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How do leopards kill animals larger than they are?
by Cristen Conger
Leopard Predation
Leopards may drag their prey 50 feet (15 meters) up a tree to protect it from large scavengers like lions.
Anup Shah/Getty Images
Think about the last time you dangled a toy in front of your house cat. You can easily goad one into "hunting" a piece of string and witness its stalk-and-pounce maneuvers. Once the feline spots the moving string, it immediately crouches down toward the floor, eager to catch its newfound prey. If the string is too far away for the cat to catch, it may slowly creep toward it and resume its crouch. Then, in a burst of energy, it will spring onto the end of the string and claw it into submission.
While a cheetah will chase down its dinner, leopard predation involves a similar stalk-and-pounce pattern as the house cat uses, taking its prey by surprise. This sneak-attack style allows a leopard to strike large prey, such as giraffes, antelope and apes. Its offensive arsenal begins with its coat. Not only is the leopard's pattern of black rosettes super fashionable, the spots conceal the big cat's whereabouts against the landscape, similar to how zebra stripes work.
Like their domesticated relatives, leopards are also nimble climbers. Their proportionally large paws and claws provide them with the best climbing tools among the big cats. As nocturnal animals, many leopards prefer arboreal hangouts during the day, lounging on a shady branch when the sun's up. These elevated resting spots serve as safe havens and lookout posts for prey.
Because they mostly hunt after dark, leopards rely heavily on their keen nocturnal eyesight and hearing. To locate prey in the dark, leopards have circular pupils that dilate more than the human eye can [source: NOVA]. Their eyes also contain a specialized membrane called the tapetum that reflects the light that passes through the retina twice, giving the eye an additional chance to focus the limited light entering [source: NOVA]. Leopards hear five times better than the average human. Their concave ears capture more sound waves and their inner ears are sensitive to vibrations two octaves above what our auditory systems can detect.
To get an idea of a leopard's strength, consider these stats. When pressed, leopards can run up to 36 mph (58 kph), leap 20 feet (6 meters) in one bound and jump 10 feet (3 meters) off the ground [source: San Diego Zoo]. Researchers have witnessed these camouflaged leopards edge toward their prey with a slow, deliberate gait, approaching as close as 13 feet (4 meters) without detection [source: Sunquist and Sunquist].
Once in position, the leopard leaps at its prey with claws outstretched. When assaulting a larger animal, the big cat will bite the throat to suffocate the prey [source: Kruger National Park]. After a successful hunt, a leopard may haul its victim up a tree branch 50 feet (15 meters) above the ground to keep it safe against scavengers such as lions, cheetahs and hyenas [source: San Diego Zoo]. As an example of their incredible strength, it's been reported that leopards can use their jaws and necks to pull giraffe carcasses weighing an estimated 275 pounds (125 kilograms) up trees [source: Skinner et al]. Most of the time, however, the spotted cat sticks to smaller targets such as gazelles, foxes and jackals [source: Sunquist and Sunquist].
With eyes, ears, coat and muscles all adapted for hunting in the wild, it's surprising to learn that leopards don't have a highly successful kill rate. Observational evidence indicates that daytime hunting is rarely effective, and they slay medium-size animals less than 25 percent of the time [source: Sunquist and Sunquist].
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AnimalPlanet.com
San Diego Zoo -- Leopards
NOVA -- Leopards of the Night
African Wildlife Foundation -- Leopard
Bies, L. "Panthera pardus." Animal Diversity Web. 2002. (Aug. 19, 2008)http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Panthera_pardus.html
Bright, Michael. "Man-Eaters." Macmillan. 2002. (Aug. 19, 2008)http://books.google.com/books?id=4M9as1htJEkC
"Leopard." African Wildlife Foundation. (Aug. 19, 2008)http://www.awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/leopard
"Leopard." Kruger National Park. (Aug. 19, 2008)http://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_leopard.html
"Leopards caught in fearful Bombay." BBC. June 29, 2004. (Aug. 18, 2008)http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3849131.stm
"Mammals: Leopard." San Diego Zoo. (Aug. 19, 2008)http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/t-leopard.html
Schutze, Heike. "Field Guide -- Kruger National Park: Mammals." Struik. April 30, 2002. (Aug. 19, 2008)http://books.google.com/books?id=uA3KTUA8kO8C
Skinner, J.D.; Smithers, R.H.N.; and Chimimba, Christian T. "The Mammals of the South African Sub-region. Cambridge University Press. 2005. (Aug. 18, 2008)http://books.google.com/books?id=I6RhVKyFfjkC
Sunquist, Melvin E. and Sunquist, Fiona. "Wild Cats of the World." University of Chicago Press. 2002. (Aug. 19, 2008)http://books.google.com/books?id=hFbJWMh9-OAC
Cheetahs: The Big Cats That Can Totally Pass You on the Interstate
Lions, Tigers and … Ligers? Oh My!
Lions: 5 Roaring Facts About the King of the Beasts


Old Man And The Sea Online Book PDF. Seefahrer Roman Monarchy And The Renaissance Prince High Enthalpy Gas Dynamics Working With The Mental Health Act (3rd Edition) One Hundred... 9. What kind of fish does Santiago first catch? a) A tuna b) A marlin c) A shrimp d) A Portuguese man-of-war e) 10. How does the old man know immediately the size of the great marlin he has caught?
[PDF]Free The Old Man And The Sea download Book The Old Man And The Sea.pdf The Old Man and the Sea - Wikipedia Thu, 06 Dec 2018 15:26:00 GMT The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel written by the American author Ernest Hemingway in 1951 in Cuba, and published in... The 1990 version of The Old Man and the Sea is a movie you shouldn't see if you didn't read the book. I watched this movie in my high school English class, and I actually found the book pretty good.
Télécharger My Old Man And The Sea PDF. My Old Man And The Sea est le meilleur livre et recommandé de lire. Inscrivez-vous maintenant pour accéder à des milliers de livres disponibles en téléchargement gratuit.


357-22-010 Must an employer maintain a personnel file for each employee?
357-22-015 Must an employer develop and publish a policy on personnel files?
357-22-020 Can an employee review his/her personnel file?
357-22-025 What information must be sent from one employer to another when an employee changes employers within state government?
357-22-030 Who is responsible for the management of official personnel files?
357-22-035 Must the employee be given a copy of information placed in the personnel file?
357-22-040 How long must information be kept in the employee's personnel file?
357-22-045 When may an employee add information in his/her personnel file?
Must an employer maintain a personnel file for each employee?
An employer must maintain an official file of each employee showing a record of employment and such other information as may be required for business and legal purposes. The employer has the burden of demonstrating the legal or business need for the record.
Must an employer develop and publish a policy on personnel files?
Each employer must develop and publish a policy pertaining to the retention and confidentiality of personnel records in accordance with chapter 357-22 WAC and all relevant state and federal laws. The employer's policy must include the requirement that personnel and payroll records are open to the inspection of the board, state auditor, the director or director's designee, and prospective employers.
Can an employee review his/her personnel file?
An employee and/or any person authorized in writing by the employee may review the employee's personnel file at least annually according to the policy of the employer.
What information must be sent from one employer to another when an employee changes employers within state government?
When an employee accepts an appointment with a different employer, the most recent former employer must provide employee information to the new employer in a transmittal package specified by the director's office.
Who is responsible for the management of official personnel files?
Each employer must designate the position(s) within the employer's organization responsible for managing and maintaining the official personnel files.
Must the employee be given a copy of information placed in the personnel file?
An employee must be provided a copy of all adverse material placed in the personnel file at the time the material is included in the file. Upon the employee's request, the employee must be provided with a copy of any information in the employee's personnel file. Copies will be provided in accordance with the employer's personnel records policy as required by WAC 357-22-015.
How long must information be kept in the employee's personnel file?
(b) The employer's efficient and effective management of the agency, institution, or related higher education board.
(b) The information is related to pending legal action or legal action(s) may reasonably be expected to result.
When may an employee add information in his/her personnel file?
After an employee becomes aware that adverse information has been placed in his/her personnel file, he/she has the right to add a statement of rebuttal or correction of such information. At anytime, an employee has the right to add job performance information to his/her personnel file.


I'm obsessed with Mexican food, but particularly tacos. The wonderful smell of corn tortillas fried just to a slight crisp, filled with juicy delicious seasoned meat, topped with shredded cheese, guacamole and shredded lettuce, it has to be one of the greatest foods ever created. I've come to realize, the tacos I grew up with aren't really the most authentic Mexican recipe, but I think the nostalgia of them from growing up, makes the flavor better than anything else.
So, you can imagine how I felt when I started on the Paleo or Caveman Diet and had to cut all grains and dairy out of my diet. What? Corn is a grain? Crap! You're right. What was I going to do? No corn, no cheese, no real taco.
Then I remember another recipe I have on my site for Thai Lettuce Wraps from the Cheesecake Factory and thought "I wonder if I could make the same thing but with taco fillings instead of Thai chicken?" I tried a few different types of lettuce before I found the magic solution, hearts of romaine lettuce. They're perfect little boats for filling up with goodness and they wrap up perfectly.
This has now become a meal we enjoy at least once per week. It's really simple and the craving for tacos has almost completely gone away. In fact, tacos used to be my "cheat meal" whenever I reached a fitness goal, but now I'm making these things up and don't miss the corn tortillas nearly as much as I thought.
In addition to leaving out the corn tortilla, I've also skipped the cheese and sour cream, which you may use if you don't have a dairy intolerance like me.
Ground beef taco meets Asian lettuce wrap. Hearts of Romaine lettuce filled with seasoned beef, pico de gallo, guacamole and hot sauce. It's the perfect paleo replacement for tacos.
Turn down to medium low and simmer until most of the water is gone (don't dry out the meat completely).
While the meat is simmer dice the onion and tomato and mix.
Remove as many of the cilantro stems as possible and chop.
Mix in with the onions and tomatoes and store in the refrigerator until ready to serve (it keeps for a couple of days).
Mash with a fork until nearly smooth (some like it to still have chunks of avocado).
Separate and wash the hearts of romaine lettuce leaves.
Trim the ends with the thick stalk, just enough to clean them up.
Chef, love the recipe. The only thing I see missing, which is optional, 1 or 2 diced and seeded jalapeno's in your Pico de Gallo can add a lot of zing. Thank you for sharing!


Formed in 1990, Jodeci soon had a string of hit singles and gold albums on their hands, along with a reputation as the "bad boys of R&B." The musical repertoire of the quartet (composed of brothers Donald and Dalvin DeGrate plus siblings Cedric and Joel Hailey) also extends to soul and new jack swing. Among the tracks included are "Gotta Love," "Come and Talk to Me," "I'm Still Waiting" and "Forever My Lady."


I've recently been doing a lot of work with deployment and management of Polycom VVX phones on Lync. Like always, I've found that when rolling out hundreds of any device, there are certain challenges that arise. One of the main challenges is: how do you centrally administer hundreds of devices that are distributed around a large geography, remotely? The short answer to this usually turns out to be: with great difficulty!
So you probably get the picture. There's a tonne of questions that need to be answered, and the last thing you want to do to answer them is ring the user on their mobile (because their desk phone is "broken") and ask them if they see a little green tick or a little red cross next to the phone icon on the upper left hand side of the screen… followed by a thousand other questions about the smouldering piece of burnt up plastic on their desk.
In the 1.00 release there can be cases where there is a VVX registered to the system but the tool reports them as having NO VVX in the ListView. This issue is a caused by the database entry for SipCallId containing junk information instead of the devices IP address. The processing has been changed in 1.01 so now when a VVX is registered it will always show up as YES in the listView. If there was no IP address in the database for the device then the IP will show as "IP NOT IN LYNC DATABASE" within the tool. A work around for this is to manually reboot the VVX, when it re-registers to the system the database field usually gets updated to contain the IP address again.
Text layout within the information text box has been changed to make it easier to read.
Added port variable for connecting to VVX via web browser when non standard port is used in the VVX configuration. Edit the $script:WebPort = "80" to whatever port your VVXs are using.
Support added for secondary device discovery method. In previous versions the phone manager would discover the IP address of VVX phones from the Lync Server database. However, sometimes the Lync database did not have the data in it for every registered phone. So in version 1.02 a secondary "IP Range discovery" method has been added to discover phones on LAN segments. Simply type an IP Range (format: "192.168.0.1-192.168.0.20" OR "192.168.0.0/24" OR add multiple with comma separation "192.168.0.0/24,192.168.1.0/24") into the listbox and press the "Discover from IP Range" button. The tool will then "ping" the phones to see if they are at each IP in the range. This method is slower than the Lync database discovery (it can scan a 254 host range in ~60 seconds or less. Note: scanning directly connected subnets is slow because of ARP wait time), so you should only use it if you reciving "IP NOT IN LYNC DATABASE" for the IP Address of users with the default Lync Database discovery method.
Added a new variable for https connections to the VVX web interface (as this will be the default in VVX 5.1 for the web interface when enabled). Change the variable $script:useHTTPS to be $true if you would like all web interface connections to use https instead of http. This will also require that you change the $script:WebPort variable to be "443" as well (or whatever port you set in the configuration file for https).
Export VVX phone deployment information. This outputs a CSV file that contains all the Users, IPs, Firmware Version, Serial Numbers, Lync Server, and MAC Address (if available) for all logged in phones. If you select the "More" checkbox you will also get the additional Lync settings for the phone (this is slower).
Added the ability to send text messages to Polycom VVX phones. An example of this would be to send a message to warn before a system upgrade or a reboot. Messages are displayed on the screen for 30 seconds.
apps.push.messageType: This sets the level of messages that will be displayed for the phone. The VVX Manager always sets the messages as "critical" so they will always be received. The setting "5" means that all levels of messages will be displayed by the phone.
apps.push.username: The phones use digest authentication for push connections. The username sent by the tool by default is "vvxmanager".
apps.push.password: The phones use digest authentication for push connections. The password sent by the tool by default is "vvxmanager".
apps.push.alertSound: Play a sound when the message is displayed. This is the standard Polycom sound that you heard when a phone reboots. This can help the user to see the message, as it will only be displayed for 30 seconds.
#Edit these settings if you would like to you customer username and password for messaging.
(Request) Added ability to filter users list to only show users with VVX phones.
Added the ability to import previously exported CSV files containing user/device information. This can save time scanning IP ranges for devices by only checking (ie. pinging each device to check who is logged in) the IP addresses from the CSV file. If you have a "known good" export (eg. an export that you may have been taken minutes earlier) you can directly import the settings without rescanning each device for changes. Importing without rescan can be a little risky if you're working with an older export, due to IP addresses and user logins of each VVX's possibly changing over time. So it is recommended that you use the rescan option to refresh all the user data within the VVX Phone Manager Tool's database.
If a VVX handset that is signed out is discovered, it will be added to the user list under the name "VVXNot@LoggedIn_<index number>". This allows you to use the tool to access these devices even though they are not logged into Lync. This method only works with the IP Scanning method of discovery, it does not work when discovering from the Lync database.
Corrected an issue with the display of users that are logged into multiple phones. The tool will display multiple entries in the user list when user are logged into more than one phone.
The tool in previous versions would automatically load the user list and try to discover user information from the Lync database. This could waste time when first opening the tool for users that only wanted to use the IP Discovery method. To save time in these circumstances, from version 1.05, the tool will not automatically try to connect to the Lync server database when first opens. On first boot you can update the user list by clicking the "Discover From Lync Database" or enter an IP range and click the "Discover From IP Range(s)" button.
Added information in this post about using the VVX Phone Manager Tool with Version 5.1 VVX firmware. Read this section before updating your production firmware!
Read this section before updating your production firmware!
Version 5.1 of Polycom VVX firmware has some increased security enhancements. This will affect your ability to connect to the web interface of VVX devices when you are running them in an out-of-the-box configuration. However, you can still have access to the web interface of the VVX phones by editing some configuration settings on the devices (usually done via a configuration FTP server).
Note: If you would like to make the Web Admin harder for people to find you can change the port number to something different from the default 80 or 443 settings. Then in the VVX Phone manager you can change the $script:WebPort variable to whatever value you have chosen. If you want to use HTTPS from the tool, set the $script:useHTTPS setting to $true.
Note: Make these passwords whatever you want them to be, however, they must be different than the default of 456 in order to avoid the warning message being displayed on the phone screen.
After you have changed these settings the web login and phone screen login passwords will be changed. So if your support staff have been trained to enter the default "456" password, don't forget to tell them that it's changed.
1. Find out information about VVX handsets connected to a Lync system (IP Address, the Lync server that the handset is registered to, user policies, PIN status).
2. Remotely reboot VVX handsets using the 'Reboot' button. Reboot a selection of handsets by selecting (hold shift/ctrl) multiple users in the list, then press the 'Reboot' button. Or reboot all the VVX handsets on a Lync system with the "Reboot All" button.
3.Set the PIN for a user - either a random PIN (if the PIN field is left blank), or specify a PIN number by filling in the field. This can also be done on multiple selected users.
4. Lock and unlock the PIN for a selected user with the 'Lock PIN' and 'Unlock PIN' buttons. This can also be done on multiple selected users.
5. Test your FTP Configuration server by simply entering the IP address of the FTP server and pressing the "Test FTP" button. The tool will attempt to connect to the FTP server and download information about key files associated with a Polycom configuration server deployment. These include the base configuration file (000000000000.cfg), configuration files in the CONFIG_FILES tag, any MAC address files associated directly with phones, and firmware files (*.sip.ld). The tool will give feedback as to the state of the FTP server.
This is awesome, but in some ways not a perfect test. It will depend on how you have set up your DHCP architecture throughout your sites as to the result of this process. You may either be using your Lync Server's inbuilt DHCP server to respond to these INFORM messages, or you might be using a real DHCP server on your phone subnet to respond to these messages.
If you always receive the error "Did not receive any response for the DHCP discovery message." when testing the PIN number, then it's likely that there's no DHCP server capable of responding to INFORM messages in the subnet that your Lync server is on. To get around this you can enable a special DCHP INFORM message responder in the Lync server.
Note: This setting only answers DHCP inform requests with Vendor Class "MS-UC-Client", and not basic Discover messages used for IP address configuration.
If this setting is set to True, the Lync server will respond to INFORM requests it sees broadcast on the subnet. So if you don't have a DHCP server on you Lync server subnet (which you may not if your servers are deployed in a data centre) you may have to substitute for this by turning on the DHCP server in the Lync server.
If you do choose to implement this work-around, be sure to understand that the environment the Lync server is in may not be the same as the one the phone is deployed in. You will need to ensure that the phone is getting the correct information for its DHCP INFORM requests as well. So be sure to check your DHCP configuration for the subnets that the phones are deployed on (ie. 001 – UCIdentifier, 002 – URLSchme, 003 - WeServerFqdn, 004 - WebServerPort, 005 - CertProvRelPath, 120 - UCSipServer). If you want to know more about the DHCP options required for Lync phones, have a read of the in-depth Understanding DHCP Option 43 article by Jeff Schertz.
7. Easily connect to the VVX web interface of any user on the system by clicking the "Web Config" Button.
As you can see in the picture above, there is some very useful information held in the Lync Status page. So if you're having some issues with a phone, just find the user in the Lync Polycom VVX Manager Tool and click the "Web Config" button. This will connect you directly to the user's VVX web interface. You can also configure logging on the phone from the web configuration page, and view/download the logs directly from the browser as well.
Note: When Polycom phones are put into Lync mode, not all of the features in the web interface are relevant. This is because the web interface still has all the Standard SIP mode features (used for other platforms) still in it. So be careful not to assume that changing random settings will have the desired effect.
Note: If you already have phones deployed, you can add the setting to the configuration file, and press the reboot button on the tool once to make the phones re-download their files (which will also update this setting). From then on you will be able to do full reboots of the phone from the tool.
This will result in the MAC address being included in the device string, eg: "VVX Version: PolycomVVX-VVX_500-UA/5.0.0.6874_0004f28038f9". If you do this, the tool will also check the FTP server for individual MAC address files and tell you which phones have these when the "Test FTP" button is pressed.
Note: See 1.03 release information for Text Messaging requirements.
In order for the Lync VVX Phone Manager to learn about the phones connected to your deployment, it needs access to your RTCLOCAL databases for each Front End server pool. If you only have one Standard Edition server, then you can run the tool directly on this server and it will be able to access the RTCLOCAL database directly. However, if you have multiple pools, the VVX Phone Manager will try and connect to each pool to download all the registered endpoint data for each pool.
In order for the SQL connection to be made, inbound connections to the SQL Browser Service and RTCLOCAL database will need to be allowed through the Windows firewall. These rules are not created automatically during Lync Server Setup like most of the other rules are. So to open the ports, download the script below and run it on all of your front end servers (including SBA and SBS servers).
Run the script included in the VVX Manager Tool zip file (OpenSQLPortsForVVXManager1.00.ps1) on the server you want to open the SQL Browser and RTCLOCAL Dynamic TCP SQL ports on (ie. all Front End servers and SBAs/SBSs). If you would like to know more about how to manually do this configuration, there's more information on my Call Pickup Group Manager Tool post.
Note: This is the same process as is used for the Lync 2013 Call Pickup Group Manager tool. So if you have already opened the ports to run that tool, you don't have to do it again.
Jeff Schertz' post on the different ways to deploy Polycom phones here in his article entitled Provisioning Polycom SIP Phones. Greig Sheridan also has a nice post on Optimising the Polycom VVX for Lync that you might want to check out.
If you would like to know more about what is supported on Lync with VVX phones and setting up a FTP server to support Polycom Configuration files on Lync, go to the Polycom VVX support page and grab a copy of the lovingly entitled: "Deploying Polycom® UC Software for use with Microsoft® Lync™ Server".
An important recommendation that I can give you is to always test your configuration files on a real phone before deploying them into the wild, because very subtle errors can cause things not to work as desired.
As always, feel free to give feedback regarding bugs and issues you find with the tool, I will endeavour to fix any issues that I can reproduce. Other than that, I hope that you get many hours of enjoyment out of this new tool, and that it saves you many additional hours in the process. As Humphrey Bogart says at the end of Casablanca "Louis, I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship." Fade to black. Roll credits.


Navigate: Home → Site index → Florentine → Verrocchio Andrea del [Link Partners] [Help] → Help support the e.Gallery!
Andrea del Verrocchio, also known as Andrea di Michele di Francesco Cioni, (born 1435, Florence [Italy] – died 1488, Venice), was a 15th-century Florentine sculptor and painter and the teacher of Leonardo da Vinci. His equestrian statue of Bartolomeo Colleoni, erected in Venice in 1496, is particularly important.
Verrocchio trained as a goldsmith and went on to work as a sculptor and a painter. There is only one painting which is unanimously attributed to Verrocchio: the 'Baptism of Christ' in the Uffizi, Florence.
The Gallery has three works by Verrocchio and his workshop, one of which, The Virgin and Child with Two Angels, appears to be entirely by his hand. Another later composition on the same theme, was largely executed by Verrocchio but with significant input from an assistant, almost certainly Lorenzo di Credi. A third, Tobias and the Angel, was entirely delegated to another assistant, yet to be firmly identified.
Pietro Perugino and Lorenzo di Credi were his other main pupils and collaborators in the 1470s. These artists both adopted features of Verrocchio's pictorial style as well as learning from one another and Leonardo. Botticelli is also thought to have been active in Verrocchio's workshop for a time in the late 1460s.
From October of 1916 through January of 1917, Rudolf Steiner gave a series of nine lectures known as the Art Course. These lectures were given the title of: The History of Art. Click here to discover what Steiner said about Andrea del Verrocchio in the ninth lecture, or in the entire lecture series.


text:
DuPage County approves 84 houses on Planter's Palette site despite opposition from neighbors
The DuPage County Board has approved a conditional-use permit request from Pulte Homes, which is planning to build a subdivision on the site of the former Planter's Palette garden nursery near West Chicago. Daily Herald file photo
Robert Sanchez
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A developer has received permission from DuPage County to build dozens of age-restricted houses on the site of a former garden nursery near West Chicago, despite opposition from neighbors who say the project would worsen area traffic problems.
County board members voted 10-6 Tuesday to approve Pulte Homes' request for a conditional-use permit to construct an 84-house subdivision called Trillium Farm on most of the land that was part of The Planter's Palette.
"This development is necessary for this county," board member Sam Tornatore said before the vote. "We need a development such as this."
The Planter's Palette closed last fall after nearly 40 years in business.
Pulte plans to buy 35 acres of the roughly 40-acre property south of Roosevelt and Garys Mills roads and east of Purnell Road to build Trillium Farm. Company representatives say the subdivision would provide more housing options for seniors.
"Pulte has always looked at this project as targeting a demographic that is growing and is in need of new housing options in this county," said Russ Whitaker, an attorney for Pulte.
Still, more than 60 neighbors attended the meeting to oppose the project. Traffic was the biggest concern of those who spoke.
Plans call for Trillium Farm to have two proposed entrances on Purnell Road. But neighbors say traffic on Purnell already backs up regularly at Winfield Road and building more houses would compound the problem.
To alleviate the traffic concerns, the county's development committee proposed two conditions.
The first requires Trillium Farm to be an age-restricted community so houses could be sold only to buyers 55 and older. Officials say that would reduce traffic from the subdivision during the morning and evening rush hours.
The other condition calls for traffic calming measures that would include turning restrictions in the morning at Garys Mill and Purnell, and in the evening at Winfield and Purnell; a speed radar monitoring sign; and a warning sign to alert drivers to backups on Purnell.
But John Dusza, Winfield Township's highway commissioner, told the county board the proposed turning restrictions would greatly impede the ability of existing residents to get to and from their houses. He said other suggested traffic calming measures aren't practical.
"Winfield Township does not pay for a dedicated sheriff's deputy to patrol township roads," Dusza said. "There realistically would not be anyone around to enforce the restrictions on a constant basis."
The six county board members who opposed the conditional use are Jim Zay, Grant Eckhoff, Tim Elliott, Robert Larsen, Julie Renehan and Sheila Rutledge. Several of them agreed the traffic problems on Purnell are significant.
"We've had some fairly controversial development issues" in the last nine years, Larsen said. "I have never seen a reaction by the residents like I have seen for this one. They're the people who are going to have to live with the consequences of this."
Rutledge said Pulte should have acquired land to create an entrance at Roosevelt. "It would take care all of the issues that we're talking about," she said.
But board member Jim Healy, who voted for the conditional use, said the land was going to be developed. He said he hopes Pulte addresses the traffic issues.
DuPage County Board

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Germany's lower house of parliament has approved joining the military campaign against Islamic State in Syria.
Germany will send six Tornado reconnaissance jets, a frigate to help protect the French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle, refueling aircraft, and up to 1,200 military personnel to Syria, Reuters reported.
Of the 598 lawmakers who took part in the Friday vote, 445 voted for military action and 146 against. Seven members of parliament abstained.
The decision was put to parliament following an appeal from France which came after the November 13 terror attacks in Paris. Until now, Germany has provided only logistical and technical assistance to the international alliance fighting against IS.
The mission's cost is estimated to reach about US$141.7 million.
Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu said on Friday that the German reconnaissance planes will soon arrive at Turkey's Incirlik air base.
Germany will not join in airstrikes, which are currently being launched by members of the US-led coalition, including Britain, France, and Australia. The UK began its airstrikes on Wednesday, just hours after the move was approved by parliament. The coalition has been conducting strikes against the terrorist group since August 2014.
Russia began its own airstrike campaign against IS at the end of September, just days after a speech by Russian President Vladimir Putin at the UN called for an international anti-terrorist effort in the country.
Syrian President Bashar Assad told Czech television on Wednesday that US airstrikes had not slowed IS, but that Russian bombing was doing so.


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Court sentences Three-Self pastor to 12 years on fabricated fraud charge, gathering crowd
(Nanle County, Henan—July 4, 2014) Zhang Shaojie, the pastor of the Nanle County Christian Church, was sentenced to 12 years in prison and fined 100,000 yuan (US $16,113) at 9:30 a.m., on July 4, Beijing time, by the Nanle County People's Court in China's central Henan province.
"This verdict is totally unacceptable," Bob Fu, China Aid founder and president, said. "The so-called core evidence was collected illegally based on a forced confession. Even the key witness, Ms. Li Cairen, has been held in an unknown black jail.
"This case shows the Chinese government continues to cover up religious persecution with fabricated criminal charges against an innocent church leader," Fu said.
Zhang was detained on Nov. 15, 2013, when he met with Nanle County authorities in the church—a meeting that turned out to be a set-up in order to detain the pastor. Zhang was later charged with gathering a crowd to disrupt public order and fraud, both of which he was convicted. The alleged victim of fraud, Ms. Li Cairen, has been detained in an undisclosed location since Dec. 21, 2013, when police caught her attempting to hide from them at the Zhang household (see http://www.chinaaid.org/2013/11/three-self-sanctioned-church-pastor-and.html, http://www.chinaaid.org/2014/01/exclusive-identity-of-12-detained-nanle.html, and http://www.chinaaid.org/2014/06/3-henan-believers-released-after-almost.html).
Zhang's lawyers explained that when Li's son was killed in a work-related accident in 2010, Zhang helped her negotiate a compensation package with her son's employer. Authorities claim that Zhang then blackmailed Li for part of the payment. However, as the lawyers pointed out, there is no reason for the victim to be held in a black jail. It is this unusual detention that led lawyers to speculate that the testimony against Zhang was coerced (see http://www.chinaaid.org/2014/02/pastors-trial-postponed-story-behind.html and http://www.chinaaid.org/2014/05/henan-pastors-trial-resumes-with-little.html).
Zhang's wife and oldest daughter were allowed in the courtroom during the sentencing trial. Also present was Zhang Xinyun, who previous represented Zhang Shaojie. The Zhang family fired Zhang Xinyun after learning that he worked closely with the government. Authorities arranged for Zhang Xinyun to attend the hearing in order legitimize the sentence.
ChinaAid Contacts


The Banff International Research Station will host the "Combinatorial Design Theory" workshop next week, November 9 - November 14, 2008.
Combinatorial design theory is the study of arranging elements of a finite set into patterns (subsets, arrays) according to specified rules. It is a field of combinatorics with close ties to several other areas of mathematics including group theory, the theory of finite fields, the theory of finite geometries, number theory, combinatorial matrix theory, and graph theory, and with a wide range of applications in areas such as information theory, statistics, computer science, biology, and engineering. Like most areas of combinatorics, design theory has grown up with computer science and it has experienced a tremendous amount of growth in the last 20--25 years. The field has developed subfields and groups depending on the main techniques used: combinatorial, algebraic, and algorithmic/computational. There are also groups primarily involved with applications such as in coding theory, cryptography, and computer science. As design theory has grown, researchers have become increasingly specialized and focused in subfields. In recent years, design theory has also become quite interdisciplinary with researchers found in both mathematics and computer science departments as well as occasionally in engineering or applied mathematics groups and in industrial groups.
opportunity to speak on their work. Discussion sessions have been planned to focus on special areas of interest, open problems, and on very new results.


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Structuring headers
Join James Williamson for an in-depth discussion in this video Structuring headers, part of HTML5: Structure, Syntax, and Semantics.
- In most HTML5 documents that I've seen, authors are putting the branding content, and occasionally the site's navigation, inside of a header element. That's great. I mean, that's what we're doing here on our trails.htm page. In fact, it's exactly what the element was designed for. However, you're not limited to using only one header per page. Often, it's semantically desirable to use a header within other distinct page regions. I wanna explore the proper use of headers and the right way to structure their content.
Before we actually begin structuring our own headers, I wanna go out to the W3C HTML5 specification and take a look at the definition of the header element. Below all of the categories and content models and all that stuff, you can see that we have a little line down here that tells us a little bit more about it. "The header element represents introductory content "for its nearest ancestor," so whoever it's inside of, "sectioning content or sectioning root," so articles, asides, block quotes, anything like that can have a header inside of it.
"A header typically contains a group "of introductory or navigational aids." To me, that's really the important part. Is it introductory content? Or is it navigation? That sort of thing. Those are the two things that really fit within a header. Okay. With that definition in mind, I wanna jump back into my trails.htm page, open from the 02_10 folder. We have our initial header. We created that earlier, when we did our initial page structure. You can see right now, it is encompassing h1, Cycle Tracks, it has a tag line below that, "your complete biking trail source" that hasn't been structured yet, and then the page's navigation. Okay.
Let's turn our attention to the tag line, "your complete biking trail source." Now. Back when the HTML5 specification first came out, we had a tag called "hgroup." What hgroup would allow you to do is, group headings together, because most people would put this tag line, or at least, for a while, would put this tag line in an h2. Cycle Tracks would get the h1, tag line would get the h2. The problem with that, of course, is that it creates a new implicit section in your document.
Most people didn't really want the tag line showing up in a document outline. It didn't really make a whole lot of sense. But they also felt like, you know, it needed some additional meaning to it. So the hgroup tag allowed us to put multiple headings in an hgroup and it would ignore all of them except for the first one, in terms of the document outline. Well, that really didn't get adopted very well by anybody, so they pulled it out of the specification and we're left to structure these tag lines and things like that, and slogans and stuff, in a way that makes the most sense to us semantically.
Now, I really don't want "your complete biking trail source" to show up in my document outline. I don't need a new section of content because it really doesn't rise to that level. Because of that, I'm not gonna structure this in a heading. In fact, I'm gonna go ahead and surround that with a paragraph tag. That really makes the most sense. I can certainly use class attributes or something like that on a paragraph to add a little more semantics to it. But for most of what we need, that is all that we need to do there. Okay. I'm gonna scroll down into our main article, or our main section of content, I should say.
Again, you can see that, each time out, we're adding a little bit more content. That's really to make sure that we're focusing on what we need to look at without being distracted by a lot of extraneous content around it. Okay. Inside the main element, we have an h2 for Trail Reviews. Then we have a link for All Trails and Ojai. This is breadcrumb navigation. Then we have a paragraph that says "Ojai Trails," so just sort of indicating that, hey, this is Ojai Trails. Well, all of this is introductory content that should be grouped together because the article follows after it.
This is all the introductory content for the main content area. With that in mind, I'm gonna highlight all of that and then wrap that in another header. Just gonna take a moment to format that up a little nicer. There we go. And then save that. Now, if I look inside the article itself, we have the title of the article, Northridge Loop, and then we have a posted date, "posted on January 17th, 2014." Again, this to me looks like introductory content.
We have more than one piece of it. We have the title, the h3, and we have a paragraph. Below that, the individual sections of the article commence. So it makes sense to go ahead and highlight this and wrap that in a header, as well. Okay. Now, inside my article, I have a header, which is identifying the title, Northridge Loop, and then also a grouping with it as introductory content, the initial posting date. If I scroll down into the comments section, I can see that, inside the comments section, I have a heading three and then I have this paragraph right here that, again, is just giving me some instructions on what you need to do to leave a comment.
Right there is introductory content to the comments section. Again, makes sense to go ahead and wrap this in a header, as well. Now, I know it looks like we're going through and creating a header on every single section. That's not gonna be necessary, however, but we do wanna be consistent with how we're structuring these headers. For example, if I go down to the individual comment here, this article element that contains that. Inside this article, I had the h4, which is heading, and then, just below that, is the paragraph which is the actual body of the comment.
Really, the only introductory content we have is the heading itself. That really doesn't warrant having to group it inside of a header. It's just a single element. All right. If I continue to scroll down, I can see that I have a section here for Rider Reviews. Again, here, the title of this particular section is Rider Reviews. That doesn't really need a header surrounding it. But if I go to the article just below that, Los Robles Trail, unless we have an author by-line, "by Danny Keys," and then a publish date, "submitted on," to really look at this as one of the clearest instances as to why the header is such a great semantic element.
Think about this for a moment. Where does the content of the article actually begin? Is it "by Danny Keys"? Is it "submitted on 06/26/14"? Absolutely not. The first bit of real content, in terms of the article text, is right there. That means that everything above this is just introductory content. The best way to show that semantically is, of course, wrapping that in a header.
Now, below that, we have an aside that has the Ojai Trail Facts. Again, there's just the heading and then below that, the actual body copy. That really doesn't need a header. But if we go below that, we have another article that has pretty much the same structure as the article above it. I'm gonna do the same thing here. I'll wrap all of that introductory content inside of a header element. Then again, I'll just try to make that look a little nicer. Then I'm gonna save that. I know it seems like we have a lot of headers here.
But really, we're simply following the header strategy for our content based off of the definition for when using them is appropriate. Like most semantic HTML tags, their use is optional. You don't have to do this. However, as you can see here, using them consistently allows you to create more meaningful markup.
Gain a deeper understanding of HTML5, and learn how to create richer, more meaningful webpages with HTML5 structural tags and enhanced semantic markup. In this course, senior author James Williamson presents an overview of HTML5, demystifies the language's new tags and attributes, and discusses how browsers parse and display HTML5 content. He'll help you make sure your pages (including elements like navigation) are properly structured and sectioned, and show how to use HTML5's unique features for representing quotes, figures, and dates and times. You'll also discover how to extend meaning and make content more accessible with comments, meta- and microdata, and ARIA roles—elements which lead to better experiences for website visitors and development colleagues alike.
What are web semantics?
Understanding HTML5 content models
Supporting older browsers
Structuring and defining HTML5 documents
Using headings
Building navigation
Nesting and grouping content
Working with HTML5 lists
Defining link relationships
Writing comments
Working with meta tags
Using microdata
Creating a Responsive HTML Email
with Chris Converse
Learning Web Semantics
with Jen Kramer
HTML Essential Training
with James Williamson
Using the exercise files
1. HTML5 and Semantics
Semantic HTML5
HTML5 content models
2. HTML5 Document Structure
Structuring HTML5 documents
Defining HTML5 documents
Supporting legacy browsers
Organizing content
Creating document sections
Identifying the main content
Using headings properly
Properly nesting structure
Structuring footers
Checking document structure
Sectioning roots
3. Grouping Content with HTML5
Working with figure and figcaption
Grouping content with asides
Using divs in HTML5
Working with lists in HTML5
Emphasizing text correctly
Citing works semantically
Using the address element
Using the small element
Using the mark element
Working with date and time
10m 9s
4. Extending Meaning
Using class and ID attributes
Using ARIA landmark roles
Introducing microformats, microdata, and RDFa
Nesting rich data
Checking page semantics
Developer Web Web Design Web Development Web Foundations HTML
Video: Structuring headers


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Remove mods out one by one to find out which one is causing the issue.


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Next Author: Seth Grahame-Smith
Previous Author: Alena Graedon
Kenneth Grahame was a British writer, most famous for The Wind in the Willows (1908), one of the classics of children's literature. He also wrote The Reluctant Dragon, which was much later adapted into a Disney movie. While still a young man, Grahame began to publish light stories in London periodicals such as the St. James Gazette. Some of these stories were collected and published as Pagan Papers in 1893, and, two years later, The Golden Age. These were followed by Dream Days in 1898, which contains The Reluctant Dragon. There is a ten-year gap between Grahame's previous book and the publication of his triumph, The Wind in the Willows. During this decade Grahame became a father. The wayward headstrong nature he saw in his little son he transformed into the swaggering Mr. Toad, one of its four principal characters. Despite its success, he never attempted a sequel. Others, years after his death, have done that for him. The book was a hit and is still enjoyed by adults and children today, whether in book form or in the films.
The Wind in the Willows: A great read for children and adults
The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame
The Wind in the Willows is a set of anthropomorphic stories that English author Kenneth Grahame wrote for his young son and published in 1908. The story begins when Mole, who lives in a hole in the English countryside, decides one fine day to come out of his underground lair to see a bit of the world. He's amazed by all that he sees and soon he encounters and befriends a water rat who invites him to a picnic, takes him for a ride on the river, and teaches him to row a boat. Mole spends time living with Ratty and exploring the river and the two become great friends. Ratty introduces Mole to some of his other animal friends including the amiable introverted Badger and the rich eccentric Mr. Toad. The animals have various little outings and adventures, many that are sweet, some that are amusing, and a few that are a little violent (though no more violent than the average children's fairyt... Read More
January 30th, 2013. Kat Hooper´s rating: 4 | Kenneth Grahame | Audio, Children, Stand-Alone | SFF Reviews | no comments


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Saying 'Bless You' Is Now Allowed By College Professor After Public Outcry For Penalizing The Phrase
Terri LaPoint
Was it simply a poor choice, or an attack on religious liberty and freedom of speech? Either way, a college professor's rule forbidding the expression, "Bless you," after a sneeze became the talk of the town ever since the offending syllabus was delivered in class Wednesday. That rule has now been retracted, after a public outcry.
In his syllabus for his Introductory Physics class at the College of Coastal Georgia, Dr. Leon Gardner informed students that certain behaviors are considered disruptive and will be penalized, up to 15% of the final grade, according to Campus Reform. In Gardner's hierarchy of disruptiveness, saying "Bless you" after a classmate sneezes is deemed "especially rude," more so than than use of cell phones or talking with other students in conversations unrelated to class material.
Discussing tonight's game or last night's frat party may be considered disruptive, but is somehow not as rude as saying "Bless you." The syllabus lists six specific behaviors that the professor will not tolerate, and which will result in a reduction in the student's grade. "Numbers 3, 5, and 6 are especially rude, and may result in an immediate 1% grade deduction for each occurrence," according to Dr. Gardner.
Rule #6 prohibits:
"Saying 'bless you.' We are taught that it is polite to say 'bless you' when someone sneezes. However, if you say this while I am talking, it is NOT polite, it is very rude!"
Less offensive is Rule #1, which refers to "Talking with classmates unrelated to class participation." The second rule refers to being late for class, while the fourth rule prohibits the use of cell phones or other electronics in class. Responding with a quiet "Bless you" is considered more disruptive than any of these.
After the story of Dr. Gardner's anti-bless you rule went viral, a number of people made phone calls to the college, reports Inside Higher Ed. Many accused the Georgia college of bias against religion, but a college spokesperson argued that the professor's point was the disruption the expression caused, not the religious connotation in "Bless you."
That explanation may ring hollow to some, considering the fact that unrelated conversation and cell phone usage are not deemed as disruptive. Earlier this month, The Inquisitr reported that a high school student in Tennessee was suspended for "godly speaking" after telling a classmate "Bless you" following a sneeze.
While some of the outcry from the public has been focused on the religious aspect of the expression, it must be acknowledged that both the high school in Tennessee and the college in Georgia are located in the deep South, a region that is considered "the Bible belt." Not only is saying "Bless you" or even "God bless you" seen as the proper Christian response, it is also ingrained into the culture of the South as a whole.
For students who have grown up in that part of the country, responding with a "Bless you" after a sneeze is as normal and customary as saying "Excuse me" after bumping into someone or belching. Not to do so is considered extremely rude. For most native Southerners, it is an automatic response, done without thinking. It takes serious thought and retraining to refrain from doing so.
If, as some have argued, a number of students intentionally disrupt class with a series of "Bless you"s from all over the classroom, over more than a few seconds, the teacher may be within his rights to put a stop to the behavior. At that point, it truly has become an issue. The problem, then, is not that a couple of students politely said, "Bless you," but it is the continuous repetition of the phrase by a number of students. Any phrase would be disruptive.
When a phrase that is considered to be a religious phrase is singled out for censure, citizens who value freedom of religion are concerned. In the case of the College of Coastal Georgia, the phone calls and negative attention drawn to the college have paid off. The offending rule has been removed, and "the college is conducting a full review." The administrations of both the college and the high school in Tennessee continue to maintain innocence in the matter, saying that the real issue is the disruption, not the phrase, "Bless you" itself. Do you buy that?
[images via Ferenc Gerak/Shutterstock, Inside Higher Ed, and Wise Facts]


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We are developing this area of the website and if you have any suggestions for research we should include please contact us.
The report '€œLIVE MUSIC IN CARE'€ '€" which was published during the week of 12 November 2018 at the National Care Forum and Care England conferences.
Taking part in art classes can improve mental health and enhance social inclusion over a prolonged period, according to a new study published in the International Journal of Mental Health Promotion.
This new guide from the US outlines ways to reconcile the field-specific vocabularies used in the arts and health research; identifies study goals and methods for engaging community members as equal partners in a research project; and highlights the benefits of partnering for arts professionals and researchers.
An article published in 'Arts & Health: An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice' on 10th May 2016 on the development of a national UK research network in arts and health.
One of the main centres of research for arts and health is the University of West of England and we have short summaries of the research available here.


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Spectral characterisation of dairy products using photon time-of-flight spectroscopy
Nielsen, Otto Hojager Attermann; Subash, Arman LU ; Nielsen, Frederik Donbaek; Dahl, Anders Bjorholm; Skytte, Jacob Lercke; Andersson-Engels, Stefan LU and Khoptyar, Dmitry LU (2013) In Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 21(5). p.375-383
In this paper, we present, for the first time, the absorption and reduced scattering spectra of commercially available milk and yoghurt products, obtained using photon-time-of-flight spectroscopy. The ability of this technique to separate the contributions from absorption and scattering in the sample provides important information on the chemical composition and micro-structural properties, which are not available with the traditional techniques used in dairy production. The instrument operates in the spectral range from 500 nm to 1030 nm. The reduced scattering coefficient varies from 5 cm(-1) for milk with 0.1% fat in the near infrared range, to 60 cm(-1) for yoghurt with 3.0% fat in the green wavelength regime. The absorption is within... (More)
In this paper, we present, for the first time, the absorption and reduced scattering spectra of commercially available milk and yoghurt products, obtained using photon-time-of-flight spectroscopy. The ability of this technique to separate the contributions from absorption and scattering in the sample provides important information on the chemical composition and micro-structural properties, which are not available with the traditional techniques used in dairy production. The instrument operates in the spectral range from 500 nm to 1030 nm. The reduced scattering coefficient varies from 5 cm(-1) for milk with 0.1% fat in the near infrared range, to 60 cm(-1) for yoghurt with 3.0% fat in the green wavelength regime. The absorption is within the range of 0.05-0.5cm(-1), with only small variation in the absolute value between products. Our results show that the reduced scattering clearly distinguishes milk and yoghurt with the same fat content and can offer a reliable way of monitoring structural formation during milk fermentation. (Less)
Nielsen, Otto Hojager Attermann; Subash, Arman LU ; Nielsen, Frederik Donbaek; Dahl, Anders Bjorholm; Skytte, Jacob Lercke; Andersson-Engels, Stefan LU and Khoptyar, Dmitry LU
Combustion Physics
Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics
optical properties, turbid media, photon-time-of-flight, dairy products, milk, yoghurt, fermentation
IM Publications LLP
10.1255/jnirs.1075
c19f94ff-b033-435b-9a66-e75bab8c67f2 (old id 4275350)
@article{c19f94ff-b033-435b-9a66-e75bab8c67f2,
abstract     = {In this paper, we present, for the first time, the absorption and reduced scattering spectra of commercially available milk and yoghurt products, obtained using photon-time-of-flight spectroscopy. The ability of this technique to separate the contributions from absorption and scattering in the sample provides important information on the chemical composition and micro-structural properties, which are not available with the traditional techniques used in dairy production. The instrument operates in the spectral range from 500 nm to 1030 nm. The reduced scattering coefficient varies from 5 cm(-1) for milk with 0.1% fat in the near infrared range, to 60 cm(-1) for yoghurt with 3.0% fat in the green wavelength regime. The absorption is within the range of 0.05-0.5cm(-1), with only small variation in the absolute value between products. Our results show that the reduced scattering clearly distinguishes milk and yoghurt with the same fat content and can offer a reliable way of monitoring structural formation during milk fermentation.},
author       = {Nielsen, Otto Hojager Attermann and Subash, Arman and Nielsen, Frederik Donbaek and Dahl, Anders Bjorholm and Skytte, Jacob Lercke and Andersson-Engels, Stefan and Khoptyar, Dmitry},
keyword      = {optical properties,turbid media,photon-time-of-flight,dairy products,milk,yoghurt,fermentation},
publisher    = {IM Publications LLP},
series       = {Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy},
title        = {Spectral characterisation of dairy products using photon time-of-flight spectroscopy},
url          = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.1075},


text:
define([
    'knockout',
    'komapping',
    'underscore'
    ], function (ko, komapping, _) {

    function ContentCollection(name, structure, collectionArray, callbackArray) {
        this.structure = structure;
        this.collectionArray = collectionArray;
        this.callbackArray = callbackArray;
        this.name = name;

        this.ref = {};

        var self = this;

        self.fillProperty = function(item, propBlueprint, property, callbackArray) {
            var actual = item[property];

            if (actual !== undefined) {
                return actual;
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            else {
                if (propBlueprint.hasOwnProperty("default")) {
                    return ko.observable(propBlueprint["default"]);
                }
                else if (propBlueprint.hasOwnProperty("callback")) {
                    return ko.observable(callbackArray[propBlueprint["callback"]]())
                }
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        }

        self.newItemForApp = function(callbackArray) {
            var newItem = {};

            //foreach property of the structure
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                //if property is an array
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                    //create our observableArray
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                //if property is not array
                else {
                    //fill the property, with actual, default or callback
                    newItem[propertyName] = self.fillProperty(
                        {},
                        propBlueprint,
                        propertyName,
                        callbackArray
                    );
                }
            });

            return newItem;
        }

        self.prepItemForApp = function(item, structure, callbackArray) {
            var newItem = {};

            //foreach property of the structure
            _.each(structure, function(propBlueprint, propertyName) {

                //if property is an array
                if (propBlueprint.hasOwnProperty("array")) {
                    //create our observableArray
                    newItem[propertyName] = ko.observableArray([]);

                    //foreach element in the data's array
                    for (var i=0; i<item[propertyName]().length; i++) {
                        //prep the sub item with the sub structure
                        newItem[propertyName]()[i] = self.prepItemForApp(
                            item[propertyName]()[i],
                            structure[propertyName].array[0],
                            callbackArray
                        );
                    }
                }
                //if property is not array
                else {
                    //fill the property, with actual, default or callback
                    newItem[propertyName] = self.fillProperty(
                        item,
                        propBlueprint,
                        propertyName,
                        callbackArray
                    );
                }
            });

            return newItem;
        }

        self.getCollection = function() {
            return komapping.toJS(self.collection);
        }

        self.getSavable = function() {
            var collection = self.getCollection();
            var savableCollection = [];

            for (var i=0; i<collection.length; i++) {
                savableCollection.push(self.cleanseProperties(collection[i], self.structure));
            }
            return savableCollection;
        }

        self.cleanseProperties = function(dataObject, structure) {
            var newObj = {};
            _.each(dataObject, function(data, propertyName) {
                if (structure[propertyName].hasOwnProperty('save') && structure[propertyName].save === true) {
                    if (Array.isArray(data)) {
                        newObj[propertyName] = [];
                        for (var i=0; i<data.length; i++) {
                            newObj[propertyName][i] = self.cleanseProperties(data[i], structure[propertyName].array[0]);
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        newObj[propertyName] = data;
                    }
                }
            });

            return newObj;
        }

        //populate stats with UI-specific properties
        var newCollectionArray = ko.observableArray();
        for (var i=0; i<self.collectionArray().length; i++) {
            var newItem = self.collectionArray()[i];
            newCollectionArray.push(self.prepItemForApp(newItem, this.structure, callbackArray));
        }
        self.collection = newCollectionArray;
    }

    return ContentCollection;
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Pulse's CMS premieres on TVJ tonight
Published:Saturday | August 13, 2022 | 12:06 AM
Previous CMS TV winner, Shantae Leslie, walking for Valentino.
Pulse, pioneers of the modern model industry in the Caribbean and home to some of the world's best black talent on the global fashion stage, will premiere its Caribbean Model Search (CMS) TV series tonight on TVJ.
The Model Search, which began as a live show, has produced Vogue cover girls, couture and campaign stars and a prolific line-up of model alumni of the prodigious event which now enjoys huge success and popularity as the CMS reality TV show. The series, filmed in 2021 and titled The Season of Icons, has special significance because of the challenges which the production team had to surmount during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.
While most productions were shut down during the pandemic, the Caribbean's longest running TV event dedicated to the discovery and development of new faces, took on a new character. Customarily featuring 15-20 contestants competing in several challenges for the title, the 2021 edition had to be significantly adjusted to facilitate the COVID-19 realities.
But Pulse Director, Fashion and Lifestyle, Romae Gordon was keen to focus on the opportunities that came from the challenges of producing a TV show in the middle of a pandemic.
"We are a highly creative outfit, this is what makes us – Pulse –strong and resilient. We rise to the occasion and make clutch moves when we are pushed. Viewers will enjoy a very special season of CMS," she noted. Gordon credits a close team of industry professionals who worked diligently to make the show a success. "They all stepped up and made a significant effort to produce a top-quality show of which we can be proud."
HIGHLIGHTING RICH HISTORY
Drawing on the rich and prodigious history of the Model Search, this year's show highlights the Pulse icons who broke new ground and registered significant accomplishments in the international modelling market from Nadine Willis, Jaunel Mc Kenzie, Parisa Fitz Henly, Lois Samuels, Sedene Blake and Jeneil Willis, Alicia Burke, Francine James, as well as recent CMS TV stars Shantae Leslie and Zan Hyde.
Pulse's nine-acre Villa Ronai Eco-Estate was the perfect location for a show which features six outstanding contestants – Alecia Morgan, Sackquanna Scarlett, Sasha Lee Hines, Karla Kay Heron, Brianna Rowland and Ester Moore – who were lucky to make the cut in a year, marked by extensive restrictions. And, despite the smaller number, the show is no less dramatic as in prior years with the girls' competitive edge, colourful and emotional back stories.
The Caribbean Model Search TV is broadcast throughout the region and media partners are keen to maintain their alliance with Pulse as creators of excellent content that celebrate the Caribbean people and culture.
«'More fire' as Capleton, Jahvillani celebrate life
Morgan Heritage embarks on first African tour »


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text:
//
//  HeaderTypeListScrollView.m
//  Pods
//
//  Created by cxk@erongdu.com on 16/10/27.
//
//

#import "HeaderTypeListScrollView.h"
#import <Masonry/Masonry.h>

@implementation NSString (StringSize)

- (CGSize)sizeWithFont:(UIFont*)font maxSize:(CGSize)size
{
    //特殊的格式要求都写在属性字典中
    NSDictionary*attrs =@{NSFontAttributeName:font};
    //返回一个矩形,大小等于文本绘制完占据的宽和高。
    return [self boundingRectWithSize:size options:NSStringDrawingUsesLineFragmentOrigin attributes:attrs context:nil].size;
}

+ (CGSize)sizeWithString:(NSString*)str font:(UIFont*)font maxSize:(CGSize)size{
    NSDictionary*attrs =@{NSFontAttributeName:font};
    return [str boundingRectWithSize:size options:NSStringDrawingUsesLineFragmentOrigin attributes:attrs  context:nil].size;
}
@end

@interface HeaderTypeListScrollView ()

/**
 *  按钮标题数组
 */
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray *buttonTitles;

/**
 *  所以按钮文字宽度总和
 */
@property (nonatomic, assign) CGFloat totalButtonWidth;

/**
 *  放内容
 */
//@property (nonatomic, strong) UIView *contentView;

/**
 *  当前间隙
 */
@property (nonatomic, assign) CGFloat currentSpace;

@property (nonatomic, strong) UIScrollView *scrollView;

/**
 *  选中索引
 */
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger selectIndex;

/**
 *  底部线条
 */
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIView *bottomLine;

/**
 *  选择线条
 */
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIView *selectLint;

@end

@implementation HeaderTypeListScrollView

- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame ButtonTitles:(NSArray *)buttonTitles
{
    self = [super initWithFrame:frame];
    if (self) {
        _scrollView = UIScrollView.new;
        _scrollView.canCancelContentTouches = YES;
        _scrollView.delaysContentTouches = YES;
        _scrollView.showsHorizontalScrollIndicator = NO;
        _bottomLine = [UIView new];
        _bottomLine.backgroundColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];

        _selectLint = [UIView new];
        [self addSubview:_selectLint];
        //添加约束
        [self addSubview:_scrollView];

        [_scrollView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
            make.edges.equalTo(self);
        }];

//        [_scrollView addSubview:_contentView];

//        [_contentView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
//            make.edges.equalTo(_scrollView);
//            make.height.equalTo(_scrollView);
//        }];

        [self addSubview:_bottomLine];

        [_bottomLine mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
            make.left.right.bottom.equalTo(self);
            make.height.equalTo(@0.5);
        }];

        _buttonTitles = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:buttonTitles];
        _buttons = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:0];

        _totalButtonWidth = 0;
        _minSpace = 30;
        _currentSpace = 0;
        _selectIndex = -1;
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)didMoveToSuperview
{
    [self createButtons];
}

- (void)layoutSubviews
{
    [self setNeedsUpdateConstraints];

    // update constraints now so we can animate the change
    [self updateConstraintsIfNeeded];
}

- (void)createButtons
{
    //创建button
    for (NSUInteger i = 0; i<_buttonTitles.count; i++) {
        UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
        [button setTitleColor:_normalColor forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        [button setTitleColor:_selectedColor forState:UIControlStateSelected];
        [button setTitle:_buttonTitles[i] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        button.titleLabel.font = _buttonTitleFont;
        [button addTarget:self action:@selector(selectButton:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
        [_buttons addObject:button];

        _totalButtonWidth = _totalButtonWidth + [_buttonTitles[i] sizeWithFont:_buttonTitleFont maxSize:self.frame.size].width;

        [_scrollView addSubview:button];
    }

        //默认选中第一个
    UIButton *button = _buttons[0];
    button.selected = YES;
    _selectIndex = 0;
}

- (void)setSelectedColor:(UIColor *)selectedColor
{
    _selectedColor = selectedColor;
    _selectLint.backgroundColor = selectedColor;
    for (UIButton *button in _buttons) {
        [button setTitleColor:_selectedColor forState:UIControlStateSelected];
    }
}

- (void)setNormalColor:(UIColor *)normalColor
{
    _normalColor = normalColor;
    for (UIButton *button in _buttons) {
        [button setTitleColor:_normalColor forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    }
}

- (void)setButtonTitleFont:(UIFont *)buttonTitleFont
{
    _buttonTitleFont = buttonTitleFont;
    for (UIButton *button in _buttons) {
        button.titleLabel.font = _buttonTitleFont;
    }
}

- (void)selectButton:(UIButton *)button
{
    if (_selectIndex == -1 ||_selectIndex > _buttons.count) {
        _selectIndex = [_buttons indexOfObject:button];
        button.selected = YES;
    }
    else
    {
        if (_selectIndex < _buttons.count) {
            UIButton *lastButton = [_buttons objectAtIndex:_selectIndex];
            lastButton.selected = NO;

            _selectIndex = [_buttons indexOfObject:button];
            button.selected = YES;
            [self scrollToButton:button];
            //更新约束
            UIButton *button = _buttons[_selectIndex];
            [_selectLint mas_remakeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
                make.bottom.equalTo(button.mas_bottom).offset(-2);
                make.left.equalTo(button.titleLabel.mas_left).offset(-5);
                make.right.equalTo(button.titleLabel.mas_right).offset(5);
                make.height.equalTo(@1);
            }];

            [UIView animateWithDuration:0.4 animations:^{
                [self layoutIfNeeded];
            }];
        }
    }
}

- (void)selectButtonAtIndex:(NSInteger)index
{
    if(index >=0 && index<_buttons.count)
    {
        UIButton *button = _buttons[index];
        [self selectButton:button];
    }
}
//重写父类方法
- (void)updateConstraints
{
    UIButton *lastButton;
    //获取合适间隙
    CGFloat space;
    if ((self.frame.size.width - _totalButtonWidth)/_buttons.count > _minSpace) {
        space = (self.frame.size.width - _totalButtonWidth)/_buttons.count;
    }
    else
    {
        space = _minSpace;
    }

    //间距不改变的情况下
    if (_currentSpace != space) {
        _currentSpace = space;
        //添加约束
        for (UIButton *button in _buttons) {
            [button mas_updateConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
                make.left.equalTo(lastButton?lastButton.mas_right:@0);
                make.top.equalTo(self);
                make.bottom.equalTo(self);
                make.width.equalTo(@(_currentSpace + [button.titleLabel.text sizeWithFont:_buttonTitleFont maxSize:self.frame.size].width));
            }];
            lastButton =  button;
        }
        [_scrollView mas_updateConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
            make.right.equalTo(lastButton);
        }];

        UIButton *button = _buttons[_selectIndex];
        [_selectLint mas_updateConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
            make.bottom.equalTo(button.mas_bottom).offset(-1.5);
            make.left.equalTo(button.titleLabel.mas_left).offset(-5);
            make.right.equalTo(button.titleLabel.mas_right).offset(5);
            make.height.equalTo(@1);
        }];
    }
    [super updateConstraints];
}

- (void)scrollToButton:(UIButton *)button
{
    //当前偏移量
    CGFloat offsetX = _scrollView.contentOffset.x;
    //scrollview的X
    CGFloat scrollCenterX = _scrollView.center.x;
    //scrollview的width
    CGFloat scrollWidth = _scrollView.frame.size.width;
    //ContentSize的With
    CGFloat contentSizeWidth = _scrollView.contentSize.width;
    //button的x
    CGFloat buttonX = button.frame.origin.x;
    //button的centerX
    CGFloat buttonCenterX = button.center.x;
    //需要偏移距离
    CGFloat needOffsetX = buttonCenterX - offsetX - scrollCenterX;
    //右边可移动距离
    CGFloat canOffsetX = contentSizeWidth - offsetX - scrollWidth;

    //往左移
    if (needOffsetX > 0)
    {
        CGFloat moveLength = MIN(ABS(needOffsetX), ABS(canOffsetX));
        [_scrollView setContentOffset:CGPointMake(offsetX + moveLength, 0) animated:YES];
    }
    //往右移
    else
    {
        CGFloat moveLength = MIN(ABS(needOffsetX), ABS(offsetX));
        [_scrollView setContentOffset:CGPointMake(offsetX - moveLength, 0) animated:YES];
    }
}
/*
// Only override drawRect: if you perform custom drawing.
// An empty implementation adversely affects performance during animation.
- (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect {
    // Drawing code
}
*/

@end


text:
Empal gentong is a spicy Indonesian curry-like beef soup originating in Cirebon, West Java. It is a variety of the Soto cuisine and is similar to gulai that is usually cooked with firewood in a gentong stove (Javanese for: clay pot). The ingredients include cuts of beef, and cow offal such as intestine, tripes, lungs, etc. cooked with curry-like spices in coconut milk, garlic, chilies, chives (kuchai) and sambal in the form of chilli powder. Empal gentong can be eaten with steamed rice, ketupat or lontong. Empal gentong originated from Battembat, Tengah Tani, Cirebon Regency.

See also

 Soto
List of Indonesian soups

References

Indonesian cuisine
Cirebonese cuisine
Indonesian soups
Beef dishes
Indonesian beef dishes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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