text:
Black Friday crowds small, but determined, at locations throughout Spokane
UPDATED: Fri., Nov. 23, 2018
By Kip Hill kiph@spokesman.com(509) 459-5429
Bargain hunters in the Spokane area on Friday morning may have had to wait a few minutes in the predawn chill to get their hands on Black Friday deals, but those waits appeared to be the exception, not the norm.
"This is pretty docile," said Neal Powell, a Spokane Valley resident who lined up a few minutes before 7 a.m. outside the Target location on East Sprague Avenue. "They used to have those really low items to attract you. It just doesn't seem like there's as many anymore."
It was Powell's first Black Friday venture in a decade, he said, and like many other stores Target had already opened its doors Thursday night for the eager crowd. A family of three waiting at the front of the line from Wenatchee got the bad news the Razor scooter they hoped to score a deal on had already sold out the night prior.
Andrew and Julia Reese were luckier at the Fred Meyer location on Thor Street, which opened its doors at 5 a.m. to a line that stretched close to 100 people long. They were looking for a Playstation 4 video game system for their sister in Oregon and her children, but had struck out everywhere they'd visited on Thursday.
"This is our last option," Andrew Reese said.
Ahead of them in line were couple Brandy Rodgers and Nathan Johnson. Rodgers arrived at the store around 1:30 a.m. with visions of a discounted KitchenAid mixer dancing in her head.
"We finished with Christmas shopping a month ago," Nathan Johnson said. "Black Friday's for us."
The doors opened and shoppers, defying the broadcast images of the mad Black Friday dash, instead filed in one at a time past a table full of mini donuts, coffee and juice. Most made a beeline for a $49 InstaPot cooker, an item most of the early shoppers had piled into their carts. There was also a crowd around boxes full of socks and underwear of all shapes and sizes, half off for the holidays.
"These are kind of cute. They look like owls," said Heather Troglia to her sister, Amanda Boyer, as the latter picked through the offerings for a gift for her daughter.
"We come here to get socks. It's their one huge thing," Troglia said. The pair planned to continue their shopping at World Market.
Upstairs, Andrew Reese held aloft a receipt for his PS4, and Rodgers and Johnson walked to the registers with the mixer in their cart.
Some department stores were open overnight at Spokane Valley Mall, while other shops within waited to lift their metal gates until 6 a.m. That included Bath & Body Works, where sisters Bonnie Slayton and Gail Johnson waited to pick up some items for themselves.
"I said, hey sis, let's show up early," said Slayton, but even as the clock drew nearer to 6 only a few people mingled about, checking deals on their phones or sipping drinks from the food court.
Only the darkness outside and the newly hung Christmas decorations would indicate to mallgoers this wasn't a typical Friday afternoon. The younger crowd waited outside Victoria's Secret, some visitors piling into a photo booth for a group photo while others simply turned their phone cameras on themselves for a selfie.
"In the morning, we always hit this one," said Shelby Linehan, who was sitting with her friend Stephanie Bremer outside a Hollister location that promised a "Wiggity, Wiggity Wack Friday" sale. "Black Friday is wack," a sign outside the store read. "Embrace the wackness."
The friends traveled from Idaho, they said, where there weren't as many shopping options.
"I don't really pay attention to the deals," Linehan said. "It's the only mall around here."
Kevin Osborne, who lives outside Edwall, Washington, was waiting for his wife and daughter to finish their shopping in Bath & Body Works after spending a portion of the morning at Cabela's.
"I've been doing this about three years," Osborne said. "My wife, probably 10 to 15."
Osborne said he liked to get his shopping done for his three children and the rest of his family early in the season, but for him that didn't include scoping out deals on Thanksgiving, as more than a few early shoppers did around the area.
"Thanksgiving, it's been bombed," Osborne said. "With a lot of these sales happening Thursday, I think people should be home with their families."
Workers at the Huppin's electronics store on Division Street steeled themselves at a staff meeting a few minutes before 8 a.m. Friday. But when an associate walked to the door and announced he was "breaking the seal" promptly at 8, only one or two customers shuffled in toward the audio equipment and TVs.
"I'd say it was the early 2010s, when it really, really peaked," said Murray Huppin, CEO and president of the electronics store that started as a tailor shop in downtown Spokane in 1908. "Everyone knows what the deals are going to be now."
Still, Huppin said, he planned to sell a few TV sets ahead of Friday night's Apple Cup.
A couple of dozen shoppers grabbed carts outside the new Costco location on Newport Highway, just outside city limits, as workers prepared to open the doors there an hour early at 9 a.m. Among those waiting was Spokane County Commissioner Al French, who noted that the new location meant ringing registers would benefit county coffers as he prepared to buy some home security equipment on sale.
"I'm here to stimulate the economy," French joked.
Also in line were Andrew and Julia Reese, and fellow family members Ilona and Daniel Boyd. After buying their PlayStation, the family had shopped some deals at the Spokane Valley Mall, Petco (where they scored a half-price electronic dog collar) and then worked their way to the warehouse store as part of a morning of holiday spending.
Ilona Boyd was a little more cagey about what she was looking for on this stop.
"She does, but it's a present," Julia Reese said, gesturing toward Daniel Boyd. The doors rolled up, and the family was off in search of its next Black Friday trophy.
Wordcount: 1039
Published: Nov. 23, 2018, 2:57 p.m. Updated: Nov. 23, 2018, 8:46 p.m.
Tags: black friday, costco, electronics, huppins, news, shopping, spokane, spokane valley


Villa Grandissimo is a gigantic 460 m2 luxury villa, by the North Sea - only 1800 meters from the popular area of Vejlby Klit. This gigantic villa is all in one level and accomodates up to 30 people (3+3+2+2+2+2+2+2+2+2+8).
It's within walking distance of several supermarkets, café, fitness center etc. A perfect villa to rent, regardless of it being af family reunion, big celebrations or just vacation with friends or family.
When you enter Villa Grandissimo you will experience a new modern home - completely renovated in 2009 and with every facilities you desire.
A 100 m2 living room with 61' TV, designer sofas, massage chairs, home bar and a professional pool table.
You will walk on handfully selected heated italian tiles and experice modern art everywhere in the building.
There is a fussball-table and table tennis and outside you will find a basket and a petanque field.
The dining room also easily fits 30 people and also has a PLASMA-TV.
One of the best places is the secure closed outdoor terrase with luxury garden funiture in polyrattan which also fits 30 people - perfect for the outdoor BBQ in the summer. You will also find a luxury sun lounge and an outdoor kitchen and grill.
Villa Grandissimo is also located next to a football field and a large playground.
4 luxury batrooms with massage facilities in the shower.
A Swimming Pool with a Jacuzzi, Sauna, PLASMA-TV and wireless stereo.
FREE Wireless Internet og Digital TV-package with a large number of TV Channels.
FREE ACCESS TO THE FITNESS CENTER.
460 m2 villa in one level.
100 meters to 2 super markets.
Non-slippery tiles in the swimming pool area.
GIANT TV, DVD and DIGITAL TV-Package.
Nintendo Wii - incl. games.
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Applying as a Nonprofit Corporation with the Secretary of State's Office Are you a member of an organization interested in becoming a 501(c)3 nonprofit? Do you have a passion for helping people in need and a dream of forming a charitable organization? Unsure of what to do to get started? Join us as a representative from the Secretary of State's Office tells you all you need to know about the process of obtaining nonprofit status. Learn about nonprofit organizations, charitable organizations, how to file with the Secretary of State's Office, what to do after you file, and how to apply to the IRS. Nonprofit status will make your organization eligible for grants, make your organization eligible for contributions and donations that are tax-deductible to the donor, give your organization IRS-recognized legitimacy, and exemption from federal income taxes, in addition to other benefits. Don't miss out! This program is part of our 2017 nonprofit and grant writing program series which runs February-June. Registration is required for this program and opens January 1, 2017.
Black History Month I Spy Challenge Take the I Spy Challenge! Search the library for photos and mini biographies of noteworthy African Americans of West Virginia. Fill in your game sheet as you go. Turn in completed game sheets at the front desk for a prize. All ages encouraged to participate!
Snowglobe Crafts Week All week long we will have crafts themed around snowglobes. Come in and get creative!
Laura Ingalls Wilder 150th Birthday Party Join us for a party on the prairie to honor Laura Ingalls Wilder's 150th birthday! Expect frontier style fun, including crafts, games, entertainment, and refreshments. Compete with other Little House fans in a trivia contest. Bring your most festive bonnet to this celebration geared for adults. Registration is not required, but is appreciated.


Now many young parents are thinking about the child's education gold arrangement after the baby is born. I don't know that the most important thing for the baby is not education insurance. You should buy the protection product on the basis of perfecting the social medical insurance. Serious illness and so on.
Below are a few examples that happened to me.
1, this year our Qingcao Service Department received two cases, all of which were schoolchildren who died of brain tumors. The parents of the two children were in grief and had to bear huge medical expenses because the two children were not only medically There is no insurance insurance for serious illnesses other than Xueping Insurance.
2, I have a colleague's baby who was in the first grade this year, but she has had a history of leukemia for many years, and she has to be treated every year, although the country now has a lot of reimbursement for leukemia children, but the children's Who can share the pain for her?
3, I took my baby in the hospital this summer, and I have more babies in the hospital. The most serious thing is that a baby has a tumor at birth, lives in an incubator, and inserts an oxygen tube. I saw all my heart.
Through several cases happening around you can clearly see that the current major diseases are not the patents of adults, especially the elderly, the ageing is becoming more and more serious, and it is imperative to buy a baby with a serious illness!


text:
Zänker ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Eberhard Zänker (* 1935), deutscher Kulturhistoriker und Biograf
 Heinrich Zänker (1902–1984), deutscher Ruderer
 Jan Zänker (* 1976), deutscher Schriftsteller und Lyriker
 Otto Zänker (1876–1960), deutscher evangelischer Theologe

Der Zänker ist der Beiname folgender Personen:
 Ludwig X. (Frankreich) (1289–1316), König von Navarra und König von Frankreich
 Heinrich II. (Bayern) (951–995), Herzog von Bayern und Kärnten

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
30 years later and still one of the greater-The 1991 East Texas State Lions
Brian / September 9, 2021
30 football seasons ago, one of the best group of football players strapped on the blue and gold of then-East Texas State and for the second straight year and third time in 4 years, made a run for the NCAA National Championship in Division II. Expectations were high, as the previous year ET had gone 10-3 and went undefeated in conference play by going 7-0. Eddie Vowell's first two seasons were rough, but he had found a way to return ET back to it's winning ways. From the 1988-1990, he had gone 22-11 and won two LSC Coach of the Year awards. He had brought back a mean defense and a potent offense led by All-American and Lion great Bob Bounds. He also had found some JUCO transfers that would become great Lions and eventual NFL players like Curtis Buckley. This group is one of the best to ever represent our football program, and a team that easily could have been national champions.
On Offense, the Lions had not just one, but two tremendous Quarterbacks. Bob Bounds had proven himself as the main man, but his backup was the always ready Mike Meador, who as a backup, was named all conference. The running game of Gary Perry and David Chapman, the receiving core was explosive led by Brian Harp, Eddie Tennison, Billy Minor, and Aaron Postert. The Offensive line was led by the greats Jim White and Dwayne Phorne, and also solid lineman such as David Gaskamp, Earl Bell, and Joseph Showell. This offense was totally loaded.
The defense was led a truly stout and amazing group of talent. Eric Turner, Micah Haley, Curtis Buckley, Joe Brookins, Jimmy Hooker, Finis Turner, Duane Hicks, Kevin Oblander, and Terrance Tolliver. Those guys were an absolute terror on defense and one of the best to ever wear the Blue Gang moniker, all led by the great Defensive Coordinator Mark Copeland. It was a top 5 defense in the nation for all 13 weeks they played.
Special teams had Lion great Billy Watkins, who had proved himself as a Freshman and was a sure thing on field goals regardless of distance and also on PAT's.
The Lions started out the season by blowing out Livingston 44-6, then the Pittsburg State Gorillas, defending national finalists with a 56 game regular season winning streak, came to Commerce. All it took was two touchdown runs by Gary Perry and David Chapman, two field goals by Billy Watkins, and Curtis Buckley knocking out Pitt State QB Brian Hutchins with a broken collar bone to take down the top ranked Gorillas. The Lions vaulted to # 4, but then dropped two heartbreakers, once to a Division I Northwestern Louisiana State, and then a real head scratcher against Southern Arkansas. Then, 3 wins later over Central Oklahoma, Wayne State, and the hated Hoggies of Texas A&I, their first road win over the Hogs since 1982, put the Lions back into the top 20. A trip to Portales, New Mexico was a disaster as the Lions lost control of their own destiny by losing by a late field goal to Eastern New Mexico, 17-14. They rebounded by routing Abilene Christian 37-3, but then completely lost a chance to repeat as LSC champions by the virtue of a 39-39 tie against Angelo State. A win against the Rams would have given the Lions a tie for first place and a first repeat of conference titles since the 58-59 season. The Lions then routed Cameron to end the regular season, and awaited their postseason fate.
On a closed circuit TV in the old T-Lounge, The Lions anxiously wondered if their overall body of work would put them in the NCAA postseason and it did. Not only did it put them in, the Lions would be hosting a playoff game for the first time since joining the NCAA 9 years earlier, and would be hosting the team that they beat in the first round the previous year, Grand Valley State. The Lions ran out to a 31-7 lead en route to a 36-15 win. Gary Perry ran for two touchdowns while Bob Bounds ran for another and Mike Meador threw a 48 yard TD pass as the Lions defense, led by Curtis Buckley and Eric Turner made huge plays to demoralize the Lakers and send the Lions back to the NCAA National Quarterfinals.
The Lions returned to Pittsburg, Kansas for a matchup with long time foe Pitt State. The game started out horribly, but the Lions made a hard run to score 28 unanswered points and bring the Lions within a score at Division II's toughest venue, but a long touchdown drive by PSU sealed the game and for the second straight year, the Lions bowed out as National Quarterfinalists. Pitt State would win the NCAA D2 Championship 3 weeks later, and the closest anyone got to beating them was the ET Lions.
The 1991 team is one of the most talented but least celebrated teams. This is a great team that almost brought Commerce it's second national title, and no other team had come closer than the 1980 team did in the NAIA. Many believe if the Lions had started the second round game with PSU better, the 1991 Lions would have a mural on the outside of Ernest Hawkins Field at Memorial Stadium as national champions, and there is an excellent argument for that.
The 1991 Lions had 7 All-Americans, 10 LSC First Team performers, 3 LSC Second team performers, and 10 LSC Honorable Mention selections, and Eddie Vowell was doing in the NCAA what Ernest Hawkins had done in the NAIA, made the Lions perennial contenders. Many players played in the NFL, CFL, and the Arena Leagues. This was a great team, and 30 years later, they are still one of the best to wear the blue and gold, call the roll, and sing "Hail ET" at the end of games.
September 9, 2021 in Lion Football, Lion History.
5 Game Balls-Eastern New Mexico
← Blue Gang Notebook: Lion Defense vs. Mustang Offense
# 7 Texas A&M-Commerce Lions VS Midwestern State Mustangs-Storylines, Starters, and Stuff You Need To Know. →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Published 04/23/2019 12:34:42 pm at 04/23/2019 12:34:42 pm in Tree Nursery Longmont.
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10/22/09 Was D-Day! Weighed in at ummmm... 278! OUCH!
December Pizza Night. (Friend comes back in town... Group of us gets together and eats at a great local PIZZA place.
After recovering from being sick I started back running. I am running 3 times a week doing intervals while I get used to running. Plan to do a 5K in the Spring.
I know the week after I get my nose fixed I will hardly be eating since the pain meds make me sick... I lose 10-15 the weeks following any operation.
So Lets Try This One More Time!
Good luck man. That's a big number. Make it that other number and you'll feel alot better.
I'll sit here in my slovenly lethargy to give you encouragement.
Good luck Darth. Try to fit in more exercise. As for eating right, the holidays are upon us. When a party or a dinner out is scheduled I just try to make it up earlier in the day by eating less and maybe working out a bit more if time is available. You still have to keep it sensible. And if you want a beer make sure to make it a light beer. Diet is deprivation. If you take away everything you really like I think you will have a harder time sticking with it. It does not have to be an "all or nothing" deal. Slow and steady. Keep us posted.
Good luck Darth. Try to fit in more exercise.
+1. In my opinion and experience, 3 days a week just doesnt cut it. 5 days a week for a solid hour, results will come quickly.
Amen to that. Always a struggle for sure but never give up tiring!!!!
I CAN NOT run more then every other day. Arthritic feet would be in bad shape.
I'm going to have to respectfully disagree with you here. If I am going to blow a diet or eating trend on a beer it better be a darn good beer. The only light beer that comes close is Sam Light. Gonna blow it? Blow it good on one beer.
Good luck Darth. I just recently added weights to my running. Soreness is sometimes fun, sometimes not.
I did good avoiding my favorite take out last week and only make pizza here at home. Nothing like Zucchini and Spinach to make a pizza lower cal and more filling.
Getting into the habit is always the hardest part for me. The winter is a good time to start a workout program as come spring we can look trim and mean..


adds Dutch Champion to his titles!
In Amsterdam this past Saturday at the prestigious Amsterdam Winner Show Multi Champion Siljan´s my Man added the title of Dutch Champion to his pedigree. Judge Mr. Spruyt Dirk (B) awarded him CAC, CACIB, BOB with the Crufts invitation ticket for 2008 & 2009. He was also selected as Res. Best in Group by Judge F. Kane (GB). Well done Manne! Manne was handled by Mrs. Catherine de Maaschalck.
Thanks Cat for the excellent results.


2. Add in the leeks and blanch them for 2-4 minutes, until soft. Drain well, squeezing out any excess moisture.
3. Pour the cream into a large, non-stick pan. Bring to the boil and cook briskly until reduced by half.
4. Stir the leeks into the reduced cream and cook until the leeks are evenly coated and no liquid gathers on the bottom of the pan.
5. Season with salt and freshly ground pepper. Serve at once.


The NPTC Institute's Private Fleet Management Institute in Jacksonville is a five-day intensive educational program offering courses on Fleet Finance, Operations, Legal, Regulatory and Safety Compliance, Human Resources, Maintenance and Equipment. For 2016, the PFMI is scheduled for January 16-20 at the Omni Jacksonville Hotel.
The program has been revised and updated to meet the demanding needs of today's private fleet professional. It's also an excellent resource for those studying to take the CTP Examination scheduled for February each year at some 40 locations across the country.


LEWISBERRY >> Chambersburg's softball team started well and ended well Tuesday afternoon.
The Trojans scored four runs in the first and final innings in order to secure an 8-1 victory over Red Land in a Mid Penn Commonwealth Division game.
"We got off to a quick start again," Chambersburg co-coach Ted Bittinger said. "That's the last two games that we've been able to jump out like that."
Caeley Etter and Chelsea Sommerville got things started for the Trojans (5-3, 4-3 MPC) with back-to-back singles. Lily Nolan then drove in a run, and Tara Harmon hit a sacrifice fly to plate Sommerville. Alexis Shearer then drew a walk, and Leah Hunt came up with her second home run in as many games to quickly take a 4-0 lead. She now has four homers this season.
"It was a really good defensive game through the middle of the game," Bittinger said. "There was a couple of nice defensive plays for both teams – Lex Shearer made a nice running catch in centerfield, and there was a nice throw-out at third. But we were able to come back and get some insurance runs that took some of the air out of their sails."
Chambersburg also got a splendid pitching performance from Laken Myers. She allowed just three hits in the complete-game victory. She gave up only one earned run, struck out four and walked five.
"Laken did a really decent job through all seven innings," Bittinger said. "Two of the five walks came in the final inning, but her walks were scattered out, so having only three hits, it didn't hurt her any."
Etter and Sommerville both finished 2-for-4.
W — Laken Myers (3-1); L — Munns.
2B — (C) Caeley Etter; HR — (C) Leah Hunt (4); SB — (C) Etter, (RL) 2.
JV — Chambersburg 12, Red Land 2. Kirsten Pugh hit a 2-run double, Dori Loukopoulos hit a solo home run, Tierra Kauffman hit a double and an RBI triple and Taryn Brookens had an RBI single. Emma Carbaugh was the winning pitcher, allowing 3 hits in 5 innings.


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The Froebel gifts () are educational play materials for young children, originally designed by Friedrich Fröbel for the first kindergarten at Bad Blankenburg. Playing with Froebel gifts, singing, dancing, and growing plants were each important aspects of this child-centered approach to education. The series was later extended from the original six to at least ten sets of gifts.

Description

The Sunday Papers () published by Fröbel between 1838–1840 explained the meaning and described the use of each of his six initial "play gifts" (): "The active and creative, living and life producing being of each person, reveals itself in the creative instinct of the child. All human education is bound up in the quiet and conscientious nurture of this instinct of activity; and in the ability of the child, true to this instinct, to be active."

Between May 1837 and 1850, the Froebel gifts were made in Bad Blankenburg in the principality of Schwarzburg Rudolstadt, by master carpenter Löhn, assisted by artisans and women of the village. In 1850, production was moved to the Erzgebirge region of the Kingdom of Saxony in a factory established for this purpose by S F Fischer.

Fröbel also developed a series of activities ("occupations") such as sewing, weaving, and modeling with clay, for children to extend their experiences through play. Ottilie de Liagre in a letter to Fröbel in 1844 observed that playing with the Froebel gifts empowers children to be lively and free, but people can degrade it into a mechanical routine.

Each of the first five gifts was assigned a number by Fröbel in the Sunday Papers, which indicated the sequence in which each gift was to be given to child.

Gift 1 (infant)
The first gift is a soft ball or yarn ball in solid color, which is the right size for the hand of a small child. When attached to a matching string, the ball can be moved by a mother in various ways as she sings to the child. Although Fröbel sold single balls, they are now usually supplied in sets of six balls consisting of the primary colors: red, yellow, and blue; as well as the secondary colors: purple, green, and orange. These soft balls can be squashed in the hand, and they revert to their original shapes.

The first gift was intended by Fröbel to be given to very young children. His intention was that, through holding, dropping, rolling, swinging, hiding, and revealing the balls, the child may acquire knowledge of objects and spatial relationships, movement, speed and time, color and contrast, and weights and gravity.

Gift 2 (1–2 years)
The second gift originally consisted of two wooden objects, a sphere and a cube. Fröbel called this gift "the child's delight", since he observed the joy of each child discovering the differences between the sphere and cube.

The child is already familiar with the shape of the wooden sphere, which is the same as the ball of the first gift. The wooden sphere always looks the same when viewed from any direction. Like the child, the wooden sphere is always on the move. When rolled on a hard surface, the wooden sphere produces sounds. In contrast, the wooden cube is the surprise of the second gift. It remains where it is placed and from each direction presents a different appearance.

The second gift was developed to enable a child to explore and enjoy the differences between shapes. By attaching a string or inserting a rod in a hole drilled through these wooden geometric shapes, they can be spun by a child. Although the sphere always appears the same, the spinning cube reveals many shapes when spun in different ways. This led Fröbel to later include a wooden cylinder in the second gift, which may also be spun in many different ways.

Gift 3 (2–3 years)
The familiar shape of the cube is now divided into eight identical beechwood cubes, about one inch along each edge, which is a convenient size for the hand of a small child. A child delights in pulling apart this gift, rearranging the eight cubes in many ways, and then reassembling them in the form of a cube. This is the first building gift.

Gift 4 (2–3 years)
This second building gift at first appears the same as in Gift 3. But a surprise awaits the child when the pieces are pulled apart. Each of these eight identical beechwood blocks is a rectangular plank, twice as long and half the width of the cubes of the previous gift. Many new possibilities for play and construction arise due to these differences.

Gift 5 (3–4 years)
This building gift consists of more cubes, some of which are divided in halves or quarters.

Gift 6 (4–5 years)
A set of more complex wooden blocks that includes cubes, planks, and triangular prisms.

Influence
Froebel gifts were adapted by Caroline Pratt for the school which she founded in 1913 in the Greenwich Village district of New York City. This school embodied a child-centered approach to education. Children worked together to reconstruct their experiences through play. Based on the ideas of Friedrich Fröbel, the curriculum was drawn from the environment of the child; observations about the neighborhood inspired each child to reflect on their world directly so that they could make sense of their experiences.

Joachim Liebschner commented in his book, A Child's Work: Freedom and Guidance in Froebel's Educational Theory and Practice "Realising how the Gifts were eventually misused by Kindergarten teachers who followed after Fröbel, it is important to consider what Fröbel expected the gifts to achieve. He envisaged that the Gifts will teach the child to use his (or her) environment as an educational aid; secondly, that they will give the child an indication of the connection between human life and life in nature; and finally that they will create a bond between the adult and the child who play with them"

Fröbel's building forms and movement games were forerunners of abstract art as well as a source of inspiration to the Bauhaus movement.  Many modernist architects were exposed as children to Fröbel's ideas about geometry, including Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, and Buckminster Fuller. Wright was given a set of the Froebel blocks at about age nine, and in his autobiography he cited them indirectly in explaining that he learned the geometry of architecture in kindergarten play:  Wright later wrote, "The virtue of all this lay in the awakening of the child-mind to rhythmic structures in Nature… I soon became susceptible to constructive pattern evolving in everything I saw."

Current availability
Froebel gifts continue to be used in early childhood education in Korea and Japan, where they are made from local timber.

Reproduction sets can be ordered via the Internet.

See also
Alphabet blocks (ABC blocks)
Montessori sensorial materials
Unit block
Waldorf doll

References

External links
 Play is the work of children
 Friedrich Froebel website
 Froebel Web
 Froebel USA
 Online links to Froebel educational resources
 Link to paper by Quinn which includes detailed descriptions and color photographs

Early childhood education materials
Construction toys
Educational toys
Wooden toys
Mathematical manipulatives


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The FI unit continuously works on strengthening Bankmed's correspondent banking network and trade finance business in order to accommodate the clientele's individual needs in various areas such as Correspondent Banking, Trade Finance, Clearing Services, Treasury Services, Brokerage, Custody, etc., in virtually every corner of the globe.
Bankmed's Treasury offers you an expansive range of focused financial solutions that best suit your business needs. Our services and products cover a well-diversified asset classes and provide coverage of both local and regional markets. We also help you with your hedging and financial exposures and offer you structured and custom-made investment products. In addition, our Online Trading Platforms enable you to conduct your FX and trading activities using downloadable, web-based, and mobile applications.


Uwell - Crown 3 Coils has a rating of 4.8 stars based on 27 reviews.
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text:
using System;

namespace Calculator_CSharp.Models
{
    public class Calculator
    {
        public decimal LeftOperand { get; set; }
        public decimal RightOperand { get; set; }
        public String Operator { get; set; }
        public decimal Result { get; set; }

        public Calculator ()
        {
            this.Result = 0;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


"Rush, rush, rush!" The world chants, drawing you in. Hurry and get things done, waste no time, get it all done so you don't have to worry about it anymore, get it done so you will be successful and feel as if you have accomplished something. Rush, rush, rush!
I've been feeling like this lately. The garden is growing up, chores are always waiting to be done, my freshman year coming to an end. Not to mention photography shoots (photographed my first event this week!) and babysitting.
In the midst of it all, I need to learn to look around me, to realize that there are precious lives I have the chance to invest in. I'm rushing to get things done so I can spend time with my family, so I can have a few months of a good break, but during the rush time I still need to be able to step back, and just breathe.
"Many are the plans in the mind of a man, but it is the purpose of the LORD that will stand."
ps: speaking of getting things done, I am like almost done with school. (just a little bit of math left) eeeek!!
I love that picture of the hangerss!!!
love your pictures! are you going to post pictures of the event you photographed?
yes! I am, thanks for asking!
Poor thing...do ten lessons a day..it helps. ha, that's what I did. I read like one history book everyday and then did ten lessons of math everyday. Believe me, I was up late and up early. =P but it's totally worth it.
I'm excited about school though, because I'm trying to graduate next year...YAY!!!
So today I am so in that mood again!! RAL I love how my moods change every other second.
great post. that's something i can relate to a lot. luv your blog.


check out the gravestones, seriously!
We made our way down the meandering, sloping path to our route which would take us through the woods past the Deer Park and hugging the Forth all the way along into Blackness. Snuggy was in a playful mood finding countless sticks and plastic bottles. The woods were really stunning with countless flowers in bloom and the birds were twittering away.
We carried on our way and, as the tide was out, rather than keeping to the path we took a detour down onto the beach and followed the shore along to the castle. Snuggy, as is her wont, found a ball within 10 seconds of her paws touching sand. She had great fun chasing the ball to the patch of grass beside the castle where we would have lunch.
Our picnic consisted of a packet of plain crisps, a banana, a tunnocks caramel wafer and some Schmackos. Guess who had what! Snuggy succeeded in getting some more humans to play with her (she shares the love) and met two new doggy pals, Charlie and Honey. We enjoyed the view across to Fife taking in Charlestown, Limekilns, Rosyth dockyard and the Bridges.
Too soon it was time to head back to Abercorn and the car, the return trip was fairly uneventful and we managed to dodge a few cyclists on the way.
If you are interested in following in the pawprints of the Wagtime crew click here for details of the walk (we did it in reverse). Round trip took approximately 3 hours but we did play a lot and took a while over our luxury picnic;-) Distance 4 miles - so just a wee dauner really by our usual standards.
The nearby Duddingston Arms at Newton, is apparently dog friendly though we didn't check it out this trip.
Looks a bit warmer this time!!
I love Snuggy posing for the picts!!
Wow, that beach looks amazing!
If you think that beach is good, wait til I post pictures of Fife Beaches. You ain't seen nothing yet:-) btw you'd never think you were just down the road from Grangemouth on that walk.


text:
Friends of Central Skagit Library
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You can make contributions to benefit specific programs or for the general fund, which is dispersed to the library as deemed appropriate by the members of the Friends of Central Skagit Library.
Checks can be made out to Friends of Central Skagit Library and mailed to 705 Metcalf Street, Sedro-Woolley, WA 98284, or dropped off at the library.
We also accept used books, which are then offered to the general public in return for donations to support the group. The Friends also facilitate the donation of goods and services from businesses to the library, for example, special prizes for summer reading programs.
October Is Water Month at the Library
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To advance and encourage appreciation, understanding, enjoyment, and public use of the educational and cultural facilities of the Central Skagit Library, and to partner with other groups to enhance our community's cultural activities.
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text:
MERRILL'S MARAUDERS, 1944
Special Operations Spearhead
By David C. Isby	- March 25, 2020
The Ledo road, built from India to China, across northern Burma, was made possible by the results of the 1944 campaign
Series: Special Operations Outlook 2019
Part 1: Exclusive: Special Operations Outlook 2019 Digital Edition
Part 2: Interview With Rear Adm. Collin P. Green, Commander, Naval Special Warfare Command
Part 3: Interview with Lt. Gen. Francis M. Beaudette, Commanding General, U.S. Army Special Operations Command
Part 4: USSOCOM Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics
Part 5: SHOT 2019 A Glimpse Behind the Curtain
Part 6: MARSOC An Agile Force Adapts to New Challenges
Part 7: THE 2019 WARRIOR GAMES ''Be Inspired''
Part 8: USSOCOM WARRIOR CARE PROGRAM
Part 9: From "SOCOM 'Iron Man' Suit" To Hyper Enabled Operator
Part 10: United States Special Operations Forces Artificial Intelligence Transformation
Part 11: MERRILL'S MARAUDERS, 1944
Part 12: International Special Operations Forces Strategic Shift Toward State-on-State Unconventional Warfare
Journalists called them Merrill's Marauders. Officially, they were the 5307th Composite Unit (Provisional). To the transportation planners, they were Shipment 1688. Operationally, they were Galahad Force. The story of their campaign in the jungles of northern Burma showed the capabilities of this improvised force of American soldiers. They gained surprise by undertaking seemingly impossible marches through mountainous jungle and defeated numerically superior forces of the Imperial Japanese Army that previously had an aura of invincibility in jungle warfare. They gained and held their objective despite too few supplies, too much disease, planners that did not understand special operations forces (SOF) and, in the end, exhaustion. Some 75 years after they became the U.S. Army's largest special operations force to be
sent into battle in World War II, this unit – intended to last only for one 90-day combat mission – is part of the heritage of today's Rangers.
The Road to Burma
The 5307th originated at the August 1943 Quebec Conference of the Anglo-American political and military leadership. The charismatic British Brigadier Orde Wingate described how he had organized the Chindits, SOF light infantry, and infiltrated behind Japanese lines in Burma. Politicians, generals, and public alike were hungry for news of victories from the China-Burma-India (CBI) theater of war, where there had been little except defeats.
Wingate offered hope of success in the CBI in 1944. President Franklin Roosevelt committed to send ground combat units to fight under Wingate. The chief of the U.S. Army Air Forces, Gen. Henry "Hap" Arnold, enabled the formation and deployment of what became the Air Commandos to support Wingate. The difficult coalition command relationships in the CBI – where U.S., British, and Chinese Nationalist strategic interests all widely differed – made it imperative that the United States have "boots on the ground" in Burma.
The U.S. Army pulled together a force of volunteers, mixing combat-tested infantrymen that had fought the Japanese on Guadalcanal and in New Guinea, and others, jungle-trained, from garrisons in the Panama Canal Zone and Caribbean, with shortfalls made up from Army correctional facilities. A provisional force, intended for only one mission, its personnel arrived with no official commander or staff, no shared loyalties, no shoulder insignia, no colors, and limited cohesion. Few in the U.S. Army had any experience or knew about special operations, whether Wingate's or any other model.
U.S. Army Gen. Joseph Stilwell was tasked with keeping China in the war. He was openly hostile to the British, the Chinese Nationalist, and the Army Air Forces leadership; his nickname was "Vinegar Joe." There were no U.S. Army combat units in the CBI, although Stilwell had asked for infantry divisions. The CBI was the lowest priority for the U.S. Army, at the end of a supply line running halfway around the world. Everything, not just combat units, was scarce.
The British, planning to launch another Chindit offensive (supported by U.S. Air Commandos), were primarily concerned with defending India against a Japanese offensive. Stilwell insisted that no U.S. ground combat units would fight under Wingate; he wanted these soldiers in north Burma to, in effect, spearhead an offensive by Chinese units based in India to open up a new land route to China. Since the Japanese had overrun the original Burma Road to China in 1942, U.S. transport aircraft based in India had been China's only link to the Allies, flying over the Himalayas on a route that their crews called "The Hump."
Colonel Charles Hunter, commanding officer of the 5307th, points a stick to orient General Stilwell, who has just flown into Myitkyina airfield the day it was taken, 17 May 1944
In October 1943, two months after the Quebec Conference, Shipment 1688 disembarked in India and started three months of training. Its three battalions were organized Chindit-style: a total of six color-coded combat teams, with machine guns and mortars but no artillery, and with limited logistical and medical support. All movement would be by foot, leading the vital pack horses and mules acquired locally after the ship carrying their own mules was torpedoed. Air liaison officers would accompany the 5307th; they would rely on airdrops for resupply and light aircraft for casualty evacuation.
Unlike the Chindits, the 5307th, under Stilwell's Northern Combat Area Command, would seize and hold an objective: the airfield at Myitkyina, the key to northern Burma and a vital way station on both the air and ground routes from India to China. But while the Chindits that trained the 5307th assumed that, like them, they would remain in combat no longer than 90 days before withdrawing, sustained combat was implicit in Stillwell's plans. Also, unlike the Chindits, they would be called on to spearhead an offensive by Chinese units, though they were not told this at the time.
In January, they officially became the 5307th. Col. Charles Hunter, who had trained and organized the unit, was replaced by an official commanding officer and now became second in command. Brig. Gen. Frank Merrill had been an enlisted soldier before going to West Point. A trained staff officer and a speaker of Japanese, he had been in Burma at the time of the invasion in 1942, working with both the British and Chinese. But Merrill had no experience with SOF or commanding units in combat. His story – the U.S. Army to take the offensive in Burma – was amplified by the press. Merrill's Marauders became a household name before firing a shot.
Walawbum
The 5307th left their training camp on Jan. 24, to move to their jumping-off point in northern Burma. On Feb. 24, the 5307th, some 2,750 strong, moved out toward their first objective, the village of Walawbum.
The 5307th would turn Japanese hammer-and-anvil tactics, near-unbeatable in 1941-42, against them, making a flank envelopment march through thick jungle to get behind them. They would be the anvil. The hammer would be provided by Chinese 22nd and 38th Divisions, attacking down the Hukawng valley on the eastern flank of the jungle-covered Kumon Range mountains.
It took up to 10 days of hard marching before the 5307th took up blocking positions on the Kaimang Road near Walawbum. The U.S. Organization of Strategic Services (OSS) Detachment 101 led indigenous Kachin fighters to help defeat Japanese patrols while the 5307th made effective use of their three intelligence and reconnaissance (I&R) platoons and volunteer U.S. Army Nisei (Japanese-American) interpreters. "Some of the most valuable men in our outfit were the Nisei Japanese interpreters," wrote John M. Jones, an infantry officer with the 5307th. "Once, an interpreter caused the Japanese to attack into a trap by shouting orders to them.
US Army 75mm pack howitzer in Burma. In 1944, two of these were airlifted to the 5307th to help them defend Nhpum Gah
Japanese attempts to break through the 5307th were defeated by accurate rifle fire and air support. By March 7, the Chinese were able to move into positions near Walawbum. The 5307th resupplied with airdrops. The Japanese 18th Division had been dealt a painful defeat and withdrew. The 5307th learned, Jones wrote, "The Japanese is no suicide soldier – he will run and retreat if surrounded, and once you get him on the run he is not nearly so effective."
The 5307th's Advance
On March 8, the Japanese launched their long-awaited offensive from Burma into India. This meant that the 5307th could rely on only intermittent air support, as resupply, reconnaissance, and close air support sorties were allocated to these decisive battles. At the same time, Wingate launched his Chindit offensive, in which the 5307th had been intended to participate. The Chindits operated against Japanese supply lines, but battle and disease resulted in heavy casualties, including Wingate himself, who was killed in an air crash.
Starting on March 12, the 5307th advanced over the Jambu Bum Ridge into the Mogaung Valley, which led to the great Irrawaddy River that flowed past Myitkyina. The 5307th marched through increasingly rough terrain. One battalion crossed the ridge, spearheading a Chinese force, and blocked the Kamaing Road, the main Japanese supply line, near the village of Shaduzup, which they took after a battle on March 28. The OSS-led Kachins, operating independently, helped defeat Japanese patrols. The other two battalions of the 5307th, after a lengthy enveloping march, set up their blocking positions near the village on Inkangahtawng. The Japanese launched frontal attacks, trying desperately to break through. The 5307th, supported by airstrikes, held the line, though ammunition ran low.
Kachins with pack animals in a local village.
The Fight for Nhpum Ga
Stilwell and his staff were impressed by the 5307th's defeat of numerically superior Japanese forces (the jungle terrain had prevented them from bringing their greater numbers into combat). With no U.S. Army infantry regiments or divisions within thousands of miles, they committed the 5307th to sustained infantry combat.
The 5307th was ordered to withdraw on March 25 to block a Japanese counterattack aimed at the Chinese forces. The 5307th's 2nd Battalion, ordered to defend the village of Nhpuhm Ga, narrowly out-marched the Japanese to get there first. The attacks on the 5307th's hastily prepared perimeter defenses started in earnest on March 29.
The siege of Nhpum Ga lasted until mid-April. The defenders – with two pack howitzers flown in from India – were aided by the rest of the 5307th attacking Japanese supply lines and hitting the besiegers from their rear. The Japanese withdrew on April 9; Nhpum Ga was held.
"The 5307th – all three battalions, just about to a man – was beginning to wear out", Lt. Carlton Ogburn, a communications officer with the 5307th, wrote. After Nhpum Ga, the 5307th was never the same. Casualties from disease outnumbered those from combat; it was now down to 1,600 men. Airdrops provided resupply, but there was rarely enough to eat, even of the unpalatable K-ration packs. Casualties, including Merrill, who had suffered a heart attack, were evacuated by U.S. light aircraft. Hunter re-assumed command.
Myitkyina: Key to Northern Burma
Stilwell wanted each one of the 5307th's three battalions to spearhead Chinese or Kachin forces in an overland attack on Myitkyina before the monsoon rains curtailed air operations. This would require crossing the 6,500-foot Naura Hkyet pass, marching across the Kumon Mountains while, further south, the Chindits, put under Stilwell's command, would block Japanese communications. Stilwell promised the 5307th's officers that, once Myitkyina was captured, they would be flown back to India. Merrill, though not recovered, returned to help plan the operation.
Bofors gun crew of the Royal Artillery on alert at Myitkyina airfield. These gunners had to fight as infantry alongside the 5307th
Starting on April 28, the 5307th marched on Myitkyina, guided by Kachins over mountain trails that did not appear on Japanese maps. Pack mules that stumbled plummeted to their deaths. It required great exertion from soldiers already weakened through lack of food and, increasingly, wracked with dysentery. Despite this, Hunter and the first of the three columns arrived within striking distance of Myitkyina on May 16. Patrols confirmed that the Japanese were unprepared; they had not thought infantry could cross the mountains. Hunter decided to attack while he had the element of surprise.
The attack on Myitkyina airfield on the morning of May 17 was a complete success. Hunter radioed for reinforcements. The soldiers were ready to fly back to India: Mission accomplished. But when Hunter committed Chinese forces to take the town of Myitkyina, the Japanese defenders stopped them cold, and there was no U.S. or British infantry that could be flown in to exploit success. The first airlifts brought in U.S. engineers and British air defense gunners to consolidate Myitkyina airfield. But these had to be committed, alongside the 5307th and the Chinese, to fight a desperate defensive battle as the Japanese, now reinforced, launched a counterattack to recapture the airfield.
The battle to hold the airfield continued through May 21-31. Merrill collapsed again, returning Hunter to command. The 5307th was attrited away through intense defensive fighting. Sick soldiers were taken from their hospital beds in India and flown to the defense of Myitkyina airfield, gaining time for the arrival of Chinese reinforcements, including artillery, and another improvised unit of U.S. infantry replacements, designated the New Galahad Force.
Air evacuation by light aircraft were a lifeline for the 5307th's casualties. Here, Kachins carry a casualty to a Stinson L-1 while its NCO pilot waits
By the end of May, of the 1,310 men of the 5307th that had marched over the mountains to Myitkyina airfield, more than half had been evacuated. The remainder were collapsing from exhaustion and disease and were, according to James E.T. Hopkins, one of their medical officers, "Disgusted by the failure of Generals Merrill and Stilwell to meet them in small groups or as a unit to express some gratitude to them and their dead or seriously wounded or sick comrades."
After weeks of close combat and trench warfare, Myitkyina town was finally taken in August. Hunter had only some 200 men of the 5307th left with him on the ground. These were used as a cadre for U.S. replacements and New Galahad, becoming the 475th Infantry Regiment, which continued offensive operations in northern Burma. The new Ledo Road to China was completed. U.S. transport aircraft staged through Myitkyina. China was kept in the war, despite a powerful Japanese offensive in 1945.
By the time the 5307th was officially disbanded in August, it had suffered more than 80 percent casualties, mainly from disease. Hunter was relieved and sent home by slow boat. Charlton Ogden, a lieutenant in the 5307th, wrote that what he remembered of its victories was, "The hunger, the exhaustion, the drenchings, the disease, the sores, the denial of every comfort and amenity." Its volunteer soldiers, poorly supplied, went as far as they could – Myitkyina airfield – carried by their motivation to fight and devotion to not letting their buddies down.
Wounded from the 5307th and other Allied units are taken in local transport to waiting US Army Air Force C-47s for air evacuation to India
A Legacy for SOF
The legacy of the 5307th became a battle in itself. For decades, however much they admired the taking of Myitkyina, what the Army's leadership remembered was the unit's eventual exhaustion. The Army decided to disband its wartime special operations units. Rebuilding this capability was slow, starting in the 1950s with Special Forces, built on the model of OSS Detachment 101. The Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol (LRRP) companies, redesignated in 1969, and the 75th Ranger Regiment, formed in the 1980s, were perceptive in taking their heritage from the 5307th, along with the Army's wartime Ranger battalions.
The 75th Ranger Regiment number was itself an homage to the unit that the 5307th became. The 5307th's personnel were retroactively awarded the coveted Ranger tabs, earned in battle. The six color-coded combat teams of the 5307th are commemorated by the stripes in the 75th Regiment's heraldry. Like the Rangers, the 5307th did indeed "lead the way," spearheading the advance of larger but less capable and motivated Chinese units.
Today's Rangers are well trained and equipped professionals. The 5307th were hastily trained volunteers, three months of training in India inadequate preparation to turn them into a cohesive unit. Yet they carried out demanding sustained offensive operations, able to use their ability to maneuver to gain the element of surprise. The 5307th's taking of Myitkyina airfield was a forerunner of today's Rangers' missions to seize high-value objectives.
Kachin fighting men, led by OSS Detachment 101 personnel, operated independently from the 5307th for most of the 1944 campaign, but played a critical role as guides and by defeating Japanese patrols.
Communications problems, shortage of in-theater resources, lack of shared understanding between the 5307th and Stilwell and his staff: these all contributed to unrealistic expectations and the ultimate failure to provide logistical and medical support commensurate required for their extended mission. The 5307th responded by doing all they could – winning battles all the way to Myitkyina airfield – until they could do
By David C. Isby


text:
Q: Proving the element of a symmetry group $\sigma^i \in S_n$ is of order $n$ and length $n$ only when $(n,i) = 1$ Start with element of $S_n$ as $\sigma^i$ which permutes an element of the set $\{1,2,3,...,n\}$, call it, $a_k \to a_{k+i}$ So $({\sigma^i})^2$ would permute $a_k \to a_{k+2i}$ If $k+i > n$, the element is shifted the remainder from the starting point. It can be written as $k + i (\mod{n})$.
$\sigma ^i$ acts as an element of the additive group ($\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$,$+$)
I'm trying to prove that $\sigma^i$ is an $n-$cycle if $(i,n) = 1$ so now I can show $(\sigma ^i)^t \equiv e (\mod{n})$ $t = n$ if $(\sigma^i)$ is relatively prime to $n$. Is this the right route? Then I relate it back to $S_n$ so $(\sigma^i)^n = e$ meaning $|\sigma^i| = n$ does this mean it's an $n-$cycle?

A: HINT: Show that the elements $(\sigma^i)^k(1)$ are distinct for $k=1,\ldots,n$; it follows that the permutations $(\sigma^i)^k$ must be distinct for $k=1,\ldots,n$ and hence that $\sigma^i$ is an $n$-cycle.
To do this, suppose that $(\sigma^i)^k(1)=(\sigma^i)^\ell(1)$ for some $k,\ell$ such that $1\le k<\ell\le n$, and let $d=\ell-k$.

*

*Show that $n\mid di$, and then use the hypothesis that $\gcd(n,i)=1$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Conditions of the Peace Treaty
:Qurrat-ul-Ain Abidiy
The peace treaty between (Imam ) Hasan bin Ali (as) and Moawiya bin Abee Sufyan was signed on the following terms and conditions:
1. Hasan (as) would hand over the rule, or government, to Moawiya provided he acts according to the Holy Book of God, the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (saww) and the character of pious and virtuous caliphs;
2. Moawiya does not have a right to nominate anyone after him. The rule would be handed back to Hasan (as) after him, or according to some narrations, it would be left to a consultative body ('shoora') of Muslims;
3. The life, property and honour of the general public, whether black or white, belonging to Syria, Iraq, Tihama, Hijaz or which ever area, would be safeguarded;
4. The life, property, and honour of Shias of (Imam) Ali (as) and their family members, will be protected and Moawiya bin Abee Sufyan is bound by the covenant of Almighty God in this respect and he will honour his covenant with Almighty God in this regard;
5. Moawiya will not take any open or secret action against (Imam) Hasan bin Ali (as) or against Ahle Bait (as) of the Holy Prophet (saww) and he will not try to terrorize them anywhere on earth;
6. (Imam) Ali (as) will be remembered with honour and dignity and he will not be reviled; according to some narrations, in the life time of (Imam) Hasan (as) no abusive language against Hazrat Ali (as) will be used;
7. Moawiya will hand over the Bait-ul-Maal of Koofa and the revenue of Darab Jard (Darabgard) to him (Imam Hasan (as)) so that he may meet his expenses from the same and may repay the debt and other dues;
"Hasan (as) would hand over the rule, or government, to Moawiya provided he acts according to the Holy Book of God, the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (saww) and the character of pious and virtuous caliphs;" 11
In the above first condition, many points have to be thoroughly studied: The Imam (as), by demanding Moawiya to follow the Book and Sunnah as the first condition of the Treaty, proved that acting according to the Book and Sunnah was the ideal goal of the Imam (as), and if he was handing over the reign temporarily to Moawiya, then only his steps in accordance with the Shariah would be considered legal. Accordingly, if Moawiya went against the said condition and Imam Hasan (as) were able to rule again, then he would have the legal right to claim it back from Moawiya. In fact, the Imam (as) had restricted the actions of Moawiya to be within law and constitution. Incidentally, by adding the virtuous character of pious caliphs as a condition, he had by implication also proved that his father was a pious and virtuous caliph and the feelings and ideas of Moawiya about him were wrong. If earlier his father had not accepted the condition (of following the previous caliphs) in the 'Shoora' of Hazrat Umar, it was due to the fact that he did not consider their style in accordance with religious standard and he himself had better grasp and understanding than them of the issues relating to the Holy Quran and Sunnah.
11. Ibne A'sam - 'Al Futooh', vol. 4, p.160; Bala Zari - Al-Ansaab al Ashraaf, vol. 3 p....; Ibne Abee al Hadeed, 'Sharhe Nahjul Balagha', Cairo: Dar Ahya al Kutub al Arabia, 1962, vol. 16, p.22; Hasan Kamil al Maltavi - 'Al Imam al Hasan bin Ali', p.121; Raazi Aale Yasin - 'Sulh-ul Hasan', Qum, Manshooraat al Razi, 1993, p.259. Husain Mohammad Ja'fari - 'The Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam', Qum, Ansarian Publications, p.152;
Adpted from the book: "Imam Hasan and Caliphate" by: "Qurrat-ul-Ain Abidiy"
Prev: Monarchy or Caliphate
Next: The Future of the Caliphate


text:
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    grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-execute');
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        serve: {
            path: '/Users/oakley/Documents/projects/hapiscores/app/',
            options: {
                port: 9000
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        open : {
            dev: {
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    // Default task(s).
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text:
Raleigh Convergence
Converging Stories
Why you should go to an N.C. State women's basketball game now
It's midway through the college basketball season, and if you're following your favorite team, its storyline has already become crystal clear: UNC is having its worst season in years; NC State continues trying prove it belongs up there with the big boys; and Duke is still Duke (no explanation necessary).
But there's one tale that has hardly been told, particularly in the local media – the story of the N.C. State women's team, currently 15-1 and ranked #9 in the nation. Led by 6'5" sophomore Elissa Cunane, a force of nature who's averaging over 17 points and 10 rebounds per game, the Lady Pack is so powerful it has trailed after the first quarter in just two games.
Not that this is anything new for these hoopsters. Last year they were 21-0 before losing a game, the last team, men's or women's, in Division 1 without a loss. And the last two teams have reached the NCAA Tournament's Sweet 16.
In other words, we have a real powerhouse right under our noses, one that plays in beautifully restored Reynolds Coliseum, which seats 5,500 and rarely sells out for the Lady Wolfpack's games.
Get our 3x/week newsletters to know what's going on in Raleigh, from openings to open meetings.
Sure, the women's version of college hoops is different from the men's: no dunking, four quarters instead of two halves, more team play than one-on-one.
But so what? The games are still competitive and fun to watch, and with NCSU you get the added bonus of coach Wes Moore's bizarre hair style.
Interested? If so, there are some big home games on the horizon. Thursday vs. #13 Florida State and Feb. 7 against the big, bad #5 Louisville Cardinals. And there's this: the most expensive tickets are only $25, and for $7 you can still get a good seat in an arena where there isn't a bad vantage point in the house.
Women's basketball isn't a fringe sport. Perennial powers like UConn, Stanford and Baylor have helped the sport fill arenas and earn solid TV viewership. The Lady Pack, which has won over 70% of its games under Coach Moore, is now a legitimate national power. Time to check 'em out.
Lewis Beale is a journalist and Philly native who roots for the Temple Owls, but has fallen for the Lady Wolfpack.
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PMN Politics
Protester killed as unrest rocks Lebanon's Tripoli
Walid Saleh
TRIPOLI — Protests against growing economic hardship erupted in the Lebanese city of Tripoli on Tuesday, with banks set ablaze after a night of rioting that left one demonstrator dead, according to security and medical sources.
A collapse in the currency, soaring inflation and spiraling unemployment are convulsing Lebanon, in deep financial crisis since October. A shutdown to fight the new coronavirus has made matters worse for the economy.
Overnight, protesters in Tripoli set several banks and an army vehicle on fire. Soldiers fired in the air and used tear gas and rubber bullets, a security source said. The man who died was in his 20s and it was not immediately clear who was responsible for his death, the source said.
Protesters returned on Tuesday, setting two banks on fire and smashing their facades, prompting the army to redeploy. Dozens of soldiers positioned themselves in a street lined with several banks and some fired rubber bullets and tear gas.
Prime Minister Hassan Diab urged Lebanese to refrain from violence and said "malicious intentions behind the scenes" were "shaking stability."
"We are faced with a new reality, a reality that the social and living crisis has made worse at record speed, especially with the rise of the U.S. dollar exchange rate to record levels on the black market," Diab said in a statement.
Lebanon's pound has lost more than half its value since October and slid sharply over the past week, triggering small protests despite a coronavirus lockdown and pleas by officials for people to remain home.
U.S. dollars sold for 4,200 Lebanese pounds on Tuesday according to one importer, despite a central bank directive capping the price at 3,200. Several currency dealers were arrested on Monday for violating the cap, prompting their trade association to announce an open-ended strike.
The unrest threatens to tip the country back into violence even as Beirut looks to pass an economic rescue plan and enter negotiations with foreign creditors after defaulting on its hefty debt obligations last month.
In a phone call to Diab on Tuesday, French Foreign Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian said Paris was ready to convene an international support group meeting for Lebanon as soon as coronavirus lockdown measures were lifted.
Diab's government, formed in January with the support of the powerful Iran-backed Hezbollah, has struggled to enact reforms demanded by foreign donors to release billions of dollars in pledged financing.
"People have lost their purchasing power and the state has no plan to do anything. Banks are closed and not giving money to people. I think this government should resign," said Tripoli lawyer Fahed Moukaddem.
Information Minister Manal Abdel Samad said after a cabinet meeting on Tuesday "final touches" were being put to the rescue plan, a draft of which this month estimated losses in the banking sector at $83 billion.
Tripoli, a port city 80 km (50 miles) north of Beirut and long dogged by poverty and unemployment, was the stage for protests against Lebanon's ruling elite last October.
"This is not a riot, this is expressing (anger) that the dollar has reached 4,000 Lebanese pounds … How are people going to eat? And this is the holy month of Ramadan," said Abou Hussein, a Tripoli activist.
The army said that overnight a firebomb was thrown at one of its vehicles and a hand grenade hurled at a patrol. It blamed "infiltrators" and called on peaceful protesters to leave the streets.
It said 40 soldiers were wounded in Tripoli and elsewhere after patrols sent to reopen roads were attacked with stones. Three banks and several ATMs in Tripoli were burned overnight and nine protesters arrested, a statement said.
A statement from the U.S. Embassy in Beirut said: "The frustration of the Lebanese people over the economic crisis is understandable, and the demands of protesters are justified. But incidents of violence, threats, and destruction of property are deeply concerning, and must stop."
The U.N. Special Coordinator for Lebanon, Jan Kubis, said the violence was a warning for Lebanon's political leaders.
"This is the time to provide material support to increasingly desperate, impoverished and hungry majority of Lebanese all around the country," he said in a tweet.
The banking association declared all banks in Tripoli shut until security is restored. Only a handful of branches have been open during the coronavirus lockdown.
Banks have been a target of savers angered by being frozen out of their deposits. One each in the southern cities of Sidon and Tyre were attacked on Saturday and Sunday. (Writing by Tom Perry and Eric Knecht Additional reporting by Eric Knecht and Yara Abi Nader; Editing by Peter Graff and Janet Lawrence)


Note: To read about the standards discussed at this meeting, which were advanced for public comment, click here.
REYNOLDSBURG, Ohio — Half of the state's veal production could end by the close of 2017, according to a petition presented to the Ohio Livestock Care Standards Board Feb. 22.
Bob Cochrell, a veal farmer from Ohio's Wayne County and a member of the veal subcommittee, presented a petition signed by more than 30 veal farmers who say they "do not anticipate continuing to raise veal in the state of Ohio" after 2017, if the current draft of veal regulations is made a rule.
According to the petition, those who signed represent more than 23,000 head of veal marketed in Ohio each year. According to a Driscoll & Fleeter study, about 46,500 calves were raised for veal in 2009, with a total market value just under $29 million.
The controversy stems from actions last fall, when the board weighed conflicting recommendations on the use of calf confinement and tethering.
The veal subcommittee held at least eight meetings in 2010, ultimately deciding on a set of recommendations that allowed tethering of veal calves after 2017, for the calf's first 10 weeks of age, to prevent cross suckling of other calves' navels and to reduce manure and urine contamination, as well as calf mortality.
Those recommendations were presented to the board Nov. 2, alongside an "alternate" set of recommendations, compiled by staff at the Ohio Department of Agriculture.
The "alternate" plan included several alternate housing mandates, including additional spacing requirements and allowing enough space for calves of all ages to turn around, after the close of 2017.
The board did not vote on either recommendation during the November meeting, but adopted two "concepts" requiring veal calves under 10 weeks of age to be able to turn around, and to require veal calves 10 weeks and older to be housed in groups of at least two animals per pen, with enough space to turn themselves around.
The concepts essentially ban stall confinement and tethering as a production practices.
Ken and Betty McCullough of Mount Victory, Ohio, are among the farmers who signed the petition.
Ken has been raising veal for more than 30 years — long enough to see the group housing experiments of the 1980s — which he said were not successful.
He told Farm and Dairy the stall system makes economic sense, and also is best for the calves. He's willing to look at new methods, but wants something that's proven and keeps the farm going for his son's generation.
"I don't mind being tied down to do a good job, but I'm not going to have my hands tied behind me," he said.
McCullough fears if tethering and stall confinement are not upheld in Ohio, the industry will move elsewhere.
Ohio Veal Association President Jim Johnston of Kidron, Ohio, also signed the petition.
"(The signees) and myself would ask that you consider and discuss this unanimous recommendation at your next meeting," Cochrell said at the livestock care board meeting.
The Humane Society of the United States and Ohio Veterinary Medical Association have both cast approval for the ODA's "alternate" set of recommendations, which they said in November, is more in line with American Veal Association's call for group housing after 2017.
However, a letter signed by AVA President Chip Lines-Burgess pledges full approval for what the veal subcommittee is recommending.
The letter encourages veal farmers to transition to group housing, but also cites the viability of both methods, including the need for intervention when group housing is used.
"While we estimate that 35 percent of veal calves now are raised in group settings, group housing systems present challenges in veal calf care and management that require continued innovation and refinement to ensure that the health and well-being of the calves are best maintained," Lines-Burgess wrote.
The care board is scheduled to review its veal standards in rule form during its March 1 meeting. Veal was one of the first standards the board considered, but voting has mostly been tabled to this point.
Next articleIs there enough acreage for corn?
Veal crates and tethering are dying practices. Move your businesses to another state, and you'll soon need to move again. Consumers are having their eyes opened to these cruel methods and don't support them. I for one won't be eating the McCulloughs' veal.
I wish these dissenters would listen to the AVA, read the science, and get the dollar signs out of their eyes and take a good look at what they're doing. It's wrong, plain and simply.
I agree with you absolutely, Grace; very well said.
Veal is the meat industrsy's black-eye. Who wants to eat abused baby animals? American's eat less than a pound per year, at that rate, I think they should begin to rethink their entire business anyways.
And yet another give-in to the animal rights communist crowd. Sadly, this Livestock careboard has not followed the original purpose of using scientific fact instead of personal emotions-they should be completely disbanded and terminated. ALL scientific evidence points to healthier calves individually stalled/tied. Since it is a fact that calves eat on one end-crap on the other, and dont give a thought as to where or what they crap on, it is hands down easier and less expensive to prevent them from crapping on each other, their food/water, and their bedding they lie in. So little profit is made from veal that EVERY cost-cutting method needs to be used-and for those who think farmers get rich from raising livestock-I assure you that there are NO farmers any where close to being on the Forbes 500 list. The truth is that, like human babies, calves sleep most of the time-but that is where the similarities end. Calves are NOT children-they are food animals,raised strickly for food. They do NOT need to interact with one another-that purpose is to ready them for life in the herd and establish a pecking order-and these calves will never make it to a herd setting…they are food.
The solution is so simple and has been in place since the start of this country…let consumers purchase what type of veal they want, and let the past existing animal cruelties law punish those who truely abuse animals. Veal calves are VERY pampered, as all livestock. If not cared for, they will not produce, and farmers would not be able to exist. In NO way, shape or form are veal calves abused-PERIOD!!!! The pathetically sad part is that all these people who are trying to force veal farmers out dont even eat veal-never have,never will.
As I said before, this government intrusion on farmers is the start of a communist long-term goal of preparing people to allow government control of their lives, and the beginning of state-run type farms…this country needs to wake up and stop this attack on farmers for the benefit of ALL…eventually it wont stop at the few farmers in this country but will spread to the rest of the population.
Baby calves raised for veal are "pampered"??!! You must be joking. From the time they are ripped from their mother, then roped to their stall..I beg to differ.
I also met and spoke with someone who worked at the veal slaughterhouse. He said that what he dealt with on a daily basis kept him up at night. His words…."THEY say it's humane..THEY say it's humane.. but I get those baby cows with their eyes rolling back in their heads, still alert and aware, groaning and in pain..They SAY it's humane". His words and the look on his face kept me up that night as well.
I'm always amazed how people that support "animal rights" know of all these issues about animals being mistreated, abused, inhumane treatment, etc. yet never report it to the proper authority. Instead, they post the alleged mistreatment on blogs or splice "undercover" video. If you know of any animal being mistreated you should report it immeaditly to USDA, ODA, ODNR, etc. not sit around and gossip about it. Abuse is abuse, if you have to abuse an animal to video tape someone else doing it, you HAVE committed animal abuse.


Most of the drama around the NHL right now should be about the playoffs; which teams have a chance to go all the way, which teams won't and everything in between. But yesterday in Buffalo, Sabres center Derek Roy decided to stir up some drama by publicly criticizing his head coach Lindy Ruff after the coach called out the Sabres veteran core!
What has become an increasingly familiar site, yesterday was the annual locker clean out for the Buffalo Sabres who failed to make the playoffs. It was the 6th time in the last 10 seasons the Sabres failed to make the playoffs, it was also the last chance for fans to hear from players before they head to the golf course, Europe or anywhere other than the rink. But yesterday's locker clean out turned into quite a dramatic scene and could spell the end for one long time Sabres player. It all started a couple of weeks ago when Lindy Ruff appeared on WGR radio and had a message for his core players!
Vanek and Drew Stafford the role of assistant captains. While Pominville stepped up to the plate and had a solid full season, his "support" team of assistant captains was lacking for the vast majority of the season. Vanek was a solid player during the first half of the season, racking up 19 goals and 40 points in the first 40 games. But in the final 38 games Vanek had just 7 goals and 21 points! Stafford was the opposite of Vanek and stepped his game up in the second half of the season after being put on a line with Tyler Ennis. But the one player who did absolutely nothing all season and was dangled in front of every NHL team at the Trade Deadline; Derek Roy who had statistically the worst season of his career.
Roy, of all the players should be keeping his mouth shut and leave Buffalo until further notice. But he just couldn't keep quiet and voiced his displeasure about his coach.
"Behind closed doors it's fine. It's not fun, but it's good to be hard on your players. Behind closed doors, on the bench. I'm not a coach, but I don't think it's right thing to be saying it to the media." Roy did go on to say he had a good relationship with his coach; "Behind closed doors, it's good. He expects a lot of me and wants me to be a leader. I try to bring that in practices and games.
"Try" is not something Roy could be accused of much this season, he was criticized by the media and coach for his complete lack of effort this season. Like usual after a lack luster season players start to blame injuries for their lack of production, and of course Roy's blaming a ligament in his knee, a shoulder injury and a mysterious hamstring no one knew about for his lack of effort and rough play this season. If he was that badly injured he should have gotten off the ice and opened up a opportunity for rookies like Luke Adam. Playing through his injuries this season hurt the Sabres more than it helped. In all likely hood Roy has played his last game in a Sabres uniform as Darcy Regier was shopping him around at the trade deadline and he just couldn't get his game together!
Roy's comments are not the first to arise about the Sabres "core" and Lindy Ruff, although they are the first to come directly from the dressing room and a veteran player. Isn't it odd that Thomas Vanek (a constant scapegoat for Ruff) just suddenly stopped playing so well? WGRs Paul Hamilton thinks so and he took to the radio to share what he's been hearing from the "silent core".
It's starting to look like players are tuning out Ruff, after missing the playoffs 3 out of the last 5 seasons and 2 early exits why should the players listen to Ruff? With 15 seasons behind the Sabres bench he's the longest tenured coach with same NHL team, fans and players are both calling for a change in authority behind the bench. The way Ruff has managed, or mis-managed, young players (Adam, Ennis, Foligno), and thrown players "under the bus" in the media, his style has really come into question this season.
Whether you want to blame players like Roy and Vanek, or Ruff's unique coaching style one thing's for certain the entire organization, from the players to the owner all agree this was a waste of a season, some even went as far to call it an embarrassment! Things are going to change in Buffalo this offseason, stay tuned Sabres fans!


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Relational inductive biases, deep learning, and graph networks
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Battaglia, Peter W. (Author)
Hamrick, Jessica B. (Author)
Bapst, Victor (Author)
Sanchez-Gonzalez, Alvaro (Author)
Zambaldi, Vinicius (Author)
Malinowski, Mateusz (Author)
Tacchetti, Andrea (Author)
Raposo, David (Author)
Santoro, Adam (Author)
Faulkner, Ryan (Author)
Gulcehre, Caglar (Author)
Song, Francis (Author)
Ballard, Andrew (Author)
Gilmer, Justin (Author)
Dahl, George (Author)
Vaswani, Ashish (Author)
Allen, Kelsey (Author)
Nash, Charles (Author)
Langston, Victoria (Author)
Dyer, Chris (Author)
Heess, Nicolas (Author)
Wierstra, Daan (Author)
Kohli, Pushmeet (Author)
Botvinick, Matt (Author)
Vinyals, Oriol (Author)
Li, Yujia (Author)
Pascanu, Razvan (Author)
Artificial intelligence (AI) has undergone a renaissance recently, making major progress in key domains such as vision, language, control, and decision-making. This has been due, in part, to cheap data and cheap compute resources, which have fit the natural strengths of deep learning. However, many defining characteristics of human intelligence, which developed under much different pressures, remain out of reach for current approaches. In particular, generalizing beyond one's experiences--a hallmark of human intelligence from infancy--remains a formidable challenge for modern AI. The following is part position paper, part review, and part unification. We argue that combinatorial generalization must be a top priority for AI to achieve human-like abilities, and that structured representations and computations are key to realizing this objective. Just as biology uses nature and nurture cooperatively, we reject the false choice between "hand-engineering" and "end-to-end" learning, and instead advocate for an approach which benefits from their complementary strengths. We explore how using relational inductive biases within deep learning architectures can facilitate learning about entities, relations, and rules for composing them. We present a new building block for the AI toolkit with a strong relational inductive bias--the graph network--which generalizes and extends various approaches for neural networks that operate on graphs, and provides a straightforward interface for manipulating structured knowledge and producing structured behaviors. We discuss how graph networks can support relational reasoning and combinatorial generalization, laying the foundation for more sophisticated, interpretable, and flexible patterns of reasoning. As a companion to this paper, we have released an open-source software library for building graph networks, with demonstrations of how to use them in practice.
arXiv:1806.01261 [cs, stat]
http://arxiv.org/abs/1806.01261
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arXiv: 1806.01261
Battaglia, P. W., Hamrick, J. B., Bapst, V., Sanchez-Gonzalez, A., Zambaldi, V., Malinowski, M., … Pascanu, R. (2018). Relational inductive biases, deep learning, and graph networks. ArXiv:1806.01261 [Cs, Stat]. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1806.01261
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Battaglia et al_2018_Relational inductive biases, deep learning, and graph networks.pdf
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Funded through SiVeGCS, the GCS (Gauss Centre for Supercomputing) is establishing its "smart exascale" decade by investing heavily in next-generation systems while also boosting the breadth and depth of how the centres support and collaborate with users. It will continue to deliver world-class supercomputing resources, but wants to ensure that GCS's user base in research and industry can take full advantage of these technologies.
Within the SiVeGCS project GCS will greatly expand its training program, and is hiring new staff members at the three centres for a variety of new support functions. The three GCS centres are expanding their user support structures with new teams that do not only include HPC specialists, but also science domain experts. By having a contact versed in their various science domains, researchers using GCS resources can collaborate more closely with the respective centres and have a liaison available to help solve specific computing challenges in the researchers' specific areas of study.
The project is funded in part by the Bundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) together with the federal states North Rhine-Westphalia, Baden-Württemberg, and Bavaria.
The grant period is January 2017 until December 2025.


The original report on Form 6-K dated January 29, 2019 incorrectly stated the file number of the registration statement on Form F-3 into which Exhibit 99.1 (Press Release of ProQR Therapeutics N.V. dated January 29, 2019, titled "ProQR Announces "ProQR Vision 2023" Strategy at its Annual R&D Day") should be incorporated by reference. This report on Form 6-K/A is furnished solely to incorporate by reference such Exhibit 99.1 into the registration statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-228251).
Other than as expressly set forth above, this Form 6-K/A does not, and does not purport to, amend, update or restate the information in any other item of the original Form 6-K, or reflect any events that have occurred after the Form 6-K was originally filed.


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Victoria's Secret: The Empire Built On Women Hating Themselves
Evan Agostini/Invision/AP
How one designer built the anti-Victoria's Secret fashion brand.
By Becca McCharen-Tran
November 12 2018 11:11 AM EST
Fourteen-year-old me could never resist the spell of the Victoria's Secret catalog arriving in the mail. I'd spend hours poring over the pictures of the models, especially devouring every photograph of Angel-of-the-moment, Ms. Helena Christensen. There was something about her aquamarine eyes that had me absolutely captivated.
But there was something else — beyond the sexual awakening — happening as my teenage self internalized those images. At least once a week, my friends and I would inevitably end up at the River Ridge Mall. Once inside, we'd make our way into the synthetic-cherry-haze of the Victoria's Secret store to revel in all things pink and lace. Together, feeling utterly adult, we pinched each cup to find which had the most padding (liquid gel inserts were popular back then — I definitely had a few sets) so we could look more like the angels we saw above us. We were devoted followers of their fantasy.
It was in those fitting rooms, squeezing my teenage ribcage into a too-small bra, my arms covered in their sparkling body lotion, that something changed in me. I was no longer a girl simply trying to become a woman. I became, instead, someone who learned how to hate herself.
As a grown woman looking back now, I can faithfully say that those teenage years — filled with disordered eating, lying to my loved ones, and depression — still count as the darkest period in my life. If it wasn't for my family and support system, I don't quite know how I would have emerged as a healthy and whole human being. Once I did, I realized that fashion was not found in the fitting rooms that distorted my body. After exploring the world of design (I majored in architecture), I discovered the artists at the center of the fashion industry who were focused on innovation in silhouette and fabric. From them, I learned how to make clothes that would help people love themselves.
Today, I am the designer, founder, and chief executive officer of Chromat, a New York-based design house that specializes in swim and bodywear. Last year, I was awarded as a runner-up from the CFDA/Vogue Fashion Fund, which celebrates the very best emerging design talent in America. I show our collection every season at New York Fashion Week, alongside staple American brands like Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein, and Marc Jacobs. Our work has been photographed and featured in some of the most prominent fashion magazines in the world, from Vogue to Glamour to Elle and beyond.
Chromat's success — commercially and among the press — is a direct result of our point of difference in the very crowded swim and lingerie space. As a women at the helm of a swim or lingerie brand, I've refused to compromise on inclusivity as a pillar of our business model. That means Chromat has always designed for a wide range of sizes (we currently offer sizes 00 — 30 at chromat.co), and for all different bodies, ages, abilities and places on the gender spectrum. As a queer woman, I do not focus on designing clothes to make the wearer more appealing to men. Rather, I want our clothes to empower anyone who wears them to harness the strength and beauty within themselves.
Some of the proudest moments of my career come from watching our models walk down the runway to cheers that would deafen the audience goers at the Victoria's Secret spectacle. We don't just have models in our #ChromatBABE cast — we have Geena Rocero, TED speaker, film producer, and global advocate. We have Denise Bidot, a proud mother and body-positive activist. We have Mama Cax, a bone-and-lung cancer survivor, who walked our runway on crutches to the roars of support from the front row. On the Chromat runway you see curves, cellulite and scars worn proudly. We are a runway show, yes — but we are also a celebration. We are what happens when design doesn't center the male gaze, but instead, the wearer.
A post shared by CHROMAT (@chromat) on Aug 25, 2018 at 9:10am PDT
Mr. Ed Razek, the chief marketing officer of Victoria's Secret parent company, recently gave an interview to Vogue where he proclaimed — among other misguided statements — "Shouldn't you have transsexuals in the show? No. No, I don't think we should. Well, why not? Because the show is a fantasy. It's a 42-minute entertainment special. That's what it is."
Related | Trans Women Don't Exist in Victoria's Secret's Fantasy World
Beyond Mr. Razek's use of the outdated word "transsexual," which no executive in corporate America should be allowed to use without punishment in the year 2018, he implies that trans women are not a part of the fantasy. In turn, I've watched our LGBTQ+ Instagram feeds light up with images of trans women all over the world who are dripping in fantasy: Carmen Carrera, Munroe Bergdorf, Maya Mones, Isis King, Andreja Pejic, Jari Jones, Fatima Lewis, Lea T, Trace Lysette, Siobhan Atwell and more.
Razek's comments do not just expose what happens when a white, cisgender man is the final decision maker for a global lingerie brand: They are the embodiment of everything that's wrong with the company's values in a society that has evolved beyond the patriarchy's ideal representation of a woman.
The #Chromat #SS19Saturation Finale Volume up for @uniiqu3music's finale track- Do What I Want!
A post shared by CHROMAT (@chromat) on Sep 8, 2018 at 1:11pm PDT
Even before Razek's remarks, more of us should have been talking about the negative effects of Victoria's Secret's narrow definition of beauty. One of the worst things I've realized over the years is that my experience with disordered eating isn't an anomaly, it's par for the course: In fact, one study shows that approximately 91% of women are unhappy with their bodies, and resort to dieting to achieve their ideal shape. It is unforgivable that we live in a society where it's normal or expected for teenage girls to grow up hating themselves.
Victoria Secret has a global platform — one that can be used to push the cultural conversation forward and open up its brand to include and reflect the beautiful and inspiring people in the world. And I believe that there's still room for change, but this would require that decision-makers come from diverse perspectives, and their feedback is taken seriously at the executive level. Only when Victoria Secret's is as diverse as our greater community — on the runway and in the boardroom — will the runway show be truly inclusive.
As consumers, I encourage you to "vote with your dollar" and support brands (like mine, and many others) who reflect your values. We may not be able to influence the corporate policies of Victoria's Secret, but that's not really the point anyway: The point is to remove their power, which comes from the millions who watch their televised show and buy their bras. We all must shop and consume responsibly.
Oh, and one last word for Mr. Razek: You haven't seen a Fantasy until you've seen voguer, actress, and proud transgender woman Leyna Bloom close a runway show. Her walk would leave your entire cast of Angels utterly fallen.
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