"We play a different style of football to other teams"
Second place in the Bundesliga after eleven matchdays, the chance to qualify for the Champions League knockout stages still there for the taking after four matches in that competition and the narrow loss in the DFB-Pokal thriller against Bayern. It is time for a summary of the season so far.
We spoke to head coach Ralph Hasenhüttl about the first third of the season, his highlights and opinions on how the team can improve and the targets going forward.
Boss, the first third of the season is out of the way. What have you taken from the games so far?
We have had the experience of having to compete on three fronts – in the Bundesliga, Champions League and the DFB-Pokal. Sometimes it is hard for teams to struggle with such a workload. But we have done well to always be able to put a fresh side out so far. We have always had the necessary alternatives to rotate the team without losing out on quality because of our squad depth, which Ralf Rangnick strengthened extremely well in the summer. It has worked really well. And the boys have been great at accepting the decisions and got on with the job at hand – whether they are in the starting XI or have been brought on as a sub. In that way we have been able to bring in players who had been rested to turn matches around, like for instance in the home game against Hannover.
What positives can you take from the three competitions?
We have managed to improve our tactical flexibility. And we have adapted well to different tasks, with or without the ball. We aren't as easy to figure out any more and we have lots of different ways of playing now. We can win games when we have most of the possession but we can also make it awkward for the opponents when we have less of the ball, like in the Dortmund game. We pull through whatever is required – with a man less, if we have to (laughs) – and we have a solution for almost everything. And despite this we still have a lot more to give. We still have the feeling that we have got even more to prove.
What has been your highlight from the first third of the season?
The DFB-Pokal tie at home to FC Bayern was a definite highlight. To fight the way we did with a man less and to come back the way we did – that was brilliant!
Our first Champions League home game against Monaco was also very emotional. It is something special when you hear the song for the first time. We had worked hard for that moment for a whole year. That was a great moment. And the 3-2 win in Dortmund was also a great day.
"The DFB-Pokal game against Bayern, our first Champions League game and that 3-2 win over Dortmund. Those have been the biggest highlights!"
You had to play both games against Bayern with ten men. How do you ensure that doesn't happen again?
It's difficult. You have to be at 100% to win those games. When you're the last man and you go in for the tackle, you have to be spot on. A millisecond late and it's a red card. I have nothing critical to say about my players though – I'm not going to rip anybody's head off for making the tackle a second late.
What has the team done well so far this season?
I feel like we've been very good on the ball. We've often come up against teams that defend very deep. Against Hannover, we had to work the ball, find room and those spaces to create chances. The patience the boys showed, to keep on going and to keep on trying, is really good to see.
Sometimes, we've lost games we could have drawn because defensive errors have led to opponents' goals. We haven't been good enough at times in the Champions League. Our defensive work needs a bit of work. We know that and we're trying to improve.
"We're committed to our open and attractive way of playing football"
Leipzig's team is the youngest in all three of the competitions the team is playing in. What are the advantages of such a young side?
Against Hannover, we fielded our youngest team ever. That shows what the club is all about. We play a different style of football to other teams, and so we need players who are fully committed to our philosophy, our style of football and the way we work off the ball.
I think some of our Champions League games, like against Porto and Besiktas, have shown that we can sometimes be a little naïve. You don't always win games with quality alone. Sometimes you need to grind out results. All the same, we're committed to our open and attractive way of playing football – even if that sometimes means we're exposed at the back. Attacking is what Leipzig is all about and we plan to stick to that tactic.
What's the team's next goal?
Our next challenge is the away game against Leverkusen, but then we have those two Champions League matches against AS Monaco and Besiktas, which we have to win to stay in the competition. Monaco will be a real challenge because it's away. Our fans will be crucial. They gave us that extra motivation when we were 1-0 down against Hannover. That's our main goal after all, to put on an exciting performance for our supporters.


We are looking for a passionate, dedicated, and motivated Head of PE who is willing to lead the PE department and 'Bring out the Best' in our students at Oxted School.
We are part of the DfE's 'Return to Teaching' programme for more experienced teachers looking to return to the classroom. We are looking for staff to join our team who are passionate about improving students' life chances and capable of contributing to a highly effective and supportive PE teaching team and our extensive enrichment programme.


After the success that was April I'm going to do the same again this month.
Biggest thing that needs to be tackled is the bathroom.
Last September I had a little accident, a bottle of hair dye flew across the room leaving a trail of Dexter-like platters in it's wake. So this month here at BeeBee Towers we are going to concentrate on undoing that.
I've been umming and ahhing over what to do for a while, but now it's time to sort it out. The wallpaper is going to come off and the walls will be painting. We still need to choose a colour and the appropriate accessories of course.
The bathroom is going to be the main focus this month.
Clearing the coffee table in the front room window and keeping it clear.
Getting on top of my mending bag, I'm sure it has a life of it's own.
Tackling the multiplying dust bunnies under the bed.


text:
Oryctes nevadensis est une espèce de plantes de la famille des Solanaceae. C'est l'unique espèce décrite du genre botanique Oryctes  et par conséquent la seule acceptée dans le genre à l'heure actuelle.
Elle vit dans le Nevada et la Californie.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Oryctes

Oryctes nevadensis

Espèce d'Angiospermes (nom scientifique)
Solanaceae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
How-to: Collecting
The blue-blooded set has long amused itself with some of the silliest pastimes there are. Johnson & Johnson heir Jamie Johnson's father told him, with regard to what he ought to do with his life post-college, "Well… you could always collect antique maps."
That father is, according to inter-web research, "James Loring Johnson, who leads a quiet life of reading and painting landscapes."
Eccentric hobbies and collections of staggering triviality taken up by well-bred patricians proclaim their adherents' station by their frivolity: I am sufficiently wealthy as to not have to care about life's hassles; that I spend my time collecting English sextants implies I am not required to spend my time doing anything else, like earning money or paying bills.
The more esoteric the hobby or assemblage, the better. Collecting baseball cards can be fun but it's not very impressive, because it's common and cheap to do. Better a trove of briarwood pipes or French birding manuals. In a pinch, antique horse bridles will suffice.
The more trivial the things collected or the hobby engaged in, and the more expensive and difficult to collect or undertake, the better.
Editor's note: collections and activities having to do, in some degree or other, with birds, dogs, horses, sailing, maps, tweed, the original American colonies, old books, geneology, or things which are British are best. Aim for one of those, or combine them all: your editorial staff, for example, collects British genelogy books which trace the bloodlines of labradors from the Plymouth Bay colony to modern day. The books come with maps and are bound in tweed.
Leave a Comment »	| Social Scene	| Tagged: antique maps, collecting, collection, James Loring Johnson, Jamie Johnson, Johnson & Johnson, WASP, WASPy, Waspy collection, Waspy hobby	| Permalink
Declination Americana
Dan Neil's op-ed "My Carhartt Detroit Jacket" was published in The Wall Street Journal March 5, 2011.
His baseball cap was about as used-up as could be and still claim the dignity of being called headwear. It was torn up and brown with dried sweat, a workingman's crown of thorns. Above the brim it said "Carhartt."
"I started buying Carhartt clothes when I moved to Montana and took up trail work," said Dustin Gaines, 35, of Livingston, sitting in a coffee shop in Raleigh, N.C., with his wife, Shannon O'Malley. "I think their clothes are really well built." Mr. Gaines, now a carpenter, was wearing scuffed-up canvas Carhartt "logger" pants, the kind with a double layer of fabric riveted to the leg fronts. "He got married in these," Ms. O'Malley noted.
Your editorial staff's prized Carhartt.
In my perfect and naïve universe, where brands have meaning and meanings matter, only people like these should be allowed to buy Carhartt, from the Dearborn, Mich.-based manufacturer of sturdy work clothes. As one blue-collar brand after another—Levi's, Wrangler, Dr. Martens—has descended into galling hipsterism, co-opted by soft-handed college students who wear their irony like John Deere baseball caps, Carhartt has managed to stand apart, the secret handshake of the American yeomantry.
My own Carhartt jacket, a tan hooded "Detroit" model, was forever my sartorial entrée to the working class. Whenever I needed to pass among them on some journalistic assignment or other—sprint car racing in Knoxville, Iowa, sand dragsters in Oklahoma—I'd shoulder on the Carhartt and begin speaking in the hard, flat drawl of my youth. For me, Carhartt was camouflage, but not the deer-hunting kind.
That jacket, pale with age, is gone now, I know not where. And as I considered replacing it recently I had to recalibrate the meaning, the code of the brand, which has changed drastically in my lifetime, and not to my taste.
Carhartt is in the midst of a streetwear breakout. The Carhartt catalog is filled with slim-fit women's jeans, logo-wear hoodies and the company's own collection of cool-kid casual wear, the 1889 Collection (named after the year the company was founded). In Europe Carhartt has gone full "Gap," in collaboration with the German clothier Work in Progress. The European Carhartt clothing line is, if anything, anti-work, a slagheap of thrift-shop dishevelment—letterman cardigans and puffy thermal vests—designed for inked-up millennials. The company has collaborated with shoemakers Vans and Burton, and maintains affinity-marketing programs targeting skaters and BMX riders. I say the following in my best grumpy-old-man voice: Bah.
The Carhartt-wearers of my youth—the hunters and horsemen of eastern North Carolina—would have escorted these lanky Euro-goofs to the edge of town and roughly deposited them from the beds of pickups.
Most troubling of all, Carhartt is going prêt-à-porter: In May, the company will roll out the Adam Kimmel collection—he's a well-groomed New York menswear designer—to be retailed through that well-known farm-and-feed outlet, Barney's. Offerings will include a cashmere knit beanie and a quilted blazer in moleskin.
I don't begrudge any company growing its business and I have reason to be sympathetic to Carhartt, a family-owned business that maintains its headquarters and studios in Michigan, which is nowhere near Seventh Avenue. Carhartt also manufactures about 10% of its merchandise in the USA, which is roughly 10% more than Nike.
Nor is this Carhartt's first brush with clothing-as-costume. In the 1990s, hip-hop artists started sporting Carhartt clothes and Timberland boots in a way that, deconstructed, spoke of the hard times of urban life.
Still, it seems to me, something has been lost, the silent signification of the Carhartt as something real and invested, productive and capable, grounded and consequential—exactly like the people who wore it.
North Face suffered a similar fate. The company that became famous for hard-core mountaineering gear has become utterly trivialized by its popularity. Now any kid with 100 bucks can step out in 700-fill technical clothing. The mall has replaced the Matterhorn.
I bought a deep violet Carhartt Detroit jacket last week—my local tack store was out of the tan. And I have to say, I was reassured. Still the same cotton duck fabric, still the distinctive triple-stitched seams at the shoulders and gussets. No sign as yet the company was extracting profit by using a cheaper stitching process. The big-gauge, brass-like zipper was right where I left it, with a pull tab big enough to be worked with heavy gloves. The elastic gathers at the waist and wrists shut out the cold. The quilted poly-fill batting inside the jacket was thin but surprisingly warm.
Flattering it's not. With the oversized hood up, the jacket makes me look a little like the Unibomber. But it is tough and diesel and warm and venerable. It feels like it could ward off bullets. I got it on sale for about $50. I can't remember the last time so much satisfaction came at anywhere near that price.
I'm sorry that Carhartt is no longer the Navajo code talk of working men and women. But as long as the company keeps building the Detroit jacket, I'll keep coming back.
2 Comments	| Social Scene	| Tagged: Carhartt, Carhartt clothing, Carhartt jacket, Dearborn, Dearborn MI, Dearborn Michigan, MI, Michigan	| Permalink
Dartmouth Rugby Opens Season Strong
The Dartmouth Rugby Football Club opened its Spring season this past weekend with a 15-5 victory over an agile, strong University of Delaware side in Newark, Del., on that school's Frazier Field.
The match was also the DRFC's first as part of the newly-formed College Premier Division, a goup of rugby-playing colleges and universities to which Dartmouth was recently added. The Division is comprised of the 31 best collegiate rugby teams in the country, which are sub-divided by regional conference. The formation is new to American collegiate athletics, which had not previously recognized top-flight programs with their own division.
The DRFC next plays the Pennsylvania State University, and then travels to Barbados for its annual Spring Tour.
2 Comments	| Dartmouth College	| Tagged: College Premier Division, college rugby, collegiate rugby, Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Dartmouth rugby, Dartmouth Rugby Football Club, DRFC, Frazier Field, Newark, Newark Delaware, Pennsylvania State University, rugby, University of Delaware, university rugby	| Permalink
Notes & Asides
The first President Bush read Bill Buckley, the second read Rush Limbaugh. This says as much about each author (in Limbaugh's case, a charitable term) as it does about each President.
Per Twitter: why do people who write so poorly insist on writing so often?
William F. Buckley, Jr. (left) & President George H.W. Bush
3 Comments	| Uncategorized	| Tagged: Buckley, Buckley and Bush, Buckley and George Bush, George Bush, George H.W. Bush, Jr. Bill Buckley, Limbaugh, President Bush, President George Bush, President George H.W. Bush, Rush Limbaugh, Tweet, tweets, Twitter, WFB, William F. Buckley, William F. Buckley Jr.	| Permalink
The popular view of Earth and our existence thereon is remarkably egocentric: most people ask, what are the odds of a planet existing that would support life like ours?
That construction puts the horse before the cart, and us before the cosmos. Humanity didn't exist and float around until miraculously finding a planet to settle on. The planet came first, then a whole lot of other things, and then – finally – came us. And given the predominant thinking among physicists – that the universe is infinite and constantly expanding – the odds are high that a planet with Earth's qualities, capable of supporting human-ish life, would exist. An infinite universe means infinite numbers of stars and planets, the combination of which make solar systems, and – given that infinity is really a terribly big number – a strong likelihood that planets like ours re-occur. Scrubbed down: it's almost statistically certain that other earthlike planets exist, and equally certain there is life on them.
To illustrate: given the number of people on Earth, it would be hard to find a Korean Muslim named Steve who stands seven feet tall and is left-handed. Steve might be out there, but he's rare. Now, assume instead that there is an infinite number of people. The odds are that Steve is out there, somewhere. In fact, the odds are several Steves are out there, though they may be few and far between. Even so, an infinity of Steves can exist. You can find anything in a large enough sample pool. And if your pool is infinite, like the universe, you can find anything an infinite number of times over.
Thus with planets and people. The universe is the largest sample pool there is, and it gets bigger every nanosecond. In all that space, it's certain there are planets like ours, and certain there is life on them.
Which is a good enough excuse to arm ourselves to the teeth.
Leave a Comment »	| Uncategorized	| Tagged: Alien, Aliens, cosmos, Earth, earth's sun, evolution, expanding universe, galazy, nanosecond, planet, planet Earch, quantum theory, solar system, Stephen Hawking, string theory, sun, the sun, UFO, UFO's, universe	| Permalink
Denim Be Damned
From syndicated columnist George F. Will's recent piece in The Washington Post; the entire colum is available here:
On any American street, or in any airport or mall, you see the same sad tableau: A 10-year-old boy is walking with his father, whose development was evidently arrested when he was that age, judging by his clothes. Father and son are dressed identically — running shoes, T-shirts. And jeans, always jeans. If mother is there, she, too, is draped in denim.
In their undifferentiated dress, children and their childish parents become undifferentiated audiences for juvenilized movies (the six — so far — "Batman" adventures and "Indiana Jones and the Credit-Default Swaps," coming soon to a cineplex near you). Denim is the clerical vestment for the priesthood of all believers in democracy's catechism of leveling — thou shalt not dress better than society's most slovenly. To do so would be to commit the sin of lookism — of believing that appearance matters. That heresy leads to denying the universal appropriateness of everything, and then to the elitist assertion that there is good and bad taste.
Today it is silly for Americans whose closest approximation of physical labor consists of loading their bags of clubs into golf carts to go around in public dressed for driving steers up the Chisholm Trail to the railhead in Abilene.
Edmund Burke — what he would have thought of the denimization of America can be inferred from his lament that the French Revolution assaulted "the decent drapery of life"; it is a straight line from the fall of the Bastille to the rise of denim — said: "To make us love our country, our country ought to be lovely." Ours would be much more so if supposed grown-ups would heed St. Paul's first letter to the Corinthians, and St. Barack's inaugural sermon to the Americans, by putting away childish things, starting with denim.
(A confession: The author owns one pair of jeans. Wore them once. Had to. Such was the dress code for former senator Jack Danforth's 70th birthday party, where Jerry Jeff Walker sang his classic "Up Against the Wall, Redneck Mother." Music for a jeans-wearing crowd.)
2 Comments	| Social Scene	| Tagged: Bastille, blue jeans, casual style, Danforth, denim, dress, Edmund Burke, French Revolution, George F. Will, George F. Will column, George Will, George Will column, Jack Danforth, jeans, Senator Jack Danforth, style, The Post, The Washington Post, Washington Post	| Permalink
America has stayed uncharacteristically uninvolved in Libya's late travails; uncharacteristically, given our history of interventionism in the Arab world. We're involved in Iraq and Afghanistan in vague capacities, for vague reasons. Yet we're reticent to involve ourselves in Libya.
Of all the places we are and shouldn't be, Libya is one place we're not and should be. The no-fly zone recently proposed by Sen. John McCain would cost very little in terms of men or money (especially compared to current Arab imbroglios elsewhere) and would be very effective (especially against a sixth-rate military like Libya's). Economists would call it a cost-return analysis skewed highly in our favor.
Yet leaders debate: Are American interests at stake there? Why should we intervene?
The answer to the first is, yes. Libya sits atop one of the largest natural gas reserves in the world. Ensconcing an agreeable democracy there is worthwhile. To the second: innocent people need our help and we have the power to help them. Surely, that's reason enough.
President Ronald Reagan ordered Libya bombed on April 15, 1986. The aim was to kill Libyan despot Colonel Moammar al-Gaddhafi, who narrowly escaped. Gaddhafi went on to strangle his country for tens of billions of dollars in personal gain and assemble one of the most flamboyant wardrobes of any world leader since Cleopatra.
2011 seems as good a year as any to finish the job President Reagan started.
2 Comments	| Uncategorized	| Tagged: Colonel Gaddhafi, Colonel Kaddafi, fuel, Gaddhafi, John McCain, Kaddafi, Libyan oil, McCain, no fly zone, oil, President Reagan, President Ronald Reagan, Reagan, Sen. John McCain, Senator John McCain, U.N., UN, US, USA	| Permalink
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
A degradação de polímeros é uma reação química que causa alterações irreversíveis nas propriedades de compostos poliméricos. Os polímeros estão sujeitos à degradação em todas as fases do ciclo de vida do produto, que inclui o processamento inicial, uso, descarte no meio ambiente e reciclagem. A taxa de degradação pode variar significativamente, podendo levar décadas, como a biodegradação, até horas, como em alguns processos industriais.

Em geral, a ação do calor, da luz, do ar e da água estão entre os fatores que mais implicam na degradação dos polímeros plásticos. Entre as principais alterações químicas estão a oxidação e cisão da cadeia, que leva a uma redução no peso molecular e no grau de polimerização. Essas mudanças afetam propriedades físicas como resistência, maleabilidade, índice de fluidez, aparência e cor. Essas mudanças nas propriedades são muitas vezes denominadas "envelhecimento".

Ao longo do tempo, diversas tecnologias foram sendo desenvolvidas para inibir ou promover a degradação. Entre elas estão os aditivos estabilizantes, que prolongam a vida útil dos plásticos e facilitam sua reciclagem, e os aditivos biodegradantes, que aceleram a degradação de resíduos plásticos, melhorando sua biodegradabilidade.

Tipos de reação de degradação
A degradação dos polímeros pode ser abordada pelos tipos de reação que ocorrem durante a degradação. Qualquer que seja o tipo de degradação, a primeira etapa sempre está relacionada ao rompimento de uma ligação covalente. Esse rompimento é ocasionado por algum fornecimento de energia, que pode se dar pela ação da luz (fotólise), da água (hidrólise), fornecimento de calor (termólise), tensões mecânicas (mecanólise), ataques químicos ou biológicos, etc. A ruptura das ligações leva a formação de radicais livres, que são espécies químicas reativas que propagam a degradação.

Degradação com cisão de cadeias
Nas cadeias poliméricas podem ocorrer dois tipos de cisão homolítica, na cadeia principal da molécula ou em cadeias laterais. Quando a ruptura da ligação ocorre na cadeia principal, são formados dois macroradicais alquila (CnH2n+1), que podem se recombinar ou difundir na massa polimérica. Nesse caso, há uma redução acentuada na massa molar média do polímero. Se o rompimento ocorrer em um grupo lateral ou substituinte, é formado um macroradical alquila e um radical de baixa massa molecular. Quando os radicais livres se formam, a reação radicalar  pode se propagar ou pode haver uma recombinação intra ou intermolecular. A recombinação intramolecular, também conhecida como ciclização, dá origem a uma cadeia fechada. No caso da recombinação intermolecular, ocorre a reticulação da cadeia, com aumento significativo da massa molar. Além da reticulação, outro mecanismo possível de propagação da reação é a cisão β, na qual ocorre uma cisão na cadeia e formação de uma insaturação terminal, com eliminação de um novo radical de baixa massa molar.

Degradação sem cisão de cadeias
Esse tipo de reação é caracterizado por uma quebra de ligação da cadeia principal com um substituinte seguida de uma quebra de ligação C–H e formação de uma insaturação. É uma reação de eliminação. Embora esse processo não altere a massa molar média dos polímeros, ele interfere fortemente nas propriedades físico-químicas. A reação é autocatalítica e se propaga formando uma sequência de ligações duplas conjugadas. É comum o material mudar a cor durante esse processo.

Auto-oxidação

É uma reação em cadeia que ocorre na presença de oxigênio. A reação é auto-catalítica, isto é, durante o processo são gerados produtos intermediários que catalisam a reação, e se divide em três etapas: iniciação, propagação e terminação. A iniciação pode se originar a partir de defeitos ou contaminantes na cadeia. O radical alquila formado após uma cisão homolítica reage com o oxigênio e forma o radical peroxila. Na propagação, o radical peroxila reage com outra cadeia ou segmento da mesma cadeia, tomando um hidrogênio e formando um hidroperóxido e um novo macroradical alquila. A ligação O–O do hidroperóxido é fraca e se decompõe facilmente por termólise em temperatura ambiente, formando novos radicais, que reagem com outras cadeias. O ciclo é interrompido na terminação, quando os radicais livres se recombinam, ou quando dois radicais peróxila reagem com a água, formando um álcool e um hidroperóxido.

Iniciação

 P -> P\bullet +\  P\bullet  (formação de dois radicais alquila após cisão homolítica da cadeia polimérica)

Propagação
P\bullet +\ O2 -> POO\bullet  (reação com o oxigênio e formação do radical peroxila)
POO\bullet +\ PH -> {POOH} +\ P\bullet  (formação do hidroperóxido e um novo macroradical alquila)

POOH -> PO\bullet +\  OH\bullet  (ruptura homolítica do hidroperóxido, gerando um radical alcoxila e um radical hidroxila)
{PH} + OH\bullet -> P\bullet +\ H2O (abstração de um hidrogênio pela hidroxila, gerando um novo macroradical alquila e água)
{PH} + PO\bullet -> P\bullet +\ POH (abstração de um hidrogênio pela alcoxila, gerando um novo macroradical alquila e um grupo álcool)

Terminação
P\bullet + POO\bullet +\ H2O -> POH\  + POOH (reação de radicais com a água e formação de um grupo álcool terminal e um hidroperóxido)
 P\bullet +\ P\bullet -> P   (combinação de radicais alquila e formação de compostos não radicalares)

Degradação durante o processamento
Polímeros termoplásticos normalmente são aquecidos até se fundirem durante seu processamento, com temperaturas que variam entre 150°C e 320°C, a depender do polímero. Os polímeros oxidam sob essas condições, porém mesmo na ausência de ar, essas temperaturas são suficientes para causar a degradação térmica. O polímero fundido também sofre uma tensão de cisalhamento significativa durante a extrusão e moldagem, o que pode ser suficiente para romper as cadeias de polímero. Ao contrário de muitas outras formas de degradação, os efeitos do processamento por fusão degradam todo o volume do polímero, em vez de degradar apenas as camadas mais superficiais. Essa degradação introduz pontos químicos no polímero que formam locais de iniciação de novas degradações durante a vida útil do objeto.

Oxidação térmica
Embora os níveis de oxigênio dentro dos equipamentos de processamento geralmente sejam baixos, a oxidação térmica geralmente ocorre mais rapidamente do que a degradação exclusivamente térmica (ou seja, sem a presenção de oxigênio). As reações seguem o mecanismo de auto-oxidação, levando à formação de peróxidos orgânicos e carbonilas. A adição de antioxidantes pode inibir tais processos.

Degradação térmica
O aquecimento de polímeros a uma temperatura suficientemente alta pode causar alterações químicas prejudiciais, mesmo na ausência de oxigênio. Isso geralmente começa com a cisão da cadeia, que geraradicais livres que propagam a degradação. O PVC é um tipo de polímero termicamente sensível, com maior degradação ocorrendo a partir de ~ em diante; outros polímeros se degradam em temperaturas mais altas.

Degradação termo-mecânica
Polímeros fundidos são fluidos não newtonianos com altas viscosidades, e a interação entre sua degradação térmica e mecânica pode ser complexa. Em baixas temperaturas, o polímero fundido é mais viscoso e mais propenso à degradação mecânica pela tensão de cisalhamento. Em temperaturas mais altas, a viscosidade é reduzida, mas a degradação térmica é aumentada.

A degradação mecânica pode ser reduzida pela adição de lubrificantes, também chamados de auxiliares de processamento ou auxiliares de fluxo. Estes podem reduzir o atrito com o maquinário de processamento, e entre as cadeias de polímeros, resultando em uma diminuição da viscosidade do fundido.

Degradação durante a aplicação

Craqueamento induzido por cloro

A água potável contém traços de cloro, que é adicionado para matar micróbios. O cloro pode atacar lentamente certos tipos de plástico, principalmente quando a água é aquecida. O polietileno, polibutileno e resina de acetal (polioximetileno), comuns em tubulações e conexões, são suscetíveis a esse tipo de ataque, que leva ao endurecimento da tubulação, o que pode deixá-la quebradiça e mais suscetível a falhas mecânicas.

Eletrônicos
Os plásticos são amplamente utilizados na fabricação de componentes eletrônicos, como placas de circuito e cabos elétricos. As aplicações em circuitos eletrônicos expões s plásticos a uma combinação de ataque térmico, químico e eletroquímico. Muitos itens elétricos como transformadores, microprocessadores ou cabos de alta tensão operam em temperaturas elevadas por anos, ou mesmo décadas, resultando em oxidação térmica de baixo nível, mas contínua. Isso pode ser intensificado pelo contato direto com metais, que podem promover a formação de radicais livres, por exemplo, pela ação de reações de Fenton sobre hidroperóxidos. Cargas de alta tensão também podem danificar materiais isolantes, como dielétricos, que se degradam por meio de árvores elétricas causadas por estresse prolongado do campo elétrico.

Foto-oxidação
A foto-oxidação é a ação combinada da luz UV e do oxigênio e é o fator mais significativo no intemperismo dos plásticos. Embora muitos polímeros não absorvam a luz UV, eles geralmente contêm impurezas cromóforas como hidroperóxido e grupos carbonila introduzidos durante o processamento térmico, que o fazem. Estes atuam como fotoiniciadores para dar reações complexas em cadeia de radicais livres onde os mecanismos de auto-oxidação e fotodegradação se combinam. A foto-oxidação pode ser retida por estabilizadores de luz, como estabilizadores de luz de amina impedida.

Hidrólise
Polímeros com um esqueleto todo de carbono, como poliolefinas, geralmente são resistentes à hidrólise. Polímeros de condensação como poliésteres, poliamidas, poliuretanos e policarbonatos podem ser degradados por hidrólise de seus grupos carbonila, para dar moléculas de menor peso molecular. Tais reações são extremamente lentas em temperatura ambiente, no entanto, continuam sendo uma fonte significativa de degradação para esses materiais, principalmente no ambiente marinho. O inchaço causado pela absorção de pequenas quantidades de água também pode causar rachaduras por estresse ambiental, o que acelera a degradação.

Ozonólise de borrachas

Os polímeros que não estão totalmente saturados, como é o caso da borracha, são vulneráveis ao ataque do ozônio. Este gás existe naturalmente na atmosfera, mas também é formado por óxidos de nitrogênio liberados em escapamento de veículos. Embora o ozônio esteja presente em concentrações muito baixas, ainda é suficiente para causar danos. Muitos elastômeros comuns (borrachas) são afetados, com borracha natural, polibutadieno, borracha de estireno-butadieno e NBR sendo os mais sensíveis à degradação. Quando a borracha não está tensionada, a reação de ozonólise resulta na cisão de ligações duplas na superfície da borracha. Quando está submetida a tensão, rachaduras são formadas na superfície e ocorre uma maior penetração do ozônio. Essas rachaduras são perigosas quando ocorrem em tubos de combustível porque elas crescerão das superfícies externas expostas até o orifício do tubo, podendo ocorrer vazamento de combustível e incêndio. O problema da quebra do ozônio pode ser evitado pela adição de antiozonantes.

Degradação biológica
O grande atrativo da biodegradação é que, em teoria, o polímero será totalmente consumido no meio ambiente sem a necessidade de gerenciamento complexo de resíduos e que os produtos deste serão atóxicos. Os plásticos mais comuns se biodegradam muito lentamente, às vezes na medida em que são considerados não biodegradáveis. Como os polímeros são geralmente muito grandes para serem absorvidos por micróbios, a biodegradação inicialmente depende de enzimas extracelulares secretadas para reduzir os polímeros a comprimentos de cadeia gerenciáveis. Isso requer que os polímeros tenham grupos funcionais nus que as enzimas possam "reconhecer", como grupos éster ou amida. Polímeros de cadeia longa com backbones totalmente de carbono, como poliolefinas, poliestireno e PVC, não se degradam apenas por ação biológica e devem primeiro ser oxidados para criar grupos químicos que as enzimas podem atacar.

A oxidação pode ser causada por processamento de fusão ou intemperismo no ambiente. A oxidação pode ser intencionalmente acelerada pela adição de aditivos biodegradáveis . Estes são adicionados ao polímero durante a composição para melhorar a biodegradação de plásticos muito resistentes. Da mesma forma, foram projetados plásticos biodegradáveis que são intrinsecamente biodegradáveis, desde que sejam tratados como adubo e não apenas deixados em um aterro onde a degradação é muito difícil devido à falta de oxigênio e umidade.

Degradação durante a reciclagem

Despolimerização térmica e pirólise
Certos polímeros como PTFE, poliestireno e PMMA sofrem despolimerização para dar origem a seus monômeros de partida, enquanto outros como polietileno sofrem pirólise, com cisão aleatória da cadeia, resultando numa mistura de produtos voláteis. Quando os monômeros são obtidos, eles podem ser convertidos novamente em um novo plástico, enquanto os produtos de pirólise são usados como um tipo de combustível sintético. Na prática, mesmo a despolimerização muito eficiente em monômeros tende a ver alguma pirólise competitiva. Polímeros termofixos também podem ser convertidos desta forma, por exemplo, na reciclagem de pneus.

Despolimerização química
Polímeros de condensação com grupos cliváveis, como ésteres e amidas, também podem ser totalmente despolimerizados por hidrólise ou solvólise. Este pode ser um processo puramente químico, mas também pode ser promovido por enzimas. Essas tecnologias são menos desenvolvidas do que as de despolimerização térmica, mas têm potencial para custos de energia mais baixos. Até agora, o polietileno tereftalato tem sido o polímero mais estudado. Alternativamente, os resíduos de plástico podem ser convertidos em outros produtos químicos valiosos (não necessariamente monômeros) por ação microbiana.

Formas de detecção

Métodos térmicos
Os principais métodos térmicos empregados nas análise de degradação são a Termogravimetria e a Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC). A Termogravimetria acompanha a variação da massa de uma amostra a partir da variação da temperatura ou do tempo com temperatura constante. Essa variação da massa pode ser um indicativo de estejam ocorrendo reações degradantes no material. A DSC determina a quantidade de calor absorvida ou liberada pelo material durante a variação da temperatura ou do tempo com temperatura constante, o que permite verificar se estão ocorrendo processos exotérmicos ou endotérmicos. Reações de degradação geralmente são exotérmicas.

Métodos espectroscópicos

A degradação pode ser detectada antes que rachaduras se tornem visíveis em um produto. Uma das formas de detecção é através da espectroscopia de infravermelho. Um indicador muito evidente em processos oxidativos de plásticos degradados é a formação de grupos carbonila, que são produtos intermediário formados nas rotas de oxidação de carbono. A identificação e quantificação dessas espécies através da espectroscopia do infravermelho é um método muito empregado devido à forte absorção de luz infravermelha pela ligação C=O.

Acompanhamento pela variação da massa molar
A variação da massa molar de um polímero pode ser uma indicação da ocorrência de quebra de ligações na sua cadeia principal. O método mais sensível para determinar a distribuição de massa molar de um polímero é a Cromatografia por exclusão de tamanho (SEC), onde uma solução contendo o polímero é inserida em uma coluna com um gel poroso. A porosidade do gel tem dimensões que permitem que as cadeias poliméricas menores adentrem neles, deixando de fora as partículas maiores que estão contornando a partícula. Ao penetrarem nos poros, as partículas menores percorrem um trajeto maior que as cadeias maiores, atrasando-se em relação a elas. Ao final da coluna, é possível obter uma separação contínua de massas molares da amostra polimérica. Outro método mais simples e de baixo custo é a viscosimetria, onde se obtém informações sobre o tamanho e forma das macromoléculas através do tempo de escoamento de uma solução diluída do polímero em um tubo capilar de vidro.

Degradação dos materiais
Corrosão
Química dos polímeros


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Conflicting accounts over funds given to Netanyahu in 2001
Armaud Mirman and PM Netanyahu
French billionaire Arnaud Mimran claims he gave Netanyahu 170,000 euros to be used for public activity; PMO, after issuing outright denial at first, now acknowledges $40,000 were given; AG launches examination into legality of funds.
Conflicting accounts have arisen regarding an alleged transfer of funds made by French billionaire Arnaud Mimran to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in 2001, with the two sparring over the sum and the purpose of the transaction.
Mimran is currently on trial in France for tax fraud over an alleged 283 million euro scam involving the trade of carbon credits. At court, Mimran, the key suspect in the case, claimed that he had given Netanyahu over 1 million euro in campaign contributions in 2001, while Netanyahu was not in office.
The Prime Minister's Office denied the claim, calling it a "baseless lie," but acknowledged a donation of $40,000.
On Monday, Mimran claimed in an interview with Israel's Channel 10 that he transferred 170,000 euro to Netanyahu's personal bank account in 2001.
"I still have the bank statements. They say 'from Arnaud Mimran, from my personal account, to Benjamin Netanyahu, to his personal account,'" he told Channel 10.
Regarding where the funds were transferred to—Netanyahu's public activity fund or his private bank account—Mimran insisted that "the amount that I transferred… was transferred officially. He can check his account. This isn't something either of us can hide. I remember it being $150,000. Now he's saying it was $40,000. I'm confident in what I'm saying because I have the bank statements. It was transferred to an Israeli bank account under the name Benjamin Netanyahu."
Mimran denied reports that quoted him as saying he donated 1 million euros to Netanyahu. "First of all, I never said 1 million euros. I said one million, and it was in 2001 when France was still on the Franc. One million French Francs is approximately the same as 170,000 euros," he said.
"Second of all, I did indeed give Netanyahu money, but there is some confusion surrounding it. I gave him the money in 2001, and I only came to celebrate his election victory when he won in 2009," Mimran clarified.
However, Netanyahu did not run in the 2001 elections in Israel, which were only for the position of prime minister and saw then-Likud leader Ariel Sharon defeat then-Labor leader Ehud Barak.
Mimran also told Channel 10 that he and Netanyahu had been friends for years, even after 2001. and that in 2009 he even visited Israel to celebrate Netanyahu's victory in the elections. "We had a friendly relationship. We traveled together," he said.
Mimran claimed that he helped fund Netanyahu's trips abroad, including vacations in France, but stressed that all the trips were organized and paid for legally. "Bibi never did anything illegal, and never tried to hide anything," he said, using the prime minister's nickname.
Battle of versions
Allegations about the prime minister's relationship with the French billionaire first arose in March when Israeli daily Haaretz reported that the Mimran family has made regular contribution to the Likud party in France, and that since 2000, Netanyahu has been making use of an apartment owned by the family in Paris's 16th Arrondissement.
The PMO vehemently denied the report, saying that "the implications in the article are false and ridiculous."
"There hasn't been any communication between the Netanyahu family and the Mimran family for years," the PMO statement went on to say. "These meetings occurred when Mr. Netanyahu was a private citizen. The Mimran family was a prominent and respected family in France at that time, and there were no legal proceedings against them. Netantyahu didn't request anything, didn't receive anything, nor did he give anything to Mimran in return. It goes without saying that he didn't intervene in any legal proceedings related to the Mimran family."
Two months later, on May 19, Mimran made the claim in court that he had transferred 1 million euro to Netanyahu's election campaign—without stating when that was. The PMO was quick to deny this, saying at first that Netanyahu "did not ask and did not receive any donation from Mimran."
According to the Political Parties Financing Law and provisions set by the State Comptroller, it's illegal for a candidate running for Knesset to receive more than NIS 11,480 in a single campaign donation. A candidate for the head of a political party is not allowed to receive more than NIS 45,880 from a single donor.
If Mimran's claims are found true, the funds would constitute an illegal campaign donation.
In the wake of the claims, Attorney General Avichai Mandelblit ordered the legal examination of Mimran's testimony, leading the PMO to acknowledge that Netanyahu did receive funds from Mimran, but it was within the limits of the law.
Netanyahu, the PMO said, "did not received any illegal contributions from Mimran, and any claim to the contrary is a lie. Mimran contributed to Netanyahu's public activity in the beginning of 2000, when (Netanyahu) was a private citizen and was not in office. This money was used to fund media appearance and hasbara (public relations) trips abroad for the benefit of the State of Israel, and were all done in accordance with the law. Mimran, who is on trial for fraud over several hundred million dollars, is trying to deflect the court's attention away from himself and onto different acts of fraud."
Shortly before Netanyahu left for Moscow on Monday, the PMO released yet another statement on the matter—the second in less than 24 hours. This message for the first time stated a sum—$40,000—and said the funds were transferred to Netanyahu's public activity fund.
"The claim that Mimran donated 1 million euros to Netanyahu's election campaign a baseless lie," the PMO statement said. "There was no contribution by Mimran to Netanyahu's election campaign. In August 2001, when Mr Netanyahu was a private citizen, Mimran contributed $40,000 to the fund for public activities for Mr Netanyahu, which included media appearances and numerous educational campaigns abroad in favor of Israel, and made in accordance with the law."
Worker of PM's wife victorious in court case
Judges order $30,000 payout to former employee of Sara Netanyahu; Compenstion comes after Mrs. Netanyahu was accused of making unreasonable demands and abusive behaviour.
A former employee of the wife of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu won a court case against her on Tuesday alleging mistreatment.
The verdict is a new setback for Sara Netanyahu, who has been repeatedly accused of abusive behavior toward household staff and found herself embroiled in a series of suspected scandals.
Jerusalem's labor court awarded Guy Eliyahu $30,000 in damages on Sunday. Eliyahu claimed Mrs. Netanyahu had behaved abusively toward him, yelling and making unreasonable demands.
Amit Hadad, a Netanyahu family lawyer, said the allegations were "false" and "disconnected from reality."
On Sunday, police reportedly recommended indicting Mrs. Netanyahu for allegedly misusing state funds and excessive household spending.
The Netanyahus have long faced scrutiny over their spending and have fended off accusations that their lifestyles are out of touch with ordinary Israelis.
In February, another former employee won a case alleging he was subjected to abusive language and insults by Mrs. Netanyahu.
Dispute behind the scenes between police and judicial system
Announcement of closing the probe into PM Netanyahu's residences and suspicions against his wife did not include names of suspects or recommendations; Police source: 'The police simply went to the media'
The investigation into the Prime Minister's residences aroused fierce debate on Sunday between two enforcement bodies in Israel: the Israel Police and the ministry of interior. The central question being asked is who is responsible for wording the unusual announcement about which was published on Sunday informing that the investigation had been conclude.
In the official announcement which was released by the police it was written that, "The investigation began in February 2016 with the approval of the attorney general and the state attorney. It focused on a few subjects from which suspicion of criminal acts arose which included suspected fraud and breach of confidence."
"At the conclusion of the investigation," a spokesman said, "all the alleged evidence, findings and insights that were gathered were transferred to the Jerusalem District Attorney's Office…for examination and a decision."
In an unprecedented step however, the police opted not to include in the announcement the names of the suspects which included Benjamin Netanyahu's wife, Sara Netanyahu. Moreover, it decided not to report on the recommendations outlined by the investigators involved in the case. The decision was taken despite the fact that similar such announcements to the media by the police have mentions suspects' names and the fundamental recommendations of the investigators.
In the case of a well-known actor, Moshe Ivgy, for example, the police published a report last week while stating his name and included the recomemendations which should be inserted in an indictment based on evidence of sexual offenses allegedly committed against three women.
The prime minister's inner circle rushed to use the wording of the report stating in response: "There was nothing in the report which suggested that Mrs. Netanyahu be arraigned."
As a result of the criticism on the wording of the report regarding the PM's residences, the police sought to reduce the damage by holding personal discussions with journalists about the issue of recommendations formulated in the case. However, not all were satisfied.
"It is simply shameful and disgraceful conduct here," said a senior official in the police. "The policy of the police commissioner is supposed to be identical to all those investigated and without special treatment."
The police responded by saying that already by the end of last week the investigators had completed their investigations and were ready to close the case and that senior investigators met with prosecutors and legal advisors in order to update them on the findings.
According to police sources involved in the case, legal advisors of Attorney General Avihay Mandelblitt were responsible for requesting from the police to postpone the announcement of the end of the investigation. This special request went all the way to Police Commissioner Police Commissioner Roni Alsheikh's office who decided not to grant the request.
Senior officials in the Justice Ministry claimed on Sunday night in response that "After the police informed of its intention to publicize the announcement, the attorney general informed them that the announcement must include the full recommendations. An argument ensued and the attorney general said that the incomplete announcement, as it was phrased, was unacceptable in his opinion and it was not appropriate that it be released in such a manner. At the end of the day, the police made a unilateral decision to stop the coordination and to go to the media with the announcement."
Police say evidence against PM's wife emerged during investigation
Ezra Seidoff, Sara Netanyahu, and Avi Fahima
Police announce completion of investigation into irregular spending at the prime minister's residences; police spokesperson says findings of investigation transferred to district attorney's office.
The Israel Police have announced that they have finished their investigation into irregular spending at the prime minister's official and private residences.
According to a police spokesman, "The investigation began in February 2016 with the approval of the attorney general and the state attorney. It focused on a few subjects from which suspicion of criminal acts arose which included suspected fraud and breach of confidence."
"At the conclusion of the investigation," the spokesman continued, "all the alleged evidence, findings and insights that were gathered were transferred to the Jerusalem District Attorney's Office…for examination and a decision."
Other senior police officials pointed out that "During the investigation, evidence came to light against the prime minister's wife, Sara Netanyahu, the deputy director general of the Prime Minister's Office, Ezra Seidoff, and Avi Fahima, an electrician."
Following the police announcement, the Netanyahu took to the prime minister's official Facebook page to publish their response:
"In the police announcement there was no suggestion of prosecuting Mrs. Netanyahu," the post read. "Contrary to what was publicized, Mrs. Netanyahu did not commit any crime whatsoever. The various claims which were published in the media turned out to be baseless as was the case with all claims made against the Netanyahu family over the years."
Ministers reject Netanyahu's claims about their travel
Ministers, who served alongside Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu between 2003-2005, say that his allegations that they also received foreign funding for their travel are patently false; former Interior Minister Avraham Poraz says, 'I never traveled with foreign funding from any group.'
In response the state comptroller's report about the funding of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's and his family's trips abroad when between 2003-2005, Netanyahu alleged that travel protocols did not exist at the time and other ministers acted in the same way. However, ministers, who served during the same time period, said in response to Netanyahu's claims, "They are totally false."
The ministers, who served alongside Netanyahu say that they did not travel with foreign funding and were infuriated by Netanyahu's defamation of them. Former Minister of Interior Avraham Poraz claimed Netanyahu's allegations are patently false: "I never traveled with foreign funding from any group. But there was one trip, in which the Anti-Defamation League invited me to the United States.
So I informed the Knesset's Gifts Committee and it approved them to fund my travel. The (ADL) asko offered to fund the travel of my wife, but I did not agree with that. All my other travel was personal and I paid out my pocket. I assume that it is easy for Netanyahu to dump (such charges) on all of us, but they simply are not correct."
The former Energy Minister Yosef Paritzky also challenged the veracity of Netanyahu's claims. He said, "Never in my service as government minister did I receive gifts nor did I ever think it acceptable to receive or request them. When I traveled to fundraise for the Hebrew University, I submitted an approval request to the legal advisor of the ministry. If it were approved, I traveled—and if not, I did not travel. My wife joined me for one or two trips with the approval of the legal advisor."
Former Finance Minister Meir Sheetrit also denied Netanyahu's claims: "There is no such thing. Never was I asked to fly with the funding of private individuals nor did I ever receive funding from businessmen." MK Tzipi Livni, who was at the time minister of absorption, said, "What was and was not permitted was clear."
Sara Netanyahu: Accusations against me are disgusting lies
The prime minister's wife testified regarding the NIS 500,000 lawsuit submitted by Guy Eliyahu, an employee at the Netanyahus' residence. 'They are draining my blood,' Netanyahu said.
Sara Netanyahu, wife of the prime minister gave a two-and-a-half hour testimony in court on Thursday as part of the ongoing lawsuit submitted by former residence employee Guy Eliyahu.
The suit accuses Netanyahu of breaking the law on employees' hours and of harassment.
"It's a disgusting lie," said Netanyahu in response to Eliyahu's claims that employees were subjected to intimidation at the residence. "The atmosphere today is very pleasant. Everything is great in the house and everything is as it should be," she continued. "This whole treatise is a lie."
Netanyahu also stressed that she is the first prime minister's wife in Israel to have kept working.
"I help children with cancer, Holocaust survivors, bereaved families and battered women," she continued.
Netanyahu also addressed the claims of former chef Eti Haim in the previous suit against her.
"I hope that Ms. Eti Haim took the trouble to say that she is a good friend of Meni Naftali and Guy Eliyahu," Netanyahu said. "It is one group of three or four people out of dozens, whom they are also pressuring. Some of them said that Mani Naftali offered them money to sue me."
The prime minister's wife also commented on the incident wherein Eti Haim fainted while in the residence.
"They called me and said that she had passed out," Netanyahu testified. "I saw a doctor and a paramedic. I saw that she had opened her eyes and gave me a very unpleasant look before closing her eyes again.
"I don't want to say what I thought about this fainting episode. It was a very unpleasant look that she gave me. I didn't feel good about that look," Netanyahu added.
Netanyahu was also asked about the claim that she yanked a tablecloth with food on it.
"Absolutely untrue," was her response. "It is a crazy fabrication from start to finish. Most of the employees have broken things a million more times than I have. By accident, of course."
Netanyahu also blamed Naftali for the ice cream affair at the prime minister's residence.
"The frame agreement was done by Mani Naftali. A big portion of the blame lies with him, he ordered the pistachio ice cream and agreed the contract for buying it."
The frame agreement, which was revealed by Calcalist, showed a total of NIS 10,000 being spent in one year at an ice cream parlor close to the prime minister's residence. Following the revelation, Netanyahu ordered the agreement to be canceled.
Netanyahu also responded to other claims of former employees: "People became sick because of me? No way."
The wife of Meni Naftali exited the courtroom in tears after hearing what Sara Netanyahu said about her husband.
Naftali himself said that he had been through a difficult period and that he had not managed to find work.
"People are getting on the witness stand and lying," he said.
Eliyahu also claimed as part of the suit that Sara Netanyahu had "bullied" employees while he was working in the residence from 2011-2012.
"For example, when you brought her food that she had requested, she would accuse you of making her fat," Eliyahu said.
Eliyahu's lawsuit is the latest in a string of official complaints against Sara Netanyahu, including those of Eti Haim and Mani Naftali.
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February 25, 2021 nationWideEduNo Comments
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Woman, Child Injured When Train Hits Vehicle
5 years 11 months 3 weeks ago Monday, July 22 2013 Jul 22, 2013 Monday, July 22, 2013 5:36:00 AM CDT July 22, 2013 in News
WARRENSBURG (AP) - Police say a woman and her granddaughter are hospitalized after their vehicle was hit by an Amtrak train in Warrensburg.
Warrensburg police say the vehicle was hit by the train Sunday evening.
Cpl. Dustin Mayden says a train conductor and an unidentified person pulled the 3-year-old granddaughter from the vehicle. The girl and her 43-year-old grandmother were in serious condition Sunday night at Kansas City hospitals. Their names have not been released.
Authorities have conflicting statements from witnesses about whether the electronic crossing arms at the intersection were working.
None of the 170 people on the Amtrak train were injured. The train was delayed about an hour before it continued to St. Louis.


I kind of missed the "I".
Being a casual comics guy is hard these days. Last week, I stopped in at the local comic book shop and grabbed a handful of titles, just to catch up on things. One of the "hot picks" of the week was Avengers A.I. #1. Why would I try my luck on such a complicated premise, you might ask?
Just look at the cover. There's a big Avengers logo with the word "Avengers" and the #1. Being overwhelmed with the wall of comics and the amount of things I didn't recognize, I gravitated to the Avengers logo. As in my review of "Deadpool Kills Deadpool", I assumed that a first issue of anything would be a good jumping off point. Plus, why is Doctor Doom now fighting with the Avengers? I wanted to know.
Besides, what even is an Avengers A.I.? How was I supposed to know that's a real thing?
I didn't understand good chunks of the story, but I did like what I got.
Even though this is an "Avengers" comic, Captain America turns up for just four panels. I guess they're letting anyone use that name now. Tony Stark may want to look into copyright infringement laws.
The story: So, Hank Pym has messed up something, again, and is the only person who can fix it… again.
Here's what I understood. There was an event called "The Age of Ultron", but I missed it. The recap said something about time travel… killing Hank Pym in the past to stop Ultron… oh, no, that caused more problems… future and present Hank Pym had to save past Hank Pym, but Hank changed somehow and now there are "unanticipated consequences".
Man, I don't know if reading the full "Age of Ultron" series made it easier to understand, but the recap gave me vertigo.
Having wildly messed things up in the "Age of Ultron", surprise, things are falling apart. The A.I. Hank Pym created to destroy Ultron is now, itself, a threat. When will this guy learn? There's a throwaway line in the comic about Tony Stark being "off planet" and Reed Richards being in another dimension, which explains why S.H.I.E.L.D. is still willing to work with Hank Pym. All the really smart guys are on vacation.
Like I said, it's all very confusing, and I never thought Hank Pym was a likeable character. But, I still liked the book. First, there's a scene where Hank Pym grows to giant size and is supposed to appear threatening. I don't know if it's intentional or not, but that scene is hilarious because he looks more constipated than anything else. Also, Hank Pym gets punched in the face and that's a bonus.
The Vision is extremely interesting, and watching him evolve himself was intriguing. The sci-fi element of the comic is much stronger than its action or adventure content.
The best addition to the comic is the Doombot. Still retaining its original personality, that of Dr. Doom, it has now been programmed to serve the Avengers. I'm still not sure why it would be a good idea for the Avengers to enlist a Doombot to help out, but I'm glad they did.
If I see issue #2 on the shelf sometime, I'll pick it up and give it another shot.


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Quantum Physics Of Atoms
by admin April 9, 2019
"What we're aiming at is just seeing this physics in one other context in an unambiguous way," said Foster, a member of Rice's Center for Quantum Materials (RCQM). Their proposed experiment calls for.
Kamal will work with UML Physics Asst. Prof. Nishant Agarwal. while intrinsically behaving quantum-mechanically like atoms. Her work has enabled noise-resilient artificial atoms called quantum bits.
(Image: Weiss Laboratory, Penn State) "We are working to develop a quantum computer that uses a three-dimensional array of laser-cooled and trapped cesium atoms as qubits," said David Weiss, professor.
DCMP got its current name in 1978 in recognition that the discipline encompasses liquids, such as quantum fluids, as well as solids. Consistent with the sheer size of DCMP, Arovas contends that.
Quantum criticality describes the behaviour of electrons in large molecules when they occupy the exotic state that sits at the knife edge between conduction and insulation.
Physics4Kids.com! This tutorial introduces modern physics. Other sections include motion, heat, electricity, magnetism, and light.
Lone atoms are a potential building block for harnessing quantum physics. If researchers can capture and control these pieces of matter with lasers, they can create new types of materials that behave.
Genetics Quizlet Exam 1 Genetics Quiz: Mendelian Genetics. Search. Search the site GO. Science. Biology Basics Cells Genetics Organisms Anatomy Physiology Botany Ecology Chemistry Physics Geology. Test Your Knowledge of Meiosis. How do Alleles Determine Traits in Genetics? Probabilities for Dihybrid Crosses in Genetics. You can take the right-wing authoritarian scale test here. FWIW, my score was: 0. Progressive
Identifying how atoms are exhibiting quantum effects may also. His research interests are quantum information, quantum thermodynamics and condensed matter physics, which distract him from his main.
The paper has been published on December 13th, 2018 in the first issue of Open Access Journal Chemical Physics Letters X. They said, "As Dirac claimed in 1929 when quantum mechanics was.
Atoms are far too small to see directly, even with the most powerful optical microscopes. But atoms do interact with light, and under some circumstances emit light in ways that reveal their internal structures in amazingly fine detail.
Researchers in Singapore have built a refrigerator that's just three atoms big. This quantum fridge won't keep your drinks cold, but it's cool proof of physics operating at the smallest scales. The.
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www.TheisticScience.org · Physics Approach · Talk Index. Are Quantum Physics and Spirituality related? Click here to view slides. Published version in 'New Philosophy' Ian Thompson, Physics Department, University of Surrey, U.K.
expanding her stock of metaphors with the language of quantum physics. The effect is beautiful. Freudenberger navigates complicated concepts from physics with admirable clarity, and those concepts —.
Using fiber-addressable atoms, they have created the first wired atomic entangled. Also, our demonstration opens an avenue for new studies towards quantum nonlinear optics and quantum many-body.
"After multiple years of experimental work at RHIC, this exciting new result provides a substantially deeper understanding of fundamental quantum physics questions regarding. why protons are at the.
Arrays of atoms emerge as dark horse candidate to power quantum computers. By Sophia Chen Sep. 26, 2018 , 2:55 PM. In a small basement laboratory, Harry Levine, a Harvard University graduate.
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ATOMS (A short history of the knowledge of the atom) Compiled by Jim Walker. Originated: Sept. 1988 Latest revision: Nov. 2004. atom n. A unit of matter, the smallest unit of an element, consisting of a dense, central, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a system of electrons, equal in number to the number of nuclear protons, the entire structure having an approximate diameter of 10-8.
Mark Saffman is in the Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison. is intimately connected to the potential.
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A paper describing the method by researchers at Penn State appears March 25, 2019 in the journal Nature Physics. "We are working to develop a quantum computer that uses a three-dimensional array of.
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Researchers in Singapore have built a refrigerator that's just three atoms big. This quantum fridge won't keep your drinks cold, but it's cool proof of physics operating at the smallest scales. This.
Particle physics is the branch of physics that looks at the elementary constituents of matter. At the level of atoms and sub-atomic particles, objects behave very differently compared with large objects we see around us every day.
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The live stream will be encoded with 320x180 pixels, 12fps, 1 audio channel, 32kbit audio bitrate, constant rate factor = 30. This results in a video stream bitrate of ~150kbit/s. It will be encapsulated into MPEG TS and served per HTTP as HLS (HTTP Live Streaming) -Format.
Since nginx-rtmp has all we need, let's do it.
You should modify http section of nginx.conf as follow. "sendfile=off" is important for refreshing http video. Add Your own parameters or the default ones.
to see if it accepts incoming connections on localhost:1935.
The backend is configured and You can now publish and play live streams to and from Your hidden service.
Let's say, Your .onion domain is secrettv09n08949.onion and You want to publish a local rtp stream to remote Tor hidden service.


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HR / Training
Impact / Purpose
Ops / Payments
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Risk / Compliance
CU Profile
Industry Press
SEG Bonuses Underpin Deposit And Wealth Management Strategies At Elements Financial
The Indiana credit union funds lending all year with an annual cash surge.
Marc Rapport
Top-Level Takeaways
Elements Financial takes in approximately $100 million every year during the first quarter.
The credit union tries to hold half of the new deposits for 90 days.
Wealth management services contribute more than 10% to Elements Financial's net income.
Strong deposits from a well-compensated core SEG drive a two-pronged strategy for member service at Elements Financial Federal Credit Union $1.5B, Indianapolis, IN).
CU QUICK FACTS
Elements Financial FCU
Data as of 12.31.17
HQ: Indianapolis, IN
ASSETS: $1.5B
MEMBERS: 96,460
BRANCHES: 6
12-MO SHARE GROWTH: 9.0%
12-MO LOAN GROWTH: 4.6%
ROA: 0.56%
Approximately 40,000 Elements members are affiliated with the credit union's founding select employee group, drug maker Eli Lilly. The other 53,000 members are from the hundred or so other SEGs the credit union serves.
Each year in March, Eli Lilly pays out a management bonus. Credit union members deposit more than $100 million of that bonus on average at Elements. The credit union uses the influx of cash to fund loans throughout the year, and it has earmarked the spring as an opportune time to market its robust wealth management program.
We're fortunate that year after year, so many Lilly members trust us with their semi-monthly payroll and their annual bonus, says Chris Sibila, the credit union's executive vice president and chief information officer.
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According to Sibila, the credit union offers attractive products and interest rates to encourage members to keep that new money in checking and savings ― which also includes tax refunds and normal first-quarter deposit growth. If 50% of that new money is still in checking and savings after 90 days, it will stick and become the new normal balance for those members.
And for the past two years, members have done just that.
We believe that's better for our members because as rates rise, they benefit sooner and their money is liquid if they need it in an emergency versus locking up money in fixed rate certificates. says Sibila, who joined Elements Financial in October 2014 after 25 years in banking that included stints with Citi and Fifth Third. It also is better for our balance sheet management because we do not have to use external sources to fund loans.
Click through the two charts below to see the effect of deposit strategies at Elements Financial.
Higher interest on checking and savings accounts drives core deposit growth at Elements Financial.
Several CD specials in 2014 and 2015 attracted interest in share certificates as the credit union aggressively sought deposits to fund lending.
The annual surge of deposits and long history of good-paying jobs from the company that first sponsored the credit union in 1930 has also made for a favorable environment for investments.
Wealth management enables us to provide cradle-to-grave' solutions, says Matt Snively, who has been senior vice president of wealth management at the Indiana credit union for more than a dozen years. We can serve a member with a 529 at the start of their life, serve them with traditional deposit and loan solutions in the middle, and provide retirement and estate planning for those later years.
Chris Sibila, EVP/CIO, Elements Financial FCU
Elements Financial currently has $630 million in assets under management, including approximately $410 million in an advised assets program that generates fee income. In 2017, wealth management generated nearly $800,000 of the credit union's net income that's more than 10% of the $7.7 million total in net income in earned for the year.
That wealth management income is also reliable.
Approximately 80% of total revenue from wealth management is derived from fee-based advisory services, Snively says. And around 90% of our total revenue from that program is recurring income.
Two of the credit union's seven branches one at the Lilly Corporate Center and one at the Lilly Technology Center have in-house wealth advisors. The credit union's other six advisors, three registered sales assistants, and program manager are based at Elements Financial's own headquarters.
Matt Snively, SVP of Wealth Management, Elements Financial FCU
Snively says only the two branch advisors get referrals from the credit union. The other six work from existing client referrals and their own prospecting. Elements Financial operates its wealth management services as a dual employee program with LPL Financial, which also handles managed accounts.
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Elements Financial has been offering investment services since 1997, and the original advisor, Bruce Evans, is still on board. The credit union also offers higher-end services through its private client services program, with higher savings and checking rates, premium card options, and come-to-you options for face-to-face meetings.
According to Snively, credit unions must treat wealth management programs as a core offering, not as an ancillary product, if they want the programs to succeed.
Senior leadership should see wealth management as a solution that receives equal time in the overall sales marketing effort, the SVP says.
Elements Financial added a dedicated marketing specialist for wealth management two years ago and now uses white boards in branches, direct mail, email, web, and employee education as awareness channels. The financial advisors educate branch staff and the marketing department as well as offer seminars with members and prospective members. In 2017 the advisors conducted 75 of these sessions.
Meanwhile, the branches made more than 1,000 referrals last year, and there's still room to grow. Only 3% of the credit union's members use the credit union's wealth management program, but it generates more than 10% of the credit union's net income.
Our wealth management program offers members a terrific mechanism to help them reach their long-term goals, Snively says. And it's always great to find sources of non-interest income.
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Why Does My New Puppy Whine So Much?
Whining sometimes can mean that your little one feels under the weather.
Even if your new puppy is picture-perfect in every single way, occasional whining is pretty much inevitable. If he whines a lot and it's breaking your heart that you can't comfort him, consider all of the possible root causes of his vocalization, whether pure loneliness or the basic need to go to the bathroom.
If your pooch is in the midst of undergoing crate training for housebreaking purposes, then his whining could be a request -- or demand -- to be let out of the thing. Puppies are full of excess energy, and being inside of a crate doesn't exactly allow for too much fun sprinting and exploring. If you hear your puppy whining up a storm every time you come back home after an hour of errands, it probably means that he's ready to get out -- now.
Dogs often bond to people quickly, and separation anxiety is a possibility even if your puppy has only been in your life for a brief period of time. If you reside in an apartment complex and your downstairs neighbor can hear your puppy's whining and wailing all day while you're at work, then it's because your cutie has not learned yet how to cope with being on his own. Apart from whining, separation anxiety is often associated with a lot of other not-so-pleasant behaviors -- think nonstop barking, scratching home interiors, chewing and frenetic activity.
Whining in puppies sometimes is a helpful request to be allowed outdoors to eliminate, whether "No.1" or "No. 2." If your wee pooch still isn't adjusted to his bathroom schedule, then he might whine as a way of letting you know that he's uncomfortable and has to go -- stat. This is especially common right after puppies finish either eating or drinking water. Keep your eyes open for any other indications of the need to use the potty, such as scratching the front door or simply sitting in front of it.
Puppies learn fast, and if your little one has already learned that whining is a surefire way of getting your fast attention, then don't surprised if he does it over and over again -- yikes.
One of the most sweetly endearing things about puppies is their giddy and overwhelmed natures, but to an extent. If your puppy whines excessively every time he even sees you walking his way, he's happy to see you and just doesn't know what to do with all of the thrill.
Immoderate whining can also indicate that something is amiss in your puppy. Perhaps he has a belly ache. Perhaps he fell down somewhere and feels like he has a wound. If your puppy whines a lot and you have no idea why, never rule out the possibility of health ailments. Take your puppy to the veterinarian immediately if you have any reason to think that he's whining out of pain.


Happy Monday! Welcome to a new Monday Montage Blog Hop. I'm still loving the new products in the Annual Catalog and have a card swap to share with that I made last month.
There is lots to love on this card. First the color scheme - Peekaboo Peach, Melon Mambo, Basic Gray, and Smoky Slate. I love that new In Colors can take some other colors and make them fresh and modern. Another thing to love on this card is the Sparkle Embossing Folder. The pattern is on trend and super easy to use with anything. The last thing that I am loving on this card are the two new punches. Both the Best Badge Punch and the Duet Banner Punch. Just like the embossing folder, these shapes are so versatile I can't help but use them.


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New York State Enacts Small Business Truth in Lending Law
Jason Kim, Tom Pinney, Stuart Wells
White and Williams LLP
On December 23, 2020, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo signed into law Senate Bill S5470B (Small Business Truth in Lending Law), which imposes new requirements on certain providers of commercial financing. Aimed at protecting small business owners, the Small Business Truth in Lending Law requires key financial terms such as the amount financed, fees and annual percentage rate (APR) to be disclosed at the time a credit provider or broker makes an offer of financing of $500,000 or less. New York is now the second state after California to require Truth in Lending-type disclosures for small business loans by online and other non-bank lenders.
Who is subject to the disclosure requirements?
The new law is sweeping. It applies to any "provider" of "commercial financing." The term "provider" is broadly defined to include "any person who extends a specific offer of commercial financing" to a small business. "Commercial financing" is also broadly defined to include loans, factoring, future receivable purchases or any "other form of financing" that is intended to be used for a commercial purpose. Thus, factors, merchant cash advance (MCA) companies and other non-traditional financiers will likely be subject to the new disclosure requirements.
There are numerous exemptions, including banks, trust companies, industrial loan companies and incidental lenders making five or fewer commercial financing transactions in New York in a year. However, this does not necessarily mean that transactions involving banks are exempt from the disclosure requirements of the new law. A non-bank that enters into an agreement with a bank to arrange for the extension of commercial financing via an online lending platform would still be subject to the new law.
Importantly, the law does not apply to individual commercial finance transactions over $500,000 or to transactions secured by real property such as mortgage loans, but on January 6, 2021, legislation was proposed to expand its application to transactions up to $2 million.
What disclosures are required?
The law categorizes commercial financing into five types of transactions: (i) sales-based financing (future receivable purchase financing); (ii) closed-end financing (term loan); (iii) open-end financing (credit line); (iv) factoring; and (v) other forms of financing. While each type of transaction has specific disclosure requirements (see chart below), the law requires all providers to disclose finances charges, fees and, most importantly, the actual or estimated APR:
How will the disclosure requirements be implemented and enforced?
The law authorizes the Superintendent of the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS) to promulgate rules and regulations necessary to effectively administer the law. Those regulations include, among other things, rules regarding calculation of the required disclosures, the formatting of the disclosures and defining terms used in the law. In other words, much is yet to be determined about how the new disclosure law will be implemented and enforced.
The law does not provide for a private right of action, but it authorizes the NYDFS to impose penalties for violations which may include civil penalties of up to $2,000 for each violation or up to $10,000 for each willful violation, as well as injunctive relief on behalf of any recipient affected by the violation.
What effect will the disclosure requirements have on small business financing?
Since 2008, alternative financing for small businesses has grown rapidly and, today, by some estimates, exceeds $19 billion annually. Except for a hodgepodge collection of state usury laws and inconsistent enforcement of those laws by the courts, the industry has operated without regulatory scrutiny. Suddenly, that has changed. The Securities and Exchange Commission has sued one company, Par Funding, for misleading investors about the nature of its products, the New York Attorney General has sued another company, RCG Advance, for allegedly misrepresenting the terms of its transactions to merchants and the Federal Trade Commission has instituted similar suits against RCG Advance and Yellowstone Capital. New York's new disclosure law represents the latest in a growing trend to regulate the world of small-business financing.
The law is intended to make it easier for small business owners to understand and compare different types of financing by requiring disclosures in similar terms. While well intended, it may be difficult for certain lenders to comply with the new law or for the NYDFS to even develop rules to effectively administer the law. For example, it may be difficult to calculate the APR for financing that has frequent and variable payments or remittances such as traditional factoring.
The new law will undoubtedly increase the cost of financing for small businesses and create difficulties for factors, MCA companies and other alternative financing companies in calculating the APR and determining other disclosure requirements such as the term of the commercial financing or breaking out the financing costs. Whether it has the desired effect of protecting small businesses remains to be seen.
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It has been said so many times before, and it will be said again: Moving is stressful, and on so many levels at that.
For many people, even the simple thought of physically moving all their things from one place to another is more than enough to give them rashes. Then there are the people who are stressed out by the thought of leaving a place they called home for a long time and the apprehensions that come with moving to a new house, city, or state.
Moving, however, doesn't have to be that stressful. There are a number of ways that you can make it so.
You can, for example, just accept that stress and the moving process go hand-in-hand. The sooner you realize and accept that stress will always be a part of any move, the better it will be for you since you can already brace yourself from what's to come. In other words, you will be prepared for everything that moving day will throw your way.
Speaking of being prepared, you will also be spared a considerable amount of stress if you get ready for the move way ahead of the arrival of the movers. That should make the entire process easier, and that means a lot less stress.
So get your things packed, label boxes, and do everything you can to be ready to go the moment the moving truck pulls over in front of your soon-to-be former home.
If you want more tips on how to prepare for movers before they arrive, check out the infographic below from A&C Brothers Moving & Storage, a Phoenix mover company.


Anthony Andrew Jones (born May 16, 1960) is an American football coach and former player. He served as head coach at Morehouse College from 1999 to 2001, and Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University from 2002 to 2013, compiling a career college football record of 101 wins and 70 losses. Jones played eight seasons as a tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and San Diego Chargers during the 1980s. He was a member of the Redskins' 1987 Super Bowl championship team.
Jones initially attended the University of Maryland Eastern Shore but then transferred to Wichita State University where he played for head coach Willie Jeffries. He earned several honors as a tight end, including the Ben Hustle Award (1981) and All-Missouri Valley Conference recognition (1983). Following his senior season with the Shockers, Jones was selected in the eleventh round of the 1984 NFL Draft by the Washington Redskins. He went on to play eight seasons for the team, helping to win a Super Bowl championship in 1987. The Redskins traded him to the San Diego Chargers during to the 1988 season, but Jones was forced to retire after suffering a knee injury before the next season.
Jones' first head coaching job was at Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia, where he spent four years. After serving as the offensive coordinator and assistant head coach in his first year with the Maroon Tigers, he was promoted to head coach in 1999. After going 2-8 in his first season, Jones led the Tigers to the first back-to-back eight-win seasons in school history. He was named SIAC Coach of the year both times. The 2000 campaign (8-3) qualified him and the Tigers as the second-most improved team in NCAA Division II.
Following his second consecutive eight-win season (8-2), Jones was one of three finalists for the 2001 Eddie Robinson Coach of the year Award along with Doug Williams (Grambling State) and Rick Comegy (Tuskegee).
Anthony Jones is entering his 11th season as the leader of the AAMU Bulldog football program. In 2006, Jones led the Bulldogs to their first SWAC title and tied the school record with nine victories. The Bulldogs posted back-to-back nine-win seasons in 2005 and 2006. The 2006 SWAC Coach of the year has led A&M to four SWAC title games in nine seasons and enters the 2011 campaign with an 82-54 career record.
With his 79-47 record while at Alabama A&M, Jones' 79 wins at A&M rank second all-time behind legendary A&M coach Louis Crews, who won 93 games at A&M. In 2005, Jones led the Bulldogs to their second SWAC East Championship under his reign, and a 9-3 record. The nine wins also earned Jones a milestone victory in the regular season finale, a 31-16 win at Prairie View served as the 50th win in Jones' career.
After the Bulldogs posted tremendous 8-4 records in each of his first two seasons in 2002 and 2003, the team from the Rocket City capped off another outstanding season in 2004 with a 7-4 mark. With a 21-7 victory in the Magic City Classic Jones is 7-2 in his nine seasons against in-state rival Alabama State. The 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2009 teams also captured the John Merritt Classic title, defeating Tennessee State in the season-opener. Alabama A&M remains the only visiting team to have beaten Tennessee State in the John Merritt Classic's history.
Three times, Jones has led A&M to six-game winning streaks in his tenure. After two early losses in 2002, Jones' Bulldogs won six straight and eight of nine to finish the regular season. The Bulldogs captured the SWAC East (6-1). This led to A&M's second berth in the SWAC championship in three years. In 2005, after a disappointing Homecoming loss to Texas Southern, the Bulldogs regrouped and won six straight games to finish the regular season en route to another SWAC East title and a berth in the SWAC Championship game. The 2009 season saw three two game win streaks and victories over Jackson State (13-5) and Mississippi Valley (17-12) in the final two contest of the season to earn Jones his fourth SWAC East championship and title game appearance.
Jones has led A&M to five division championships in his 11 years as head coach - the most successful run in the history of the SWAC championship game.
On December 1, 2013, It was announced that Jones would not return as Alabama A&M head coach. Jones served as Alabama A&M football coach for 12 seasons.
Jones' son Julian was a top football recruit out of Hazel Green High School in Alabama. The 16-year-old junior committed suicide on October 6, 2014. Several Division I college football programs recruited him and two schools (Mississippi and South Carolina) had already extended scholarship offers to him.
↑ "Anthony Jones NFL Football Statistics". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved December 3, 2013.
↑ Collman, Ashley (October 7, 2014). "Top high school football recruit and son of former Alabama A&M coach commits suicide at the age of 16". Daily Mail. Retrieved October 9, 2014.


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CompassOne Healthcare :: Crothall Healthcare Places 3rd in Best Places to Work in PA!
On November 30, the Top 100 Best Places to Work in PA converged on the Lancaster, PA, conference center for the gala event where rankings would be revealed. Crothall Healthcare has had a place on the list every year since 2013, having been selected for outstanding employment practices and an exuberant satisfaction survey result. This year, representatives from Crothall's EVS team at Hospital of the University of PA attended the gala, and Unit Director Letitia Johnson accepted the award on behalf of the company. The selection process, which includes a questionnaire and employee survey, is open to all businesses throughout Pennsylvania.