Once the cataract surgery is over, your eye specialist team will monitor you for any problems. You should be able to go home the same day as the cataract surgery but you will need someone to drive you.
Itching, mild discomfort, tearing, and a scratchy sensation are normal after cataract surgery. You may also be sensitive to light. These things should clear up within a few days. Your eye specialist will also have eye shield for you to wear during the first day of surgery, and at bedtime for one week. You will also be prescribed at least three different types of eye drops to help heal and reduce infection risk.
You should not bend from the waist to pick up objects and do not lift anything heavy during the healing process.
You can usually expect your vision to improve within a day or two, but sometimes it can take longer. Your eye should be completely healed within four to eight weeks.
What problems might develop after cataract surgery?
Problems with cataract surgery rarely develop but they can include infection, bleeding, pain, redness, swelling, loss of vision, double vision, high or low eye pressure.
If you have any of these symptoms, please contact your eye specialist as soon as possible to have these problems quickly treated.
Sometimes a film develops over the intraocular lens (IOL) that has been implanted causing vision to become cloudy or blurred. This is called an after-cataract or a posterior capsular opacity, and can develop months or years after cataract surgery. Your eye specialist treats after-cataract with an outpatient laser procedure called YAG laser capsulotomy. It is painless and quick.
When can I expect my vision to be normal after cataract surgery?
Your healing eye needs to adjust so that it can focus correctly with your other eye. Your vision may be blurry for a few days or longer. Your eye specialist can tell you when you can resume driving. Once your eye heals, your eye specialist may prescribe new glasses or contact lenses.
If you've received an IOL, you maybe notice that colors are very bright because the IOL is clear and your cataract had a brownish tint.


Used for polyurethane elastomer product manual console whose cross-linking is NDI/MDI etc.
1. NDI/MDI prepolymer can make vacuum degassing in this machine.
2. There's switch valve synchronous control as for MDI and prepolymers, bringing convenience for production of products and manual experiments.
3. Electric scale is equipped at the lower part of discharge port.
4. High speed blender which can automatically lift up and down is also available.
5. Vacuum pump and vacuum tank are available.


Margaret C. Snyder (1929-) was founding director of UNIFEM (1978-89), after being regional advisor for the Economic Commission for Africa, co-founder of its African Centre for Women, and head of its Voluntary Agencies Bureau (1971-78). She was an international election observer in Ethiopia, Uganda, and Tanzania and continues as senior advisor to the UN and UNDP and on UNIFEM's Assessment Advisory Committee. She sits on several university and NGO boards. Born in the United States, she was educated at the College of New Rochelle, Catholic University of America, and University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Her most recent books include Transforming Development (A history of UNIFEM) and Women in African Economies: From Burning Sun to Boardroom.


text:
Building an Alliance
By sebastianhum on December 5, 2011 • ( Leave a comment )
BY ERIN POWERS // DEC. 5, 2011 //
The quote on the top of the flyer read, "Life is more than the sum of its parts." Those interested to learn more made their way to the Student Center, where a new student group hosted a showing last month of the 2005 movie "Transamerica."
The Gay, Straight Alliance, or GSA, has returned to Curry this semester after years of inactivity. The group showed "Transamerica," a comedic yet touching film that explores gender dysphoria, as part of the national Transgender Awareness Week, Nov. 12-20, while also hosting a discussion about the movie's various themes.
In search of a social support group, Alexander Koch decided to create his own and led others in the resurrection of Curry's Gay, Straight Alliance. // PHOTO BY ERIN POWERS
Freshman Alexander Koch is the force behind GSA's resurrection on campus. He said he was inspired to restart the student club after flipping through Curry's Student Handbook, which listed GSA as an active student group. He sought out more information from Student Activities, but learned that the listing was a mistake and that the club had long been dormant.
He and some friends quickly changed that.
Lynn Zlotkowski, the college's academic success coordinator, and Robert Mack, manager of the Academic Advising office, are both advisors to GSA and help the students figure out logistical planning for events and community outreach. According to Zlotkowski and Koch, the GSA's main purpose is to serve as a safe and comforting environment where students—regardless of their sexuality—can talk and listen without being judged in any way. The group plans to hold various events throughout the year, including a holiday party before the semester break, in an effort to bring students together and allow diversity to flourish on campus.
"It's an opportunity to break down some stereotypes and give students a chance to meet people that are going through the same things as them," said Zlotkowski, who's in her first semester at Curry. "Or just the opposite; they can meet people who are going through things that they might not understand at all."
Koch, who is gay, lived in Germany his whole life until he decided to pursue his college education in the U.S. He said he has found the Curry community to be kind-hearted overall. It's something of a departure from his former life overseas.
"Germany has many gay rights and hate crime laws, but there are not many supporting organizations, and those that exist are more of a political nature and are not aimed at teenagers and young adults," Koch said, adding that he was looking forward to attending college in the United States, where there are many support groups for young gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered people.
One thing that is significant about Curry's chapter of GSA is that it is not just for students who are gay or bisexual; straight students are also members. As of press time, GSA had about 12 members, according to Koch, and about a quarter of them are straight, he said. Starting Thursday, Feb. 2, the group will meet biweekly in the Student Center's Small Meeting Room from 6:30-7:30 p.m.
"Curry has a long way to go as far as accepting the LGBT community," said Zlotkowski, "but the revival of GSA is certainly a good first step."
Categories: Features
Shakes Stir Excitement in Hafer
Nelson Headlines Curry Athletic Hall Inductees

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


usrentacar.co.uk ® Car Hire USA Blog » Blog Archive » We Are Close To Announcing A New Partnership But With Whom?
We Are Close To Announcing A New Partnership But With Whom?
Excitement is mounting here at usrentacar.co.uk towers today, as we are very close to announcing a brand new partnership that we've been after for jonkies!!
Can you guess who the new partnership is with?


'To Conquer Heaven' is an action packed 'Indiana Jones' meets 'Big Trouble in Little China' romp of epic proportions!
The End is nigh. The Huldufolk know it. But will they warn the humans so that they might both survive?
Felix Long is the author of action/adventure novel 'To Conquer Heaven' and upcoming novels 'Habnab' and 'Huldufolk Magic'.


Help us raise $100,000.00 for the Polio Plus Campaign.
Rotarian or Rotarians host a meal in their home, invite "Non Rotarians" (4 to 8) to the evening and ask for a minimum donation of $25.00 to Polio.
Rotarians register with our District Polio Chair , Margaret at baronesserainn@gmail.com with number of guests, and money collected so we can track.
Money collected to go to the club treasure and they send to the Foundation in support of Polio Plus.
The evening will be one of sharing knowledge about the Rotary history of the Eradication of Polio at home and globally. When it started, where we are today and the need to continue the fight.
A great evening of fellowship with community leaders and friends of Rotary. An excellent Public Image event for members to promote their club to their community.


text:
Q: Dynamic layout of React component from JSON I am writing a react application that is a thin client UI for a financial trading application. A core requirement is that the application be completely dynamic and configurable, including forms. Specifically, I have trade entry forms that need to be defined on the server side and stored in the database to be rendered dynamically on the client but the layout is important and needs to be able to support multiple different formats. I have seen a few libraries that take JSON form schemas and create static forms from them but none of them seem to support the kind of layout flexibility I need. For example, I need to support tabs, columns, and rows of components. My question is - can anyone suggest a ReactJs library that can do what I'm looking for? If not, how might I go about implementing it myself?
Here's a more concrete example; Suppose I have a schema fetched from the server via a REST call that looks something like this:
{
title: "Securities Finance Trade Entry",
children: [
 {
   containerType: "tabs",
   children: [
      {
          title: "Common",
          children: [
             {
                containerType: "row",
                children: [
                  {
                    input: "ComboBox",
                    label: "Trade Type",
                    options: ["Repo", "Buy/Sell", "FeeBased"]
                  },
                  {
                    input: "ComboBox",
                    label: "Direction",
                    options: ["Loan", "Borrow"]
                  }
                ]
             },
             {
               containerType: "row",
               children: [
                 {
                    containerType: "column",
                    children: [
                      {
                        containerType: "row",
                        children: [
                          {
                            input: "text",
                            label: "Book"
                          },
                          {
                            input: "text",
                            label: "Counterparty"
                          }
                        ]
                      },
                      {
                        containerType: "row",
                        children: [
                          {
                            input: "date",
                            label: "StartDate"
                          },
                          {
                            input: "date",
                            label: "EndDate"
                          }
                        ]
                      },
                      {
                        containerType: "row",
                        children: [
                          {
                            input: "text",
                            label: "Security"
                          },
                          {
                            input: "numeric",
                            label: "Quantity"
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    ]
                 }
               ]
             }
          ]
      }
   ]
 }
]
}

Which I expect to render something like:

Basically in that schema only one tab would be shown, but there could be multiple tabs, each containing multiple children in rows and columns and potentially nested containers of tabs too.  If I were to render this myself in react I would think about using .map to iterate through the json and a number of if statements to insert tags where appropriate. However, items need to be nested so I don't know how to render it such that the tag chosen is dynamic and it can have children... For example I could write:
{ if (container.containerType === "column") { () } but then I'd somehow need to embed the rest of the controls inside that tag, I don't think I could just emit a () at the end...
Another option I've considered is translating the above json to JSX on the server side and sending that. It would be fairly easy to write a parser on the Java server side that converts the above json to a JSX document and return that to the client, but then how would I render it? Is there any way I could do something like:
onComponentMount() {
   fetch(webserviceUrl + 'getJsxForForm/' + props.formName)
   .then(result => {this.setState({form : result});
}
render()  {
   return ({this.state.form});
}

But again, I don't think this will work. If I fetch the document from the server it would render it just as plain text and not actually convert it to valid html, right?
So, what are my options? I'm looking for suggestions of an existing library that would do this, or suggestions on either of the other two approaches that I'm mentioned (would they work?, how could I do it?), or alternative ideas.
Thanks,
Troy

A: I love the concept of dynamically rendering pages from some sort of JSON configuration.
The key will be defining Components to match containerTypes and inputs and then traversing your JSON configuration through a recursive function. In your JSON configuration, I suggest using component naming conventions wherever you want a component to be rendered. Hence, capitalizing Tabs, Row, Column, etc
Here is one example of that function. Note, in each of the containerType Components there is a call to this function with children being passed in.
See this pen: https://codepen.io/wesleylhandy/pen/oQaExK/
Example Component:
const Container = props => {
    return (

{props.title}

            {renderChildren(props.children)}

    )
 }

Example Recursive-ish rendering of children
const renderChildren = children => {

    return children ? children.map((child, ind) => {
        const newChildren = child.children ? [...child.children] : [];
        const {containerType, title, input, label, options} = child
        let key;

        if (newChildren.length) {
            key = `${containerType}-${ind}`;
            switch (containerType) {
                case "Tabs":
                    return <Tabs
                        key={key}
                        title={title}
                        children={newChildren}
                    />
                case "Column":
                    return <Column
                        key={key}
                        title={title}
                       children={newChildren}
                    />
                case "Row":
                      return <Row
                      key={key}
                      title={title}
                      children={newChildren}
                   />
                default:
                    return <Common
                        key={key}
                        title={title}
                        children={newChildren}
                    />
            }
        } else {
            key=`${input}-${ind}`
            switch (input) {
                case "ComboBox":
                    return <SelectGroup
                        key={key}
                        label={label}
                        options={options}
                   />
               case "Text":
               case "Date":
               case "Numeric":
                   return <InputGroup
                       key={key}
                       label={label}
                       type={input}
                   />
           }
       }
   }) : null
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Paramenesia kasugensis är en skalbaggsart som först beskrevs av Seki och Kobayashi 1935.  Paramenesia kasugensis ingår i släktet Paramenesia och familjen långhorningar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Långhorningar
kasugensis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


annie says: no usually on public holidays we prefer to stay home and have a get together with family members and friends.
I like to travel & do things so staying at home is not usually my first choice.
There is so many things to see & do in the great Australian outdoors and with the extra day you can get out of the rat race to unwind. Often you only need to drive a couple of hours or fly a couple.
Jani82 says: Hey..really depends on the time of year. When it's cooler we tend to just stay home or close to home. If the weather is nice and it actually becomes a long weekend (Mon or Fri Public holiday) we like to go away the beach is generally where we will head!
PGS says: Stay home as much as possible.


For those that are new to HFI – this is a fundraiser put together by Resolve. The name "Walk of Hope" embodies the emotion that most people living with infertility feel. The Walk of Hope is an event that represents the infertility journey-a series of small steps, each one filled with hope and a reminder that no one should walk on this journey alone. The money raised at the Walk is used by Resolve to help spread the word about fertility and support our patients on their journey. This event is family and dog friendly!


Schloß Schönborn golf club is 45min drive from the Vienna airport and is a challenging park land golf course. Its tree lines on both sides from the majority of its fairways ask for straight tee shots. Also you find a lot of doglegs so this course really asks for a good tactical game. The greens are flat but usually very fast so good distance control with your putts is necessary. The signature hole is number 10, a longer Par 3 towards the very impressive castle which also is the clubhouse.
alte bäume, top greens, abwechlungsreiche bahnen. auf jeden fall einen besuch wert!


text:
Q: Parse multiple columns from a dictionary column in python pandas dataframe I have a pandas dataframe consisting of two columns. One column is ID and the other is a nested dictionary of 100+ keys and values.
I'm trying to parse the dictionary column into multiple columns (a column for each key) but I could not figure it out.
What I was able to do is to manually specify each column's name and use the apply function to extract the values from the dictionary:
def get_col(row):
    d = ast.literal_eval(row["dictionary_col"])
    js = json.dumps(d["key1"])
    return js

df["key1"]=df.apply(lambda row: get_col(row),axis=1)

How can I create a column in df for each key in dictionary_col?
I found some methods that convert a dictionary to a dataframe but they didn't work since my dictionary is in a column in a dataframe (with the other column being id).

A: You can build a new dict from dictionary_col and update df with it:
df.update(dictionay_col.to_dict())


Date/Time: Friday, March 22 at approximately 9:15 p.m.
Suffolk County Police last night arrested a man in Islandia after he intentionally struck a police vehicle with an officer inside in Ridge.
Christopher Loeb was driving a 2018 Jeep Cherokee when he struck a sign on a lawn at a residence on Lakeside Trail, at approximately 7:55 p.m. When police arrived, Loeb intentionally struck a marked Seventh Precinct patrol vehicle with an officer inside. Loeb fled to a dead-end street, Manhasset Trail, as police followed. Loeb drove on several lawns, and struck the officer's vehicle again, before fleeing the scene. Police initiated a pursuit, but called it off due to safety concerns. Loeb was driving recklessly, and police followed at a safe distance. Loeb entered the Long Island Expressway and continued driving at a high rate of speed and in a reckless manner. Loeb exited the LIE at exit 58 and parked his vehicle at the Mobil gas station, located at 3775 Express Drive North, Islandia. A Highway Patrol Unit officer observed the parked Jeep, and a witness alerted the officer that Loeb had fled on foot moments before.
A Canine Section dog found Loeb in the woods, and a Canine Section officer arrested him at approximately 9:15 p.m.
Loeb was transported to Stony Brook University Hospital where he is currently being treated for non-life-threatening injuries. The officer in the vehicle that Loeb struck was treated and released from Long Island Community Hospital in East Patchogue with non-life-threatening injuries.
Loeb, 32, of 62 Hearthside Drive, Mount Sinai, was charged with Criminal Mischief 3rd Degree, Reckless Endangerment 2nd Degree, Unlawfully Fleeing a Police Officer, Driving While Ability Impaired by Drugs, and multiple vehicle and traffic infractions.
Arraignment has not yet been scheduled.


text:
What we learned from the wild first night of 'Jeopardy! The Greatest of All Time'
James Holzhauer, left, Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter on "Jeopardy! The Greatest of All Time" on ABC.
(Eric McCandless / ABC)
By Christi CarrasStaff Writer
The biggest TV event in the history of "Jeopardy" kicked off Tuesday with its first match, and it was, as promised, must-see TV.
The long-running series' top-earners — James Holzhauer, Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter — faced off in "Jeopardy! The Greatest of All Time," a battle of super wits in prime time, hosted by the beloved Alex Trebek. One walked away with a win for the night, but he'll need to best his opponents in two more matches to score the grand prize of $1 million.
Commentary: 'Jeopardy! Greatest of All Time' shines the spotlight on a TV institution: Alex Trebek
Especially in light of host Alex Trebek's health woes, the "Jeopardy! Greatest of All Time" tournament is an ideal time to appreciate a TV institution.
It was a night of buzzer-beaters, ambitious bets, stunning losses and lots of correct answers — or, questions. Here are three of the game's standout moments.
Jennings comes out on top
Ken Jennings with the Jeopardy equivalent of the bat flip! We are not worthy King! #JeopardyGOAT pic.twitter.com/EgaHfy5L4w
— Joe'Davious White (@Joe_Laurendi) January 8, 2020
Though all three contestants have had banner "Jeopardy" runs in their own right, Jennings is technically the highest-paid participant (in regular-season play) and game champion of all time, with $2.5 million and 74 wins. And he defended his titles valiantly on Tuesday, coming away with the grand total of the night: $63,400.
Holzhauer narrowly came in second at $63,200, but it was Jennings who answered the most questions correctly throughout the two-game match with his signature prodigious flare. And viewers at home definitely noticed, with Twitter dubbing him "king" as well as "the next host of #Jeopardy."
Alex Trebek doesn't know how he'll top 'Jeopardy! Greatest of All Time'
Alex Trebek discusses "Jeopardy! Greatest of All Time," his cancer treatments, his legacy and more at the Television Critics' Assn. press tour in Pasadena.
Trebek gently owns Rutter
Assault. pic.twitter.com/yY8qbiJVeT
— Clem (@TheClemReport) January 8, 2020
While Jennings' and Holzhauer's genius duel was peak entertainment, it was amateur hour for Rutter, who — despite collecting the most money of anyone (including tournaments), with more than $4 million in his "Jeopardy" career — fell quickly and far behind his opponents.
In one sad water-cooler moment, Rutter wagered all $3,800 he had in the bank on a Daily Double: "Born in New Orleans, Louis Armstrong performed songs named for two local 'B' streets." As if guessing wrong and losing the entirety of his relatively meager winnings weren't humiliating enough, Trebek really put him to shame with his downcast reaction.
"What are Bourbon and Beale?" Rutter asked after a long, uncertain pause.
"I thought you'd say that," the host replied gently. "That's incorrect. It's Basin. 'Basin Street Blues.' "
Holzhauer also managed to squeeze in a dig at Rutter after beating him to the buzzer during the game. Much less subtle than Trebek, Holzhauer took a second to laugh and point at his opponent before providing the correct response.
"Ha-ha. What is Philadelphia?"
Ha-ha. Ouch.
"No need to rub it in," Rutter replied, jokingly(?).
James Holzhauer out here taunting in the middle of a game of Jeopardy lol #JeopardyGOAT pic.twitter.com/xRDjqSbVGM
— gifdsports (@gifdsports) January 8, 2020
'Final Jeopardy' gets a new theme song
@Jeopardy's new think music speaks differently. Had to record the rest of the new theme song. pic.twitter.com/aNY1XRUQMz
— Ricky Paquiot (@RickyPaquiot225) January 8, 2020
New year, new "Jeopardy" theme! Well, not entirely new.
During the first "Final Jeopardy" round, the show debuted an upbeat remix of its classic tune. You know the one: "Doo doo doo doo, doo doo doo." Except, this time, it sounded like more of a mashup of Merv Griffin's original "Think" and the stress-inducing, high-speed instrumental that marks the final lap in "Mario Kart."
Reactions on social media were mixed, but fans can probably expect the fresh track to return for Match 2 on Wednesday night.
The fight to become #JeopardyGOAT is on. Round 2 of Jeopardy! The Greatest of All Time continues tonight at 8|7c on ABC! pic.twitter.com/Ow3bRLKzsJ
— ABC (@ABCNetwork) January 8, 2020


Even if PR agencies may yet be spared, the change in China's climate is unnerving their clients, especially major tech players.
It was a headline that gave more than one China agency head reason to pause. On Sunday, the FT reported that China was clamping down on US consulting companies, the latest move in a low-simmering conflict that saw the US government last week indict five Chinese PLO officers on charges of cyber-espionage.
US PR consultancies have grown substantially in China over the past two decades, led by the likes of Ogilvy PR, Hill+Knowlton, Burson-Marsteller, Edelman and FleishmanHillard. The FT pointed specifically to consulting companies such as McKinsey and Bain, and their lucrative contracts with China's state-owned enterprises.
As disturbing as it was, the development will not have surprised many in the country. A welcoming environment has turned progressively more hostile for foreign companies in China, particularly those operating in the technology sector. "I cannot remember a more difficult time," APCO China CEO James McGregor told the Holmes Report.
Yet McGregor is not overly concerned about his own firm's business, largely because few foreign PR agencies work for SOEs within China. The market remains dominated by MNC PR spend, even if domestic private companies — such as Huawei, Haier and Li Ning — have become more important in recent years.
Even if agencies may yet be spared, the change in climate is certainly unnerving their clients, especially major tech players such as Intel, IBM, Cisco and Microsoft. "We're counselling them to show the value they really bring, to tell a different story and change the conversation," explained McGregor.
"Most of them have kept their heads down and tried not to attract attention," stated McGregor. "Now they have to stand up and talk about their contribution. The story that's being told is the foreigners are in here and are exploiting the market."
For example, air pollution and food safety are two high-profile areas in which the Chinese government is aiming to improve standards. The thinking is that if foreign companies can help solve these challenges, it will help them build stronger political relationships. That kind of approach, many agreed, will prove more powerful than simply turning up and trying to arrange a meeting with a senior political figure.
"Our clients should pay more attention and effort to being a friendly company in China," said Zhao. "You don't need a very close relationship with government, but you should do the right things, you should be prepared for these changes."


text:
Joe Gambles, Lisa Norden On Top At 70.3 Syracuse
There were some new names and some old faces at the fourth running of Ironman 70.3 Syracuse in rural New York.
June 23, 2013 Kelly Dunleavy O'Mara
Photo: Delly Carr/Triathlon.org
There were some new names and some old faces at the fourth running of Ironman 70.3 Syracuse in rural New York. Olympic silver medalist Lisa Norden (SWE) proved she can dominate across the triathlon spectrum, winning by over 20 minutes. On the men's side, Joe Gambles (AUS) defended his title from last year with a solid win.
Although Gambles trailed coming out of the water, he took the lead on the second half of the bike and never looked back. Sam Douglas (AUS) came into T1 first in 25:30, with Gambles (26:28) and John Polson (AUS) (26:29) trailing him. Another minute behind them were Ryan Bates (USA), James Lamastra (USA) and Tim Snow (USA).
Gambles passed Douglas during the second half of the bike and entered T2 first after a race-best 2:11:38 bike split. Douglas biked the second-fastest of the day (2:13:57) and was only 1:12 behind Gambles starting the run. He was followed, nearly eight minutes back, by Polson, who biked a 2:22:51, and another three minutes back by Mike Hermanson (USA), who biked a 2:24:15.
On the run, Gambles widened his solid lead to a sizable win with a race-best run of 1:21:45 to finish in 4:02:58. Douglas slowed, running just a 1:26:56, but had a solid gap over Poulson and crossed the line in second in 4:09:28. Poulson ran a 1:24:24 to take the last spot on the podium in 4:16:48.
It was no surprise that Norden would lead in the water, coming out first in 26:52. Dede Griesbauer (USA) was right on her heels, though, with a 27:02 swim. The two of them had over a minute on Suzanne Serpico (USA) and Robin Sandos (USA), who were next into T1 with 28:23 and 28:33 swims, respectively. The rest of the women's field, including Heather Lieggi (USA), Molly Roohi (USA), and Jennie Hansen (USA) were another four minutes back.
Norden rode away from Griesbauer with a race-best 2:23:52 and entered transition 13 minutes ahead of the American. Griesbauer rode the third-fastest time of the day (2:36:12), but couldn't keep up with the flying Swede. Following her were Lieggi, Hansen and Roohi, who biked 2:37:45, 2:37:15 and 2:37:27, respectively, while Serpico and Sandos fell off the pace.
Instead of slowing down and enjoying the dominant win, Norden simply opened the gap wider on the run. She ran a race-best 1:30:46 on the slow course to cross the finish line 4:24:37, over 20 minutes ahead of the next woman. That woman was Leiggi, who ran a 1:33:35 to hold onto second in 4:47:26. But, Roohi and Hansen were coming fast behind her. Roohi ran a 1:32:08 to finish in 4:47:41, while Hansen's 1:31:47 couldn't close the gap and she finished just six seconds back in 4:47:47. Griesbauer fell off in the run with a 1:45:07 and the fifth spot went to age-group racer Darbi Roberts (USA), who finished in 4:50:01.
Ironman 70.3 Syracuse
Syracuse, N.Y. – June 23, 2013
1.2-mile swim, 56-mile bike, 13.1-mile run
1. Joe Gambles – 4:02:58
2. Sam Douglas – 4:09:28
3. John Polson – 4:16:48
4. Mike Hermanson – 4:23:25
Christopher Thomas – 4:22:03*
1. Lisa Norden – 4:24:37
2. Heather Leiggi – 4:47:26
3. Molly Roohi – 4:47:41
4. Jennie Hansen – 4:47:47
Derbi Roberts – 4:50:01*
* Age-group athlete with a top-five finish time.
Our Twitter followers are the first to know about the latest in triathlon news. Follow us now @Triathletemag.
Joe Gambles
Hawaii Ironman World Championships 2022 Results: Kona Rookie American Chelsea Sodaro Rewrites History
Last Weekend Now: Triumph in Tempe and a Scorcher in Cozumel
Triathlon in a Futuristic Mega-City, U.S. Paratriathletes on Hot Streak, and the Toughest Two Tris in the Planet


As a celebration of the 1st anniversary of Agoraphobia, there will be available 48 unique pieces, tie-dyed, printed and numered by hand. Also we will included a 46 minutes mixtape. A review of one of the most representatives scratch songs to Dj Swet. All the covers are uniques: cuts from the photographies done by Álvaro Manof of Agoraphobia's promo, used photos and unpublished photos. It's a unique and exclusive edition to all the lovers of what is and was Turntablism.


Operations at terminals in the Port of Los Angeles and Long Beach were returning to normal Friday after an arbitrator ordered union longshoremen to end a work slowdown.
Longshoremen at the Southern California port complex slowed operations to a crawl Thursday after employers trimmed manpower on container crane crews.
"The arbitrator did find that there was a slowdown and ordered longshoremen to cease and desist," said Steve Sugarman, a spokesman for the Pacific Maritime Association, which represents port employers. "There have been no complaints from our members as of this morning."
Area arbitrator Dave Miller of Long Beach issued the ruling at 9 p.m. local time Thursday. It gave longshoremen until 12 a.m. Monday to end the protest.
Sugarman said that crane manning has continued at reduced levels following the slowdown, from four workers to three. "	We are hoping to get back to normal operations now," Sugarman said.


text:
package uk.co.compendiumdev.javafortesters.domain.cannedtext;

import uk.co.compendiumdev.javafortesters.domain.tree.TreeBranch;

public class CannedTextItemTreeFinder {
    private final TreeBranch<CannedTextItem> root;

    public CannedTextItemTreeFinder(TreeBranch<CannedTextItem> startRoot) {
        this.root = startRoot;
    }

    public CannedTextItem find(String id) {

        return finder(this.root, id);

    }

    private CannedTextItem finder(TreeBranch<CannedTextItem> aRoot, String id) {
        if(aRoot.isLeaf()){
            if(aRoot.getLeaf().getId().contentEquals(id)) {
                return aRoot.getLeaf();
            }else{
                return null;
            }
        }else {

            for (TreeBranch<CannedTextItem> child :aRoot.getChildren()) {
                // find in children
                CannedTextItem didIFind = finder(child, id);
                if(didIFind!=null){
                    return didIFind;
                }
            }
        }

        return null;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Carnival Cruise Line Earns Best Budget Cruise Award from Fodor's Travel
By Space Coast Daily // July 12, 2019
Carnival was acknowledged for its wide range of free-of-charge onboard experiences
Above, the Carnival Sunshine exits Port Canaveral. Carnival Cruise Line took home Best Budget Cruise honors in the first-ever Fodor's Travel Awards.
BREVARD COUNTY, FLORIDA – Carnival Cruise Line took home Best Budget Cruise honors in the first-ever Fodor's Travel Awards.
Determined by Fodor's editorial team of travel experts, the awards are intended to be more fun and inclusive than other travel awards and highlight travel standouts that have made an impact within the industry across a variety of categories.
Carnival was acknowledged for its wide range of free-of-charge onboard experiences including eateries like Guy's Burger Joint and Guy's Pig & Anchor Bar-B-Que Smokehouse developed with longtime partner and Food Network star Guy Fieri, BlueIguana Cantina, and 24/7 pizza and ice cream; the fleetwide Seuss at Sea program operated in partnership with Dr. Seuss Enterprises; entertainment options such as Playlist Productions shows and Punchliner Comedy Club performances; and Serenity adults-only retreats.
These and other features are part of a $2 billion ship refurbishment program that is transforming the Carnival fleet.
Carnival was acknowledged for its wide range of free-of-charge onboard experiences including eateries like Guy's Burger Joint and Guy's Pig & Anchor Bar-B-Que Smokehouse developed with longtime partner and Food Network star Guy Fieri, BlueIguana Cantina, and 24/7 pizza and ice cream; the fleetwide Seuss at Sea program operated in partnership with Dr. Seuss Enterprises; entertainment options such as Playlist Productions shows and Punchliner Comedy Club performances; and Serenity adults-only retreats. (Carnival Cruise line image)
Most recently, Carnival invested $200 million in the transformation of Carnival Sunrise, adding a host of new features such as the popular Lucky Bowl Asian venue, an expansion of the Cloud 9 Spa and a spectacular new WaterWorks aqua park.
"Value is an important part of the Carnival vacation experience, and to be recognized by the esteemed experts at Fodor's is a wonderful validation of our efforts to make our cruises not only the most fun, but the most affordable for our guests," said Richard Morse, Carnival's senior vice president of hotel operations.
Disney Cruise Line Wins Top Ocean Cruise Line in Travel + Leisure World's Best Awards


Angry, red, and lovable in stylized vinyl!
Red Hulk's head bobbles in rage!
Add the red behemoth to your collection!
This Red Hulk Marvel Pop! Vinyl Bobble Head stands 3 3/4-inches tall. The sylized vinyl figure of the Red Hulk is a bobble head and comes in a displayable window box. Ages 5 and up.
This Logan Wolverine Marvel Pop. Vinyl figure stands 3 3/4-inches tall. The sylized vinyl figure of Wolverine is a bobble head and comes in a displayable window box.


text:
LiTime unveils 100 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery for residential PV
Shenzhen LiTime Technology's new lithium iron phosphate battery system has a nominal voltage of 12.8 V and a capacity of 100 Ah. It comes with a five-year warranty and can purportedly operate for more than 4,000 cycles.
December 20, 2022 Emiliano Bellini
The 12V 100Ah Smart LiFePO4 Battery
Image: LiTime
LiTime has developed a new lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery storage system for residential rooftop PV projects.
"The 12 V 100 Ah Smart battery is an all-in-one LiFePO4 battery specifically designed for home solar energy storage, trolling motors, RVs, and more off-grid applications," said the Chinese battery manufacturer.
The system has a nominal voltage of 12.8 V and a capacity of 100 Ah. It measures 274 mm x 206.5 mm x 205 mm. It comes with a five-year warranty and can purportedly operate for more than 4,000 cycles.
"The low-temperature cutoff charging feature adds extra protection over the battery under freezing temperatures for a longer lifespan while allowing users to force charging for emergency use," said LiTime.
The device features one-touch control battery (OTCB) technology. The company says this can provide turn-on and turn-off functionality, as well as sleep mode activation and low-temp force charging. It is selling the devices for USD 479.99 ($715).
"It is one of the rare LiFePO4 lithium batteries that support both series and parallel connections on the market, so users can have more flexibility to customise power banks of different capacities," it said.
Emiliano Bellini
Emiliano joined pv magazine in March 2017. He has been reporting on solar and renewable energy since 2009.
More articles from Emiliano Bellini
Stackable Integrated Battery's most popular products in Europe in 2022
http://www.essvalley.com


Lots of our families and friends were able to join us for the Parent Food Hygiene Course in our Community Room. Thank you to Mrs. Maree for organising the opportunity. Together with the Forge Community Partnership, we were able to provide this opportunity for a Level 2 certification. A great effort all round, well done to the graduates.


Park Geunhye (born February 2, 1952) is a South Korean politician. She served as the President of South Korea from 2013 until her impeachment in 2017. She is the second daughter of Park Chung-hee, former President of South Korea. On December 19, 2012, she was elected president of the country. She was the first woman president of South Korea, having taken office on February 25, 2013. In 2013 and 2014, Park was named the world's 11th most powerful woman and the most powerful woman in East Asia by Forbes magazine.
Park was impeached on 10 March 2017 and was replaced by Prime Minister of South Korea Hwang Kyo-ahn.
On 9 December 2016, Park was impeached by the National Assembly on charges related to influence peddling by a top aide. Her presidential powers and duties have been suspended since the ratification of the impeachment proposal, and Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn has assumed those powers and duties as Acting President. She was officially removed from office on 10 March 2017.
↑ Sang-Hun, Choe (19 December 2012). "Park Geun-hye Is Elected South Korea's First Female President" – via NYTimes.com.
↑ "The World's 100 Most Powerful Women; 2015 RANKING". Forbes. Retrieved June 19, 2015.
↑ 3.0 3.1 Sang-hun, Choe (9 March 2017). "South Korea Removes President Park Geun-hye". The New York Times. New York Times. Retrieved 10 March 2017.


text:
Marmontel ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Antoine Marmontel (1816–1898), französischer Komponist
 Antonin Marmontel (1850–1907), französischer Komponist und Pianist
 Jean-François Marmontel (1723–1799), französischer Schriftsteller


dir: root directory from which to search for packages. May be either an absolute path or a path relative to the current working directory. Default: current working directory.
pattern: glob pattern used to find packages. Default: '**/package.json'.
ignore: list of glob patterns used to exclude matches.
To search from an alternative directory, set the dir option.
By default, the implementation searches for packages by finding package.json files. To provide an alternative include filter, set the pattern option.
To exclude matches, set the ignore option.
The function accepts the same options as findPkgs() above.
--pattern pattern     Inclusion glob pattern.
--ignore pattern      Exclusion glob pattern.
To provide multiple exclusion glob patterns, set multiple --ignore option arguments.


Though. Oct 10, pretty young woman can see us at 50 year old girls? We had a 20 years or a fling with a rarity who wants to. sdp2 dating alys perez soft copy the original dating a cancer woman fits the sobering statistics: given a woman fits the 26. They are something i was 26 years old when. Is 30 year old man marry a 25 year old woman and sincere guy, young woman ama watch. Kyle jones, when i was 28 than for fun, i'm a 45 years old woman.
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text:
Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › Courts of Appeals › Court of Customs and Patent Appeals › 1950 › In Re Arnold
In Re Arnold, 185 F.2d 686 (C.C.P.A. 1950)
U.S. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals (1909-1982) - 185 F.2d 686 (C.C.P.A. 1950) December 5, 1950
Curtis, Morris & Safford, New York City (Truman S. Safford, New York City, and J. Harold Kilcoyne, Washington, D. C., of counsel), for appellant.
E. L. Reynolds, Washington, D. C. (H. S. Miller, Washington, D. C., of counsel), for Commissioner of Patents.
Before GARRETT, Chief Judge, and JACKSON, O'CONNELL, JOHNSON, and WORLEY, Judges.
JOHNSON, Judge.
The appellant filed an application in the United States Patent Office for letters patent covering a method of treating certain materials by means of an alternating electrostatic field so as to fuse and bond the surface of the materials through the selective agitation of molecules at the surface, as distinguished from previously known methods of accomplishing by induction or dielectric heating similar results. The application was examined in the Patent Office as required by law, and the claims presented in the application were rejected as being unpatentable over certain patents cited as references. Preliminary to taking an appeal from the examiner's rejection to the Board of Appeals of the Patent Office, the applicant presented several amendments for the purpose of placing his claims in better form for appeal. Newly presented claims 39, 40, 44, and 45 were held to be allowable, and the appeal to the Board of Appeals was from the final rejection of claims 34 to 38, 41, 42, 43, 46, and 47. The Board of Appeals affirmed the rejection of the claims on the ground that they are unpatentable over the following United States patents: Pitman, 2,087,480, July 20, 1937; Kassner, 2,089,966, Aug. 17, 1937; Keller, 2,179,261, Nov. 7, 1939. The patent applicant twice petitioned for reconsideration by the board of its decision. Unavailing, he brings the case before us on appeal. R.S. 4911, 35 U.S.C.A. § 59a; 28 U.S.C.A. § 1542.
Appellant has consistently contended both within the Patent Office and here that the examiner and later the Board of Appeals failed to understand his invention and consequently misapplied the disclosures of the reference patents to his claims. The applicant appeared pro se at the oral argument here to explain the technical substance of his method, as he stated, because of the misunderstanding which he believes has occasioned the rejection in the Patent Office of the claims at bar.
Appellant's method relates to subjecting material to a high frequency alternating electrostatic field, and particularly to applying the energy of the field to selective portions or locations in the material to accomplish a variety of useful results, including welding or bonding and fusion. The use of high frequency alternating electrostatic fields to heat bodies as in welding or bonding operations is not new with appellant, but by his method of selective application of the energy of the field, he contends that he can induce in the material being treated "phenomena similar to those which occur at higher temperatures while the actual temperature of the material remains below that at which they ordinarily occur." It appears that when a polar substance is subjected to an alternating field, the field exerts a moment of force upon individual molecules comprising the body. If the molecules are thought of as having positive and negative charges separated in space along the molecule, it will be seen that the electrostatic field will tend to attract the positive charge toward one electrode and the negative charge toward the other electrode. As the polarity of the alternating field is reversed, the pull on the molecules is also reversed. As the frequency of the alternating field is increased, the molecules have less time after each reversal of polarity to align themselves to the reversed polarity of the field, with the result that the motion of the molecules will begin to decrease as the frequency is further increased. As that phenomenon occurs, an accelerating change in the dielectric constant of the material takes place. The range within the frequency of the alternating electrostatic field at which those phenomena occur is the anomalous dispersion range of the material. At the center frequency of that range, the average of the motions of the molecules induced by the alternating field is at a maximum. In this range maximum energy absorption is said to occur.
Appellant's discovery is not the principle of the anomalous dispersion range. He determines by known methods the anomalous dispersion range "for the particular material and for the particular conditions of treatment." As the field corresponding to the center of that range is first applied, appellant states, "the temperature of the substance is not abruptly increased as might be expected," and "since the relaxation time may be different for each molecule and for given molecules in each environment," he has found "that by the use of this mechanism" he can "selectively induce one substance within a body or material to behave as though it were at a higher temperature than the rest of the body." Thus, appellant states, he "may cause the surface of a body to fuse without fusing the interior."
The drawings of the application illustrate an apparatus for practicing appellant's method as it relates to bonding or welding together two sheets of thermoplastic material. "When a homogeneous material is used in this way," the specification states, "it is found that the molecules at the surface respond more readily to the alternating field, and therefore will have their range of anomalous dispersion at a somewhat higher frequency than the molecules in the interior of the body. Advantageously, therefore, the higher frequency is selected to give a maximum effect at the surface." The specification then states that "This effect may be further increased by the use of a surface coating to which the frequency is attuned." That coating may be a plasticizer with an anomalous dispersion range different from that of the bodies being bonded. There the frequency is one in the anomalous dispersion range of the plasticizer or it may be a complex frequency including one in the anomalous dispersion range of the plastic material as well as one in the range of the plasticizer.
Where a plasticizer is used, thermoplastic sheets are overlapped and passed between the pressure roller electrodes of an apparatus described in the application. The material is exposed to the selected high frequency field, and as the material passes between the rollers, "there is an instantaneous fusing of the surface" which under the pressure of the rollers produces a bond, the material coming out from between the electrode rollers "without overheating and apparently at a temperature below the normal softening point of the thermoplastic."
The specification states that the same procedure may be followed without the use of the plasticizer coating, but that "the process is more sensitive to exact frequency control since the frequency to which the surface molecules respond is closer to that at which the interior molecules respond so that uncontrolled variations in the circuit may result in a softening of the entire sheet with a consequent squeezing out of material from between the rolls."
Claim 34 is illustrative of the subject matter on appeal, and reads as follows: "34. The method of welding adjoining bodies at least one of which embodies in its substance molecular units responsive to alternating electrostatic fields, those of said units at the surface of said body and in the area to be welded having an anomalous dispersion range the center frequency of which is different from the center frequency of the corresponding anomalous dispersion range of similar units within the interior of said body, which comprises exposing said body, while the surfaces of said bodies are substantially in contact, to an alternating electrostatic field of frequency at a center frequency of the range of anomalous dispersion for said units at the surface of said body under the conditions of treatment, said welding being completed while the temperatures of said bodies remain below their normal softening temperatures."
The patent to Pitman relates to a method for cementing shoe parts, such as a leather sole and upper, by activating a cement applied to the surfaces to be bonded with heat generated "within and/or adjacent" the cement film by high frequency alternating electrical current. Speaking of the frequency of current required, Pitman states that it may vary within wide limits, mentions a specific frequency, and concludes: "It has been found that with each cement an optimum change from electrical energy to heat energy is obtainable * *. * * * the optimum frequency will readily be found by testing a few different values in the above range; * * *." With this statement there should be compared applicant's disclosure of a general procedure for locating the anomalous dispersion range for the particular material to be tested: "Wherever a substantial difference appears between the dielectric constant for the material at one frequency and the dielectric constant at the next frequency chosen * * * at least a part of a range of anomalous dispersion lies between the frequencies used in these two tests. By making additional tests more closely spaced within this area * * *" there will be accurately located, appellant states, the desired central frequency of the anomalous dispersion range.
The Kassner patent relates to a process for altering the energy content of dipolar substances by subjecting them to rapidly oscillating electromagnetic fields. Kassner states that his process depends on characteristic periods and frequencies of dipolar substances such as (1) the relaxation time of the orientation of the dipoles when exposed to a varying electric field; and (2) the period of natural oscillation relative to each other of the charges constituting a dipole. He teaches that since dipolar molecules are carriers of electric charges they oscillate in the presence of an alternating electrical field and absorb energy from the field. The excitation is especially strong and energy absorption especially great under conditions of resonance. Plotting frequency and energy absorption graphically, he points out that the depicted region of sudden change is the anomalous dispersion region. Kassner teaches that "dipolar substances * * * behave in a thoroughly new and unforseen manner when they are subjected to the action of an electromagnetic radiation field which oscillates mainly or wholly in at least one of the frequencies which is the same as one of the natural frequencies of the said substances * *. The term `natural frequency' is intended to mean the range of frequency of the anomalous dispersion and resonance dispersions." He adds, "From the previously described connection between resonance frequency and anomalous dispersion position it results that the latter is a suitable indicator for the resonance frequency."
With Kassner's teaching of the relation of the anomalous dispersion range or region to conditions of resonance there may be compared the statement in applicant's specification that "When the treatment is proceeding the circuit should be tuned to resonance at the particular frequency selected within the anomalous dispersion range and changes in the dielectric between the electrodes or in the spacing of the electrodes will, of course, affect the desired condition of resonance. * * * By means of a tuning motor controlled by a photo-electric relay the circuit may thus be kept in constant resonance and tuned to give the highest efficiency of treatment." Appellant in his specification elsewhere states, "Although I have described above and find it advantageous to use a circuit tuned to resonance at the particular frequency selected, it is also possible to operate with de-tuned circuits * * *."
Keller's patent relates to a method of heating nonconducting molding materials quickly and uniformly throughout their mass by means of a high frequency field where the material and electrodes comprise a tuning condenser for a power oscillator supplying current. Changes in the capacity of the circuit due to variations of the dielectric constant of the molding material as heating progresses are said to produce corresponding changes in the frequency of the oscillator, keeping thereby the dielectric loss in the material at a maximum throughout the heating operation. The dielectric constant is described as increasing in magnitude as the temperature of the material rises, but the load circuit is kept resonant to the oscillator frequency by a tuning condenser. In this connection, appellant in his specification states: "A further result of using the high frequencies most suitable to purposes of my invention, is the sensitivity of the circuit to various changes in dielectric between the electrodes." He then states that the circuit should be kept resonant as quoted in the preceding paragraph.
Claim 34 was considered by the Board of Appeals to recite in substance the step of applying an electrostatic field the frequency of which yields the greatest degree of energy absorption at the surface of the material being treated. Operating in accordance with Pitman's process was held by the board to satisfy that step. To appellant's contention that Pitman's process heats the layer of cement between the leather elements being united whereas his method agitates the molecules at the surface of the materials being treated, the board held that in view of the provision in appellant's specification for the use on the surface of the material of a plasticizer coating with an anomalous dispersion range different from that of the material, there was no distinction between Pitman's surface layer and appellant's. In view of the teaching of Kassner's patent of the unique behavior of dipolar substances in absorbing energy at the natural frequency or anomalous dispersion range, and Pitman's teaching of the use of a frequency yielding an optimum change from electrical energy to heat energy, the board held there was no invention in the process of claim 34 in requiring the application of a frequency such that the energy is absorbed at the surfaces. In reply to appellant's first petition for rehearing, the board stated that a discovery by appellant that surface molecular units possess an anomalous dispersion range different from similar molecular units within the body concerned did not warrant allowance of claims substantially providing for the procedural steps involved in Pitman's process.
Appellant's position on appeal, as stated in his brief, is that his method is concerned with the selective activation of the molecules at the surface of "the body which is to be welded," whereas Pitman is concerned with the activation or heating of the entire layer of cement which would be coated on one of two bodies to be joined together. Pitman's process, he contends, does not produce selective activation of the molecules at the surface either of "the body which is to be welded" or the cement layer applied to that body. Appellant states that if his principles were applied to Pitman's arrangement, only the molecules at the surface of the cement coating would be energized, and not the entire layer of cement as is Pitman's case. That difference is stated by appellant to be the basis of his appeal. The Board of Appeals and the examiner in his view "failed to recognize, or completely ignored" the distinction he urges between a surface and a layer.
Appellant in urging the difference between "surface" and "layer" appears to have in mind that the basis of the rejection of claim 34 by the examiner and the board was "anticipation." Thus it is stated in his brief that "the Pitman patent contains no disclosure anticipating this claim or any other claim here on appeal." Again, at the conclusion of his brief, appellant states that "the processes set forth in these claims are not anticipated by any of the reference patents and that the Board of Appeals erred in rejecting these claims." The rejection by the examiner as well as the decision of the board, however, was that the claims at bar lack invention and thus are unpatentable over the references, not that they lack novelty and are thus anticipated by the references.
The issue in this case is not so much whether the references contain an explicit disclosure that bonding may be accomplished by the application of an alternating electric field at a frequency within the anomalous dispersion range of the molecules at the surface of the bodies to be bonded, as it is with a consideration of whether it amounts to invention for appellant to do that in the face of Pitman's teaching respecting an optimum frequency for changing electrical energy into heat energy in a layer of cement applied to the surface, Kassner's teaching of the relationship of anomalous dispersion range to the frequency of an alternating electrostatic field in producing maximum energy absorption in a dipolar substance, and Keller's teaching of the maintenance of a resonant circuit when molding materials are subjected to an alternating electrostatic field and the interrelationship of the frequency, dielectric constant, and temperature in such a circuit. In discussing the prior art references in the forepart of this opinion we have shown that the teaching of each patent appears to be integrated in some measure into appellant's specification. Basically the principles and techniques set forth by the appellant in his specification are those disclosed in the references as indicated, with the exception that in none of the references is it suggested that the anomalous dispersion range of a dipolar substance may be one thing for molecules in the interior of the substance and another thing for the molecules comprising a so-called surface layer. This latter, if it is a fact, is concededly appellant's discovery, at least so far as the record before us is concerned.
Does the discovery of that fact and its utilization in the selection of the particular frequency of the alternating electrostatic field to be used in the bonding operation entitle the appellant to a patent on the claims here at bar? It is admittedly old in the art to pass a high frequency current between electrodes applied to opposite sides of a layer or layers of material to be bonded. The art of record here shows further that it is old to select a frequency from within the anomalous dispersion range of the material most effectively to utilize the energy of the high frequency field. The improvement appellant adds flows from his discovery that the surface molecules of the material have an anomalous dispersion range of their own distinct from that of the molecules in the inner portion of the material. Having discovered that phenomenon of nature, appellant merely uses the well known procedure for bonding by means of a high frequency field, selecting the particular frequency his discovery informs him is peculiar to the surface molecules of the material involved under the conditions of treatment. Appellant has not invented any new art or improvement embodying or utilizing his discovery of a scientific or natural principle; rather he has used a well known procedure for bonding by means of a high frequency field and merely selected the particular frequency to be used in that procedure which the scientific principle he has discovered indicates to be appropriate. That is not invention. Davison Chemical Corp. v. Joliet Chemicals Inc., 7 Cir., 179 F.2d 793, certiorari denied, 71 S. Ct. 45; Funk Brothers Seed Co. v. Kalo Inoculant Co., 333 U.S. 127, 68 S. Ct. 440, 92 L. Ed. 588; Allen v. Coe, 77 U.S.App.D.C. 324, 135 F.2d 11; In re Walker, 99 F.2d 976, 26 C.C.P.A., Patents, 739; In re Mason, 87 F.2d 370, 24 C.C.P.A., Patents, 842. Claim 34 and closely related claims 35, 36, 37, and 38 are accordingly unpatentable.
Claim 41 differs from the preceding claims and calls for a method of selectively fusing one material in the presence of other materials by selecting an alternating electrostatic field frequency near the center of the anomalous dispersion range of the material which is to be fused, and adjusting the conditions of treatment to compensate for the shift in the anomalous dispersion range produced during the progress of the treatment. The "adjusting the conditions of treatment" portion of the claim is adequately taught by Keller. Kassner provides a sufficient disclosure of the balance of the claim. In view of the rejection of all of the claims at bar as unpatentable over Pitman in view of either Kassner or Keller, claim 41 must stand rejected. Claim 42, similar to claim 41, is clearly unpatentable over the references. In each of those claims, a frequency within the anomalous dispersion range of the material itself as distinguished from a range peculiar to molecules at the surface of that material, is applied, and such a method as claims 41 and 42 state is taught by the references. Claim 43 adds to claims 41 and 42 the adjustment feature of claim 41 which as we have seen is met by Keller.
Claim 46 calls for applying energy selectively to a polymeric hydrocarbon by means of a high voltage field increasing thereby the polarization of the hydrocarbon so as to shift the anomalous dispersion range, and applying an alternating frequency within the shifted anomalous dispersion range. We agree with the examiner's analysis that Pitman's alternative use of vinyl compositions (hydrocarbons), Kassner's statement of the theory of polarization, and Keller's discussion of the use of relatively high voltage, preclude the patentability of claim 46. Claim 47 is dependent upon claim 46, specifying that the hydrocarbon is subjected during treatment to "a pressure of between 10 and 102 watts per square inch." That meaningless addition to claim 46 fails to confer patentability upon the claim.
For the reasons stated, the decision of the Board of Appeals rejecting all of the claims at bar is affirmed.


What is the real value of domestic workers? What is real value, period, and how is it linked to our values? Is one person's R10 worth more than another's? What can we learn from domestic workers about budgeting and investing? Finally, who are the Khumalos, the Naidoos, and the Krugers and why do we try so hard to keep up with them? This and more in a very rich (pun intended) conversation with Nikki, a financial planner, on the world of maidenomics.


If you are looking for the most preferred products, you can just pick a category, then you will certainly see one of the most popular items of this group. Or you enter your search term in the search area as well as choose the thing "most watched" in the extended search. Currently, because of this, you will get one of the most prominent items from all groups. The search for one of the most preferred items on ebay reveals you not only the variety of observers of these items, but likewise how many of these products have actually already been sold. Incorporating these two items of information offers you a good sign of how prominent this product is, because when a great deal of individuals see an item and after that this item is marketed commonly, it may be an actual deal.


text:
Beyond wealth
Is volatility here to stay?
Is volatility a good or bad thing for corporates and institutions? In this Investec Focus Radio podcast, we explore how to manage risk in an increasingly uncertain world.
Volatility in financial markets came sharply into focus in 2018 as the first signs of an ageing equity bull market showed themselves in the first quarter of the year. After a period of relative calm and recovery the fourth quarter continued the theme of the first with some terrific downside moves.
But it's not just the equity asset class that was subjected to wild swings and thus heightened volatility. Everything from currencies to commodities to fixed income displayed the same volatile characteristics.
Was 2018 a once off, or is volatility the 'new normal'?
David Gracey, head of Fixed Income and Currencies at Investec thinks it is. "Volatility is part of our world, with regular bouts of extreme volatility becoming more and more regular".
His colleague in Fixed Income, Denvin Naidoo, concurs. "It's more and more a part of our daily lives, and when volatility occurs it affects liquidity and therefore our market making abilities".
Listen to podcast: finding opportunity in volatility
Investec's David Gracey and Denvin Naidoo discuss how corporates and institutions can manage risk in uncertain times.
A double-edged sword
Typically a fixed income and currency desk at a major institution like Investec will be multi-functionality organism. Apart from market making and hedging clients' risk exposure, there might also be proprietary trading activities that look for the risk that others are seeking to avoid. Volatility can thus be a double-edged sword.
The difference between implied and historic volatility is also an important factor. Historic volatility is an actual, quantifiable measure whereas implied volatility is a measure of volatility that an options trader, for example, will introduce to a pricing model and will habitually be higher than historic in order to hedge against extreme events.
Simply put, if a market is volatile, option prices become more expensive.
Are algos driving volatility?
But apart from extraneous events that cause volatility, does the financial services industry itself contribute to heightened volatile activity?
"Algorithmic trading programmes (algos) have been the cause of dramatic price movements, so yes they are a factor", says Gracey. "But at the same time, they often provide people like us with increased liquidity, essential to our activities."
How to manage volatility
It appears then that volatility is here to stay, which means the management of volatility is a skill that is at a premium.
"We have to be very aware of different potential risks, and spend a lot of time forecasting potential scenarios for our clients," explains Naidoo.
Gracey expands on that theme: "We've been talking to Eskom for 18 months and in our opinion, the market was underpricing the risks associated with its balance sheet. The volatility in the Rand we're seeing now is a result, and we factored that into our models."
If volatility is here to stay, do South African companies, state-owned enterprises and even individuals manage it responsibly?
"It's human nature to underprice potential risk going forward."
"We deal with a lot of institutional clients, and they are very aware of it and build their own in-house models to deal with it" explains Naidoo.
Gracey, however, sounds a note of caution. "The advent of optionality has really helped institutions and corporates, but treasury departments need to be aware of them and smooth risks over time. Sometimes they're not, perhaps because of the fear factor."
Naidoo agrees: "It's human nature to underprice potential risk going forward".
So volatility is now a normal part of our lives, whether it be from a mismanaged balance sheet, a computer-generated trading system or a careless word from a rogue politician. Happily, the tools are at our disposal to thwart it.
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We look forward to sharing out of the ordinary insights with you
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Home » Insects and other invertebrates » fall webworms
Category Archives: fall webworms
Woolly Bears and Tiger Moths
Posted on September 1, 2010 by Marcia Bonta	| 8 Comments
Woolly Worm Festival by Gideon Lichfield (Creative Commons BY-NC-SA licence)
What child is not intrigued by woolly bear caterpillars? Our little granddaughter, Elanor, certainly is. Last September she gathered up a handful of the bristly creatures as they paraded across our veranda and claimed them as pets. I tried to discourage her, but she was adamant, and her father, Steve, who is an amateur entomologist in his spare time, humored her.
Later, I was relieved to learn that because woolly bear caterpillars are almost fully fed in the fall and will eat a wide variety of green plants that their pint-sized captors will feed them, they make good, short-term pets.
But folks in Banner Elk, North Carolina, take woolly bear caterpillar pet-owning to a much higher level. They hold a two-day, Woolly Worm Festival the third weekend in October. Although the festival has hundreds of food vendors and varied live entertainment, for 33 years it has focused on Woolly Worm Races. Last October, 1,604 racing caterpillars and their young trainers competed, and nine-year-old Noah Jens' pet, Wilbur, won the thousand dollar prize.
To compete, every woolly bear had to race up a three-foot length of string. Since they move on average four feet a minute, the numerous races don't last very long. Once they declare a winner, after dozens of heats, they use the pattern and color of the woolly bear champion to forecast winter weather. According to the woollyworm.com website, "the Woolly Bear caterpillar has 13 brown and black segments that correspond to the 13 weeks of winter. The lighter brown a segment is, the milder that week of winter will be. The darker a segment is, the colder and snowier the corresponding week will be.'
I don't think I'll accept that bit of folklore, because one woolly bear I saw last fall was almost entirely brown except for its black end, and we had a terrifically long and snowy winter. Furthermore, scientists claim that woolly bear caterpillars have six or seven instars and the older they are the more brown hairs they have; hence, my woolly bear was merely an old one.
Still, I'm sure the Woolly Worm Festival, which had 20,000 attendees last fall, with its face-painting, dancing, and live bands, is a lot of fun and possibly the only festival in North America devoted to a caterpillar.
wooly bear caterpillar by Tony the Misfit on Flickr (CC Attribution licence)
The woolly bear, also called the "black-ended bear," "fuzzy-wuzzy," "woolly worm," and "banded woolly bear," spends the winter under leaf litter and boards, although we have them curled up on our outside cellar stairs and on our heated basement floor. Then, it pupates the following spring. Eventually, it morphs into the orange-yellow Isabella tiger moth—Pyrrharctica Isabella—one of 11,000 members of the Arctiidae family worldwide.
Like many tiger moth caterpillars, they taste bad to predators so they don't bother to hide during the day, but why they wander when they aren't particular about their food, puzzles researchers. In fact, many temperate arctiids, which include such species on our property as milkweed tussock moths (Euchaetes egle), fall webworms (Hyphantria cunea), unexpected cycnias (Cycnia inopinatus), dogbane tiger moths (Cycnia tenera), virgin tiger moths (Grammia virgo), giant leopard moths (Hypercompe scribonia), Clymene's haploas (Haploa clymene), and banded tussock moths (Halysidota tessellaris)—are the only abundant, widespread, and species-rich lineage of Lepidoptera that crawl over bare ground during the day in North America.
Most are dietary generalists; fall webworms, for instance, eat over 400 plant species. Yellow bears (Spilosoma virginica), which are common in gardens and yards of the eastern United States, like a host of low-growing plants as well as woody shrubs and trees.
Instead of defending themselves, many arctiid caterpillars fall to the ground if they are disturbed or, like woolly bears and giant leopard moths, curl up in a ball. The gregarious fall webworms in their messy nests thrash their bodies from side to side in unison.
Arctiid caterpillars also take part in "walkabouts" in the fall. A small peak in hormones that makes them stop eating, empty their guts, and search for a good place to spend the winter triggers this behavior. While most overwinter as half-grown caterpillars, some species, such as milkweed tussock moths, banded tussock moths, and fall webworms, overwinter as pupae.
Arctiids are unpalatable to predators because either they have inborn noxious chemicals or obtain noxious chemicals through the plants they eat. The acquired chemicals are pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from principally the snakeroots and ragworts or cardenolids or cardiac glycosides found in milkweeds and dogbanes, which affect the hearts of vertebrates. Unexpected cycnias, though, are dietary specialists and only eat butterfly weeds, a species of milkweed.
milkweed tussock moth caterpillar by Bruce Bodjack (CC BY-NC-SA licence)
Arctiid caterpillars can also hear. Researcher Raeleen Wilson, who worked with milkweed tussock caterpillars, discovered that their tufts of secondary setae (hair-like outgrowths from their bodies) are actually their ears and suspects it is true for other arctiid caterpillars as well. She suggests whimsically that we should hum at other species of caterpillars and see if they react. Probably, they are listening for the wing beats of parasitoid wasps so they can hide. Fall webworms, for instance, are parasitized by more than 50 species of parasitic wasps and flies, creating what David L. Wagner in his Caterpillars of Eastern North America calls a "parasitoid hotel" in their nests.
When arctiids metamorphize into moths, they have ears on the third and last segment of the thorax or body. Instead of flying in loops to avoid bats, they answer the bats ultrasonically. Even headless dogbane tiger moths will continue to click in response to bats as long as three hours after their decapitation. When moths ultrasound, bats break off their pursuit for one of three reasons, according to researchers. In the case of the southwestern tiger moth species Grote's Bertholdia (Bertholdia trigona) and probably other species, as well, they jam the sonar of their main predators—big brown bats. For other tiger moths, the sounds startle the bat, giving the moths time to escape. Still other moths use their ultrasound to warn bats that they are toxic so the bats will leave them alone.
But many species of arctiid moths, including the Isabella tiger moth, also use their ultrasonic buzzes for courtship. The males of most species emit these sounds before releasing pheromones (odors that attract another member of the same species) to attract females, but Isabella tiger moths, along with ruby tiger moths (Phragmatobia fuliginosa), are unique because only the females produce their ultrasonic buzzes. Sound is particularly important to milkweed tussock moths and other species that courtship feed on cardenolide plants because they don't produce pheromones and need sound to attract mates.
But in most arctiid species, a female begins the courtship process by releasing a volatile pheromone from a gland near the tip of her abdomen. This forms an odor plume that a male follows upwind to a female. Such a pheromone release is known as "calling" and occurs at a certain time of day or night depending on the species. To emit these pheromones, a female takes an elevated post with her wings in a V shape, turns her pheromone gland inside out and then rhythmically pumps out many droplets of pheromone once every few seconds and for several minutes at a time. Some of this scent enters the wind stream. The Isabella tiger moth is particularly adept at this, emitting copious amounts of her pheromone which wafts her odor plume farther downwind than most moths.
A male tiger moth finds a calling female by flying upwind. If he loses contact with her odor plume, he practices "casting behavior," by zigzagging laterally across the wind line until he makes upwind progress towards the female. Once he gets close, he emits ultrasonic clicks that she answers with her own clicks.
Isabella tiger moth (adult form of woolly bear) by Steve Jurvetson (CC Attribution licence)
Some arctiid males also have scent organs that they use during courtship to release pheromones. Apparently, they are advertising the fact that they have fed on PAs and can offer females a nuptial gift containing a defensive alkaloid that will protect them and when transferred to their eggs, their offspring.
As researchers work with more of these interesting species, they discover fascinating variation in their behavior patterns. The dogbane tiger moth male emits a six-second sound at the same time as he releases a cloud of pheromone. If he can't produce one of these cues, a female flees. A denizen of fields, powerline right-of-ways and other open habitats, one of these caterpillars that feed on dogbane will deposit 50 to 60 eggs on the underside of a dogbane leaf.
The virgin tiger moth plays possum when it is handled roughly. It flips its wings over its thorax and curls its abdomen downward, conspicuously displaying its bright yellow-and-black coloration until danger is passed.
The great leopard moth engages in chemical warfare by exposing its orange-marked, metallic blue abdomen and secreting an acrid-smelling solution from glands located in the first segment below its head. We see almost as many giant leopard moth caterpillars in the fall as we do the woolly bears. Large, black, and densely-covered with stiff bristles, they too eat a wide variety of plants including cherry, dandelion, oak, plantain, sunflower, violet and willow. They also spend the winter as caterpillars under logs and bark. Unfortunately, tachnid flies frequently parasitize them so they stay hidden in leaf litter or under loose bark during the day when the flies are abroad. Folks often find them when they are raking up leaves or cleaning their yards, but we see them out late in the fall after the flies are gone. The moth is large and white, its forewings and thorax boldly spotted with black, altogether a handsome moth.
Some years we have a plague of banded tussock moths—hairy, yellow-brown caterpillars with black and white lashes at either end of their bodies. They feed on dozens of plants, including the black walnut trees encircling our front porch where we eat our dinner during the warm months. Since birds don't like these distasteful caterpillars, they are conspicuous and sometimes invade our porch and table by the dozens, disgusting our visitors from the suburbs, but delighting their children and our grandchildren.
Still another hairy caterpillar our granddaughter croons over is the handsome black and white hickory tussock moth (Lophocampa caryae), which also likes black walnut trees, in addition to hickory, ash, elm, oak, willow, and American hornbeam. They lay their eggs in large batches and during their early instars remain in clusters of 1000 or more caterpillars. Sometimes they irrupt and cause local defoliation, but I've never noticed such damage here.
Trying to identify caterpillars and moths continues to be a challenge for me. One that intrigued me turned out to be still another tiger moth called Clymene's haploa. With its wings closed, the brown marking on its cream-colored forewings makes an inverted cross. Its bristly, black and orange caterpillar specializes in PA-rich plants especially joe-pye weed and snakeroot. It overwinters as a caterpillar and pupates in early summer.
Moths of most species and their caterpillars remain understudied, probably because so many of them come out only at night and/or are small and incredibly numerous. We have far more moths than butterflies. Amateur moth buffs, even in eastern North America, can make new discoveries, especially if they are interested in behavior as well as identification. But those of us who are not night owls are pleased to see and identify numerous day-flying moths and search for their caterpillars. I've made only a start with tiger moths and woolly bears.
woolly bear and hickory tussock moth caterpillars by Seabrooke Leckie (CC BY-NC-SA licence)
Posted in Animal Behavior, Brush Mountain/ Plummer's Hollow, fall webworms, Family, tiger moths, tussock moths, woolly-bear caterpillar
Walking the Lines
Posted on September 1, 2001 by Marcia Bonta	| Leave a comment
"Good fences make good neighbors," Robert Frost once wrote. So do good surveys.
After procrastinating for years, we bit the financial bullet and hired a surveyor to survey our square mile of mountain land. The surveyor was the same one who had surveyed a portion of our property years ago when we had bought some more acreage. He had also surveyed another bordering neighbor's property so we figured he already had a head start on the job.
Finally, after months of work, both in the field and the courthouse, he had finished, and my husband Bruce and I were eager to walk the lines he had marked.
The 25th of September promised to be fine, according to the weather forecast, but it was a chill 44 degrees and misty when we started out at eight in the morning. Black-capped chickadees, black-throated green warblers, and tufted titmice sang, called, and foraged in the yard black walnut trees while a gray catbird scolded from the depths of the forsythia bushes where it had nested in early summer. Blue jays and eastern towhees called on Sapsucker Ridge and white-tailed deer played tag in First Field.
We crossed First Field–still bright with goldenrod–and stopped to examine fat, torpid bumblebees clinging to the flowers, waiting for the day's promised warmth to rouse them. Halfway through Margaret's Woods, we turned left on to the Steiner/Scott Trail, which we had named in honor of two men who had hunted on this section of the property most of their lives.
As we ascended Sapsucker Ridge, a cardinal "chipped" in alarm at us, an always merry-sounding Carolina wren called and sang, and eastern towhees continued their antiphonal calling. A tangle of Pennsylvania smartweed blanketed the trail while hay-scented ferns grew along the trail's edge and spilled over the bank. Tempting bunches of grapes dangled from wild grapevines twining over black locust saplings.
Then we hit the dead zone of fall webworms. Entire trees and shrubs were swathed in shroud-like webs, the worst outbreak we had seen in many years.
Fall webworms are the offspring of small, white moths that overwinter as lacy, brown-colored cocoons in the soil. The moths emerge in May, mate, and the females then lay clusters of eggs on the undersides of tree leaves. Those eggs hatch into hairy, grayish caterpillars with shiny, reddish-brown heads, a series of double black dots on their backs and reddish-brown dots along their sides. They immediately crawl to the tip ends of tree branches where they spin their webs as self-protection while they eat the tree leaves.
The late June brood is barely noticeable because it does little damage, but every seven to ten years the late brood in August and September runs amok. The leaves, though, have almost completed their cycle and will soon drop, so fall webworms do minimal damage to trees. Although they will eat any deciduous tree leaves, they favor wild black cherry, black walnut, and domestic fruit trees on our mountain.
But when we reached the mountaintop and turned left on Big Tree Trail, we found that fall webworms had also denuded witch hazel trees as well as every cherry tree along the ridge. Despite what the experts say, our fall webworms have never eaten oak leaves, so we were able to stop and admire the 44-inch diameter red oak for which the trail is named.
Eventually, the trail met the first of the orange surveyor marks, and we were finally walking the line. Big Tree Trail went downslope toward First Field while we continued straight ahead on Sapsucker Ridge Trail through a forest dominated by large black cherry trees.
Noise from Interstate 99 and the railroad below was amplified by thick valley fog. Even voices drifted up from 1500 feet below. The promised warmth and sunshine never materialized. Instead, a cold fog billowed in from the south as we walked along the ridgetop.
Once, we stopped to look at "holey water," as Peter Marchand called it in a recent Natural History article. This water found in tree holes sometimes contains "hidden reservoirs of biodiversity," Marchand says, nurturing as many as 140 species of protozoa, flagellate algae, bacteria and aquatic larval invertebrates such as mosquitoes, moth flies, wood gnats, midges, punkies, marsh beetles and syrphid flies.
The best tree holes are those that occur where trees grow together at the base, such as the twin chestnut oak tree we looked at. It had grafted together to form a catchment basin called a pan at its juncture and was lined with seamless, waterproof bark tissue.
But tree holes also develop in a single tree if the bark is injured, such as in the black birch tree hole we discovered next. Fungi and bacteria enter the tree, creating a hole by decay that the tree walls off with callus tissue, again forming a cavity large enough to hold water. Still other single tree holes form when branches break off during wind and ice storms.
There are tree holes and then there are outstanding tree holes. The two we found had the necessary stem flow trails down the bark that channel rainwater into the holes, carrying nutrients from leaves and bark. Autumn leaf fall supplies the rest of the energy tree hole communities need to survive, but the amount of water and leaves must be carefully balanced. If there is too much organic matter, it lowers the number of species and density of populations because it soaks up too much water.
Even though I poked a stick into the organic soup of moldering leaves, it was difficult to tell whether our tree holes contained enough of the needed balance to provide a food chain from protozoans to marsh beetle larvae, the keystone species of tree holes. All I could see was a drowned fall webworm in the chestnut oak tree hole and a drowned green caterpillar in the black birch.
We left the tree holes near the Sapsucker Ridge Trail to follow the line, maneuvering over large, moss-covered rocks. Clumps of white birches growing on the ridgetop were already an autumn yellow and covered with seed cones. Early autumnal color–the brilliant orange, crimson, purple and gold of black gum–decked the forest understory.
As we walked, an almost steady stream of deer ran off. Chipmunks "chipped" and gray squirrels scolded. All were no doubt drawn by the acorns pelting down in the chilly breeze.
Finally, we reached the middle of the Second Thicket, the end of our line on Sapsucker Ridge, and turned left down the steep ridge, accompanied by the calls of American robins and blue jays. Slipping and sliding, we passed wild grapevines overhanging Hercules club trees and, since this area had been logged by a neighbor before our survey, abundant hay-scented ferns and Japanese barberry shrubs. What had once been a diverse thicket of trees and shrubs that provided shade for 100 jack-in-the-pulpits in the spring, was now an example of what happens when logging–instead of forestry–is practiced. Aliens like barberry invaded and no new trees germinated under the blanket of ferns. At least the dead snags provided places for wild grapes to hang from and the Hercules clubs bore clumps of berries for wildlife. Still, I remember what it once was and mourned its earlier, more vibrant life.
From there we made our way back to the Far Field thicket, only a small portion of which we own, and found a fresh deer scrape marked by a dangling grapevine. We continued through our section of the oak-dominated Far Field forest to Roseberry Hollow and climbed steeply down and up and finally on through a more recent, "take any tree that is worth taking" logging by another neighbor. Twenty-five years before, the landowner had had the mountaintop oak forest "thinned." All trees 12 inches or more in diameter had been cut. Now what little had been left had been dragged off, leaving an understory of mountain laurel and huckleberry partially shaded by a few crooked oaks, two groves of spindly black birches that sprang up after the previous logging, a scattering of red maples, and the recently-sprouted black locust trees.
The two-year-old slash was still difficult to walk through so we followed the line by walking along our Laurel Ridge Trail and looking over at the blazes. We also took the time to find the old corner post our surveyor had found.
After we crossed the powerline right-of-way, leaving the devastated land behind, we followed our trail system–mostly an extension of Laurel Ridge Trail–another mile to the end of the mountain. This is also an oak-dominated forest with an understory of mountain laurel.
Along the trail we found a recently fallen tree ripped apart by a bear, and we continued to scatter deer like confetti. When we stopped to eat our lunch we heard a flock of keening cedar waxwings.
Near the end of Laurel Ridge, over the continual beeping of trucks from the valley limestone quarry, Bruce said, "Cup your ears. Hear the geese going over?" And indeed they were heading south that cool, overcast day.
In the grapevines just over the edge of the mountaintop, I sat down and watched a foraging flock of black-capped chickadees, eastern towhees, cedar waxwings, and one gray catbird. Best of all was an immature magnolia warbler that moved in and out of sight among the vines and tree branches.
We followed the line down the mountain a couple hundred feet before it became too steep. But we knew that the survey line dropped down to the railroad tracks and then followed around the end of the mountain to the interstate highway. From there it continued along the interstate fence until it cut straight back up Sapsucker Ridge to the top of the Steiner/Scott Trail where we had started our walk hours ago.
That steep mountainside area above the interstate has the biggest trees on the mountain but we never go into it. Aesthetically, it is unappealing because of the noise from the railroad and the interstate, but the wildlife seem to have no trouble with either aesthetics or challenging terrain.
So, instead of walking the rest of the line, we returned home by taking Black Gum Trail on Laurel Ridge, dropping down into the silence of the hollow, leaving behind the din from the town, the valley, and the nonstop traffic on the growing web of highways at the base of the mountain.
I found a couple of American chestnuts on the ground and traced them to a tree seven inches in diameter. The chestnuts' spiny exteriors had been broken open and the nuts extracted, proof that at least some wild creatures knew how to harvest what had once been the most abundant fall crop for wildlife.
As we walked the final mile on this meandering trail through a mature, mixed-oak forest, it was brightened by the glow from within of the trees for which the trail was named. Red-bellied woodpeckers and blue jays called as they harvested acorns from the trees, while squirrels and chipmunks foraged on the ground.
By then I felt the strain of the more difficult than usual walk and collapsed for a short rest on my favorite double chestnut oak with a tree hole that had long ago dried up and now formed a perfect seat for me.
At last I dragged my weary bones home, after five and a half rugged miles, proud to have walked at least a portion of our line, exploring both familiar and unfamiliar ground. Our surveyor had closed the lines on our property, and, as we had expected, we had gained some land and lost some land. Now, when I walk the trails I have walked almost daily for over 30 years, I can be confident of our property lines.
In Robert Frost's "Mending Wall," it is his neighbor who insists on rebuilding the stone wall that marks their property line. So they agree one day to meet "to walk the line and set the wall between us as we go." Frost thinks the line is obvious. So did we once. But we have to agree with the neighbor who wants a clear, definite line, who "says again, "Good fences make good neighbors."
Posted in Brush Mountain/ Plummer's Hollow, fall webworms, Forest Issues, Trees and Shrubs


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