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Uses of Interface org.hibernate.persister.collection.CollectionPersister (Hibernate JavaDocs)
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Uses of Interface
org.hibernate.persister.collection.CollectionPersister

Packages that use CollectionPersister

org.hibernate.action.internal

org.hibernate.cache.spi.entry

        This package defines formats for disassembled state kept in the second level cache.

org.hibernate.collection.internal

org.hibernate.collection.spi

org.hibernate.ejb.criteria.path

org.hibernate.engine.internal

org.hibernate.engine.loading.internal

org.hibernate.engine.spi

org.hibernate.event.internal

        This package defines a default set of event listeners that
        implements the default behaviors of Hibernate.

org.hibernate.event.spi

org.hibernate.hql.internal.classic

        This package contains the Hibernate 2.x query parser which
        is being end-of-lifed.

org.hibernate.internal

    An internal package containing mostly implementations of central Hibernate APIs.

org.hibernate.loader

        This package defines functionality for processing JDBC
        result sets and returning complex graphs of persistent
        objects.

org.hibernate.loader.collection

        This package defines collection initializers

org.hibernate.loader.custom

        This package defines a framework for custom loaders that accept
        handwritten SQL

org.hibernate.loader.hql

        This package defines a loader for the AST-based query parser

org.hibernate.metamodel.binding

org.hibernate.persister.collection

        This package abstracts the persistence mechanism for collections.

org.hibernate.persister.internal

org.hibernate.persister.spi

org.hibernate.pretty

        Classes for pretty printing things for exception
        and log messages.

org.hibernate.type

        A Hibernate <tt>Type</tt> is a strategy for mapping a
        Java property type to a JDBC type or types.

org.hibernate.usertype

        Interfaces for user-defined custom types.

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.action.internal

Methods in org.hibernate.action.internal that return CollectionPersister

protected  CollectionPersister
CollectionAction.getPersister()

Constructors in org.hibernate.action.internal with parameters of type CollectionPersister

CollectionAction(CollectionPersister persister,
                 PersistentCollection collection,
                 Serializable key,
                 SessionImplementor session)

CollectionRecreateAction(PersistentCollection collection,
                         CollectionPersister persister,
                         Serializable id,
                         SessionImplementor session)

CollectionRemoveAction(Object affectedOwner,
                       CollectionPersister persister,
                       Serializable id,
                       boolean emptySnapshot,
                       SessionImplementor session)

          Removes a persistent collection from a specified owner.

CollectionRemoveAction(PersistentCollection collection,
                       CollectionPersister persister,
                       Serializable id,
                       boolean emptySnapshot,
                       SessionImplementor session)

          Removes a persistent collection from its loaded owner.

CollectionUpdateAction(PersistentCollection collection,
                       CollectionPersister persister,
                       Serializable id,
                       boolean emptySnapshot,
                       SessionImplementor session)

QueuedOperationCollectionAction(PersistentCollection collection,
                                CollectionPersister persister,
                                Serializable id,
                                SessionImplementor session)

          Constructs a CollectionUpdateAction

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.cache.spi.entry

Methods in org.hibernate.cache.spi.entry with parameters of type CollectionPersister

 void
CollectionCacheEntry.assemble(PersistentCollection collection,
         CollectionPersister persister,
         Object owner)

Constructors in org.hibernate.cache.spi.entry with parameters of type CollectionPersister

CollectionCacheEntry(PersistentCollection collection,
                     CollectionPersister persister)

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.collection.internal

Methods in org.hibernate.collection.internal with parameters of type CollectionPersister

 void
PersistentIdentifierBag.afterRowInsert(CollectionPersister persister,
               Object entry,
               int i)

 void
AbstractPersistentCollection.afterRowInsert(CollectionPersister persister,
               Object entry,
               int i)

          Called after inserting a row, to fetch the natively generated id

 void
PersistentIdentifierBag.beforeInitialize(CollectionPersister persister,
                 int anticipatedSize)

 void
PersistentBag.beforeInitialize(CollectionPersister persister,
                 int anticipatedSize)

 void
PersistentElementHolder.beforeInitialize(CollectionPersister persister,
                 int anticipatedSize)

          Deprecated.

 void
PersistentList.beforeInitialize(CollectionPersister persister,
                 int anticipatedSize)

 void
PersistentSet.beforeInitialize(CollectionPersister persister,
                 int anticipatedSize)

 void
PersistentMap.beforeInitialize(CollectionPersister persister,
                 int anticipatedSize)

 void
PersistentIndexedElementHolder.beforeInitialize(CollectionPersister persister,
                 int anticipatedSize)

          Deprecated.

 void
PersistentArrayHolder.beforeInitialize(CollectionPersister persister,
                 int anticipatedSize)

 Serializable
PersistentIdentifierBag.disassemble(CollectionPersister persister)

 Serializable
PersistentMapElementHolder.disassemble(CollectionPersister persister)

          Deprecated.

 Serializable
PersistentBag.disassemble(CollectionPersister persister)

 Serializable
PersistentElementHolder.disassemble(CollectionPersister persister)

          Deprecated.

 Serializable
PersistentList.disassemble(CollectionPersister persister)

 Serializable
PersistentSet.disassemble(CollectionPersister persister)

 Serializable
PersistentMap.disassemble(CollectionPersister persister)

 Serializable
PersistentArrayHolder.disassemble(CollectionPersister persister)

 Serializable
PersistentListElementHolder.disassemble(CollectionPersister persister)

          Deprecated.

 Iterator
PersistentIdentifierBag.entries(CollectionPersister persister)

 Iterator
PersistentBag.entries(CollectionPersister persister)

 Iterator
PersistentElementHolder.entries(CollectionPersister persister)

          Deprecated.

 Iterator
PersistentList.entries(CollectionPersister persister)

 Iterator
PersistentSet.entries(CollectionPersister persister)

 Iterator
PersistentMap.entries(CollectionPersister persister)

 Iterator
PersistentIndexedElementHolder.entries(CollectionPersister persister)

          Deprecated.

 Iterator
PersistentArrayHolder.entries(CollectionPersister persister)

 boolean
PersistentIdentifierBag.equalsSnapshot(CollectionPersister persister)

 boolean
PersistentBag.equalsSnapshot(CollectionPersister persister)

 boolean
PersistentElementHolder.equalsSnapshot(CollectionPersister persister)

          Deprecated.

 boolean
PersistentList.equalsSnapshot(CollectionPersister persister)

 boolean
PersistentSet.equalsSnapshot(CollectionPersister persister)

 boolean
PersistentMap.equalsSnapshot(CollectionPersister persister)

 boolean
PersistentIndexedElementHolder.equalsSnapshot(CollectionPersister persister)

          Deprecated.

 boolean
PersistentArrayHolder.equalsSnapshot(CollectionPersister persister)

 Iterator
PersistentIdentifierBag.getDeletes(CollectionPersister persister,
           boolean indexIsFormula)

 Iterator
PersistentBag.getDeletes(CollectionPersister persister,
           boolean indexIsFormula)

 Iterator
PersistentElementHolder.getDeletes(CollectionPersister persister,
           boolean indexIsFormula)

          Deprecated.

 Iterator
PersistentList.getDeletes(CollectionPersister persister,
           boolean indexIsFormula)

 Iterator
PersistentSet.getDeletes(CollectionPersister persister,
           boolean indexIsFormula)

 Iterator
PersistentMap.getDeletes(CollectionPersister persister,
           boolean indexIsFormula)

 Iterator
PersistentIndexedElementHolder.getDeletes(CollectionPersister persister,
           boolean indexIsFormula)

          Deprecated.

 Iterator
PersistentArrayHolder.getDeletes(CollectionPersister persister,
           boolean indexIsFormula)

 Object
PersistentIdentifierBag.getIndex(Object entry,
         int i,
         CollectionPersister persister)

 Object
PersistentBag.getIndex(Object entry,
         int i,
         CollectionPersister persister)

 Object
PersistentElementHolder.getIndex(Object entry,
         int i,
         CollectionPersister persister)

          Deprecated.

 Object
PersistentList.getIndex(Object entry,
         int i,
         CollectionPersister persister)

 Object
PersistentSet.getIndex(Object entry,
         int i,
         CollectionPersister persister)

 Object
PersistentMap.getIndex(Object entry,
         int i,
         CollectionPersister persister)

 Object
PersistentIndexedElementHolder.getIndex(Object entry,
         int i,
         CollectionPersister persister)

          Deprecated.

 Object
PersistentArrayHolder.getIndex(Object entry,
         int i,
         CollectionPersister persister)

protected static String
PersistentIndexedElementHolder.getIndexAttributeName(CollectionPersister persister)

          Deprecated.

 Serializable
PersistentIdentifierBag.getSnapshot(CollectionPersister persister)

 Serializable
PersistentBag.getSnapshot(CollectionPersister persister)

 Serializable
PersistentElementHolder.getSnapshot(CollectionPersister persister)

          Deprecated.

 Serializable
PersistentList.getSnapshot(CollectionPersister persister)

 Serializable
PersistentSet.getSnapshot(CollectionPersister persister)

 Serializable
PersistentMap.getSnapshot(CollectionPersister persister)

 Serializable
PersistentIndexedElementHolder.getSnapshot(CollectionPersister persister)

          Deprecated.

 Serializable
PersistentArrayHolder.getSnapshot(CollectionPersister persister)

 void
PersistentIdentifierBag.initializeFromCache(CollectionPersister persister,
                    Serializable disassembled,
                    Object owner)

 void
PersistentMapElementHolder.initializeFromCache(CollectionPersister persister,
                    Serializable disassembled,
                    Object owner)

          Deprecated.

 void
PersistentBag.initializeFromCache(CollectionPersister persister,
                    Serializable disassembled,
                    Object owner)

 void
PersistentElementHolder.initializeFromCache(CollectionPersister persister,
                    Serializable disassembled,
                    Object owner)

          Deprecated.

 void
PersistentList.initializeFromCache(CollectionPersister persister,
                    Serializable disassembled,
                    Object owner)

 void
PersistentSet.initializeFromCache(CollectionPersister persister,
                    Serializable disassembled,
                    Object owner)

 void
PersistentMap.initializeFromCache(CollectionPersister persister,
                    Serializable disassembled,
                    Object owner)

 void
PersistentArrayHolder.initializeFromCache(CollectionPersister persister,
                    Serializable disassembled,
                    Object owner)

 void
PersistentListElementHolder.initializeFromCache(CollectionPersister persister,
                    Serializable disassembled,
                    Object owner)

          Deprecated.

 boolean
PersistentBag.needsRecreate(CollectionPersister persister)

 boolean
AbstractPersistentCollection.needsRecreate(CollectionPersister persister)

          Do we need to completely recreate this collection when it changes?

 void
PersistentIdentifierBag.preInsert(CollectionPersister persister)

 void
AbstractPersistentCollection.preInsert(CollectionPersister persister)

          Called before inserting rows, to ensure that any surrogate keys
 are fully generated

 Object
PersistentIdentifierBag.readFrom(ResultSet rs,
         CollectionPersister persister,
         CollectionAliases descriptor,
         Object owner)

 Object
PersistentBag.readFrom(ResultSet rs,
         CollectionPersister persister,
         CollectionAliases descriptor,
         Object owner)

 Object
PersistentElementHolder.readFrom(ResultSet rs,
         CollectionPersister persister,
         CollectionAliases descriptor,
         Object owner)

          Deprecated.

 Object
PersistentList.readFrom(ResultSet rs,
         CollectionPersister persister,
         CollectionAliases descriptor,
         Object owner)

 Object
PersistentSet.readFrom(ResultSet rs,
         CollectionPersister persister,
         CollectionAliases descriptor,
         Object owner)

 Object
PersistentMap.readFrom(ResultSet rs,
         CollectionPersister persister,
         CollectionAliases descriptor,
         Object owner)

 Object
PersistentIndexedElementHolder.readFrom(ResultSet rs,
         CollectionPersister persister,
         CollectionAliases descriptor,
         Object owner)

          Deprecated.

 Object
PersistentArrayHolder.readFrom(ResultSet rs,
         CollectionPersister persister,
         CollectionAliases descriptor,
         Object owner)

Constructors in org.hibernate.collection.internal with parameters of type CollectionPersister

PersistentArrayHolder(SessionImplementor session,
                      CollectionPersister persister)

PersistentElementHolder(SessionImplementor session,
                        CollectionPersister persister,
                        Serializable key)

          Deprecated.

PersistentIndexedElementHolder(SessionImplementor session,
                               CollectionPersister persister,
                               Serializable key)

          Deprecated.

PersistentListElementHolder(SessionImplementor session,
                            CollectionPersister persister,
                            Serializable key)

          Deprecated.

PersistentMapElementHolder(SessionImplementor session,
                           CollectionPersister persister,
                           Serializable key)

          Deprecated.

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.collection.spi

Methods in org.hibernate.collection.spi with parameters of type CollectionPersister

 void
PersistentCollection.afterRowInsert(CollectionPersister persister,
               Object entry,
               int i)

          Called after inserting a row, to fetch the natively generated id

 void
PersistentCollection.beforeInitialize(CollectionPersister persister,
                 int anticipatedSize)

          Called before any elements are read into the collection,
 allowing appropriate initializations to occur.

 Serializable
PersistentCollection.disassemble(CollectionPersister persister)

          Disassemble the collection, ready for the cache

 Iterator
PersistentCollection.entries(CollectionPersister persister)

          Iterate all collection entries, during update of the database

 boolean
PersistentCollection.equalsSnapshot(CollectionPersister persister)

          Does the current state exactly match the snapshot?

 Iterator
PersistentCollection.getDeletes(CollectionPersister persister,
           boolean indexIsFormula)

          Get all the elements that need deleting

 Object
PersistentCollection.getIndex(Object entry,
         int i,
         CollectionPersister persister)

          Get the index of the given collection entry

 Serializable
PersistentCollection.getSnapshot(CollectionPersister persister)

          Return a new snapshot of the current state of the collection

 void
PersistentCollection.initializeFromCache(CollectionPersister persister,
                    Serializable disassembled,
                    Object owner)

          Read the state of the collection from a disassembled cached value

 boolean
PersistentCollection.needsRecreate(CollectionPersister persister)

          Do we need to completely recreate this collection when it changes?

 void
PersistentCollection.preInsert(CollectionPersister persister)

          Called before inserting rows, to ensure that any surrogate keys
 are fully generated

 Object
PersistentCollection.readFrom(ResultSet rs,
         CollectionPersister role,
         CollectionAliases descriptor,
         Object owner)

          Read a row from the JDBC result set

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.ejb.criteria.path

Methods in org.hibernate.ejb.criteria.path that return CollectionPersister

 CollectionPersister
PluralAttributePath.getPersister()

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.engine.internal

Methods in org.hibernate.engine.internal with parameters of type CollectionPersister

 CollectionEntry
StatefulPersistenceContext.addInitializedCollection(CollectionPersister persister,
                         PersistentCollection collection,
                         Serializable id)

          add a collection we just pulled out of the cache (does not need initializing)

 void
StatefulPersistenceContext.addInitializedDetachedCollection(CollectionPersister collectionPersister,
                                 PersistentCollection collection)

          add an (initialized) collection that was created by another session and passed
 into update() (ie.

 void
StatefulPersistenceContext.addNewCollection(CollectionPersister persister,
                 PersistentCollection collection)

          Add a new collection (ie.

 void
StatefulPersistenceContext.addUninitializedCollection(CollectionPersister persister,
                           PersistentCollection collection,
                           Serializable id)

          add a collection we just loaded up (still needs initializing)

 void
StatefulPersistenceContext.addUninitializedDetachedCollection(CollectionPersister persister,
                                   PersistentCollection collection)

          add a detached uninitialized collection

 Object
StatefulPersistenceContext.getCollectionOwner(Serializable key,
                   CollectionPersister collectionPersister)

          Get the entity that owns this persistent collection

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.engine.loading.internal

Methods in org.hibernate.engine.loading.internal that return CollectionPersister

 CollectionPersister
LoadingCollectionEntry.getPersister()

Methods in org.hibernate.engine.loading.internal with parameters of type CollectionPersister

 void
CollectionLoadContext.endLoadingCollections(CollectionPersister persister)

          Finish the process of collection-loading for this bound result set.

 PersistentCollection
CollectionLoadContext.getLoadingCollection(CollectionPersister persister,
                     Serializable key)

          Retrieve the collection that is being loaded as part of processing this
 result set.

 PersistentCollection
LoadContexts.locateLoadingCollection(CollectionPersister persister,
                        Serializable ownerKey)

          Attempt to locate the loading collection given the owner's key.

Constructors in org.hibernate.engine.loading.internal with parameters of type CollectionPersister

LoadingCollectionEntry(ResultSet resultSet,
                       CollectionPersister persister,
                       Serializable key,
                       PersistentCollection collection)

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.engine.spi

Methods in org.hibernate.engine.spi that return CollectionPersister

 CollectionPersister
SessionFactoryImplementor.getCollectionPersister(String role)

          Get the persister object for a collection role.

 CollectionPersister
CollectionEntry.getCurrentPersister()

 CollectionPersister
CollectionEntry.getLoadedPersister()

          This is only available late during the flush cycle

Methods in org.hibernate.engine.spi that return types with arguments of type CollectionPersister

 Map<String,CollectionPersister>
SessionFactoryImplementor.getCollectionPersisters()

          Get all collection persisters as a Map, which collection role as the key and the persister is the value.

Methods in org.hibernate.engine.spi with parameters of type CollectionPersister

 CollectionEntry
PersistenceContext.addInitializedCollection(CollectionPersister persister,
                         PersistentCollection collection,
                         Serializable id)

          add a collection we just pulled out of the cache (does not need initializing)

 void
PersistenceContext.addInitializedDetachedCollection(CollectionPersister collectionPersister,
                                 PersistentCollection collection)

          add an (initialized) collection that was created by another session and passed
 into update() (ie.

 void
PersistenceContext.addNewCollection(CollectionPersister persister,
                 PersistentCollection collection)

          Add a new collection (ie.

 void
PersistenceContext.addUninitializedCollection(CollectionPersister persister,
                           PersistentCollection collection,
                           Serializable id)

          add a collection we just loaded up (still needs initializing)

 void
PersistenceContext.addUninitializedDetachedCollection(CollectionPersister persister,
                                   PersistentCollection collection)

          add a detached uninitialized collection

 Serializable[]
BatchFetchQueue.getCollectionBatch(CollectionPersister collectionPersister,
                   Serializable id,
                   int batchSize)

          Get a batch of uninitialized collection keys for a given role

 Object
PersistenceContext.getCollectionOwner(Serializable key,
                   CollectionPersister collectionPersister)

          Get the entity that owns this persistent collection

 void
CollectionEntry.setCurrentPersister(CollectionPersister currentPersister)

Constructors in org.hibernate.engine.spi with parameters of type CollectionPersister

CollectionEntry(CollectionPersister persister,
                PersistentCollection collection)

          For newly wrapped collections, or dereferenced collection wrappers

CollectionEntry(CollectionPersister loadedPersister,
                Serializable loadedKey)

          For uninitialized detached collections

CollectionEntry(PersistentCollection collection,
                CollectionPersister loadedPersister,
                Serializable loadedKey,
                boolean ignore)

          For collections just loaded from the database

CollectionKey(CollectionPersister persister,
              Serializable key)

CollectionKey(CollectionPersister persister,
              Serializable key,
              EntityMode em)

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.event.internal

Methods in org.hibernate.event.internal with parameters of type CollectionPersister

protected static boolean
ProxyVisitor.isOwnerUnchanged(PersistentCollection snapshot,
                 CollectionPersister persister,
                 Serializable id)

          Has the owner of the collection changed since the collection
 was snapshotted and detached?

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.event.spi

Methods in org.hibernate.event.spi that return CollectionPersister

protected static CollectionPersister
AbstractCollectionEvent.getLoadedCollectionPersister(PersistentCollection collection,
                             EventSource source)

Methods in org.hibernate.event.spi with parameters of type CollectionPersister

protected static String
AbstractCollectionEvent.getAffectedOwnerEntityName(CollectionPersister collectionPersister,
                           Object affectedOwner,
                           EventSource source)

Constructors in org.hibernate.event.spi with parameters of type CollectionPersister

AbstractCollectionEvent(CollectionPersister collectionPersister,
                        PersistentCollection collection,
                        EventSource source,
                        Object affectedOwner,
                        Serializable affectedOwnerId)

          Constructs an AbstractCollectionEvent object.

PostCollectionRecreateEvent(CollectionPersister collectionPersister,
                            PersistentCollection collection,
                            EventSource source)

PostCollectionRemoveEvent(CollectionPersister collectionPersister,
                          PersistentCollection collection,
                          EventSource source,
                          Object loadedOwner)

PostCollectionUpdateEvent(CollectionPersister collectionPersister,
                          PersistentCollection collection,
                          EventSource source)

PreCollectionRecreateEvent(CollectionPersister collectionPersister,
                           PersistentCollection collection,
                           EventSource source)

PreCollectionRemoveEvent(CollectionPersister collectionPersister,
                         PersistentCollection collection,
                         EventSource source,
                         Object loadedOwner)

PreCollectionUpdateEvent(CollectionPersister collectionPersister,
                         PersistentCollection collection,
                         EventSource source)

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.hql.internal.classic

Methods in org.hibernate.hql.internal.classic that return CollectionPersister

 CollectionPersister[]
QueryTranslatorImpl.getCollectionPersisters()

          Overrides method from Loader

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.internal

Methods in org.hibernate.internal that return CollectionPersister

 CollectionPersister
SessionFactoryImpl.getCollectionPersister(String role)

Methods in org.hibernate.internal that return types with arguments of type CollectionPersister

 Map<String,CollectionPersister>
SessionFactoryImpl.getCollectionPersisters()

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.loader

Fields in org.hibernate.loader declared as CollectionPersister

protected  CollectionPersister[]
JoinWalker.collectionPersisters

protected  CollectionPersister[]
OuterJoinLoader.collectionPersisters

Methods in org.hibernate.loader that return CollectionPersister

protected  CollectionPersister[]
Loader.getCollectionPersisters()

          An (optional) persister for a collection to be initialized; only
 collection loaders return a non-null value

 CollectionPersister[]
JoinWalker.getCollectionPersisters()

protected  CollectionPersister[]
OuterJoinLoader.getCollectionPersisters()

Methods in org.hibernate.loader with parameters of type CollectionPersister

 void
JoinWalker.setCollectionPersisters(CollectionPersister[] collectionPersisters)

Constructors in org.hibernate.loader with parameters of type CollectionPersister

GeneratedCollectionAliases(CollectionPersister persister,
                           String string)

GeneratedCollectionAliases(Map userProvidedAliases,
                           CollectionPersister persister,
                           String suffix)

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.loader.collection

Methods in org.hibernate.loader.collection that return CollectionPersister

 CollectionPersister
BatchingCollectionInitializer.getCollectionPersister()

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.loader.custom

Methods in org.hibernate.loader.custom that return CollectionPersister

protected  CollectionPersister[]
CustomLoader.getCollectionPersisters()

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.loader.hql

Methods in org.hibernate.loader.hql that return CollectionPersister

protected  CollectionPersister[]
QueryLoader.getCollectionPersisters()

          An (optional) persister for a collection to be initialized; only collection loaders
 return a non-null value

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.metamodel.binding

Methods in org.hibernate.metamodel.binding that return types with arguments of type CollectionPersister

 Class<? extends CollectionPersister>
AbstractPluralAttributeBinding.getCollectionPersisterClass()

 Class<? extends CollectionPersister>
PluralAttributeBinding.getCollectionPersisterClass()

Method parameters in org.hibernate.metamodel.binding with type arguments of type CollectionPersister

 void
AbstractPluralAttributeBinding.setCollectionPersisterClass(Class<? extends CollectionPersister> collectionPersisterClass)

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.persister.collection

Subinterfaces of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.persister.collection

 interface
QueryableCollection

          A collection role that may be queried or loaded by outer join.

 interface
SQLLoadableCollection

Classes in org.hibernate.persister.collection that implement CollectionPersister

 class
AbstractCollectionPersister

          Base implementation of the <tt>QueryableCollection</tt> interface.

 class
BasicCollectionPersister

          Collection persister for collections of values and many-to-many associations.

 class
OneToManyPersister

          Collection persister for one-to-many associations.

Constructors in org.hibernate.persister.collection with parameters of type CollectionPersister

NamedQueryCollectionInitializer(String queryName,
                                CollectionPersister persister)

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.persister.internal

Methods in org.hibernate.persister.internal that return CollectionPersister

 CollectionPersister
PersisterFactoryImpl.createCollectionPersister(Configuration cfg,
                          Collection collectionMetadata,
                          CollectionRegionAccessStrategy cacheAccessStrategy,
                          SessionFactoryImplementor factory)

 CollectionPersister
PersisterFactoryImpl.createCollectionPersister(MetadataImplementor metadata,
                          PluralAttributeBinding collectionMetadata,
                          CollectionRegionAccessStrategy cacheAccessStrategy,
                          SessionFactoryImplementor factory)

Methods in org.hibernate.persister.internal that return types with arguments of type CollectionPersister

 Class<? extends CollectionPersister>
StandardPersisterClassResolver.getCollectionPersisterClass(Collection metadata)

 Class<? extends CollectionPersister>
StandardPersisterClassResolver.getCollectionPersisterClass(PluralAttributeBinding metadata)

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.persister.spi

Methods in org.hibernate.persister.spi that return CollectionPersister

 CollectionPersister
PersisterFactory.createCollectionPersister(Configuration cfg,
                          Collection model,
                          CollectionRegionAccessStrategy cacheAccessStrategy,
                          SessionFactoryImplementor factory)

          Create a collection persister instance.

 CollectionPersister
PersisterFactory.createCollectionPersister(MetadataImplementor metadata,
                          PluralAttributeBinding model,
                          CollectionRegionAccessStrategy cacheAccessStrategy,
                          SessionFactoryImplementor factory)

          Create a collection persister instance.

Methods in org.hibernate.persister.spi that return types with arguments of type CollectionPersister

 Class<? extends CollectionPersister>
PersisterClassResolver.getCollectionPersisterClass(Collection metadata)

          Returns the collection persister class for a given collection role or null
 if the collection persister class should be the default.

 Class<? extends CollectionPersister>
PersisterClassResolver.getCollectionPersisterClass(PluralAttributeBinding metadata)

          Returns the collection persister class for a given collection role or null
 if the collection persister class should be the default.

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.pretty

Methods in org.hibernate.pretty with parameters of type CollectionPersister

static String
MessageHelper.collectionInfoString(CollectionPersister persister,
                     PersistentCollection collection,
                     Serializable collectionKey,
                     SessionImplementor session)

          Generate an info message string relating to a particular managed
 collection.

static String
MessageHelper.collectionInfoString(CollectionPersister persister,
                     Serializable[] ids,
                     SessionFactoryImplementor factory)

          Generate an info message string relating to a series of managed
 collections.

static String
MessageHelper.collectionInfoString(CollectionPersister persister,
                     Serializable id,
                     SessionFactoryImplementor factory)

          Generate an info message string relating to a particular managed
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Methods in org.hibernate.type with parameters of type CollectionPersister

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            CollectionPersister persister,
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abstract  PersistentCollection
CollectionType.instantiate(SessionImplementor session,
            CollectionPersister persister,
            Serializable key)

          Instantiate an uninitialized collection wrapper or holder.

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CustomCollectionType.instantiate(SessionImplementor session,
            CollectionPersister persister,
            Serializable key)

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SetType.instantiate(SessionImplementor session,
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            Serializable key)

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            CollectionPersister persister,
            Serializable key)

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MapType.instantiate(SessionImplementor session,
            CollectionPersister persister,
            Serializable key)

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ArrayType.instantiate(SessionImplementor session,
            CollectionPersister persister,
            Serializable key)

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            CollectionPersister persister,
            Serializable key)

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SortedMapType.instantiate(SessionImplementor session,
            CollectionPersister persister,
            Serializable key)

Uses of CollectionPersister in org.hibernate.usertype

Methods in org.hibernate.usertype with parameters of type CollectionPersister

 PersistentCollection
UserCollectionType.instantiate(SessionImplementor session,
            CollectionPersister persister)

          Instantiate an uninitialized instance of the collection wrapper

 Object
UserCollectionType.replaceElements(Object original,
                Object target,
                CollectionPersister persister,
                Object owner,
                Map copyCache,
                SessionImplementor session)

          Replace the elements of a collection with the elements of another collection

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text:
Blake: Hosting the ACMs Will 'Suck' without Reba
By Krista Wick 5:00 AM PDT, April 4, 2013
It'll be double the trouble when rowdy pals Blake Shelton and Luke Bryan host the Academy of Country Music Awards this Sunday.
ET caught up with half of the dynamic duo leading up to the big show as Blake taped a guest spot on ex co-host Reba McEntire's sitcom Malibu Country. While there's no doubt the Boys 'Round Here singer will have tons of fun onstage with his buddy April 7, Blake was resigned to believe the show will basically "suck" without Reba.
Pics: Fierce Fashions from the 2012 ACM Awards
"[She's] such a rock that I always count on her to keep things where they need to be as far as timing and script stuff and everything," confessed the crooner, who relied on his older and wiser co-host to keep the show from going off the rails in 2011 and 2012. "This year with Luke, it's just going to suck."
Sunday will mark the first time Reba hasn't hosted festivities since 1999. Due to scheduling conflicts, she was unable to continue her streak but said she's glad to be enjoying the show from the comfort of her chair at the MGM Grand Garden Arena.
"It's going to be a fun show watching those two together," said Reba, "I'll be heckling from the audience."
Related: Blake & Miranda to Open ACMs with All-Star Medley
Click the video for more!
Don't miss the 48th annual Academy of Country Music Awards broadcast live from Las Vegas this Sunday, April 7 on CBS.

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Dürer's Melencolia I: The Why
I've spilled a lot of pixels on Melencolia I by this point. So now the big question is... why. Why is this piece so important to me, why do I obsess on it, why does it hit me in such a profound way on a personal level?
And I guess the best answer I can give is, because this is what it feels like inside my own head.
A clutter of ideas – weird, occult ideas at that – sitting before an ambivalent thinker. Reminders of death, yes, but also endless, obsessive puzzles to dive into, weird landscapes, tools laid carelessly aside, a flurry of information spiraling down to the furthest detail.
Sounds a bit like this blog, doesn't it?
And moreover, sounds a bit like my life. I tend to dive deeply into things that interest me for a short period, filled with inspiration from Elsewhere and then, once I am done with the idea, it lays me carelessly aside. David Foster Wallace put it best in Infinite Jest when his protagonist Hal Incandenza (a last name itself redolent of being afire with inspiration) speaks of his own genius-troubled childhood: "I too had moved serially between obsessions, as a child." Hal's speaking of his own father's incessant, unstoppable need to conquer a new obsession once the old one had worn off. "His record up until [the filmmaking career which he took up until the end of his life] indicated that he remained obsessed with something until he became successful at it, then transferred his obsession to something else."
Of course, some of us gripped by melancholia imaginativa never become a success.
And that's I think what someone like me gets out of Melencolia I. Albrecht Dürer? A true Renaissance man, skilled in art, architecture, mathematics, the occult and spiritual. His furious melancholy picked him up, used him, and put him down again but with great works left behind. My melancholy? It renders me heavy and weighed down, obsessing on minutiae, an angelic figure of inspiration sinisterly placed upon my shoulder, taunting me with what might be.
I guess the challenge of having this kind of brain (I'm not saying I'm anything like a genius, by the way; just that I have the kind of brain susceptible to a) obsessiveness and b) depression) is being able to systematically organize and process one's obsessions, put them into the field of vision of one's own life, and catalogue them accordingly. Which is one of the reasons I started this blog, to be honest.
Being mired in depression has always been something I've reveled in a bit, which I think is part of the condition, but what Melencolia I offers me is the promise of a way to make something beautiful out of a condition that is painful, shockingly painful on almost every day of my life.
I want to be picked up by inspiration, ultimately, picked up and not put down carelessly when it is done with me.
Posted by Michael Grasso at 7:42 AM No comments:
Labels: David Foster Wallace, Depression, Dürer, Infinite Jest, Melancholy, Mental Health, Mental Illness, Obsession, Occult, Personal, Weirdmas
Dürer's Melencolia I: The Math
We keep seeing the motifs of Dürer as craftsman return again and again in our examination of Melencolia I. Indeed, the image itself is replete with these symbols: the compass in the celestial figure's hand, the woodworking tools at its feet, and the scales, hourglass, and bell above. But look more closely at the image and you see another symbolic thread, parallel and complementary to craftsmanship, and that is the presence of mathematics.
Of course, without math one cannot correctly construct. But the math in Melencolia I is obscure, occult, surreal, magical. It defies the earthy concerns of a saw, nails and a plane. It begs us to leave the real world behind and enter, yes, an imaginary, higher realm.
We've spoken of the magic square in detail before; all that remains to be said is that Dürer's magic square in Melencolia I has many eyebrow-raising references and properties. Everyone knows the inclusion of "15/14" in the bottom row of the square to reflect the year it was created. But there is also another monogram of Albrecht Dürer here, hidden in the corners of the square: A and D are the 1st and 4th letters of the alphabet. In addition, it is a gnomon magic square, where the four quadrants of the square add to the same sum, as well as the center four numbers. Lots of satisfying mathematical symmetry here (not the least of which that opposite values on the edge of the square total to 17). But what of the mystical significance of this particular type of square?
The 4x4 square was dedicated, in Agrippa, to Jupiter. Now, one would naturally wonder or expect a magic square in a piece titled after melancholy to include the Saturnine, 3x3 square. But instead of the leaden, ponderous square of Saturn, we are giving the shining, beneficent, literally-jovial square of Jupiter. Is the magic square in Melencolia I meant to something to aspire to? It hangs above the angelic figure's head, conspicuous in its placement among the muddle and mess of the rest of the scene, the bell waiting to be rung above it. Perhaps it is even a square of warding, a way of keeping the confusion and overwhelming stimuli of melancholia imaginativa at bay? An exercise to settle the mind, a meditation on order? Think of the time Dürer likely spent in lining up all these numbers to work just as he wished. Perhaps he saw the square as a way to quiet and focus his mind.
In Agrippa, the square of Saturn can be used as both "white" or "black" magic, to either confer stability or discord upon the subject of its spell, but Jupiter's square in unequivocally beneficent magic:
They say that if [a four-by-four magic square] be impressed upon a Silver plate with Jupiter being powerfull, and ruling, it conduceth to gain, and riches, favor, and love, peace, and concord, and to appease enemies, to confirm honors, dignities, and counsels, and dissolve enchantments if it be engraven on a corall. (French, 1651)
Moving on to the other mathematical enigma in the image, we come to Dürer's solid, on the left hand side of Melencolia I. And it's quite an uncanny piece of business. Let's start with the fact that it contains the primary optical illusions in Melencolia I. First, there is the face, or according to Finkelstein, faces plural. These "ghosts" that appear in the solid are put there via the method of foreshortening; an optical illusion to us today, but in the early decades of the birth of perspective in Western art, a new and bizarre way of communicating graphical information.
The solid itself is a rhombohedron, with truncated shavings taken off two of the vertices, turning the 6-sided figure into an 8-sided one. We, of course, cannot see the back four surfaces of the solid, which means we are making assumptions of symmetry. It's often said that this solid has "fascinated scholars for centuries," but what really is going on here I think is the inherent uncanniness of taking of a regular, nay Platonic, solid – the cube – turning its sides into rhombuses and then chopping off two of the vertices. It feels wrong. Especially when you compare its "irregular" shape to the conspicuous sphere on the ground. Why a sphere, right there of all places? Again, I believe the placement is intentional and meant to unnerve us. The sphere is the most perfect shape; the octahedron, odd and seemingly out-of-place.
But what if the solid is exactly what it should be? A man like Dürer would not arbitrarily consign an irregular solid to his image for no reason. What is it? Perhaps it is the very liminality, mutability, and process of transition of the solid from cube to rhombohedron to octahedron that makes it meaningful? The cube in Platonic metaphysics represents the element of earth; the octahedron, air. Perhaps Dürer's unsubtle shaving of the already-warped rhombohedron was a way of describing the feeling in Agrippa of being gripped as an earthly being by a spiritual, mystical melancholia imaginativa? The earthbound transforms into a realm of pure idea? There is something to be said about the fact that would have necessitated a transformation of cube into quintessential dodecahedron and not airy octahedron, but who's to say what exists on the other side of the solid, facing the distant landscape and eerie rainbow arcing its way across the sky?
Posted by Michael Grasso at 7:37 AM 1 comment:
Labels: 16th Century, Agrippa, Art History, Dürer, Geometry, Magic, Magic Squares, Mathematics, Meditation, Melancholy, Occult, Three Books of Occult Philosophy, Weirdmas
Dürer's Melencolia I: The Man
Qualifier up front: I am neither an art history student nor a student of psychology. So the suppositions I will make in this installment are just that: suppositions. But as someone with at least a casual knowledge of Dürer's artistic journey over his lifespan, his interests outside of art, and the way in which he navigated the political shoals and rocks of the early 16th century Holy Roman Empire, I feel like I can give at least a truncated psycho-history of Dürer.
Let's begin with the most notable observation from his early life: Dürer was born at least somewhat an outsider. His father, a skilled craftsman (in goldsmithing), came from modern-day Hungary and as we noted in the previous installment, Dürer's family name was originally Ajtósi, changed first to Türer (the German translation of "doormaker") and then phonetically to Dürer. Whether or not Dürer's background as a "first-generation immigrant" (if such a term can be used anachronistically) had any impact on his later art, I can't say. What I can say is that almost all of Dürer's biographers agree he was privileged to grow up in the burgeoning "middle class" (again, another likely anachronism) among some of the much talented craftspeople in Europe near the turn of the 15th/16th centuries.
Dürer didn't differ from most artisans of the time: he apprenticed, he had his wanderjahren (which included a stint in Italy at the outbreak of the revolution in art there), and he settled in Nuremberg where he lived for most of the rest of his life. Stability, patronage, experience: these are the factors that enabled Dürer to produce his masterworks.
What do we see of Dürer in his art? Precision, yes, to be certain. A certain horror vacui that today we might associate with outsider artists? Perhaps that's just me. A devotion to the ideas of twin ideas of the liberal arts and mystical inspiration? Looking at his St. Jerome in the context of Melencolia I, and indeed the occult construction of the melancholia imaginativa previously investigated, how could anyone think otherwise? But there are some other aspects to Dürer's personality that I believe can be found in his choices of subjects.
Portraiture was unusual enough in this very early Renaissance era. Self-portraiture was even rarer. Occasionally a fresco artist might insert himself as one figure of many in a crowd scene, but Dürer's gaze gravitated towards himself first, and this made him unique in this period. Later in the 16th century and beyond, the self-portrait would become an accepted, normal mode of painting (notably, amongst women artists), but in Dürer's time, it was a statement of purpose, a statement of ego.
Because Dürer did not come to making real, permanent works featuring himself later in life; he'd done it since adolescence. Certainly, the drawings he made at 13 may have likely been for practice, but his great self-portraits in paint occurred throughout his 20s, when he was just beginning his career. An audacious statement.
More audacious? His Self-Portrait at Age 28, in which he dresses and poses like a Christ.1
As was his trademark, his AD monogram, which adorned most of his prints. Remember that prints were certainly for mass consumption in this age, and so began the era of the credited artist.2 Dürer had to be a marketer, a self-promoter. But still, I believe this strong sense of ego was one of the most basic elements to his personality, and it dovetailed well with the development of the printed image and word.3
This leads nicely into I think the other very salient aspect of Dürer's personality: his profound neophilia. By now means was Dürer mired in the past in either his art of his thought: he was the early prototype Renaissance man: plumbing the ancients for the ideas that mattered and re-presenting them in a "modern" context. Certainly his thoughts on architecture and art broke ground, but spiritually and religiously, we've already seen his attraction to the occult, and in the early years of Martin Luther, Dürer positively idolized the man. Keep in mind, this was before Protestantism as a movement and Luther was simply an unorthodox reformer; once Luther broke with the Church, Dürer would brook no further discussion. But he remained friendly to Reform ideas up until his death, which in the context of everything else, makes a lot of sense.
So where do we end up with these traits? We see a man with a strong ego, a desire for the new, and a crowded, full mind, forever voyaging. Was Dürer melancholic as we would consider it today (either unipolarly or bipolarly depressed)? The connection between genius/creativity and mental illness is well-trod ground I don't wish to debate here, but it is interesting to note that no one ever made explicit observations of Dürer being depressed, simply energetic and endlessly creative. Surely, he was said to have experienced "depressive fits" when his father died, but this is reasonably to be expected. Dürer definitely tried to control his self-image, so it makes sense that he would release only the manic side of his bipolarity, if indeed he suffered from it.
One wishes to argue that melancholy interested Dürer for the reasons we cited in Agrippa: he saw in its imaginative form an explanation for his skill with hands and mind. In the last installment of this series, I'm going to examine this idea of mental illness, depression, creativity, and ego more carefully in a personal context. For now, I wish to leave the question, "Was Dürer himself melancholic?" unanswered, like so many of the mysteries in his masterworks.
Next week we'll look at the art, mathematics, and science – including the occult science – of Melencolia I.
1 For years, I thought this was the work featured in both of George Lucas's THX-1138 films (student version and theatrical release), as the Electronic Confessional/Jesus/Citizen 0000, but it turns out it was Hans Memling's Christ Giving His Blessing. That confusion in and of itself says a lot about Dürer's self-portraiture.
2 Being a medievalist by education, the proliferation of named authors, artists, and musicians always was to me one of the signal occurrences to identify the change from medieval to Renaissance mindsets, whatever that might mean. I've come around on this as being somewhat reductive in recent years as I delve more into the Renaissance/early modern period.
3 In most of the books Dürer authored, his monogram appears on the frontispiece and takes up nearly half the page.
Labels: 15th Century, 16th Century, Art History, Dürer, Martin Luther, Mental Health, Mental Illness, Occult, Portraiture, Psychology, Religion, Science, Weirdmas
Dürer's Melencolia I: The Title
So let's begin at the beginning then. Why is Melencolia I called that?
The title is right there in literal black and white, floating in a scroll in the upper left corner of the print, supported by a bat, one of two animals in the image (both the bat and the dog being associated with the melancholic humor). The bat was considered melancholy because of its nocturnal nature; the dog, due to its ability to mimic human emotional responses and the longstanding "black dog" of depression.1 It is noteworthy that the bat presents us the title, not the cherub/putto who slumps in imitation of the main angelic figure, its wings seeming vestigial, gravity keeping him earthbound. It is, instead, the bat who is rampant and aerial, triumphant in this scene.
Melencolia. It's not an orthography the moderns are familiar with, and indeed many scholars believe it was never an accepted spelling of "melancholia."2 (Finkelstein 2007, 20) Is there a hidden message, perhaps as an anagram of the title, or even within the gematria of the individual letters? I will leave that for others to discern and analyze: Finkelstein opts for the anagram LIMEN CAELO, "boundary of heaven," or "gateway to heaven," playing on Dürer's original surname, Ajtósi, meaning "doormaker." But the idea of liminality... let's not quite throw that away yet as a stretch.
Melencolia I. Was there to be a part II, a part III? Scholars are divided on this, as it seems that Melencolia, as one of the so-called "master prints" of Dürer, could be considered part of a series done while in service to (but not directly commissioned by) Emperor Maxmilian I. But this idea of the three master prints seems a modern contrivance, which also conveniently ignores the fact that Knight, Death, and the Devil came first of these three.
The I in the title, I believe, more accurately refers to "melancholia imaginativa." And this is where we first delve full-bore into the world of the occult and of magic and its relationship to Dürer.
Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim was a contemporary of Dürer's. Agrippa served as one of the first encyclopedists of Western esotericism in the early modern era with his masterwork, Three Books of Occult Philosophy. When most of us think of Western magic – its mix of ancient cultures (Hebrew, Greek, Egyptian, etc.), its reliance on ritual, geometry, cypher, and categorization, its pseudo-scientific trappings – all this comes from Agrippa.
In his first book, Agrippa speaks of the inspiration that can come when a truly enlightened sibyl, prophet, or magician is influenced by melancholy.3
So great also they say the power of melancholy is of, that by its force, Celestiall spirits also are sometimes drawn into mens bodies, by whose presence, and instinct, antiquity testifies men have been made drunk, and spake most wonderful things. And that they think happens under a threefold [three-fold] difference, according to a threefold apprehension of the soul, viz. imaginative, rationall, and mentall. They say therefore, when the mind is forced with a melancholy humor, nothing moderating the power of the body, and passing beyond the bonds of the members, is wholly carried into imagination, and doth suddenly become a seat for inferior spirits, by whom it oftentimes receives wonderfull wayes, and forms of manuall Arts.
"Inferior spirits," "Celestiall" ones, enabling the experiencer to speak "most wonderful things." Dürer's engraving visually, as a whole, really has that feeling, doesn't it? The ambivalence of melancholy, the fruits of said imaginative state all around the larger angelic figure (all those instruments of science, measurement, and quantification), the interior motion and exterior inertia... it's all there, packed into all of Dürer's obsessive detail. Melancholia imaginativa is the inferior form; it produces sudden utterances, clutter, chaos, formless verse, skill in manual arts, it gets into the limbs. The higher forms – rational and mental – produce philosophical/prophetic and divine inspiration respectively.
Agrippa actually owes this tripartite conception of inspiration via melancholy to an earlier theorist, Marsilio Ficino, who was really the instrument by which Platonism and neo-Platonism from the late antique period came down to the humanists in the Renaissance. His Latin translations of Plato brought Christendom's thinkers out from underneath the medieval devotion to Aristotle.
Here's the most interesting thing about Dürer's purported inspiration by Agrippa: his Three Books had not even been published yet in 1514. If Dürer were so inspired by Agrippa's theories of melancholy, he had to have read them in a circulated manuscript, for which there is ample evidence: Agrippa and Dürer both served in Maxmilian's court. But it is stunning to think of untested, unpublished ideas being so vitally important to Dürer here, for a theory on melancholy, buried within a much larger opus, to grab him so profoundly to lead to this kind of masterwork. It's a testament, I think, to how much the theory spoke to Dürer personally. Which will lead us to the next installment of this series: looking at Dürer's vita and personality.
1 Although the idea of a "black dog" hounding the depressive is now mostly well-known due to Dr. Johnson and Winston Churchill's use of the phrase, the idea exists in a continuum from Ancient Rome, through the Middle Ages (where the black dog was more often a familiar of the Devil) and through the early modern period: Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy speaks of dogs being "most subject" to the mimicry of human melancholy, in the form of "many stories of dogs that have died for grief, and pined away for loss of their masters." Whither Jurassic Bark?
2 Not wishing to drive traffic too far afield, but as Wikipedia says, it's believed more ink has been spilled on Melencolia I than any other piece of art in human history; a bold claim, but even so it's very hard not to tread on scholars' toes when trying to explicate what makes this work unique. I cite here, for the purposes of examining the title of Melencolia I, a paper from a physics professor at Georgia Tech, David R. Finkelstein, and his quite occult interpretation of, well, nearly everything within Melencolia I.
3 Excerpt from the English version first published in 1651 by John French.
Labels: 16th Century, Agrippa, Ancient History, Animals, Art History, Dürer, Magic, Melancholy, Occult, Plato, Spirits, Symbolism, Three Books of Occult Philosophy, Weirdmas
Dürer's Melencolia I: Prelude
"I don't get it."
"No one has gotten it for 500 years THAT IS WHY IT IS SO AWESOME."
- a friend and me, on Melencolia I
"It's grey and has a sad dog and a withered baby and an angry dude and symbolism and is [your] version of puppies and rainbows."1
- my wife, on Melencolia I
Last year, I did a series of posts around Christmas on the Weirdness of Christmas. It was pretty well-received, especially the post on the Yule Lads, which is apparently getting a lot of attention these days as we enter another holiday season.
Most importantly, last year's Weirdmas series kept me honest. It kept me writing. So I was thinking that I needed another series this year; maybe not 12 days of fun, as real life continues to intrude. But something I could write about over the holiday season in a serial format. And then it hit me.
My long-promised series of posts on Albrecht Dürer's Melencolia I.
I don't want to spoil too much of what I'd like to write about this magnificent, mysterious print in this introductory post. But what I will tease is the fact that this work is absolutely seasonally-appropriate, especially for me personally.
Its deeper personal meaning for me, too, will need to wait until the proper time. All I will say at this moment is that Melencolia I is an important artistic vision to me on many levels, one I did not discover until relatively late in life, and one which I literally look at every day (it is both my iPad wallpaper and my Facebook homepage image).
During this series I'll also talk a lot about Melencolia I's occult symbolism, about Dürer's life and influences, about the reception of Melencolia I in the centuries since it appeared on the scene. But mostly I want someone out there to discover it and love it as much as I do.
1 This conveniently ignores that Melencolia I actually has a dog and a rainbow in it! Hmph.
Labels: 16th Century, Art History, Dürer, Engraving, Occult, Personal, Prints, Symbolism, Weirdmas


Depressed, debt-ridden, and ill, Mozart and his friend Karl Lichnowski met the King of Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm I (a fine amateur cellist) in Potsdam in April 1789. Mozart then played before the king in Berlin a month later and went on to dedicate his last string quartet to him (hence the unusually prominent cello part). Within a year, Mozart was dead. He was 35 years old. I've resisted programming Mozart for years; more than most, his music needs to sound effortless, posing a particular challenge with music that is so fiendishly difficult. However, bolstered by NCMF's first foray into Bartok quartets, I felt it was also time for some Mozart.This is some of the most absurdly beautiful music ever written. We've become accustomed to the Romantic notion of an artist's suffering expressed through his art. If anything, the sheer energy of the last movement could only be interpreted as unabashed delight at being alive.


text:
Petition holding wildlife agency's feet to the fire
Lawmakers agree that Wildlife Services, which activists accuse of 'going rogue,' must reveal its activities.
By Darryl FearsThe Washington Post
WASHINGTON — They say U.S. critter assassins work in secret, quietly laying traps, lacing food with poison, sniping at targets from helicopters. Few people know exactly how the hits go down; the methods are largely hidden.
What's certain is that the little-known U.S. Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services kills up to 3 million animals a year, mostly those deemed a nuisance but also some that agents kill by mistake, including endangered species.
Now, in a turnabout, the hunter is the target. A petition seeks to reduce the power of Wildlife Services and shine a light on its practices, claiming its agents have "gone rogue," overstepping the mission to protect the public by killing indiscriminately.
There's no dispute that Wildlife Services plays a valuable role by eliminating invasive animals such as nutria and starlings that are a menace. But critics have questions: How many is too many? Does the agency euthanize wildlife too often on behalf of farmers and ranchers without regard to ecosystems?
The petition filed early this month by the Center for Biological Diversity isn't the first time that animal rights activists have squared off against Wildlife Services, but this time their coalition includes politicians who agree that the agency is too secret and too deadly. Even some federal workers frown on it; staff members at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service quietly dismiss Wildlife Services agents as "gopher chokers."
"Wildlife Services is one of the most opaque and obstinate departments I've dealt with," said Rep. Peter DeFazio, D-Ore. "We're really not sure what they're doing. I've asked the agency to give me breakdowns on what lethal methods they're using. They can't or won't do that. We've asked them to tell us what goes into their poisons. They won't say."
DeFazio and several colleagues requested a congressional hearing on the agency's practices without success, so they pushed the USDA inspector general, Phyllis Fong, to conduct an audit, which was announced this month.
Wildlife Services said in response that it has nothing to hide. Answering questions by email, a spokeswoman said that the bulk of its work is to protect humans.
"For example, we work with the aviation community to protect the public by reducing wildlife hazards at more than 800 airports around the country," spokeswoman Lyndsay Cole said. "Wildlife Services' efforts to protect threatened and endangered species are conducted in more than 34 states. Wildlife Services also operates the National Rabies Management Program, which distributes oral vaccines in 16 states."
The service has consulted with wolf management agencies to . . . "lessen the negative impacts of expanding wolf populations since the 1970s," she said. In the Rocky Mountains and Great Lakes regions, "the wolf population has reached and exceeded recovery goals" set by managers, she said.
Cole said the agency's kills are guided by a science-based decision-making model. In a 1997 review, its most recent, the agency described it as "the integration and application of all practical methods of prevention and control to reduce wildlife damage."
"This basically says they can use whatever methods at their disposal, whenever they want," said Amy Atwood, a senior attorney for the Center for Biological Diversity. "Just saying you comply with the law doesn't make it so."
Concerns over Wildlife Services spiked last year when agent Jamie Olson posted photographs on Facebook showing his dogs attacking and mauling a coyote caught in a trap, said Camilla Fox, founder and executive director of the nonprofit group Project Coyote.
Olson acknowledged he made a mistake, "not in his coyote hunting practices but in letting the photos, which he says are more than five years old, be publicly accessible," according to a blog post in the weekly Missoula (Montana) Independent.
In January, Wildlife Services trapper Russell Files was arrested in Arizona for intentionally snaring a neighbor's dog in a steel trap. Before it was rescued, the animal lost 17 teeth trying to chew off its leg.


What is another word for fade?
become less clearly visible or distinguishable; disappear gradually or seemingly; " The scene begins to fade"; " The tree trunks are melting into the forest at dusk"
not amount to much/a great deal.
cases, diminish, weaken, meddle, erode, decrease, dilute, evaporate.
bloom, win, grow, solidify, fight, prolong, extend, raise, rise, free, increase, develop, go up, expand, coagulate, enlarge, reach.
brighten, darken, color, enhance, recover, improve, strengthen, sharpen, appear, arrive.
come to life, pattern, splotch, speck, paint, marble, dye, embrown, exist, be born, survive, stripe, pigment, blotch, dapple, tincture, spot, checker, streak, discolor, come into being, begin, emerge, blacken, break out, speckle, stain, tint, striate, variegate, flourish, tinge, deepen, polish, loom, shine, tarnish, gain, rally, daub, live, rebound, shade, mottle, burnish, issue, fleck, polychrome.
But when the colours of the sky fade away and the blinds are drawn down over the windows of heaven, then my heart tells me that evening falls just for the purpose of shutting out the world, to mark the time when the darkness must be filled with the One.
Imagine a race with a perfect memory - one which does not fade.
fayed, faddy, fit out, fade away, fatwah, fifty-two, ft, fete, fatwa, fiftieth, faith, fate, fed, foot, fifty, fad diet, fated, fathead, fete day, foodie, FPD, footed, fuddy-duddy, faded, Fet, FTO, fiat, fad, Fatah, fatheaded, food, fadeout, Fatiha, fit, fat, fitted out, fade out, fahd, feat, feud, fado, foetid, fda, feed, fatty, Fatihah, fatuity, fetid, fifth.
conclusion, golf shot, termination, golf stroke, ending, swing.
go away, disappear, weaken, vanish.


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Louis Colaiannia
Russell Suereth
Carol Comune
Hailing from Colorado, Louis Colaiannia's love of piano began when he was five years old. Fast forward to the present, and Colaiannia just played Carnegie Hall as a presenter and nominee in the Enlightened Piano Radio Music awards ceremony and concert.
Truly amazing. But what's really in between those 88 keys?
This is a man with an interesting and richly textured life. This depth comes through in his music, which brims with heart, passion, and emotion. Not surprising, since at one time Colaiannia was pre-med, thinking he might pursue a career as a heart surgeon.
His musical career is interwoven throughout his tapestry of life, which includes a successful career in dentistry, a basketball scholarship, and martial arts training. His foray into the realm of "New Age," began when someone asked him to provide background music to a meditation tape. The success of that venture led to concerts and offers from record labels, which at the time, Colaiannia had to turn down. Now the heat is back up on his music – his true passion – with his latest release, "Closer." As well, Louis is currently recording his upcoming new CD at Imaginary Road in Vermont with Will Ackerman and Tom Eaton.
More about Louis: Colaiannia is a virtuoso of classical piano, accomplished songwriter, arranger and performer. He is also a multiple Zone Music Reporter (ZMR) nomination recipient: (Best Ambient Album 2011, Holiday Album of the Year 2012, and Best Chill/Groove 2013)
He holds a Mozart Award for his contributions to music, and his latest release, "Closer," continues to show his versatility. Louis is a Primo Award winner two years in a row (2011 and 2012) for Italian American Entertainer of the Year and was recently inducted into the Colorado Italian American Hall of Fame 2012.
Colaiannia performs nationally and internationally. In addition to Carnegie Hall, he has performed at the Keystone Jazz Festival, Copper Mountain Jazz Festival, the Festival Italiano and the Woodland Park Jazz Festival.
Michelle Wilkins' Unborn Child Honored with Song by Internationally Recognized Musician Louis Colaiannia
Recently, Louis Colaiannia donated his talents to write and produce this song "Aurora's Light," for Michelle Wilkins, whose daughter, "Aurora" was a victim of a crime of violence.
Louis Colaiannia Facebook
BE OUR FEATURED ARTIST
Stephen Wallack | Artist Page — STEPHEN WALLACK – CHAPTERS Pianist Stephen Wallack explodes onto the New Age music scene with his debut album, "Chapters," which spotlights his powerful, energetic, cinematic style of composing and performing music that is full of passion, strong rhythms and heartfelt melodies. A Minnesota native, Stephen Wallack describes his music as cinematic and emotional. He [...]
Paradiso and Rasamayi – Artist ... — PARADISO & RASAMAYI Paradiso and Rasamayi are internationally renowned musicians and sound healers with five critically acclaimed, internationally chart-topping CDs, which have received recognition for being among the best Meditation and Relaxation (ZMR), World (COVR) and New Age (Independent Music Awards) albums. These Billboard charting twin flames have collaborated with luminaries including [...]
David Nevue | In the Soft Light of Gr... — In the Soft Light of Grace by David Nevue Album review by Dyan Garris for Zone Music Reporter and New Age CD "In the Soft Light of Grace" is music that gently washes over you like warm ocean waves lapping up to softly kiss you with unforgettable magnificence. It is alive. It is authentic. It [...]
Louis Anthony deLise | Natural Light ... — NATURAL LIGHT by Louis Anthony deLise Album review by Dyan Garris for Zone Music Reporter and NewAgeCD No doubt about it. Natural light is rich and diverse. It's simple and complex at the same time. Unlike artificial light, natural light is comprised of all the colors of the rainbow and is "created" by a range [...]
Grayhawk David Gibney – Artist ... — Grayhawk is a classically-trained New Age composer, keyboardist and conductor, as well as a mystic, scholar of religious studies, musician, visionary, and sonic alchemist. He is a practicing Wiccan, devoted to Earth-centered Spirituality that began with a Visionquest with Native American elders during the time of the Harmonic Convergence. Grayhawk has traveled extensively throughout the [...]


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500 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 1405 , Chicago, IL 60611-3767
Student/Teacher Login
Home welcome
Classes in-person & online
In-Person Classes vaccination card required
Beginner Classes (In-Person)
Elementary Classes (In-Person)
Intermediate Classes (In-Person)
Upper Intermediate (In-Person)
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Workshops (In-Person)
Online Classes held on Zoom
Beginners Classes (Online)
Elementary Classes (Online)
Intermediate Classes (Online)
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Our Teachers bios & method
Contact Us info & resources
Alessia Defraia
Alessia started teaching Italian to foreigners in the early 90's, working for the AFSAI (Associazione per la Formazione, gli Scambi e le Attività Interculturali), an association that promotes and supports short and long-term exchanges throughout the world.
She has served as director of the Sardinian branch of the association and oversaw the long-term exchange program for students staying in Italy for one year. She also organized and managed several short-term exchange programs throughout Europe financed by the European Community (mainly through the Youth for Europe program).
After graduating from the University of Cagliari, in Sardinia, Italy, with a Master degree in Language Teaching Methodology and Linguistics, she won a scholarship to study at the Scuola di Specializzazione in Didattica della Lingua Italiana a Stranieri (School for the Teaching of Italian as a Second Language) at the Università per Stranieri di Siena. Her studies focused on the methodology of teaching Italian language and literature, Italian linguistics, semiotics, education, linguistic politics, and evaluation and language testing.
She offered Italian language and Culture courses in Siena and Paris between 2005 and 2007. She then moved to the US to work at the University of Massachusetts from September 2007 until May 2009. That same year she came to Chicago where she started her teaching experience at Loyola University where she continues to teach. In recent years, her main focus has been to encourage as many students as possible to pursue CILS Certification (Certificate of Italian as a Foreign Language) by the Università per Stranieri di Siena, Italy.
After 10 years of commitment to this program, she is a recognized expert in preparation of foreign students for CILS.
Courses by this teacher
Winter (1/24) 10-week Beginner A1.4 (Tuesdays, 5:30pm - 7:30pm) with Alessia (online) 11/06/2021
Winter (1/25) 10-week Beginner A1.4 (Wednesdays, 7:40pm - 9:40pm) with Alessia (online) 11/06/2021
Winter (1/26) 10-week Upper Intermediate B2.1 (Thursdays, 5:30pm - 7:30pm) with Alessia (in-person) 02/25/2022
Winter (1/28) 10-week Elementary A2.1 (Saturdays, 9:00am - 11:00am) with Alessia (online) 11/09/2021
For the latest news and updates
500 North Michigan Ave, Suite 1405
email us | map & directions
Upper Intermediate
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© 2023 IItalCultura Chicago. All Rights Reserved


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Llamanos: + 1 323 728 5500
Hon. William De La Peña
Hon. William De La Peña, M.D., Dr.h.c.
Professor of Ophthalmology, Founder and Medical Director De La Peña Eye Clinic, a Medical Group, Inc.
External Disease of the Eye
American School Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico, B.S., 1971
Autonomous University of Guadalajara, Mexico, M.D., 1975
University of California, Irvine, Rotating Internship, 1975-1977
University of California, Irvine, Ophthalmology, 1977-1980
Moorfields Eye Institute, University of London, England, Cornea and External Disease, 1980-1981
Louisiana State University, Cornea, 1981-1982
Ophthalmological Teaching
Practice Administration
Best student of graduating medical school class
Professor of Ophthalmology, Autonomous University of Guadalajara, Mexico
Doctor Honoris Causa, Autonomous University of Guadalajara, Mexico
Member of the Advisory Board, Autonomous University of Guadalajara, Mexico
Chairman and Honorary President – ALACCSA-R (Latin American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons)
Founder and president of the World Federation of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons
Medal of Honor SECOIR (Spanish Society of Cataract and Intraocular Lens Surgeons)
President of the Pan American Ophthalmology Foundation (PAOF)
Distinguished Service Medal Pan American Ophthalmology Foundation (PAOF)
The Pan American Ophthalmology Association Edward Maumenee Distinguished Service Award
Achievement Award American Academy of Ophtalmology
Regent, USUHS (Uniformed Services University for Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland appointed by President George W. Bush and confirmed by the US Senate)
Distinguished Service Medal, USUHS (Uniformed Services University for Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland)
Multiple Honorary memberships in Latin American Opthalmological Societies
Regent, University of California, appointed by Governor Schwarzenegger and confirmed by the California State Senate.
Awarded Regent Emeritus Title by the University of California.
Governor of the Los Alamos and Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, LLC.
President Professional Division US Soccer Federation
Board Member US Soccer Foundation
Special Representative of the United States to the United Nations
American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS)
Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology
Latin American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ALACCSA-R)


Extremely comfortable & well proportioned 3 bed end terraced property which offers well presented and arranged accommodation. Enjoys a good location with a pleasant aspect within this popular coastal village. Available with no onward chain.
Having been the subject of recent improvement the property offers light and airy accommodation which is complimented by 3 generous sized bedrooms. Outside the property benefits from a parking frontage for 2 cars together with the integrated garage and enclosed rear garden.
From the first floor some coastal views can be enjoyed together with glimpses of Westward Ho! and Saunton in the distance.
The property is pleasantly located within this popular village being not far from the quayside and local shops.
Appledore has historic traditions linked to the shipbuilding and fishing industries. There is an excellent choice of Public Houses/Restaurants, Maritime Museum and just a mile or so around the coast is the seaside resort of Westward Ho! with its long sandy beach and adjoining Championship Golf Course. The Port and Market town of Bideford is within 3 miles and there is easy access to the North Devon Link Road.
Properties such as these don't come to the market in Appledore that often so the agents recommend an early appointment to view.
SERVICES: All mains services. Gas fired central heating. Upvc double glazed windows.
DIRECTIONS TO FIND: From Bideford proceed towards Northam, Appledore and Westward Ho! and after passing the Durrant House Hotel on the right-hand side take the next principal turning right as signposted to Appledore. When reaching the top of the village, pass the turning to Staddon Road and take the next right into Richmond Green and the property will be found at the end of the close displaying its number and a BRIGHTS for sale board.
KITCHEN: 12'2" x 8'4" (3.71m x 2.54m) Upvc double glazed window with fitted roller blind and a most pleasant open aspect which includes Saunton in the far distance. Granite effect working surface, complimented by white wall tiling, with cupboards and drawers under together with electric Bush cooker and recess for washing machine. Recess for fridge/freezer. Range of matching wall cabinets. Built-in cupboard which houses Ideal Instinct combination gas boiler. Central heating radiator. Central retro styled ceiling light. Wood effect laminate flooring.
CONSERVATORY: 11' x 7'10" (3.35m x 2.39m) Upvc double glazed with tinted Polycarbonate roof. Upvc double glazed door to the garden. Newly laid carpet.
LANDING: Access hatch to loft space. Newly laid carpet.
BATHROOM: 9'4" x 5'10" (2.84m x 1.78m) Obscure upvc double glazed window. Full wall tiling with decorative relief and fitted wall mirror. Pedestal wash hand basin. Low level wc. Panelled bath with electric Triton shower over and side splashback screen. Newly laid carpet.
BEDROOM (front): 12'3" x 9'1" (3.73m x 2.77m) max. Upvc double glazed window which enjoys a terrific open coastal aspect with Saunton in the distance. Central heating radiator. Newly laid carpet.
BEDROOM: 16'2" x 9'2" (4.93m x 2.79m) Upvc double glazed window with an aspect of Westward Ho! in the distance. Central heating radiator. Newly laid carpet.
BEDROOM: 12'7" x 12'6" (3.84m x 3.81m) Upvc double glazed windows benefiting from a dual aspect and an aspect of of Westward Ho! Television point. Central heating radiator. Newly laid carpet.
INTEGRATED GARAGE: 16'5" x 8'11" (5m x 2.72m) Power and light connected. Up and over vehicular door. Pedestrian door connecting to the entrance hall.
Side pathway gives access to an enclosed rear garden being mainly lawned with paved patio area.


The Seven Baby Sling may be the easiest baby slings you'll ever use, especially for first-time parents. You simply fold the sling fabric into itself, creating the loop you'll need to stretch over your body and once you've made this large loop, you slip it on over your head like a sash and position your infant in the sling in a variety of different positions.
You can use the cradle carry position for babies from 0-4 months old, front carry from 2-8 months old, and the hip carry position for babies from six months old and up. The bottom line is that you'll be able to find the right position for your child, regardless of their size, proved of course that they're under 35 pounds. And even then, that means that the Seven Baby Slings carrier will be perfect for your child for a long time since not many parents will be too keen on carrying their 35-pound child in a sling anyway.
The sling itself is made from a comfortable and breathable 97% cotton and 3% lycra material, but you will need to choose which sling is best for you depending on your size. The slings range from sizes 1-9, or petite to 3X, which means that the carriers are meant to fit parents of varying sizes and can stretch to fit comfortably over most. And it's recommended that to find the perfect fit; it's best to size up. This will ensure that not only you are comfortable, but that your baby is comfortable and safe too.
On Amazon, the Seven Baby Sling Carrier is $23. Check out the latest price!
It can fit babies from infancy all the way up to 35 pounds or past eight months old.
The sling can also fit most parents, regardless of their sizes, since it comes in a variety of different size options.
There are some different patterns and prints to choose from as well, so you can pick and determine which carrier is best for you and your baby.
When taking the sling with you, it's compact enough to toss in a diaper bag or purse and slip on later.
For the most part, it provides a snug, but necessary fit, which will ensure that your baby is comfortable and that you won't have to worry about their safety while nestled in the sling against your body.
It's lightweight enough to wear for long periods of time on long walks or while your baby is napping.
Since it comes in different colors and patterns, you can buy multiple different slings and choose which one matches your outfit each day.
The different sizes ensure that you'll find the right sling to fit your body type.
The material itself is breathable and, for the most part, should keep both you and your baby from overheating.
At less than $24, the sling should be affordable for most families.
Although the carrier is designed for babies up to 35 pounds, it might feel too snug for babies of that size.
In some positions, the sling may not feel like it holds your baby as securely as it should.
For some younger or smaller babies, it may be difficult to get the sling to fit your infant correctly, even if it's the right size for you.
The Boba Wrap may not be a sling exactly, but its stretchy fabric and lightweight design are still comparable to the Seven Baby Sling. Getting the wrap fitted snugly on your body is fairly simple and once you tie it into place and get your baby fitted in it properly, you can easily slip the wrap on and off as you need to wear your baby in it against your body. Since the fabric itself is quite stretchy, you can be sure that you can even nurse your baby while wearing them in the wrap, much like you can do with the Seven Baby Sling.
You can also be completely hands-free while wearing the wrap, so you'll be free to move about and take care of different tasks while your baby is comfortably seated in the wrap carrier. It's made of 95% cotton and 5% spandex, which provides that great stretch, and can be used for babies up to 35 pounds, much like the Seven Baby Slings. For the most part, you'll need to wear it in the front carrying position and on Amazon, the Boba Wrap is $40. Check out the latest price!
The stretchy material will form around you and your baby as you wear him or her against your body.
It can be easily tied and then remain tied so you won't have to worry about doing it again each time you wear the wrap.
Thanks to its breathable fabric, you'll be able to wear it for long periods of time and pretty much anywhere without overheating.
Parents and caregivers of varying sizes can comfortably wear the wrap since it's so stretchy and comes in one size.
Some parents may not love that the wrap's fabric is quite long, so there can sometimes be a lot of fabric left over.
For smaller or younger babies, it can be difficult to properly position them in the wrap, much like with the Seven Baby Sling.
The process of actually wrapping and tying the wrap can be difficult to understand the first time around.
One of the best parts about the Moby Wrap Baby Carrier is the fact that it's made of 100% cotton, so you can be sure that it will be lightweight enough for wearing it for long periods of time. It's not only soft and lightweight, but it's also plenty durable for keeping your baby safe and snug.
The long fabric is meant to make it possible to fit four babies from preemie size to 35 pounds, which makes it possible for you to wear your baby as long as possible and continue with the bonding experience that babywearing provides. However, even though there is a lot of fabric involved, it's designed to be comfortable enough to make you want to wear it as often as possible rather than be put off by figuring out how to wrap and tie it.
On Amazon, the Moby Wrap Baby Carrier is $43. Check out the latest price!
Even though the material isn't as stretchy as that with other similar wraps and slings, that means that it should hold your infant more easily.
Caregivers of multiple different sizes should be able to fit the wrap.
The two panels of the top of the wrap help keep your infant's head snuggled and safely cradled while you wear it.
Compared to other wraps, the Moby is quite warm when wearing it for long periods of time.
Since there is so much fabric and it can be exceptionally long, it can be bothersome to travel with so much fabric.
It can be annoying to wrap it each time and get the hang of getting it securely fitted on your body.
With a sling carrier like the Baby K'tan Original Baby CarrierK'tan Original Baby Carrier, you almost have to have different sizes available and it does, including extra extra small-extra large. This makes it possible to fit the sling carrier on most body types and means a safer and more comfortable fit overall, for both you and your little one.
Regardless of which position you choose to wear your baby in, the carrier provides a healthy hip placement for their legs, which also ensures their overall comfort for short or long periods of time of wearing them.
As far as positions go, you can wear your baby in a newborn cradled position, inward facing, outward facing, cradled but sitting up, or on your hip. But no matter what, actually putting on the wrap sling carrier is a breeze since you slip it over your head each time.
That alone eliminated a big issue that most parents and caregivers have with different wraps or slings, which can be a pain to figure out. Plus, it's made from 100% cotton and on Amazon, the Baby K'tan Original Baby Carrier is $50. Check out the latest price!
It's easy to use and put on for pretty much anyone, even if you're not experienced in baby slings or wraps.
The different sizes that are offered means a proper fit of the carrier for both you and your baby.
With multiple positions, your growing baby can be worn against your body in a variety of different ways that are sure to keep him or her comfortable.
Some parents might find that after wearing the wrap for a while, they may feel a strain on their lower back, which can make wearing your baby an uncomfortable experience.
At $50, the wrap isn't exactly affordable for all families, especially if their little one ends up not taking a liking to it.
Though it's designed for newborn babies, the carrier may not feel like it fits smaller infants as snugly or properly as it should.
With the Cuby Breathable Baby Carrier, the name pretty much says it all. Made of nylon, the sling carrier is meant to be as breathable and cool as possible while allowing plenty of airflows and this is probably the best quality that it has.
However, it can also be worn in four different positions, which is a plus, including facing in, facing out, cradles on your hip, or sitting up on your hip. And you can also take comfort in the fact that, like so many other similar carriers, including the Seven Baby Sling, it can be used from birth to toddlerhood for your child.
If it does get wet or you or your baby sweats a little while wearing it, the fabric is meant to dry quickly, so you shouldn't be uncomfortable for long. It's also relatively simple to get your baby nestled into each different carrying position for their comfort and on Amazon, the Cuby Breathable Baby Carrier is $17. Check out the latest price!
At just $17, the carrier sling is plenty affordable, even more so than some other similar products.
It's sturdy enough for larger babies to feel comfortable in it and there are different positions to allow comfort and safety for toddlers.
Unlike some other similar slings, the Cuby can also be worn in water, which can be convenient when wearing your infant and caring for a toddler in a baby pool or sprinkler.
Some parents might not feel like their child is as secure since the fabric is so stretchy.
With larger toddlers, it can be unsafe to use the sling, since the fabric will start to pull from the ring and come undone.
It can be challenging to learn how to wear the sling and use each different carrying position properly.
When compared to some other slings, the Seven Baby Sling might not be the top of the line or the very best of the best, but it does get the job done for the most part. And since it's so affordable, it's easy to dismiss some of the less than desirable qualities that it has.
If you can get several months of use out of it, which you should be able to, then it is worth its cost, since it's so inexpensive. It's also made of a breathable material that most, if not all.
Parents and caregivers will appreciate since it's less likely to overheat you or your baby while wearing them in the sling. Granted, smaller babies may not be ready for the sling despite its claims of being suitable for babies ages zero months and up, but as your baby grows, you'll be able to get enough use out of the easy to use and lightweight sling.