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Cometary Tales
Writing on the Solar Wind
Gravity & Energy
Teachers & Learners
Secrets & Adventures
All That Was Asked Blog
What's with the weird words?
Post author By cometary
Translations In the Real World
(Photo by Tflanagan at KSU, Saudi Arabia,
Creative Commons CC BY-SA 3.0)
One of the first things people ask me when they read certain of my stories is "What's the right way to pronounce all these weird words?" My stock answer is: "However you like! It's all made up, whatever sounds right inside your head is fine by me."
Starting the process of doing an audio book for All That Was Asked has forced me to face the fact that, well, really there is a "right" way. For one thing, the story centers on language–in fact, the working title of the book was "Translations by Ansegwe." In general, for the stories where I have a made-up culture with their own language or an "evolved" culture that's grown from more-or-less familiar cultures but uses a language other than English as their root language, I do know how those words should be pronounced. I'm that wonky sort that blows off an entire afternoon at Worldcon to attend a linguistics workshop, so, well, that's where I'm coming from.
In the real world, I know French pretty well, I watch a lot of foreign-language TV (though of course I'm relying on subtitles), I live in place where I hear Spanish and Russian regularly, and I have technical-world acquaintances with a great variety of language "homes" from India to Europe to Africa to both Chinas. I've struggled to learn a smattering of my culture-base language–Gaelic. And I grew up being hauled around to various places in the U.S. and England. I even still "hear" (and alas for spell-checkers, spell) most English as Brit-style. End result: I love the interplay of languages and the way everyone talks. I do not claim to be a polyglot, but I'm a diligent researcher and I just love all those sounds.
In my writing, most of the problematic words are names, because I think of such stories as having been "translated" from the alien/alternate history language set. Names tend to get left over after a translation, because even if I'm translating a story from French to English, I wouldn't change "Tourenne" to "Terence" or "Gervais" to Gerald, because a) the names aren't really the same and b) the sounds of names add the flavor of a language without requiring a reader to actually know a foreign tongue directly. Spoiler? My current work-in-progress has characters named Tourenne and Gervais, and they live in a francophone culture that doesn't exist anywhere in the real world.
In the made-up language base for All That Was Asked, I have lots of names for people, place-names from more than one country in the alternate-universe world, and a few name-based terms. (The academic types in the story have dreams of winning their version of the Nobel prize, so they talk about it a lot. The Nobel prize is named for a person, but . . . it's a thing.) I wanted the central names to make sense, to have relateable sounds, and to have some commonalities. For instance, in English we have a lot of names that end in '-y'. I selected some sound elements that would fit into different names and tried to make them sound like they came from a distinct self-contained culture–except for a few names I made up specifically to sound like another culture, in the same world.
I decided on a family-personal naming order that made sense for the culture–Family first, Personal second, and most people refer to each other and address each other by their personal names, because everyone knows what family everyone else belongs to. And I made names longer than we're used to in English. In our culture "power names" tend to be short, in theirs, most people have multisyllable names, and powerful people tend to have longer names.
For other sets of words in this story, ones that are "translated" to English, I "hear" the words in British/European English rather than American English, because that fits better with the social style of the people and gives it a little bit of distance for American readers. It may sound really fussy–especially for such a short little book–but I think having a clear auditory sense going into it helped me with building the alien culture. I just have to hope it carries through to readers and listeners–not a burden to cope with but an added feature of the story.
In my next post, I'll give you a blow-by-blow pronunciation guide for All That Was Asked, with a few background bits to liven it up a bit.
Tags alien, all that was asked, fiction, first contact, languages, novel, pronunciation, science fiction, translation
. . . GO! "All That Was Asked" is out, now!
The pre-midnight roll-out
One thing about the global economy…it's January 31st in some places already. Barnes and Noble has the paper editions as well as the Nook version ready to go.
Get it at Barnes and Noble
Meanwhile, Amazon is lagging behind, with just the Kindle version and it still is tagged as "preorder" . . . in the U.S. C'mon Jeff, don't you want more money for your rocketship project? UPDATE: Amazon is up, in Kindle and Trade Paperback editions.
But you can download it from Amazon's sites for the UK or India.
And it's up at Canada's Biggest Bookstore, !ndigo.
And in Australia at Angus & Robertson.
No problems at Smashwords, either.
And you can use Paper Angel as a home base, plus a place to read the sample or order a signed copy direct from the publisher.
My favorite, though, is the listing on Rakuten-Japan. Though of course it's on "regular" Rakuten, too (i.e., Kobo).
Tags all that was asked, Book, first contact, launch, science fiction
Ready . . . set . . . and . . .
Pre-Orders Are Open
You can now pre-order my new book direct from Paper Angel Press or through your favorite bookseller:
Barnes & Noble (all editions)
Read a Sample Here
This first-contact story explores the challenges of communication between species–when neither side has a universal translator to rely on, when the alien in question is so odd most people would consider it an animal, not a person, and when accidents and misunderstandings get in the way.
Ansegwe's a tagalong, a wannabe poet, and the pampered offspring of a rich, powerful family. When faced with the choice of leaving an injured alien creature to fend for itself in the wilds of a strange world, he makes decisions that force him to contend with his own failings–but also help him discover his mission in life.
Available in hardcover, trade paperback, and digital editions on January 31st. Pre-order now! Free shipping for B&N members and on Amazon Prime.
Tags all that was asked, first contact, paper angel press, science fiction
It's happening again…
I can't believe it myself.
So let me work up to it.
Long, long ago, when I was a horse-mad thirteen-year-old, we lived stranded in a one-street suburb of Montgomery, Alabama, where the only available equine companionship came in the form of a mare and foal pastured behind our house. The mare was tolerant, not friendly, but not the type to pitch a fit when some kid squeezed through the barbed-wire fence to pamper her baby. It helped that the colt wasn't a baby anymore, to be sure.
Generally, I would manage to sneak out with an apple, which the young horse would snarf down with relish. Then he would snuffle at my pockets in hopes of seconds. Horses are smarter than non-horsey people give them credit for. Horses know what pockets are for. Pockets are containers for apples, carrots, crunchy horse treats, sometimes even a handful of grain, preferably sweet feed. They do not care about the cries emanating from laundry rooms when mothers find pocket-loads of such goodies swirling in the wash.
One fine February day, I ventured out with only some small treat, nothing as appealing as an apple. It was chilly, so I wore my new(ish) red coat. And my pony friend bit me on the shoulder. Another thing non-horsey people may not know is that a horse can bite hard. They fight with their teeth–stallions even have extra-sharp eye teeth for those battles that make the front covers of old cowboy paperbacks.
That bite hurt. It hurt bad. I was not so horse-crazy that I didn't run home for help. I was lucky to be wearing that insulated jacket–all my friend gave me was an enormous bruise, as the coat distributed the impact nicely. My mother was angry, scolding me for trespassing in the pasture but also clearly angry that the horse had hurt me. I took his part, explaining–convincingly, I was sure–that he simply mistook the red, rounded curve of my shoulder for a big shiny apple. It was my fault, I told her, for leading him to expect apples all the time and . . . most accurately, for turning my back on him. I loved horses, but I'd been hanging around them since I was six, and I knew better.
Bear with me. I'm getting there.
We were living in Montgomery because my dad was attending the Air War College, an academic-style officer-training program. It's very like a master's degree program in strategy, analysis, all that sort of thing. (My copy of Strunk and White is a discard from the library there, one my dad brought home for his aspiring-writer kid.) My mom grew up spending summers on "the farm"–her parent's country get-away. My dad was a city boy through-and-through. Years later, I learned he was afraid of horses–that the thought of his kid galloping around on top of one of those monsters horrified him.
The War College program is only a year. One spring night, quite late, my parents stumbled into the house after some kind of semi-official party at the AWC. They, or at least Dad, had had a really fun evening. Really, really fun. My dad had received his next posting. As wing commander for a prestigious bomber wing. In North Dakota. We were moving to an air base where there was an on-base stable, in a state where horses were cheap to get and to keep.
"North Dakota is Rough Rider country, cowboy country," my dad told me that night, his eyes bright and his grin much wider than usual. "So you can have a horse in North Dakota. Won't that be great?"
When Dad sobered up, the next day, and recovered from his headache, the day after, Mom sat him down and told him what he'd promised me. And she held him to it. She wouldn't let him back out of it.
So for the next four months, I thought to myself, over and over again, I'm getting a horse, I'm getting a horse, I'm getting a horse.
It's happening again. I may be ever so much older than twenty now, but I'm having all those same feelings Though it's not a horse this time. It's a book. It's my book. And it's being published. For reals. For really reals. In four months.
It's about a couple of strangers who meet up and have some troubles understanding one another.
Cross-species friendships can be complicated.
The book is All That Was Asked. It's coming out from Paper Angel Press, a publisher based in San Jose, California. And it should be out in January of 2020. In the meantime, check out all the other books that Paper Angel Press has available.
Convention Time is a-Coming, Ha-Ha
I'm all kinds of happy about convention time this year. It makes up for a lot of crummy stuff that happened in my little world in the first third of 2018.
BayCon programming liked some of my program ideas. They even put some of them on the program! Even better, though a little scarier, they plunked me down as a panel member on two of them and asked me to moderate a third. I'm getting better at this panel thing, though. I've discovered I do have a few things to say, and I have managed to steer a group around to keep the panel on track or at least bring the quietest panelist back into the conversation. I'm solidly on science track this year, so I will make sure to brush up on my Real Facts before I show up.
Here's my schedule, just in case anyone's looking for me. Or at least so I have a place I can look this stuff up, myself:
Day Time What? Huh, what's that mean? Who's Who
May 27 1:00 PM Science and Politics in the USA: Latter Day Lysenkoism? Can US science recover from the anti-science policies of politicians? Where will the damage be most significant? Edward Kukla
(educator, biologist, mathematician, a moderator who knows how to make Ph.D.'s behave themselves)
Bradford Lyau, Ph.D.
(historian, political activist, literary analyst)
Vanessa MacLaren-Wray, Ph.D.
(science activist, writer, engineer)
Howard Davidson, Ph.D.
(turns science fiction into real-world stuff)
4:00 PM Bad Science: Pseudoscience, Hoaxes, and Illogical Thinking When we're reading or writing science fiction, we've got some poetic license, but we want the science to be fundamentally right. When looking for science resources, how do we winnow the chaff from the wheat? As a bonus, really bad science and hoaxers provide excellent fodder for parody SF. (I'm a big fan of Phil Plait, whose "Bad Astronomy " column is a good example of this kind of thinking.) Vanessa MacLaren-Wray, Ph.D.
(writer, mechanical engineer, writer, used to managing a roomful of smart guys)
(physicist, inventor)
Arthur Bozlee
(aerospace entrepeneur, oughta have a Ph.D., should hire the rest of us)
Jim Doty, Ph.D.
(writer, electrical engineer)
11:30 AM Wild Weather For the first time, science can show that three extreme weather events would not have happened without global warming, including the rain bomb that drowned Houston. We're also seeing tropical cyclones cross into the Bering Sea, and cold snaps bringing snow to the deep south. What can we expect to happen with tornadoes? Patricia MacEwen
(writer, physical anthropologist who also uses her knowledge for our kind of stories, all-around awesome person)
(writer, engineer working on energy efficiency to fight climate change)
Heidi Stauffer, Ph.D.
(real-life educator and environmental geologist, i.e., this stuff is her field exactly)
My BayCon program schedule has some holes in it, so I plan to take some time and scoot down to Fanime that same weekend. I love the costumes, and I've lately acquired a taste for Japanese pop music, and have even watched some of the anime (especially, of course, the science fiction) that rolls through on Netflix. I have an in-house anime expert who can give me insider tips so I don't have to watch everything to find what I'll like.
WorldCon is in San Jose this year! I am so stoked! I submitted some program ideas to that group as well, though haven't had any feedback from them. Though I don't expect to actually be on program, if they use any of my ideas I will be sure to go around claiming credit for them. I'm finally paid up on my membership (thank heavens for installment plans). My last WorldCon was in Spokane, and that trip was super-fun, but it kind of broke the family bank. With the con in San Jose, it's an easy daily commute. Niiiiice.
Climate science advocacy up close and personal. (Al Gore and Angie Coiro, December 7, 2017)
Al Gore won't be coming to BayCon, but we'll do our best to cover for him.
Aeromen Nation Blog
Aeromen Take the First Playoff Game, by Mike Green
Here is some feedback from the game. I kept score of Layin' Pipe when they batted. Susan, the acting manager, kept score of the Aeromen and has the batting stats. The game was played on Field 5 so we expected a low scoring affair. The Aeromen led the entire game for a efficient and satisfying 5-3 playoff victory. A blend of 7 veteran (i.e. older) Aeromen and 4 younger so-called "Other" players (Jose, Nick, Ulongo(?), and Mandy) provided the winning lineup. It was a fast paced win taking only 55 minutes.
Everyone contributed to the win. Alan (P) pitched a gem. He gave up only 2 earned runs. After the 4th hitter in the 1st inning, he retired the next 10 in a row. He only gave up 8 hits and only an one extra base hit, a double. Charlie (C) was his supporting battery mate. The defense was almost flawless. There were 14 fly outs and 7 ground outs. In the outfield, Antonio (LC) had 5 putouts, Ty (LF) 3, and Jim (RC) 1. In the infield, Jason (SS) was busy with 6 assists and 4 putouts, and Mike (3B) had an assist and a putout. He had the most creative play of the night when he dove to his left to snare a one-hop line drive, got to his knees, and shot put the ball to Ulongo for a force out at second base.
I asked our fans —OK, really our fan— to respond to such an artful win by the Aeromen. Vanessa stated matter-of-factly, "Isn't that the way they're suppose to play!"
That's why we love the Aeromen Nation.
Next week we progress to Round 2 game, and with a win, to the Championship game. The Round 2 game is against New Market Mallers, who are 1st seed and had a bye.
Think: Aeromen are the Champions
(Note: Detailed coverage of the Aeromen will occasionally appear in these pages. Guest authors retain copyright. Less-detailed game reports can be found on the team's Facebook page.)
Blog Hands-On Science
On Aisle 42, Universe Components: One Will Make You Smaller
A Top-Down Search for the Strange Charm of Putting Up With Those Quarks at Bottom of the Universe
For part two of our universe-construction project, while the helium models dry, it's time to delve into the depths of the sub-sub-atomic universe.
Consider those carefully-constructed model atoms. Each contains protons, neutrons, and electrons.
As it turns out, with electrons, there are (so far as physics can determine at present) no smaller particles needed to build an electron. Electrons are part of a group of six elementary particles called leptons. Some of these leptons–the neutrinos–were predicted to not even have any mass, but experiments have shown that while they are incredibly low-mass, neutrinos do have some mass. Interestingly, these experiments leading to even more new developments in fundamental physics and the Standard Model theory. Still, electrons are by far the most numerous leptons (at least in our corner of the multiverse.)
In our candy-based model, we have more than one proton crammed into in a nucleus. Each of those protons has a positive charge, but we all know that objects with the same charge repel each other. Why does the nucleus stay together?
In our model, of course, there is all that sticky candy. But in the real atom, there is also something that, in its own way, makes protons stick together. These other particles are one type of another class of matter, called mesons. These strange, essential, particles are stable only inside the nucleus, where (like our sticky marshmallows) they act as a "glue" to hold protons and neutrons close together.
Given that extremely tiny leptons have been observed, as well as tiny mesons inside the nucleus, protons and neutrons may begin to seem too big to be elementary particles. Sure enough, it turns out that protons and neutrons are also made of smaller particles. And those mesons, too, are made of those same even-smaller particles. And, while it took thirty years to search them all out, a total of six more fundamental particles (on top of the six leptons) have been found. Most of the matter we know about only requires two of those particles–plus the electron–but modern physics predicted six, and sure enough, there are six of them.
Meet the QUARKS. Their six kinds are: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. Each kind comes in a matter form and an antimatter form.
Intriguingly, the terminology for "kinds" of quarks is flavors. Other characteristics of quarks and leptons include color, another clue to the pleasure scientists find in these discoveries. For now, we'll experiment with the flavors of quarks. Unlike real quarks, we will use macroscopic objects that also happen to taste sweet.
As usual, if you're working with youngsters, begin by reassuring everyone that there will be plenty of time to eat their quarks later. Each person gets one each of the six flavors of candy…quarks. Because the candies will be handled a lot during the first stage, tell them not to open the wrappers yet. Observe the candies. One side has the brand name on it, and the other side is plain. If we put the candy name-side up, we'll call it a quark, and if it has the plain side up, we'll call it an antiquark.
Quark vs Antiquark
A meson is formed by pairs of one quark and one antiquark. Give the group some time to see just how many combinations can be made of such pairs. (A few special mesons combine two or three such pairs, in quark combinations.)
A Small Set of Mesons
This will take some cooperation–participants will want to get together and different groups will organize their tests differently. Meanwhile, if you have access to a whiteboard or poster paper, you can sketch out a list of simple mesons shown below. For smaller (or older) groups, you can also pass out copies of this grid and let everyone check off the combinations as they are discovered.
quark antiquark candy (name) candy (plain)
bottom eta b b pineapple pineapple
Upsilon b b pineapple pineapple
charmed eta c c purple purple
D+ c d purple peppermint
D0 c u purple red
J/Psi c c purple purple
Strange D c s purple green
Charmed B b c purple pineapple
Kaon0 d s peppermint green
B0 d b peppermint pineapple
Phi s s green green
Strange B s b green pineapple
pion u d red peppermint
kaon+ u s red green
B+ u b red pineapple
Charged rho u d red peppermint
Kaon*+ u s red green
What's important from this exercise is realizing that all of these two-quark combinations can really happen. Some of the mesons are the ones that help stick nuclei together. Others are found in outer space, as cosmic rays. Others are only found when scientists smash other particles together to find out what they are made of. Recently, the last of the mesons described by this model was detected by an international team of physicists, using the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, in Switzerland. This prompted huge celebrations by physicists and the process inspired a documentary film about the search for the Higgs Boson, Particle Fever.
When I ran this project at BayCon in 2017, one of the young participants scanned the list above and said, "What about the top quark?" Trust a science-fiction fan to spot an anomaly. Indeed, none of the known mesons make use of the top quark, which is the most elusive one of all, and in some ways the most peculiar. The top quark is extremely unstable–even more ephemeral than the strange, charm, and bottom quarks–and it requires a large particle accelerator to observe one. (Fermilab managed it first; now CERN's Large Hadron Collider holds the record.) Even then, once produced, a top quark vanishes in 1/1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000th of a second. The top quark is also amazingly massive, fueling the deep interest in the nature of mass itself, which many think is one of the functions of the Higgs boson, which itself has only recently been (tentatively) observed. Scientists at CERN hope to use the relatively massive top quark as a test laboratory to verify their (provisional) Higgs boson observations.
Three-quark particles are called baryons–the most common of these are protons and neutrons. The next step for our own quark exploration is to find the combination of up and down quarks that yields the proton and the one that forms a neutron. Each person has 2 peppermint and 2 of one other color to play with. Each group can also pool resources (still keeping those candy wrappers on) to mix and match groups of three using only 2 colors of candy.
To sort out which of these combinations works requires one extra piece of information. We know that an electron has a charge of -1, a proton has a charge of +1, and a neutron is neutral, with a charge of zero. Another cool feature of quarks…and one of the hardest things their discoverers had to come to terms with…is that they have fractional charges. Before quarks, everyone used to think of a charge…equal to the electric charge of an electron…as an indivisible thing. Just like an atom. But just as it has turned out that atoms aren't indivisible, neither is charge.
Up quark's charge: +2/3
Down quark's charge: -1/3
So, with just a little arithmetic, we can find out which of our combinations makes a proton and which makes a neutron. Here's the cheat sheet:
2/3 + 2/3 + 2/3 = 2
Positive…but too much for a proton
(-1/3) + (-1/3) + (-1/3) = -1
Negative, so it can't be a proton or a neutron.
Note: it's not an electron either–remember, an electron is already an elementary particle.
or udu
or duu
2/3 + 2/3 + (-1/3) = 1
OK! It's a proton!
(Just a reminder…the order the quarks are listed in doesn't matter.)
or dud
or udd
-1/3 + (-1/3) + 2/3 = 0
Yes! We have discovered the neutron!
Aha, it's a proton.
Aha, It's a neutron!
So, the charge calculations show that protons and neutrons are made of two ups plus one down for a proton and two downs plus one up for a neutron.
It's possible to have participants glue their protons and neutron quark groups together. A dip on the water cup from the atomic marshmallow project will make a candy piece sticky. However, these sticky messes will need to sit aside for a while to dry. If your participants include young children, you might want to skip that possibility, as a glued-up stack of Life-Savers could be a choking hazard.
Speaking of glue, the same BayCon2017 participants also suggested some ideas for incorporating gluons into our model. To cover the topic of quantum chromodynamics would be a fun challenge, but for the present, those lonely orange LifeSavers we'd set aside as those transient top quarks can be added between the red and white candies in our proton and neutron models to represent the color exchanges among the quarks.
So now we have established that everything in matter is made of tiny (and flavorful) points of dancing energy called quarks and leptons. How can we visualize the true relative sizes of these quarks, protons, nuclei, and atoms?
Poke a pin through a piece of paper and hold it up to the light, then pass it around, so everyone can see how tiny that hole is. Think of that bright speck as an electron or a quark. To be at the same scale, our helium nucleus would be about 3 feet across. A handy meter-stick or yardstick will provide a sense of scale, but for drama, bring out a huge balloon (the 36-inch size). It won't be edible, but it will be fun to play with afterwards. If that big old balloon is the tiny nucleus, then to build a whole helium atom we'd need a marshmallow about seven miles (ten kilometers) across!
So let's check back on our atom model from the atomic marshmallow project. It's mostly nothing, just that airy, fluffy marshmallow. Remember how thin the "shell" of the electron cloud is, and how surprisingly hard it is to notice the tiny nucleus once the two little protons and neutrons were placed inside. Even so, in our model, the protons and neutrons are huge compared with the atom. Imagine how fantastic the resulting candy treat would be–and how many people could enjoy it–if we'd tried to make this marshmallow atom model to scale.
On Aisle 42, Universe Components: The Atomic Marshmallow Project
The Atomic Marshmallow Kit
Now that you have all of your supplies ready, it's time to guide your group through the construction of a model atom.
Start by handing out the marshmallows and ice-cream topping pieces. With younger participants, it can maintain focus if you mention that there are extra supplies for snacking on afterwards.
Start with the marshmallow. Most of an atom is empty space. And most of a marshmallow is nothing but air frothed into sugar. So this marshmallow represents the "empty" space of an atom. For older participants, you can encourage them to think of the sugar of the marshmallow as representing not only the energy that permeates what we call "empty" space but also the forces that hold the atom together.
For a very long time, the atom was believed to be more-or-less of uniform density, an amorphous mixture of tiny negative particles called electrons swirling around in a positively-charged "pudding." In 1911, Ernst Rutherford and his team completed a series of experiments that shocked the physics community by revealing that most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in a tiny, central nucleus containing all of the positive charge. For our model, in honor of Rutherford, we'll build a helium (He) atom, which has a nucleus containing two protons and two neutrons. (Much of Rutherford's research focused on the alpha particle–which happens to be exactly the same as a helium nucleus.)
Let your dark-colored candies be protons and your light-colored candies be neutrons. (It doesn't really matter, but textbooks often draw protons as dark dots and neutrons as white dots.)
Candy Pieces Ready To Become Nucleons
Two Neutrons Plus Two Protons
Using the wooden skewer or toothpick, drill a small hole in the side of the marshmallow.
Making a Pathway for the Nucleus
Now use the same toothpick or skewer to push those nucleons (a word which here means "candy pieces representing protons and neutrons") into the center of the marshmallow.
One Down, Three To Go
At this point, we have a positively charged ion, because we haven't added any electrons yet. A helium atom needs two electrons, negatively-charged particles, to balance out the two positively-charged protons. Once it was established that the positive charge is concentrated in the nucleus, where did researchers decide that the electrons belong?
This is a good time in the activity to stop lecturing and instead gather suggestions from the participants and sketch their ideas on a board if you have one, or to gather around some sketching paper for discussion purposes. You can expect to see pictures that look much like a planetary system, because that's the way the atom often (still!) is drawn in textbooks. You might have a knowledgeable participant who'll shout out something like, "Shells! The electrons are in shells!" or "They're in the Cloud!" Regardless, during the discussion, build on these volunteered suggestions to reach a description of the electrons as whirling around the nucleus in a cloud, going so fast that you can't really tell exactly where they are, only that you know roughly how far they are from the nucleus.
Our helium atom's two electrons do indeed share an electron "shell", a layer of electrons a known distance from the nucleus. So let's put a very thin, energetic, sparkly shell around our atom.
Before setting up the shell supplies, pause to demonstrate the procedure. If you're working with younger students, you may need to stress that everyone will get their turn. If the "mess" part of the activity is an issue, set up a protected area where the messy activity is OK and let the participants queue up to build their atoms in assembly-line fashion.
Each group needs a container with about a cup of water in it and another container with a packet of dry gelatin mix emptied into it. (For fun, choose a gelatin color in keeping with whatever events are ongoing, or a local sports team's colors…anything to drive interest.)
To create the "electron shell" skewer the marshmallow firmly on the wooden stick, then very briefly dunk it into the water, then tap off any excess water into the water container.
and un-dunk.
Tapping off excess water is important, because otherwise the marshmallow can get soggy, which makes for a less-attractive candy atom.
Finally, gently swirl the damp marshmallow in the gelatin mix.
Adding the Electron Shell
Set the decorated marshmallows aside on a sheet of waxed paper or a plate.
Two Finished Helium Atoms
As time permits, participants can make other atoms…stuffing different numbers of protons or neutrons into marshmallows and adding a shell of electrons.
Tags atom, electron proton, marshmallow, model, neutron, nucleus, shell
On Aisle 42, Universe Components: The Shopping List(s)
As hinted in the previous post, for our universe-building project we're doing two construction activities related to elementary particles. So, we'll have two "Lists of Requirements" this time around. The model atoms use marshmallows, miniature candy chips, and gelatin mix. You'll need just one packet of mixed-flavor candies for even a fairly large group–in advance, you can separate out flavors into the amounts needed. For sub-atomic particles, we'll use multi-flavor candies, such as "Life-Savers"…we need six flavors, so you get to buy both peppermint and five-flavor mixtures. Depending on your workspace, you may choose to have participants work in table groups of of 3-4 people or to set up supplies assembly-line style in a relatively mess-friendly zone. The assembly-line method reduces the need for extra supplies, though these are quite inexpensive materials. For pre-preparation, it helps to count out supplies for each participant–small paper cups are ideal and stack neatly once your supplies are set up. Another helpful side item is a roll of waxed paper or a stack of paper plates for setting out the end-products while they dry or for taking them home.
One extra item, for your wrap-up, is highly recommended if your budget permits: pick up one humongous balloon–the 36-inch diameter size, in any color or design that delights you.
The recommended quantities are generous, to allow for after-project treats. Ice-cream sundaes, anyone?
The Atomic Marshmallow Project
Per person For a group of 10 For a group of 30
Standard size (not miniature) marshmallows
Miniature candies, dark color*: try candy "decors" or extra-tiny chocolate chip ice-cream topping mixture
1 package of mixed candies: count out at least 20 dark-colored pieces
Miniature candies: light color*: try candy "decors" or extra-tiny white candy chip ice-cream topping mixture 2
From the same packet of mixed-flavor candies: count out at least 20 light-colored pieces
From the same packet of mixed-flavor candies: count out at least 60 light-colored pieces.
Gelatin mix
(choose a variety of fun, colorful flavors)
(3-ounce size)
3 packets
(one per group of 3-4 people)
For an assembly line:
For each assembly line:
Wooden skewers (alternative: toothpicks) 1 10 30
10-16 ounce containers
(mugs, plastic cups, reused food containers) 2 6
For groups: 16
For each assembly line: 2
Small cups for sorting supplies 2 20 60
* IMPORTANT NOTE: If you're tempted to use peanut-flavor candies, remember to be SURE to check in advance that none of the participants suffers from peanut allergy. In its worst form, this allergy can trigger anaphylaxis merely through physical contact with peanut oils or proteins, but at the very least, peanut-sensitive people should not eat anything tagged "packed in same location as peanut-handling equipment" or "may contain nuts". There are lots of different candy chips to choose from; just be sure you end up with two different colors of "chips" for the protons and neutrons.
Sufficient Supplies For Construction of Approximately 40 Model Atoms
The second project's list is even easier, and doesn't require a "mess zone":
One Side Makes You Smaller
The counts of candies in a mixed bag of five-flavor candies is a bit random, so if buying for a group you may need to grab an extra bag, just in case you need it. The package of sorting cups you purchased for the Atomic Marshmallow Project will have enough for you to sort supplies for this project as well.
Per 10 people
For 30-person group
Five-flavor Life-Savers candies
1 of each color,
a total of 5
each gets 5 total, 1 of each color
(2 bags of individually-wrapped Life-Savers)
1 extra piece of one of the five flavors
(There should be enough left over from the 2 bags you've purchased.)
(There should enough left over from the 6 bags you've purchased.)
Peppermint Life-Savers
20: each gets 2
(1 bag of individually-wrapped peppermints
(2 bags of individually-wrapped peppermints)
A Pile of Quarks, Ready for Construction of a Small Universe
On Aisle 42, Universe Components: Notes for Project Leaders
I have a pair of projects to present this time–together, they are a sugar-based approach to understanding the building blocks of our universe. The goal is to build up a sense of the scale and dynamic relationships among the smallest particles identified to date, and how they combine to form the stuff we call "matter". By the end of these activities, everyone participating should have a clearer picture of the following:
1. All of the matter in our universe is composed of just a few extremely basic and very tiny building blocks. They're called quarks and leptons.
2.These building blocks, in the right combinations, make the next-level construction materials. The most common ones are electrons, protons, and neutrons. But there are others, too.
3. Once you have electrons, protons, and neutrons, you can build elements. Each element has particular physical and chemical properties–which arise from its unique physical composition of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
To make this activity fun (besides incorporating sweet treats), it helps to build into the presentation an element of discovery. First, we come to terms with the fact that the familiar atom is not the smallest particle. Second, we wrap our minds around the knowledge that even the tiny particles inside the atomic nucleus are made of even tinier ones. Third, at the conclusion, it's truly mind-expanding to try to envision each of these in true relative scale.
The atom is still a meaningful idea, so long as we adjust its definition to suit modern understanding. The concept of the atom dates back over 2500 years, to Leucippus of Miletus and his more-famous student, Democritus. They reasoned out that if you keep cutting a material, you'll eventually reach a particle that cannot be divided further. In Greek, the word "a" means "not" and "tomos" means cut, so when you call something an "atom," you're saying you can't subdivide it. However, even now that we know that the structures we call "atoms" can be broken open, we still use the term. For instance, we'll talk about "an atom of iron" or "the carbon atom". But instead of defining the atom as "indivisible", we now describe it as the smallest unit of a material that still retains those unique physical and chemical properties defined by its combination of electrons, protons, and neutrons.
In this project, we will build atoms from electrons, protons, and neutrons. Energized by our constructions, we will discard our preconceptions about the structure of the universe and descend to the sub-sub atomic scale, where we will capture quarks and leptons, then build ourselves some protons and neutrons and electrons. And then we will eat the lot: atoms, quarks, protons and all. It's elemental.
We'll proceed in two parts: "The Atomic Marshmallow Project" introduces the idea of atoms and their components, and "One Side Will Make You Smaller" takes us down into the realm of quarks. As in our other science projects, we'll include information to share with the participants as you go along. For those who would like to delve into more detail, you'll find links to good sources with plenty of depth.
Everything You Need to Build A Universe
Reader! The Game's Afoot!
My Instagram Adventure
Rediscovering Old Books
Listening to Books
Review: Best Intentions, by J Dark
Reader! The Game's Afoot! December 30, 2020
Have I got a game for you! You will master the ultimate algorithm, the one that conceals from you the books you love, the writers you want to see more from. This is your day, the day you will take command of the Amazon algorithm and make it do your bidding, release it from its […]
© 2021	Cometary Tales
© 2012-2021 Vanessa MacLaren-Wray All Rights Reserved


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Villa Louis National Historic Landmark
Villa Louis is a historic mansion on historic grounds along the Mississippi River in Prairie du Chien. The mansion was built by H. Louis Dousman in 1871, replacing an earlier one built by his father, fur trader and investor Hercules Dousman, in 1843. Located on St. Feriole Island, the mansion was also known as the…
Ten Chimneys National Historic Landmark
Starts of stage and screen frequented Ten Chimneys Estate , a National Historic Landmark that was home to Broadway greats Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne. The iconic couple, who married in 1922, appeared together in over 24 plays and, more recently, on a postage stamp. The Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on West 46th Street in New York…
Man Mound National Historic Landmark
Man Mound is the only human-shaped effigy mound left in North America – that we know of. Constructed sometime between 600AD and 900AD by Native Americans, Man Mound is 214 feet long and raises up an average of 2.5 feet up from the ground. It served as a gathering place for feasts, sacred rituals, and…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Витют — река в России, протекает по территории Надымского района Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа. Устье реки находится в 421 км по правому берегу реки Надым. Длина реки — 27 км.

Данные водного реестра
По данным государственного водного реестра России относится к Нижнеобскому бассейновому округу, водохозяйственный участок реки — Надым. Речной бассейн реки — Надым.

Код объекта в государственном водном реестре — 15030000112115300047583.

Примечания

Притоки Надыма
Реки Надымского района

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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COVID-19 Jan 2
COVID Surge Shuts Down Florida Hospital's Baby Delivery Unit
Soon-to-be moms who were hoping to give birth at Fort Lauderdale's Holy Cross Health will have to find another hospital due to rising COVID-19 cases.
Broward Jan 2
Rapper Kodak Black Arrested on Trespassing Charge in Florida
Rapper Kodak Black was arrested on a trespassing charge Saturday in South Florida, authorities said. The Broward Sheriff's Office said Black was taken into custody in his hometown of Pompano Beach early Saturday morning, according to the South Florida Sun Sentinel. Investigators did not immediately release details about what prompted the arrest. Black, whose legal name is Bill Kapri, later...
Parkland Shooting Oct 21, 2021
Activist Dad of School Shooting Victim Joins Anti-Gun Group
The father of a 14-year-old girl killed in the 2018 Florida high school shooting massacre is joining the top ranks of an anti-gun violence group to promote like-minded political candidates around the country ahead of next year's midterm elections
South Florida Oct 18, 2021
Convicted Murderer Charged After Body of Missing Florida Mother Recovered
A convicted murderer, who was released early from a 40-year prison sentence last year, has been arrested and charged with the killing of a Florida mother.
Confessed Parkland Shooter to Plead Guilty in Mass Shooting, Pleads Guilty in Attack on Guard
The gunman who killed 14 students and three staff members at a Parkland high school will plead guilty to their murders next week, his attorneys said Friday, bringing some closure to a South Florida community more than three years after an attack that sparked a nationwide movement for gun control. After speaking with his lawyers, Nikolas Cruz entered a guilty…
Donald Trump Sep 8, 2021
Trump Will Be Boxing Analyst For Saturday's Holyfield vs. Belfort Fight in Florida
Former President Donald Trump will be providing commentary for Saturday's boxing event, which is headlined by the Evander Holyfield-Vitor Belfort fight.
Broward Aug 25, 2021
Kite Surfer Dies After Colliding Into Building in Fort Lauderdale
A kite surfer died after rapid winds threw him into a building Wednesday in Fort Lauderdale, fire officials said. Fire Rescue Battalion Chief Stephen Gollan said the department got a call around 10 a.m. of the incident, which took place near Northeast 27th Street and North Ocean Boulevard. Gollan said the man launched into the air from the beach and…
Broward Jul 26, 2021
Death From 1985 Florida Shaken Baby Case Leads to Murder Charge
A Florida woman is charged with murder stemming from a decades-old shaken baby case
Broward Jun 19, 2021
HOA Orders Couple to Remove Pride Flag From Their Front Yard
Bob Plominski and Mike Ferrari say they are facing steep fines for displaying the flag in the front yard of their home. The Eastland Cove HOA issued a citation telling them to take it down or pay. "I got upset. We've done this before and it's a simple showing of our pride to the community and it's up for...
Broward Apr 21, 2021
South Florida Couple Attempts to Hold Wedding at Mansion They Didn't Own
A Florida couple invited family and friends to their weekend wedding at their "dream home and estate."
Broward Apr 4, 2021
Possible Military Explosive Device Washes Ashore on Florida Beach
Bomb squad members were called to an early morning scene in Lauderdale-by-the-Sea on Sunday after a possible military explosive training device was found washed ashore on a local beach. Broward Sheriff's Office officials say a deputy on patrol spotted the device around 2:30 a.m. near the water. Other BSO deputies were called to the scene to secure the area...
Parkland Shooting Feb 14, 2021
On Parkland Anniversary, President Biden Calls for Tougher Gun Laws
Sorrow is reverberating across the country Sunday as Americans joined a Florida community in remembering the 17 lives lost three years ago in the Parkland school shooting massacre
#MSDStrong: Third Anniversary of Parkland School Shooting Remembered
Three years after arguably the worst tragedy in the history of South Florida, the lives of 17 people killed during a shooting inside a Broward County school were honored Sunday. Events were held across the county to pay tribute to the lives taken – 14 students and three staff members – during the Feb. 14th, 2018, mass shooting inside Parkland's…
For Parkland Seniors, High School Years Bookended by Tragedy
The Marjory Stoneman Douglas Class of 2021 has endured a high school experience bookended by tragedies
FBI Shooting Feb 2, 2021
FBI: 2 Agents Killed, 3 Wounded, Suspect Dead in Florida
Two FBI agents were shot and killed and three others were injured while serving a search warrant early Tuesday morning in a Sunrise neighborhood, setting off a massive police response and lockdown. FBI officials said the agents were executing a federal court-ordered search warrant related to a violent crimes against children case at an apartment complex when they were shot...
Broward Oct 27, 2020
Thieves Take $1M Worth of Gloves Meant for Florida Hospitals
Thieves have stolen over 6 million gloves meant for first responders at Florida hospitals
In Memoriam Oct 22, 2020
James Randi, Dazzling Magician and Skeptic, Dies at 92
James Randi, a magician who later challenged spoon benders, mind readers and faith healers with such voracity that he became regarded as the country's foremost skeptic, has died, his foundation announced. He was 92.
Florida Aug 27, 2020
Coast Guard Offloads Over $228 Million in Cocaine, Marijuana at Port Everglades
Coast Guard crews began to offload over 28,000 pounds of cocaine and marijuana Thursday morning at a South Florida port. Officials say the drugs, worth more than $228 million in street value, were offloaded at Port Everglades after the cutter Hamilton arrived before 8 a.m. The drugs were captured during several interdictions in both the Caribbean Sea and the eastern…
Broward Aug 7, 2020
Giants' DeAndre Baker Formally Charged in Florida Robbery
A NFL player with South Florida ties was formally charged in connection with a May incident where police say he was among a group that stole watches and cash from another group of men at a Miramar house party. Broward State Attorney Mike Satz confirmed in a statement that 22-year old DeAndre Baker, a defensive back with the New York…
Couple Apologizes for Sheltering Accused Parkland School Shooter
A Florida couple regrets ever taking in a disturbed teenager in the months before he was accused of the 2018 massacre at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School


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Julien Chouinard,  (February 4, 1929 – February 6, 1987) was a Canadian lawyer, civil servant and Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada.

Born in Quebec City, the son of Joseph Julien Chouinard and Berthe Cloutier, he received a BA in 1948 and a LL.L. in 1951 from Université Laval. As a Rhodes Scholar, he received a BA in 1953 from Oxford University. In 1953, he was called to the Quebec Bar and started to practice law. He also taught law at Université Laval.
Auxiliary professor at Laval University from 1959 and, mid-time professor from 1964.
Member of the lawyer cabinet Gagné, Prévost, Flynn.

In 1965, he joined the Quebec civil service as deputy minister of Justice. In 1968, he was appointed Secretary General of the Executive Council of Quebec. He ran unsuccessfully as the Progressive Conservative candidate for the House of Commons of Canada for the Quebec riding of Matane in the 1968 federal election. In recognition of his contribution to public service, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1974. In 1974, he was appointed to the Court of Appeal of Quebec. In 1979, Prime Minister Joe Clark appointed him to the Supreme Court, and he served until his death from brain cancer in 1987. He is buried in the Cimetière Notre-Dame-de-Belmont.

References

External links
Order of Canada Citation

1929 births
1987 deaths
Alumni of St John's College, Oxford
20th-century Canadian civil servants
Canadian Rhodes Scholars
Deaths from brain cancer in Canada
French Quebecers
Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada
Lawyers in Quebec
Officers of the Order of Canada
Politicians from Quebec City
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada candidates for the Canadian House of Commons
Candidates in the 1968 Canadian federal election
Academic staff of Université Laval
Université Laval alumni
20th-century Canadian lawyers
Université Laval Faculté de droit alumni


Recently upgraded superb 4/5 bedroomed detached property extending to c. 1,776 sq.ft. (c.165 sqm.) ideally located on the Williamstown Road in Waterford's eastern suburbs. The property is situated on the second row of this private and mature development in a quiet cul-de-sac with no through traffic. Accommodation within this spacious 4/5 bedroomed home comprises of entrance hallway, sitting room, kitchen, dining room, living room, large utility room, WC, study / downstairs bedroom, and four generous upstairs bedrooms including master with en-suite shower room and main bathroom. Benefiting from gas fired central heating, the property also has new uPVC double glazed windows and doors, and uPVC fascia and soffits, as-well as a recently fitted kitchen. With a secure enclosed rear garden with side entrance, the property also has a cobble-lock driveway to the front with off street parking for two cars. Viewing comes highly recommended.
Ideally located in the eastern suburbs of Waterford City with a host of local amenities within easy walking distance including University Hospital Waterford, Tesco and Ardkeen shopping centres. The property is situated within easy reach of the city centre, and is close to the outer ring road allowing easy access to Waterford IDA Industrial estate, and all routes via the new City by-pass and South link bridge.
Tiled flooring. Cream fitted kitchen with integrated hob and oven. Recess lighting.
Tiled flooring. Free standing Stanley stove. Vaulted ceiling with Velux windows. Double doors to rear garden. Recess lighting. Blinds to windows and doors.
Laminate wood flooring. Blinds to window.
Laminate wood flooring. Double doors to deck area in garden. .
Tiled flooring. Fitted units and work surfaces. Plumbed for washing machine and dryer.
Carpet flooring. Sliderobes. Blinds to window.
Tiled flooring. WC. WHB. Shower. Tiled walls from floor to ceiling. Stainless steel heated towel rail.
Tiled floor. WC. WHB, Sink Bowl with vanity unit. Bath. Shower over bath.


Tony Kornheiser is following the herd with the Cleveland Cavaliers down 2-0 in the NBA Finals, bashing LeBron James' supporting cast while pointing out the Kyrie Irving–Kevin Love duo is inferior to the Dwyane Wade–Chris Bosh tandem the King had with the Miami Heat.
"His teammates aren't any good," Kornheiser said on PTI Tuesday as anti-Miami gasbag Mike Wilbon pleaded for LeBron to do more. "I understand that Kyrie Irving and Kevin Love are fine players but they're not Dwyane Wade and Chris Bosh right now.
The only issue with this — and God bless Twitter — is Kornheiser had a conflicting take in July of 2014 before the Cavs traded for Love, as PTI producer Tony Reali pointed out on Twitter so long ago (courtesy of @ColdTakesExposed).
Today, Kornheiser is not wrong in pointing out LeBron's current No. 2 and No. 3 are inferior to his former tandem of Bosh and Wade. The biggest difference? On the defensive end.
Bosh provided excellent pick-and-roll defense while Wade produced elite help D in the form of steals and blocks while also ramping up his on-ball defense in the big moments. Today, the Irving-Love combo is a disaster and the worst tandem in basketball at defending the pick and roll.


A local application for Windows desktops that requires no special hardware. Mapserver is an ideal product for businesses wanting to deploy a completely new desktop vehicle management and mapping solution out of the box. With a user-friendly interface Mapserver is also fully customisable, with powerful mapping and routing functionality.
To find out more about Mapserver's capabilities.


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Elvis Duran & The Beat Morning Show
Hollywood Hamilton Remix 30
Weekend Throwdown with Jagger
The Beat Info
Intern With The Beat
Comedian Norm Macdonald Apologizes For Controversial #MeToo Comments
September 13, 2018	Entertainment Daypop
Norm Macdonald is apologizing for the controversial #MeToo comments he made during an interview. In his chat with The Hollywood Reporter the comedian weighed in on the #MeToo movement and the resulting fallout of sexual misconduct accusations. "I'm happy the #MeToo movement has slowed down a little bit," Macdonald said. "It used to be, "One hundred women can't be lying." And then it became, "One woman can't lie." And that became, "I believe all women." Macdonald also talked about the controversy surrounding his friends Roseanne Barr and Louis C.K. Macdonald saying "there are very few people that have gone through what they have, losing everything in a day. Of course, people will go, 'What about the victims?' But you know what? The victims didn't have to go through that." Macdonald tweeted an apology Tuesday, saying "Roseanne and Louis have both been very good friends of mine for many years," Macdonald tweeted. "They both made terrible mistakes and I would never defend their actions. If my words sounded like I was minimizing the pain that their victims feel to this day, I am deeply sorry."
Norm Macdonald Apologizes for 'Minimizing the Pain' of Roseanne, Louis C.K. Victims
Via www.msn.com
Shortly after comments about Roseanne Barr, Louis C.K. and the #MeToo movement made during an…
Prosecutors Drop Sexual Assault Case Against Kevin Spacey In Massachusetts
Jennifer Lopez, Cardi B And Constance Wu Appear In First Trailer For The Movie "Hustlers"
R. Kelly Pleads Not Guilty To Child Pornography Indictment; Denied Bond Release
Emmy Nominations 2019: The Full List Of Nominees
Elvis Biopic Casts Austin Butler In Title Role
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Implementing a spiking program as part of your regular male management routine is a great way to maintain high levels of fertility throughout the life of the flock. The following article outlines three different types of spiking programs, each designed to meet your specific needs and circumstances.
Reared separately their entire life until reaching a desirable weight at 25-27 weeks. These are the most desirable quality of male for spiking. Rearing separately also improves the primary flock of males because both groups have improved density/feed space during rearing.
Reared with primary males then moved to a "spike house" at 20-21 weeks. Males are held there until they are 25-27 weeks old or reach the appropriate weight and sexual maturity. While these males are very effective when dispersed to an older production flock for spiking, this method does not allow for improved density/feed space during rearing.
Reared with primary males, then transferred directly to a production facility for spiking at 25-27 weeks. This method does not allow for improved density/feed space during rearing and has the potential to create undesired aggression toward young females in the first few weeks after transfer due to excessive male-to-female ratio.
The Intra Spiking method utilizes older primary males from two or more houses, swapping them from one house to the next. Intra Spiking is also an efficient use of existing males. Intra Spiking is most effective if done before fertility declines (around 40 weeks of age). Males are distributed evenly throughout the house, if male-female mixing is good and when males are still in peak physical condition.
Intra Spiking males can either be taken from one house and swapped with males in another house on same the farm, which creates very low biosecurity risk, or swapped with males on a new farm, which increases the biosecurity risk.
More primary males are needed for spiking to see any results. Exchanging 20-30 percent of the males between houses within a farm will create a stimulus of mating activity similar to that of New Male Spiking.
It is more important than ever to keep primary males in excellent shape, meaning males are uniform, in good mating condition and at the proper weight.
The Back Spiking method removes new spike males from a spent production flock (where they were placed at 25-27 weeks of age) and places them with a second flock. Only the best quality new spike males can be used a second time. By this time, new spike males are typically 35-45 weeks old. Because males must be handpicked from the existing male population, the Back Spiking method is not a popular choice because it can be time consuming and labor intensive.
Before choosing which spiking program is right for you, consider factors like availability of males, cost and biosecurity risks. No matter which type of program you implement, spiking is a very effective way to maintain hatchability levels throughout the life of a flock.


Apparently news broke about this a couple of days ago but nothing made it across my desk until earlier tonight. On Monday October 27th at 6pm/5pm Central, Cartoon Network will air a special one-shot LEGO DC Super Heroes special called Batman: Be-Leaguered. The listing has the synopsis as follows: "Superman wants Batman to join his new superhero team, but Batman prides himself on being a self-sufficient loner." There's a 30 second trailer for the 30 minute special posted below.
Remember that Batsignal build event at Toys'R'Us? I didn't make it in time but managed to scrounge up enough parts to make one thanks to instructions being posted in eBay auctions. I guess there was a comic book giveaway as well. Anyways, the reason I bring this up is because that build event was a promotional event hyping up the upcoming special if this tweet is to be believed.


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40 years and counting.. in service of India, Thank you Dr K. Sivan
A journey that began in 1982 with the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has come to an end on 14th January 2022.
Dr Kailasavadivoo Sivan, who joined the state-run space agency as a young engineer fresh out of college, is stepping down as Chairman, ISRO and Secretary, Department of Space, after 40 years of service, with many feathers in his cap.
Some of them include the then (February 2017) record launch of 104 small satellites from a PSLV rocket, development of SITARA, a 6-dimensional trajectory simulation software that is applicable for all of ISRO's rockets.
Notably, in more than 50 years of ISRO's operations, it was during his tenure (in late 2018) that ISRO managed to perform three successful rocket launch missions (GSLV Mk3, PSLV and GSLV) within a short span of 35 days. This is considered significant given how ISRO's launch calendar generally accommodates only a single launch per month.
Hailing from Sarakkalvilai Village in India's Southernmost district, Kanyakumari, Dr Sivan hails from a very modest family that was dependent solely on their father's agricultural income.
During his education at a nearby government school in Tamil medium and while pursuing his college education, he worked on their family's agricultural land to support the family.
He has described having spent his childhood without footwear. It was only after getting into his post-graduation that he wore a pant for the first time in his life. Till then, he had been wearing a 'Dhoti'.
Also read | From liquid oxygen to O2 concentrators, here's how ISRO is aiding India's COVID-19 battle
Three of Sivan's siblings couldn't complete their higher education, owing to the family's financial situation. However, having completed his B.Sc Mathematics with a 100% score, Sivan alone was allowed to pursue his higher studies, first at the Madras Institute of Technology (Aeronautical engineering) and later a Master's in Engineering from the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru.
He began his career with ISRO right after having completed his Master's.
According to ISRO's website, Dr Sivan had served as Project Director, GSLV (India's heavy-lift rocket series), and had led the team that revisited the entire design in the rocket's post-failure scenario, during the early days.
Besides the resolution of design issues and making GSLV operational, he had also been involved in the flight testing of indigenous cryogenic engines and stages.
He was also instrumental in the successful accomplishment of the first development flight of GSLV Mk-III, India's heaviest payload-carrying rocket.
Flight testing of the SCRAMJET engine and the technology demonstration of the re-usable launch vehicle (RLV-TD) is also to his credit.
Chandrayaan-2, a highly-anticipated Lunar exploration mission was also launched successfully and inserted into Lunar orbit, during his tenure. Months ahead of the high-profile launch, he had exclusively revealed the launch date and mission objectives, in conservation with WION, while at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, India's spaceport.
On the day of launch, the mission had to be called off, just an hour ahead of lift-off time, owing to a leak in the Cryogenic stage (the uppermost stage) of the GSLV Mk 3 rocket.
After a couple of days of identifying and rectifying the issue, the mission was launched successfully on July 22nd 2019, one week after the original date.
However, it was what Dr Sivan himself had earlier described as "seven minutes of terror"(the Lunar landing process), that proved to be an insurmountable challenge of the mission.
The Vikram lander which was supposed to land on the Lunar South Pole had gone incommunicado and off the planned path, just minutes ahead of the scheduled landing, following which it was learnt to have crashed.
Also read | Exclusive: Young scientists at ISRO's VSSC develop ventilators, oxygen concentrators
All of India stood in solidarity and shared the grief with an emotional and teary-eyed ISRO Chairman, in the aftermath of the crash landing.
With more ambitious targets to meet, ISRO continued to work on the prestigious Human-Spaceflight mission(Gaganyaan), a third Lunar mission Chandrayaan-3, Aditya L1 (a probe to study the Corona of the sun), NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture radar, XpoSat(X-Ray Polarimetry Satellite) among other routine missions.
With the pandemic having struck in early 2020 and later in 2021, ISRO's launch activities had slowed down. Lockdown-induced travel restrictions, logistical issues and supply issues from various industries (that were shut during the pandemic) are among the reasons said to have setback the launch calendar.
Even amid the pandemic, ISRO continued to function in hybrid mode and carried out the design, software development, documentation and several other tasks that could be accomplished remotely.
Helping the country in its fight against COVID-19, ISRO had also provided its cryogenic oxidizer (high-purity Liquid oxygen) to various states, to meet the rising demand for medical-grade oxygen.
ISRO had also developed low-cost ventilators and oxygen concentrators, thereby offering them to the Indian industry to meet the requirements indigenously by promoting local manufacture of these devices.
In August 2020, India's Department of Space, which Sivan headed as secretary, rolled out reforms that enabled private participation in the space sector that has been a state monopoly.
Also read | Who is S Somanath? Here's all you need to know about newly appointed ISRO Chairman
This meant that private industry and start-ups would be enabled to perform space activities such as rocket-building, satellite-building, owning, operating spacecraft and providing space and ground-based services.
Given that these activities are capital intensive and technologically not-so-easy to access, ISRO would be enabling start-ups to use their own facilities to perform various processes and functions, besides offering mentoring support, that would help the fledgling firms get closer to their orbital launch aspirations.
Dr Sivan had a detailed conversation with WION on the Space sector reforms.
2021 witnessed two ISRO launch missions – a PSLV and a GSLV Mk2, of which the latter ended up unsuccessful, owing to the final (Cryogenic) stage not igniting as planned.
As Chairman, Dr Sivan has also made announcements regarding how India was working with more than six countries to send Indian astronauts to space.
"Indian astronauts have completed their training at the Gagarin Cosmonaut training Center in Russia, we are working with French space agency CNES in the field of Space medicine, with Canada and Romania for wind-tunnel testing, Australia (ASA) and European Space Agency for ground station support" he said.
He also elaborated on how ISRO had initiated 46 technological endeavours such as Quantum communication, space-debris mitigation technologies like self-eating rockets, self-vanishing satellites and robotic arms to catch space debris.
In his New Year message for 2022, Dr Sivan had mentioned about three new space science missions -DISHA, a twin aeronomy satellite mission, a Venus mission and an ISRO-CNES joint science mission TRISHNA. Regarding the targets for the year, he outlined the launch of EOS-4 and EOS-6 satellites onboard PSLV.
Launch of EOS02 satellite onboard maiden flight of SSLV rocket, besides many test flights for Crew escape system of Gaganyaan and launch of the first unmanned mission of Gaganyaan.
He also mentioned that Chandrayaan-03, Aditya Ll, XpoSat, IRNSS and technology demonstration missions with advanced, indigenously developed technologies on-board.
Dr Sivan was appointed Chairman, ISRO and Secretary, Department of space in early 2018 and his tenure was due to end in January 2021.
In December 2020, the government of India had extended his tenure until January 14, 2022.
While his journey at ISRO has come to an end, the humble farmer's son-turned-scientist and technocrat would continue to inspire the country, its aerospace aspirants via the upcoming missions he chooses to undertake. Thank you Dr K. Sivan!
Source: Thanks WIONews.com


Back to the comedy index blogging and back to the books of Brooker. In the first part of this blog post (here), I looked at the indexes to Charlie Brooker's Screen Burn and Dawn of the Dumb, his first two collections of columns for the Guardian newspaper. This blog will look at the two later collections of his 'misanthropic scribblings', The Hell of It All (2009; hereafter referred to as Hell) and I Can Make You Hate (2013; hereafter Hate), again both published by Faber and Faber for Guardian Books.
As with the first two books, I believe the basic indexes were created by the publisher and then 'joke-i-fied' by the author, in his words.
The Hell index is 8 pages long for a 420-page book. The Hate index is a whopping 18 pages long for a book of about the same length. If only all our index length allowances were so generous.
Rather less of the overall content relates to TV programmes and personalities in these two books (but there is a lot more happening in the index besides). The increasing reliance on reality TV to fill the schedules is reflected in the books with references to such televisual delights as I'm a Celebrity…, The X Factor and, rather tragically with hindsight, The Apprentice – 'fronted by Donald Trump and his optical-illusion hairstyle, who's rubbish compared with Alan Sugar' (Hell, p.89). Enough said on that front.
The bizarre film and TV programme titles continue through these book indexes – some thankfully fictional (Vileda Supermop: the Movie) and others sadly not, including Help Me Anthea, I'm Infested! (which also gives rise to the later cross-reference: 'infestation, see Turner, Anthea').
This obviously just remains true.
Dubya, see Bush, George W.
President Dunderhead, see Bush, George W.
President Pillock, see Bush, George W.
Let's not think of any equivalents for President 45.
really nasties, see what sort of God lets something like that roam the Earth?
Following on from the fun of the first two Brooker indexes (discussed in the first half of this post here), it seems that the author was finding his stride with adding more varied humour to these indexes.
The Hell index at 8 pages is the second shortest of the four indexes but there is still plenty to enjoy within it, especially that 'yearning for chips' sequence. The 18-page Hate index is a veritable triumph of comedy indexing in my eyes and a great one to browse through even if you haven't read the whole book – which of course I have (cough). It's excellent to see that the publisher Faber and Faber was prepared to give Charlie Brooker so much leeway with the index content and length. It does add a considerable something extra to the end of a very funny book.
Both indexes function perfectly well as working indexes to their books, aside from the deliberately wrong entries. Things are where the index says they are, except when they are not supposed to be. The misspelled celebrity names work really well too, as the surnames are left intact and so do not affect the reader's use of the index, and the forenames are just wrong enough to be still recognisable while also (c)rudely laughable.
There seems to be less general swearing in these indexes, which was used to good effect in the earlier two indexes. Now the humour mostly derives from other tactics, with the notable exception of a short but stonkingly sweary cross-reference in the Hate index which leads the reader to Come Dine With Me. You can look that one up. It's worth it.
In conclusion, then, it's a great big hurrah from me for all four of Charlie Brooker's book indexes. They work very well in their satirical context and they make me laugh every time I look at them, which I guess is kind of the point.
More monthly blog posts are in the offing with various other funny, unusual and/or sweary indexes I have recently discovered. I'm always on the hunt for more such things if you should know of any. Suggestions welcome please.


text:
{{Fill in the Synopsis}}

## SYNTAX

```
Remove-CheckPointAddressRange -AddressRange <PSObject> [-Ignore <Ignore>] [-Session <Session>]
```

## DESCRIPTION
{{Fill in the Description}}

## EXAMPLES

### Example 1
```
PS C:\> {{ Add example code here }}
```

{{ Add example description here }}

## PARAMETERS

### -AddressRange
{{Fill AddressRange Description}}

```yaml
Type: PSObject
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases: Name, UID

Required: True
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: True (ByPropertyName, ByValue)
Accept wildcard characters: False
```

### -Ignore
{{Fill Ignore Description}}

```yaml
Type: Ignore
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases:
Accepted values: No, Warnings, Errors

Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
```

### -Session
{{Fill Session Description}}

```yaml
Type: Session
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases:

Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
```

## INPUTS

### System.Management.Automation.PSObject

## OUTPUTS

### System.Object

## NOTES

## RELATED LINKS

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home Preston News
Preston city centre roads shut down due to police incident
The area of Bistrot Pierre and Fishergate in Preston is currently closed
Police are asking the public to avoid an area of Preston after a man has climbed onto the roof and is refusing to come down.
The area around Bistrot Pierre and Fishergate in Preston is currently closed while emergency services deal with the ongoing incident. Police first received the call at 5.20pm. Fishergate itself, Fleet Street and Charnley Street have a presence from Lancashire Constabulary and Lancashire Fire & Rescue Service.
Lancashire Constabulary has confirmed they were called to the incident at 5.20pm after receiving reports of a concern for welfare. Negotiation is still ongoing. A police helicopter has also been called to the scene.
READ MORE: Speeding Preston driver avoids jail after trying to buy himself out of penalty points
A spokesperson for Lancashire Police confirmed: "We have closed off an area of Fishergate, Preston, following a call regarding a concern for welfare.
"A man has climbed onto the roof of a building and is refusing to come down. We would ask people to avoid the area at this time. We will update you as soon as we can."
Samaritans (116 123) samaritans.org operates a 24-hour service available every day of the year. If you prefer to write down how you're feeling, or if you're worried about being overheard on the phone, you can email Samaritans at jo@samaritans.org, write to Freepost RSRB-KKBY-CYJK, PO Box 9090, STIRLING, FK8 2SA and visit www.samaritans.org/branches to find your nearest branch.
Melissa MajorCumbria Reporter
UPDATED19:58, 16 AUG 2022
Tags:Preston city centre roads shut down due to police incident
Be the first to comment on "Preston city centre roads shut down due to police incident"


text:
Frank Beauchamp Shepherd Papers, 1920s-2014
Frank B. Shepherd
1920s-2014
This collection includes manuscripts, sermon notes, clippings about the Stone-Campbell from the Gospel Advocate, Bible Advocate, Christian Leader, etc., clippings from Non-Stone-Campbell sources, and books and Bibles. Each Bible (5 total) is annotated and belonged to Frank Beauchamp Shepherd that were used in his preaching and teaching. An accrual includes the textbook Shepherd used at ACC in the 1920s, sermon and class outlines, newspapers articles written for the Alexandria, Virginia Gazette, and copies of the Waipahu Weekly written by Shepherd and published in Hawaii.
Frank Beauchamp Shepherd was born on November 10, 1885 in London, England. He taught at ACC during the 1920s, and worked fulltime with congregations in Abilene, TX; Weatherford, TX, Altus, OK; Bryan, TX; Sweetwater, TX; and Honolulu, HI. He alos preached and conducted meetings in fourty-nine states, five provinces in Canada, England, Scotland, France, Germany, Belgium, Panama, and Bermuda.
Faye Shepherd, James E. Shafer
This collection is arranged by material type. Series I: Writings, Series II: Clippings, Series III: Bibles The accrual was added after Series III, and was not reordered or added into the existing folders. See the Control File for a detailed, item-level description of the contents of the accrual.
Series I: Writings A. Typescripts B. Manuscripts Series II: Clippings A. Stone-Campbell B. Non-Stone-Campbell Series III: Bibles
Churches of Christ--Texas, Churches of Christ--Virginia, Churches of Christ--Hawaii
1.5 linear feet (1 box)
[Identification of item], File or Folder Name, Frank Beauchamp Shepherd Papers, 1920s-2014. Center for Restoration Studies MS #275. Milliken Special Collections, Brown Library. Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX.
Open to researchers. Contact Milliken Special Collections to make an appointment.
ACU StaffAudrey SchaffnerBrady Cox
Shepherd, Frank Beauchamp; Shepherd, Faye; Shepherd, Maurice


text:
1411 Edition Preface
Preface to Compiling Ma's Genealogy in Yongle Period of Ming Dynasty
Since ancient times, the history of the country's development must be written down. If there is no historical record since ancient times, then our descendants will not know the prosperity and decline of people in the past and the quality of people. However, our ordinary person's family is the same as a country. A country cannot be without historical records of national development. How can an ordinary person's family have no genealogy? People with knowledge of the ancestors said that those who understand the ancient legal system could govern the world, and to govern the world, one must rely on the understanding of the ancient legal system. The compilation of genealogy is really a big deal to be handled in a hurry! Our Ma family was originally a descendant of ancient Boyi. In the forty-nine years of King Zhou Zhe, the powerful Qin State attacked Zhao State and besieged Zhao State. He led the troops to repel Qin State's troops and Zhao Guo Fengshi Ma Fujun; therefore, later great descendants used Ma as their surname. Later, when the State of Zhao was destroyed, the Ma clan moved to Xianyang. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, there have been many successful and prominent figures in the Ma clan. Xiang Muzong is the descendant of General Fubo in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Tang Dezong period, there was another heroic public named Sui. He defeated Tian Yue, settled in Hezhong, and lived in Ruzhou. His grandson inherited his grandfather's career and served as the junior supervisor of the palace. He was a great writer at the time. Han Changli, who was also a court official, personally wrote him an epitaph. Later, Mr. Xiaokuan suffered a disaster and moved to Maoshan in the east of Zhejiang. He found that there was sufficient water and the land was fertile, so he settled down here and later passed to Yuan Yangong. He was admitted as a Jinshi in Song Lizong Baoyou. The eldest grandson, Yunxiang, had 30 descendants in his life. The eldest son, Dazheng, originally lived in Maoshan. The second son was Daxinggong, and the third son Daxiangong was the ancestor of the Guangxi branch of our Ma family! In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty's emperor's celebration, Da Yougong served as the patrol officer to the east of Zhoushan, Zhejiang. After his term of office ended, he went home to recuperate and took his younger brother to visit many mountains and the water. He said, "I just discussed with my brothers that the beautiful mountains and rivers will surely prosper our future generations. The folkway of this town is simple and honest. Living there is to make long-term considerations for our children and grandchildren, and it is not far from our original place of residence. Why not let's move there?" So the brothers gathered their finance, and with the fund, they settled in the north and south of Zhenjiang Bridge. It was the autumn of the fifth year of Yanyou in the Yuan Dynasty. From here on, the Ma family members prospered, and people live in harmony and love each other. However, it is a pity that our Ma family tree was destroyed due to repeated wars. If we have not compiled our genealogy until now, then our descendants will be lost. They don't know the origin of our surnames, the branches of our Ma family, the elders and the inferior, etc., who gave rise to us. The people of the Ma family tree are not afraid of the heavy editing tasks. With the blessing of our Ma family ancestors, they are careful and careful to edit, and they have repeatedly verified and strive to make all the records of our Ma family tree correct, and the branches are clear. We strive to make prosperity. They recorded the rise and decline of our Ma clan's ancestors, as well as the pros and cons of character. They clearly passed on to future generations. I hope that the descendants of our Ma family will compile our Ma family tree better in the future, and we all count on the virtuous descendants of our Ma family! After our Ma family tree was compiled, this preface which wrote will be placed at the front of the genealogy.
The winter of Xinmao in the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty
Written carefully by Ming Ji, the eighth generation grandson of the Ma family.
1.0016A——1.0016B


text:
Ted Leo & the Rx, The Eternals played the Fireside Bowl (pics)
By BrooklynVegan Staff July 28, 2011 9:45 AM
words & photos by John Yingling
"Ted Leo was swell. Enough to make the peeps I know buy stuff. Which was great. But you frickin Aderall kids need t'learn to dance, bejeebus." – Linus Lee
"My dog is going to be pissed. Fuck him. It's Ted Leo." – Michael Gibson
"Ted Leo at the Fireside Bowl tonight. #1997?" – Mike Kinsella
"It's good to be back at the Pritzker Pavilion", Ted Leo joked at the sold out show at the iconic Fireside Bowl. "Compared to the bathrooms of old, it really is like the Pritzker Pavillion". The Eternals warmed up the crowd, and were exceedingly better than the last time I saw them. Proggy, fuzzy, screamy, they blended a gamut of sounds that won everyone over, especially Ted Leo. He thanked them for "leaving a splinter of a stage for us to play on" (and later tweeted "EEEEEYYAAAAAAAAH I wanna move to Chicago and just be in the Eternals!! #SoGood")
Unlike the previous day's Pritzker Pavillion where they played Tyranny of Distance in full, the set consisted of a wide array of cuts from the band's history. The crowd threw jokes about his cut-off jean shorts, and Ted said his knee felt better. Even with a strained knee, he hopped around with all the normal energy. I was unfamiliar with a chunk of the set, but came away a bigger Ted Leo and the Pharmacists fan. Those who weren't dancing had huge smiles plastered across their faces, likely happy to just witness Ted in one of his old stomping grounds. A great intimate performance, by a true front-man.
Continue on to view more of John's pictures..
Ted Leo & the Pharmacists
Filed Under: Fireside Bowl | galleries | Ted Leo | The Eternals Category: Music | pictures


text:
En géométrie, le petit dodécaèdre étoilé est un solide de Kepler-Poinsot. C'est un des quatre polyèdres réguliers non convexes. Il est composé de 12 faces pentagrammiques, avec cinq pentagrammes se rencontrant à chaque sommet.

Les 12 sommets coïncident avec ceux d'un icosaèdre. Les 30 arêtes sont obtenues en reliant chacun des 12 sommets aux 5 sommets les plus éloignés de lui, autres que le sommet diamétralement opposé. Elles sont partagées par le grand icosaèdre.

Si les faces pentagrammiques sont considérées comme cinq faces triangulaires, il partage la même surface topologique que le pentakidodécaèdre, mais avec des faces triangulaires isocèles plus grandes.

Comme une stellation
Il peut aussi être construit comme la première des trois stellations du dodécaèdre régulier, et référencé comme le .

Références

  , Polyhedron Models, 1974
  H. S. M. Coxeter, The Fifty-Nine Icosahedra, 1938

Liens externes

  Paolo Uccello's Polyhedra : mosaïque attribuée à Paolo Uccello, dans la basilique Saint-Marc de Venise

Solide de Kepler-Poinsot


text:
Q: Django model with only foreign keys I have an existing database, which cannot be changed.
It contains three tables:
A:
  a_id [primary key]

B:
  b_id [primary key]

A_B:
  a_id [foreign key]
  b_id [foreign key]

I want to create django models for these tables. Since django requires each model to have one primary key, model for the A_B table will have autogenerated primary key, eg. A_B_id. This is a problem, because the database schema cannot be changed.
Is it possible in django to use tables which have only foreign keys?
How could this problem be solved?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Kildare Ministries Newsletter – July 2018
Kildare Ministries was officially launched in Melbourne on 18 March, 2014 and in Sydney on 31st March, 2014. It comprises the educational and community works formerly governed by the New South Wales Province of the Brigidine Congregation, the Victorian Province of the Brigidine Congregation (www.brigidine.org.au) and the Presentation Congregation of Victoria (www.presentationsociety.org.au).
Kildare Ministries has received the authority to act as a Church body (Public Juridic Person). Significantly, this new structure will involve people at all level of governance of its educational and community works. The collaboration and participation by lay colleagues reflects the response to the call of Vatican II for religious to rethink the sharing of mission and to recognise the call of all the baptised to contribute to the leadership of the Church.
St Brigid's Kildare
Kildare Ministries takes its name from the Irish Cill Dara, Church of the Oak. It links to the spiritual heritage of St Brigid, Patroness of Ireland, and to the ancient order of St Brigid of Kildare, which existed in Ireland from the fifth until the sixteenth century, when the monasteries were suppressed. Bishop Delany chose St Brigid as patroness of the Congregation he re-founded in 1807.
The name Kildare is also significant to the Presentation Congregation. Presentation Sisters from Kildare in Ireland, established a foundation in Wagga NSW in 1874 and from there they established a community in Elsternwick, Melbourne.
To read about the most recent events and developments click on the following link to access the July 2018 edition of the Kildare Ministries Newsletter.
https://inewsletter.co/vmnVRY/kildare-ministries-newsletter-issue-five/#/0


Genus of 8 species of evergreen, twining, perennial climbers from forest margins and scrubby areas of temperate to sub-tropical Australia.
The blueberry or apple berry provides a touch of the exotic with its vividly coloured fruit, quite large in comparison with the slender vine.
Evergreen - small, lance-shaped leaves.
Climber - Some of these climbing plants will need trellis or wire supports if grown on walls or fences. Other grow aerial roots and are self-clinging - perennial climbers grown for their usually bell-shaped flowers on current year's growth and beautifully-coloured fruits.
Will grow outside in milder locations - This could include plants which would survive happily in a greenhouse or conservatory if not in a mild location. If you have a sheltered spot in your garden then it may do well here. - lime-free ericaceous potting compost and filtered light for greenhouse growing.
Additional Features	- Good to know - can be grown over a pergola, against a wall or allowed to scramble over vigorous shrubs.
Commonly known as: Climbing blueberry, Purple appleberry.


text:
Mille Papaveri Rossi è un programma televisivo-contenitore di approfondimento storico in onda sul canale tematico Rai Storia.

Il programma
La trasmissione si propone di raccontare la storia delle guerre del XX secolo, tra le quali la prima e seconda guerra mondiale, la rivoluzione bolscevica, la guerra fredda.

Accanto a nuove produzioni, il programma fa uso di documentari tratti dalle Teche Rai e realizzati da giornalisti e registi tra cui Enzo Biagi, Carlo Lizzani, Liliana Cavani, Gianni Bisiach, Massimo Sani, Hombert Bianchi. La selezione è a cura di Serena Valeri.

Il titolo del programma riprende le parole contenute nella canzone La guerra di Piero di Fabrizio De André, brano che è utilizzato anche come sigla.

Trasmissioni riproposte (parziale)
Queste sono alcune delle trasmissioni riproposte tratte dalle Rai Teche:

 1958 - Cinquant'anni 1898-1948, di Silvio Negro (10 puntate). - Ricostruzione della storia d'Italia attraverso i filmati dell'Istituto Luce.
 1963 - Cronache del XX secolo, di Andrea Barbato.
 1967 - 1943 - 1967: memorie del nostro tempo, di Hombert Bianchi
 1969 - L'Europa verso la catastrofe, di Hombert Bianchi.
 1973 - Facce dell'Asia che cambia, di Carlo Lizzani e Furio Colombo (6 puntate).
 1977 - Italia Anni '30, di S. Valentini e L. Basso.
 1978 - Argomenti-RSI. La repubblica di Mussolini, di Andrea Barbato.
 1983 - Italia in guerra, di Massimo Sani.
 1983 - Questo Secolo: 1943 e dintorni, di Enzo Biagi (10 puntate). - Il periodo della seconda guerra mondiale.
 1994 - Le grandi battaglie, di Gianni Bisiach.
 1997 - Gli archivi del Cremlino, di Arrigo Levi (10 puntate) - La storia russa ripercorsa attraverso materiale inedito proveniente dagli archivi russi.
 1999 - C'era una volta la Russia, di Enrico Pistolese e Raffaele Uboldi.
 2002 - Storia del capitalismo italiano, di Valerio Castronovo.

Queste sono alcune delle più recenti produzioni internazionali:

 2009 - War games and the man who stopped them, di Dariusz Jablonski

Collegamenti esterni

Programmi televisivi degli anni 2010
Rai Educational


Hornby Dublo was produced between 1938 - 1964.
Locomotives had cast metal bodies rather than pressed metal. Both clockwork and electric sets were produced although clockwork production stopped in 1945.
During the late 1950s, Hornby Dublo changed from a three-rail system to two-rail track in 1959.
Hornby Dublo stopped production in 1964 to which some of the tooling was purchased by Wrenn.
These items in this category are not designed to run on modern track systems or digital, if unsure please ring or email for advise.


JV / JR High Championships!
This Saturday, February 9th is the Section 7 JV / JR High Championships. The event will be held at Spirit Mountain Ski Area at their upper Nordic ski area. Start time may be adjusted based on weather but tentatively will be at 11 am. Park in the upper parking lots and get shuttled to the Nordic area if you are coming to cheer the kids on. GO WOLVES!!!


It's been less than 24 hours since last night's reunion, and my mind's still spinning over the whole experience. To see the people we grew up with, in some cases since elementary school, together in a room after a ten year absence . . . all I can say is wow, unbelievable. I literally felt like I traveled back in time.
A huge THANK YOU to everybody who came; whether you showed up early for dinner or in the wee hours of the night, it was really you guys who made this reunion special.
More post-reunion wrap-ups to come. In the meantime, post your experience at the reunion, whether it was awesome or awkward, let's hear about it. Also I'd love to hear a reportback on the after-party at Gallagher's. Thanks again!
Welcome to our new blog for our ten year reunion, which is taking place Saturday, August 18, 2007 at the Radisson Hotel in Dublin, California! We are temporarily switching from our previous home page to make it easier for people to post comments without logging in.
–> You can still access our Official DHS Class of 97 website here.
–> Need to reserve tickets? It's kind of late, but we'll take your money at our PayPal link here.
This is an open thread for the Dublin High School Class of 1997 Ten Year Reunion, which is happening today! Everybody is welcome to post comments and messages for the class, whether you are attending the reunion or not. If you are unable to attend the reunion, join us online!
Hey Class of '97, welcome to our new blog for our ten year reunion, which is taking place Saturday, August 18 at 6pm at the Radisson Hotel in Dublin. (that's tomorrow!) We are temporarily switching from our previous home page to make it easier for people to post comments without logging in.
–> Need to reserve tickets? Use our PayPal link here.
Now for the frivolous topic at hand, a couple of people have asked, "What should we wear to the reunion?" On our invitations, we said that the dress code was "casual to semi-formal", which admittedly was not very specific.
Whether you're attending the reunion or not, comment on this important topic. What DO you think we should wear to the reunion?
I'd like to wish everybody in the Class of '97 a very Happy Holidays and New Year! Or as the local radio commercial puts it, a very Merry ChristmasDiwaliKwanzaaHannukahLasPosadasWinterSolstice (or something like that).
Just curious about what folks are planning to do this winter. I'll be in the Bay Area shuttling between my fiancé's house So. SF and my lovely home here in Dub-town. For you out-of-towners, do you still have family in Dublin whom you plan to visit?
Wherever you are, have a lovely time and I hope to see you next year!
In the interest of promoting idle chatter on the DHS site, Thinking about this reunion has conjured up some anxious thoughts in me. I keep imagining that something similar to what happens in the movies will happen at the reunion.
Does anyone have any movie comparisons they would like to make? Who is most likely to arrive at the reunion in a helicopter? Have any of you made money in plastics? Which one of you has experienced a My Fair Lady-like makeover?
We just added a new Class Survey link in the main menu on the left. Help us plan the reunion by taking the Class Survey!
If you haven't already, register on this site to receive reunion updates, and invite your classmates to join the website. Also, join the reunion planning committee by contacting us. See you at the reunion!
We need your help to plan the reunion!
Take our class survey and let your opinions be heard!
This survey is 35 questions long and should take about 5 minutes to complete.
We would like to have your survey responses back before December 31, 2006, that way we can use your responses to start nailing down the event details next year.
Click here to take the online survey!
Thank you for taking our survey! Your answers will help us plan a better reunion!
Invite your friends and fellow classmates to take the survey by clicking here.
If you haven't already, register on this website for reunion updates!
This is a list of classmates we either haven't found or who have not yet registered on this site. If you know how to contact one of the people on this list, by all means invite them to join this site. And if one of them is you, what are you waiting for, sign up already!
These names are compiled from the official school roster. If you think somebody was left off, it was not intentional, just let us know.


text:
namespace content {

// This class provides various utility functions to check if a render frame
// has permission to access media devices. Note that none of the methods
// prompts the user to request permission.
class CONTENT_EXPORT MediaDevicesPermissionChecker {
 public:
  MediaDevicesPermissionChecker();
  // This constructor creates a MediaDevicesPermissionChecker that replies
  // |override_value| to all permission requests. Use only for testing.
  explicit MediaDevicesPermissionChecker(bool override_value);

  // Checks if the origin associated to a render frame identified by
  // |render_process_id| and |render_frame_id| is allowed to access the media
  // device type |device_type|.
  // This method must be called on the UI thread.
  bool CheckPermissionOnUIThread(blink::MediaDeviceType device_type,
                                 int render_process_id,
                                 int render_frame_id) const;

  // Checks if the origin associated to a render frame identified by
  // |render_process_id| and |render_frame_id| is allowed to access the media
  // device type |device_type|. The result is passed to |callback|.
  // This method can be called on any thread. |callback| is fired on the same
  // thread this method is called on.
  void CheckPermission(blink::MediaDeviceType device_type,
                       int render_process_id,
                       int render_frame_id,
                       base::OnceCallback<void(bool)> callback) const;

  // Checks if the origin associated to a render frame identified by
  // |render_process_id| and |render_frame_id| is allowed to access the media
  // device types marked with a value of true in |requested_device_types|. The
  // result is passed to |callback|. The result is indexed by
  // blink::MediaDeviceType. Entries in the result with a value of true for
  // requested device types indicate that the frame has permission to access
  // devices of the corresponding types. This method can be called on any
  // thread. |callback| is fired on the same thread this method is called on.
  void CheckPermissions(
      MediaDevicesManager::BoolDeviceTypes requested_device_types,
      int render_process_id,
      int render_frame_id,
      base::OnceCallback<void(const MediaDevicesManager::BoolDeviceTypes&)>
          callback) const;

 private:
  const bool use_override_;
  const bool override_value_;

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(MediaDevicesPermissionChecker);
};

}  // namespace content

#endif  // CONTENT_BROWSER_MEDIA_MEDIA_DEVICES_PERMISSION_CHECKER_H_


Regardless of their life circumstances, AVID students overcome obstacles and achieve success. They can think critically, collaborate, and set high expectations to confidently conquer the challenges that await them.
This school year we are celebrating the grand opening of our new multipurpose room, locker rooms and kitchen. Stay tuned for ribbon cutting festivities! Thank you Measure A!