168 mi)
Armament 37 mm (1.46 in) wz. 18 low velocity gun or
Hotchkiss wz.25 7.92 mm (0.3 in) machine-gun
Armor From 3 to 8 mm (0.11-0.31 in)
Total conversion 89
wz.34-I or "early type", with the early 1935 spotted pattern.
wz.34-II or "late type", gun armed version, in practice often used by the platoon commander. It sports a "checkerboard" blended pattern, made of large roughly horizontal spots.
wz.34-II in September 1939 with the late camouflage pattern made of horizontal blended bands. In some cases the bands were even smaller in width, with four stacks of three gradients rather than three as seen here.
wz.34-I - Credits: M. Derela, Republika
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wz.34-II modern reconstruction, reenactment - Credits: Wikipedia
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Throughout human history and culture, gifts have played an important role in all sorts of different civilizations, cultures, and instances. Of course, one important aspect of gift giving is understanding that there are very different gifts to be given in different situations. For example, one would not give the same gifts to a relative as they would to a romantic partner. Similarly, a gift for a job promotion should be considered in a much different way than a gift that you give to a neighbor, for example. It can often be tough to navigate the situation and find the right gift, but here is how to select a great gift for any occasion.
There might be times in your life where you simply have too much going on to find the perfect gift for someone, or it might be a situation where it's customary to give a gift – but you are not that close to the person. A great strategy here is to simply go with a general gift that could show your appreciation/gratitude/congratulations, without truly delving into who the person is or their interests. One great example of a general gift is a useful tech accessory, for example. There are plenty of people that watch and listen to music, podcasts, or Youtube that could always use an extra Bluetooth speaker, for example. Another great thing about certain gifts is that they can apply to both men and women, so you can also find a gift among different types of watches, as well. A nice fountain pen can also do the trick in terms of "general gift". The idea is to purchase a gift that has value of some kind to almost anyone.
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As long as someone has a roof over their head and a human body – guess what they can use? Some stylish clothing items and some household items! It's a great way to ensure that your gift might be put to use, no matter what the occasion is. Who couldn't use an extra blanket during winter, or an extra bath towel? Some scented candles might be a great gift for anyone, because it can add value to a room, whether they own a mansion or a studio apartment. If it's winter, the right scarf can be a great gift for someone, whether male or female, as well. Of course, if you can purchase the gift for the right season, this might add a little personalized touch, even if you aren't too familiar with what kind of brands or styles the recipient appreciates.
One great way to choose a quick gift is to also choose a budget first for household items. If you are purchasing a gift for someone that you don't know well, there is obviously no reason to purchase them designer clothing or an expensive air conditioner, for example. You have to figure out what your limit is – whether it's $10, $20, $50, or $100 – you can already figure out what items might work for a gift.
Just because you don't know someone that well, that doesn't mean that you can't personalize a gift to some extent. For example – if you are aware that they are from a certain city and proud of it, you can purchase items that represent that city in a meaningful way. The same can obviously be done with sports teams. If you are purchasing a gift for an employee, you can purchase some employee-themed gifts, for example, such as a mug that might have a quirky or entertaining message that simultaneously shows your appreciation.
You can also personalize a gift by using initials, or their name, to purchase a gift. If they are taking their career seriously or you know that they are trying to get a business off the ground – perhaps you can purchase some artwork for their new business, or give a gift in the form of professional business cards.


Old Town craft beer Mecca draws patrons from near and far.
Business brings Garth Tagge to Fort Collins from his Orange County, California, home about every three months.
He's learned to stay at The Armstrong Hotel, which hovers over Choice City Butcher & Deli — the 104 W. Olive St. restaurant he'll dine at for breakfast, lunch and dinner.
Choice City has become a mecca in the world of craft beer, ranked among the country's top beer bars by the independent RateBeer and other publications.
"We are really proud how things have evolved," adds Anyssa Watkins, Robinson's longtime girlfriend and eight-year managing partner.
The restaurant opened in 2004, turning an old nail salon into a 12-tap pub with about 15 seats. It has since expanded to a 50-seat dining room with 37 taps that are constantly rotated. A popular patio provides additional seating.
The restaurant walls are decorated with craft beer tap handles and national magazine articles. Robinson and Watkins are often recognized in the craft beer world, including once by a Houston beer geek on a Mexican vacation.
"My philosophy is good food goes with good beer and there's nothing else much to it," Robinson said. "I'm also the type of person that if I'm going to make a beer list, or a Reuben sandwich, I'm going to do it right."
The buffalo Reuben sandwich and a beer is the most common order at Choice City. It's what Tagge gets every time he's in town.
The restaurant goes through an average of 160 pounds of buffalo meat and 40 gallons of sauerkraut each week. The rye bread is delivered from a Denver bakery.
Choice City also offers pastrami, turkey, portabella mushroom and the traditional corned beef Reuben options among a variety of other sandwiches served on butcher paper. Just be prepared to wait, as the restaurant's tiny kitchen means the average order is served in about 30 minutes.
Before opening Choice City, Robinson scouted delis in New York and Chicago for inspiration.
The Ohio native initially moved to Colorado to be a ski bum. But he longed for the Midwest meat markets he grew up with.
And while Robinson still roots for his Ohio State Buckeyes, his intentions are solely focused on Fort Collins — his restaurant bares the city's nickname, after all.
He and Watkins regularly turn down investors seeking to franchise Choice City. The couple did recently purchase nearby Uncles Pizzeria earlier this year.


text:
Q: How to silent print html content(Receipts) I am developing a POS system in PHP CodeIgniter, in which i need to print receipts from every transaction. I am able to generate dynamic receipts as per the products selected and able to print them also using iframes.
My issue is that I need to print those receipts silently(Without prompting anything on screen). I tried --kisok-printing also in chrome browser, While using Kiosk it opens the print dialog then automatically print the content with the default printer and the print dialog gets closed.
I even does not need the print dialoge to be shown and print without showing any effect on screen.
Please suggest me a way for the same.

A: I've sold the same issue using https://github.com/mike42/escpos-php for POS printer (it works great with EPSON TM-T20 only pure php:
<?php
/* Call this file 'hello-world.php' */
require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
use Mike42\Escpos\PrintConnectors\FilePrintConnector;
use Mike42\Escpos\Printer;
$connector = new FilePrintConnector("php://stdout");
$printer = new Printer($connector);
$printer -> text("Hello World!\n");
$printer -> cut();
$printer -> close();

for none POS Printer (if it appear one day you need it) I suggest you try this blog https://www.neodynamic.com/articles/Print-HTML-from-PHP-to-client-printer-without-print-dialog-silently/ notice that I never try it before.
I hope this will help you.

A: You have a few options:

*

*Write a wrapper UI in a native language to run on the kiosk that intercepts receipt print commands and performs them natively.

*Attach the printer to the network and have your network server trigger the print to the network printer for you, e.g. using something like PHP-Printer.

*Install a browser plug-in/extension for this purpose, e.g. MeadCo ScriptX (you'll need to handle the scenario where a client is missing the plugin, though).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


UNN Foreign Candidates, Visually Impaired and other Handicapped Admission List Checker – University of Nigeria, Nsukka, UNN admission list pdf for the 2018/2019 academic session. www.unn.edu.ng admission list.
The University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN) Foreign Candidates, Visually Impaired and other Handicapped admission list for the 2018/2019 academic session are out.
UNN admission list contains the names of candidates offered provisional admission into the university Foreign Candidates, Visually Impaired and other Handicapped programmes for the 2018/2019 academic session.
UNN Foreign Candidates, Visually Impaired and other Handicapped Admission List.
The under-listed candidates have been offered Provisional Admission for into the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN) Foreign Candidates, Visually Impaired and other Handicapped Programmes for the 2018/2019 Academic Session.
Congratulations to all the candidates that made it to UNN Foreign Candidates, Visually Impaired and other Handicapped Admission List 2018/2019.


text:
HomeHollywood
Civil War: Captain America, Iron Man's Teams Revealed
Indo-Asian News Service | August 28, 2015 16:30 IST (Los Angeles)
This image was posted on Twitter by Jeremy Renner
War Machine (Don Cheadle), Black Widow (Scarlett Johansson), Black Panther (Chadwick Boseman) and The Vision (Paul Bettany) are on Iron Man's side. While, Winter Soldier (Sebastian Stan), Falcon (Anthony Mackie), Hawkeye (Jeremy Renner), Ant-Man (Paul Rudd) and Sharon Carter (Emily VanCamp) team up with Captain America
The wait is finally over for fans who wanted to know who fights for whom in upcoming film Captain America: Civil War, which will star two superheroes - Captain America (Chris Evans) and Iron Man (Robert Downey Jr) - as enemies.
Comic Book Movie shared new promotional images which reveal the Avengers are divided between the Captain America and Iron Man, reported www.aceshowbiz.com.
One of the images features the titular superheroes and their respective teams in the middle of a war. War Machine (Don Cheadle), Black Widow (Scarlett Johansson), Black Panther (Chadwick Boseman) and The Vision (Paul Bettany) are on Iron Man's side. While, Winter Soldier (Sebastian Stan), Falcon (Anthony Mackie), Hawkeye (Jeremy Renner), Ant-Man (Paul Rudd) and Sharon Carter (Emily VanCamp) team up with Captain America.
Jeremy also posted on Twitter:
Yeah. I'm diggin this. You? #avengers#captainamerica#civilwar#hawkeye#ironmanpic.twitter.com/uTNrgdS5bg
— Jeremy Renner (@Renner4Real) August 27, 2015
Got new threads. And I brought a friend. #antman#hawkeye#civilwar#costume#captainamerica#avengerspic.twitter.com/HBY5xSCxEn
However, there is no word yet on the role of Spiderman (Tom Holland), Scarlet Witch (Elizabeth Olsen) and Bruce Banner (Mark Ruffalo), who were reportedly involved in the movie. (Also Read: Spider-Man May Have Fight Sequence in Captain America: Civil War)
Captain America: Civil War is slated to release on May 6, 2016. Anthony and Joe Russo will return as directors.
captain america vs iron man
captain america team
iron man team
Chris Evans to Return as Captain America? 'News to Me,' Evans Says
Marvel's Avengers Review: An Underdog Campaign Burdened From All Sides
Best Movies on Disney+ Hotstar [August 2020]
The Best Movies on Disney+ Hotstar [May 2020]
'Audience Can Relate to Captain America: Civil War'
Captain America: Civil War's Anthony Mackie 'Could Do' a Bollywood Film


text:
De e-sigaret of elektronische sigaret is een elektronisch toestel dat roken simuleert. De e-sigaret vormt door verhitting van e-vloeistof een aerosol die door de gebruiker wordt ingeademd. De samenstelling van de gebruikte vloeistoffen bestaat uit propyleenglycol, glycerol waarin al dan niet nicotine is opgelost samen met smaakstoffen. Daarnaast is er in bepaalde gevallen ook sprake van onzuiverheden en toxische stoffen zoals carcinogenen, zware metalen, vluchtige organische componenten (VOC's) en tabakspecifieke nitrosamines (TSNA's).

De gezondheidseffecten van e-sigaretten zijn onduidelijk, zeker op lange termijn. We kunnen aannemen dat de elektronische sigaret een minder gevaarlijk alternatief is voor de sigaret, maar dampen zal nog steeds minder gezond zijn dan niet dampen. Wel is duidelijk dat het gebruik van e-sigaretten onveilig is voor kinderen, tieners en jonge volwassenen; en dat de nicotine in veel e-sigaretten schadelijk is voor alle leeftijdsgroepen.

Bij het gebruik van een e-sigaret spreekt men niet van "roken" maar van "dampen".

Geschiedenis
In 1963 liet Herbert A. Gilbert een apparaat patenteren dat een oplossing met geur- en smaakstoffen omzette in stoom die kon worden geïnhaleerd. Gilbert noemde het een smokeless non-tobacco cigarette (rookvrije, tabakloze sigaret) maar de oplossing hoefde in zijn ontwerp geen nicotine te bevatten, hij noemde behalve het vervangen van sigaretten toepassingen als mentholwater of medicatie. In 1967 werd Gilbert benaderd door verschillende bedrijven die geïnteresseerd waren in de productie ervan, maar de uitvinding werd nooit met succes op de markt gebracht en verdween uit de openbaarheid.

Hon Lik, een Chinese apotheker geldt als de uitvinder van de nieuwe generatie elektronische sigaret. In 2003 kwam hij op het idee om met een elektrisch element een onder druk staande vloeistofstraal in een propyleenglycol-oplossing te verdampen. Dit ontwerp produceert een rookachtige damp die kan worden ingeademd en biedt mogelijkheden om de nicotine via de longen in de bloedbaan te geleiden.

Het toestel werd in mei 2004 geïntroduceerd op de Chinese binnenlandse markt als hulpmiddel om te stoppen met roken en als vervanging. Het bedrijf waarvoor Hon Lik werkte, Golden Dragon Holdings, veranderde zijn naam in Ruyan en begon de producten in 2005-2006 te exporteren. Dit zelfs vóór de ontvangst van zijn eerste internationale octrooi in 2007.

De Nederlandse Inspectie voor de Gezondheidszorg (IGZ) liet in januari 2008 een verklaring uitgaan waarin ze waarschuwt voor het gebruik van de e-sigaret omdat er volgens de IGZ te weinig bekend is over de veiligheid van het product, waaronder mogelijke schadelijke effecten op de lange termijn. De e-sigaret moet volgens de IGZ voorgelegd worden aan het College ter Beoordeling van Geneesmiddelen (CBG) omdat hij een geneesmiddel zou zijn.

In 2011 besliste de Nederlandse minister van Volksgezondheid Edith Schippers om hem als geneesmiddel te klasseren. Een kort geding van de Amerikaanse United Tobacco Vapor Group (UTVG) was het gevolg en de uitkomst was dat de elektrische nicotinehoudende sigaretten van UTVG door de Nederlandse Staat niet mogen worden aangemerkt als geneesmiddelen. Dat heeft de voorzieningenrechter van de rechtbank Den Haag bepaald en in hoger beroep ook het gerechtshof.

De staat handelt onrechtmatig door de e-sigaretten van de UTVG als geneesmiddel te beschouwen, zo oordeelt het hof. UTGV presenteert de sigaretten zelf niet als geneesmiddel. Volgens het hof is er onvoldoende wetenschappelijk bewijs dat de e-sigaret van UTVG een noemenswaardig effect heeft op de fysiologische functies van de mens. Daarnaast acht het hof het aannemelijk dat de consument de e-sigaret gebruikt als genotsmiddel, naast of als vervanger van gewone sigaretten.

Doelgroep
Een van de voornaamste redenen om de e-sigaret te gebruiken, is om te stoppen met roken. Een review van klinische studies naar het gebruik van de e-sigaret als hulpmiddel om te stoppen met roken concludeerde dat er matig bewijs bestaat voor de effectiviteit van de e-sigaret als rookstopmiddel.

Omgekeerd komt het ook voor (met name bij jongeren) dat de e-sigaret een opstapje is naar "gewoon" roken.

Werking
Elektronische sigaretten bestaan over het algemeen uit twee delen, namelijk de batterij en een verdamper (atomizer of clearomizer) waarmee de vulling (liquid of e-liquid genoemd) verdampt wordt. Door het indrukken van een knop op de batterij wordt een gloeidraad in werking gesteld, die voor de verdamping van de liquid zorgt. De damp kan vervolgens worden geïnhaleerd door de gebruiker.

De vloeistof voor het produceren van de damp is een oplossing van propyleenglycol (PG), plantaardige glycerine (VG), gemengd met geconcentreerde aroma's en al dan niet nicotine. De standaardnotatie "mg/ml" wordt vaak gebruikt om de concentratie nicotine aan te duiden en soms verkort tot simpelweg "mg". Deze varieert van 0 tot 20 mg/ml. Wanneer een gebruiker een te hoge nicotinesterkte gebruikt kunnen bijverschijnselen zoals duizeligheid, misselijkheid en hartkloppingen optreden. Advies is dan ook om zo dicht mogelijk in de buurt te blijven van de nicotinesterkte van het merk sigaretten waaraan men gewend was.

Bekende smaakvariaties zijn fruitsmaken, cappuccino en chocolade. De smaken zouden in het bijzonder jongeren ertoe kunnen verleiden met roken te beginnen (het zogenoemde Gateway-effect). Er is momenteel geen bewijs dat het Gateway-effect daadwerkelijk bestaat. Integendeel, het weinige onderzoek onder jongeren laat zien dat de overgrote meerderheid (ruim 99,5%) van de jongeren die e-sigaretten gebruikt al roker was. Minder dan 0,5% van de jongeren die een e-sigaret gebruikt had, was niet-roker en van gecontinueerd gebruik was bij 0% van die jongeren sprake.

Soorten en maten

Naast het aanbod van elektrische sigaretten, zijn er ook elektronische versies verkrijgbaar van de sigaar, cigarillo of pijp. De laatstgenoemde soorten werken op gesloten batterijen, in tegenstelling tot de oplaadbare batterijen met ingebouwde elektronica van de elektronische sigaretten. Er zijn e-sigaretten waarbij de roker een knop moet indrukken en varianten die automatisch geactiveerd worden bij inhalatie. De gemiddelde batterij geeft een spanning tussen 3,3 en 3,7 volt, wat genoeg is om de vloeistof met behulp van een spoel (gloeidraad) of vernevelaar te verdampen.

In 2016 is een type e-sigaret op de markt gebracht dat gebruik maakt van een verdamp-element met een lage weerstand, in combinatie met een batterij die een hoog vermogen kan afgeven. In dit type e-sigaretten kan hooguit 3 mg/ml worden gebruikt. Sommige e-sigaretten beschikken over een temperatuurinstelfunctie. De afkorting TC staat dan voor temperature control. Anders dan bij voltage- of wattage-standen wordt nu vooraf ingesteld op welke temperatuur de e-liquid verdampt. Bij dit temperatuurgeregeld dampen wordt de temperatuur vastgesteld aan de hand van een weerstandsmeting.

Juridische status

België
In België valt de nicotinehoudende e-sigaret onder het Koninklijk Besluit betreffende het fabriceren en het in de handel brengen van elektronische sigaretten. Hiervoor werden nicotinehoudende e-sigaretten beschouwd als geneesmiddelen, wat een de-facto-verbod op nicotinehoudene e-sigaret betekende. De huidige wetgeving, het KB betreffende de e-sigaret, is in grote mate de implementatie van de Europese Richtlijn 2014/40/EU over tabaks- en aanverwante producten. Een van de bijkomende maatregelen van het KB is het verbod op online verkoop van nicotinehoudende e-vloeistoffen.

Nederland
In de Nederlandse Tabaks- en rookwarenwet en het Tabaks- en rookwarenbesluit, ook genoemd Besluit uitvoering Tabakswet, wordt onder elektronische dampwaar verstaan: elektronische sigaret, navulverpakking, elektronische sigaret zonder nicotine, navulverpakking zonder nicotine en patroon zonder nicotine, en wordt onder aanverwant product verstaan: elektronische dampwaar en voor roken bestemd kruidenproduct.

Veel bepalingen over tabaksproducten gelden inmiddels ook voor aanverwante producten zoals de e-sigaret.

Gezondheidsaspecten
De gezondheidsaspecten van de elektronische sigaret staan nog deels ter discussie. Echter, wetenschappelijk onderzoek (in oktober 2022 laatst beoordeeld) toont aan dat:
 het gebruik van e-sigaretten onveilig is voor kinderen, tieners en jonge volwassenen
 de meeste e-sigaretten het zeer verslavende nicotine bevatten, wat de hersenontwikkeling van adolescenten kan schaden tot ongeveer het 25e levensjaar
 e-sigaretten naast nicotine nog andere schadelijke stoffen kunnen bevatten
 jongeren die e-sigaretten gebruiken, in de toekomst waarschijnlijk vaker "gewone" sigaretten zullen gaan roken. Ook zijn de werking en verslavende factoren van nicotine duidelijk, voor alle leeftijdsgroepen.
De World Health Organization (WHO) stelt dat met ingang van juli 2013 geen rigoureuze studies zijn uitgevoerd om te bepalen of elektronische sigaretten een bruikbare methode zijn om mensen te helpen stoppen met roken. Er is een aantal door de producenten gesponsorde niet-gecontroleerde studies die een mogelijk voordeel tonen.

Volgens een onderzoek van de Portland State University worden er bij het roken met een 5-voltbatterij hoeveelheden kankerverwekkend formaldehyde afgegeven die 5 tot 15 keer hoger liggen dan bij een traditionele sigaret het geval is.  Er moet wel worden opgemerkt dat professor Peter Hajek concludeert dat de onderzoekers de vloeistof hebben oververhit. Bij normaal gebruik komt er geen formaldehyde vrij. Zijn conclusie: "Wanneer je kip laat verbranden dan is het eten van de zwart verbrande korst kankerverwekkend. Echter kun je daarmee niet stellen dat de kip kankerverwekkend is". Het gaat bij dit onderzoek dus uitsluitend over formaldehyde, en niet over andere schadelijke stoffen.

Belgische Hoge Gezondheidsraad
Volgens een advies van de Hoge Gezondheidsraad van België uit 2013 is meer onderzoek nodig om alle effecten op de gezondheid te kennen en dan meer bepaald de aerosolvorming en de aanwezigheid van toxische stoffen in lage concentraties. Wel wordt aangenomen dat de e-sigaret minder toxisch is dan normale sigaretten aangezien er geen verbrandingsproducten worden ingeademd.

In 2015 werd het advies van de raad bijgewerkt.

Boston University School of Public Health
Een studie door onderzoekers van de Boston University School of Public Health in 2010 leidde tot de conclusie dat elektronische sigaretten veiliger zijn dan echte sigaretten en kunnen helpen om van het roken af te komen. Elektronische sigaretten bleken "veel veiliger" te zijn dan de traditionele tabak en hadden een niveau van toxiciteit dat vergelijkbaar is met de bestaande nicotinevervangers. Het niveau van de kankerverwekkende stoffen in elektronische sigaretten bleek tot duizend keer zo laag te zijn als in gewone sigaretten. Het rapport vermeldde ook dat genoeg bewijs was gevonden dat elektronische sigaretten mensen kunnen helpen te stoppen met roken door het simuleren van een tabakssigaret.

Naast de vraagtekens over de veiligheid van de e-sigaret wordt wel aangegeven dat de risico's van het gebruik van een e-sigaret aanzienlijk minder zijn dan de risico's bij het doorzetten van het rookgedrag, voor zowel de roker als zijn omgeving.

Frans onderzoek
Op 30 november 2012 is er een Frans onderzoek gepresenteerd waarin een aantal significante gezondheidsverbeteringen worden beschreven onder rokers die overstappen op de elektrische sigaret. Het onderzoek werd uitgevoerd door onderzoekers van Le Comité Départemental des maladies respiratoires de la Dordogne en het Centre d'examen de santé de Périgueux. Zij deden onderzoek naar de acceptatie en tolerantie van de elektrische sigaret onder rokers en de mogelijkheid om rokers voor te bereiden op een stoppoging.

Bij dit onderzoek, waaraan 74 mensen deelnamen, bleek dat het gebruik van de elektrische sigaret een significante daling teweegbracht in het gebruik van normale sigaretten bij 72% van de rokers. De overige deelnemers hebben aangegeven minder te zijn gaan roken, maar het aantal normale sigaretten is niet gehalveerd. 64 procent van de testpersonen hebben een positief effect gemerkt op hun gezondheid, 15% had kleine bijwerkingen (mond, lippen of keel geïrriteerd). Na drie maanden was het hartritme van alle deelnemers gedaald, evenals het niveau van koolmonoxide. Er was een lichte gewichtstoename. De gewichtstoename bij de rokers die alleen nog dampen, was lager dan wanneer een normale stoppoging was ondernomen. Verder is de Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) verbeterd, zeker bij de personen die weinig tot geen normale sigaretten meer roken.

Engels onderzoek
De huidige generatie e-sigaretten zijn volgens het Public Health England (PHE) 95% minder schadelijk dan tabak. Dit zou blijken uit rapportages die de onderzoekers gemaakt hebben over de gezondheidseffecten van de elektronische sigaret in vergelijking met reguliere tabak. Deze rapporten zijn gepubliceerd op 19 augustus 2015.

Het Royal College of Physicians komt tot dezelfde conclusie als Public Health England en roept rokers op om over te stappen naar de e-sigaret.

FDA
In de Verenigde Staten ontstond in de loop van 2019 toenemende ophef over sterfgevallen en longklachten na gebruik van deze nicotine-verdamper met allerlei toevoegingen. Op 4 oktober waarschuwde de FDA expliciet voor de toevoeging van THC en voor de aanwezigheid van vitamine E acetaat in e-vloeistoffen.

Strijd om vrije verkoop van nicotinehoudende e-sigaret in Nederland
In een brief aan de Tweede Kamer van minister Schippers van 23 december 2011 en een officiële publicatie via de overheidspublicatiesite is er gepoogd een direct ingaand verbod in te stellen op de verkoop via winkels en online van nicotinehoudende e-sigaretten. Producent UTVG stapte naar de Haagse voorzieningenrechter en kreeg op 13 maart 2012 gelijk. Volgens de rechter is het besluit van de minister onvoldoende deugdelijk gemotiveerd. De overheid moet de invoer van en handel in nicotinehoudende e-sigaretten daarom toestaan, zonder handhavend op te treden op grond van de geneesmiddelenwet.

Het Ministerie van Volksgezondheid gaat tegen deze beslissing in hoger beroep. Woordvoerster Karin IJzendoorn benadrukt dat het ministerie en de Inspectie voor de Gezondheidszorg de e-sigaret blijven beschouwen als een product dat onder de Geneesmiddelenwet valt, op grond van "de werking van dit product in het menselijk lichaam". Zij wijst erop dat een vergelijkbaar product, van Nicorette, wel als geneesmiddel is geregistreerd.

Op 26 juni 2012 bevestigde het gerechtshof te 's-Gravenhage op hoofdlijnen het oordeel van de Haagse voorzieningenrechter. De Staat werd veroordeeld tot betaling van de proceskosten. Alleen de firma UTVG die het geding voerde, kan aanspraak maken op dit vonnis.

In maart 2014 werd door de EU een vernieuwde tabaksrichtlijn aangenomen. In deze richtlijn is de elektronische sigaret voor het eerst opgenomen en wordt deze expliciet vermeld (in artikel 18a). Deze richtlijnen dienen binnen twee jaar te worden omgezet in nationale wetten van de diverse lidstaten. Tot dat moment valt de elektronische sigaret onder de warenwet en is daarom vrij te verkrijgen.

Zie ook
 Shishapen

Tabak

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Woolsey Fire has burned 91,572 acres in Ventura and Los Angeles counties. Officials say it may be contained by Saturday.
Add water to the utilities that may be affected by the Woolsey Fire, which has burned 91,572 acres in Ventura and Los Angeles counties.
Anyone living within the burn area is encouraged to boil their tap water for one minute before usage or use bottled water due to possible contaminates that may have entered the area's supply, according to a warning issued by Los Angeles County.
Los Angeles County Waterworks District No. 29 has issued advisories to the communities of Point Dume and Encinal Canyon. Also affected is the Las Virgenes Municipal Water District's service area bordered by Westlake Village to the north, the Ventura County Line to the west, Corral Canyon to the east and Malibu to the south.
Winds have been pushing flames and helping the spread of the Woolsey Fire in Ventura and Los Angeles counties since Wednesday afternoon. As of Monday, firefighters contained 20 percent of its perimeter with full containment expected Saturday.
Two fatalities have been confirmed and 370 structures have been destroyed with thousands more threatened.
The water advisory is on top of warnings that electricity may be shut off to Southern California Edison customers across Southern California.
Due to gusty winds throughout the region, the utility company announced customers may have their power shut off to reduce the threat of wildfires.
RELATED: Pepperdine University: What happened during the Woolsey Fire?
Edison's announcement applies to about 50 communities, including San Bernardino, Rancho Cucamonga, San Fernando, Idyllwild and Cabazon.
Meanwhile, an air quality advisory also has been issued for communities across Southern California.
The advisory lasts through noon Monday, although Santa Ana winds could help move smoky air out of Riverside, San Bernardino and Orange counties in the coming days, according to the South Coast Air Quality Management District.
Officials, however, have warned those same winds could continue to drive fire activity.


text:
A priest at the Daoist temple in Rio de Janeiro
As Daoism spreads around the world it is evolving into new forms and creating cultural hybrids. In 2001 I interviewed leading American qigong practitioners for a web-based video teaching resource, American Daoist Cultivation, which I also discussed in a article on teaching Daoism to contemporary North American college students, co-written with Elijah Siegler.
In 2009 I travelled with my graduate student, Dan Murray, to conduct research into a lineage of Orthodox Unity (Zhengyi) Daoism in Brazil. We visited templed in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo and conducted interviews and focus groups with community leaders and practitioners.
Daoism in Brazil
Although Daoism has a long history within China, it has only recently begun to spread outside of Chinese communities. In Brazil, Daoism has entered an already pluralistic world of religions that, while primarily Roman Catholic, also includes Afro-Brazilian practices like Umbanda and Candomble, and more recent additions like Tibetan Buddhism and the Japanese new religious movement Kofuku-no-Kagaku.
Priests, teachers, and practitioners from three groups in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro were interviewed as part of the study. The Grande Triade, which teaches Daoist inner alchemy and qigong, and the Liu Pai Lin (Liu Bailing) Tai Chi Centre both focus on teaching Daoism through traditional Chinese body technologies. These groups see the physical exercises as more important than the typically religious activities associated with Daoism. At the Daoist Society of Brazil, on the other hand, ritual services are performed and offerings are made to Daoist deities, in addition to classes about Daoist texts and physical exercises.
Wu Jyh Cherng founded the Daoist Society of Brazil in 1991 as part of the Orthodox Unity (Zhengyi) lineage of Daoism. He was born in Taiwan and immigrated to Brazil with his family, later returning to Taiwan for training as a priest. Although Cherng died in 2004, the society continues, and is now run completely by local Brazilians.The two head priests first studied under Cherng and later received intensive training in Taiwan. The society is comprised of two temples, and is probably the only Zhengyi lineage group run by non-ethnic Chinese. It offers a unique insight into Daoism outside of Chinese communities.
The research investigated how Daoism has been adopted as part of the identity of these Brazilians, and how they have adapted the practice of Daoism to fit their own culture. For the Daoist Society of Brazil, it is important to maintain the traditions of Zhengyi Daoism brought from Taiwan, but they have consciously decided that for Daoism to succeed in Brazil some elements must change. Brazilians are not familiar with the ideas and practices of Daoism, and the priests try to accommodate this. The silent laity sitting in orderly rows during a service on Sunday morning may appear to have more in com-mon with a Christian church service than any Chinese religion, but the deities, chants, and rituals from Daoism all remain.
Additionally, the research examined the relationship between Daoism and Chinese culture, and whether the spread of Daoism can offer a bridge between cultures. Taking part in Daoist practices for philosophical, religious, or health reasons has led some to become interested in wider Chinese culture; however Daoism itself is still described by interviewees as a practice that, to some extent, can be detached from Chinese culture and practiced by anyone in the world. Brazil has presented a multitude of ways that Daoism can be spread and understood outside of China.
Key Articles
Murray, Dan and James Miller. 2013. The Daoist Society of Brazil and the Globalization of Orthodox Unity Daoism. Journal of Daoist Studies 6: 93-114.
Murray, Dan. 2010. Daoism in Brazil: The Globalization of the Orthodox Unity (Zhengyi) Tradition. MA research essay, Queen's University, Canada.
Miller, James and Elijah Siegler. 2007. Of Alchemy and Authenticity: Teaching About Daoism Today. Teaching Theology and Religion. 10.2: 101-108
Miller, James. 2006. American Daoist Culitvation: Internet: www.daoiststudies.org/dao/american-daoist-cultivation


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Home google+ latest Linkedin social media A 7-Year-Old Girl Applied for a Job at Google, and the CEO Wrote Her Back
A 7-Year-Old Girl Applied for a Job at Google, and the CEO Wrote Her Back
In what is easily already the most adorable story of the year (aside from scientists discovering that bees make a 'whoop' sound when they get startled), a 7-year-old girl named Chloe Bridgewater recently wrote a letter to Google's head office asking if she could work there.
This was inspired in part by Chloe's interest in all things computer (and robot) related, but also because she liked the idea of working in an office which is essentially a gigantic playroom with bean bags, slides and go karts. According to the letter, she also intends to work at a chocolate factory and swim in the Olympics, so Google is clearly just a stopgap.
Andy Bridgewater
Even bearing that in mind, the response she got was amazing. Not only did Google send her a letter back, but the letter had been personally written by Google CEO Sundar Pichai. In it, Pichai tells her to keep following her dreams, and that he looks forward to receiving her full application when she's "finished with school". He even put a smiley face at the end.
Chloe had been encouraged by her father to send the letter, after she'd asked him where he would like to work most. Naturally, as many of us do, he said Google, and that's what sparked off the whole thing. After receiving the letter, and presumably taking a few minutes to calm himself down, Mr. Bridgewater posted it on LinkedIn. 10 million views later, the term 'viral' was starting to look like an understatement.
In the wake of all this fan fair, Chloe has now apparently decided that she wants to get a job at Google through media recognition, though her father has said he'd rather she focused on school, naturally. In either case, being told directly by one of the most influential people on the planet to follow your dreams has got to be a strong motivator.
Tags: google+, latest, Linkedin, social media


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Alan McCrory Wilson (born July 16, 1973) is a South Carolina National Guard officer, attorney, and politician serving as the 51st Attorney General of South Carolina since 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party.

As Attorney General of South Carolina, Wilson has litigated to block same-sex marriage, invalidate the Affordable Care Act, challenge environmental regulations, defend anti-abortion laws, and prohibit masking and vaccine requirements. He has advocated against cannabis decriminalization and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals.

Early life and education
Wilson was born Alan McCrory. His father, Michael McCrory, was an Army captain and Vietnam veteran. Wilson's mother, Roxanne Dusenbury McCrory, then married Joe Wilson, who currently serves as the U.S. representative for . Joe Wilson adopted Alan when he was three, and Alan took his last name. Along with his three brothers, Alan is an Eagle Scout.

Wilson graduated from Francis Marion University, where he joined the Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity through the Theta Delta chapter, with a bachelor's degree in political science in 1996, and received a J.D. from the University of South Carolina School of Law in 2002.

Following college, he joined the South Carolina National Guard. He is currently a Colonel in the Judge Advocate General Corps.

Legal career
Wilson interned in the Attorney General's office under Charlie Condon. After law school, he worked for Judge Marc H. Westbrook of the South Carolina Circuit Court. Wilson later served as an Assistant Solicitor and as an Assistant Attorney General. In 2009, he moved to the private sector and started working at the law firm Willoughby & Hoefer in Columbia, South Carolina.

Attorney General of South Carolina

Elections

Henry McMaster did not run for reelection as Attorney General, choosing instead to run for governor, as incumbent Mark Sanford was term-limited. Wilson won the Republican nomination in a runoff election on June 22, 2010, receiving 60 percent of the vote against his opponent Leighton Lord. Wilson defeated Democratic Party candidate Matthew Richardson in the November 2010 general election.

In 2014, Wilson was reelected, defeating the Democratic nominee, Parnell Diggs.

Wilson won a third term in 2018. In the contentious Republican primary, Wilson faced two challengers for renomination, state Representative Todd Atwater and attorney William Herlong of Greenville. Both challengers focused on ethics issues, criticizing Wilson for his connections to the Quinns, who reached a plea deal after being embroiled in a Statehouse corruption investigation. In the initial Republican primary, Wilson received 48.6%, Atwater received 29.7%, and Herlong received almost 22%; because no candidate received a majority, the nomination was decided by a primary runoff election. Although Herlong endorsed Atwater in the runoff, Wilson won renomination, receiving about 65% of the vote to Atwater's 35%. In the 2018 general election, Wilson received about 55% of the vote, defeating the Democratic nominee, Constance Anastopoulo.

Investigation of campaign contributions
In 2013, Wilson self-reported his campaign failed to report at least 84 contributions and expenditures on required public reports. In February 2013, Wilson originally admitted his campaign failed to disclose and report receiving at least 15 separate contributions of unknown amounts. A further investigation in March 2013 revealed at least 68 unreported contributions and 16 unreported expenditures. As the errors were self-reported and the reports were subsequently re-filed, Wilson faced no penalties.

False election-fraud claims
On January 12, 2012, Wilson falsely claimed on Fox News that "We found out that there were over 900 people who died and then subsequently voted. That number could be even higher than that." These claims were untrue, and an exhaustive investigation by the South Carolina Law Enforcement Division found no evidence to support the claims of "zombie voters" in South Carolina.

Same-sex marriage
In 2014, Wilson asked the South Carolina Supreme Court to block the issuance of marriage licenses to same-sex couples in the state. Wilson waged an exhaustive legal fight to block same-sex marriage in South Carolina, and in 2015, U.S. District Judge Richard Gergel ordered Wilson to pay more than $134,000 in attorneys' fees to plaintiffs who successfully challenged the state's ban on same-sex marriage.

Affordable Care Act litigation
Wilson supported lawsuits to invalidate the Affordable Care Act.

Threatened litigation against DACA
In July 2017, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton led a group of Republican attorneys general from nine other states, including Wilson, plus Idaho Governor Butch Otter, in threatening that they would litigate against the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) policy that had been put into place by President Barack Obama.

Quinn affair, conflicts with special prosecutor, and grand jury finding on South Carolina corruption
In late 2013, a State Law Enforcement Division report focusing on former state House Speaker House Bobby Harrell was transferred to the AG's office. The report mentioned state representatives Rick Quinn Sr. and Rick Quinn Jr. suggesting misconduct by the younger Quinn. In early 2014, Wilson recused himself from the investigation and appointed David Pascoe, the solicitor for the 1st Judicial Circuit, as special prosecutor. Harrell pleaded guilty and resigned from the House in late 2014. Pascoe urged the AG's Office to investigate the Quinns. After Harrell pleaded guilty to misusing campaign money and resigned from the House in late 2014, Pascoe emailed the attorney general's office, urging the Quinns be investigated. Wilson secretly recruited Quinn to assist in drafting a response letter to Pascoe, saying that his role as a special prosecutor was complete; Wilson later said that this was a mistake.

In March 2016, after Pascoe continued to use the state grand jury to investigate possible corruption in the General Assembly, Wilson attempted to fire Pascoe, triggering a political firestorm in the state. Adam Piper, a Wilson aide, launched a secret effort to smear Pascoe. Pascoe challenged Wilson's attempt to fire him, arguing that the attorney general could not do so after previously recusing himself on the grounds of a conflict of interest.  In July 2016, the South Carolina Supreme Court sided with Pascoe on a 4–1 decision, rejecting Wilson's attempt to fire him as special prosecutor. Ultimately, the younger Rick Quinn resigned from office and pleaded guilty to a reduced charge, while the elder Quinn agreed to testify before the state grand jury, and his consulting firm pleaded guilty to failing to register as a lobbyist.

In October 2018, after a two-year investigation, a state grand jury issued a 270-page report on corruption in South Carolina, including blurred relationships between businesses, legislators, lobbyists, and political consultants. The grand jury determined that Wilson's failure to act following the guilty plea of Harrell and the Quinns impeded an investigation into state government corruption, although it made no finding as to Wilson's intent. The investigation and the report focused in part on Wilson's close ties to Richard Quinn, a prominent Republican political strategist in the state, and his son Rick Quinn Jr., who had been a member of the state House. Wilson had paid the elder Quinn's firm more than $220,000 for political strategy services in two election campaigns. Wilson denied wrongdoing and asserted that the 2018 grand jury's report was politically motivated. Judge Clifton Newman ordered that the report be released to the public.

Environmental litigation
In 2021, Wilson joined a Republican lawsuit challenging President Biden's order directing federal agencies to consider the costs of greenhouse gas pollution in making decisions. Wilson also joined another lawsuit challenging Biden's decision to revoke the federal permit for the Keystone XL Pipeline, an oil pipeline project 1,000 miles from South Carolina.

Abortion litigation
A staunch opponent of abortion, Wilson defended a state law banning most abortions in South Carolina from a constitutional challenge. In 2021, Wilson joined a U.S. Supreme Court filing calling on the Court to overturn Roe v. Wade.

Opposition to cannabis decriminalization
In January 2019, Wilson described cannabis as "the most dangerous drug, because it is the most misunderstood drug" in the United States while denouncing legislation that would allow physicians to prescribe medical marijuana for patients. Wilson was one of 16 state attorneys general who did not support the SAFE Banking Act, which permitted the use of the banking system by cannabis-related businesses in states and territories in which cannabis is legal.

Wilson is the respondent of a ongoing lawsuit which alleges that Wilson and SLED denied him due process when they destroyed his hemp farm.

Efforts to subvert 2020 presidential election outcome

In December 2020, Wilson joined a lawsuit by 16 Republican state attorneys general urging the U.S. Supreme Court to overturn the results of the 2020 presidential election, specifically by challenging Joe Biden's victory in four states. The suit was based on Donald Trump's false claim of election fraud. The next month, in advance of the January 6 attack on the United States Capitol by a pro-Trump mob, the Republican Attorneys General Association, then chaired by Wilson, made robocalls encouraging "patriots" to march on Washington and demand that Congress overturn the election results and keep Trump in power. Wilson later acknowledged Biden as the election's winner on January 11, 2021. He said he was "completely unaware" of the Republican Attorneys General Association robocalls; the group's executive director, a former Wilson aide Adam Piper, resigned.

Five South Carolina attorneys subsequently filed complaints with the South Carolina Office of Disciplinary Counsel against Wilson, alleging that his participation in the Trump conspiracy lawsuit was an abuse of office that attempted to disenfranchise voters and had the effect of inflaming the subsequent insurrection. Wilson denied wrongdoing.

COVID-19 pandemic

Wilson was one of 20 Republican state attorneys general who claimed that a portion of President Biden's COVID-19 relief package (specifically, a provision that states could not redirect federal stimulus money to reduce state tax rates) was unconstitutional.

In August 2021, ahead of the start of the 2021–2022 school year and amid an increasing number of COVID-19 cases in the state, Wilson said that the University of South Carolina could not implement indoor mask requirements for campus access. Wilson contended that a proviso (a type of state budget measure) passed by the General Assembly earlier that year prohibited such a mandate. After Wilson's intervention, the university dropped the requirement. However, later the same month, the South Carolina Supreme Court issued a unanimous decision that rejected Wilson's interpretation, and the University of South Carolina reinstated its mask mandate.

Wilson challenged the Joe Biden administration's vaccine requirement for large businesses.

Personal life
Wilson and his wife, Jennifer (nee Miskewicz), a former WIS-TV news reporter,  have two children.  Wilson joined the South Carolina National Guard in 1996 and received the Combat Action Badge for service in Iraq. Wilson's brother, Julian Wilson, is co-owner of the gun manufacturer and retailer Palmetto State Armory.

Electoral history

References

External links
South Carolina Attorney General official page
Alan Wilson for Attorney General campaign site

1973 births
21st-century American politicians
American adoptees
Francis Marion University alumni
Living people
National Guard (United States) officers
South Carolina National Guard personnel
People from West Columbia, South Carolina
South Carolina Attorneys General
South Carolina lawyers
South Carolina Republicans
University of South Carolina School of Law alumni


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CryptocurrencyInvestingBanksReal Estate
Finance ·Warren Buffett
Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway sheds stocks, hints at large investment
August 14, 2015, 8:57 PM UTC
SQUAWK BOX -- Pictured: Warren Buffett, chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway in an interview on May 4, 2015 -- (Photo by: Lacy O'Toole/CNBC/NBCU Photo Bank via Getty Images)
Photograph by Lacy O'Toole — CNBC/NBCU Photo Bank via Getty Images
Aug 14 (Reuters) – Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway Inc has eliminated its stakes in National Oilwell Varco Inc and Phillips 66, and on Friday signaled it may have another large investment in the works.
The changes were disclosed in a filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission detailing Berkshire's U.S.-listed stock portfolio as of June 30.
Berkshire (BRKA) said it disclosed some information about its holdings confidentially to the SEC, which the regulator sometimes permits when Buffett is building a large new position.
Last week, Berkshire disclosed it had bought $3.09 billion of equities in the second quarter, without identifying the stocks.
(Reporting by Jonathan Stempel in New York; Editing by James Dalgleish)


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New African
Nbr. 433, October 2004
'An unencrypted email is like a letter without an envelope': "how do we know that Saddam has WMD? Because we've still got the receipts"--Bill Hicks, the late British comedian.
Author: Ankomah, Baffour
Position: Baffour's Beefs
"Imagine the scene--it is the bishop's first day in Heaven; dinner is over, he is relaxing in his room and there is a knock on the door and the Archangel Gabriel enters. "Sorry to disturb you Sir, but are you the bishop who told old Mrs Jones that there would be animals in Heaven?" "Yes," the bishop replies, "that is my firm belief." "Good," his visitor says, "the turkey you had for dinner last Christmas is outside and wants a few words with you." Well, these are not my words. The copyright is owned by a Mr Ray Smith of Faversham in Kent, England. That was his letter to The Times on 12 May 2000, urging people to stop telling fibs.
Thank God, my headline (above) is not a fib. "An unencrypted email message is like a letter without an envelope." And these are not my words either. They come from the European Union (EU), in its 194-page landmark report of 11 July 2001 "on the existence of a global system for the interception of private and commercial communications (ECHELON interception system)".
Just imagine, you and I sending a letter without an envelope down the post, and yet this letter contains some of our most sensitive messages? Would you even allow such a letter to be hand-delivered--by an intermediary--to the addressee? Have you done it before? I know you will say "No, never!". But we do it every day with our emails. Unencrypted! Each one of us! We are even worse with our telephone calls. Knowing what I know now, we say things on the phone that we shouldn't be saying on the phone. Fortunately, we now have the EU belatedly confirming that a global spy system called Echelon, operated by the US, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and their allies, has been intercepting our emails, fax, telephone and internet messages since the 1970s.
And not only that, Echelon also "steals firms" business secrets and passes them on to competitors [in the Echelon home countries] to give them an advantage. "New evidence shows that Echelon has existed since the 1970s and was greatly enlarged between 1975 and 1995," says Duncan Campbell, the British journalist and Echelon expert who was commissioned by the EU to write two seed reports in 1999 that formed the basis of the EU report of July 2001. According to him, "Echelon is a system used by the US National Security Agency (NSA) to intercept and process international communications via communications satellites. It is part of a global surveillance system that is now over 50 years old...
Dockets


Congratulations to Communicare Health Centers!
Thank you to all who came out to support our members at Communicare Health Centers for the grand opening of their newest location on the far North West Side! CommuniCare Health Centers is a full service primary healthcare system serving in Bexar, Kendall and Hays counties. They offer an array of primary care services including pediatric care, family medicine, senior care, women's health, dental, behavioral health, WIC services and specialty care.


Christina Milian is relaxing now that she's got nothing else to do and I am glad she's got nothing else to do besides wearing a bikini poolside. That's all you need to know.
If your still not sick of Marla Maples running around in a bikini then these are for you. Here is your early July 4th Independence Day present of Marla at the beach with an American flag for no apparent reason except to flaunt her patriotism. If you haven't guessed it from seeing Marla with a flag at the beach, these pictures are stage and she's also wearing the same bikini as the one she worn on her last trip to the beach, lets hope they were all taken on the same day.
To have your feet done, to have your leg done, you have to be on narcotics. You have to be on sleep aids at night. I don't know about (guitarist) Joe (Perry) but I was off and running and I didn't like the me that was me. This was a month ago, so I just put the brakes on and checked into detox and just pulled the plug on all of it.
Nice to see Steven coming to his senses and admitting to the real reason why he entered rehab even though we all knew it was drug related. Come to think of it Steven's new reason looks a lot like the reason I suggested he used.


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Thank you @betches You read my mind once again!
Currently for sale through online discount webshop Vente Exclusive is this 100% official Madonna Dolce & Gabbana shirt. Discounted from 295 euro's for only 119,90 euro's.
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Me With Attitude!…..Yeesus loves Me!


text:
George James Symons, né le  à Pimlico (Grand Londres) et mort le  à Londres, est un météorologue britannique, qui fonda et dirigea la British Rainfall Organisation, le premier réseau de données pluviométriques s'étendant à toutes les îles britanniques. Il s'occupa également de différents autres aspects de la météorologie dont son histoire et fut président de la Royal Meteorological Society. Il devint membre de la Royal Society puis fut nommé « Fellow ».

Biographie

George James Symons est né à dans le quartier Pimlico de Londres. Vers la fin des années 1850, alors qu'il avait 20 ans, il étudia à l'école des Sciences pour devenir enseignant de sciences au niveau secondaire. Son professeur de physique, John Tyndall, était conseiller auprès du Board of Trade et le recommanda à cet organisme qui l'engagea dans son département de météorologie en 1860. Ce service est l'ancêtre du service météorologique national britannique actuel dont la mission en 1860 était de colliger les données météorologiques et de faire des prévisions maritimes.

La même année, Symons publia le premier recueil annuel des précipitations au Royaume-Uni, soit les données de 168 stations météorologiques en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles. Trois années plus tard, Symons démissionna car il considérait que son patron, Robert FitzRoy, ne portait pas assez d'intérêt à la mesure des précipitations pour la prévision météorologique. Il décida donc de fonder lui-même avec un groupe de volontaire un réseau couvrant toutes les îles britanniques. Dès 1866, il put faire des cartes complètes de la distribution des précipitations au Royaume-Uni. Il poursuivit ce travail jusqu'en 1899, développant le réseau qui compta jusqu'à  :  en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles, 446 en Écosse et 188 en Irlande. En plus de ses volumes annuels de données appelés British Rainfall, il publia également des sommaires mensuels dans Meteorological Magazine.

Le travail de Symons se révéla très utile non seulement pour la prévisions météorologiques mais également aux ingénieurs pour la planification des ouvrages de génie civil et aux hydrologues pour le calcul d'évaporation et de percolation des sols. Il fit tout ce travail à titre bénévole et passa devant plusieurs comités des parlementaires pour expliquer ses résultats. Symons s'intéressa également à la foudre en boule et à l'histoire de la météorologie. Il légua d'ailleurs sa bibliothèque bien garni à la Royal Meteorological Society, dont il devint membre à l'âge de 18 ans et fut président en 1880 et en 1900. Il mourut le  et est enterré au cimetière de Kensal Green à Londres.

Distinctions
En , il fut élu Fellow de la Royal Society à cause de son travail d'auteur d'une série de volumes annuels sur la pluviométrie des îles britanniques, des publications sur les vents dans les Bermudes et Halifax (Nouvelle-Écosse), ainsi que sur les températures et des cartes hydrographiques.

Symons a été membre de plusieurs autres sociétés de météorologie, dont celles d'Écosse et d'Autralie-Asie; de la Royal Botanical Society; et il fut élu deux fois au conseil de la Société météorologique de France. En 1891, il est fait chevalier de la Légion d'honneur.

Il est aussi connu comme l'inventeur d'un type de pluviomètre capable de rapporter des taux très importants de pluies et sa participation à des améliorations pour d'autres types d'instruments météorologiques dont un thermomètre pour mesurer la radiation solaire

Une médaille d'or à sa mémoire est attribuée par la Royal Meteorological Society depuis 1901. La médaille est décernée tous les deux ans pour un travail distingué en rapport avec la science météorologique. Une représentation de la tour des Vents à Athènes apparaît au verso de cette médaille.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en août 1838
Naissance à Pimlico
Décès en mars 1900
Décès à Londres
Décès à 71 ans
Météorologue anglais
Étudiant de l'Imperial College London
Membre de la Royal Society
Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur
Personnalité inhumée au cimetière de Kensal Green
Président de la Royal Meteorological Society


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House, Senate, Snyder agree on $400 million for roads
The amount for roads will come from general fund. Film incentives to be cut to $25 million
House, Senate, Snyder agree on $400 million for roads The amount for roads will come from general fund. Film incentives to be cut to $25 million Check out this story on battlecreekenquirer.com: http://bcene.ws/1SeIyTz
Kathleen Gray Published 5:50 p.m. ET May 20, 2015
Potholes in Hamtramck(Photo: Free Press file photo)
LANSING – The House, Senate and Gov. Rick Snyder have agreed to target numbers for the state's 2015-16 budget that will cover all state departments, school districts, community colleges and universities.
While detailed numbers aren't available yet for the $54 billion budget that will begin Oct 1, a few things have become clear, including $400 million in general fund dollars for roads.
In the wake of the overwhelming defeat of a ballot proposal to, in part, fix Michigan's crumbling roads - it failed by an 80% to 20% margin - legislators recognize that something needed to be done quickly to inject some cash into making roads and bridges safer.
"We've had to reprioritize. We can't be all things to all people. There's a lot of need out there," said Sen. David Hildenbrand, R-Lowell. "We've had to make some tough decisions to reinvest in our infrastructure. You'll see reductions throughout state government."
One of the areas that will receive a cut is the $50 million originally budgeted for incentives to the film industry. That number is expected to be cut to $25 million in the target agreement signed today.
At a revenue estimating conference on Friday, the Legislature found out that $217 million in additional revenues were expected to flow into the state's coffers. Lawmakers said it would be appropriate to move that money into road repairs. The House version of the budget had allocated $160 million for roads.
Snyder said Tuesday that he hopes a more comprehensive, long-term solution can be found to fund the $1.2 billion annual projected need to get Michigan's roads into good shape.
"I hope over the summertime we can get some good some conclusion and get something done," he said. "One of the things we've done in prior years, can we look hard in the general fund dollars to put some of those aside for transportation. But until we get a long term solution, let's be thoughtful on that. That will be part of the discussion."
Contact Kathleen Gray: 517-372-8661, kgray99@freepress.com or on Twitter @michpoligal.
Read or Share this story: http://bcene.ws/1SeIyTz