The Avengers noticed something was different with Stark the second he got back from space. The way Stark still had a bright smile plastered on his face and made jokes while coming up with battle strategies even though half of the universe was dead. They all wondered how such a man could exist that was so heartless. But they just assumed it was his way of coping with the craziness that was happening around them. Still, though they didn't understand it, he hadn't lost anyone. He still had his dear fiance Pepper and Rhodey, hell he even had his driver Happy. What could he possibly have to be sad about?
A strange numbness started wrapping itself around him, going all the way to his heart, making him painless, numbing on its way also his basic will to survive. And then his emotions were muffled, almost completely gone leaving in their place a wall of indifference.
After what the public calls 'Civil War' Tony is hurt and with two limbs down, but that won't stop him from doing whatever he can do to prepare the world for Thanos.
It wasn't loud, it was quiet and quick, and the silence weighs heavily.
Humans are very prone to emotion and are harder for it. Wanting to hide it away – wanting to pretend they're infallible to it. Mantis thinks its either brave or stupid. Emotions, after all, are meant to be felt.
Based off a tumblr ask that begged the question, "What would Mantis feel if she touched Tony?"
When she meets his eyes, she knows his armour is cracking. She knows she shouldn't touch him, knows that it will be even worse than when he feels nothing. But there's no fighting her instinct.
Все ждали, что Мантис как-то отреагирует, коснувшись Тони Старка. Закричит, впадёт в ярость или в печаль, испытает ещё какие-нибудь сложные чувства. Но она молчит. Она прикасается к нему и не чувствует ничего.
Everyone would have expected for Mantis to react, to scream or rage the moment she touched Tony Stark. To feel anger or sadness or some other twisted thing. Instead, she doesn't react. She touches him and feels nothing.
Based on this Tumblr thread.


The Institute invites all registered students to join the students gathering, with the opportunities to connect with other students.
Please reserve your seat by sending the attached enrolment form to HKICS at student@hkics.org.hk or click HERE for online registration. For enquiries, please contact Education and Examinations Section at 2881 6177.


Any plugins that turn monophonic audio to midi in real time?
computer on stage for DJ'ing (traktor NI) ?
Acustica EQs. Which ones to go for, for which application?
Apogee Duet 2 drivers are bad bad bad!
Motu 828 mk1/logic express suddenly having issues. So strange.
Simple question: In what order would you usually process vocals? Time align first and then tune or vice versa and why?
New Mac Pro - how to configure external hard drives for certian tasks?
Logic Pro 9 Bounce or via Aux Channel?
ReValver 4 - New bass gear available!
Can I bypass Apogee Symphony D/A converters?
Anybody see the Behringer X-Touch up and running at NAMM? If so, what were your impressions?
What's Up With Echo Audio?
Vintage Digital: Anyone Prefer Recording 16 Bit?
Any Recommendations on Software to learn music for kids?
Sustain polarity reverse on Behringer UMA25S. How to ?
Better performance out of one CPU?
UAD: Which of the upgrades are actually worth it?
Cubase 8 on Laptop with Intel Core M-5Y71?


Choose your own donation amount! Make a donation to the Ruffed Grouse Society or American Woodcock Society to help us create HEALTHY FORESTS for ABUNDANT WILDLIFE so you and future generations can pursue your SPORTING TRADITIONS!
This woodcock study will use cutting-edge technology to determine timing and routes of migratory travel. The research will identify crucial stopover areas about which very little is known, and provide vital insight to guide habitat improvement.


Nike ventures into the world of art, design and tech with a new exhibition.
US based French Designer Elody Chappuy with Colangelo Synergy Marketing created wine labels for "Pour Favor" a line of Spanish wines. Pour Favor is a wine produced by Spanish Vines and sold exclusively in the US. As part of its re-branding effort, the client wanted to communicate to its customers an authentic Spanish experience at an accessible price.
A revolutionary bathroom collection that combines traditional ceramic with plastic.
An incredible life-saving project that uses the empty space between Coca-Cola bottles in their shipper crates to deliver health supplements to developing countries: You can buy a Coca-Cola almost anywhere you go in the world, even in the most remote parts of developing countries. In these same places 1 in 9 children die before their fifth birthday from preventable causes. Most die from dehydration from diarrhea. With that in mind, Simon Berry, founder and CEO of Cola-Life is working with Coca-Cola to open their distribution channels in developing countries to carry 'social products' – oral rehydration salts and Zinc supplements – to save children's lives. It had been selected by The Design Museum as Product Design of the Year 2013.
Summer's looking pretty good, especially if pools like these are in your future.
We discovered tons of goodies at Zona Tortona and MOST in Milan - take a look.
Delivering its lines with a definite flair for the dramatic, Hotel V Nesplein on The Nes theatre street in Amsterdam draws artistic inspiration from its surrounding establishments, feeling more like a series of stage sets… Continue Reading »The post Stage Production appeared first on We Heart; Lifestyle & Design Magazine.
The Collectionaire by MOUPILA, a cabinet to treasure.
This miniature representation of the Eames-designed Herman Miller shipping boxes features alphabetic elements from our Eames Century Modern font collection. We originally created the Shipping Blocks for Herman Miller Japan in 2010, but the folks in Zeeland liked them so much that they commissioned us to create a set for the U.S. market.
The classic Eames Hang-It-All gets fresh new colors.


Resident suit beats Hometown America in Mass.
Northeast Justice Center: Hometown America is one of the largest owners of manufactured housing communities in Massachusetts. Hometown has argued for years that Massachusetts law requires homeowners, not Hometown, to maintain the foundation slabs or other home-site structures built into the ground of each site and meant to support residents' homes. Thanks to homeowner advocates in two of Hometown's Massachusetts communities, a federal court weighed in last month and told Hometown to knock it off, follow the law and maintain residents' slabs. The court's opinion is can be read Here..


text:
Q: Unexpected behavior in pandas mad() with groupby() Suppose I create a dataframe:
In [1]: df = pd.DataFrame({'a':[1,1,1,2,2,2], 'b':[1,2,3,4,5,6]})

If I do most statistics on a grouped version of that dataframe, they come out as expected:
In [2]: df.groupby('a').median()
Out[2]:
   b
a
1  2
2  5

But when I calculate the median absolute deviation (mad), I get an extra column 'a', which is all zeros:
In [3]: df.groupby('a').mad()
Out[3]:
   a         b
a
1  0  0.666667
2  0  0.666667

The mad() function seems to work fine on a normal dataframe, just not on a grouped on. Unless this is a feature, not a bug, and I just don't understand it. Thoughts?

A: This is a bug, slated to be fixed for 0.14 (releasing soon), see here. The bug is that non-cythonized routines are calling apply rather than ``agg` effectively.
work-around is to do:
df.groupby('a').agg(lambda x: x.mad())

A: In pandas, MAD is the mean absolute deviaton , not the median AD!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Anxiety, fear, pervasive violence, stress, information overload, disconnection from community, as well as theological and political polarities are endemic in the USA and world in 2016. A frenetic pace coupled with daily, if not hourly, disruptive, often catastrophic world events leave little room for spiritual practice which focuses on theological/spiritual reflection, cultivating individual and community peace, restoration, discernment, remembering, and contemplation about meaning and purpose in the midst of a culture of chaos. Spiritual practices which create spaces for reflection can be vital re-connective pathways for spiritual formation and building beloved community in our churches, our communities and the world - a world that draws humanity into a vortex of broken, anxious and disconnected selves and communities. The practice of creating restorative, reflective sacred space is deeply rooted in the Christian scriptures and tradition. I offer evidence and story about labyrinth practice rapidly being renewed as a sacred space for discovery and realization of "common ground" in building beloved communities; a place for people to meet and know one another, encouraging reflection, introspection, conflict resolution, focus, listening, healing, calming, spiritual formation, neighborliness and peaceableness. Using Dr. Walter Brueggemann's Old Testament theme of "orientation/disorientation/reorientation", Murray Bowen's Family Systems Theory and practices to buffer anxiety in The New Testament, as well as Sarah Drummond's call for clergy increased opportunities for church leaders to seek clarity, and Heifetz's "Equilibrium/Disequilibrium/More Adequate Equilibrium" theory, and Kurt Lewin's change theory, and in interviews with novice and experienced labyrinth practitioners, site visits and case studies, I explore what role the ancient labyrinth plays in building beloved community in our time, as an antidote to fragmentation, fear, violence and polarization.


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CEO - Telenet
Tuesday 1 Dec at 09:05
About this speaker
Title of the Presentation
Strengthening Telenet's corporate brand and reputation by adopting a purpose-driven marketing communications approach
About the Presentation
At Telenet, we believe in the tremendous potential of digital and we are committed to help people and business to stay one step ahead in the digital age. This is what we stand for; this is our purpose. In his keynote, John Porter, CEO Telenet, will provide a deeper insight in how we translate our corporate purpose into a guiding and inspiring brand & reputation vision and strategy that steers our commercial and corporate communications and that defines how we structurally engage with residential and business customers, employees and corporate stakeholders.
John Porter is the Chief Executive Officer of Telenet Group, a leading Belgian telecommunications, media and entertainment company.
Prior to joining Telenet in 2013, Mr. Porter served as the Chief Executive Officer of AUSTAR United Communications Ltd., at the time a Liberty Global subsidiary and an Australian public company that was a leading provider of subscription television and related products in regional Australia. He held this position until AUSTAR was acquired by Foxtel, a joint venture between News Corporation and Telstra, in May 2012. John Porter led the growth of AUSTAR since inception, becoming its CEO at the time of its 1999 initial public offering. Previously, he served as the Chief Operating Officer for the Asia/Pacific region for a predecessor company of Liberty Global. From 1989 to 1994, John Porter was President, Ohio Division, of Time Warner Communications. He started his career at Group W Broadcasting and Cable, as Director Government Relations before becoming General Manager of Westinghouse Cable Systems in Texas and Alabama. John Porter has a Bachelor of Arts from Kenyon College.
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A microsporidian was previously reported to infect the crustacean parasite, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837) (Copepoda, Caligidae), on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Scotland. The microsporidian was shown to be a novel species with a molecular phylogenetic relationship to Nucleospora (Enterocytozoonidae), but the original report did not assign it to a genus or species. Further studies examined the development of the microsporidian in L. salmonis using electron microscopy and re-evaluated the molecular findings using new sequence data available for the group. Here we report a full description for the microsporidian and assign it to a new genus and species.
The microsporidian infects subcuticular cells that lie on the innermost region of the epidermal tissue layer beneath the cuticle and along the internal haemocoelic divisions. The mature spores are sub-spherical with a single nucleus and an isofilar polar filament with 5-8 turns in a double coil. The entire development is in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm and is polysporous. During early merogony, a diplokaryotic nuclear arrangement exists which is absent throughout the rest of the developmental cycle. Large merogonial plasmodia form which divide to form single uninucleate sporonts. Sporogonial plasmodia were not observed; instead, binucleate sporonts divide to form two sporoblasts. Prior to final division, there is a precocious development of the polar filament extrusion apparatus which is associated with large electron lucent inclusions (ELIs). Analyses of DNA sequences reveal that the microsporidian is robustly supported in a clade with other members of the Enterocytozoonidae and confirms a close phylogenetic relationship with Nucleospora.
The ultrastructural findings of the precocious development of the polar filament and the presence of ELIs are consistent with those of the Enterocytozoonidae. However, the confirmed presence of an early diplokaryotic stage and a merogonial plasmodium that divides to yield uninucleate sporonts instead of transforming into a sporogonial syncitium, are features not currently associated with the family. Yet, analyses of DNA sequence data clearly place the microsporidian within the Enterocytozoonidae. Therefore, due to the novelty of the copepod host, the ultrastructural findings and the robust nature of the phylogenetic analyses, a new genus should be created within the Enterocytozoonide; Desmozoon lepeophtherii n. gen. n. sp. is proposed.
Microsporidia infect a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate taxa, and are common parasites of both fish and arthropods. Reports of microsporidian infections in marine and freshwater crustacea are also numerous and include various microsporidian genera infecting marine crabs [1–4], brine shrimp , cladocerans [6, 7], ostracods , marine shrimps [9–14], amphipods , freshwater crayfish , marine lobster  and copepods [18–22].
Although nine genera and approximately 50 species of microsporidia have been described from copepods [18, 20, 22], none have been described from free-living marine copepods. However, there are two reports of microsporidia as hyperparasites of parasitic marine copepods. An unidentified microsporidian, phylogenetically related to Nucleospora spp. (Enterocytozoonidae), has been reported to infect the caligid copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis parasitic on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar[21, 23], and Unikaryon mytilicolae (Durfort, Vallmitjana & Vivares, 1980) has been found infecting the cyclopoid copepod Mytilicola intestinalis (Steuer, 1902) on marine mussels . A single report also exists for the hyperparasitic microsporidian, Microsporidium lamproglenae, infecting the freshwater copepod Lamproglena pulchella (von Nordmann, 1832) parasitic on the cyprinid fish, Leuciscus leuciscus L. in Europe .
The majority of microsporidians described from free-living freshwater copepods have complex life cycles utilising copepods as intermediate hosts and mosquito larvae as definitive hosts [26–28]. The life cycles of the microsporidians infecting parasitic marine copepods are not fully known. However, the hyperparasitic microsporidian infecting L. salmonis was shown experimentally not to transmit directly from copepod to copepod. Furthermore, the microsporidian DNA was isolated from internal tissues from the fish host, suggesting that the Atlantic salmon may be involved in the life cycle .
The microsporidian hyperparasite from L. salmonis was placed in the Enterocytozoonidae by Freeman et al.  based on the results of robust phylogenetic analyses, but they did not assign it to a genus. At that time, only two genera existed in the Enterocytozoonidae. Enterocytozoon, containing a single species, Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Desportes, 1985), an intestinal parasite of humans and other mammals [29, 30] and now known to be comprised of numerous genotypes infecting a wide range of mammals and birds . The second genus, Nucleospora, is comprised of intranuclear microsporidians infecting fish [32–34]. The microsporidian from L. salmonis could not be placed in either the Enterocytozoon or the Nucleospora as the host species was too dissimilar and it was neither an intranuclear microsporidian nor one infecting intestinal enterocytes. In addition, the small round to sub-spherical spores of the microsporidian from L. salmonis, measuring 2.34 × 1.83 μm (± 0.01 μm), developing without sporophorous vesicles and forming large xenomas (up to 300 μm in diameter) in the sea lice hosts were sufficiently unique features to enable it to be distinguished from all previously described microsporidia from copepods in freshwater as well as microsporidia infecting other marine crustacea .
Since Freeman et al.  assigned the microsporidian from L. salmonis to the family Enterocytozoonidae, a new genus, Enterospora, has been created in the family for intranuclear microsporidia infecting the hepatopancreatocytes of marine decapods  and a new species Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei, only the second species in the genus, has been described from the cytoplasm of the tubule epithelial cells of the hepatopancreas in the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798) from Thailand . Thus, the Enterocytozoonidae currently contains three genera: Enterocytozoon spp. that infect the cell cytoplasm of mammalian and bird enterocytes and tubule epithelial cells of the hepatopancreas in the black tiger shrimp, Nucleospora spp. that infect the nucleus of various fish cells and Enterospora spp. that infect the nucleus of hepatopancreatocytes in marine decapods.
In the present study we examine the ultrastructure of the microsporidian infecting L. salmonis from farmed Atlantic salmon and provide an updated molecular phylogenetic analysis. Using the combined data we describe Desmozoon lepeophtherii n. gen. n. sp., and place it in the Enterocytozoonidae as a fourth genus of the family.
Salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, were collected from salmon farms on the West Coast of Scotland. Adult lice were carefully removed using forceps from recently culled fish during routine harvests. Specimens were transferred from the farm site to the laboratory in bags of seawater at ambient temperature and salinity. Once in the laboratory, specimens were maintained in seawater collected from the farm site, aerated at 10°C in 10 L aquaria. Daily removal of senescent and dead lice with 80% water change allowed the remaining lice to survive without their hosts for several days.
Lice were screened for the presence of microsporidian infection using a dissecting microscope. Lice with inclusions under the carapace were dissected and fresh squash preparation observed to confirm the presence of microsporidian spores using a compound microscope. Confirmed infected lice were dissected further as required and fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 2 hours, washed in cacodylate rinse buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.2) overnight. Samples were then post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide (in 1% borax solution) for one hour, before dehydration through a graded acetone series. After dehydration to 100% acetone, the samples were transferred to a 1:1 mix of Spurr resin  and acetone for 1 hr on a rotator followed by a further 2 hr in a mix of 3:1 Spurr: acetone. Finally, the specimens were rotated for 24 hr in 100% Spurr resin before being embedded in Beem capsules and polymerised at 60°C for 48 hrs.
All sections were cut using a glass knife on a Reichert Ultracut E ultramicrotome. Semi-thin sections of 1 μm were first cut and visualised by staining with 1% alcian blue for 5 min and examined under light microscopy. Ultrathin sections (80 nm) were mounted on 200 mesh Formvar coated copper grids and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Ultrathin sections were examined with a Philips 301 TEM operating at 80 kV. Photographs were taken with a flat plate camera using black and white Kodak 4489 EM film.
Whole infected lice were frozen in liquid nitrogen and fractured whilst under nitrogen, by applying pressure to the carapace with a scalpel. Fractured lice were then fixed at 4°C for one hour in 1% gluteraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer. This initial fixation was followed by a 2-3 day immersion in 3% gluteraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer at 4°C, followed by an over night rinse in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer. Samples were then post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide (in 1% borax solution) for 2 hrs, before dehydration through a graded ethanol series. Once in 100% ethanol, samples were transferred to a 50:50 mix of ethanol and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) for 30 min before being transfered to 100% HMDS for a further 30 min. Samples were air-dried at room temperature over night, mounted on aluminium stubs and coated with gold at 40 mA for 90s using an Edwards S150B Sputter Coater. Samples were examined using a Philips 500 scanning electron microscope operating at 15 kV. Photographs were taken using an integral camera with Ilford FP4-125 film.
Representative small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences from the Enterocytozoonidae were used in order to view the relatedness of genera and species within the family. Sequences used are available in GenBank under the following accession numbers: Desmozoon lepeophtheriiAJ431366; Enterocytozoon bieneusiL07123; Enterocytozoon bieneusiDQ793212; Enterocytozoon hepatopenaeiFJ496356; Nucleospora salmonisU10883; Nucleospora salmonisAF186003; Nucleospora salmonisAF185989; Nucleospora salmonisAF186006; Nucleospora sp. AF186007; Microsporidium sp. AF394528; Microsporidium sp. FJ794872. Sequences were aligned using ClustalX  and percentage divergence matrices constructed using the Neighbour-joining method . The same alignment files were used to construct phylogenetic trees using heuristic searches and maximum parsimony in PAUP*4.0 beta10 .
Fresh wet-mount preparations from dissected L. salmonis with inclusions under the carapace revealed the presence of numerous microsporidian-like spores. A definitive identification of microsporidian spores was confirmed with TEM of the infected lice. Mature spores are sub-spherical (round to ovoid), with a single nucleus and a thickened electron lucent endospore wall measuring between 150-250 nm thick surrounded by a thinner electron dense exospore measuring between 35-40 nm thick (Fig. 1a-b). The polar filament has between 5 and 8 turns, normally in a double coil, and is of the isofilar type, being of a similar diameter (65-85 nm) along its entire length. The mature spore has typical features of a microsporidian spore. The polar filament is attached at the anterior end of the spore via the anchoring disc, which is surrounded by the laminar structure of the polaroplast; the posterior vacuole is located at the opposite end of the spore.
a-b - TEM of mature spores of Desmozoon lepeophtherii n. gen., n. sp. Sagittal section of spores detailing seven coils of an isofilar polar filament (white arrows) in a double coil arrangement. The polar filament has an electron dense core and is composed of concentric layers of varying electron densities (inset a). A thick electron lucent endospore wall (black asterisks) is surrounded by a thinner electron dense exospore layer (black arrows). The single nucleus (n), posterior vacuole (pv) and polaroplast (pp) are all prominent features of the mature spore. The polaroplast is located at the anterior end of the spore and accommodates the manubroid part of the polar filament (white asterisk) and the attachment disc. Scale bars 1 μm (200 nm inset a).
SEM of freeze-fractured L. salmonis revealed large xenomas developing under the cuticle (Fig. 2a). The cellular surface of the epidermal layer adjacent to the cuticle is smooth and uninfected, whilst the inner most sub-cuticular epidermal region adjoining the haemocoel that contains the xenoma, has a coarse and pitted appearance (Fig. 2a). A semi-thin abdominal histological section shows xenomas forming from the innermost surface of the epidermal layer beneath the cuticle and also from the structures separating the haemal sinuses in the haemocoel (Fig. 2b). The cells in this region consist mainly of desmocytes, fibrocytes and tissue-dwelling haemocytes. The exact host cell type was undistunguishable owing to the changes effected during xenoma formation. However, the microsporidian appears to infect cells that are associated with a glycocalyx-like border on the innermost part of the epidermal layer bordering the haemocoel and along haemocoelic divisions between sinuses. TEM confirms that infection was not observed throughout the epidermal layer and is restricted to the innermost surface (Fig. 3a).
SEM of freeze-fractured L. salmonis and transverse abdominal semi-thin histological section. a) SEM of freeze-fractured louse showing a large xenoma (x) developing beneath the cuticle (cu). The epidermal tissue layer remains uninfected directly beneath the cuticle (white arrows) but has a different more coarse appearance (white asterisk) bordering the haemocoel (h). The xenoma has been fractured open revealing that it is packed with microsporidian spores (s). b) Transverse abdominal semi-thin section from an infected louse. Developing xenomas (x) contain both mature spores (s) and developing stages (d) and can originate from beneath the cuticle (cu) or from the haemocoelic divisions that separate the haemal sinuses (black arrows). The epidermal tissue layer beneath the cuticle remains intact (white arrows). Scale bars a 25 μm, b 50 μm.
TEM of microsporidian infection beneath the cuticle, xenoma structure and merogonial replication of Desmozoon lepeophtherii n. gen., n. sp. a) The microsporidian infection (mi) is found beneath the cuticle (cu) and originates from the innermost portion of the epidermal tissue layer (el). b) A small xenoma contains mature spores (s) and reveals that the host nucleus (white asterisks) is not infected by the microsporidian but is grossly hypertrophic and has numerous branches and folds. c) An early meront stage with a single nucleus in diplokaryotic formation (di). d) A divisional meront showing cytoplasmic constrictions (black arrows), that contains two nuclei in diplokaryotic arrangement (di). e) A large divisional merogonial plasmodium (pl) situated next to a host cell nucleus (hn), black arrows indicate nuclear activity associated with nuclear dissociation of the diplokaryon in neighbouring meronts. f) An enlarged view of the same plasmodium, with single unpaired nuclei (sn), undergoing division via plasmotomy (black arrows). White arrows indicate electron-dense laminate bodies lying on the nuclear membrane indicating recent nuclear activity due to nuclear dissociation of the diplokaryotic arrangement. Scale bars a-b 5 μm, c-f 2 μm.
Occasional host cell remnants could be seen in large xenomas but smaller xenomas contained multiple nuclei, nuclear fragments or multi-lobed nuclei (Fig. 3b); the microsporidian was never observed to have a close association with the host cell nucleus or seen as intranuclear at any stage of development. The microsporidian remained in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm throughout the developmental cycle and did not form a complete interfacial envelope of either parasite-derived or host-derived origin that contained a typical number of spores.
Figure 3c is an early meront and is the earliest microsporidian stage that was observed. The nucleus is in a diplokaryotic arrangement and the cytoplasm is electron lucent lacking other cellular organelles. The diplokaryotic nuclei of the early meronts divide to produce two diplokaryotic nuclei which locate at opposing cellular borders (Fig 3d). Cytokinesis follows this nuclear division and the cell divides by binary fission, producing two new meronts each with a diplokaryon (Fig 3d); during this division the cytoplasm has a much more granular appearance. The diplokaryotic nuclear arrangement was not observed after this point in the developmental phase and nuclear dissociation is assumed to have occurred. Nuclear dissociation is followed by multiple subsequent nuclear divisions, which are not directly linked to cytokinetic events, resulting in the formation of a large, paucinucleate, rounded, merogonial plasmodium, which ultimately divides by plasmotomy (Fig 3e). During division, the plasmodium contains very granular cytoplasm with no obvious organisation of organelles and the nuclei have electron-dense laminate bodies lying on the nuclear membrane, indicative of recent nuclear activity from either nuclear dissociation or recent division (Fig 3f).
The resulting uninuculeate stages represent the production of sporonts and the onset of sporogony. Sporonts have a higher degree of cellular organisation than meronts. Early sporonts have a precocious development of the polar filament which is associated with the nucleus and a complex of cytoplasmic cisternae that coalesce to form the polar filament bundles; there is a modest thickening of the plasmalemma prior to division (Fig 4a). During sporogony the polar filament and its attachment apparatus, the anchoring disc, continue to develop and the plasma membrane continues to thicken (Fig 4b). The early formation of the anchoring disc is often seen to take place in association with a nuclear invagination (Fig 4b). During these preliminary stages of sporogony, numerous tubules are present in the host cell cytoplasm (Figs 4a-4c). The coils of the polar filament continue to mature with an electron dense core forming and membrane bound electron lucent inclusions appear in the posterior part of the spore between the developing bundles of polar filament (Fig 4c). These stages are considered to be sporoblasts that continue to develop into spores without further division. As the sporoblasts mature, the polar filament continues to become more electron-dense and show concentric patterns of electron density (inset Fig 4d). The ELIs become more prominent and are often associated with large electron dense particles located at the membrane (Fig 4d). Occasionally, sporoblast-like forms at a similar developmental stage retain two sets of polar filaments (Fig 4e). Immature spores start to reveal typical microsporidian spore-like features (Fig 4f). The exospore is fully formed before the endospore develops and the ELIs are now associated with the developing posterior vacuole. At this stage a fragile interfacial envelope can sometimes be seen surrounding the immature spore (Fig 4f).
TEM of sporogonial stages of Desmozoon lepeophtherii n. gen., n. sp. a) An early divisional sporont with tubules in the host cell cytoplasm has a modest thickening of the plasma membrane (white arrows) and precocious development of the pf (black arrows) associated with the nucleus and cytoplasmic cisternae (white asterisks) that start to form the pf bundles. b) Sporont with a thickening plasma membrane (white arrows), a diffuse nucleus showing signs of recent activity (black arrows), the developing ad (black asterisks) is associated with a nuclear invagination, from which the developing pf extends. Tubules are present in the host cell cytoplasm. c) Immature sporoblasts have a more defined nucleus and show signs of pf organisation in to bundles (black arrows), which are arranged in close proximity to large ELIs (black asterisks), tubules are still present in the host cell cytoplasm. d) Maturing sporoblasts have features of mature spores such as a pp and a more mature pf. ELIs (black asterisks) have dark granules associated with the membranes (white arrows). e) Some sporoblasts at an equivalent developmental stage to (d) have two sets of pf apparatus (white/black asterisks) both with associated ELIs. f) An early spore with a fully formed exospore layer (black arrows) and a developing endospore layer (white arrows). This late stage shows a typical internal arrangement seen in mature spores; ad and pp are located at the anterior of the spore, the single nucleus and rows of pf (white asterisks) are medially positioned, ELIs (black asterisks) are posteriorly located and will form part of the posterior vacuole. A secretion from the exospore forms a fragile interfacial envelope which creates a void surrounding the spore (open black arrows). All scale bars 1 μm. ad (anchoring disc); n (nucleus); pf (polar filament); pp (polaroplast); t (tubules).
Membranous-like secretions were sometimes observed in the host cell cytoplasm during sporogony (Fig 5a-c). These secretions between 30-40 nm in thickness contained a central core of electron dense particles and appeared to develop at the external surface of maturing spores. The membranous-like secretions were occasionally seen free in the host cell cytoplasm as enclosed concentric membranous whorls (Fig 5c).
Other ultrastructural observations associated with Desmozoon lepeophtherii n. gen., n. sp. a and b) Secretions from mature spores (s) are sometimes observed that form multiple and regular layers which have a fine electron dense core, and surround the spore (white arrows). The secretions originate from the exospore surface and, when first produced, do not have an electron dense core (black arrows). c) At the border of a xenoma (white arrows) concentric whorls of the secretions have formed adjacent to a sporoblast (sb), the individual layers appear more compact but still maintain an electron dense core (black arrows). d and inset) Host cell nuclei of microsporidian-infected cells were frequently observed with intranuclear inclusions, which were of a crystalline appearance with a regular pattern. Scale bars a, b and d (inset) 500 nm, c 1 μm, d 2 μm.
Host cell nuclei of microsporidian-infected cells were sometimes observed with intranuclear inclusions, which were of a crystalline appearance having a regular pattern (Figs 5d).
Percentage divergence of SSU rDNA sequences for members of the Enterocytozoonidae and related taxa.
The phylogenetic tree (Fig 6) confirms that the results obtained with percentage divergence matrices were also observed using maximum parsimony analyses. Desmozoon lepeophtherii forms a well-supported clade with the Nucleospora sp. infecting English sole which forms as a sister group to the N. salmonis clade. The bootstrap support for these clades is 100%. Enterocytozoon spp. are more basal in the tree and E. hepatopenaei does not group with the E. bieneusi genotypes, but forms a solitary branch between E. bieneusi and the Nucleospora clade containing Desmozoon. The outgroup Microsporidium sp. (DP), is a microsporidian that infects the intestinal wall of Daphnia, is related to other Daphnia-infecting species such as Microsporidium sp. clone B , and has been shown to be immediately basal to the family Enterocytozoonidae in independent phylogenetic analyses [6, 21].
Maximum parsimony generated phylogenetic tree constructed using SSU rDNA sequence alignments from representative taxa of the Enterocytozoonidae. The tree utilises 328 parsimony informative characters and is rooted to the related Microsporidium sp. infecting Daphnia. The scale represents number of base changes and the numbers at the nodes indicate bootstrap support values from 1000 resamplings. AH = Atlantic halibut; AS = Atlantic salmon; CS = chinook salmon; DP = Daphnia; ES = English sole; RT = rainbow trout.
The epidermal layer in copepods is described as a flattened cellular layer containing a great number of membrane-bound vesicles and mitochondria, with a very complicated spatial arrangement . This complex arrangement of cells was confirmed to be similar in L. salmonis in the present study (Fig 3a). The basal portion of the epidermal layer rests on a glycocalyx , which is also referred to as the basal lamina and functions as a basement membrane separating the epidermal layer from the underlying tissues and haemocoel . The glycocalyx contains epidermal cells such as modified epithelial cells with tonofilaments, desmocytes or fibrocytes and tissue dwelling haemocytes . Microsporidian xenomas develop from this location, but due to the extreme hypertrophy and transformation of infected host cells due to xenoma formation, their identity can only be hypothesised from our current knowledge. We believe that infection is primarily in the desmocytes, as infection is also seen along the haemocoelic divisions that have little or no such epidermal tissue layer. However, it is also possible that phagocytic haemocytes become infected, or are involved with the spread of the infection throughout the copepod, or are responsible for the initial transportation of spores from the portal of entry to the site of infection. Xenoma formation has not been reported for other members of the Enterocytozoonidae.
Merogonial plasmodium divides via plasmotomy.
Merogonial plasmodium transforms to sporogonial plasmodium without prior division.
The diplokaryotic arrangement of nuclei seen in early merogony in D. lepeophtherii is not seen in the other genera from the Enterocytozoonidae, although it was reported in the initial description of E. bieneusi by Desportes et al., . This early diplokaryotic nuclear formation in E. bieneusi was later rejected by Cali and Owen  who suggested it was an artifact caused by the flattening of the nuclei by adjacent ELIs. An early plasmodial stage of Enterospora sp. has been observed with 'paired nuclei'  but the nuclear arrangement does not appear to be typical of a microsporidian diplokaryon. The lack of complete descriptions of early merogonial stages for some members of the Enterocytozoonidae means that a brief or early diplokaryotic stage in the merogonial development cycle should not be completely ruled out for other members of the family.
All members of the Enterocytozoonidae share certain developmental features. Whilst early merogonial stages have not always been well characterized and remain somewhat contentious, all currently described species develop large sporogonial syncitia in which the polar filament extrusion apparatus forms and develops prior to eventual division to sporoblasts. This precocious development of the polar filament, prior to final division and its association with ELIs in large sporogonial plasmodia, are features that are unique to this family of microsporidia. In the three genera of the family: Enterocytozoon, Nucleospora and Enterospora, the sporogonial plasmodium develops directly from the merogonial plasmodium without division and continues to mature to form the characteristic sporogonial syncitium. This direct transformation is assumed to occur as no division of the multinucleated merogonial stages have been reported for these taxa, only their development and subsequent maturation to sporogonial forms.
Syncitial masses, such as merogonial and sporogonial plasmodia, are large proliferative stages that can occupy a significant proportion of the microsporidian-infected cell, which would make it unlikely for them to be missed during TEM examination of ultrathin sections of infected material. Therefore, it must be concluded that D. lepeophtherii develops without the formation of the sporogonial plasmodium that is typical for the family Enterocytozoonidae. Instead, the merogonial plasmodium divides to form uninucleate sporonts, which undergo a number of nuclear divisions, all of which are followed by cellular division, resulting in a final division to form two sporoblasts. The lack of the formation of the characteristic sporogonial plasmodium in Desmozoon might be considered sufficiently different for it not to be included in the Enterocytozoonidae. However, a precocious development of the polar filament can be found in young divisional sporonts (Fig 4a) and two sets of fully formed extrusion apparatus are sometimes found in large sporoblasts that are presumably yet to divide (Fig 4e). ELIs are also present throughout much of the developmental cycle in Desmozoon, being at their largest during late sporont and early sporoblast formation and reduced or absent in mature spores. Cali and Owen  suggested that the ELIs observed in E. bieneusi were storage vacuoles and probably involved in the formation of the polar filament and other spore structures. The ELIs in Desmozoon develop in close association with cytoplasmic cisternae and the developing polar filament (Fig 4c) supporting this hypothesis. They are also associated with the formation of the posterior vacuole, as they are positioned posteriorly in the developing spore ultimately where the posterior vacuole develops (Fig 4f). The presence of ELIs in Desmozoon during sporogony and the early development of the polar filament seen as early as young divisional sporonts are typical features of the Enterocytozoonidae that are seen in all the described species of the family and suggest that this microsporidian should be placed in the Enterocytozoonidae in spite of the lack of a sporogonial plasmodium.
Although some characteristics are present in all family members, there can be notable differences in the cellular processes involved in their formation. Morphogenesis of the polar filaments proceeds differently in the three described genera of the Enterocytozoonidae. In E. bieneusi a large electron dense body associated with vesiculotubular networks form electron dense disc-like structures (EDDs), which appear throughout the plasmodium and then fuse into arcs forming the polar filament coils [33, 41]. In Nucleospora spp. the polar filament does not coalesce from EDDs but from cylinders or tubular structures that are associated with ribosome rich cytoplasm delimited by the ER cisternae [32, 33]. In Enterospora, multiple spherical membrane-bound vesicles are present throughout the cytoplasm of the plasmodium , which presumably correspond to polar filament precursors and are similar to those seen in E. bieneusi although not as electron dense. The development of the polar filament in D. lepeophtherii is more similar to that of Nucleospora spp. as no typical EDDs develop and the polar filament develops within the cytoplasmic cisternae of ER (Fig 4a). However, the early assembly of the polar filament does not take place in the plasmodium as the merogonial plasmodium divides to form sporonts before being transformed to a sporogonial syncitium in this species.
Mature spores of D. lepeophtherii share many characteristics with those in the Enterocytozoonidae (Table 2). All members of the family have small round to ovoid (sub-spherical) spores, a single nucleus and between 4-8 turns of an isofilar polar filament, usually in a double coil, are polysporous and lack a complete interfacial envelope at all developmental stages.
Desmozoon lepeophtherii has been shown to be robustly supported as a member of the Enterocytozoonidae using phylogenetic analyses [, present study]. The Enterocytozoonidae form a small monophyletic group that is part of a larger clade described as being terrestrial in origin, but having evolved from ancestral freshwater microsporidians .
The Enterocytozoonidae has recently increased its size with respect to the number of genera and described species it contains. However, all the new descriptions are from aquatic marine crustacean hosts [3, 4, 14], including that in the present study. Unfortunately there are no DNA sequences available for the genus Enterospora infecting marine crabs, but ultrastructural descriptions adequately placed them in the Enterocytozoonidae. The increasing occurrence of microsporidia infecting crustacea in the Enterocytozoonidae is not unexpected, as a related gut-infecting microsporidian from Daphnia has been shown to be consistently placed as basal to the group [6, 21]. Unfortunately no ultrastructural data is available for this parasite, but a similar microsporidian has been recently further documented from Daphnia populations in European lakes . As more species are described and more gene sequences become available for the Enterocytozoonidae, some of these unresolved phylogenetic issues will hopefully be clarified. But, current phylogenetic analyses suggest that the Enterocytozoonidae is likely to have evolved from a common ancestor infecting a crustacean host. The phylogenetic importance of crustacean-infecting microsporidia in understanding the origins of species like Enterocytozoon bieneusi that infect humans may be significant.
Numerous appendages/tubules were observed in the host cell cytoplasm during sporogony (Fig 4a-c). Takvorian and Cali  reviewed the form and function of microsporidian appendages, suggesting four different types. The appendages observed in this study most closely resemble the type I tubules described from Glugea stephani (Hagenmüller, 1899), but, during the present study, evidence that the tubules were continuous with the parasite plasmalemma was not apparent. The function of these appendages remains unknown but they have been suggested to facilitate host-parasite interchange of materials . Microsporidian tubules have not been reported in the Enterocytozoonidae previously. They are rare amongst microsporidia that develop in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm, but developing stages of both E. bieneusi and E. hepatopenaei have been observed with numerous tubule-like cytoplasmic projections extending into the host cell cytoplasm [14, 33]. The lack of distinct cytoplasmic tubules in other members of the Enterocytozoonidae may be due to the common features of their sporogony resulting in the presence of sporogonial syncitia in all cases. The microsporidian tubules in D. lepeophtherii are only associated with sporogony and are more prominent during early sporogony, particularly in divisional young sporonts which are absent in other members of the family. Furthermore, microsporidian tubules have never been reported for intranuclear microsporidians. Tubule formation is not typically associated with xenoma-forming microsporidia and is more often observed in species that develop complete interfacial envelopes .
The microsporidian infection in L. salmonis does indeed complete its developmental cycle lacking any type of complete interfacial envelope. However, during late sporogony there were membranous secretions regularly observed near the outer surface of sporoblasts, occasionally in multiple layers (Fig 5a-b). These are thought to be parasite-derived secretions as no host cell remnants were associated with them. These membranous secretions were never seen to completely isolate the sporoblast from the host cell cytoplasm and hence cannot be considered an interfacial envelope. The structures were also observed as continuous concentric circular membranous whorls, whose function was not apparent (Fig 5c). These membranous secretions are possibly partially formed parasite derived interfacial envelopes or associated with or derived from the cytoplasmic tubules present during early sporogony. Similar non-persistent parasite derived interfacial envelopes have been reported from Vairimorpha necatrix (Kramer, 1965) where envelopes are formed during sporogony, which only sometimes develop to fully enclose the sporoblasts . Similar membranous structures, described as type IV cytoplasmic tubules, have also been observed in sporophorous vesicles during sporogony in V. necatrix[44, 45].
The intranuclear inclusions observed in infected host cells had an appearance consistent with either crystalline inclusions or viral like particles VLPs  (Fig 5d). Microsporidian infections have previously been associated with simultaneous viral infections. Both Nucleospora and Enterocytozoon have been reported to be associated with retroviral infection of their hosts. Nucleospora salmonis has been found in fish infected with the retrovirus that is believed to be the cause of plasmacytoid leukaemia [47, 48], and E. bieneusi is found predominately in HIV-infected patients, although this is largely accepted as opportunistic infections due to a lowering of the immune status caused by the viral infection . Intranuclear and intracytoplasmic crystalline inclusions are frequently associated with other cell abnormalities such as tumour cells and leukaemic conditions; intranuclear crystalline and paracrystalline inclusions have also been regularly associated with virally infected cells . The VLPs seen in the present study are not thought to be related to the microsporidian infection but could warrant further study.
Spores are round to sub-spherical, with an isofilar polar filament with 5-8 turns in a double layer. Entire development is in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm. Large xenomas develop from the glycocalyx border that is immediately basal to the epidermal tissue layer beneath the cuticle, and desmocytes are thought to be the most likely host cell infected. Early diplokaryotic meronts develop into large plasmodia, with unpaired nuclei that divide by plasmotomy to form sporonts. During sporogony there is a precocious development of the polar filament extrusion apparatus which is associated with electron lucent inclusions. The polar filament can be fully arranged and well developed prior to the final division to form two sporoblasts. SSU rDNA sequence data is most similar to members of the Nucleospora and its position is robustly supported within the Enterocytozoonidae.
Type host: Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer) ex Salmo salar L.
Location: Numerous Atlantic salmon farms on the west coast of Scotland.
Type location: Toward Point, Argyll. Grid reference NS 137 672 GB (55° 51' N, 4° 58' W).
Site of infection: Desmocytes associated with the glycocalyx border, basal to the epidermal tissue layer under the cuticle and along haemocoelic divisions.
Etymology: The genus name Desmozoon refers to the cell type infected. Desomcyte: any elongated interstitial cell, as in fibrocyte or fibroblast. The specific name lepeophtherii refers to the generic name of the parasitic copepod host (Lepeophtheirus).
The presence of a diplokaryotic stage during early merogony that undergoes nuclear dissociation and develops to form a merogonial plasmodium that divides to yield uninucleate sporonts has not been observed in the Enterocytozoonidae before. However, the typical family traits of the precocious development of the polar filament and the presence of ELIs were consistently observed, albeit in sporonts instead of a sporogonial plasmodium. Phylogenetic analyses consistently and robustly place Desmozoon lepeophtherii with other members of the Enterocytozoonidae as a monophyletic group, supporting the ultrastructural findings. This study highlights the importance of supplying a SSU rDNA sequence when describing new species of microsporidia. It is increasingly apparent that certain ultrastructural features, such as the diplokaryotic arrangement of nuclei can be lost or gained very rapidly over evolutionary time  and, following such characters leads to unacceptable polyphyletic groupings defined by character states that have evolved separately on numerous occasions and are not derived from a common ancestor . Therefore the use of gene sequences to infer phylogenetic relatedness is extremely valuable and is vital for resolving the higher taxonomic issues in the microsporidia.
These results of this study lead us to the conclusion that the microsporidian hyperparasite of L. salmonis should be included in the Enterocytozoonidae. But, due to the unique ultrastructural features observed, xenoma formation, the novelty of the parasitic copepod host and the 10% sequence divergence seen in the SSU rDNA to its closest relative, that a new genus should be erected; the name Desmozoon lepeophtherii n. gen. n. sp. is proposed.
Mark A Freeman and Christina Sommerville contributed equally to this work.
MF collected material and prepared and performed the TEM and DNA analyses. MF and CS analysed the data and prepared the manuscript.


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Australian World War I Battle Sites in France
Our day tour from Paris of Australian World War I battle sites in France is a full day tour that includes 3 memorials to Australian troops at Pozières and several sites near and in Villers-Bretonneux. They comprise two key sectors of Australian World War I battle sites in France.
One of the unique features of our tour is the fact that you can modify any aspect of it at any time.
We suggest beginning your tour with our bilingual guide collecting you in an upscale vehicle at your Paris address at 0730. We then drive in the direction of Pozières, where we will arrive two hours later. During the drive, if you would like it, our guide will share with you encyclopedic knowledge of the events that let up to the outbreak of World War I, its evolution from 1914 to 1916, and what transpired for Australian forces at Pozières and Villers-Bretonneux.
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A view of the Australian cemetery at Villers-Bretonneux, near Amiens
A soldier of the great war Bedford house cemetery.
A Lee Enfield .303 rifle with ammunition clips, standard issue for Australian soldiers in WWI
An Australian WWI helmet, also standard issue to Australian troops in WWI
Pozières is where Australia suffered horrific losses in the summer of 1916, with over 23,000 casualties (killed, wounded or missing in action). We will visit three memorials to Australian troops: the First Division Memorial, the Windmill Memorial, and the A.I.F. Memorial at Mouquet Farm. We will also stop for a brief walk around the near-by Thiepval Memorial, which commemorates over 72,000 mostly British soldiers whose bodies were never found, lost between 1915 and 1918.
We then drive in the direction of Villers-Bretonneux, stopping along the way for lunch, which we suggest limiting to an hour so that we can include all of the key Australian sites in the Somme Valley (it can be longer, if you wish). The Australian Memorial outside Villers-Bretonneux commemorates all Australian soldiers who fought in France between 1916 and 1918. It also lists the names of 10,982 Australian soldiers whose bodies were never found (6 were found since the creation of the memorial).
We then proceed to the Sir John Monash Center, which is adjoined to the memorial. Named after the general who rose to assume command of the entire Australian Corps, it focusses on the Australia's participation on the Western Front of World War I, and uses inter-active multi-media to evoke the record. There is extensive input from participants, and visitors are encouraged to down-load the application that was created specifically for the purpose of visiting the center.
At the time that Monash assumed over-all command, the Australia Corps was the largest body of Allied troops in the Western front. An advocate of meticulous planning and the coordination and simultaneous action of multiple forces (air, artillery, infantry and armor), he achieved brilliant victories. In a war often remembered for commanders who cavalierly ordered hundreds of thousands of their troops to their deaths, his advocacy of the necessity to protect them as much as possible was unique.
We continue your tour of Australian WWI battle sites in France by driving into Villers-Bretonneux, where Australian troops on April 4, 1918, stopped a German offensive that threatened Amiens. Many believe that this success eventually led to the collapse of the German forces in the Western front and changed the course of the war. We will visit the Franco-Australian Museum in town, and then drive to and visit the Adelaide Australian Cemetery outside of town.
Interested In Our Australian World War I Battle Sites in France?
Our last visit of the day is a short distance away at Le Hamel to visit the outdoor Australian Corps Memorial Park. Le Hamel was the site of an Australian assault (supported by 1,000 American troops) and was meticulously planned by Monash, who allowed 90 minutes for the entire operation. Victory was actually brought in at 93. His brilliant success earned Monash the task of planning the Battle of Amiens, which also succeeded, and it led to the Armistice a few months later.
Our return drive to Paris will take two hours and we will drop you there, where you wish, at about eight pm.
"Shahin,
Just a quick note to let you know how much we enjoyed the tour of the Loire Valley [Custom Loire Valley Day Tour from Paris of 2 chateaux and 1 wine estate]. Let me start by saying the best part of the trip was meeting you and listening and learning about the history of France and specifically Chenonceaux. Your comments and guidance throughout the day made the experience far more than just a sight-seeing trip. Lunch was great and so were Amboise and the wine tasting. I can't thank you enough for putting this tour together for us, we will enjoy the memories for years to come.
Stephen Kelly – San Francisco, CA
For more information or to schedule a tour, please contact us at our
US Number – (631) 600-1120
Full Day Private Tours
TOUR PRICES
Your price is determined by the number of persons in your party, as follows:
1 - 3 Persons: $1475 US
Our price includes our provision of our guide and an upscale vehicle for the number of hours required, plus fuel, tolls and parking fees. Snacks, drinks, meals, gratuities, and entry/tasting fees at places that charge them are not included in our tour fee.


text:
Q: call Function in specific time interval using pthread in linux c++ I want to call function in specific time (2 micro second) interval using pthread in linux c++.
I want to call this function inside pthread till some specific condition occur after that rest of the code inside the thread is run. this procedure occur continue.
please give some solution or example code ??

A: usleep
Use a for loop and call your function, after/before it, put usleep.

The usleep() function suspends execution of the calling thread for (at least) usec microseconds. The sleep may be lengthened slightly by any system activity or by the time spent processing the call or by the granularity of system timers.

A: We can have a look at the snippet from this great article on threads:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<pthread.h>

void* say_hello(void* data)
{
    char *str;
    str = (char*)data;
    while(1)
    {
        printf("%s\n",str);
        sleep(1);
    }
}

void main()
{
    pthread_t t1,t2;

    pthread_create(&t1,NULL,say_hello,"hello from 1");
    pthread_create(&t2,NULL,say_hello,"hello from 2");
    pthread_join(t1,NULL);
}

As of now the say_hello function is run in a thread forever because of the  while(1) loop. One can modify the loop to break when some condition is true (counter, some variable value change, time elapsed, etc.).
What to do after this function exits? One can modify the main function to have a thread for say_hello created in a loop (endlessly, if needed). Btw, the second thread creation (as in the example) is not needed.
Hope this helps anyone who is looking for an answer to this ancient question.


PRINCE GEORGE - Police in Prince George County are looking for two men who robbed a pizza delivery driver.
On Tuesday at around 10:30 p.m., the driver was called to a residence at the Jefferson Point side of the Bailey's Park area. According to police, he was approached by two men who took an undisclosed amount of money at gunpoint.
"When they left on foot, they fired a shot in the air," said Lt. Paul Burroughs with Prince George County Police.
The robbery is currently under investigation. Police ask anyone with information to call Prince George County Crimesolvers at 804-733-2777 or Hopewell Crimesolvers at 804-541-2101.


A written account by Dr. John Freeman, professor emeritus in physics and astronomy and director of Master of Liberal Studies.
The idea sounded great: a chance to witness a total eclipse of the sun. The Houston Museum of Natural Science was organizing at trip to Cairns, Australia, to witness the last total eclipse of the sun visible from Earth until 2015. Thrown in for fun was time in Sydney, Australia, Christchurch and Queenstown, New Zealand, and a stop in Fiji on the way home.
To get a good view of the eclipse, Carolyn Sumner from the museum had arranged for us all to have a top-floor hotel room with a balcony facing east. The eclipse would occur shortly after sunrise on November 14, 2012, just above a group of mountains to the east beyond a beautiful Coral Sea bay facing the city of Cairns. Alas, on the prescribed morning a group of clouds hung right above the mountains. As the sun rose and the moment of totality approached the clouds played peek-a-boo with the sun. I was able to get some photos of the partial phases going toward totality and coming out of totality, but during the two minutes when the moon completely hid the sun, it was all clouds. Sigh!
Partial eclipse going toward totality hidden in the clouds.
Partial eclipse coming out of totality.
The trip was great fun anyway. Highlights included a wonderful few days in Sydney with a guided tour and ballet performance at the world famous Sydney Opera House. The Sydney Opera House is an astounding architectural wonder. The challenges involved in building it were enormous. The Sydney Opera House took 16 years to build and was 14 times over budget. Of course, no trip to Australia would be complete without diving or snorkeling in the Great Barrier Reef: beautiful fish and coral.
In New Zealand the highlight was the incredible beauty of the mountains and the fjords. I had a chance to join a ski-plane flight that landed on a glacier on Mount Cook – a once in a lifetime experience. In New Zealand we saw more sheep than one can imagine – as well as demonstrations of how working sheep-dogs can control and corral the sheep with uncanny skill. We also saw demonstrations of sheep shearing. In case you have ever wondered, the world record for sheep shearing is about 600 sheep in one day by one person. Fiji was about the natural beauty of the South Sea Islands, and again the majestic coral reefs.
After nine plane flights, one as long as 14 hours, endless airport lines, security searches and canceled flights it was good to be home and back to friends and the MLS program. The eclipse of 2015 will be visible from the U.S. – an easier trek!
John: Thank you for sharing the details of your trip! May we all strive to live our lives as fully as you live yours.
Carol, I couldn't agree with you more!


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text:
What About Henry Hudson at New York Bay? Part 1
Hudson's ship, Halve Maen. Wikimedia Commons
Henry Hudson envisioned that he would be the first explorer to find the elusive western passage through North America to the Orient. He persisted in this westward looking vision although his financier, the Dutch East India Company, insisted that he search eastward through the ice-bound sea north of Russia. Hudson had previously tried this northeastern route as well as a northerly route directly over the North Pole. Both had failed due to impassable ice.
On 25 March 1609, Hudson, an Englishman under contract with the Dutch, set sail in the Halve Maen (Half Moon). The Dutch, aware of Hudson's belief in a westward passage, specified that he should not attempt a west route even if the eastern route proved impossible. Hudson had no interest in another failure, therefore it is not surprising that he soon found a good reason to end this effort, using the weather as the excuse. As might be expected along the west coast of Norway in late spring, the ship did encounter severe storms with gale force winds; but examination of the logs also shows much fair weather, raising doubts that weather actually forced him back. Rather than return to Amsterdam as instructed, Hudson turned west and later anchored in a bay on the coast of Nova Scotia. From there he sailed south as far as Chesapeake Bay, then turned and sailed north again.
On the third of September Hudson sighted an opening to a bay, which appeared to be the mouth of a large river. The next morning they entered what came to be known as New York Bay and dropped anchor. Soon "people of the country" came to the ship carrying trade goods and seemed glad to see the Europeans. They traded green tobacco, deer skins, and maize for knives and beads. He reported that the native people wore skins of foxes and other animals, and were "very civil." Hudson also noted that the people had copper tobacco pipes, and he inferred that copper naturally existed in the area. Over the next two days other trading sessions took place. Hudson recorded the Indian name for a large island in the river as Manna-Hata.
On the sixth of September five crewmen were determining water depths by boat when they were attacked by natives in two canoes. One of the crewmen, John Colman, was killed by an arrow in the neck. When Indians came again with their trade goods, the ship's crew captured two of them briefly, but set one free while the other jumped overboard. No more trading took place under these tense conditions.
Hudson weighed anchor on 13 September 1609 and began his exploration up the great river that still bears his name. He hoped this river might be a connection to the Orient. As the Halve Maen sailed up the river, Hudson wrote in his log, "It is as pleasant a land as one need tread upon; very abundant in all kinds of timber suitable for ship building and for making large casks or vats." Sixty miles up the river they reported seeing many salmon. "Our boat went out and caught a great many very good fish." Indians came to the ship and traded corn, pumpkins, and tobacco for what Hudson considered mere trifles, not knowing that the Indians saw these "trifles" as valuable for commerce among themselves.
Hudson wrote further on his impressions, "the land is the finest for cultivation that I have ever in my life set foot upon, and also abounds in trees of every description. The natives are very good people." Regarding the agriculture of the natives, Hudson wrote that he saw enough maize and beans spread for drying to load three ships, in addition to the standing crops in the fields.
On the twenty-second of September they found the river too shallow to continue farther upstream, and in the vicinity of present day Albany they turned the ship for return to the sea. The ship's log ends during the return crossing with a puzzling gap from the fifth of October to the seventh of November, when the Halve Maen docked in Dartmouth, England. There Hudson was detained by the Crown to prevent him from sailing again for the Dutch. After months of delay the Dutch portion of the crew continued to Amsterdam.
Henry Hudson failed in his quest for a passage through North America, as did many others. This third voyage, however, succeeded by claiming much of present day New York and parts of surrounding states for the Dutch, who began to settle the areas around New York Bay. The Dutch managed to hold their claim until 1674 when the land was ceded to the British.
Why did Hudson stop in England rather than Holland? There is no clear answer; perhaps he was avoiding repercussions for blatantly disregarding instructions. or perhaps the English component of the crew forced him to stop in England. The gap in the log might have shed light on this question. There are several known instances of dissent and mutiny among Hudson's crews over his four voyages, the last one leading to his abandonment and disappearance with eight others on the shore of Hudson Bay in June 1611. Hudson's greatest weakness was a leadership style that provoked his crews to mutiny, and in the end this weakness defeated his ambition for exploration.
Asher, George M. Henry Hudson the Navigator: The Original Documents in Which His Career is Recorded, Collected, Partly Translated, and Annotated. New York: Burt Franklin, Publisher, 1860.
Johnson, Donald S. Charting the Sea of Darkness: the Four Voyages of Henry Hudson. Camden, Maine: International Marine, 1993.
McCoy, Roger M. On the Edge: Mapping North America's Coast. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
First appeared in Oxford University Press Blog 9/7/13


text:
La route 346 est une route tertiaire de la province de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador d'orientation ouest-est, située dans le nord-est de l'île de Terre-Neuve, sur l'île du Nouveau Monde, au nord-est de Summerford. Elle est une route faiblement empruntée reliant la route 340 à Newville à Toogood Arm. Route alternative de la 340, elle mesure 13 kilomètres, et est une route de. Gravier sur ses 6 derniers kilomètres, soit entre Cobb's Arm et Toogood Arm, alors qu'elle effectue un «S».

Communautés traversées
Newville
Cobb's Arm
Green Cove
Toogood Arm

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Route de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Gum disease can impact one or several teeth; a quadrant; an arch; or your entire mouth can be impacted with this oral health problem. Even if you are diligent about brushing and flossing; and visit your dentist every six months as recommended, you can still develop gingivitis.
The early signs of gingivitis include unprovoked bleeding gums; swollen, red gum tissue; or chronic bad breath. If teeth feel loose and are pulling away from gums, you may have a more advanced stage of gum disease called periodontitis.
If gums bleed during brushing, you may be using too firm a toothbrush or a heavy hand. Switch to a soft bristle brush. And you don't have to scrub your teeth to remove plaque. The important thing to remember is you need to brush at least twice every day with a fluoridated toothpaste for two minutes each time.
An electronic toothbrush is an excellent tool as it actually does the work while you guide it around your mouth reaching all your teeth. Most come with some type of timer signal that lets you know when you have brushed for two minutes. Flossing daily will remove food debris your toothbrush missed.
Healthy gum tissue is pink and firm – puffy, red, bleeding gums can indicate the onset of gingivitis.
Eating and drinking strong consumables like garlic, onions, or coffee can mean bad breath … brushing, rinsing, or sucking on a breath mint can alleviate this type of bad breath. But when bad breath is ongoing, you might be dealing with an oral infection. A visit to the dentist will provide a diagnosis – as previously mentioned, gingivitis can impact one or many teeth.
Very often the solution is a deep cleaning where your dentist goes beneath the surface of gum tissue to remove plaque build-up that has formed. This is called root planing and scaling – once plaque has been removed, the area can heal. If infection is present, an antibiotic may be provided to promote healing.
Ailing gum tissue and chronic bad breath are the leading signs of gingivitis; but if your oral health has advanced to loose teeth or gum tissue pulling away from teeth, get to your dentist as soon as possible. Undiagnosed gum disease can lead to serious infection, an abscess, or even tooth loss … with proper treatment and care, your oral health can be restored.
For more information or to schedule a visit, contact Withers Dentistry at 940-566-2847.


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Comerica Bank Announces Record $100,000 Donation to Winner of 2019 Comerica Hatch Detroit Contest
Largest bank employer in Metro Detroit doubles down on small business in the Motor City
.@ComericaBank doubles down on commitment to #smallbiz in Detroit with record $100,000 donation for 2019 Comerica @HatchDetroit Contest http://bit.ly/2K33mSs
NEWSROOM: Comerica Bank
CONTENT: Press Release
DETROIT, June 7, 2019 /3BL Media/ - Comerica Bank, the longest-serving bank in Michigan for 170 years, is excited to announce a new, $100,000 donation to the winner of the 2019 Comerica Hatch Detroit Contest. The record amount in startup funds will go toward opening a brick and mortar business in Detroit, Hamtramck or Highland Park. In addition to Comerica's $100,000 investment, the bank will also double its organizational support to Hatch Detroit with a supplementary $40,000 donation.
"We view our relationships with small businesses as crucial investments into our communities," said Michael T. Ritchie, Comerica Bank Michigan President. "We are proud of our partnership with Hatch Detroit for the past seven years, and we are most delighted to see how well previous winners and alumni are succeeding. Our goal is to help our communities thrive, and we believe this will continue planting successful retail businesses in and around Detroit."
In addition to startup funds, the 2019 Comerica Hatch Detroit Contest winner will receive a comprehensive package of accounting, legal, IT and public relations support from Hatch Detroit and its partners.
"The Comerica Hatch Detroit Contest is a catalyst for economic development in Detroit's neighborhoods," says Vittoria Katanski, executive director, Hatch Detroit. "Independent retail helps define the character and personality of city neighborhoods. Together with partners such as Comerica Bank, Hatch Detroit can continue to support independent retail while introducing 10 of the year's best business concepts."
The 2019 Comerica Hatch Detroit contest officially kicks off Friday, June 7 when entrepreneurs can begin submitting their business plans online at HatchDetroit.com/apply through July 31.
The Top 10 businesses will be announced once the submission period ends, and two rounds of public voting will follow, including a Top Ten and Top Four – allowing the Detroit community to vote for the business they believe is worthy of the $100,000 top prize.
The Comerica Hatch Detroit Contest concludes Thursday, October 17 with the annual "Hatch Off" at Ford Field in the Comerica Gridiron Club.
KEY COMERICA HATCH DETROIT DATES:
June 7: Submissions begin
July 31: Submissions end
September 27: Top 10 Announced; Voting Starts
October 3: Top 10 voting end
October 4: Top 4 Announced and Voting Begins
October 10: Top 4 Voting Ends
October 17: Hatch Off
HATCH HISTORY
Few neighborhood retail competitions compare to the Comerica Hatch Detroit Contest, given the many success stories and excitement generated year after year. Six of the eight winners serve Detroiters in neighborhoods such as Midtown, Corktown and West Village, including Hugh (2011), La Feria (2012), Batch Brewing Company (2013), Sister Pie (2014), Live Cycle Delight (2015) and Meta Physica Massage (2016). 2017 winner Baobab Fare, is scheduled to open its doors in 2019, and 2018 winner Toma Detroit is scheduled to open in 2020.
42 Hatch alumni businesses have opened since the Comerica Hatch Detroit Contest began in 2011, and Hatch Detroit has provided more than $1 million of in-kind services to both contest winners and alumni.
Since Comerica Bank's partnership with Hatch Detroit began in 2012, Comerica has awarded a total of $350,000 in startup funding, with each winner earning $50,000. In 2018, Comerica Bank provided an additional $20,000 in organizational support, making for a collective investment of $370,000 into Detroit's premier retail competition.
The Comerica Hatch Detroit Contest encourages crowd entrepreneurship to ensure residents have a voice in helping to decide the type of retail they want in their community. Nearly 2,000 business submissions have been made over the past eight years, and the public has cast 520,000 votes.
Comerica Bank, a subsidiary of Comerica Incorporated, has served Michigan longer than any other bank with a continuous presence dating back 170 years to its Detroit founding in 1849. It is the largest bank employer in metro Detroit and has more than 4,800 employees (FTE) statewide. With one of the largest banking center networks in Michigan, Comerica nurtures lifelong relationships with unwavering integrity and financial prudence. Comerica positively impacts the lives of Michigan residents by helping customers be successful, providing financial support that assists hundreds of charitable organizations, and actively participating in Detroit's downtown revitalization. Comerica Incorporated (NYSE: CMA) is a financial services company strategically aligned by three business segments: The Business Bank, The Retail Bank, and Wealth Management. Follow on Facebook at www.facebook.com/Comerica and Twitter @ComericaBank.
About Hatch Detroit
Hatch Detroit is a Michigan based 501(c)(3) organization supports both existing and new retail initiatives in the cities of Detroit, Highland Park and Hamtramck. Hatch Detroit was founded in 2011 to give residents and aspiring entrepreneurs a voice in the redevelopment of Detroit. Beyond the contest, Hatch Detroit provides funding, exposure and mentoring in support of its alumni entrepreneurs. Together, Hatch Detroit alumni have opened 42 businesses, employ over 500 people, and have invested over $7 million in their businesses. To learn more, visit www.hatchdetroit.comor connect with us on Facebook.
For further information: Matt Barnhart (313) 222-3694 mpbarnhart@comerica.com
CATEGORY: Philanthropy & Cause Initiatives
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Is the Glass Ceiling Broken?
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Records Set at Annual Comerica Shred Day in Southeast Michigan
More Than Four Thousand North Texans Shred Sensitive Documents at Comerica Bank's Ninth Annual Shred Day DFW Event
Comerica Bank Hosts Shred Day in Southeast Michigan June 15


text:
La Gfinity est une compétition d'ESport Call of Duty organisée par la MLG. Elle a eu lieu à deux reprises : la première fois sous le nom de Gfinity et la deuxième fois sous le nom de Gfinity G2. Elles se sont toutes deux déroulées sur le jeu Call of Duty: Black Ops 2 et ont réuni les meilleures équipes du monde.

Le tournoi se déroule sur deux jours et rassemble uniquement les équipes américaines et européennes (pionnières du domaine).

Première édition
La Gfinity G1 a eu lieu les 13 et  à Londres en Angleterre.  de dotations se sont partagés ainsi :

Seconde édition
La Gfinity G2 a eu lieu les 12 et  à Londres en Angleterre.  de dotations se sont partagés ainsi :

Cette seconde édition a vu l'équipe américaine compLexity l'emporter pour la seconde fois consécutive en deux éditions, ce qui en fait l'unique gagnante.

Références

Compétition d'esport
Call of Duty


text:
Democrats push for changes to state budget
Democrats went on the offensive to push for changes to the biennial budget
Democrats push for changes to state budget Democrats went on the offensive to push for changes to the biennial budget Check out this story on greenbaypressgazette.com: http://gbpg.net/1yhfp3n
Jeff Bollier, USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Published 5:36 p.m. CT April 9, 2015
State Sen. Dave Hansen speaks about proposed cuts to SeniorCare during a news conference at the Brown County Courthouse in Green Bay in February. At right is Pat Finder-Stone, Brown County Aging and Disability Resource Center board member. At left is state Rep. Eric Genrich, D-Green Bay.(Photo: File/Press-Gazette Media)Buy Photo
Democrats in the State Legislature urged their Republican colleagues to address detrimental changes to education, health care and environmental programs included in the 2015-17 state budget.
The Joint Finance Committee will begin meeting next week to make changes to the proposed budget. Ahead of those meetings, state Sen. Dave Hansen, D-Green Bay, and state Reps. Eric Genrich, D-Green Bay and Gordon Hintz, D-Oshkosh, were among the Democrats who went on the offensive Thursday during a news conference at the Brown County Courthouse.
The legislators said they hope Republicans will support proposals to restore Department of Natural Resources cuts and changes to long-term care programs for seniors and disabled residents since they have minimal financial impact on the budget.
"These things make no sense, there's zero support for them and they violate longstanding Wisconsin priorities and values," Hintz, D-Oshkosh said. "That's what we've heard from people throughout the state."
Genrich, D-Green Bay, said he wants to reduce education cuts that would eliminate $7.5 million in funding for Brown County school districts and more than $5 million in funds for the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay.
"I've been paying attention to the state budget … for roughly the last 14 years," Genrich said. "I can say with total certainty that I've never seen something as extreme as this piece of legislation. … This budget is wrong for my constituents, wrong for Wisconsin, and it's time to fix it."
From left, State Representative Gordon Hintz, D-Oshkosh, State Representative Amanda Stuck, D-Appleton, State Senator Dave Hanson, D-Green Bay, State Representative Eric Genrich, D-Green Bay, and State Senator Janet Bewley, D-Ashland, listen to residents as they express their concerns on the proposed state budget during a listening session at Green Bay West High School on Tuesday, March 24, 2015. (Photo: Evan Siegle/Press-Gazette Media/@PGevansiegle)
Hansen said the proposed 40 percent cut to SeniorCare, changes to the FamilyCare model, the elimination of the IRIS program for disabled adults, and an overhaul of the state's aging and disability resource centers should be taken out of Gov. Scott Walker's proposed budget. Hansen also said the state should follow the example of other Midwest states and accept $345 million in federal funding to expand Medicare.
"These are just a few examples of how the budget sacrifices the well-being of average Wisconsinites in favor of giving more and more tax cuts and dollars to the governor's billionaire friends and corporate special interests," Hansen said.
— jbollier@pressgazettemedia.com and follow him on Twitter @GBstreetwise
Read or Share this story: http://gbpg.net/1yhfp3n


text:
Q: PHP How to create instance of class returned as string from method invocation How to call something like this:
$instance = new ($b->method($id))();

where method(int $id): string returns class name?
The construct above gives me a syntax error, but this is ok:
$className = $b->method($id);
$instance = new $className();

I'm just wondering if and how it can be done.
I was surprised that brackets could not say that content of brackets $b->method($id) should be executed first and resulting string used to object instantiating.
I probably will not use it in production code, but I'm still interested.

A: This is not possible on PHP because 'new' needs a string or variable with a string.
The () characters are used for aritmethic associations and for parameters on languaje constructions, and you can't assign to new the result of a call to another function.


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How many polar bears will be left in 2100?
Thursday 23 Jul 20 12:00pm
RESEARCHERS have long known that polar bear populations will almost certainly suffer as a result of climate change. But a new study projects that by the end of the century, the bears may exist only in a few subpopulations in the northernmost region of their range.
Related Topics: Carbon News world
Latest in Antarctic/Arctic
Lorde urges climate action ahead of new book on Antarctica trip (27 Nov 20)
Greenland's ice loss likely to hit 12,000-year high (6 Oct 20)
Melting Arctic needs new name to match reality (17 Sep 20)
ANTARCTICA: 60% of ice shelves at risk (28 Aug 20)
Greenland's ice sheet at 'point of no return' (18 Aug 20)
Earth's biggest ice sheet more vulnerable than thought (28 Jul 20)
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We're encroaching on Antarctica's last wild places (17 Jul 20)


text:
Trump Hopes U.S.-Mexico Deal Will Stem The Flow Of Asylum-Seekers The surge of Central American migrants is straining dozens of interior checkpoints along the U.S.-Mexico border — with temporary closures of some posts and the reassignment of agents at others.
Trump Hopes U.S.-Mexico Deal Will Stem The Flow Of Asylum-Seekers
Trump Hopes U.S.-Mexico Deal Will Stem The Flow Of Asylum-Seekers 3:58
June 12, 20195:02 AM ET
Heard on Morning Edition
Eric Westervelt
The surge of Central American migrants is straining dozens of interior checkpoints along the U.S.-Mexico border — with temporary closures of some posts and the reassignment of agents at others.
RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:
We have reported before about how the surge of Central American migrants seeking asylum in the U.S. has put a strain on federal resources. This morning, we look at how this is affecting checkpoints inland, miles away from the border, where agents say they're fighting to stay ahead of human and drug smugglers. NPR's Eric Westervelt has this story from the largest and busiest checkpoint in the southwest.
ERIC WESTERVELT, BYLINE: If you head north on Texas Highway 281, an hour's drive north of the U.S.-Mexico border crossing, you're stopped at the new and expanded Falfurrias checkpoint. 281 is the central artery out of the Rio Grande Valley. Veteran Border Patrol agent Tom Slowinski says this rural road remains a main route for traffickers shepherding people or drugs north.
THOMAS SLOWINSKI: They're making a run at us every day. No other checkpoint anywhere on the southwest border catches more alien smuggling cases than this checkpoint right here.
WESTERVELT: This post is one of 34 permanent inland checkpoints across the southern border. Here, every truck or car is met by an armed, green-shirted agent who asks...
SLOWINSKI: What's your citizenship? You know, tell me where you were born.
WESTERVELT: This new checkpoint has more drug-detecting sniffer dogs and new, state-of-the-art technology to detect contraband or people. Falfurrias is the first interior checkpoint to deploy a new drive-through, vehicle-screening system called a Z Portal.
SLOWINSKI: Combination of drive-through X-ray and radiation detection - here at this checkpoint, it's set up - high capacity, high volume, high capability.
WESTERVELT: Slowinski, the patrol agent in charge here, has spent 34 years with the Border Patrol. He's seen it all - migrants crammed into trunks, the hollowed-out car batteries and dolls and other novel hiding spots for drugs. But he's not sure he's seen this much strain on manpower and resources. In March, Customs and Border Protection temporarily closed six interior checkpoints to move more agents to the border. They remain shuttered today. Slowinski says Falfurrias has also had to give up personnel to help out at migrant intake and processing stations to the south.
SLOWINSKI: It's a constant reevaluation of the chess pieces. All the stations are impacted. It's a lot more people to process. It's a lot more people to take care of in custody. It's just a lot more work to handle the volume and the tempo when your holding cells are constantly full.
WESTERVELT: Federal Drug Enforcement Administration agents on the border say they, too, have felt an indirect impact from the shifting of resources south.
WILL GLASPY: Seizures of methamphetamine, heroin, cocaine and fentanyl have increased.
WESTERVELT: That's Will Glaspy, the DEA special agent in charge of a giant slice of South Texas, including most of the state's border with Mexico. He says the increase in hard drugs couldn't come at a worse time, as these inland checkpoints are now a little more vulnerable.
GLASPY: Any time you don't have those there as a secondary line of defense - a linebacker, if you will - some illegal contraband is going to make it into the United States that these checkpoints would pick up.
WESTERVELT: Glaspy also says there is evidence, anecdotal as it is, that Mexican drug cartels are taking advantage of the influx of migrants. While border agents are busier than ever processing people, the cartels, he says, are seizing an opening to send more meth, heroin and fentanyl north through established ports of entry.
GLASPY: It's kind of hard to quantify a negative. But on many occasions, all they're simply doing is divert the attention of the Border Patrol agents, and then run narcotics in an area behind the agents.
WESTERVELT: President Trump has long pressed for extra money for border protection and a giant border wall - a campaign promise - to stop migrants and drug smugglers. But DEA and border agents we talked with say these inland checkpoints and border ports are what need more funding not necessarily a wall.
Eric Westervelt, NPR News, Falfurrias, Texas.


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'Real Housewives' Cast Shocker: Only 5 Orange County Housewives Remain
The Real Housewives of Orange County has been announced by Bravo, and the show is expected to return for its 10th season this spring. Even though the network announced several Real Housewives shows, the Orange County wives have yet to get an airdate. And it sounds like there could be some changes in the cast.
Many believed that two new wives were joining the Real Housewives of Orange County ladies. The two new wives were supposed to be Meghan King Edmonds and Katie Chadwick Hamilton. And while Bravo hasn't announced anything, it sounds like these two housewives may not be official housewives if a new picture is to be believed. This morning, a picture surfaced that is causing some questions.
According to a new tweet, the 10th season of The Real Housewives of Orange County will only have five wives. This doesn't match the stories that two new wives are joining the cast. If Meghan and Katie are two official housewives, that means that two original housewives have gotten the boot. Vicki Gunvalson will probably continue as the original housewife. Other wives include Tamra Barney, Lizzie Rovsek, Shannon Beador, and Heather Dubrow.
According to the Inquisitr, Lizzie Rovsek recently talked about this upcoming season, so she may be a part of it. In addition, Vicki Gunvalson and Tamra Judge have also spoken out about the two new additions.
"We have three newbies and they don't know what the f— they're doing" Tamra has revealed about the new Real Housewives of Orange County cast members, adding, "They're gonna come on and go, 'She's a liar!'"
Shannon Beador may have questioned whether she should return to The Real Housewives of Orange County, as her marriage faced some serious hurdles last season. It appears they are fine now, but it is possible that she doesn't want to go back on The Real Housewives of Orange County. As for Heather Dubrow, she has been distancing herself a little from the spotlight.
"I came in not knowing anyone. I came from the scripted world, and I was very uncomfortable doing reality," Dubrow has revealed, adding, "When I first started the show, I was very buttoned-up and very reserved. It's really been an evolution for me in the group and on the show."
In addition, Heather slammed Bravo for harboring a criminal after Teresa Giudice from The Real Housewives of New Jersey was sentenced to 15 months behind bars. Lastly, Jeana Keough has also teased her return to The Real Housewives of Orange County, meaning there could be 5 original wives and 3 friends of the wives.
Who do you think the five housewives are for the upcoming season of The Real Housewives of Orange County?
[Image via Bravo]


To provide the best possible services and commitment one customer at a time.
Ever since Fast & Clean Painting and Pressure Washing was founded, we have established our reputation as one of the leading commercial and residential painting companies in the Palm Beach Gardens area. We provide quality services such as Painting Services, Caulking Services, Patching Services, Waterproofing Services, Pressure Cleaning Services just to name a few.
When you trust your home or business painting needs to Fast & Clean Painting and Pressure Washing you are guaranteed high quality services from one of the top painting providers and product selection from some of the top brand names in the painting industry. We know exactly which tools are required for each contract and provide free consultations about your commercial or residential painting needs before beginning the job.
Pressure Cleaning; Roofs, Complete exteriors, Pool Decks, Driveways, anything that can handle the pressure.
So, even if you know nothing about painting, the talented staff at Fast & Clean Painting and Pressure Washing can assist you is discovering the painting services that you need.


text:
Q: Extract numeric value from ACF in R This is what I am trying to do:
x <- c(1,2,3,3,2,3,4,5,6)

my_acf = acf(x,plot=F)

> my_acf

Autocorrelations of series 'x', by lag

     0      1      2      3      4      5      6      7      8
 1.000  0.497  0.097 -0.047 -0.050 -0.075 -0.231 -0.376 -0.316

I want to extract only 0.497, the correlation coefficient on the first lag, and I want to have it as a numeric value. How can I do that?
Thank You

A: The answer is to use my_acf$acf[2]. Here is what lead me to the solution:
> attributes(my_acf)
$names
[1] "acf"    "type"   "n.used" "lag"    "series" "snames"

$class
[1] "acf"

> my_acf$acf
, , 1

             [,1]
 [1,]  1.00000000
 [2,]  0.49747475
 [3,]  0.09722222
 [4,] -0.04734848
 [5,] -0.04987374
 [6,] -0.07512626
 [7,] -0.23106061
 [8,] -0.37563131
 [9,] -0.31565657

> my_acf$acf[2]
[1] 0.4974747

A: You can try like this
my_acf$acf


Day 3 – Say Yes to the Holiday Parties that you want to go to. Say No to the rest.
It's Day 3 of my 31 Days of Healthy Ways to Enjoy the Holidays More. Hopefully you are already on your way to having a happier holiday season! Today's tip is say yes to the holiday parties that you really want to go to and know that it's ok to say no to the rest. There is no rule that says if you have no plans you must say yes.
Let me tell you a secret. I am someone who says "No thank you" to invitations even when I don't have any plans. Frequently. I know that makes me sound like a jerk and I know it's controversial to put that out there! But the amount of energy we waste doing things that don't serve us in some way means we don't have the energy to do the things we really want and need to do!
I used to feel like I had to accept invitations if I didn't already have plans. It doesn't mean that I don't like the people inviting me to something if I say no and it doesn't mean that I don't want to be invited to their events in the future, it's just that I can only handle a couple of parties during the holiday season before you'll find me outside in the snow tangled in a string of popcorn & cranberries and swimming in vat of eggnog. Not really, but after years of feeling stretched during December, I figured out my limits and it's okay for you to also! Maybe you can handle a party every Friday, Saturday and Sunday of the holiday season. Good for you! But if you can't, there's no shame in acknowledging it. Accept who you are.
Let go of the guilt that too many incoming invitations bring. Just because someone invited you to a holiday party does not mean you are obligated to go, even if that invitation comes from someone you once were very good friends with, lived with or went to school with two decades ago. There are only so many weekends during the holiday season and you can't attend every soiree. The more often you say no, the more comfortable it will feel. And after awhile, it actually feels good! Then you know when you say yes to something, you really want to be a part of it. Your time is valuable and you have the right to spend it as you choose. You will have more fun at the parties you choose to go to if you aren't overcommitting yourself.
If you're still feeling guilty or finding it hard to say "no thank you" when you need to, make sure the person whose invitation you are declining knows you value them by reaching out and setting up some time together after the holidays. You'll make their day and you'll feel a lot better about not being able to make it to their party. Now you'll have some time to squeeze in that self care we talked about on Day 1.
This entry was posted in Healthy Tips and tagged 31 Days, Healthy Holiday Tips on December 3, 2013 by Andrea Quigley Maynard.