Nowadays, lateral flow immunochromatographic assays are increasingly popular as a diagnostic tool for point-of-care (POC) test based on their simplicity, specificity, and sensitivity. Hence, quantitative detection and pluralistic popular application are urgently needed in medical examination. In this study, a smartphone-based dual-modality imaging system was developed for quantitative detection of color or fluorescent lateral flow test strips, which can be operated anywhere at any time. In this system, the white and ultra-violet (UV) light of optical device was designed, which was tunable with different strips, and the Sobel operator algorithm was used in the software, which could enhance the identification ability to recognize the test area from the background boundary information. Moreover, this technology based on extraction of the components from RGB format (red, green, and blue) of color strips or only red format of the fluorescent strips can obviously improve the high-signal intensity and sensitivity. Fifty samples were used to evaluate the accuracy of this system, and the ideal detection limit was calculated separately from detection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The results indicated that smartphone-controlled dual-modality imaging system could provide various POC diagnoses, which becomes a potential technology for developing the next-generation of portable system in the near future.
In recent decades, lateral flow immunochromatographic strip (LFICS) has been increasingly applied as a diagnostic tool for point-of-care test (POCT) because of its simplicity, rapid speed, sensitivity, and specificity . Nowadays, this technology has been applied for many areas such as food security, environment monitoring, and drug testing [2–8]. In order to meet the requirement of different detection, diverse signal marker strips had been developed, including colloidal gold strip, magnetic nanoparticles strip, and fluorescence strip [9–12]. As the typical nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have the color-tunable property with size, which also can be functionalized with peptides to avoid degradation in order to facilitate to finish quick immunological reaction and display different degree of color for half-quantitative detection [1, 11, 13]. Because of their unique advantages, such as simplicity, rapidity, and ease of interpretation, Au NPs-based LFICS was widely used for rapid diagnosis [1, 11, 13]. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) could be easily gathered through directing external magnetic field exposure; thus, the targeted molecule modified on the MNPs could be detected even with less amount used . Magnetic signals could be entirely captured by the devices so that MNPs-based LFICS realized quantitative measurement, thereby increasing LFICS sensitivity [12, 14, 15]. Fluorescent NPs possessed many advantages, including photo-stability, wide absorption and narrow emission spectra, more noticeable size-dependent Stokes shifts, robust stability against photo-bleaching and chemical degradation, higher fluorescent quantum yield, high sensitivity, and large molar extinction coefficients [16–18]. These excellent properties rendered fluorescent NPs playing an important role for developing highly sensitive LFICS. Different kinds of fluorescence LFICS were studied, such as testing chloramphenicol, nitrated ceruloplasmin, ochratoxin, alpha fetoprotein [16–20].
Until now, the typical detection based on LFICS is through the naked eye, which was widely used in food safety, environment monitoring, and precision medicine. However, this detection can only provide qualitative test (positive or negative) or semi-quantitative information on analyte concentration, which the LFICS could not satisfy requirements for practical applications. Therefore, many devices providing quantitative analyte concentration for testing LFICS had been developed [9, 21]. Some strip readers were designed to work in the desktop computer or laptop, which possessed rapid processing speeds and stable performances. However, these bulky and heavy devices limited their wide application for the trend of family and personalize care. Mei's group developed an embedded system based on the Acorn RISC Machine (ARM) processor, which applied for reading a test strip . Marquina's group designed a spin-valve giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensor system to quantify the amount of analyte, which were not portable for outdoor detection . Obviously, the strip reader based on mobile device could be satisfied with the requirement of high portability and feature-rich testing. As a matter fact, the mobile health market is rapidly developing and portable diagnostics tools provide an opportunity to increase the availability of healthcare and decrease costs . Therefore, various strip readers based on mobile device have been developed. For example, Oncescu's group developed a smartphone accessory and software application based on smartphone that allowed for the quantification of cholesterol levels in the blood  and Hyun Park's group developed a kind of strip reader for quantitative measurements of H5N1 using fluorescent strips . Meanwhile, some other strip readers based on smartphone were obtained, such as testing thyroid-stimulating hormone, cholesterol, malaria, and tuberculosis [9, 27–32]. However, all the strip readers based on smartphone only can detect one type of strips from the color or fluorescence which limited their multifunctional applications [33–36].
In this study, smartphone-based dual-modality imaging system was developed, which could quantitatively detect color or fluorescent lateral flow immunochromatographic strip (ICTS). In this system, the white and UV light of an optical system was designed and could be changed according to the different kinds of strips (color strip or fluorescence strip). The improved Sobel operator was used in the software, which improved greatly the ability of distinguishing between the test area and background boundary information. This smartphone provided the power to the whole system and could be continuously operated for 4–5 h.
The detection limit of the reader reached the requirements as the limit values were 2.3 mIU/mL and 0.037 ng/mL separately, which were calculated separately from detection of color strip (human chorionic gonadotropin, HCG) and fluorescence strip (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA). To our knowledge, it is one kind of novel dual-modality imaging for immunochromatographic strip based on smartphone and has great potential in food security, environment monitoring, and drug testing in near future.
The antigen and antibody of the HCG and CEA were both purchased from the Shanghai Linc-Bio Science Co. LTD (shanghai, China). Conjugate, sample, and absorbent pads as well as the nitrocellulose (NC) membrane and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plate were purchased from JieYi Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Immunochromatographic strips were prepared by our group's member. The test strip was composed of a sample pad, conjugate pad, and absorbent pad, as well as a nitrocellulose (NC) membrane and PVC backing card, as shown in Fig. 1. All pretreated parts were assembled sequentially onto a PVC backing card with 2 mm overlap of each component. The assembly was cut into 3-mm-wide individual strips and then stored at 4 °C inside a sealed plastic bucket with a desiccant until further use.
Primary antibody (Ab2) against the antigen was immobilized on the test line (T line), and another antibody (Ab1) against a different epitope of the same antigen was labeled with NPs. When the NP-labeled antibody flowed along with the test sample (which was expected to have the antigen), it interacted with the antigen in the sample. This complex interacted with the antibody coated at the test line on the membrane and formed a sandwich (Fig. 1). A control line was fixed with the second antibody against the primary antibody, which captured the remaining antibody labeled with NPs. Thus, in a sandwich assay format, a positive test sample is indicated by the appearance of two colored lines (T line and C line) and a negative test sample was indicated by the appearance of one colored line that is only the control line (C line).
Dual-modality imaging system was developed based on smartphone. In order to decrease the cost and increase the cost performance, Red Mi Note 2 smart phone (Xiaomi mobile internet company) was chosen as the main part. The smartphone was equipped with Central Processing Unit (CPU, MediaTek Helio X10 MT6795 processor) and Graphics Processing Unit (GPU, PowerVR G6200), and its processing speed and computing performance were greatly for image handling. Even though this smartphone screen has a high resolution (1920 × 1080 p) and the screen pixel density is 441 ppi. The rear camera is based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor with 13 million pixels. Therefore, using smartphones as a data acquisition, image processing, and light module was appropriate. Black smartphone accessory (55 × 78 × 30 mm3) and an ICTS cartridge (70 × 18 × 4.8 mm3) were designed by SolidWorks software and fabricated using a 3D printer (Fig. 2a). The attachment module included optical path structure, lens, filter, sample slot, LED, and some fixed structure. Two ultra-violet (UV) LEDs (365 nm, 1 W) were fixed on both sides of the upper end of the cartridge, and the flash of smartphone was selected as the white light. The filter and lens group has been fixed in the accessory box. Appropriate design of optical paths (Fig. 2b) not only provided homogeneous optic field but also shortened the focusing distance, which helped us get the high-quality images within just 20-mm height shell. Dual-modality imaging (using white LED or UV LED) can be switched easily according to different kinds of strip (colloidal gold strip and fluorescence strips). The smartphone provided power to the whole system and could be operated continuously in 4–5 h.
A complete dual-modality imaging system required not only hardware but also powerful and easily operated software. The Java programming language was employed in the design of Android Studio 1.5 development environment and provided main functions of processing test strip images, analysis, and diagnosis in the smartphone. The system has the features of accuracy, friendly and mostly. The dual-modality imaging system not only can test the colloidal gold strips through the colorimetry but also can test the quantum dot strips through the florescence signal.
The function of software included the detection and analysis of cloud data, cloud data storage, cloud data queries, intelligent robot service consultant, and location of the user. After the strip is inserted, the user could choose the detection mode (UV or white LED) to open the camera and click the test button, and then get the analysis results while waiting for 3 s. All the result data would be stored in the cloud and could be queried when the user needed them. Through the system, the user could get the geographical distribution of the patients by analysis the cloud data. In the system, the intelligent robot consultant was also developed, which could provide some useful messages according to the user's questions, see in Fig. 3a. In the flow diagram of the software system in Fig. 3b, the orange color part was used for the non-registered patients, and the test results still could be saved in our cloud data manager system. The green flow chart is used for the registered users. Once registered, the users can get much more permission to access the software function, such as managing their own detection results and getting the advices from the intelligent robot consultant.
In Fig. 3b, it showed that saving and inquiring data were the based function which was for upholding the software, and then, the big data analysis and the intelligent advisor was the advance function. Through the data analysis, the user distribution was easily viewed on the map, which can provide government disease control. And through the intelligent advisor, the users could get some useful advices according their own healthy condition. With the rapid development of big data and cloud storage, clinical monitoring data contains a great value. In order to take advantage of excavation clinical data value, we developed a corresponding cloud data management system which emerged in the dual-modality imaging system. The system could achieve high-volume statistical data analysis, query, and management and could be classified according to the statistics geographical distribution of the disease, which would provide a reference for the epidemiological investigation.
This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China. All patients signed an informed consent, and all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All the clinical samples were collected from Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, the affiliated hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Total 50 urea-enzymes samples and 50 antigens of CEA were tested using a dual-modality imaging system employing lateral flow strips.
All data are presented in this paper as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical differences were evaluated using the t test and considered significant at P < 0.05.
To produce accurate diagnosis, a high-resolution image was acquired. The camera in the smartphone was based on CMOS image sensor with 13 million pixels. It has excellent optical character, high purity, whiteness, high resolution, and superb color rendition. In the dual-modality imaging system, the camera could be operated conveniently by clicking the control button. In order to obtain more accurate signal data, multiple image processing was applied, such as gray-scale processing, improved Sobel convolution operator, threshold analysis, image binarization, and getting detection area boundary coordinates, as shown in Fig. 4. All the images were captured every 0.1 s and three times in total to obtain the average value.
Once the image data was obtained, the signal area in the image was then identified. Compared with many other algorithms [6, 28–31], this algorithm could be easily be used in smartphone. Converting the three-channel image into a single-channel grayscale image mainly simplify the calculation of subsequent processing on gray-scale process. In this case, it is very convenient to find out the feature boundary of the detecting area. Sobel convolution operator algorithm was proposed to process the image and advantaged to search the boundary of T and C lines. The procedure of the proposed algorithm is listed below.
Sx is the x direction calculation result. Sy is the y direction calculation result. S(x, y) is the result of convolution operation after the f(x, y) function.
Matrix is shown below in (4), which was Sobel mask operator. The matrix was used in Eqs. (1) and (2).
For the boundary line of the acquisition, the use of Sobel operator was much better in comparison with that of other edge detection operators.
Besides, even though there are many advantages for linear detection with use the typical way of Hough line detection algorithm, the strip mainly composes of straight lines but software needs much more time for using this algorithm, which limited its use in this technology. Figure 5a showed the time-consuming algorithm comparison.
The next step was to select the gray image threshold before it was binary processing. It could acquire a much better accurate threshold value after combining the optimal threshold segmentation principles and experience value. The effect of the optimal threshold method alone was acceptable, yet it was also a more time-consuming algorithm. To avoid that drawback, it was a fast and simple way to combine the algorithm and the reference value being stored in the database to calculate the threshold. After setting 0 (black) to the pixel value above the threshold and setting 255 (white) to the pixel below above the threshold, binarization image was easily obtained. From Fig. 5b, we can see that there are too much signal edge noise points after the image was processed by the Sobel operator and Prewitt operator, with wide boundary signal region. Besides, there is no obvious boundary from both sides of the image after treated with the Roberts operator. Meanwhile, the image noise points were still not decreased after the process of the Log operator, while the one which treated with the improved operator can clearly see the left and right boundaries of the strip, with clear and narrow signal region boundary. Therefore, after comparison of these five algorithms (improved Sobel convolution operator algorithm, Sobel algorithm, Prewitt algorithm, Log algorithm, and Roberts algorithm), apparently, the improved Sobel convolution operator algorithm was the best one which derived a clear boundary and had less noise point.
The following step was to get the boundary coordinate of T and C lines through the binarization image. By calculating the left and right limits of test area, the coordinate in the Y-axis of the T/C line could be calibrated by two horizontal lines as shown in Fig. 5c. To confirm the accurate coordinate value, center expansion method (points of ic and id in Fig. 5c) and extreme method (points of ia and ib in Fig. 5c) were compared, which showed the former algorithm was much more effective. More noise signal existed beyond the area of the ia and ib. The procedure of the proposed algorithm is listed below.
The binarization image was the M × N matrix. Calculating the sum of every column pixel (5) in binarization image as the function X(i), the function X(i) was displayed in Fig. 5c.
Obtaining the two extreme points (points of ia and ib in Fig. 5c) through Eqs. (6) and (7).
After then, the half of the smaller extreme value (points X(ia) and X(ib) in Fig. 5c) was set as the new threshold value through Eq. (8).
From the middle to both sides in horizontal axis, the value in the X(i) was compared with the threshold. Once the value was bigger than the threshold, the corresponding points (ic, id) were established through Eqs. (9) and (10).
Through the extreme method, the two extreme points (ia and ib) of the coordinate position are acquired. Meanwhile, the center expansion method was used to calculate and to get much more accuracy value (ic and id) of (9) and (10).
As we know, T and C lines were two rectangular areas. By obtaining the left and right edge coordinates (points of ic and id in Fig. 5c) of the T/C line, the efficiency of the detection area was identified. The next work was to calculate the other two sides, as shown in Fig. 5d.
According to the varying degrees of definition in images, two methods were used. The first one is directly summing each row of the pixel values to obtain a one-dimensional array aim at obvious T/C lines.
Through calculating four extreme values (12–17), the extreme points (c1, c2, t1, t2) corresponded to the boundary coordinate of T and C lines.
Aiming at unobvious T and C lines, the second method was to contrast the four extreme values (c1, c2, t1, and t2) and statistic of the averaging boundary coordinates of the T/C line in the previous experiments and then revised them.
Combining the two methods, the effective area of the test strip could be automatically identified, which was a great progress compared to other detection devices .
According to different strips labeled by different NPs, we designed two methods to extract the signal of the strips: color strip and fluorescent strips. In the color strip, the pixel value of the red, green, and blue (RGB) three channels was extracted as the strip signal in T line and C line of the original image because every channel of the RGB three channels has indicated the intensity of the signal. In the fluorescent strips, only the red channel was extracted as the fluorescent intensity signal. From Fig. 6, we can see the green and blue channels could not indicate the fluorescent intensity and even had a negative effect on the signal extraction. So, the pixel value of the red channel was appropriate as the fluorescent intensity signal.
The system was used to test the clinical samples. HCG and CEA samples (30 positive and 20 negative) were collected from a hospital. All the samples were pretreated with the treating fluid which was prepared by our group's members. A double-blind test was used in this experiment. In the clinical samples, electrochemiluminescence assay was used to determined human HCG and commercial ECLIA kit (Roche Cobase 601) was the reference for CEA test. If one truly positive sample in the clinical samples was negatively detected by our method, the result was defined as false negative, and vice versa. The detection results were shown in Table 1. The sensitivity and specificity of the device were 97 and 100% for HCG and were 97 and 95% for CEA, respectively. From Table 1, it is demonstrated that the detecting system had a high sensitivity and specificity.
In order to confirm the system accuracy, different bio-reagent concentration of the test strips was applied and the results were shown in Fig. 7. Figure 7a was the colloidal gold strips detection for HCG with six concentrations of analyte standards (0, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 120 mIU/mL) and Fig. 7b was the fluorescence strips detection for CEA with eight concentration of standard antigen (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ng/mL). All the samples were prepared in a standard dilution buffer. Different concentration of the strips were detected for 20 times. From the results, we can see the areas of C and T lines were automatically marked correctly by the red circle even the vague shape of T line. Extracting the signal of the tagged area in the strips and calculating the ratio of T and C could further improve the sensitivity and the specificity of the system.
After recording the signal, the standard curve was obtained by plotting the linearity of T/C against the concentration of HCG or CEA, as represented by the equation in Fig. 7d, f. With an increase in concentration, more antigens were captured in the T line, leading to an increase in the T/C ratio. Meanwhile, the linear correlation coefficient (R 2) values were relatively high, and the ideal detection limit of the system was found to be 2.3 mIU/mL for HCG and 0.037 ng/mL for CEA.
The different light intensities and strip locations caused slight variations in the acquired image. To test the repeatability of the system, the same concentration of ten strips was detected repeatedly and every strip was inserted into the system for 10 times within 5 min. In order to evaluate the stability of the system, immunochromatographic strips containing three different concentrations (10, 60, and 120 mIU/mL for HCG and 5, 20, and 50 ng/mL for CEA) were tested by the system. This test was performed to detect the error tolerance of the variation, and the results were presented in Fig. 8. The variance was calculated by the results after tested for 10 times at each strip. For HCG, 10, 60, 120 mIU/mL concentrations corresponding to the detection of the standard deviation were respectively 2.63, 1.37, 0.91%. For CEA, 5, 20, 50 ng/mL concentrations corresponding to the detection of the standard deviation were respectively 3.85, 1.45, and 1.05%. The variances of the whole test results were 1.6% (colored strip) and 2.1% (fluorescent strip), respectively. From the results, we can conclude that stability of the system is proportional to the sample concentration, and it presented the similar values from each measurement, thus proving the good repeatability of the system.
In summary, a novel smartphone-based dual-modality imaging system was developed, which could quantitatively detect color or fluorescent lateral flow immunochromatographic strip (ICTS). Reasonable algorithms were applied to calculate the boundary localization and improve the accuracy of extracting signal, which achieved the high-signal intensity and sensitivity. The performance of the system was tested using different samples, which presented satisfactory results. Since there are many connected objects designed to link up with smartphone-controlled system and big data to realize bio-analysts and personalized healthcare monitoring and management, further work will focus on the development of a portable and versatile imaging system based on smartphone for detection in POCT in the near future.
We are grateful for the financial support by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81571835, 61503246, 81672247, and 81671737), National Key Basic Research Program (973 Project) (No. 2015CB931802), the 863 High-Tech Project of China (No. 2014AA020700), and Shanghai Science and Technology Fund (No. 13NM1401500 and 15DZ2252000).
YH jointly conceived the study with KW. KX and WL performed the experiments. YH, WQ, JN, and JS performed all the data analysis and wrote the original draft of the manuscript. WT and DC reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
K.W. is an associate professor of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Her scientific interests are nanotechnology development of early cancer detection and screening equipment, nonmaterial molecular imaging, and biocompatibility evaluation. D.C. is a professor of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. His research interests include the synthesis of nanomaterials and their application in the biomedical field. W.T. is an associate professor of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Her research interests include biosensors, photoelectric detection, and laser inspection. K.X. and W.Q. are both master students of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. W.L. is a master student of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University.


text:
Author: Michael Moore
Publisher: Museum of New Mexico Press (1989)
Paperback: 368 pages, 28 color plates, 75 black-and-white illustrations
This classic work on medicinal herbs of the Western uplands is an authoritative presentation of more than 100 species. Unsurpassed as a field guide for its authoritative information on collection and medicinal preparation. Focuses on the plant life of rocky and arid lands of the West, and includes detailed information on the preparation and use of these vital herbs.
The late Michael Moore wrote numerous classic works on the herbal plants of the West and Southwest, including Los Remedios: Traditional Herbal Remedies of the Southwest, Medicinal Plants of the Mountain West, and Medicinal Plants of the Pacific West as well as a host of clinical herb manuals. He was the founder and director of Southwest School of Botanical Medicine, in Bisbee, Arizona, where he worked as a writer, researcher, therapist, and teacher for professional herbalists.
Medicinal Plants of the Mountain West
Chaparral Shrublands of Southern California: A Folding Pocket Guide to Familiar Plants & Animals

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


More than a year after plans to ramp up training in the aviation sector were announced, Cambodia and South Korea have finally signed off on an agreement detailing the project.
Cambodia's Deputy Prime Minister Sok An and Baek Sook Hee, a representative of the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), pushed the deal through at the Office of the Council of Ministers on Friday.
Under the plan, KOICA will provide $10.1 million for the Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC), which is set to open at the eastern compound of Phnom Penh International Airport in 2015.
"The project … is very crucial in assisting Cambodia to acquire the knowledge and technology necessary to improve its aviation industry," Ek Tha, deputy director of the press department at the Council of Ministers, said.
Chea Aun, under-secretary of state of the State Secretariat of Civil Aviation as well as the project manager for the centre, said that it will provide thorough training for ground staff, flight crews and air traffic controllers.
In the second half of 2015, South Korea will send experts and instructors to conduct the training.
KOICA could not be reached for comment yesterday.


text:
2023: Nigerian needs credible candidate
A former Deputy Governor of Kogi State, Philip Salawu, in Abuja, Thursday, called on Nigerians to vote for a credible candidate in the 2023 presidential election, that would take the country to its destination.
He also expressed optimism that the 2023 polls would take place despite the election fever and security challenges.
Salawu stated these in an interview with journalists during the public presentation of a book titled, 'The Blueprint for National Retrieval Project: A Handbook for Changing the Unpleasant Narrative of Our National Life', written by Elder Ejodame Emmanuel.
Salawu noted that he was representing a former Head of State, General Yakubu Gowon (retd.), at the programme.
The author said the book presented a very unique opportunity "because the socio-political experiences of our time call for a solemn and sober reflection if the very lofty ideals and basic tenets of our brotherhood as a people with common destiny must be achieved."
Salawu was reacting to questions about fears for the 2023 elections amidst security challenges and demands by Nigerians that the Independent National Electoral Commission should have extended the time for the Continuous Voter Registration to avoid disenfranchisement of more than 30 million Nigerians.
Salawu said, "The message to Nigerians is to choose the candidate that you know will help us achieve this destination, a peaceful and prosperous nation. Gowon has seen it all; he has no fear, there is always the normal periodic election fever. It is the normal thing. It will ease out. Nigeria will be stable, I can assure you.
"General Gowon is not fearful, he is confident the election will hold. All these are general election fever, we have seen it before but then nothing happened."
Speaking on the recalcitrance of INEC to extend the CVR, the nationalist said he was sure that the commission had already registered enough voters.
"I believe we have enough pool of voters to determine a credible candidate," he said.
Earlier in his welcome address, Salawu said Gowon had devoted a large part of his life to nation building.
He said, "I am representing His Excellency, General Gowon, who is absent. He has devoted the rest of his life for the existence of Nigeria and he is out for anything that would benefit Nigeria. That is why he has directed me to be here to represent him."
Delivering a keynote address, founder and Chief Executive Officer of the Centre for Values in Leadership and renowned technocrat, Prof. Pat Utomi, regretted that Nigeria had not made tremendous progress, but, however, expressed optimism that there was still hope for the country.
He said, "It is a very sad statement about how little progress has taken place in our country, because in some ways, we have gone backwards since then. Sadly, things are much worse today than they used to be. This is not the much worse of old boys.
"In many ways some things are much better in Nigeria; but really and truly, so much is worse than they used to be. How did we get here? How did this great country of promise end up where we are?
"A number of things you can point to that show why we travel this sad part. But my message for you is that there is hope. We can turn this thing around.
"Part of what I intend to do, in this conversation is about how others have done it, show exactly what they did and some of the thoughts going down and going around by how this can be done, in Nigeria of today.
"I think the first thing I will like to establish is that values shape human progress. Where we are is the function of a crisis of values and I say this again given many of the things I have lived through, and developed.
"Today, in Nigeria, there has been a tyranny that has come to overtake us, and this tyranny is a tyranny of drivers.
"What we find in general behaviour as a country is that the kinds of values that have come to define what we think are dear to us are the things that take us away from progress.
"The tragedy of our country is that we went into a crisis of value, which resulted in a collapse of culture. Because of the collapse of culture that we have experienced in Nigeria, we have ended up in the situation where as the author of book to be presented pointed out, we don't have a compass, because we set out to go to Nasarawa, meanwhile we are driving full force towards Kogi, we will never reach Nasarawa.
"The faster we travel, the farther we get from Nasarawa; and that is what has been happening to Nigeria.
"I remember when President Goodluck Jonathan was about to host the world, in the World Economic Forum, here in abuja. The day before, he gave an interview that said, you know Nigeria has growing, developing and a good measure of that is the fact that we have the fastest growing private jet market in the world.
"Nigerians are buying more private jets than any other country in the world. I have no problem buying all the private jets in the world, but you have to earn the money. Don't you? To earn that money, you will create loss of jobs.
"How can you be buying private jets and there are no jobs in the country? It means that we are producing nothing. It means that those fellows are just taking, put their hands in the till and taking the common growth for their personal interest and it is not sustainble.
"This kind of unsustainable situation is what has brought us to where we are today. Without any pay, I can tell you 25 years ago that Nigeria will be where it is today.
"I told you, I wrote them down, not because I am particularly wise but because there are simple trends that will show you where you will get to if you are travelling down this part.
"Nigeria can return, I can give India's story, I can give other stories, but Nigeria will rise up again."
NFF fixes date for elective congress
'Ludicrous.' 'Ridiculous.' 'A complete fiction.': Former Trump officials say his claim of 'standing order' to declassify is nonsense
'Ludicrous.' 'Ridiculous.' 'A complete fiction.': Former Trump officials say his claim of 'standing order' to declassify is nonsense
Manchester City 6-0 Tomiris-Turan: English side through in Women's Champions League


My name is Lisa, and I hail from south Jersey (not to be confused with North Jersey where they actually do say "Joisey"). I'm forty-something and have been writing in one capacity or another since I could first string words together to form a sentence.
Writing has been the one true constant in my life, and has emotionally seen me through some rather rocky times, but it did not become a full-time endeavor for me until this past year. I had already been going through some major changes in my life and finally decided to take the plunge and given myself permission to follow my passion.
It hasn't been an easy road. Two and a half years ago I was in a twenty year marriage that I thought was a good one. I had a "safe" job that allowed for a bit of creativity amongst the endless office politics. I wrote part-time as a sideline business, and I lived in the same community I grew up in surround by "friends" I had known for years. Then I ended my marriage out of neccesity and my world imploded.
I was thrust into so many changes that it is a wonder that I didn't wind up getting fitted for a straight jacket! I moved to a new town with absolutely nothing but my personal possessions since my ex and I had been living with my elderly former mother -in- law for years. The "friends" whom I had considered family, became strangers, and my "safe" job turned into a constant battleground.
Slowly I overcame the shellshock and began the process of starting over (not a simple task…especially at my age). I made my little apartment into a home, tentatively started to make new friends, found new hobbies and interests (I've become addicted to golf!), and, last April, chucked my "safe" job, and all of the constant BS that went with it, to pursue my writing career.
Now, here I am, a bit over a year later and loving every day of my new life. Not that it hasn't been a struggle. There are months when I'm "robbing Peter to pay Paul" or picking up odd jobs just to make ends meet, but I'm living my life on my terms; you can't put a price tag on that!
If you have made it this far into my post, thank you for reading my ramblings. I'm sure you now know more about me than you really wanted (or needed) to! I look forward to getting to know all of you and learning the ins and outs of the site.


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J.Lo Hits Peak Mom as She Brings Her 9-Year-Olds on Ellen
By Lara Walsh Updated Apr 24, 2017 @ 8:00 am
Since first getting together just over a month ago, Jennifer Lopez and baseball legend Alex Rodriguez have already set out to put other A-list couples to shame with their romantic outings. Case in point: the smitten pair have been spotted redefining couple goals by wearing coordinating date outfits, working up a sweat together, and even meeting the parents.
Now the "Ain't Your Mama" star is admitting that although it's been a whirlwind romance, the lovebirds actually got off to a pretty ordinary start.
"It's very simple. I was having lunch somewhere and I saw him as he passed by," the Shades of Blue actress admitted on Monday's episode of The Ellen DeGeneres Show. She also revealed that she was the one who made the first move: "Afterwards I went outside and for some reason, I felt like tapping him on the shoulder."
After chatting for a few weeks about life in L.A. (A-Rod was a recent East Coast transplant), the star athlete finally mustered up the courage to ask the Latina songstress on a date.
"We had a nice dinner," the mom of two dished, and DeGeneres pressed, "And then a sleepover?"
"No," Lopez said. "Mama don't sleep over on the first date."
Although the episode was packed with new details on J.Lo's new romance there was one major distraction (well, actually two): the World of Dance judge's longtime loves—her adorable kids, Emme and Max. The 9-year-old twins made a special appearance on the talk show with their mom. Watch Lopez introduce them to the audience here:
The kids stole the show with their mischievous antics during Mom's interview and as they helped her compete in a game called "Last Dance" against World of Dance co-judge Derek Hough.
RELATED: Alex Rodriguez Finally Opens Up About Dating J.Lo, Spills 3 Things We Didn't Know
Watch J.Lo show off her moves in the clip above.


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We are proud to launch our Staff Excellence Awards for 2022 and are now asking the public for help in choosing the winners for two awards.
Make your nominations.
Help us to develop our Clinical Strategy
People interested in helping to shape the future of Norfolk and Suffolk mental health services are being invited to workshops in January and February.
Find out how you can get involved
Join our Public Board Meeting on 27 January.
View the details and join us
How you can improve your wellbeing during winter months.
Working together for better mental health
We believe in recovery and wellbeing, and understand the importance for you of good physical health, maintaining relationships and achieving a balance between treatments and continuing an active life.
Have your say about the service you've received.
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Our Pharmacy service supports staff, patients and carers to use medicines safely and effectively.
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We offer online video calls and appointments as an alternative to face-to-face appointments where this is felt appropriate by the service user.
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SUFFOLK USER FORUM AND NSFT SHORTLISTED FOR THE 2022 HSJ PARTNERSHIP AWARDS
Suffolk User Forum is delighted to announce that their Live Suicide Prevention webinars run alongside Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust the regions mental health provider has been shortlisted f...
Staff Excellence Awards: call for nominations
Do you know someone who works at NSFT who deserves recognition? The Trust has launched the Staff Excellence Awards 2022 and is asking the public for help in choosing winn...
Dr Beth Mosley awarded an MBE in the New Year Honours List 2022
Dr Beth Mosley's outstanding contribution to the mental health and wellbeing of young people in Suffolk has been formally recognised in the New Year's Honours List....
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Conclusion

•URGH! FRANKENSTEIN SAY TEST GOOOOD!!

•TDD helps with developing higher quality code that requires fewer future
 fixes

•Experimentation with unique testing methods helps to get around
 stumbling blocks

•Profiling can give quantifiable measures of performance

•TDD in the face of a team of ad hoc developers can help with CYA

•QA/QC will prevent rot

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Vladimir is a very old Russian city and one the Russia Golden Ring cities. The city situated on the high bank of the Klyazma river amazes with its size and beauty, magnificent golden-domed churches and buildings. A huge number of the architectural monuments in the city made it one of the largest tourist destinations of Russia.
Vladimir city tour consists of sightseeing of such place as Golden Gate - the symbol of the city. Long time ago the gate was an entrance to the city but nowadays it is a center of Vladimir. Recently renovated, they will tell you history of Vladimir.
During city tour you'll also visit the Dmitrievsky Cathedral and the Uspensky Cathedral. They were founded in th 12th century and resisted Tatar-Mongol invasion. For the last 30 years the Dmitrievsky Cathedral was closed for visits but today you can enjoy the magnificence of the Cathedral not only from outside, but from the inside too.
The Uspensky Cathedral is very beautiful. Its splendid golden domes and high belltower are seen from a distance. Inside of it you'll see the walls covered with frescoes of great Russian icon-painters.


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Tributyltin
Case Study of an Environmental Contaminant
$76.00 (C)
Part of Cambridge Environmental Chemistry Series
Editor: Stephen J. De Mora, Plymouth Marine Laboratory
S. J. de Mora, R. F. Bennett, Ph. Quevauviller, R. J. Maguire, G. Batley, C. Alzieu, P. E. Gibbs, G. Bryan, K. Bosselmann, C. Stewart
Date Published: March 2009
$ 76.00 (C)
This authoritative volume reviews the environmental chemistry and toxicological effects of a marine pollutant of exceptional potency, tributyltin (TBT), and outlines the international response to control TBT. TBT compounds have been widely utilized in marine anti-fouling paint formulations to obtain increased fuel efficiencies and long lifetimes for maritime vessels and structures. However, its extreme toxicity has resulted in numerous adverse biological effects, and its persistence ensures that such problems are likely to continue. A wide variety of disciplines are brought together to illustrate the general principles, pathways and problems involved in identifying and quantifying an environmental toxin, elucidating deleterious biological consequences, and the legal framework that can invoke mitigation via regulation. This text not only has wide appeal for undergraduate courses in environmental science, chemistry and marine ecology, but also forms a valuable sourcebook for environmental planners and serves as a 'successful' case study for undergraduate courses in environmental law, planning and science.
Inter- disciplinary case study of widespread environmental contaminant
Textbook for environmental science, ecology and environmental law
Wide variety of disciplines brought together to illustrate general principles involved in counteracting environmental pollutants
Review of the hardback: 'A valuable source book for environmental planners and regulators particularly given the recent emphasis on coastal planning and coastal aggregate superquarries in remote unpolluted waters … the book also serves as a model which could be used for other environmental contaminants.' Waste Planning
Review of the hardback: 'Tributyltin: Case Study of an Environmental Contaminant provides an interdisiplinary perspecitve that should make it an appealing resource for the teaching of environmental sciences and fodder for many vigorous discussions.' J. W. Miller, Environmental Quality
Review of the hardback: 'The authors and the editor have done a very good job producing a book that speaks in a comprehensive but concise multidisciplinary way to the TBT question. The level and readability of the chapters is excellent with material that will be of value to all levels of readers. This is a book that should be in every academic library and on the bookshelves of those working in the TBT field. Finally, this book will serve as the basis for many interesting courses and seminars in environmental science, policy and law.' David S. Page Elsevier
1. The tributyltin debate: ocean transportation versus seafood harvesting S. J. de Mora
2. Industrial manufacture and applications of tributyltin compounds R. F. Bennett
3. The analysis of butylated tin compounds in the environment and biological materials Ph. Quevauviller
4. The occurrence, fate and toxicity of tributyltin and its degradation products in fresh water environments R. J. Maguire
5. The distribution and fate of tributyltin in the marine environment G. Batley
6. Biological effects of tributyltin on marine organisms C. Alzieu
7. TBT-induced imposex in neogastropod snails: masculinization to mass extinction P. E. Gibbs and G. Bryan
8. Environmental law and tributyltin in the environment K. Bosselmann
9. The efficacy of legislation controlling tributyltin in the marine environment C. Stewart
Stephen J. De Mora, Plymouth Marine Laboratory
Introductory Chemistry for the Environmental Sciences
Analytical Geomicrobiology
A Handbook of Instrumental Techniques
The Ethics and Governance of Human Genetic Databases
European Perspectives
Modern Techniques of Surface Science
Biogeochemistry of Intertidal Sediments


text:
2017 Treiber Memorial Golf Outing
Oct 11, 2017 / Glen Cove, NY
Check out the photos.
SCO Honors Vincent Parziale, President and CEO of Gramercy Group, Inc.
More than 140 golfers teed off on October 11 for the SCO Treiber Memorial Golf Outing, raising nearly $450,000 to support the work of SCO Family of Services, a provider of human services for over 100 years. The funds will be used to help SCO provide vital services to more than 60,000 children, teens, families, and adults with special needs each year across Long Island and New York City.
SCO honored Vincent Parziale, President and Chief Executive Officer of Gramercy Group Inc., one of the top demolition companies in the country. Mr. Parziale is a champion of the children and families that SCO serves.
"We are honored to recognize Vincent Parziale for his compassion and commitment to the people in our care and in our community. His actions demonstrate what it means to give back," remarked SCO Deputy Executive Director Keith Little. "We're also fortunate to have so many friends who come out to this event year after year as part of the SCO family. Their support is critical to helping us build a strong foundation for the children and families we serve."
SCO extends its gratitude to this year's leading sponsors: The Treiber Family, Cynthia and Lee Vance, Gramercy Group, Inc., Benjamin Development Co., Colonial Wire & Cable, Irwin Siegel Agency, Inc., JoEllen & Scott Treiber, Sterling National Bank, and Zurich Insurance Group. Additional sponsors include: Alliant Insurance Services, Inc., Bays Lung Rose & Holma, Keri & Eric Carlstrom, Cool Running Interiors, Peggy & Bob Gartland, John & Joan D'Addario Foundation, Metro Environmental Services, LLC, Mutual of America, Narragansett Bay Insurance Company, Bob Sherman, Steel Equities, The Donaldson Organization, TNT Scrap LLC, and Wheatley Agency, Inc.


Sole proprietorship: A sole proprietorship , also known as a sole trader, is owned by one individual and operates for his or her benefit. The proprietor operates the business alone and will rent staff A sole proprietor has unlimited liability for all obligations incurred by the enterprise, whether from operating prices or judgements towards the business. All property of the business belong to a sole proprietor, including, for instance, computer infrastructure, any stock , manufacturing gear, or retail fixtures , in addition to any actual property owned by the sole proprietor.
Again in 1977, when the rule of thumb was issued, there probably weren't many bettors who stored a wager-by-guess file, irrespective of what number of instances the how-to books tell you to do it. Now, though, it is surprisingly easy to produce this document. Simply make every single guess through your ADW betting account, and then print out the monthly or annual statements on the end of the yr. Even if you're on the observe, make the bets by your account, both in your phone or pill or by using a card on the teller machines.
This entire thing makes me cringe. Wear what you need! Your sufficiently old to know what You like. So what if I have crapey pores and skin. It reveals I've lived. I'm not going to cover up my age as a result of it makes the young people uncomfortable. It's where we are all headed. May as well get snug with it. Maybe we should always be taught to focus on the issues that matter, like how we deal with one another and stop shaming folks about their appearance.
The West Coast Trek is a student-led trek to the San Francisco Bay Space. We visit corporations to learn more about their unique cultures and to attempt to get a way of what it is prefer to reside and work in the space. It's also an opportunity for trek members to make connections with enterprise folks, BU alumni, and local MBA students, in addition to build stronger relationships with the other BU college students that attend.
It was the wee hours of the evening, and the subtle ache I had felt in my eye the evening earlier than was definitely worse. I had identified it felt like a stye approaching but had desperately hoped I used to be fallacious. Surely, absolutely God didn't want me to have a stye in my eye. I had an invitation to a quilting the following day! I've simply released the updated edition of my first ebook, The Effectively-Fed Writer (initially an award-successful E-book-of-the-Month membership selection) – a closely up to date mixture of that first e book and its 2004 companion, TWFW: Again For Seconds. Properly then. you may must keep me updated in a couple of years on this prospected business of yours. Extra additionally comprises articles on finances that are useful to women seeking to make investments, retire or simply manage personal earnings, too. It's good to focus promoting a really distinctive product. Most businesses fail because of this.


Does Dream Wedding Insurance cover all wedding presents, including cheques, gift certificates, etc.?
Dream Wedding Insurance > FAQs > Does Dream Wedding Insurance cover all wedding presents, including cheques, gift certificates, etc.?
Yes, we will cover wedding gifts including gift certificates and money, up to the limit outlined in the policy wording.


Weblium Software development website template is a simple and modern way to create a website: it will perfectly represent your company online!
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Addresses, phone numbers, and business hours for UPS in Alaska.
UPS began as the American Messenger Company in 1907, when 19-year-old Jim Casey founded the company in Seattle, WA. The company later became the United Parcel Service, and today UPS is the world's largest package delivery company with a major global presence in specialized transportation and logistics services. UPS has been a Fortune 100 company since 1994. The company went public in 1999 and trades on the NYSE as UPS. The main Global Air Hub for UPS is in Louisville, KY, and their corporate headquarters is in Atlanta, GA.


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Posts Tagged 'Star Lord'
Movie Review: 'Guardians of the Galaxy' Freaks Out in a Moonage Daydream, Oh Yeah
by Joseph Dilworth, Aug 2 2014 // 4:43 PM
In 1977, at the age of 8, I sat in a theater and experienced the awe and wonder that was Star Wars. At the time, no one had any idea what kind of cultural significance it would have or what it would mean for cinema in general and science-fiction films in particular. Though there have been many books, essays and college theses that have attempted to quantify and examine those impacts over the years, at age 8 I didn't really care about such things.
If I'm being completely honest I should admit that I still don't, I just remember sitting in the darkened theater being completely pulled into a new and completely realized new universe of awe and wonder and being completely captivated and immeasurably entertained by it. Thanks to James Gunn and Guardians of the Galaxy, that feeling has returned 37 years later.
Posted in: Filmmaking · Marvel · Marvel Studios
Tagged: Action, Benicio Del Toro, Bradley Cooper, Chris Pratt, Comics, Dave Bautista, Djimon Hounsou, Glenn Close, Groot, Guardians of the Galaxy, James Gunn, John C. Reilly, Karen Gillan, Lee Pace, Marvel Studios, Michael Rooker, Nicole Perlman, Rocket, Sci-Fi, Star Lord, thanos, Vin Diesel, Walt Disney Studios, Zoe Saladana
Is Vin Diesel Groot or Just a Troll?
by John Carle, Aug 13 2013 // 9:00 AM
A select few saw, and most only heard about, the first peek at Guardians of the Galaxy when it was given at Comic-Con and part of the cast appeared on stage including Dave Bautista, Chris Pratt and a recently shaved headed Karen Gillan. But even though Drax, Starlord and Nebula were represented, there were a few characters vital to the Guardians of the Galaxy roster that were not present, notably Rocket Raccoon and Groot. Now while we weren' t expecting to see a walking and talking raccoon and tree combo take the stage, it was possible that their voice actors could have shown up, but that wasn't the case.
Yesterday, the internet nerd community went crazy with rumors of Vin Diesel getting the role of Groot. While it has been known that Diesel had spoken to Kevin Feige, it was said that Disney and Marvel might not be using him any time soon. Well this didn't mean anything to the internet after Vin Diesel briefly changed his Facebook cover image to that of Groot for a few minutes before changing it back to an image of himself shortly after.
(On a side note, can someone tell Vin how douchey it looks that half of the images he has used for cover images on Facebook were pictures of himself featuring his own quotes?)
Posted in: Comics · Marvel · Marvel Studios · Movies · News · Rumor
Tagged: Avengers, Avengers: Age of Ultron, Batista, Dave Batista, Dave Bautista, Drax, Drax the Destroyer, Groot, Guardians of the Galaxy, Marvel, Marvel Studios, Movies, Rocket Raccoon, Star Lord, The Avengers, Vin Diesel, Vision
Former WWE Champion Batista to Play Drax in 'Guardians of the Galaxy'
by John Carle, Mar 15 2013 // 8:00 AM
If you were looking for someone to fitting take on the role of a character whose last name is "The Destroyer", it isn't a shock to see that former WWE Champion Batista will be filling the boots of Drax in the Guardians of the Galaxy movie. Late yesterday, the Hollywood Reporter leaked the announcement that Dave Bautista would be taking on this role in Marvel's 2014 Summer Blockbuster.
Alongside Chris Pratt who will be playing the part of Star Lord, Dave Bautista will be filling the shoes of a team of cosmic heroes fairly unknown to the audience outside of the comic book world. Though having success in the better half of the last decade, the Guardians of the Galaxy are only known to the mainstream audience because of Marvel's announcements tying them in to the greater Avengers Marvel Studios film universe.
Posted in: Action · Announcements · Comics · Marvel · Marvel Studios · News · Rumor · Wrestling
Tagged: Avengers, Batista, Dave Batista, Dave Bautista, Drax, Drax the Destroyer, Guardians of the Galaxy, Hollywood Reporter, Marvel, Marvel Studios, Movies, Star Lord, The Avengers, WWE
'Guardians of the Galaxy' Gets A New Writer
by Jonathan Weilbaecher, Aug 3 2012 // 3:00 PM
Of all the 'Phase 2' movies Marvel is pushing out in the next few years, none is as risky as the Guardians of the Galaxy film. Not only is it the most exotic of any Marvel film yet produced, it also has to set a cosmic tone that The Avengers 2 will likely launch from.
So Marvel Studios really needs to get this one right, and according to The Hollywood Reporter, they have tapped a hot-shot new writer to take a crack at the script:
Chris McCoy is being tapped to rewrite Guardians of the Galaxy, Marvel Studios' space adventure movie… McCoy is considered to have a lot of heat as a writer. The scribe has had three of his specs land on the Black List: Get Back in 2007,Good Looking in 2009 and Good Kids in 2011. His scripts have been praised for their quirky comedic bent.
Sounds like the right angle for a script that features a bad ass talking tree and raccoon. Speaking of, the Hollywood Reporter also added some clarity to the team that Marvel is putting together for this version of the Guardians.
Aside from the already alluded to Groot and Rocket Raccoon, the team will also include Drax The Destroyer, Star Lord and Gamora. Phase 2 'big bad' Thanos is also likely to play a big part in this film in advance of him menacing The Avengers in their own blockbuster sequel.
We at The Flickcast will keep you updated on all the various 'Phase 2' projects as they progress forward.
Posted in: Action · Adaptation · Comics · Disney · Marvel · Marvel Studios · Movies · News · Sci-Fi · Writers
Tagged: Comics, Drax, Gamora, Groot, Guardians of the Galaxy, Marvel, Marvel Studios, News, Phase 2, Rocket Raccoon, Star Lord, thanos, The Avengers, Writer


Match report Toss won by Tigers CC 1 and they elected to bat first.
Tigers CC 1 (TCC1) scored 289 runs in 35 overs with a loss of 6 wickets.
United Cricket Club - R (UCC-R) replied back by making 188 runs in 27+ overs and were all out.
Needless to say - TCC1 won the match from UCC-R.
Scoresheet was not properly completed and the Umpires Names and team were not mentioned by TCC1 and UCC-R. Thus, it is unknown whether the umpires were certified or not.


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Is Iran Testing Trump with Little Attacks in Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and the Persian Gulf?
by Anne Speckhard | May 22, 2019 | Commentary, Geopolitics, Geopolitics & International Security
Anne Speckhard* & Ardian Shajkovci**
The sound of an explosion echoed through the Green Zone on Sunday (May 19, 2019) night around 9:00 p.m., a reminder that this most secure part of the Iraqi capital is not, in fact, all that safe. The projectile appears to have been aimed at the United States embassy and, after the blast, embassy sirens went off, accompanied by repeated warnings blaring on loudspeakers instructing everyone to take immediate cover.
Within the hour the missile was reported to have been fired from the Amana bridge in Baghdad, missing its likely intended target and landing in an empty field near the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, with no casualties reported.
But for a brief and highly fraught moment alarms were going off in Washington, as well, where the much-publicized threat of Iranian "proxy" attacks on U.S. interests and personnel, and the American response positioning bombers and aircraft carriers, have conjured the specter of a new Middle Eastern war. One breaking news service breathlessly reported National Security Adviser John Bolton "just seen arriving at the White House amid rocket attack possibly aimed at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad, Iraq."
President Trump, meanwhile, tweeted: "If Iran wants to fight, that will be the official end of Iran. Never threaten the United States again!" It is not clear if he was responding to the rocket, a Katyusha that might have been fired by any number of players in Iraq, or to threatening rhetoric by some Iranian officials, or both.
"According to a senior official in the Iraqi Counter Terrorism Services (CTS) the rocket Sunday night was launched by the Iranian-backed Kataib Hezbollah."
In any case, non-essential American personnel at the embassy had already been ordered to depart days earlier, many moving to posts in nearby countries to continue their work, and the U.S. embassy was already expecting a possible attack.
Our team of researchers for the International Center for the Study of Violent Extremism (ICSVE) landed in Baghdad on May 14, 2019, the day before the U.S. State Department issued the security alert to the "non-essentials" in Baghdad and Erbil, recommending they "depart Iraq by commercial transportation as soon as possible, avoid U.S. facilities within Iraq, monitor local media for updates, review personal security plans, remain aware of surroundings."
An earlier security alert on May 12 advised all U.S. citizens of heightened tensions in Iraq and the requirement to remain vigilant. It recommended not traveling to Iraq, avoiding places known as U.S. citizen gathering points, keeping a low profile and, once again, being aware of your surroundings.
For those of use who have been visiting Iraq since 2006, this seems at once familiar and strange. Is the threat greater now than it was when the U.S. embassy was housed in Saddam's former palace, and frequently underwent mortar fire? In those days none of the 5,000 embassy personnel were ordered home.
Despite President Trump saying he does not want war, does this action signal that something more than just mortar fire is about to come?
The lone, ineffectual projectile may have been intended a pin-prick provocation testing reactions without triggering full-fledged war."
A former senior diplomat who served in Iraq following the 2003 invasion warned that if the U.S. or Israel had decided to launch air strikes on Iran, emptying the embassy might be a smart move. Iran could strike back at a close and convenient target—the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad—and its ballistic missiles would be much more dangerous and difficult to withstand than mortars or Katyushas.
According to a senior official in the Iraqi Counter Terrorism Services (CTS) the rocket Sunday night was launched by the Iranian-backed Kataib Hezbollah. If it came on Iranian orders, the lone, ineffectual projectile may have been intended as a pin-prick provocation testing reactions without triggering full-fledged war. Other recent incidents—a drone attack on a Saudi pipeline; minor explosions on Saudi and other oil tankers—could fall into the same category.
Iraq, liberated from the tyranny of Saddam Hussein by the U.S.-led invasion of 2003, has come under increasing Iranian influence ever since, and the Iran-backed militias played a key role fighting the so-called Islamic State after the national army virtually imploded in 2014. They have since become a major element in the Iraqi defense apparatus, even though some 5,000 U.S. military personnel are on the ground training and working with other elements of the Iraqi military.
The threat inside Iraq to U.S. personnel was revealed in part to Iraqi leaders during Secretary of State Mike Pompeo's surprise visit here on May 7.
The secretary is reported to have told Iraqi officials that U.S. intelligence detected that Iranian-backed militias moving missiles near bases housing American forces. Reuters reported that, according to a senior Iraqi official privy to the substance of the talks, Pompeo asked the Iraqi government to rein in the Shiite militias. Pompeo also expressed U.S. concern about these militias' increased presence and influence in Iraq and warned that the U.S. would use force to tackle the security threats if necessary, without first consulting Baghdad.
Iraq's pro-Iranian military factions have long been a concern for U.S. personnel deployed in the region. Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba, a radical Shiite militia in Iraq has, for example, long been cooperating with the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), a group that was just declared by the U.S. State Department as a terrorist organization.
The newly appointed IRGC leader, Hossein Salami, replied that his people are proud to be called terrorists by President Trump while also threatening the U.S. and Israel.
The Iraqi militia, Nujaba, also was added by the U.S. State Department to the U.S. list of global terrorist organizations on March 7 this year and its leader Akram Kaabi was sanctioned.
Nujaba has been demanding that U.S. troops leave Iraq for quite some time. On May 12, Nujaba's leaders proclaimed, "Confrontation with the United States will only stop once it is eliminated from the region, along with the Zionist entity," while also stating that Iraqi resistance factions are ready to target U.S. interests in Iraq.
The Iranian-backed Kataib Hezbollah militia, which our source says was behind the Sunday night rocket attack, warned in February 2018 that it might engage in armed confrontation with US forces in Iraq at any moment. According to one Iraqi source, the Kataib Hezbollah is one of the militias that recently placed missiles near U.S. military bases.
The New York Times reported the the U.S. government was picking up an increase in conversations between the Revolutionary Guards and foreign militias discussing attacks on American troops and diplomats in Iraq.
The New York Times also reported that American officials cited intelligence from aerial photographs of fully assembled missiles on small boats in the Persian Gulf as cause for the U.S. administration to escalate its warnings about a threat from Iran. This created concerns that the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps would fire them at United States naval ships or American commercial ships.
An Iraqi source confirmed on May 18 that ExxonMobil was evacuating its personnel of 30 to 50 employees from Basra, Iraq, and that the Bahrain embassy had also evacuated its employees from both Iraq and Iran. And U.S. embassies disseminated a warning from the Federal Aviation Agency that U.S. commercial airliners flying over the waters of the Persian Gulf risk being misidentified and by implication shot down amid rising tensions between the U.S. and Iran.
A potential conflict much larger than Iranian-backed Shia militias throwing mortar fire at the now fortress-like U.S. Embassy appears to be brewing amid credible intelligence coupled with heated anti-American rhetoric.
Yet, security threats to U.S. personnel serving in Iraq are nothing out of the ordinary and date back to the 2003 U.S. invasion. At the height of its activities, the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad had thousands of personnel, including contractors. They regularly suffered all sorts of threats from IED attacks when they ventured out on the road, RPG fire when they used helicopters, snipers when they were out in public view and intermittent but regular mortar fire that rained down on the temporary trailers that served as housing near the old Saddam palace where they worked. One mortar penetrated a window to the bathroom of the Deputy U.S. Ambassador's office, situated inside the palace, destroying the brick wall around the window. It was later bricked up completely. The walkway from the trailers to the palace was mortared so often and so hard that it was nicknamed "death alley" by embassy personnel serving there.
While embassy personnel received danger and hardship pay, none were ordered home during those years, and danger was considered a part of the assignment. IED's and mortars occasionally killed embassy personnel, but that did not stop the mission.
At present, the U.S. Embassy Baghdad is housed in a complex on a closed street that only badged officials can enter. The grounds are heavily walled walled and difficult to enter and inside, the buildings appear strongly built to withstand assault.
In Erbil, in Iraqi Kurdistan, which also fell under the non-essential personnel evacuation order, a restaurant nearby was attacked by a car bomb in 2015, killing three non-Americans. But, while less robustly built, the consulate also is behind a concrete walled-off security space.
U.S. Embassy diplomatic personnel posted in both Baghdad and Erbil infrequently leave their fortresses and when they do travel around Iraq, their security requirements require using armored cars, wearing bullet proof vests and flack helmets and traveling with armed security guards, sometimes with chase and lead cars in a convoy.
Likewise, U.S. Embassy Baghdad and the consulate in Erbil are not family postings—diplomatic personnel serve for one or two years, leaving their family members behind.
The new embassy building, not far from the old one, was planned during the time of frequent attacks and was undoubtedly built to withstand mortar storms. Long and short-range ballistic missiles however constitute a whole different threat and it's not publicly known if the new embassy has bomb-hardened resistant bunkers to protect embassy personnel.
Whether U.S. embassy non-essential personnel will return to post anytime soon remains to be seen, and given the dangers such personnel have faced in the past and the fortress in which they currently serve, why they were really ordered home is also still an unanswered question. With ships coming to the region and troops readying for potential travel, serious troubles may well be on the horizon.
While the saber rattling on both sides continues, Baghdad has also made clear that it doesn't want to become the battlefield.
This article was first published on May 20, 2019 on The Daily Beast
* Anne Speckhard, Ph.D., is Director of the International Center for the Study of Violent Extremism (ICSVE) and serves as an Adjunct Associate Professor of Psychiatry at Georgetown University School of Medicine. She has interviewed over 600 terrorists, their family members and supporters in various parts of the world including in Western Europe, the Balkans, Central Asia, the Former Soviet Union and the Middle East. In the past two years, she and ICSVE staff have been collecting interviews (n=101) with ISIS defectors, returnees and prisoners, studying their trajectories into and out of terrorism, their experiences inside ISIS, as well as developing the Breaking the ISIS Brand Counter Narrative Project materials from these interviews. She has also been training key stakeholders in law enforcement, intelligence, educators, and other countering violent extremism professionals on the use of counter-narrative messaging materials produced by ICSVE both locally and internationally as well as studying the use of children as violent actors by groups such as ISIS and consulting on how to rehabilitate them. In 2007, she was responsible for designing the psychological and Islamic challenge aspects of the Detainee Rehabilitation Program in Iraq to be applied to 20,000 + detainees and 800 juveniles. She is a sought after counterterrorism experts and has consulted to NATO, OSCE, foreign governments and to the U.S. Senate & House, Departments of State, Defense, Justice, Homeland Security, Health & Human Services, CIA and FBI and CNN, BBC, NPR, Fox News, MSNBC, CTV, and in Time, The New York Times, The Washington Post, London Times and many other publications. She regularly speaks and publishes on the topics of the psychology of radicalization and terrorism and is the author of several books, including Talking to Terrorists, Bride of ISIS, Undercover Jihadi and ISIS Defectors: Inside Stories of the Terrorist Caliphate. Her publications are found here: and on the ICSVE website. Follow @AnneSpeckhard
**Ardian Shajkovci, Ph.D. – is the Director of Research and a Senior Research Fellow at the International Center for the Study of Violent Extremism (ICSVE). He has been collecting interviews with ISIS defectors and studying their trajectories into and out of terrorism as well as training key stakeholders in law enforcement, intelligence, educators, and other countering violent extremism professionals on the use of counter-narrative messaging materials produced by ICSVE both locally and internationally. He has also been studying the use of children as violent actors by groups such as ISIS and how to rehabilitate them. He has conducted fieldwork in Western Europe, the Balkans, Central Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, mostly recently in Jordan and Iraq. He has presented at professional conferences and published on the topic of radicalization and terrorism. He holds a doctorate in Public Policy and Administration, with a focus on Homeland Security Policy, from Walden University. He obtained his M.A. degree in Public Policy and Administration from Northwestern University and a B.A. degree in International Relations and Diplomacy from Dominican University. He is also an adjunct professor teaching counterterrorism and CVE courses at Nichols College.


With lyrics about unions, discrimination and bullying, Arlene Mantle's songs became the soundtrack to Toronto's workers' and women's rights movements in the 1980s. But with such direct, call-to-action songwriting, like that in "Smash the Right," her songs could have easily been written for the more recent Occupy movement, Montreal student protests or Idle No More.
Fittingly, the work of the activist, musician and proud lesbian, who died last September at age 72, will be brought back to life as part of the Mayworks Festival of Working People and the Arts.
The festival runs until May 15, with theatre, music, poetry, workshops and film events taking place throughout Toronto. The tribute concert to Mantle, at Trinity St Paul's United Church on May 11, is one of the festival's biggest events this year.
Robertson, a founding member of black Pride group Blockorama, met Mantle when they were both politically active in the 1980s.
"She spoke about the reality of working women's lives, the impact of poverty on women's lives. She talked about the need for women organizing as workers and as a response to inequality, and that resonated with me," Robertson says.
Though a woman of little financial means, Mantle managed to have an impact on many people, mostly through her music. The collective songwriting sessions she hosted helped marginalized groups get their messages out, her former manager and long-time friend Jayne Walker says.
"Arlene was a woman who had many struggles in her life, not only as a poor woman, but as a beaten woman and a lesbian woman. But she was outspoken; she voiced things that many people couldn't say. She was a wonderful entertainer, a fabulous musician and so funny," Walker says.
Many faces — some familiar, some new — are coming together for the celebration: dub poet Lillian Allen; activists and musicians Faith Nolan, Dinah Thorpe and Amai Kuda; Chilean band Grupo Taller; and Mantle's daughter, Lynn.
"It's going to be a ruckus night and one that would be in the spirit of Arlene — the range of artists that are on the program are not from any one agenda," Robertson says.
The rest of the festival gives a platform to a similar variety of voices, from an Idle No More teach-in (May 11 at Toronto Council Fire Native Cultural Centre), to works inspired by the impact of government austerity measures on the Jane and Finch neighbourhood (May 1 at York Woods Library).
Events by queer artists include Spatial Profiling, an installation by Francisco-Fernando Granados (May 2 at Huntclub), and a play, Karuppi (May 5 at Wychwood Theatre), and theatre workshop (May 8 at the Academy of the Impossible) by theatre artist Ponni Arasu.


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The double micro is an impressive construction. This smaller bubbler style platform is the same as the Double Fullsize showerhead but with a bent bubbler style neck. The results of this combination is a massive amount of diffusion and still zero drag. A direct inject upgrade will make convenience the icing on this flame polished cake.


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Bird Watching In RI
Block Island was named a "Last Great Place" by The Nature Conservancy. Block Island's international fame is that it is home to 15 rare or endangered species. And the island is a critical migratory bird stopover point on the Atlantic Coast. Hundreds of small ponds and fruit-bearing shrubs provide essential water and food for more than 250 species of birds that come to rest there.
Formed by glaciers nearly 10,000 years ago, Block Island, Rhode Island is located 12 miles off the southern shore of the smallest state. The island is made up of a diverse array of geographical features and habitats such as beaches, sand dunes, coastal bluffs, grasslands, scrubland, salt ponds and various other freshwater wetland ecosystems.
These habitats support a unique assortment of wildlife, making it one of the most ecologically significant areas in the state and in the entire northeast. Thousands of migratory shorebirds, waterfowl, raptors, and songbirds also depend on the Island as a stopover point on their journey north and south along the Atlantic Flyway. Over 70 species of migratory song birds visit the island each fall. The Piping Plover, a threatened species, may be found here. Block Island is home to the largest Gull colony in Rhode Island. With nearly half of the island preserved as open space and sanctuary, birding opportunities are virtually unlimited!
Several inns and hotels on the island cater to birders, such as the Island Home Inn and the Inn at Block Island. Guided birding tours are available on foot or by boat and can be arranged via the Block Island Tourism Council. Birders can also explore on their own, and should take in the following areas on the island:
Clay Head Preserve
Located in the northeast part of Block Island, the Clay Head Preserve is privately-owned 150 acre preserve protected by conservation easements and is one of the best places to observe migratory songbirds in North America in the fall. The trail runs east toward the ocean, past Clay Head Swamp. The trail winds up above the clay bluffs for which this area was named. At the top of the incline, trails heading away from the ocean are known as the "maze". These intertwining trails are unmarked and are perfect for hours of wandering.
Fresh Swamp Preserve
Located in the middle of the southern part of the island this preserve is composed of meadow and upland shrub habitat. This preserve was conserved by The Nature Conservancy as an important feeding area for the state endangered barn owl. The state endangered northern harrier nests on the property as well. Other species of interest that occur on the property are the Block Island meadow vole, savannah sparrow, and the federally endangered American burying beetle.
Hodge Family Wildlife Preserve
The most recent large-scale conservation purchase consists of 25 acres and connects to the Block Island National Wildlife Refuge. Migratory songbirds, the state-endangered northern harrier, and the Block Island meadow vole all call this preserve home.
Rodman's Hollow
This 230-acre glacial outwash basin is considered the birthplace of conservation on Block Island. The state-threatened northern harrier feeds and nests here, and the only natural population of federally-endangered American burying beetle east of the Mississippi lives here.
Block Island National Wildlife Refuge
Totaling 133 acres, the refuge is distinctive because it works closely with other conservation organizations in an effort to protect land. Most importantly, the refuge is exceptional because of its location on an internationally recognized island of conservation. As with all National Wildlife Refuges, the refuge on Block Island maintains wildlife conservation as its first priority. However, refuge beaches are open for bird-watching. Visitors seeking an out-of-the-way adventure will be delighted by the impressive landscape and the diversity of wildlife.
This blog is courtesy of www.visitrhodeisland.com
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We truly offer a little something special for everyone! Our guests can choose from one of our unique stay style options; Motel, Villa, Apartment, Townhouse or Cottage. Depending on the size of your party we have stay options to fit your needs.
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Iraq war continues to dog Bush
Democrats have accused the US president of living in a 'fantasy world' over the unpopular war in Iraq that could cost his Republican party control of the US Congress.
Bush says US troops will not leave Iraq until the job is done
Before leaving Washington on a midterm election campaign tour, George Bush held a 50-minute videoconference with Nuri al-Maliki, the Iraq prime minister.
In the video on Saturday, Bush said that, despite the election-year pressure, he would not alter his support for al-Maliki's government.
With the number of US soldiers killed in Iraq in October reaching 98, the highest toll since January 2005, some politicians have urged the administration to use timetables or other means to press al-Maliki to rein in militias.
Election pressures
Democrats, in their weekly radio address, repeated their election message that Bush has botched the Iraq war.
James Webb, a candidate in a key Senate race in Virginia who delivered the address, said: "With the right leadership, the situation in Iraq is solvable, in a way that will increase stability in the Middle East and reduce the threat of international terrorism.
"With the right leadership, the situation in Iraq is solvable, in a way that will increase stability in the Middle East and reduce the threat of international terrorism"
James Webb,
Democrat candidate in Virginia
"But the key word is leadership, which has been a scarce commodity among this administration and its followers."
Webb, a Vietnam veteran, highlighted comments from Republicans such as John Warner, the Virginia senator, and James Baker, a former secretary of state, who have suggested the surging violence may call for a fresh strategy in Iraq.
"They are moving away from the fantasy world of this administration, toward real solutions," he said.
Webb is running against Senator George Allen, whose seat was once considered safe but who is now in a close race.
A number of nationwide polls, including one by Reuters/Zogby released on Thursday, show voters favouring Democratic candidates over Republicans.
The president's plan
Ten days before the congressional elections, the president told hundreds of soldiers and their families he had a plan to stabilise Iraq and that leaving too quickly would be a mistake.
"Five years after 9/11 and four years into the war in Iraq, the record is clear. President Bush and his Republican Congress have made America less safe"
Jim Manley, spokesman for Harry Reid of Nevada, the Senate Democratic leader
"It's tough fighting, because the enemy understands the stakes of a free Iraq," Bush said in a speech at Charleston Air Force Base.
"Make no mistake about it, if the United States of America were to leave before the job is done, the enemy will follow us here," Bush said.
"And that is why we will fight in Iraq. And that is why we will win in Iraq."
Jim Manley, a spokesman for Senate Democratic Leader Harry Reid of Nevada, accused Bush of trying to scare Americans.
"Five years after 9/11 and four years into the war in Iraq, the record is clear. President Bush and his Republican Congress have made America less safe," he said.


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Review: The Seagull (The Chekhov Collective)
March 8, 2014 Istvan Dugalin
Exceptionally crafted performances light up the stage in The Seagull at Toronto's Berkeley Theatre
For their production of Anton Chekhov's The Seagull, the Chekhov Collective has utilized the Chekhov Technique. (Phew! Three "Chekhovs" in one sentence!) What the technique boils down to this: in-depth awareness of body and psychology, forging them into tools to bring characters to life.
This, you can imagine, takes a great deal of time. Those Russian masters would work on theatrical productions for years before presenting them to audiences. Keeping this tradition alive, the Chekhov Collective's production is a carefully wrought gem. After a year of preparation, the fruits of their labour now grace the stage at the Berkeley Street Theatre.
All four acts take place at a lakeside country estate. In the first Act, Konstantine tries to present his play to a small gathering of friends and family. He is a young writer, distrustful of artistic conventions, and seeks to find "new forms" for drama. His mother, Irina (an actress), loves him dearly but finds his ideas and erratic behaviour tedious. Her flippant reaction to his unconventional play—which he hoped would impress her—throws him into a fit of rage.
From this point on, all of the characters struggle with notions of art and life, practicalities and philosophy, and it is all very funny and deeply haunting.
These characters probe each other in the hope of discovering the essence of someone else, experience life from some other perspective, but ultimately they discover this truth: regardless of circumstances—age, gender, profession—we all must suffer. All of us, bound by the same temporal limitations, have a small window of opportunity to experience what we call life. And it is a constant struggle to give it value and purpose.
Chekhov is far easier to watch than he is to read. There is beauty in the language, certainly, but on the page, it's tricky following who's saying what and to whom. The characters in Russian literature go by so many different names. There are family names, given names, nicknames and a whole bunch of suffixes and variations depending on gender and social standing… it can be very confusing. With this play in particular, there are lines that seem, on the page, to be non-sequiturs. Reading it, I felt as if I was always missing something.
These problems vanish completely when the play is performed. For one thing, the names don't cause any problems because you can clearly identify who's speaking to whom. And those jarring leaps from one subject to another: they become natural—and, more importantly, meaningful—when in the context of a performance.
Chekhov called this a comedy and it is, indeed, quite funny. But there is much anger and pain beneath the humour. There is also some genuine happiness, but the play gets heavier as it progresses. By the fourth Act, there is a pervasive sense of doom that gave me chills. Even though I knew what the final moments held in store for me, I still held my breath, hoping for some alternative.
Rob Gray's set is simple and evocative. Practically, it suggests a white-stained veranda, but it also serves a symbolic purpose. The structure begins, at one end of the stage, fresh and solid, but it becomes increasingly faded and misshapen as it extends across. It is a reflection of life. Over the course of the play, we are shown how fragile and temporary we all are, despite how pristine and immortal we seem in youth.
Each performance is an individual masterpiece. As hyperbolic as that sounds, I am sincere. This isn't the result of a standard six weeks of line memorization and blocking. This is more refined. Every glance, every shudder, each laboured breath and weighty silence is charged with emotion. Even if they aren't the obvious focus of a moment, there was something deeply compelling in whichever face caught my eye.
It is usually my intention to highlight key performances and name those who have most impressed me, but that just isn't possible here. Each performance is poignant and integral to the whole. To single out any one of them would be a disservice to this company's achievement.
I've not often experienced something so full of nuance, so perfect in its complexity, and so amusing while it tore my heart out.
The Seagull is playing at the Berkeley Street Theatre, Upstairs (26 Berkeley Street) until March 23.
Shows run Tuesday through Saturday at 8PM, with Saturday and Sunday Matinees at 2PM
Tickets range from $36 to $42
Tickets can be purchased at the Box Office in person, by phone (416.368.3110) or online
Photos of Sean Sullivan and Greg Ellwand (above), Rena Polley and Riley Gilchrist (below) by Victoria Carr
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Make a few slashes in the chicken pieces to help the marinade penetrate the flesh. Put the chicken into a non-metallic dish or a large ziplock bag. Pick the herbs then roughly chop. Mix them with the wine, lemon zest, garlic and oil with plenty of freshly ground black pepper.
Mix the marinade with the chicken, pushing it into the slashes. Cover and refrigerate overnight. You can either barbecue the chicken or roast it at 200 C, 180 C fan, 400 F, gas 6 for 25 to 30 minutes. Ideally, roast it and then finish off on the barbecue to get that lovely charred flavour. Serve with a squeeze of lemon – it's delicious with our Chorizo and pasta salad (right).


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Big Ten football?
The Big Ten is expected to cancel its fall college football season, all because of the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, multiple people with knowledge of the decision told the Detroit Free Press yesterday.
"It's done," one high-ranking source in the Big Ten said Monday afternoon. Sources said the presidents were in favor Sunday of not playing sports in the conference this fall. Multiple sources said early Monday morning that presidents voted 12-2 to not play this fall, though the Big Ten said Monday afternoon no official vote had taken place. Dan Patrick, who first reported the 12-2 vote, said on his radio show that Iowa and Nebraska were the two schools in favor or playing.
The situation is fluid as the Big Ten wanted to coordinate any announcement with other Power Five conferences. Since then, coaches and players in the conference, including OSU head coach Ryan Day and QB Justin Fields, have lobbied for the season to commence this fall. "Swinging as hard as we possibly can right now for these players!! This isn't over!," Day tweeted.
ESPN college football analyst Kirk Herbstreit tweeted: "To be clear regarding (Big Ten football) and their impending announcement - they are looking TO DELAY the start of the season NOT TO CANCEL." "As we know this is a very fluid and ongoing situation," Herbstreit said in a follow-up tweet. "Things are said one minute and changed the next. So we'll see what happens in the next 24-48 hours. Numerous options in play. We can all hope there will be CFB at some point."


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