text:
The UK's First F35B
Think Defence
A collection of media from today's handover
On July 19, 2012, the United Kingdom took delivery of its first F-35 Lightning II jet during a ceremony at Lockheed Martin in Fort Worth, Texas. The jet, BK-1, is an F-35B STOVL model.
On July 19, 2012, the United Kingdom took delivery of its first F-35 Lightning II jet during a ceremony at Lockheed Martin in Fort Worth, Texas. The jet, BK-1, is an F-35B STOVL model. Here Lockheed Martin Chairman and CEO Bob Stevens addresses the crowd.
On July 19, 2012, the United Kingdom took delivery of its first F-35 Lightning II jet during a ceremony at Lockheed Martin in Fort Worth, Texas. The jet, BK-1, is an F-35B STOVL model. Here Rt Hon Philip Hammond MP, UK Secretary of State for Defence, addresses the crowd.
On July 19, 2012, the United Kingdom took delivery of its first F-35 Lightning II jet during a ceremony at Lockheed Martin in Fort Worth, Texas. The jet, BK-1, is an F-35B STOVL model. Pictured is Vice Admiral David Venlet, F-35 Lightning II Program Executive Officer, handing the first UK F-35's log book to Air Member for Materiel and Chief of Materiel (Air) Air Marshal Sir Kevin Leeson.
On July 19, 2012, the United Kingdom took delivery of its first F-35 Lightning II jet during a ceremony at Lockheed Martin in Fort Worth, Texas. The jet, BK-1, is an F-35B STOVL model. Pictured (left to right): Robert Stevens, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Lockheed Martin; Frank Kendall, U.S. Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics; Sir George Zambellas, UK Fleet Commander and Deputy Chief of Naval Staff; Rt Hon Philip Hammond MP, UK Secretary of State for Defence; Larry Lawson, Executive Vice President, Lockheed Martin Corporation and President, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics company; Air Chief Marshal Sir Stephen Dalton, UK Chief of the Air Staff; Air Marshal Sir Kevin Leeson; Air Member for Materiel and Chief of Materiel (Air); Vice Admiral David Venlet, F-35 Lightning II Program Executive Officer; Tom Burbage, Executive Vice President and General Manager, F-35 JSF Program Integration
On July 19, 2012, the United Kingdom took delivery of its first F-35 Lightning II jet during a ceremony at Lockheed Martin in Fort Worth, Texas. The jet, BK-1, is an F-35B STOVL model. Here BK-1 takes off for its inaugural flight with a Royal Air Force pilot at the helm.
On July 19, 2012, the United Kingdom took delivery of its first F-35 Lightning II jet during a ceremony at Lockheed Martin in Fort Worth, Texas. The jet, BK-1, is an F-35B STOVL model. Here BK-1 makes its inaugural flight with a Royal Air Force pilot at the helm.
On July 19, 2012, the United Kingdom took delivery of its first F-35 Lightning II jet during a ceremony at Lockheed Martin in Fort Worth, Texas. The jet, BK-1, is an F-35B STOVL model. Here BK-1 makes its inaugural flight with a Royal Air Force pilot at the helm
And a video
And the press release
FORT WORTH, Texas, July 19, 2012 – The United Kingdom accepted the first international Lockheed Martin [NYSE: LMT] F-35 Lightning II aircraft in a ceremony today with senior representatives of the U.K. Ministry of Defence and the U.S. Department of Defense.
The Right Honourable Philip Hammond, U.K. Secretary of State for Defence, and Mr. Frank Kendall, U.S. Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics, represented their governments.
"We are here to celebrate an important 'first' among so many milestones associated with the F-35 program," said Bob Stevens, Lockheed Martin chairman and chief executive officer. "It's fitting that our first delivery to an international partner is to the United Kingdom, because without sustained British innovation over many generations, we would not have an event to celebrate today."
The U.K. was the first of eight international partners to join the F-35 program and plans to acquire the F-35B short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft.
Lockheed Martin is developing the F-35 with its principal industrial partners, Northrop Grumman and BAE Systems. Headquartered in the U.K., BAE Systems brings a rich heritage of capabilities to the F-35 program, including short takeoff and vertical landing experience, advanced lean manufacturing, flight testing and air systems sustainment, and is responsible for the F-35's aft fuselage, fuel system, crew escape and life support systems. The U.K. will play a vital role in the F-35's global production, follow-on development and sustainment over the next 40 years, bringing strong economic benefits to the country.
The F-35 Lightning II is a 5th Generation fighter, combining advanced stealth with fighter speed and agility, fully fused sensor information, network-enabled operations and advanced sustainment. Three distinct variants of the F-35 will replace the A-10 and F-16 for the U.S. Air Force, the F/A-18 for the U.S. Navy, the F/A-18 and AV8-B Harrier for the U.S. Marine Corps, and a variety of fighters for at least 10 other countries.
Headquartered in Bethesda, Md., Lockheed Martin is a global security and aerospace company that employs about 120,000 people worldwide and is principally engaged in the research, design, development, manufacture, integration and sustainment of advanced technology systems, products and services. The corporation's net sales for 2011 were $46.5 billion.
Read more at BAE
And another video
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Have to say the pictures look pretty gd especially the first one they do they PR well over there.
As TD has produced this post I will put this link here to apparently our first 3 jets have cost use just under £300m and most likely now to be based at RAF Marham.
http://www.defensenews.com/article/20120719/DEFREG01/307190001/U-K-Order-First-Production-F-35-Training?odyssey=tab|topnews|text|FRONTPAGE
Agreed. That first pic is rather menacing.
When is it coming over?
Is it a true production model?
What are its capabilities – in terms of systems and weapons?
Will we try it off Lusty?
If we get them at the £100m mark they're a bargain!
Burger King One.
Sweet we finally have one.
What is happening with the C model we ordered before we re-realised our strategic aspirations (ie, changed our minds)?
Turns out we never actually order a F35c version. It was only proposed and the us agreed in principle to swap one over we changed are mind before putting our money on the table.
Simon it or any of the first 3 will never leave the US it will stay there for test and training. Think lrip 3 onwards are all production standard though the shedule been re done so many times I've lost count.
@ Mark
Re the first three, I think the plan is now to move them to California at Edwards at some stage, I think they will form a TES with shared arragements with the USAF Sqns that will be stationed there eventually. Nice posting if you can get it :)
So does that mean we're not likely to be able to test it off Lusty?
I just think it would be a welcome sight and a great handover to the new era seeing an F35B launch and land on our old carriers ;-)
Cheers at least it will guarentee proper summer weather all year round!! Unlike our excuse for one
Lusty could always sail to Florida but I doubt it very much
mmoomin
@Simon not much real point really though given you'd have to get the jet to Lusty or vice versa and then it wouldn't be much use without the concept of operations being sorted, being only one jet and the weapons integration only just starting. Lots of needless expense just to have to do it all again when QE has come out of sea trials and is ready for deck testing to begin.
Plus I suspect the jet really is going to get used for training our ground crews and logistics guys and proper flying won't start until all three jets are available and a cadre of trained 'ground crew' exist.
All year round good weather and close to NTTR makes it a good choice, well it was first choice last time I checked anyway.
How many hundreds of back orders left to fill? :)
Mycoman
When did we start marking roundels on only one wing, a la USAF? That said, liking the low viz scheme.
I don't mind the roundels, it's the words "shoot here" in the middle that bugs me. :)
The Mintcake Maker
@ Simon/all
I can't remember now where I've read it but, the first 3 are to stay in the US for testing/training/evaluation. The fourth F-35b we ordered this year will be the first one delivered to the UK in around 2015, I think?, so by the time QE is completed and starts her sea trials we should have a couple over here ready to test deck systems/deck handling around 2018.
That said QE is supposed to be structurally complete by the end of 2013 so it's possible that in 2015 just before the election we could see a nice bit off PR with QE starting her trails and the UK's only F-35 taking off from her for the press or am I just being Mr cynical?
Not roundels, it should be marked with £££ signs, with the subtext "total waste of cash" also picked out in dark grey on light grey lettering. Also "could have been a proper marinised WAH-64D, and lots of them, which would have been more useful" somewhere else on the fuselage.
Not a Boffin
If I've got this right, the three that we have bought thus far are operational test and evaluation cabs. That means they will at first sit in the states and help fill in the dots in the test programme. Whether they actually become part of the operational fleet some years from now is another question.
They / it will not fly off Lusty. Insufficient MPa in the flightdeck structure……
Reading defensenews.com, the first production model Lightning for the UK (the fourth aircraft) is scheduled for 2015-16.
All Politicians are the Same
RT Saving the utility argument for the inevitable moving forward thread. Surely rather than attempting to marinise Apache we could just buy this baby off the shelf. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_AH-1Z_Viper
The first six UK aircraft are to remain in the US for training. What's not clear is this six production standard aircraft or the three operational test and evaluation plus three production standard.
well, its something – something physical to all that money and time and embarassment.
Good to see Hackett on the team (BBC report), good bloke.
I really do hope we form an OCU in the US proper – just like every other country ordering the type – RAF and RN could use the facilities and mass of experience at a lesser cost/airframes… RN can stream onto USMC carrier qualls as well.
Interesting to see they have developed a carrier ramp over there as well.
long way to go, but a tinge of pride seeing one with the union flag there.
RT –
our apaches may be more properly marinised during their intended upgrade; would be interesting to see where they place the planned float-bags…apache with arm-bands!
@ Mike
The plan is to have the OCU in the UK, it will be the TES (OEU) that will be in the US.
Think this maybe the report mike was referring to.
Dispite some factual issues in the journo written piece the two videos offer a bit of insight. We will have a/c number 2 next month.
Loon Pants
Ooh, look. CM(A) is a kevin called Kevin – James should be in fits! :-) Also, BK-1 took off with an RAF pilot "at the Helm"? Really? I thought the RAF were always "at the controls". I find it hard to visualise a sqn ldr or PO with a tiller in his hands!
Chris.B.
"I find it hard to visualise a sqn ldr or PO with a tiller in his hands!"
Well it does say on their website about being an 'Agile, Adaptable' air force ;)
Reply to Chris.B.
Just added another video
SomewhatInvolved
Mike, are they seriously planning on putting float bags on the Apache? Hope they work better than those on Lynx! Not many successful float bag deployments in that programme's history. Anyway, with all that weight up top the thing will be over in no time at all – hope they work upside down!
The jet looks good – should bloody well hope so considering the cost. Chunky bugger isn't it?
@ All?
With regards to the "first" 48 we are ordering, does this start with BK-4 we are ordering next year or not?
Also has anybody heard anything about potential Squadrons assigned to the F-35b? I ask because 1 Sqn was a Harrier squadron and is now standing up with Typhoon? I'd assume 617 would be a safe bet, because if you asked joe public to name an RAF squadron you can bet the Dambusters will be up there in the top answers.
As for FAA squadron(s), everybody seems to think it will be 800/801 (if 2 FAA squadrons are eventually stood up) which I think is rather dull. What do people think of the chances that we may get an FAA squadron labelled as 809NAS (fitting as its phoenix badge symbolises the return to carrier aviation after the hiatus) or 892NAS (motto: strike unseen – very appt for a "stealth" aircraft)?
"Mike, are they seriously planning on putting float bags on the Apache?"
Well it has to be for a full marinisation/safety (its already 'readied' to stand a few days of ops) – its weight already means that if it crash lands on the water the crew stand little chance, I've been told that escape from its cockpit underwater/in immersion is a major concern of the AAC. The floats will be for 'a few mins to GTFO' (maybe just one under the forward 'fuse) – but its a serious requirement for more substanctial ops from sea, which is something we should fully exploit post afghan.
As with sqn's, Mintcakc Maker, Combat experience and period active (front line) is also a big contributor to sqn placement (for RAF, not sure re FAA).
@ Loon Pants,
They are all called Kevin, and if they are not, they all still think, sound and act like a Kevin from some low grade suburb who has spent too much time on the X-Box (currently banned in the RT household after a not-cleaning-up-their-bedrooms mutiny by the juniors: they are going to discover that my patience is infinitely longer than theirs'). Also, the lardy spendy jet is called BK-1, which surely stands for "British Kevin 1".
I once did not buy a car because it had on the number plate "KEV". It would have been too shameful.
Reply to Red Trousers
Anyone fancy a laugh
https://www.thinkdefence.co.uk/2012/05/a-conversation-with-the-phoenix-think-tank/
Skip to the end
@Somewhat and @RT
Must say I'm quite impresses with the Marine's Viper despite marinisation. Below is the response to a parliamentary question.
"While not originally designed as a maritime helicopter, the Ministry of Defence (MOD) has modified and cleared the Apache to support operations from the maritime environment as demonstrated from HMS Ocean on Operation Ellamy. The modifications included wet-sealing the aircraft to resist corrosion and modifying the windscreen wipers to include a solution to disperse sea spray. We are also currently in an assessment phase to fit flotation equipment to increase safety when operating over water.
The Apache is currently armed with variants of the Hellfire missile which are due to go out of service in 2021-22. The MOD will look at various options as a replacement to this capability. The successor to Brimstone, the 50kg class Spear Capability 2 Block 3 missile, will be one of the options considered as a replacement."
Opinion3, Or we could just buy whatever the US are going to replace hell fire with on their Apaches?
@Mintcake Maker
Absolutely with you – 809 and 892 make a nice change from 800 & 801.
@RT – what's wrong with coming from the 'burbs…?
you can't go for a run on your own land, there's all sorts of jobsworths who will stop a young man from developing his woodcraft and anti-wood pigeon sniping skills with an illegally enhanced air rifle in the municipal park, there are not very many old people around who can show you how to dress said dead wood pigeon and fry with wild garlic on a woodland fire, there are not very many rabbits to trap and also eat, and to boot if you live in a semi, you have to put up with the neighbours' nocturnal habits (I had a girlfriend once in a semi – beats me how she stayed in the house when next door was like a war zone).
Apart from that, very little. Oh, you can't have your favourite old troop Sergeant's young son (last seen at age 5, now a strapping 25 year old with his own family) come to take his kids camping and to learn to pick the gooseberry bushes, and lend him a thirty year old illegal air rifle for his week's stay on the edge of the wood so that he too can teach his kids about shooting some wood pigeon).
@APATS
Indeed, although I understand the Spear Cap2 Blk3 is being developed as an updated Brimstone for our jets Tornado; Typhoon; and F35. The USAF is apparently interested and asking about its capabilities and development plan.
One of the Spear objectives was to develop an indigenous/Euro missile industry, so I reckon they will lose the Hellfire. The Brimstones seem to be being developed into everything short of a shoulder launched missile. It looks like the US's replacement, the JAGM, is a long way off fruition and given their cuts have yet to come and they have large stocks of hellfire, maverick etc it might well keep getting delayed. If our programmes go to plan we should have a good missile for a lot less than a US equivalent.
Article is here :http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/joint-common-missile-program-fired-but-not-forgotten-0229/
Opinion 3, "If our programmes go to plan we should have a good missile for a lot less than a US equivalent'. Well I suppose a pan European project must create something other than jobs for the boys eventually.
ArmChairCivvy
As you have to bring everyone inside a big tent, it is easy to forget (because of the naming convention) that Spear 1 & 2 are effectively Brimstone enhancements, whereas the 3 is a slimmed down SS
RIP Lt Alfred Henry Templeman-Lorraine Yates-Speer RFC. Great Uncle Harry, shot down today 96 years ago over the Somme battlefield. Buried in London Cemetery, Neuville-Vitasse.
@RT – All good skills to fly a £100m stealth fighter I am sure!
I hope you are being tongue in cheek – so difficult to tell on the net. I've always enjoyed your posts and amusing asides, but there are about 100 people who live the way you describe now and it was always a bit of mythical golden age. I am sure most of the servicemen in the last two worldwars came from towns and cities and not the countryside.
Mind you, the way the army is being cut, maybe you'll only need those 100 people from the landed gentry!
Ultimately it should not matter if your name is Tarquin or Kevin, George or James*, if you have the intelligence and potential, one's background or the geography you grew up in should not matter a jot. All the skills you mentioned are teachable at any age.
* I Do draw the line at Wayne though!
PS – All due respect to your Great Uncle Harry.
@RT again – sorry – I just remembered you saying that the only things you were serious about were Sex, Recce and UAVs, so I probably shouldn't have risen to your outrageous comments! ;-)
not that mythical at all ("golden age"), and while you certainly do have a larger social point, it is not exclusively enduring. One of my best Troopers – he was years later the RSM – was a country boy from Shropshire who grew up on a farm. He just knew how to move about the countryside quietly and unobtrusively – I did not have to train him. He and I borrowed for a few hours a couple of ponies to do a recce on an exchange exercise with the Italian army near to Udine, and his riding was more than competent. We did ask the owner, BTW, and left her 200 duty free cigarettes in payment.
I do regret that young children today seem to be alienated from the natural world around them. I teach my two all that I know, but I'm lucky in that I have some land. But that should be no barrier – you can teach your child about fire-starting and shelter in a suburban back garden, and there are millions of miles of footpaths and public access roaming land where you can teach proper navigation, camping out*** and so on.
*** Yes I know that it's technically against the law, but let's face it law is a guidance for wise men, and the obedience of fools. Get 100 metres off a footpath and no one's going to find you, and if they do, in addition to being moved on, you'll need to reflect on what gave you away and use it as a learning point.
El Sid
@ACC
You're mixing up your blocks and Capabilities. The different blocks of Spear Capability 2 are the developments of current Brimstone, the shorter-range anti-tank/FAC weapon. Spear Capability 3 is the 100km-range missile, but is not the same as Capability 2 Block 3.
The success of Brimstone is in marked contrast to the US' efforts in small anti-surface missiles, what with JCM cancelled, JAGM nearly cancelled (instead booted into long grass) and NLOS cancelled. SDB-II seeker mated to Hellfire seems their most likely option now. I thought it was interesting Bob Work commenting on ID recently, in a thread on the LCS that
"If we want an over the horizon stick, Harpoon probably the most cost effective option right now, with the new offensive ASuW missile in trail.
Right now, long-range engagement weapon remains armed helo with Hellfire, soon to be replaced by the digital rocket launcher armed with APKWS followed by LOGIR.
Mid-range engagement weapon probably Griffin (spiral I), ER Griffin-like weapon with fire and forget seeker (spiral II), horizon range fire and forget weapon (spiral III).
Outer ship engagement zone: 57 mm with 3P ammo
Inner ship engagement zone: 30 mm
RAM/SeaRAM for ASCM self defense.
Can add Harpoon and RAM HAS if necessary. "
Spot any similarities between "Griffin spiral II" and MBDA's recent rush to prove up surface-launched Sea Brimstone? :-)
PS Is it any wonder that the F-35 has problems, when they put a Vice Admiral in charge of building a plane? :-)
[Yep, I know, Venlet has a distinguished career on Tomcats including a DFC and Top Gun instructor. Still doesn't look right though.]
Thanks El Sid, with such naming convention, easily done.
BTW, did they not fire the airforce general and had to to get an admiral instead (for the programme)?
@El Sid
The Spear program certainly appears to be well thought through and working. Well done MBDA (not to be mistaken with MBNA who should be taken down with a missile). These developments really don't seem to be fantasy land. Although I recollect the plan overlooks one significant capability ….. I can't remember what at the moment but I think it might be antisub.
Still not convinced that F35Bs should end up with the RAF, surely if Marham is going to get planes then As or Cs would be better. (Cs 'cos we could refuel them!!). The FAA need to get on with the jobs without RAF interference, give them MPA and F35Bs and they'll look after the Nation and kit, the boys in light blue might or might not.
@RT – You make some valid points old chap, and I agree that someone brought up in the country is going to make a better recce trooper than some brought up in Toxteth or Brixton. Outdoor skills are important, and what meagre knowledge (having been brought up in the 'burbs too, in case you haven't already guessed) I have I will pass on to my young 'un, but I daresay he'll learn more when I pack him off to the Cadets!
The only point I was making was that those skills are not the same as those required to be Fighter pilor or a ship's commander.
Sorry everyone else – we are probably just a little bit off the thread. I'll shut up now.
RT, if I ever get to meet I will happily buy you a drink – I am sure you have plenty more tales to tell. :-)
@ Opinion 3 – Tend to agree, they should be based at Yeovilton and let the FAA get on with it and get up to strength. Only then do the RAF get a sniff.
here you go, to pass on to your young one. This will work in suburbia.
Kill one wood pigeon (not the scraggly sort of town pigeon).
Pull off the feathers from both sides of the breast, from collared neck down to where the body stops being fleshy. Leave the rest – of no use to you.
Take the very sharp pocket knife every boy should always carry and slice off the breasts.
Fry in very shallow oil for one minute on the bone side, then 2 minutes on the skin side. Garlic is good, but not essential. Slice into strips and make 2 sandwiches. More than enough calories to last you all day, and truly delicious.
(If you are organised, it is possible to do all of this and be eating your sandwich less than 5 minutes after the bird was flying about innocently)
above also works – unsurprisingly – with pheasant, duck and chicken, albeit with longer cooking times. Those birds are also easy to acquire, although Joe Public might take more notice and it may involve some poaching. Best to slice the duck breasts into two (horizontally), as they are quite thick.
If you bash up the carcase a bit and leave it in a heap surrounded by feathers it only looks like a fox got the bird. Or bury it.
@rt
James, thanks for the culinary tips, will help with the summer holiday activities!
All tips gratefully accepted!
get him to make some feathersticks – very very useful little skill (actually, not hard at all). You can do it with just about any twig or small branch that is not soaking wet, and with most things from a sharp blade to the knapped edge of a flint. Watch his eyes light up as he makes a proper fire in less than 2 minutes with what he finds about him on the woodland floor.
Then introduce him to the covert cooker. Two holes each about 12 inches wide and 18 inches deep, next to each other. Carefully make a little fist-sized tunnel between them as deep as you can get. Half fill one with wood for burning, leave the other empty. Get the fire going and you'll have a roaring little fire to cook your brew and supper upon that won't show a glow or give your position away.
Tell him to steal some of his mother's cotton balls or cotton pads for removing the makeup. Nearly the best firestarter going. When he's old enough, introduce him to tampons as being even better fire starters.
If he has been seriously good with passing exams, buy him one of these. UK street legal, it will last him a lifetime: http://edenwebshops.co.uk/en/pt/-fallkniven-sk3-juni.htm#tabbutton1 (I've still got mine – not a Fallkniven, but similar) that my old man gave me when I was 9. Never leaves my pocket, goes everywhere.
Second UK F35B takes off.
http://www.codeonemagazine.com/f35_news_item.html?item_id=763
Mr.fred
Red Trousers,
The knife linked to is a fixed blade – i.e. not "UK street legal" in the sense of being able to carry it about day-to day. General carry is limited to 3″ long and a folding (not locking) blade. If you have a lawful reason to carry a fixed blade about then it's fine, but for general carry plod will look upon it most askance.
From memory, the only things that are flat-out illegal are butterfly knives, spring or gravity-operated folders or concealed knives (sword-sticks and the like)
If you are looking at a fixed blade, as a starting knife I would recommend one of these:
http://www.woodsmithstore.co.uk/shop/Products/Tools/Knives/Gerneral+Duty+Knives/Product/Mora+of+Sweden+840+Companion+MG+Carbon/
For a cheap (but decent) folding knife Opinels are pretty good, but the blades are pretty thin and tend to have locks on them.
Mr Fred,
I was unaware of the "fixed" aspect not being legal – I thought it was only the length of blade that mattered as less than three inches.
Folding and, critically, not locking. The 1988 Criminal Justice Act notes:
"This section applies to a folding pocketknife if the cutting edge of its blade exceeds 3 inches."
A couple of later court cases have set precedent that a locking blade counts as a fixed blade in the eyes of the law.
Thanks Mr Fred, looks like George's son had better go for a folding blade. I'm sure there's some reasonable ones around. I'll carry on taking my chances – my little (fixed) blade knife has been with me for 38 years every day.
All good stuff – thanks chaps.
"I do regret that young children today seem to be alienated from the natural world around them."
Not to derail the thread but please this is the usual Daily Mail type rubbish. If you have not yet, do read The People's War where evacuee children flood into the country not knowing what a cow is or the difference between a pig and a sheep.
And it also describes the kids who used to take shits in the corner of the house as thats how they lived in the slums in the east end and kids sewn into their clothes and evacuee mothers handing over their kids to the hosts and going on the piss.
The past, was not a better place.
you appear to think that at some point I said "become" or became", as though there is a retrograde process going on. I don't for a moment think that kids from a Glasgow tenement or a Cheltenham suburb in 1940 were that wired into the natural world. Their country cousins probably weren't that wired into the modern town or city world, either.
What does seem to me to be happening is that country children seem quite clued up and wise on modern urban things (and why not – cars and ubiquitous TV etc), but city and town kids seem like Bambi when you put them in the country. We had several of my daughter's school friends come to spend a weekend with us. Not one of them could tell north in either day or night, none had a clue about weather patterns or could tell rainy clouds from ignorable clouds, none wanted to drink woodland tea or to skin the rabbits I trapped (although they did all eat some of them), most shied away from converting brambles into lashings for our raft competition. Thank God my daughter was able to show them how. She's now nicknamed "Ninja" by her friends which pleases both her and me, but really, it's all pretty basic stuff.
"Not one of them could tell north in either day or night, none had a clue about weather patterns or could tell rainy clouds from ignorable clouds, none wanted to drink woodland tea or to skin the rabbits I trapped (although they did all eat some of them), most shied away from converting brambles into lashings for our raft competition. Thank God my daughter was able to show them how. She's now nicknamed "Ninja" by her friends which pleases both her and me, but really, it's all pretty basic stuff."
To be fair though, these are not exactly priority skills for modern kids. Maybe if there is some form of Zombie Apocalypse then I'll end up taking that statement back, but right now?
@ Chris B,
well, those are skills I'd value more than some nonsense about Justin Bieber.
Had an odd experience on the M3 a couple of enters ago. Sudden snowstorm, and there's about 1000 cars stuck between Junctions 7 and 8 around Basingstoke. We we there all night.
Very few had water in their cars, although that was not such a problem with the snow. No one appeared to have any dry food in the glovebox, and when I got a fire going on the hard shoulder the first reaction was from a job's worth who worried about setting the woods alight (as if). Several cars ran out of fuel due to having the engines on all night. Not many people had proper boots and so were hopping about in wet leather shoes. Only a few among us had shovels to dig snow away from the wheels, so come morning when a snowplough and gritter had made a track way, lots of cars still could not move. I'd had quite a comfortable night lying on an old piece of carpet I keep in my car and in a small snow shelter I dug in the wood. I don't think anyone I saw in the locality apart from me was able to wash and shave in the morning.
Completely pathetic performance from the British public, all because of about 6 inches of snow in Basingstoke, which is hardly Siberia.
"winters", not "enters". Ruddy spell check thinks it knows better than me.
RT,
I've read books-and-books on survival (the basics) and still failed to be even slightly prepared for being stranded on the M11 a few years ago.
Even though I carry a little survival kit with me every time I'm "out in the wilds" – weird how you get caught short.
I've kept a sleeping bag in the boot ever since!
Sorry to hear about the knife thing. I guess that's why I get looked at with my Bowie knife strapped to my thigh when I'm in the West Country. They smile, though, when I cut the brambles and hedges back to get through when the path is overgrown! Health and Safety – pah! Now, I just keep a "proper" knife in my pack for emergencies and use the old Swiss Army most of the time… just try knocking a fish out with one, or gutting it so that you can take it home in your bag – next to impossible!
Simon,
I must say, I was unaware of the "knife thing" (i.e. got to be folding) until Mr Fred pointed it out. Though mine is never on public display – that's asking for trouble. Trick in life is to slip through unobtrusively.
Never had too much luck with fish – caught a few, but not lots. Rabbits are much easier.
Good stuff with the sleeping bag in the boot. I have some old carpet, but I'm a bit odd in not liking sleeping bags. I also now carry a spare business shirt still in the original packaging, after my M3 overnight when I had to recycle the day before shirt, and to be honest it had lost some crispness. Grollies and socks can be turned inside out, so not such a worry there.
if you've got £17 going spare, a Bahco Laplander folding saw is the dog's nuts for creating some firewood.
Hmmm, that Bahco Laplander looks much more legal. I may well buy said item. Thanks for the pointer.
Just ordered one from Amazon today, thanks for that
lots of videos on you tube about how to make an alcohol stove from a coke can (well 2 really) I made one when i was bored one weekend it was good fun.
Thanks Paul G, brought some memories back.
We used to use full sized coke cans, buried up to half way for some stability, and 3/4 full of petrol. 20 or so holes punched through the upper slopey "shoulder" of the can for the jets with a pointy screwdriver. Dig a circular hole 18 inches deep and then semi bury the coke can at the bottom of that and you've got enough fuel to cook a meal and boil a brew without anyone noticing visually, but it can get a bit whiffy with petrol fumes. That special burning alcohol is I suspect odourless.
Nivea tins work as well, enough fuel for a hot brew. I might buy my kids one of those metal 58 pattern mugs which you can cook / boil directly in (I think they are called Crusader? – came in after I pushed off so I never got issued with one). Silvermans and the usual suspects sell them for less than £20. Looks like a good little system with a 58 pattern water bottle and pouch, neatly contained on your belt with a litre of water as well.
I always steal those little individual coffee sachets from the room in the cheap little chain hotels my company insists are adequate for business use. Ideal when you are out on a bit of a wander, although I prefer my coffee not to smell and taste of petrol so build a little wood fire. I've got a metal mug (normal shape) that sits well on a fire for boiling, and a piece of muslin stretched over the top and held in place with a thickish rubber band acts as a lid to hold in the sachets and milk pots, and as an emergency filter for stream water.
We used to make a shoe polish stove – I guess similar to RT's Nivea stove, except you roll a 1/2″ strip of corrugated paper into a spiral, shove it in the tin and then melt a couple of candles into and over the paper. A little blacker smoke than the stove mentioned above ;-) but utterly brilliant for cooking a tin of beans and a brew.
A damn sight safer for your kids to try than petrol too :-)
if it's a metal mug, don't forget a strip of black nasty (duct tape to normal people) stops you burning you lip on the hot metal, eh eh down there for dancing, up here for thinking!!! BTW google bio-lite stove, what a cracking little thing
nah, i'm a good bloke here's a link
http://biolitestove.com/
Reply to paul g
@ Paul G,
I am numb-plussed by the idea of a small camping wood burning stove with an integrated USB port for charging your mobile phone or iPod. Possibly, the idea is genius, but I am clearly not the man to sell it and make millions for the patent-owner. The idea just seems so alien to me. I must be getting old and out of touch. My daughter would immediately think it is a brilliant idea, but then she's never had to carry unnecessary kit through the woods.
It does also seem to be a bit large for a belt-order survival pack, and nor do I think that iTunes forms part of the E&E kit. Christ on a bike, my E&E kit was in a 58 pattern water bottle pouch, and I could live for weeks on that.***
*** My SSM disapproved hugely of me allowing my Troop to customise our web gear, instead of the insane packing list he published for the full CEFO. After I'd been a Troop Leader for a year, I walked into his office (closed the door behind me) and told him to sod off – it was my Troop, my boys and his ideas were from antiquity. He left me alone after that, particularly when my Troop won our Regimental Cup for best Troop. We used to cut about with 2 pouches only – water bottle, and E&E gear. SMG magazines were stuffed into our smocks. I also bought all of the boys a decent knife – the one piece of kit you can't really do without.
WiseApe
Just to bring you back to the point of the post – do these 3 plus the one on order count towards our total of 48? Is 48 enough to equip 2 carriers concurrently, even with only 12 embarked? Is the plan still to share between RN and RAF?
Jeremy M H
Reply to WiseApe
Honestly if they are just buying 48 doesn't it make the most sense to allocate all of them to the Fleet Air Arm and then have the RAF be an all Eurofighter force until it makes the switch to F-35A down the road? I don't see any benefit to splitting the F-35B force at all. You can always land base them easily enough if necessary and use FAA pilots.
The F-35B force mixed with an eventual F-35A(or whatever the newest variant is in 2025-35 range) for the RAF to replace the Eurofighters make the most sense to me honestly. You can always accelerate the F-35A buy since production should be pretty high if you need them sooner due to a changing environment as well.
We are also supposed to be supplying six aircraft to the joint training squadron/wing in the USA. So that drops the total available down to 42. One carriers worth with attrition spares?
@Jeremy M H – Yes to all-Typhoon RAF, always seemed daft to upgrade T1s then sell/scrap them as soon as T3s arrived, so total force ought to be circa 160 Typhoons. Suspect only T3s will get AESA etc upgrades though to save money. Of course it makes sense to give all F35Bs to FAA – so not likely then!
If I'm interpreting Hammond correctly the eventual F35A buy will not replace Typhoon 1-4-1, but at least we'll be buying a mature aircraft in high rate production, rather than an immature aircraft in low rate production = risky and pricey.
But what is now RAF's Tornado replacement strike aircraft? Typhoon with conformal tanks? Or lion's share of F35B buy? Strike UCAV may also be around in 2025-35 timeframe. Of course, if we'd stuck with cats and traps we'd be buying Cs for both forces!
'But what is now RAF's Tornado replacement strike aircraft?'.
That's the problem isn't it. Under current plans the FAA and RAF will be sharing 48 Lightning B for the foreseeable future, and I wouldn't mind betting that Tornado is run down pretty fast as they come in-to service.
As Jim said 48 is enough to do 1 carrier's worth of jets with spares, or alternatively at a push it could be a half decent strike platform for RAF, but it can't do both!
Trying to accomplish both tasks simultaneously with only 48 aircraft will provide capabilities in a fairly watered down and feeble state.
You could counter argue by mentioning UCAV'S and additional Lightning's, but who know's when they will be available or has any clue how many we will be able to afford.
I agree, at least on paper, that an all Typhoon RAF is a good idea. Give them conformal tanks and mature the combat systems and you have a pretty amazing (plus crucially flexible) platform.
Couple that with a FAA in sole possession of the F35B (as Jeremy says operating them from land in a pinch would be easy) and the prospect of a proven, full production F35A replacing Typhoon down the line and I reckon you have a winning formula!
Challenger, Makes sense my only question would be that we are going to buy far lee B variants than we would have C. Is it worth buying A earlier to take up the slack as Tornado goes out of service and gradually replacing Typhoon with A over a longer period with Typhoon continuing as an air superiority fighter and F35A and B providing strike capability.
Then over x number of years the number of A variants grows as Typhoon numbers fall, ending up with an entire manned fleet of A and B F35.
Typhoon is swing-role. Why would you need to replace it with a strike fighter?
Reply to Mr.fred
The Typhoon is a pretty limited aircraft in Air to Ground roles even now. It really depends on how much of the Air to Ground program really ends up getting done before you can bet on it being your premier strike fighter. Right now it basically does LGB's and I think GPS stuff is coming in the future. Standoff weapons are a bit down the road yet. Even then it will never be a first day of war type craft, except as a cruise missile bus (not that Tornado was either anymore).
I think what you highlighted earlier is an interesting consideration within this strand of thought.
If you give the FAA sole access and control to the 48 Lightning B then it means you won't want to procure any-more and something else needs to slot in-to the RAF inventory to fill the strike role.
I tend to agree that the best course of action is probably to maximise the use of Typhoon (decent numbers, conformal tanks, an advanced air to ground programme) and then once the RN buy is out of the way look at what comes next.
Id have no problem with a gradual introduction of Lightning A as a replacement, perhaps a chunk at a time to spread out the cost and provide a smooth changeover.
Reply to Jeremy M H
Typhoon is as capable A2G as the money for it. It can be an interceptor or a bomb truck while the F35 is primarily a bomb truck.
I do not subscribe to the logic of going to a one-type fleet for a capability that needs a certain amount of redundancy.
Another Hammond speech which raises more questions than it provides answers (can I nominate this guy for rendition and waterboarding) – what is meant by "split buy," purely numerical i.e. 48 Bs now, more later; or Bs now, As later? Or 1st buy for RN (their need more urgent), then 2nd buy for RAF, but what type? He gives us so much to talk about, I wonder…has anyone ever seen him in the same room as Think Defence? Unmasked!
@WiseApe i would think split numbers. That would make the most of sense since the f35 will be operated by both operated by both the raf and navy. The a version is an option for the future b is the here and now.
It's being reported this morning that Hammond said the 48 F35Bs were for our aircraft carriers – if true this indicates a RN only buy, but Hammond's statements in the past have proven to be rather imprecise – I don't mean untrue, just open to interpretation.
So is 48 the definite number for the initial Lightning buy? If that's the case then I hope for the sake of sense they are primarily used to get carrier ops off the ground.
Let the RAF concentrate on Typhoon and get a follow up buy of additional jets later on. Keeping a reduced 40-60 force of Tornado until the mid 2020's would help ease the burden, although I bet they ditch the entire fleet as soon as a sizeable amount of Lightning's come in-to service.
the number bought might be who will be the operators isn't.
Reply to Challenger
It is not that straight forward " Keeping a reduced 40-60 force of Tornado until the mid 2020′s would help ease the burden, although I bet they ditch the entire fleet as soon as a sizeable amount of Lightning's come in-to service."…I mean the ditching part
– SS will continue to be the main stand off weapon for a while
– "B"s have a problem bringing any back
– conformals for Tiffies have not been funded (you may have implicitly thought that this investment is slotted in to save on operating two, rather than three, fast jet types?)
Reply to ArmChairCivvy
Fair enough, yeah I did assume that the money would be slotted in to push through SS and conformal tanks for Typhoon as quickly as possible in order to ditch the third jet type as soon as possible.
So are you saying that we will in fact see Tornado in service for a bit longer than some have speculated?
Just read the Hammond statement, exciting stuff!
Reply to topman
@ challenger RE " did assume that the money would be slotted in to push through SS and conformal tanks for Typhoon as quickly as possible in order to ditch the third jet type as soon as possible.
– yeah (1): that would be a reasonable assumption, but no sign of it… is it because the Tiffies are subject to so many upgrade programmes that for us common folks there is no visibility of the pipeline further out?
– yeah (2): not quite out to 2030 like the Germans, but half way through the '20s?
48 seems to be a magical number in many ways
– one of our commentators closer to the RAF than the rest of us advised that the upgrades to the "last" 96 Tornados have not started yet (but have been funded at least since two years now)
– if the 48 Bs are now "hard" information, with hard dates as well, why bother?
– cut that fleet to half (48) as well and use the rest of the Tornado fleet for training, to spread the airframe hours ( a bit like T1 Tiffies)
Is there really any point in conformals for Typhoon now we're getting Voyager?
As you say, if SS and Paveway IV are planned then is there really any necessity for much else on Typhoon? Don't see the point in Brimstone for example.
All this being… as long as we've got a squadron or two of F35B for "specials" and CAS. One squadron for FAA, one for RAF and then double up later?
Simon, heard the joke about the stealthy jet that is easy to tell on the radar because of the fleet of the tankers trailing?
RE " if SS and Paveway IV are planned then is there really any necessity for much else on Typhoon? Don't see the point in Brimstone for example."
– it is as easy as 1,2,3 (SPEAR)
– won't attempt the blocks and capabilities again, but in the end we will have much improved Brimstones (they are good even now)and miniaturised SSs (well, much smaller anyway, may be even fit into a B)
While all that is happening, PW IV will be excellent for all-weather capability, from medium altitude so that the antiquated AA cannons don't need to worried about (those buggers have not heard of ECM)


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Patients with a common type of metal hip implant should have annual health checks for as long as they have the implant, according to the MHRA. The all-metal devices have been found to wear down at an accelerated rate in some patients, potentially causing damage and deterioration in the bone and tissue around the hip. There are also concerns that they could leak traces of metal into the bloodstream, which the annual medical checks will monitor.
Hours before critical coverage from the BMJ and the BBC, the MHRA issued new guidelines on larger forms of 'metal-on-metal' hip implants. Advice on smaller metal devices or those featuring a ceramic head has not changed. Previously, guidelines suggested larger implants should only be checked annually for 5 years after surgery. The agency now says the annual check-ups should be continued for the life of the implant as a precautionary measure to reduce the "small risk" of complications and the need for further surgery.
The MHRA's updated advice concerns the type of MoM implant in which the head of the femur is 36mm or greater. The agency now says that patients fitted with this type of implant should be monitored annually for the life of the implant and that they should also have tests to measure levels of metal particles (ions) in their blood. Patients with these implants who have symptoms should also have MRI or ultrasound scans and patients without symptoms should have a scan if their blood levels of metal ions are rising.
It is estimated that 49,000 people in the UK have been given metal-on-metal implants with at minumum width of 36mm. This represents a minority of the patients given hip replacements, who mostly have devices featuring plastic, ceramics or smaller metal heads. In 2010 there were 68,907 new hip replacements fitted, and approximately 1,300 of these surgeries used an MoM implant sized 36mm or above – a rate of around 2%.
The MHRA advises that most patients with MoM implants have well functioning hips and are thought to be at low risk of developing serious problems. However, a small number of patients with these hip implants develop soft tissue reactions to the debris associated with some MoM implants.


Our article was originally published on The Diplomat. China and Japan are fueling intensified efforts to build infrastructure in Southeast Asia. Both countries have placed infrastructure at the heart of their regional strategies in a new era of infrastructure diplomacy. China launched its flagship Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013, while Japan initiated its "Partnership for Quality Infrastructure" in 2015. At the same time, ASEAN countries are reorienting their growth strategies toward prioritizing infrastructure. China and Japan are facilitating this shift through offering large amounts of financing and seeking to increase their infrastructure exports.
Across the region, the big ticket infrastructure contracts are being fought over almost exclusively by Chinese and Japanese firms. As ASEAN's most heavily populated country, Indonesia provides a good case in point to illustrate these trends. Between 2015 and 2019, the Indonesian government estimates the country needs approximately $360 billion of infrastructure investment. The country is spending more on transport infrastructure than Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines combined. Of particular interest to Japanese and Chinese financiers and contractors has been Indonesia's desire to build high-speed rail (HSR).
The first major HSR project opened for bidding was the 150 km HSR link from Jakarta to the country's fourth largest city, Bandung. After five years of due diligence and feasibility studies, Japanese officials felt close to securing the project in 2015. As the window for bidding drew to a close, a Chinese offer sought to undercut the Japanese and change the specifications of the HSR. The Chinese side did not require a full Indonesian government guarantee, in contrast to the Japanese offer.
A race to the bottom ensued with both China and Japan putting more money on the table and reducing the time frame for project completion. Ultimately, the Chinese consortium was awarded the project. In response, the Japanese side accused the Chinese consortium of offering unrealistic time scales and underestimating project costs. Construction commenced in January 2016, but the project stalled thereafter and has only recently resumed, due to rising project costs and funding difficulties.
However, winning this deal has not resulted in Chinese firms monopolizing all rail contracts in Indonesia. In another sign that the Indonesian government wants to maintain an environment of competition between Chinese and Japanese construction firms; a contract was awarded to a Japanese consortium in October 2016 to upgrade the rail link from Jakarta to Surabaya.
This infrastructure competition between Japanese and Chinese firms is not unique to Indonesia, but extends throughout Asia. Later in 2018, the prized $17 billion contract for the Kuala Lumpur to Singapore high-speed rail link will be awarded to either a Chinese consortium led by China Railway Corporation or a Japanese one led by JR East. In 2015, Bangladesh chose a Japanese consortium ahead of a Chinese one to develop the $4.6 billion Matarbari deep sea port. The competition is beginning to heat up outside of Asia too; particularly in Africa.
While this infrastructure competition should result in better and cheaper deals for recipient countries, it also comes at a cost for Chinese and Japanese financiers and contractors. In order to secure deals, the competition pushes financiers into riskier deal structures often involving heavily subsidized loans without government guarantees. These arrangements have a lower probability of being repaid, and reduce the profit margins of both countries' construction firms.
While these battles for infrastructure contracts rage on around the world, there have been recent signs that both countries' governments realize that there may be advantages from collaborating. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's stance on China's BRI has evolved from reticence to acknowledging the potential synergies, and in May 2018, the Japan Bank for International Cooperation proposed that a joint Japan-China consortium build a high-speed railway system in Thailand. If the project goes through, it would be the first time contractors from both countries work together on an infrastructure project in a third country. Further, both governments plan to establish a public-private council to discuss common infrastructure projects.
Whether these early signs of cooperation can be built into something more meaningful will depend on both sides' ability to compromise. Japan's largest concerns surrounding the BRI have centered on the initiative's opacity, governance, and debt risks. These concerns have not disappeared, and Abe will hope that he can persuade the Chinese side to resolve them. At the same time, it is likely that China will seek a more moderate stance from Japan with regard to its initiatives that aim to hedge against China. These include Japan's Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy, as well as the Asia-Africa Growth Corridor which has been conceived in collaboration with India.
The negotiations that may lead to these compromises have a long way to go and many obstacles to overcome; but a suitable backdrop now exists for them to finally commence. Japan and China, as well as South Korea, have reached a point where there is a growing need for them to adopt unified stances, particularly surrounding trade (all three nations are subject to Trump's trade wrath) and denuclearization on the Korean Peninsula. This creates opportunities to come to the table and discuss a whole range of issues, including the one of whether to compete or collaborate over infrastructure.


text:
India's open access future
Manju Naika* and Sandeep Kumar Pathak** analyse how the policy around access to scholarly knowledge is shaping up in the country.
doi:10.1038/nindia.2020.125 Published online 19 August 2020
Students at the IIT Bombay library.
© IITB
India's new science policy – Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2020 – expected to be out before the year end, wants to make scholarly knowledge openly accessible to all.
An expert group consulting the government on the new policy has recommended a 'one nation one subscription' formula for India. This means the government will aim to negotiate with leading publishers of science journals a country-wide open access policy. Under the scheme, a single, centrally-negotiated payment will be made to publishers of scholarly journals in return for access to all published literature by every individual living in India. This new proposal is expected to replace the current norm where individual academic institutes or consortia of institutes subscribe to journals separately, thereby replicating costs, according to sources in the government.
The new approach will be similar to the German open access policy with the only difference that in India access to scholarly knowledge will not be restricted to the research or academic community. If this policy comes into force, anyone in India will be able to access scholarly literature without having to pay for it.
The other significant recommendation, which is yet to be ratified by all members of the expert group drafting the policy, is that authors of scholarly literature will be permitted to pay article processing charges (APCs) through grants available to them in order to get their articles published in reputed journals. The experts have proposed further negotiations to remove the burden of APCs on the researchers, either via a system of invoicing to the government or through a 'subscription rights' mechanism via a centralised portal.
The policy will recommend a central payment system for APCs for all reputed APC-based journals. Predatory publishers will be strictly excluded from this system.
In the run up to these recommendations, during a public consultation in June 2020, India's Principal Scientific Adviser Krishnaswamy VijayRaghavan proposed this open access (OA) model for the country. "Publicly-funded research must be accessible to the public. Users should not have to pay again and again to access scholarly communication – that fortress of access has to crumble," he said to a question on the next steps that India wants to take in decentralising access to scientific communication.
"Those charges (APCs) are disproportionately high for a country like India where the exchange rates are quite high. This makes it difficult for scientists to publish in quality journals," he said.
The government is also looking at broadening an existing OA policy of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and Department of Biotechnology (DBT) that mandates all publicly-funded research to be made freely available.
The new open access policy of India will not just open up scholarly knowledge but also access to research data and research infrastructure, according to VijayRaghavan.
Open access trends
It is essential to understand the current trends of OA in India to design a sustainable OA policy that can provide researchers access to high-quality global peer-reviewed research publications and an opportunity for them to contribute to such publications. The global ranking of Indian universities is tied to research productivity, which can be increased by encouraging and incentivising researchers to publish in reputed publications.
Open access to scholarly communication in India has evolved slowly since the early 2000s with the government trying to accelerate the growth of OA resources. The central government allocates only a per cent of the country's GDP to research but has roughly 900 universities and other research institutions of higher education, and thus considers OA as an essential need.
There are about 0.34 million researchers (full-time or equivalent) in India. Several studies show that OA publications are cited more frequently1, 2 than non-OA publications and thus confer greater visibility on their authors. While advances in information technology have led to an exponential growth of scientific literature, the cost of electronic journals has increased rapidly. Only a few institutions in the world have access to all the journals they want. Many institutes are deprived of such unfettered access to scientific knowledge because they cannot afford it. Most Indian universities do not have the budget to appoint a full-time and qualified university librarian to manage their libraries. As such, giving all university researchers access to scholarly journals of their choice is a distant dream.
However, after the launch of Plan S by the coalition of German funding agencies in 2018, the OA movement has begun to attract worldwide interest, as also in India.
It is, therefore, worth analysing the share of OA papers in published research output from India to identify factors responsible for the growth of OA resources in India vis-à-vis the rest of the world.
Repositories of knowledge
Institutional repositories collect and preserve in electronic format the scholarly output of institutions and make them freely accessible and discoverable by the public. The repository stores research articles, review papers, theses and dissertations, reports, preprints, and post-prints. As of April 2020, the UK-based Directory of Open Access Repositories (Open DOAR) listed 92 such repositories in India. Besides institute-level repositories, India has set up several national ones to promote OA. They include Shodhganga, India's national repository of doctoral theses (housing full texts of 269 733 Ph.D theses submitted to 433 universities as of April 2020) managed by the Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET). Another such is the National Virtual Library of India (NVLI), a comprehensive collection of digital resources giving information about India. The collections are OA and multilingual, in the form of documents, books, images, audio and video files, and other forms.
The National Digital Library of India (NDLI) is an initiative of the Ministry of Human Resource Development (now Ministry of Education) as part of the National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT). The library's pilot project is to develop a framework for a virtual repository of learning resources with a single-window search facility. As of April 2020, the NDLI had 47, 898, 772 digital items.
The library's pilot project is to develop a framework for a virtual repository of learning resources with a single-window search facility. As of April 2020, the NDLI had 47 898 772 digital items.
Science-Central is India's centralized hosting service for all 42 institutional repositories of institutions that are part of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) as well as a harvester service for those repositories. A centralized harvester harvests data from all the institutional repositories to support OA to publications from projects funded by the DST or the DBT. Seventeen institutional repositories are hosted on the Science-Central platform, and data are harvested from 42 more. The database currently has 3438 items, of which 69% are full-text records.
Open access journals providing full text of articles to anyone without any charge or restrictions are of three kinds – Green OA (no publishing charges, authors can self-archive the article in an institutional/central repository for free access), Gold OA (articles are freely accessible on the journal's website immediately after publication, usually authors pay the cost of publication), and Hybrid (a mix of green and gold where some articles are free to access and some are behind a paywall).
As of April 2020, 282 Indian journals were listed in the independent online community-curated Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). The J-Gate database, launched in 2001 by a private enterprise Informatics India Ltd, features 3552 Green OA and 341 Hybrid OA journals from India. This electronic gateway provides fee-based access to global e-journal literature. Many Indian journals published by a major commercial publisher are in the Hybrid OA category.
Analysing the Scopus database reveals that between 2015 and 2019, the world's research output in the form of published papers exceeded 15 million (see infographic below), split between global OA publications (25.2%) and non-OA publications (74.8%), the annual average being a little over 3 million. The output grew by 3.2% annually during that time, whereas the rate for India was 7%.
Although India's contribution to OA publications (4%) was lower than the world average (25%), the annual growth rate of OA publications from India was approximately 12.5%. Between 2015 and 2019, India's share in the world's total output was 5.3%, with more than 0.8 million papers.
Overview of research output from India and the rest of the world.
Source: Scopus Database
Going by Scopus data, India is in the fifth position in terms of the total number of publications and 6th in terms of OA publications in the world after the United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan. Despite less than 1% GDP allocation for research and lack of APC funding in India, and without any clear mandatory OA policies at the institutional and national level, India seems to be contributing significantly to open access publishing.
Major contributors to OA papers
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs – 23 in number) account for the highest number of OA papers – 11021 or 7% – in the country's total contribution, followed by the All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) with 4153 publications, and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru with 2718 publications. All of these are public institutes – the first two are groups of institutes and IISc is a single institute.
The top funding agencies publishing OA papers are the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (3155 publications) followed by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Kerala (2995 publications) and the University Grants Commission (2518 publications). It is noteworthy that the DST of Kerala, one of the smallest states in India, is a key publisher and may well serve as a role model for other states in the country. Incidentally, Kerala also tops in literacy rates in India. Private companies, private universities or other major public-sector institutions are conspicuous by their absence in this list.
Policy making bodies and funding agencies should take note of the contributions of these institutions and provide incentives to others to increase their OA contributions.
[The authors are *Chief Library Officer, IIT Bombay (manjunaik@iitb.ac.in) and **Librarian, IISER Bhopal (skpathak@iiserb.ac.in).]
1. Piwowar, H. et al. The state of OA: a large-scale analysis of the prevalence and impact of Open Access articles. Peer J. (2018) doi: 10.7717/peerj.4375
2. Antelman, K. Do open-access articles have a greater research impact? Coll. Res. Libr. (2004) doi: 10.5860/crl.65.5.372
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I missed the annual Sculpture by the Sea exhibition this year, being rather busy finishing and then installing my window for the Bowral Presbyterian Church last Friday. I always enjoy the show: such beautiful location, always interesting and artistically stimulating and invigorating. And its wonderful that this exhibition is so well attended: many thousands of Sydneysiders make the walk from Bondi to Tamarama (or in reverse), not only to look at the view, but to look at Art!
However this is not the only sculpture show in town. Running more or less concurrently, in the beautiful old Waverley/Woollahra Town Hall on Old South Head Road, is the Woollahra Small Sculpture Prize. A strongly contested, selected exhibition, the Small Sculpture Prize is an intimate show, similar in many ways to the Ranamok Glass Prize. While the latter tended to favour plinth-based works, the former is exclusively such, with each work restricted to a maximum size of 80cm x 80cm x 80cm.
The diversity of ideas represented in this show always amazes me. What this means is, being such a small show with only 40x sculptures, it almost doesn't work as a cohesive exhibition. The observer bounces from one extreme example of creative thought to another. There are some links however, some threads to follow and works to compare. In this year's show there were quite a number of figurative pieces, each one of them very powerful and expressive. Henry, for instance, by Miraslav Kratky is almost talking to you. He stands there full of attitude and wisdom, espousing his particular philosophy on Life. Stephen Bird's Ancestral Figure, by contrast is almost impregnable, teasing you with so many unrelated symbols and references (like English Toby Jugs) that the artist seemingly defies you to make sense of the work, delighting in making something both arcane and beautiful.
Several of the works are laden with humour, some of it quite wry. The winning sculpture for instance, Form for Modern Living #2 by Natalie Guy, is a suavely tongue-in-cheek dig at Interior Design, the mores of contemporary fashion, Modern Art and sophisticated consumerism. It somehow encapsulates all of this in a pithy statement of bronze Barbara Hepworth.
And with an hilarious take on Jeff Koons' giant Puppy, Natalie Thomas takes us back to those ultra-kitsch souvenir shops of the 1950's and 60's beachside holidays where you would find all manner of artefacts made of seashells.
A constructivist steel sculpture which caught my eye was Triplex by Morgan Shimeld. I know of Morgan as a stand-out graduate in glass studies from SCA, making really interesting work. Clearly he has pushed on to great heights and moved beyond glass.
But Freja Jobbins' Anthropomorphism #1 surely takes the prize for Absolutely Creepy. Is it just me? I find these conglomerations of baby doll parts very disturbing (while also, admittedly, decidedly funny). There are unexpected echoes here with both Bird's Ancestral Figure but moreso with Thomas' shell-encased Puppy. All three share a strong sense of the absurd.
My personal favourites were Yusuke Takemura's Ho-Zuki and Seraph by the Peculiar Annes. Totally unrelated and appealing to completely different aesthetics, yet both works share a highly developed sense of finesse in both craftsmanship and concept. Take's work celebrates the beauty of materiality and technical virtuosity while the Annes' magical figure possesses such power and spirit that it can transport the observer to another place entirely. And that surely is the achievement of Art.


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Home » Gilead Sciences to Buy MYR GmbH, for $1.15 Billion
Gilead Sciences to Buy MYR GmbH, for $1.15 Billion
Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: GILD) acquired MYR GmbH, a Bad Homburg, Germany-based biotechnology company focused on the development and commercialization of therapeutics for the treatment of chronic hepatitis delta virus (HDV), for approximately €1.15 billion.
The amount was paid in cash, payable upon closing of the transaction plus a potential future milestone payment of up to €300m (both payments subject to customary adjustments).
The acquisition will provide Gilead with Hepcludex™ (bulevirtide), which was conditionally approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of chronic HDV infection in adults with compensated liver disease in July 2020. MYR has since launched Hepcludex in France, Germany and Austria, and continues to prepare for launch in certain other markets throughout 2021. It is expected that this transaction will accelerate the global launch of Hepcludex. Hepcludex is a first-in-class treatment for HDV that blocks viral entry into liver cells through binding to NTCP. It is the first and currently the only medicine conditionally approved for HDV by the EMA, and MYR anticipates submission for accelerated approval in the United States in the second half of 2021. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted the medicine both Orphan Drug and Breakthrough Therapy designations for chronic HDV infection.
Led by Dmitry Popov, Chief Executive Officer, MYR is a commercial stage biotechnology company dedicated to the development of bulevirtide, a first-in-class entry inhibitor which binds to the NTCP receptor for HDV and other indications. MYR started operations in 2011 and has been supported by its founders, private and venture capital investors including the High-Tech-Gründerfonds.
Led by Daniel O'Day, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Gilead Sciences is a research-based biopharmaceutical company that discovers, develops and commercializes innovative medicines in areas of unmet medical need. The company has operations in more than 35 countries worldwide, with headquarters in Foster City, California.
Tagged with: Gilead Sciences, MYR
Previous storySmartlook Raises $3.6M in Series A Funding
Next storyCityblock Health Raises $160M in Series C Funding
Precision BioSciences Raises $110M in Series B Funding
MYR Raises $10M
By FinSMEs	Published on November 4, 2014
Lyndra Therapeutics Raises $55M in Series B Financing


Let's chat Atlassian Certifications! Do you manage and configure your organization's projects in Jira? Are you eager to become certified and show your expertise? Atlassian recently introduced a new contender into the Atlassian Certification realm, ACP-600 Project Administration in Jira Server. They have also provided a very detailed on-demand online course in the learning paths portal to help you manage and configure projects in partnership with your Jira Administrator. Before you embark in your certification journey, check out some tips and tricks below.
This certification is made for a super user who has had at least 6 months of experience or more working in Jira. If this is not you, don't worry… practice makes perfect. I'd recommend practicing the different activities from the lab workbook in a dev instance using a project admin account. If you're already a Jira admin, your permissions and capabilities are very different then a project administrators. This can cause you to be confused. It's important to listen to the on-demand online course provided by Atlassian, as there may be some areas you think you know, but which have been recently updated or you misunderstood. Studying the Atlassian coursework is definitely beneficial but getting hands-on experience will create muscle memory.
Organize what you don't know.
Whether it's using index cards, writing down notes or using a Trello board, it's important to narrow down what you don't know or understand and study it. You need to understand all of the concepts and terminology in the coursework, so it's important that you find a study method that works best for you. Some people find studying alone to be useful. I recommend going over the topics with other project or Jira admins. Whether it's getting clarification on what field configurations are or listening to other people's questions that cause you to better understand a topic. If you're unable to find others to study with, I'd recommend posting a discussion on Atlassian Community. There are many community members who are highly experienced and can answer your questions. There are also others who are prepping for the exam and can study with you offline.
When it's time to take the exam, get a full night's rest… and use the bathroom before you start! While you're taking the exam, read every question carefully. Many times, the questions have details that help you eliminate answers. Be mindful of your time. If you do not know the answer to a question, check-mark the questions for review. This way, you can go back and take a look at them. Do not leave a question unanswered. It's better to answer a question and get it right, rather then leaving it blank and not getting any points. And last but no least, review all of your answers! Make sure all of the questions are answered and double check that the questions requiring two or more answers have just that.
Good luck on your certification journey!


With headquarters in San Francisco, Bechtel is a privately owned company with offices around the world. Employing over 53000 people and providing services such as engineering, construction and project management over various sectors, like energy, mining, oil and gas, transportation and communications.
In 2012 Bechtel had revenues of $37.9 billion (US) and new contracts valued at $23.9 billion (US).
Projects vary from roads and rail systems, air and seaports, mines and smelters to defence and aerospace, pipelines and oil and gas fields.
Projects in Australia include Caval Ridge Coal mine and Curtis Island, the new Liquified Natural Gas(LNG) project.


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Brampton calls to close Pearson Airport
City near Canada's largest international airport worries that continued flights from COVID hotspots put its own population at risk
The control tower at Toronto-Pearson International Airport, lit green for Earth Day April 22, 2021 (Twitter/TorontoPearson).
The city council in Brampton, Ontario, called for nearby Pearson International to close to flights from all COVID-19 hotspots, both foreign and domestic. The move comes even as the federal government bars non-stop flights from India and Pakistan.
"We do have a problem at Pearson Airport continuing to operate at a high capacity," Brampton mayor Patrick Brown told city council. "And one of the reasons that we're in a predicament right now is that the variants have taken control. And the variants got into the country because our borders weren't closed."
"At some point, we need to ensure that nobody's leaving and nobody's coming in," said Councillor Michael Palleschi. He seconded a council motion calling for tighter border controls. It passed unanimously. "Any tools that the government can give us to help stop the spread are tools that are much needed."
Canada already has some of the most stringent border controls in the world. Most non-Canadians are barred from entering the country. The Canadian government cannot stop Canadians from entering or leaving, but it does recommend against foreign travel. It also imposes pre and post-flight COVID testing and a 14-day quarantine period for those who do come.
The effect has been drastic. In February, the most recent month for which data are available, only 26,000 non-Canadians entered the country from overseas, Statistics Canada reported. On top of that, Canadians are taking fewer trips abroad. "In February, 79,600 Canadian residents returned home from travel overseas, down 50.4% from January and down 93.5% from February 2020," said StatsCan.
Banning flights from India and Pakistan
On Thursday, federal officials went further. They banned non-stop flights from India and Pakistan for 30 days. On top of that, the government ordered anyone connecting to Canada to get a COVID test where they connect. India has some of the highest COVID rates in the world. About two dozen weekly flights are affected by the decision.
"We have established some of the strongest border measures in the world, to test, screen, and quarantine incoming travellers," said federal Health Minister Patty Hajdu in a statement. "With the current pressure on hospitals and health care workers, we also need to reduce our contacts and avoid crowded places more than ever."
Canada is in the midst of its own third wave. Hajdu told reporters that less than two per cent of people entering the country test positive for COVID. But of those, almost half arrived on flights from India and Pakistan. Most of those flights arrive at Pearson, normally Canada's busiest airport.
Based on feedback from Peel Public Health, #Peel Regional Council unanimously requests PM @JustinTrudeau to suspend interprovincial & international leisure travel to @TorontoPearson Airport. Thank you to @COBMPalleschi for seconding my motion. @Caledon_Mayor @BonnieCrombie pic.twitter.com/bS0ibSXY2j
— Patrick Brown (@patrickbrownont) April 22, 2021
Brown called the ban "a step in the right direction." But, he added, governments should also look at internal flight restrictions.
What about domestic flights?
"If you look at British Columbia right now, even domestically, they're having a real battle with the variants," he told television station CP24. "Some days we have six flights coming to Toronto from British Columbia. And so I would prefer if we restricted all air travel to only essential commercial aviation."
Airports report that aviation continues to struggle in Canada. The number of passengers is down about 90% from pre-pandemic levels. That has had a dramatic impact on airport finances. Toronto lost $383 million in 2020, and passenger numbers are not improving yet. And further restrictions are likely to make the struggle even harder.
"It's still a very active airport," said Brown. "So we're nervous about some of those variants getting into the country."
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Categories: COVID, Toronto
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The third edition of 'Modern Maritime Law,' written by Dr. Aleka Mandaraka Sheppard and published by Informa Law from Routledge, was launched on 20 February. Developments in the six years, since the second edition was published in 2007, necessitated a substantial revision and restructure of the book, which is now divided into two volumes.
The first volume is devoted to jurisdiction, conflicts and risks, covering arbitration issues, multi-tier dispute resolution clauses and the EU Recast regulation, useful to both shipping and non-shipping lawyers. Freezing injunctions are compared with Rule B attachments. The second volume majors on risk management issues and identifies and explains how those risks are manifest for owners and ship managers generally, including in sale & purchase and shipbuilding contracts. It also provides a solution to the possible implementation of environmental salvage.
Both volumes include some non-shipping cases of maritime relevance.
Introducing the work at the Institute of Strategic Studies on February 20th, US lawyer Alan Van Praag for his contribution to the book by writing the section on Rule B; Sir Bernard Rix for writing the foreword; and others for their valuable comments, such as: Mans Jacobson, on the pollution chapter; Andrew Mitchell on safety and ISM matters; Sir Bernard Eder and Michael Howard QC on wrongful arrest of ships; Dr. Sheppard felt the book was a fitting complement to the 20th Shipping Law Centre Maritime Business Forum.
The launch followed a seminar, organised by LSLC, on recent developments in Rule B relief, freezing injunctions and anti-suit relief.
Alan van Praag, a Partner in Eaton & Van Winkle LLP (New York), asserted that maritime attachment proceedings in the United States, conducted under Rule B for Maritime Claims, were thriving. The past year had demonstrated the continuing efficacy of a unique security device.
Court of Justice undermined the principle of certainty. She set out the "counter revolution" methods adopted by the English courts to combat the EU revolution on jurisdictional matters; these included the enforcement of an arbitral award as a judgment by the English court prior to the issue of a conflicting decision issued by another court of an EU member state, and the award of damages by arbitrators and the courts for breach of an arbitration agreement.
The seminar was chaired by Lord Justice Christopher Clarke.
This entry was posted in Uncategorised on 5th March 2014 by shippinglbc-admin.


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Biden's civil rights nominee has to explain to GOP senator that article she wrote was satire
Kristen Clarke
John Cornyn
Alex Woodward
April 14, 2021, 5:42 PM ·4 min read
Kristen Clarke, Joe Biden's nominee to lead the Justice Department's civil rights division, faced several rounds of Republican interrogation ahead of her Senate confirmation, as GOP lawmakers probed her past statements on police violence and whether she supports "defunding" law enforcement.
At one point, Republican Senator John Cornyn asked Ms Clarke whether she actually believed "African Americans are genetically superior to caucasians" in response to a satirical column criticising a controversial book on race theory and genetics.
"Maybe there's a misprint – maybe you can clear it up for me," he asked. "You seem to argue that African Americans were genetically superior to caucasians. Is that correct?"
"No, senator," she said. "I believe you're referring to an op-ed that I wrote at the age of 19 about The Bell Curve Theory, a racist book that equated DNA with genetics and race. As a Black student at Harvard [University] at that time, we took grave offence to this book."
She said the column sought to "hold up a mirror – put one racist theory alongside another, to challenge people as to why we were unwilling to wholly reject the racist theory that defined the Bell Curve book."
"So this was satire?" Mr Cornyn responded.
Ms Clarke, if confirmed for the role, would be the first woman and the first Black woman to lead the division since its creation in 1957.
John Cornyn grills assistant attorney general nominee Kristen Clarke about an article she wrote for her college paper, seemingly oblivious to the fact it was satire pic.twitter.com/qMG3LNg2AO
— Aaron Rupar (@atrupar) April 14, 2021
Her appointment follows a rise in hate crimes, threats to voting rights and federal law enforcement warnings about the rise in racist violence, white supremacism and domestic terror plots – all against a backdrop of the GOP's persistent culture wars.
Ms Clarke – a longtime civil rights advocate – emerged as a frequent critic of the Trump administration as head of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, which sued the former president over challenges to voting rights, immigration, the use of force against protesters outside the White House, and changes to the US Census.
While defending results in the wake of the 2020 presidential election that the former president sought to overturn with the false narrative of a "stolen" election, she was repeatedly threatened with racist attacks by his supporters.
In 2019, she won a lawsuit against a neo-Nazi who incited a "troll storm" against the first Black female student body president of American University.
Some Republicans are so threatened by the prospect of a revitalized Civil Rights Division that they've already stooped to baseless attacks on the extremely well-qualified nominee that is Kristen Clarke.
Let's be clear: this Committee will confirm leaders who uphold civil rights.
— Senate Judiciary Committee (@JudiciaryDems) April 14, 2021
Right-wing lawmakers fear her appointment to the Justice Department, along with former civil rights lawyer Vanita Gupta, whose appointment is also pending Senate confirmation, will upend American policing and strengthen civil rights and voter protections that Republicans across the US have sought to undo.
But as the recent police killing of another unarmed Black American revives nationwide debate over the future of policing, Ms Clarke told lawmakers that racial equity will remain a top priority within her agency.
In her opening statement, she said she looks to her 16-year-old son to affirm her commitment "to the promise of working every day to build a world of equal opportunity for all."
"A world where no 16-year-old is the target of hateful language," she said. "A world where no young man is racially profiled. I dream of a world that values his mind, his heart … and does not push him aside because of the colour of his skin. I dream of that for every child in America."
Senate Republicans on Wednesday sought to undermine her credibility, pointing to her statements surrounding "defund the police" debates, including an op-ed in which she advocated for funding to be re-allocated.
Republicans Tom Cotton and Ted Cruz attacked her for a Newsweek op-ed titled "I prosecuted police killings. Defund the police – but be strategic."
She said the headline did not accurately reflect what she wrote. In the op-ed, she said she advocates "defunding policing operations that have made African Americans more vulnerable to police violence and contributed to mass incarceration, while investing more in programmes and policies that address critical community needs."
The Justice Department's civil rights division does not dictate police budgets.
After Democratic Senator Chris Coons asked if police funding decisions were up to her, she said: "If I could put my thumb on the scale, it would be on the side of more resources."
Senator Cotton also repeatedly asked whether she believed police officers who killed Black Americans in several high-profile cases were "justified" in their response, seeking a "yes or no" answer.
Ms Clarke said "in general, there is a greater need for police accountability" and that "there is a bipartisan agreement on this issue" before Mr Cotton stopped her.
After chairman Dick Durbin told Mr Cotton to allow Ms Clarke to answer, Mr Cotton snapped, saying, "Can you stop your pattern of interrupting me repeatedly?"
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Corpus Christi teen pulls unconscious man out of burning car
Whereas different vehicles handed by the scene, the 17-year-old, alongside along with his mother and girlfriend, did what they had been imagined to do and stopped to render support.
CORPUS CHRISTI, Texas — The heroic actions of a fast considering teenager saved a person's life by pulling him out of a burning car.
Corpus Christi police say 17-year-old Teddy Herrera reportedly ran over and pulled an unconscious man out from behind the wheel of a car simply earlier than it blew up.
A drive house from a Thanksgiving dinner in Rockport ended up saving the lifetime of a person.
It was simply after 2 a.m. on Friday when a one automotive accident occurred alongside Freeway 181 between Portland and Corpus Christi.
Whereas different vehicles handed by the scene, Herrera, alongside along with his mother and girlfriend, did what they had been imagined to do and stopped to render support.
Whereas Teddy's mother known as 911, her son checked contained in the automotive to see if anybody was there. He noticed the motive force handed out and slumped throughout the entrance seat. Then, the Ray Excessive College junior mentioned he needed to act shortly as a result of the automotive had caught fireplace.
Herrera was on the varsity swim group till the coronavirus pandemic hit. {The teenager} made his faculty proud as soon as once more, however this time as a result of he dived into a really harmful scenario.
"I attempted waking him up and I attempted to get him to understand he was in an accident and he simply would not get up," Herrera mentioned. "Then, the automotive actually beginning to catch on fireplace and it was beginning to get actually smoky and so I made a decision it is now or by no means and I simply carried him and picked him up and received him out of harms means."
See also A beach just for dogs in Stow
Herrera mentioned the automotive finally turned completely engulfed in flames. Paramedics, police and firemen arrived on the scene shortly. Paramedics instructed him the person appeared high-quality and everybody on the scene praised him for doing such a heroic deed.
Herrera additionally loves Marvel superhero motion pictures so he received the prospect to grow to be a brilliant hero himself.
"I felt type of like a hero I assume," he mentioned. "I'm glad my dad and mom raised me the way in which they did properly."
Extra from 3News on KIIITV.com:
Cindy has great experience in creating and editing articles on different topics. She loves to read novels and write about the latest topics. She's also good at writing for our website. You can shoot mail @ cindy@rexweyler.com to discuss anything current topic.
NBA says Kobe's delayed Hall induction coming in May 2021
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San José Teacalco är en kommun i Mexiko.   Den ligger i delstaten Tlaxcala, i den sydöstra delen av landet,  km öster om huvudstaden Mexico City.

Följande samhällen finns i San José Teacalco:

 San José Teacalco
 El Encinal Dos de Mayo

I övrigt finns följande i San José Teacalco:

 Cerro Huintitepetl (en kulle)
 Cerro San Marcos (en kulle)
 Cerro Tlacotepetl (en kulle)
 Loma Amoltepec (en kulle)

Ett tropiskt höglandsklimat råder i trakten. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är april, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är september, med  °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är juni, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är januari, med  mm nederbörd.

Källor

Indelningar i Tlaxcala (delstat)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia