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Displaying 1 - 10 of 26. Show 10 | 20 results per page.
Project acronym BAYNET
Project Bayesian Networks and Non-Rational Expectations
Researcher (PI) Ran SPIEGLER
Call Details Advanced Grant (AdG), SH1, ERC-2015-AdG
Summary "This project will develop a new framework for modeling economic agents having ""boundedly rational expectations"" (BRE). It is based on the concept of Bayesian networks (more generally, graphical models), borrowed from statistics and AI. In the framework's basic version, an agent is characterized by a directed acyclic graph (DAG) over the set of all relevant random variables. The DAG is the agent's ""type"" – it represents how he systematically distorts any objective probability distribution into a subjective belief. Technically, the distortion takes the form of the standard Bayesian-network factorization formula given by the agent's DAG. The agent's choice is modeled as a ""personal equilibrium"", because his subjective belief regarding the implications of his actions can vary with his own long-run behavior. The DAG representation unifies and simplifies existing models of BRE, subsuming them as special cases corresponding to distinct graphical representations. It captures hitherto-unmodeled fallacies such as reverse causation. The framework facilitates behavioral characterizations of general classes of models of BRE and expands their applicability. I will demonstrate this with applications to monetary policy, behavioral I.O., asset pricing, etc. I will extend the basic formalism to multi-agent environments, addressing issues beyond the reach of current models of BRE (e.g., formalizing the notion of ""high-order"" limited understanding of statistical regularities). Finally, I will seek a learning foundation for the graphical representation of BRE, in the sense that it will capture how the agent extrapolates his belief from a dataset (drawn from the objective distribution) containing ""missing values"", via some intuitive ""imputation method"". This part, too, borrows ideas from statistics and AI, further demonstrating the project's interdisciplinary nature."
"This project will develop a new framework for modeling economic agents having ""boundedly rational expectations"" (BRE). It is based on the concept of Bayesian networks (more generally, graphical models), borrowed from statistics and AI. In the framework's basic version, an agent is characterized by a directed acyclic graph (DAG) over the set of all relevant random variables. The DAG is the agent's ""type"" – it represents how he systematically distorts any objective probability distribution into a subjective belief. Technically, the distortion takes the form of the standard Bayesian-network factorization formula given by the agent's DAG. The agent's choice is modeled as a ""personal equilibrium"", because his subjective belief regarding the implications of his actions can vary with his own long-run behavior. The DAG representation unifies and simplifies existing models of BRE, subsuming them as special cases corresponding to distinct graphical representations. It captures hitherto-unmodeled fallacies such as reverse causation. The framework facilitates behavioral characterizations of general classes of models of BRE and expands their applicability. I will demonstrate this with applications to monetary policy, behavioral I.O., asset pricing, etc. I will extend the basic formalism to multi-agent environments, addressing issues beyond the reach of current models of BRE (e.g., formalizing the notion of ""high-order"" limited understanding of statistical regularities). Finally, I will seek a learning foundation for the graphical representation of BRE, in the sense that it will capture how the agent extrapolates his belief from a dataset (drawn from the objective distribution) containing ""missing values"", via some intuitive ""imputation method"". This part, too, borrows ideas from statistics and AI, further demonstrating the project's interdisciplinary nature."
Project acronym BESTDECISION
Project "Behavioural Economics and Strategic Decision Making: Theory, Empirics, and Experiments"
Researcher (PI) Vincent Paul Crawford
Summary "I will study questions of central microeconomic importance via interwoven theoretical, empirical, and experimental analyses, from a behavioural perspective combining standard methods with assumptions that better reflect evidence on behaviour and psychological insights. The contributions of behavioural economics have been widely recognized, but the benefits of its insights are far from fully realized. I propose four lines of inquiry that focus on how institutions interact with cognition and behaviour, chosen for their potential to reshape our understanding of important questions and their synergies across lines. The first line will study nonparametric identification and estimation of reference-dependent versions of the standard microeconomic model of consumer demand or labour supply, the subject of hundreds of empirical studies and perhaps the single most important model in microeconomics. It will allow such studies to consider relevant behavioural factors without imposing structural assumptions as in previous work. The second line will analyze history-dependent learning in financial crises theoretically and experimentally, with the goal of quantifying how market structure influences the likelihood of a crisis. The third line will study strategic thinking experimentally, using a powerful new design that links subjects' searches for hidden payoff information ("eye-movements") much more directly to thinking. The fourth line will significantly advance Myerson and Satterthwaite's analyses of optimal design of bargaining rules and auctions, which first went beyond the analysis of given institutions to study what is possible by designing new institutions, replacing their equilibrium assumption with a nonequilibrium model that is well supported by experiments. The synergies among these four lines' theoretical analyses, empirical methods, and data analyses will accelerate progress on each line well beyond what would be possible in a piecemeal approach."
"I will study questions of central microeconomic importance via interwoven theoretical, empirical, and experimental analyses, from a behavioural perspective combining standard methods with assumptions that better reflect evidence on behaviour and psychological insights. The contributions of behavioural economics have been widely recognized, but the benefits of its insights are far from fully realized. I propose four lines of inquiry that focus on how institutions interact with cognition and behaviour, chosen for their potential to reshape our understanding of important questions and their synergies across lines. The first line will study nonparametric identification and estimation of reference-dependent versions of the standard microeconomic model of consumer demand or labour supply, the subject of hundreds of empirical studies and perhaps the single most important model in microeconomics. It will allow such studies to consider relevant behavioural factors without imposing structural assumptions as in previous work. The second line will analyze history-dependent learning in financial crises theoretically and experimentally, with the goal of quantifying how market structure influences the likelihood of a crisis. The third line will study strategic thinking experimentally, using a powerful new design that links subjects' searches for hidden payoff information ("eye-movements") much more directly to thinking. The fourth line will significantly advance Myerson and Satterthwaite's analyses of optimal design of bargaining rules and auctions, which first went beyond the analysis of given institutions to study what is possible by designing new institutions, replacing their equilibrium assumption with a nonequilibrium model that is well supported by experiments. The synergies among these four lines' theoretical analyses, empirical methods, and data analyses will accelerate progress on each line well beyond what would be possible in a piecemeal approach."
Project acronym BRIO
Project Bounded Rationality in Industrial Organization
Summary "Economists' modern understanding of the functioning of markets is based on the behavioral assumption of individual rationality. Market agents are assumed to hold well-defined preferences and have perfect ability to draw Bayesian inferences in accordance with correct knowledge of the market model and market equilibrium. This research proposal is based on the premise that bounded rationality on the part of consumers is potentially a major source of market friction. My objective is to develop general theoretical tools to investigate this intuition, and to examine whether these tools can be insightfully applied to realistic market settings. So far, the literature on the subject has progressed as a sequence of specific models that capture one aspect of consumer psychology at a time. The challenge is to synthesize and generalize these models into flexible theoretical frameworks for modelling market interaction between profit-maximizing firms and boundedly rational consumers. Hopefully, various aspects of consumer psychology can be embedded into these frameworks, so that analytic results can be stated in terms of general, abstract properties of consumer behavior, rather than in terms of specific psychological effects. In turn, this general analysis is expected to lead to novel applications. Here are some of the general questions that I hope to address. Can we view certain aspects of firms' pricing and marketing strategies as responses to consumers' bounded rationality? To what extent are boundedly rational consumers vulnerable to exploitation by firms? Does competition protect them from exploitation? Does interaction between firms and boundedly rational consumers give rise to inefficiencies, and how are these affected by competition? What is the impact of various regulatory interventions in this context? Do market forces lead firms to ""educate"" or ""debias"" boundedly rational consumers? Does greater consumer rationality imply more competitive industry profits?"
"Economists' modern understanding of the functioning of markets is based on the behavioral assumption of individual rationality. Market agents are assumed to hold well-defined preferences and have perfect ability to draw Bayesian inferences in accordance with correct knowledge of the market model and market equilibrium. This research proposal is based on the premise that bounded rationality on the part of consumers is potentially a major source of market friction. My objective is to develop general theoretical tools to investigate this intuition, and to examine whether these tools can be insightfully applied to realistic market settings. So far, the literature on the subject has progressed as a sequence of specific models that capture one aspect of consumer psychology at a time. The challenge is to synthesize and generalize these models into flexible theoretical frameworks for modelling market interaction between profit-maximizing firms and boundedly rational consumers. Hopefully, various aspects of consumer psychology can be embedded into these frameworks, so that analytic results can be stated in terms of general, abstract properties of consumer behavior, rather than in terms of specific psychological effects. In turn, this general analysis is expected to lead to novel applications. Here are some of the general questions that I hope to address. Can we view certain aspects of firms' pricing and marketing strategies as responses to consumers' bounded rationality? To what extent are boundedly rational consumers vulnerable to exploitation by firms? Does competition protect them from exploitation? Does interaction between firms and boundedly rational consumers give rise to inefficiencies, and how are these affected by competition? What is the impact of various regulatory interventions in this context? Do market forces lead firms to ""educate"" or ""debias"" boundedly rational consumers? Does greater consumer rationality imply more competitive industry profits?"
Project acronym COOPERATION
Project Putting Strong Reciprocity into Context: The Role of Incentives, Social Norms, and Culture for Voluntary Cooperation
Researcher (PI) Simon Gaechter
Host Institution (HI) THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM
Summary Many important social problems—from the workplace to climate change—require the cooperation of individuals in situations in which collective welfare is jeopardized by self-interest and contractual solutions that align collective and individual interest are not feasible. While this suggests a bleak outcome if people are selfish, recent research in the behavioural sciences suggests that rather than being selfish, many people are non-strategic 'strong reciprocators' who cooperate if others cooperate and who punish unfair behaviour even if such cooperation or punishment is individually costly. The fundamental importance of strong reciprocity is that is helps achieving cooperation in situations in which self-interest predicts its breakdown. The major ambition and innovation of this research programme is to "put strong reciprocity into context" by investigating how incentives, social and cultural context, and gender and personality differences, shape strong reciprocity and, as a consequence, cooperation. I propose four linked work packages, which all address key open questions of interest to economists and other behavioural scientists. First, I investigate how incentives influence strong reciprocity: Under which conditions do incentives undermine or enhance strong reciprocity and thereby cooperation? Second, I investigate how strong reciprocity relates to social norms of cooperation and is shaped by social context. Third, I use cross-cultural experiments to study the role of cultural influences on strong reciprocity and how culture interacts with incentive structures: when does culture matter for cooperation? Finally, I study personality and gender differences in strong reciprocity. All projects use economic experiments and insights from across the behavioural sciences. The overarching objective is to develop a 'behavioural economics of cooperation', that is, the basic science of relevant behavioural principles that are needed to achieve sustainable cooperation.
Many important social problems—from the workplace to climate change—require the cooperation of individuals in situations in which collective welfare is jeopardized by self-interest and contractual solutions that align collective and individual interest are not feasible. While this suggests a bleak outcome if people are selfish, recent research in the behavioural sciences suggests that rather than being selfish, many people are non-strategic 'strong reciprocators' who cooperate if others cooperate and who punish unfair behaviour even if such cooperation or punishment is individually costly. The fundamental importance of strong reciprocity is that is helps achieving cooperation in situations in which self-interest predicts its breakdown. The major ambition and innovation of this research programme is to "put strong reciprocity into context" by investigating how incentives, social and cultural context, and gender and personality differences, shape strong reciprocity and, as a consequence, cooperation. I propose four linked work packages, which all address key open questions of interest to economists and other behavioural scientists. First, I investigate how incentives influence strong reciprocity: Under which conditions do incentives undermine or enhance strong reciprocity and thereby cooperation? Second, I investigate how strong reciprocity relates to social norms of cooperation and is shaped by social context. Third, I use cross-cultural experiments to study the role of cultural influences on strong reciprocity and how culture interacts with incentive structures: when does culture matter for cooperation? Finally, I study personality and gender differences in strong reciprocity. All projects use economic experiments and insights from across the behavioural sciences. The overarching objective is to develop a 'behavioural economics of cooperation', that is, the basic science of relevant behavioural principles that are needed to achieve sustainable cooperation.
Project acronym DMEA
Project The Dynamics of Migration and Economic Adjustment
Researcher (PI) Christian Dustmann
Summary The research proposed here is concerned with the dynamics of immigrant impacts and the process of economic adaptation in receiving societies. The immigration process is inherently dynamic: many new immigrants return home within a short time; and those that remain undergo a long term series of investments and behavioural changes that gradually alter the way that they interact with the economy of the receiving country. Moreover, in the longer run the presence of immigrants affects the choices of firms over new technology investments, and the choices of native workers over schooling and occupations. Thus simple static frameworks provide an incomplete and even potentially misleading perspective for understanding modern immigration patterns. The point of departure for this proposed research is the recognition that we need to reformulate the analysis of immigrant impacts in a fully dynamic framework, acknowledging the inter-temporal choices of immigrants, firms, and native workers and the ways that these three groups of agents interact over a longer horizon. Our approach involves treating immigration as a dynamic shock, where the dynamics relates to the different agents involved: immigrants, who change their position in the native skill distribution over time as a result of their life-cycle decisions; firms, who react by adjusting their technologies, product mix, and their involvement with institutions and regulatory environment; and native workers, who adjust by changing their career plans. Our work will combine highly innovative theoretical perspectives with state-of-the-art empirical analyses exploiting unique policy experiments and exceptional data sources, merging longitudinal administrative population data with data from firm and individual surveys. This agenda will enable us to construct a comprehensive picture of the adjustment process in response to immigration and open new horizons for future research on the impact of immigration in a dynamic framework.
The research proposed here is concerned with the dynamics of immigrant impacts and the process of economic adaptation in receiving societies. The immigration process is inherently dynamic: many new immigrants return home within a short time; and those that remain undergo a long term series of investments and behavioural changes that gradually alter the way that they interact with the economy of the receiving country. Moreover, in the longer run the presence of immigrants affects the choices of firms over new technology investments, and the choices of native workers over schooling and occupations. Thus simple static frameworks provide an incomplete and even potentially misleading perspective for understanding modern immigration patterns. The point of departure for this proposed research is the recognition that we need to reformulate the analysis of immigrant impacts in a fully dynamic framework, acknowledging the inter-temporal choices of immigrants, firms, and native workers and the ways that these three groups of agents interact over a longer horizon. Our approach involves treating immigration as a dynamic shock, where the dynamics relates to the different agents involved: immigrants, who change their position in the native skill distribution over time as a result of their life-cycle decisions; firms, who react by adjusting their technologies, product mix, and their involvement with institutions and regulatory environment; and native workers, who adjust by changing their career plans. Our work will combine highly innovative theoretical perspectives with state-of-the-art empirical analyses exploiting unique policy experiments and exceptional data sources, merging longitudinal administrative population data with data from firm and individual surveys. This agenda will enable us to construct a comprehensive picture of the adjustment process in response to immigration and open new horizons for future research on the impact of immigration in a dynamic framework.
Project acronym EUROEMP
Project Employment in Europe
Researcher (PI) Christoforos Pissarides
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS
Summary "The first part of this project is about employment in Europe, including the new members of the European Union. Both the level of employment and the type of jobs created will be examined. A thorough study of institutional structures and policies is proposed, with a view to arriving at conclusions about their influence on job creation and about the best policy needed to achieve national or European-level employment objectives. Job creation is investigated at the two-digit level and male and female employment, wage inequality and the role of policy will be studied in depth. The research will build on solid theoretical microfoundations taking into account the choices available to firms and workers/consumers about working at home or in the market and buying domestic or foreign goods. The project has a second part about unemployment, with special emphasis on recession. The same emphasis on institutions and policies as for employment is given to this part. A key component of the project is new theory on the evolution of institutions and policies in markets with friction, and on the impact that the policy changes that took place after the recession of the 1980s have had on the responses of European labour markets to the recent recession. Special attention will be given to the formerly planned economies and the reasons for their slow convergence to the western economies."
"The first part of this project is about employment in Europe, including the new members of the European Union. Both the level of employment and the type of jobs created will be examined. A thorough study of institutional structures and policies is proposed, with a view to arriving at conclusions about their influence on job creation and about the best policy needed to achieve national or European-level employment objectives. Job creation is investigated at the two-digit level and male and female employment, wage inequality and the role of policy will be studied in depth. The research will build on solid theoretical microfoundations taking into account the choices available to firms and workers/consumers about working at home or in the market and buying domestic or foreign goods. The project has a second part about unemployment, with special emphasis on recession. The same emphasis on institutions and policies as for employment is given to this part. A key component of the project is new theory on the evolution of institutions and policies in markets with friction, and on the impact that the policy changes that took place after the recession of the 1980s have had on the responses of European labour markets to the recent recession. Special attention will be given to the formerly planned economies and the reasons for their slow convergence to the western economies."
Project acronym FOODHABITS
Project Empirical evidence on the formation of habits, self-control and non-separabilities in food choices
Researcher (PI) Rachel GRIFFITH
Host Institution (HI) Institute for Fiscal Studies
Summary The proposed research aims to improve our understanding of individual choices over which foods to purchase. The research aims to make fundamental contributions to models of choice and preference formation, and the outputs will inform the development of policy interventions that seek to improve nutritional outcomes. Our particular interest will be to better understand: (i) the importance of the foods available at home in childhood in influencing choices that young adults make over which foods to eat, (ii) the relevance of temptation and self-control in explaining poor nutritional food choices, and the ways that advertising might influence these behaviours, and (iii) the important interactions that exist between the ways that people spend their time (for example work and physical activity) and the food choices that they make and how this determines nutritional outcomes. A proper understanding of the way that preferences are formed, and the ways that they might be influenced, is key to the design of effective public policy. The food market is a good place to study these questions for a number of reasons. First, people make decisions with high frequency and in different economic conditions, which helps provide variation needed for identification of key parameters of interest. Second, we observe the same individuals making choices both for immediate consumption and for future consumption, which will also help us with identification. Third, the food industry is of considerable policy interest. People in developed countries are getting fatter at an alarming rate. To the extent that people do not take account of the effects of this on themselves in the future and on others then they are making suboptimal decisions; they and society could potentially be made better off by policy intervention, but it is important that we have a good understanding of what impact these interventions are likely to have.
The proposed research aims to improve our understanding of individual choices over which foods to purchase. The research aims to make fundamental contributions to models of choice and preference formation, and the outputs will inform the development of policy interventions that seek to improve nutritional outcomes. Our particular interest will be to better understand: (i) the importance of the foods available at home in childhood in influencing choices that young adults make over which foods to eat, (ii) the relevance of temptation and self-control in explaining poor nutritional food choices, and the ways that advertising might influence these behaviours, and (iii) the important interactions that exist between the ways that people spend their time (for example work and physical activity) and the food choices that they make and how this determines nutritional outcomes. A proper understanding of the way that preferences are formed, and the ways that they might be influenced, is key to the design of effective public policy. The food market is a good place to study these questions for a number of reasons. First, people make decisions with high frequency and in different economic conditions, which helps provide variation needed for identification of key parameters of interest. Second, we observe the same individuals making choices both for immediate consumption and for future consumption, which will also help us with identification. Third, the food industry is of considerable policy interest. People in developed countries are getting fatter at an alarming rate. To the extent that people do not take account of the effects of this on themselves in the future and on others then they are making suboptimal decisions; they and society could potentially be made better off by policy intervention, but it is important that we have a good understanding of what impact these interventions are likely to have.
Project acronym GGTMI
Project Getting back to Growth through Technological and Managerial Innovation
Researcher (PI) John Van reenen
Summary The objective of the proposal is to examine ways to increase European growth through technological and managerial innovation. The technological innovation aspect is focused on examining the lifecycle of innovators and entrepreneurs across several advanced countries. We will examine the impact of financial constraints, tax and schooling policies on stimulating greater innovation. The second theme will examine by how much managerial practices can account for differences in the wealth of nations and how management quality can be improved, focusing on randomized control trials of business support polices. In addition to conducting our own surveys and drawing on administrative data, we will use Big Data techniques to measure management and corporate culture within firms. As a package this will constitute a ground-breaking piece of social science that will change the way we think about what drives prosperity across firms and countries. We are confident that this will lay foundations for better policies in Europe and elsewhere to help improve growth.
The objective of the proposal is to examine ways to increase European growth through technological and managerial innovation. The technological innovation aspect is focused on examining the lifecycle of innovators and entrepreneurs across several advanced countries. We will examine the impact of financial constraints, tax and schooling policies on stimulating greater innovation. The second theme will examine by how much managerial practices can account for differences in the wealth of nations and how management quality can be improved, focusing on randomized control trials of business support polices. In addition to conducting our own surveys and drawing on administrative data, we will use Big Data techniques to measure management and corporate culture within firms. As a package this will constitute a ground-breaking piece of social science that will change the way we think about what drives prosperity across firms and countries. We are confident that this will lay foundations for better policies in Europe and elsewhere to help improve growth.
Project acronym HealthcareLabour
Project Empirical evidence on the impact of the labour market on the production of healthcare and health
Researcher (PI) Carol Propper
Host Institution (HI) IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Summary What determines the quality of public services? How do shocks to the economy affect the delivery of public services? Why is there such variation in the efficiency of public service providers and how does this affect those who use their services? My aim is to make a fundamental contribution to our understanding of the labour supply behaviour of public service providers and the impact of their behaviour on the quality and distribution of critical outcomes. To achieve this I will primarily focus on the healthcare sector. The importance of the healthcare sector to social wellbeing, the existence of shocks that create 'natural' experiments, and the availability of large administrative datasets makes the healthcare market the ideal test-bed. Further, understanding how labour markets in healthcare operate is crucial for public expenditure and central because society cares about the output produced. I will adopt two broad approaches. The first is to examine the micro-foundations of behaviour for critical agents. The second is to examine the effect of policy and macro shocks to the economy on the reallocation of labour within, and between, healthcare and other sectors. In all cases my focus is on understanding labour supply responses and how these impact on the level and distribution of critical outcomes in society. The ideas are applicable to all labour markets characterised by high levels of investment in human capital and where market failures mean society cares about the outcomes. My research will contribute to the fields of labour and health economics. My research will also inform the development of policies to increase the uptake and spread of medical innovation, increase the quality of the medical labour force and improve the design of healthcare systems.
What determines the quality of public services? How do shocks to the economy affect the delivery of public services? Why is there such variation in the efficiency of public service providers and how does this affect those who use their services? My aim is to make a fundamental contribution to our understanding of the labour supply behaviour of public service providers and the impact of their behaviour on the quality and distribution of critical outcomes. To achieve this I will primarily focus on the healthcare sector. The importance of the healthcare sector to social wellbeing, the existence of shocks that create 'natural' experiments, and the availability of large administrative datasets makes the healthcare market the ideal test-bed. Further, understanding how labour markets in healthcare operate is crucial for public expenditure and central because society cares about the output produced. I will adopt two broad approaches. The first is to examine the micro-foundations of behaviour for critical agents. The second is to examine the effect of policy and macro shocks to the economy on the reallocation of labour within, and between, healthcare and other sectors. In all cases my focus is on understanding labour supply responses and how these impact on the level and distribution of critical outcomes in society. The ideas are applicable to all labour markets characterised by high levels of investment in human capital and where market failures mean society cares about the outcomes. My research will contribute to the fields of labour and health economics. My research will also inform the development of policies to increase the uptake and spread of medical innovation, increase the quality of the medical labour force and improve the design of healthcare systems.
Project acronym HKADeC
Project Human Capital Accumulation in Developing Countries: Mechanisms, Constraints and Policies
Researcher (PI) Orazio ATTANASIO
Summary We propose to study the process of human capital accumulation during the early years of life in developing countries. The research is motivated by the importance of early years to human development, both because of the long run consequences of events during that period and because of high malleability across key developmental domains during that period, making it particularly salient for policy interventions. The research is organized into three parts. First, we need to understand the process of formation of human capital, what economists refer to as the production function of human capital. Human capital is understood as a multidimensional object whose components (cognition and intelligence, socio-emotional skills, health) evolve in a complex way interacting with a variety of inputs and environmental factors. Disentangling the role played by different factors and inputs (including initial conditions, environmental shocks, parental inputs, centre based care) is important for our understanding of the process and for policy analysis. Second, we need to understand parental behaviour, as parents choose many of the investments in human capital development. Many questions are open: what are the constraints (resources, information, beliefs and attitudes) that parents face in making investment choices? Do parents make optimal choices? Do parents reinforce or compensate shocks? How are resources allocated across children of different gender and/or ability? Who makes decisions within the family? Third, measurement and the design of measurement tools is central to our research. We need to examine the performance of existing measurement tools and propose, design and validate new ones. The research, led by an economist, is interdisciplinary, using inputs from psychologists, child development specialists, geneticists, anthropologists and is organized around a unified framework, whereupon parents make choices taking into account the production function and a number of constraints
We propose to study the process of human capital accumulation during the early years of life in developing countries. The research is motivated by the importance of early years to human development, both because of the long run consequences of events during that period and because of high malleability across key developmental domains during that period, making it particularly salient for policy interventions. The research is organized into three parts. First, we need to understand the process of formation of human capital, what economists refer to as the production function of human capital. Human capital is understood as a multidimensional object whose components (cognition and intelligence, socio-emotional skills, health) evolve in a complex way interacting with a variety of inputs and environmental factors. Disentangling the role played by different factors and inputs (including initial conditions, environmental shocks, parental inputs, centre based care) is important for our understanding of the process and for policy analysis. Second, we need to understand parental behaviour, as parents choose many of the investments in human capital development. Many questions are open: what are the constraints (resources, information, beliefs and attitudes) that parents face in making investment choices? Do parents make optimal choices? Do parents reinforce or compensate shocks? How are resources allocated across children of different gender and/or ability? Who makes decisions within the family? Third, measurement and the design of measurement tools is central to our research. We need to examine the performance of existing measurement tools and propose, design and validate new ones. The research, led by an economist, is interdisciplinary, using inputs from psychologists, child development specialists, geneticists, anthropologists and is organized around a unified framework, whereupon parents make choices taking into account the production function and a number of constraints


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Israeli Papers Comment Angrily on 'Passage' Movie Lauding 6 October War
by Ahmed Moamar
Israeli Papers Comment Angrily on" Passage" Movie Lauds 6 October War
Egypt continues to celebrate the 46th anniversary of 6 October war nowadays.
The Israeli papers has been commenting angrily on "The Passage" movie which touches the war on the Egyptian side of the front lines.
"Yediot Aharonot" an Israeli newspaper published a report on the Israeli reactions to the Egyptian film named "The Passage".
The movie has raised fears within the Israeli community, increasing hatred toward Israel, the paper said.
Smadar Perri, an Israeli reporter, claimed that the film depicts Jews as vampires.
She added that the Egyptian film simulates the era after the defeat of 1967, the war of attrition, and up to the 1973 war, and depicts the Israeli army as sadistic.
Perri pointed out that the film has become the talk of the hour in the Arab world, and speaks clearly about the need to defeat the Israeli army, knowing that Israel is no longer in the literature of Egyptian cinema described as the Zionist enemy, but the Israeli enemy.
She explained that the film crew made several visits to the bases of the Egyptian commando to train on how to shoot some scenes of combat warfare.
On the other hand, Zvi Bar'el wrote in Haaretz that this year's blockbuster 'The Passage' makes evident that despite political shifts, the line of defense of the country's artists and intellectuals hasn't changed.
https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/egypt/.premium-in-egypt-nationalism-is-always-on-the-agenda-even-in-film-1.7499718
Egyptian film critics attribute the timing to the new national spirit engendered by President Abdel-Fattah El-Sissi, who in 2017 called on artists and filmmakers to bring nationalist content into their creations. "For the past seven years everything has been frozen," Sisi said while meeting journalists and military figures. "Before that, the government was involved in content and instilling values and principles into the television industry and the media … we hope once again to take the same road."
https://see.news/an-actor-who-made-egyptian-people-shed-tears/
But "The Passage" is not just a cookie-cutter production depicting Egyptian soldiers as fair, honest and patriotic and prepared to sacrifice themselves for their country. It reminds Egyptians who the real enemy is. Portraying Israeli officers and soldiers as sadists, or trigger-happy at the very least, is not new. Even in movies that dared to criticize the government or present its failures in war, the Egyptian film industry always framed the Israeli army and Israel as a wild, warmongering, land-guzzling country.
Tags: 6 October WarEgyptIsrael
Lebanon Regains Voting Rights at UN
by Nada Mustafa
The United Nations (UN) announced Monday, that Lebanon has regained its full voting rights in the general assembly after paying...
Why Does Aguila Saleh Refuse to Meet Al-Wefaq Delegation?
Breaking…Bahraini Actor Ali Al Ghurair Passes Away
Ramy Gamal to Undergo Surgery Tomorrow
Egypt Rejects Ankara Comments on Measures against Turkish Platform

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Description: Please call your parish or check the parish websites for Mass times. God bless your Lenten journey.
Description: Save the date! Please go to www.duluthcatholicmen.org for more information as it becomes available.
Please call your parish or check the parish websites for Mass times. God bless your Lenten journey.
Save the date! Please go to www.duluthcatholicmen.org for more information as it becomes available.


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Jaraguá do Sul é um município brasileiro do estado de  Santa Catarina. Localiza-se a uma latitude 26º29'09" sul e a uma longitude 49º04'01" oeste, estando a uma altitude de 30 metros. Possui uma área de 532,59 km².

Faz parte da Região Metropolitana do Norte/Nordeste Catarinense. Em 2010, Jaraguá do Sul possuía um Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) de 0,803, numa escala de 0 a 1, sendo o 1 o melhor resultado possível. Este índice coloca a cidade em 8ª posição no ranking estadual e 34ª posição no ranking nacional.

De acordo com o hino do município, as cores da bandeira significam o seguinte: o vermelho, "o povo que avança" e o verde, "a esperança".

História

Em 1864 a Princesa Isabel, filha do imperador Pedro II, casou-se com o Gastão de Orléans, Conde d'Eu. Como parte do dote constavam as terras que vieram a formar o município de Jaraguá do Sul.

O engenheiro e coronel honorário do Exército Brasileiro Emílio Carlos Jourdan, amigo do conde d'Eu e da princesa Bernarda, ficou encarregado da demarcação das terras em 1875, que se localizavam entre a margem direita do rio Itapocu e a esquerda do rio Jaraguá indo, ao Norte, até o rio Negro. No início eram 12 léguas quadradas, sendo aumentadas posteriormente para 25 léguas quadradas.

Durante o processo da demarcação, Jourdan contratou ferreiros, marceneiros, carpinteiros, pedreiros e lavradores, a maioria vindo do nordeste, para a construção do engenho e a plantação da lavoura de cana-de-açúcar.

Em 1879, O engenheiro Krohne saiu de São Bento do Sul para explorar a região, abrindo picada pelo rio Itapocu até Jaraguá. Já os colonizadores Otto Hillbrecht e sua família chegaram em 1897, cursando o rio Itapocu em canoas, seguidos por outros, no mesmo ano.

Com a República, as terras dotais voltaram a ser patrimônio da União, e em 1893 para a jurisdição dos Estados. As terras devolutas na região, à margem direita do Rio Jaraguá, passaram a ser colonizadas pelo Estado a partir de 1891, na região de Garibaldi e Alto Garibaldi com imigrantes húngaros, e nas regiões de Rio da Luz e Rio Cerro com colonizadores alemães, e neste último também com imigrantes italianos.

Durante sua história, Jaraguá pertenceu a São Francisco do Sul, Paraty (atual Araquari) e a Joinville. Somente no século passado, pelo Decreto nº 565 de 26 de março de 1934, Jaraguá foi desmembrado de Joinville, tornando-se município. Por ocasião da emancipação, o novo município denominou-se simplesmente Jaraguá, sendo seu nome alterado para Jaraguá do Sul em 31 de dezembro de 1943, pelo Decreto-Lei Estadual nº 941, por haver outro município mais antigo com o mesmo nome, localizado no estado de Goiás.

O topônimo Jaraguá é de origem tupi-guarani e significa "Senhor do Vale". É como os índios chamavam o Morro Boa Vista, um dos mais imponentes na cidade.

Para Calixto D. Borges, um dos canoeiros de Jourdan, as máquinas para o engenho Jaraguá chegaram no dia 15 de abril de 1876. Sendo esta data contestada e na impossibilidade de precisar a do real estabelecimento de Emílio Carlos Jourdan na localidade, decidiu-se por 25 de Julho de 1876 como a data de fundação de Jaraguá do Sul, dia em que também são homenageados o imigrante, o colono e o motorista.

Economia
Jaraguá do Sul é a quinta maior economia de Santa Catarina, atrás apenas de Joinville, Blumenau, Florianópolis e Itajaí, sendo o terceiro núcleo industrial do estado e sede de algumas das maiores empresas do Brasil nos setores metal-mecânico e de confecções. É conhecida como "Capital Nacional da Malha". Destacam-se também empresas do ramo de tecnologia e prestação de serviços.

Indústria
Sendo colonizada pelas etnias húngara, polonesa, Italiana e alemã que anualmente faz a Schützenfest (Festa dos Atiradores) - , Jaraguá foi a cidade que mais cresceu economicamente nos últimos 3 anos em Santa Catarina.

Dentre as indústrias sediadas em Jaraguá do Sul podem-se citar a WEG, no ramo de estruturas metálicas, a empresa Metalúrgica TS, no setor de confecções Marisol, Malwee, Nanete, Elian, Lecimar (Malharia), Metalúrgica Menegotti, CSM (Equipamento pra construção), Duas Rodas, Chocoleite, Arroz Urbano e Bretzke (Alimentos), Argi, HC Hornburg, Riegel (Carroçarias Rodoviárias), Trapp (Equipamentos para jardinagem), Sol Paragliders, Santa Clara (Acrílicos), Estofados Jardim, Bell'Arte, Feeling (Estofados), Orbhes (colchões), Tritec, Fortiplás (Plásticos), Wolf (Borrachas), Marcatto (Chapéus), Eletrogasmaq (peças pra linha branca), Indumak, Raumak (Tecnologia), Zanotti (Elásticos), Metalnox (Tecnologias e soluções inovadoras para a indústria têxtil e de Foto Produtos). Fato curioso que todas essas indústrias são de origem familiar, e que com o tempo se tornaram grandes complexos industriais.

Geografia
Situado na latitude 26º 29' 10'' sul e na longitude 49º 04' 00'' oeste, possuía uma população estimada em  habitantes, conforme dados do IBGE de 2020. Faz divisa com Campo Alegre, São Bento do Sul ao norte; Blumenau, Massaranduba, Pomerode e Rio dos Cedros ao sul; Guaramirim,  Joinville e Schroeder ao leste e com Corupá ao oeste. O rio Itapocu é o principal rio, atravessando toda cidade, e tendo como principais afluentes os rios Jaraguá e Itapocuzinho.

Clima

O clima da cidade é considerado subtropical, com temperatura média anual ao redor de 21 °C. No verão as temperaturas frequentemente ultrapassam os 35 °C. O inverno é relativamente frio para os padrões brasileiros, com uma média das temperaturas mínimas ao redor de 12 °C nos meses de junho e julho. Geadas ocorrem praticamente em todos os invernos, mas não necessariamente em todos os bairros: Chico de Paulo, Barra do Rio Cerro, Rio Cerro I, Rio Cerro II, Rio da Luz, Garibaldi, Nereu Ramos, Santa Luzia, Três Rios, Jaraguá 84 e Jaraguá 99 registram geadas em, praticamente, todos os invernos. Vila Nova, Rio Molha, Czerniewicz, Amizade, Chico de Paulo e os demais bairros com uma certa frequência. Centro, Nova Brasília, Vila Lenzi, São Luiz, Tifa Martins, Centenário, raramente registram geadas. Temperaturas negativas são raras, a última registrada foi de -0,9 °C em 24 de julho de 2013, já a temperatura mais baixa ocorreu em 19 de julho de 1975, quando os termômetros ficaram abaixo de -2 °C. O mês mais chuvoso é janeiro, com média de 246 mm, e o menos chuvoso é agosto, com média de 93 mm. A pluviosidade média anual é de 1836 mm.

Demografia
Evolução demográfica

Religião
A população em Jaraguá do Sul é bastante religiosa. O venerável Aloísio Sebastião Boeing foi sacerdote no município.

Meio ambiente
No município fica a sede da ONGs ambientalistas Instituto Rã-bugio para Conservação da Biodiversidade, que atua na área de educação ambiental e criou o Centro Interpretativo da Mata Atlântica (CIMA).

O CIMA foi implantado numa área preservada de 40,6 hectares de Mata Atlântica no bairro Barra do Rio Cerro que dispõe de uma trilha interpretativa de 1.150 metros de extensão. É usado para as atividades de educação ambiental das escolas de Jaraguá do Sul e região. É uma espécie de sala de aula ao ar livre. O Plano Diretor do Município prevê a transformação desta área preservada em Unidade de Conservação da natureza, na categoria de Parque Natural, que é de proteção integral.

No CIMA os estudantes aprendem sobre a biodiversidade local e sobre os serviços ambientais da Mata Atlântica, como a conservação dos recursos hídricos (rios e nascentes) e o armazenamento de carbono que fica estocado nas árvores e seria liberado para a atmosfera em caso de desmatamento, o que agrava o problema do aquecimento global

Há outras ONGs em Jaraguá do Sul que se propõem a defender o meio ambiente, como a Associação pela Defesa Ambiental de Jaraguá do Sul (ADEAJS).

Estrutura

Transporte

Transporte Coletivo Municipal
Possui sistema de transporte municipal (não integrado), com terminal no Centro (antiga Rodoviária), operado pela Viação Canarinho Ltda..

Transporte Coletivo Intermunicipal
A cidade possui Terminal Rodoviário. As empresas que operam atualmente são: Auto Viação Catarinense Ltda., Reunidas S.A. Transportes Coletivos, Empresa União de Transportes Ltda., Viação Nossa Senhora dos Navegantes Ltda., Empresa União Cascavel de Transporte e Turismo Ltda. – Eucatur, Viação Itapemirim S.A., Brasil Sul Linhas Rodoviárias Ltda., Expresso São Bento Ltda., Auto Viação Venâncio Aires Ltda. – Viasul, Empresa de Ônibus Nossa Senhora da Penha S.A., Viação Canarinho Ltda..

Cultura e esporte

Casa Friedel
Casa Friedel é uma edificação histórica construída com a técnica germânica do enxaimel, que consiste em paredes montadas com hastes de madeira encaixadas entre si.

Bíblioteca Pública Municipal Rui Barbosa

Schützenfest

A Schützenfest ou, Festa dos Atiradores é uma festa que acontece no mês de novembro em Jaraguá do Sul. Ela faz parte das populares festas que acontecem nesse mês em todo o Estado de Santa Catarina e acontece devido a colonização germânica na cidade. Sendo considerada a maior festa de Atiradores do Brasil. Sempre reúne vários turistas do Brasil e do exterior.

Femusc
Anualmente a cidade sedia o Femusc – Festival de Música de Santa Catarina –, evento que recebe diversos estudantes de vários países. O evento também promove apresentações musicais durante todos os dias do festival, e acontece nas dependências da Scar – Sociedade Cultura Artística.

Arena Jaraguá
A Arena Jaraguá foi inaugurada em 2007 e possui 20.640 m² de área construída.
Além de receber eventos esportivos, a Arena Jaraguá também é utilizada para diversos outros tipos de eventos, como shows, feiras, e jogos de Futsal.

No dia 18 de maio de 2013, recebeu o segundo evento brasileiro de 2013 do UFC.

Bairros
O bairro mais populoso de Jaraguá do Sul é o bairro Ilha da Figueira, que tinha em 2014, 10.094 habitantes, segundo o Instituto Jourdan de Planejamento. Esse bairro é o mais populoso há cerca de 10 anos.

O perímetro urbano do município está dividido em 37 bairros e um núcleo urbano isolado, Santa Luzia.

Lista de prefeitos

Ver também
Lista de municípios de Santa Catarina por data de criação
Lista de municípios de Santa Catarina por população
Lista de municípios do Brasil acima de cem mil habitantes

Ligações externas

Página da Prefeitura
Página da câmara

Fundações no Brasil em 1876

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Researchers are interested in understanding the places where people with disabilities live, work, and socialize. We are examining how various aspects of the environment (like accessibility or barriers to community places such as grocery stores or doctor's offices) influence community participation following a spinal cord injury (SCI).
Through this study, researchers would like to gain a better understanding of how the places people live shape community integration and participation for those with an SCI.
Researchers will map community activity and receive feedback from participants about environmental barriers through the use of a Smartphone. A pre-programmed Smartphone will be lent to participants by the study researchers for use during the 7 day data collection period.
Participation in the study lasts 4-7 weeks.
Community-living, with at least moderate participation in the community.
18 to 55 years old.
Living with a traumatic SCI for at least five years.
Familiar with the use of a Smartphone.


The Freedom Fighter's Journal: THE DUTCH TO BAN ISLAM!
THE DUTCH TO BAN ISLAM!
THE front-runner to become the next Dutch Prime Minister has vowed to ban the Koran and to close all mosques in the country. By TOM PARFITT Geert Wilders, leader of the Dutch Freedom Party (PVV), called for the total de-Islamification in a controversial manifesto posted online.


text:
Toyota Prius Prime Tax Credit Eligibility
The Toyota Prius Prime is not eligible for federal tax credits, as it does not meet the requirements of the Inflation Reduction Act of August 2022.
Written by Amber Reed
Reviewed by Brittni Brinn
Is the Toyota Prius Prime still eligible for a federal tax credit?
What you need to know about the new federal EV tax credit requirements
Is the Toyota Prius Prime still worth buying?
Options to buy instead of a Toyota Prius Prime
The Toyota Prius Prime plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is not eligible for a federal tax credit, as its final assembly doesn't take place in North America.
On August 16, 2022, the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act meant that more electric and hybrid vehicles would be once again eligible for a federal tax credit. While this is good news overall, new eligibility requirements mean that a lot of vehicles no longer meet the criteria for the tax credit—and one of those vehicles is the Toyota Prius Prime.
But does the fact that you can't get a tax credit mean that you should consider another option when you're shopping for a hybrid vehicle? Let's take a look at what these new requirements are, what they mean to you, and some other alternatives to consider if you're in the market for an
all-electric
or hybrid vehicle.
How to lower your Toyota Prius Prime insurance cost
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Unfortunately, no—as of August 16, 2022, the Toyota Prius Prime is no longer eligible for federal tax credits.
But wait…it used to be eligible. What happened? If you're confused, you're not alone—let's take a minute and shed some light on this before we continue!
Here's the deal: in 2010, a tax credit was implemented at the federal level that allowed for a credit of up to $7,500 for the purchase of certain new models of EVs and hybrids. At that time, there was a cap of 200,000 vehicles per manufacturer that would get the credit.
and General Motors were the first ones to hit this mark, meaning from that point on, their vehicles were no longer eligible for the tax credit. Toyota reached the 200,000 vehicle limit in June of 2022 and began to implement the phase-out period for their tax credits.
But then, the Inflation Reduction Act was signed in August of 2022. Although it did away with the 200,000 vehicle limit, it also implemented some new eligibility requirements. One of these was the stipulation that in order to get the tax credit, final assembly of the vehicle must take place in North America.
Well, guess whose final assembly takes place in Japan? The Toyota Prius Prime. This means no federal tax credit for folks who purchase one—and this also applies to the
Toyota RAV 4 Prime
and the new all-electric Toyota bZ4X.
But that's not the only new eligibility requirement that the Inflation Reduction Act introduced. While the Act's passage meant that a lot more people could get the tax credit again, it also made some people and vehicles ineligible. Besides having its final assembly take place in North America, read on to see the other boxes that have to be checked before that sweet tax credit can be yours.
To start with, there are some basic income requirements. If you file your taxes as a single person, you can only qualify if you have an annual income of $150,000 or less. If you file jointly with a spouse or partner, the cap is $300,000 annually.
Starting in 2023, there are also eligibility criteria based on the price of the vehicle itself. Sedans and coupes need to be priced under $55,000 to qualify, while trucks, vans, and SUVs need to be priced under the $80,000 mark. If you're
buying a used EV or hybrid
, the price cap is set at $25,000—no matter what kind of vehicle it is.
The last requirement is the one that has some automakers in a bit of a sweat, and it's also the reason that you might hear some vague language as to whether a vehicle will be eligible for a tax credit in 2023. In order to be eligible, the battery in an EV or hybrid must have a certain percentage of its battery material sourced either from North America or a free-trade partner of the US. But that's not all—the batteries must be manufactured and assembled in North America.
Currently, none of the EVs on the market meet this last requirement. Automakers are scrambling and there are some assertively optimistic claims being made, but it remains to be seen just how many vehicles will actually be eligible for the tax credit in 2023. So if you see some language that says a vehicle might be eligible for a tax credit in 2023, this stipulation is the reason why.
Other electric vehicle incentives
But here's the rest of the story: there are still plenty of incentives and good reasons to consider buying an EV or hybrid. Many states offer very generous incentives, and some local city and county governments do as well.
California's electric vehicle incentives
are quite generous, as are Oregon's and Colorado's. Check out the
electric vehicle rebates
available in your state, as there are plenty of perks to be had. And honestly, purchasing a vehicle that is friendlier to the environment is a reward in and of itself!
Toyota Prius vs. Toyota Prius Prime
So, now that we know all of this, is the Toyota Prius Prime still worth buying? If you like it, sure! Here's the thing—as a PHEV, the Toyota Prius Prime has some strong points, but it isn't the strongest competitor overall.
The 2022 Toyota Prius Prime is available in three trim levels and has an MSRP between $29,865 and $35,645. The 2022 model earned a mere 5.5/10 from Car and Driver, and a 7.2/10 from Edmunds—the issues were primarily an extremely bland driving experience and a low EV-only range of 25 miles. The sole powertrain option is a four-cylinder engine combined with a single electric motor, which yields a meek 121 horsepower.
But on the other hand, the overall fuel economy is an outstanding 133 MPGe and the
are tough to beat. Is the 2022 Toyota Prius Prime for you? It really depends on your tastes and priorities.
All of that being said, the 2023 Toyota Prius Prime looks to be an altogether different creature. No official pricing info has been released, but it's estimated that it will start in the $32,000 and $38,000 range for its three trim levels. The 2023 model year is bringing a whole new redesign, as well as boosting the available horsepower to a more robust 220 ponies.
Toyota claims that the EV-only range is improved as well, with a new range of just under 40 miles. The exterior has a sleek, almost sporty sheet metal look to it. The top trim level offers solar panels on the roof that can charge the battery when it's parked, or accessory features like the A/C when you're driving.
No official reviews are available yet, but the newly redesigned Prius Prime has definitely piqued some interest. If you're a hardcore Prius devotee, either model year is an efficient, economical choice. But if you want some more pep and pizzazz with your Prius Prime, then you'll want to wait to test drive a 2023.
Is the Toyota RAV4 Prime plug-in hybrid a good car?
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The other bit of good news is that there are plenty of other options to choose from. The Prius may have started the hybrid and EV demographic party, but the guest list has been expanded significantly. Let's take a quick look at some other hybrid and EV options for folks looking to go green!
Get that tax credit: 2023 Ford Escape PHEV
Possible tax credit: $7,500
Ford seems pretty confident about its ability to meet the new requirements of the federal tax credits in 2023. If they do, then the
is a viable option for those who want the maximum rebate. This compact crossover has an abundance of standard safety features, a handsome exterior, and gets 37 miles of EV-only driving.
Is the 2022 Ford Escape plug-in hybrid a good car?
All electric, all the time: 2023 Volkswagen ID.4
The all-electric
earned an 8.5/10 from Car and Driver for the 2023 model year. Depending on the trim level, you can get 208 to 275 miles on a single charge. It's available in front- or all-wheel drive and has an output of 201 to 295 horsepower.
It may not be the most exciting EV out there, but the ID.4 offers a spacious interior, lots of storage, and the ability to drive right past the exit with all the gas stations.
Hey, big spender: 2023 Porsche Cayenne Hybrid
Who cares about a rebate, you say? Won't tolerate a poky driving experience just because you want a hybrid, you say? Meet the
Hybrid.
Is it out of most people's budgets? Yes. But if you want major luxury, pulse-pounding performance, and a hybrid engine, this 455-horsepower beauty is a serious contender.
How to choose an eco-friendly car
Charge ahead: EVs are the future
No matter what new vehicles are released or legislation is passed, electric and hybrid vehicles are here to stay! With a wide variety of vehicles and price points to choose from, there's sure to be an EV that fits everyone's budget and lifestyle. And remember—even the most modern EV out there still needs good old-fashioned
coverage.
"My policy covers two people and four cars: a truck, SUV, convertible, and muscle car.
helped me go from paying $308 a month to $125 a month with the same coverage. I'm loving the savings." —Jocelyn A.
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Amber Reed
Amber Reed is an insurance writer based in Portland, Oregon. Previous versions of her include vet tech, research assistant, and venomous lizard wrangler. In her spare time, she reads, strolls in the forest, and dotes excessively on an elderly labrador. Her dream car is a 1965 Aston Martin DB5.
Editorial Note: The content of this article is based on the author's opinions and recommendations alone. It has not been previewed, commissioned or otherwise endorsed by any of our network partners.
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'The Amesbury Abbey Aces' scheme; is a company-wide initiative to reward our fantastic staff here at The Amesbury Abbey Group, which we very much hope you will be interested to learn about and participate in.
The scheme was put in place to encourage and recognise excellence in the workplace, not only from those within the care team but from all departments; including housekeeping, catering, administration, gardening and maintenance.
The Aces scheme officially launched in June 2015 and has been a huge success. Nominations are always well received and may be submitted by staff, residents, resident's relatives and/or members of private companies/public bodies with whom the Group has regular dealings.
If you would like to nominate a member of the team at either Amesbury Abbey, Sutton Manor or Winton House, we have provided an online copy of the nomination form for you to use. Simply download, complete and email to David Cornelius-Reid at the address provided on the nomination form.
A monthly winner from each location will be selected to each receive thank you gift vouchers and one will go on to win the overall title and a well deserved, complimentary day off!
We really hope you will become an active participant within The Aces scheme and contribute to its continued success.
This month's winner of the prize for Amesbury Abbey is Health Care Assistant, Rachel Jones.
This month's winner of the prize for Sutton Manor is Health Care Assistant, Katrina Moore.
Many congratulations go to Health Care Assistant, Sarah Shor, this month's winner at Winton House and overall Amesbury Abbey Ace.


text:
Q: Проверка наличия ключа в Бд Firebase Делаю проверку таким образом
If(reference.child(userId).getKey() == null){
   //...
}

В итоге получаю False, но такого ключа у меня нет. Я уже понял что делаю что то не верно, прошу наставить на верный путь.
Мне нужно узнать существует такой ключ в моей БД или нет

A: Нужно использовать другой метод
 referens.addListenerForSingleValueEvent(new ValueEventListener() {
        @Override
        public void onDataChange(DataSnapshot snapshot) {
            if (snapshot.child(userId).exists()) {
                // run some code
            }else{

            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onCancelled(DatabaseError databaseError) {

        }
    });

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
For other uses, see Hillel (disambiguation).
Hillel is both a given name and surname. Notable people with the name include:
Hillel, the father of Abdon, a minor character in the Book of Judges
Hillel the Elder (110 BC – 10 AD), one of the most important religious leaders in Jewish history
Hillel, son of Gamaliel III, a Jewish scholar in the 3rd century AD
Hillel II, nasi of the ancient Jewish Sanhedrin between 320 and 385 AD
Hillel ben Eliakim, 11th and 12th century Greek rabbi and Talmud scholar
Hillel ben Samuel (c. 1220–1295), Italian physician, philosopher, and Talmudist
Hillel ben Naphtali Zevi (1615–1690), Lithuanian rabbi
Yehoshua Bar-Hillel (1915–1975), Israeli philosopher, mathematician, and linguist
Shlomo Hillel (born 1923), Iraqi-born Israeli diplomat and politician
Hillel Slovak (1962–1988), Israeli-American guitarist and founding member of the Red Hot Chili Peppers
Rabbi Hillel Haber of Brooklyn, NY. Head of Yeshivat Shaare Torah a prominent Orthodox Jewish school following the Syrian traditions of Allepo. Rabbi Haber also has multiple grandchildren named after him. Most prominently Hillel Sultan. Alumnus of Talmudical Yeshiva of Philadelphia and Rabbi Meshulam Dovid Solovietchik of Jerusalem.
Hillel Schwartz, Egyptian Jewish founder of the Iskra party
Hillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life (aka, Hillel International), the world's largest Jewish campus organization
This page or section lists people that share the same given name or the same family name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article.
Retrieved from "https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Hillel&oldid=113433"
All set index articles
Jewish masculine given names
This page was last modified on 25 June 2015, at 19:01.


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How Much Does it Cost to Get Rid of Fleas?
You love your pets, but you certainly don't love when they bring fleas into the home. Fleas are among the most common household pests, with more than 2,000 species. Once the tiny bugs invade your home, they are extremely difficult to get rid of without hiring a professional exterminator.
Fleas are small, wingless parasites that survive by attaching themselves to a host that provides nutrients. Most of the time, your cat or dog is the host. But if separated from animal hosts or unable to get enough food, fleas will bite humans, leaving the skin itchy and uncomfortable.
The most common flea in North America is called the cat flea, but don't be fooled by the name - it attaches to cats and dogs. Like other types of fleas, cat fleas have a tough time surviving cold weather winters if they're outdoors, but they can survive and multiply in the warmth of your home.
If your pet is scratching more than normal, that is often the first sign of fleas. Even if you've used flea prevention products, it is possible the animal has been infested. Do a physical inspection of your animal's skin to look for fleas. If you're still unsure, take the animal to the veterinarian for a checkup.
The price of flea extermination varies based on the severity of the problem, the company and your geographic location. Generally, expect to spend anywhere from $150 to $350 per residential treatment.
If the problem is really pervasive, you might have to spend more. If the fleas are burrowed behind walls or floorboards, for example, it will cost extra for the exterminator to get to those areas. Repairing the walls and floorboards after the treatment will also add to the cost. Or, if rodents or other pests are responsible for the fleas, you'll have to pay to get rid of those, too.
Subsequent visits, if necessary, will cost extra. But, in most cases, they are not as expensive as the initial treatment.
Do You Have a Flea Problem Near You?


I post a simple bar guide here On you'll find a broad variety of nightlife options. Or maybe you find yourself slow rolling through speed bumps at your nearest nursing home. Harassment is absolutely not tolerated in. The bar also features a great happy hour, and that makes it easier to get some drinks — and buy drinks for women that might happen to sit down near you. Repeat offenders will be banned. Put away your credit card, you'll never pay a cent to use this site.
The Hot Spots for Attractive Cougars in Florida These are some of our favorite places: Trader Joes Offers More Than Groceries Cougars in Florida are being picked up at grocery stores all the time. Some of the nicer hotel bars and pools-but good luck getting in like Delano and Shore Club will have women of all ages, and I'm sure a few cougars! Plus, he says cubs are still the pursuers. There are also a large number of events found throughout the year, which means you gain a greater chance of meeting someone. Where are the best places in Miami to pick up cubs? I really don't mind the divorce type, so yeah, you can give me the names of those clubs. With my schedule being so busy I thought this would be perfect.
So get some drinks, cozy up to an intriguing older woman, and who knows where the night may lead? Your opinion would be valuable. Notwithstanding the jokes, Gosse says it is vital for women over 40 to look for younger men. The busiest times are Sunday brunch, Friday and Saturday nights, and of course Happy Hour. Try bars in Downtown Coral Gables. And it's undoubtedly one of the swankier places to spot bad moms.
Also, just be aware that the girls you'll find at most bars in Miami not in Miami Beach like Blue Martini, for example will be almost exclusively Hispanic. You have successfully signed up for your selected newsletter s - please keep an eye on your mailbox, we're movin' in! How many guys have you met on the site? It might be worth it to get the ticket that grants admission for the whole weekend in order to increase odds even further. The place can get crowded and loud, but patrons are friendly and fun. Sure, Monty's is a little tacky, but bad moms have been partying here since before they were moms. With continuous special events and something happening every night, The Pearl is enjoyable for people who like to stay active.
Depending on when you show up, you can find cougars kicking back after work or hitting the dance floor. And possibly the Florida room. But I have met about five guys that I have had an ongoing relationship with. The restaurant is open from 5 to 11 p. I know there are younger guys that are looking to date older women that are financially stable.
Use the wait to introduce yourself to a nearby cougar and get a little flirty. But don't expect any swim suit competition or embarrassing takes on current events on education remember , or any talent competition for that matter. Meet thousands of single Cougars in Miami with Mingle2's free personal ads and chat rooms. Good luck, but you're going to eventually want to find a girl your own age. She can take me out. By: Karie Lapham Fay Florida is a refreshing playground.
Cougarlife has made over 9 million connections, those are some big numbers. I don't really have time to be a destination expert, but if you have questions about France, Italy or Greece, in which I have travelled extensively, by all means do ask. Other than the huge number of cougars, Bar Louie is a pretty standard bar. After all, isn't South Beach the Serengeti of hot momma world? What made you want to party for your birthday in Miami? If you two start having stronger feelings for each other a negative about a young guy is that he starts falling in love with you and wants to have a family. It just made sense to have a cougar convention in the Magic City.
Check out Prato, one of our favorite cougar bars in Orlando, to meet some beautiful and stylish older ladies. And finally young men are not afraid to admit it. This is a favorite among local older women for its world-class patio and lovely views. As you can see, Cougar Life is the best site out there for cougar dating and has been for a while. However, you might just meet a lady on a girls' night out with a few of her friends! I simply can't compete with Armani guys driving mercez benz, so I am asking for your help here, since I'm not much of a club guy.
Good luck, but you're going to eventually want to find a girl your own age. If you are staying mid-Beach, find LeCote at the and the happy hour deals at Carrabas. The best time to go is on a Saturday between noon and 2, though you are also likely to see a lot of activity when you go after work during the week. I did date a guy for a few months who started talking about children. I would say that another guy was very cocky, the younger guys get nervous and intimidated by older women. This reduces the need to read through hundreds of profiles before finding someone who is of interest. Try out some of our favorite spots below and get started.


The Foundation and the St Marcellin Champagnat Trust.
Marcellin College Foundation Limited ACN is 604 346 465. It was incorporated on 20 February 2015. The Company is limited by Guarantee.
The Company is the trustee of St Marcellin Champagnat Bursary Fund. The ABN of the fund is 74 857 223 526. This Fund is a Registered Charity and has been endorsed by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) for tax concession status on Income Tax and GST and as a deductible gift recipient.
All donations to the Fund are tax deductible.
Under the terms of the Trust, bursaries can be applied either to the eligible applicants who reside within the area or on the basis of merit or by reason of equity.
(ii) To enlist the support, including financial support, of past students, parents of students, friends of the College and the public, to raise funds by donation, or otherwise for payment to the Funds.
(iii) Generally to support and assist the College.


text:
Q: acro package - key 'acro/first-long-format' missing I try to use the option first-long-format of the acro-package. However, it fails to compile when this option is enabled.
Here the hopefully correct MWE:
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{acro}
\acsetup{first-long-format = \itshape}

\begin{document}
Test.
\end{document}

The logfile:
This is LuaHBTeX, Version 1.15.0 (TeX Live 2022)  (format=lualatex 2022.5.29)  10 JUN 2022 17:56
 restricted system commands enabled.
**acro.tex
(./acro.tex
LaTeX2e <2021-11-15> patch level 1
Lua module: luaotfload 2022-03-18 3.21 Lua based OpenType font support
Lua module: lualibs 2021-05-20 2.74 ConTeXt Lua standard libraries.
Lua module: lualibs-extended 2021-05-20 2.74 ConTeXt Lua libraries -- extended c
ollection.
luaotfload | conf : Root cache directory is "/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-var/l
uatex-cache/generic/names".
luaotfload | init : Loading fontloader "fontloader-2022-02-24.lua" from kpse-res
olved path "/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/luatex/luaotfload/fontloader-
2022-02-24.lua".
Lua-only attribute luaotfload@noligature = 1
luaotfload | init : Context OpenType loader version 3.119
Inserting `luaotfload.node_processor' at position 1 in `pre_linebreak_filter'.
Inserting `luaotfload.node_processor' at position 1 in `hpack_filter'.
Inserting `luaotfload.glyph_stream' at position 1 in `glyph_stream_provider'.
Inserting `luaotfload.define_font' at position 1 in `define_font'.
Lua-only attribute luaotfload_color_attribute = 2
luaotfload | conf : Root cache directory is "/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-var/l
uatex-cache/generic/names".
Inserting `luaotfload.harf.strip_prefix' at position 1 in `find_opentype_file'.
Inserting `luaotfload.harf.strip_prefix' at position 1 in `find_truetype_file'.
Removing  `luaotfload.glyph_stream' from `glyph_stream_provider'.
Inserting `luaotfload.harf.glyphstream' at position 1 in `glyph_stream_provider'
.
Inserting `luaotfload.harf.finalize_vlist' at position 1 in `post_linebreak_filt
er'.
Inserting `luaotfload.harf.finalize_hlist' at position 2 in `hpack_filter'.
Inserting `luaotfload.cleanup_files' at position 1 in `wrapup_run'.
Inserting `luaotfload.harf.finalize_unicode' at position 1 in `finish_pdffile'.
Inserting `luaotfload.glyphinfo' at position 1 in `glyph_info'.
Lua-only attribute luaotfload.letterspace_done = 3
Inserting `luaotfload.aux.set_sscale_dimens' at position 1 in `luaotfload.patch_
font'.
Inserting `luaotfload.aux.set_font_index' at position 2 in `luaotfload.patch_fon
t'.
Inserting `luaotfload.aux.patch_cambria_domh' at position 3 in `luaotfload.patch
_font'.
Inserting `luaotfload.aux.fixup_fontdata' at position 1 in `luaotfload.patch_fon
t_unsafe'.
Inserting `luaotfload.aux.set_capheight' at position 4 in `luaotfload.patch_font
'.
Inserting `luaotfload.aux.set_xheight' at position 5 in `luaotfload.patch_font'.
Inserting `luaotfload.rewrite_fontname' at position 6 in `luaotfload.patch_font'
. L3 programming layer <2022-05-04>
Inserting `tracingstacklevels' at position 1 in `input_level_string'.
(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/standalone/standalone.cls
Document Class: standalone 2018/03/26 v1.3a Class to compile TeX sub-files stan
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Package: shellesc 2019/11/08 v1.0c unified shell escape interface for LaTeX
Package shellesc Info: Restricted shell escape enabled on input line 77.
)
(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/generic/iftex/ifluatex.sty
Package: ifluatex 2019/10/25 v1.5 ifluatex legacy package. Use iftex instead.

(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/generic/iftex/iftex.sty
Package: iftex 2022/02/03 v1.0f TeX engine tests
))
(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/xkeyval/xkeyval.sty
Package: xkeyval 2020/11/20 v2.8 package option processing (HA)

(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/generic/xkeyval/xkeyval.tex
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\XKV@toks=\toks16
\XKV@tempa@toks=\toks17

(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/generic/xkeyval/keyval.tex))
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File: xkeyval.tex 2014/12/03 v2.7a key=value parser (HA)
))
\sa@internal=\count184
\c@sapage=\count185

(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/standalone/standalone.cfg
File: standalone.cfg 2018/03/26 v1.3a Default configuration file for 'standalon
e' class
)
(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
Document Class: article 2021/10/04 v1.4n Standard LaTeX document class
(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
File: size10.clo 2021/10/04 v1.4n Standard LaTeX file (size option)
luaotfload | db : Font names database loaded from /usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-
var/luatex-cache/generic/names/luaotfload-names.luc.gz)
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)
(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/generic/luatex85/luatex85.sty
Package: luatex85 2016/06/15 v1.4 pdftex aliases for luatex
)
(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pdftexcmds/pdftexcmds.sty
Package: pdftexcmds 2020-06-27 v0.33 Utility functions of pdfTeX for LuaTeX (HO
)

(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/generic/infwarerr/infwarerr.sty
Package: infwarerr 2019/12/03 v1.5 Providing info/warning/error messages (HO)
)
(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/generic/ltxcmds/ltxcmds.sty
Package: ltxcmds 2020-05-10 v1.25 LaTeX kernel commands for general use (HO)
)
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\sa@box=\box50
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(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/acro/acro.sty
(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3packages/l3keys2e/l3keys2e.sty
(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/expl3.sty
Package: expl3 2022-05-04 L3 programming layer (loader)

(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3backend/l3backend-luatex.def
File: l3backend-luatex.def 2022-04-20 L3 backend support: PDF output (LuaTeX)
\l__color_backend_stack_int=\count194
\l__pdf_internal_box=\box51
))
Package: l3keys2e 2022-01-12 LaTeX2e option processing using LaTeX3 keys
)
Package: acro 2022/04/01 v3.8 typeset acronyms and other abbreviations (CN)
\l__acro_tmpa_int=\count195
\l__acro_tmpb_int=\count196
\l__acro_tmpc_int=\count197
\l__acro_tmpd_int=\count198
Loading module `base' ...
Loading module `interface' ...
Loading module `aux' ...
Loading module `properties' ...
Loading module `acronyms' ...
Loading module `formatting' ...
Loading module `ppfixes' ...
Loading module `tools' ...
\l__acro_minimal_usage_int=\count199
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Loading module `commands' ...
\l_acro_nest_level_int=\count269
Loading module `templates' ...
Loading module `list' ...
Loading module `pages' ...
\l__acro_pages_seq_threshold_int=\count270
Loading module `locale' ...
(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/translations/translations.sty
Package: translations 2022/02/05 v1.12 internationalization of LaTeX2e packages
 (CN)

(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/etoolbox/etoolbox.sty
Package: etoolbox 2020/10/05 v2.5k e-TeX tools for LaTeX (JAW)
\etb@tempcnta=\count271
))
Loading module `pdfsupport' ...
Loading module `patch' ...
Loading module `definitions' ...
Loading module `upgrade' ...
)

! LaTeX3 Error: The key 'acro/first-long-format' is unknown and is being
(LaTeX3)        ignored.

For immediate help type H <return>.
 ...

l.4 \acsetup{first-long-format = \itshape}

?
! Emergency stop.
 ...

l.4 \acsetup{first-long-format = \itshape}

The module 'acro' does not have a key called 'acro/first-long-format'.
Check that you have spelled the key name correctly.

Here is how much of LuaTeX's memory you used:
 5160 strings out of 477742
 100000,460012 words of node,token memory allocated 375 words of node memory still in use:
   2 hlist, 1 rule, 1 dir, 3 kern, 1 glyph, 3 attribute, 48 glue_spec, 3 attribu
te_list, 1 write nodes
   avail lists: 2:16,3:2,4:1,5:1,7:2,9:3
 25853 multiletter control sequences out of 65536+600000
 15 fonts using 723367 bytes
 72i,0n,73p,199b,44s stack positions out of 10000i,1000n,20000p,200000b,200000s
!  ==> Fatal error occurred, no output PDF file produced!

Could you point me to my mistake? I am puzzled actually.
Thank you.


text:
Q: Asynchronous task from Java servlet I need to perform an asynchronous task when a RESTful web service endpoint is called. Effectively, the endpoint is asked to perform a body of work with a POST operation. It should immediately return a 200 OK to the caller, spawn a thread and perform it's resource intensive task. On completion, the thread would then POST to a corresponding endpoint on the caller (another REST server) indicating success (passing a token that represents the initial transaction request).
What are the best practice approaches for performing asynchronous actions inside a servlet that I should be aware of?

A: Servlet 3.0 has support for asynchronous operations. Tomcat 7.0 is already stable, so you can get it and try the new features.
If you don't need to output data continously, but to simply start a background process, then you can use any asynchronous mechanism available:

*

*Executors framework

*new Thread(new Runnable())

*@Async (spring/ejb)

A: Aside from the complexities of async coding in Java, another "best practice" in RESTful web services is to use HTTP status codes to describe your server's response as accurately as possible.  Unless you have a compelling reason to stick with 200 (ie a client which you can't change expects this), you should return HTTP 202:

202 Accepted
The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed.

A: The only advice for your scenario would be to use thread pool rather than creating a new thread per request. In Java it is very easy, just create pool once during application startup (look at Executors class) and submit new tasks to it each time you need to perform some asynchronous operation. For your scenario this tasks will perform resource intensive operations and second REST call from within a different thread, long after the original request was served with 200.

A: In a Java EE container, the recommended way is to use the WorkManager API (JSR-237). Check this article for an overview.

A J2EE container can serve multiple
  users at the same time (in parallel)
  by managing a pool of threads, but for
  various reasons opening independent
  threads within a single J2EE container
  is not recommended. Some containers'
  security managers will not allow user
  programs to open threads. Moreover, if
  some containers allowed opening
  threads, then they would not manage
  those threads and therefore no
  container-managed services would be
  available for the threads.


text:
Elucidate
Elucidate sentence example
He gave himself out as an angel sent from God to elucidate the prophecies.
More important still is the application of Semitic study to elucidate the Gospels.
Blunt and C. Huber have done much to elucidate the main physical features of the country.
He did not elucidate what was meant by a significant submission.
They are amongst the earliest examples of the "catenic" (catena, chain) form of commentary, consisting of a series of extracts from the fathers, arranged, with independent additions, to elucidate the portions of Scripture concerned.
You must also elucidate your plan for reaching your distribution channels.
Although we have not reached a stage of certainty regarding their origin, function and destiny, recent investigations have brought forward evidence to elucidate the importance of the part played by the different cells in the various types of the inflammatory process.
Hunter's researches on the severer anaemias are doing much to elucidate these subtle maladies.
Parliamentary diarists like DEwes, Burton and Walter Yonge, only a fragment of whose shorthand notes in the British Museum has been published (Camden Society), elucidate the bare official statements; and from 1660 the series of parliamentary debates is fairly complete, though not so full or authoritative as it becomes with Hansard in the 19th century.
So abundant is the testimony of modern travellers to the extent to which Eastern custom and thought elucidate the interpretation of the Bible, that it is very important to notice those features which illustrate Genesis.
Research underway to elucidate the etiology and pathways of diabetic microvascular disease has revealed new targets for drug design.
Monitoring excitatory and inhibitory amino acids will it is hoped, elucidate the mechanism by which these drug exert their effect.
Investigations in phenol formaldehyde resins for example elucidate mechanism and provide new flame retardant materials.
From 1810 to 1812 he travelled in France, Switzerland and Italy, and on his return to Paris published an Essai critique sur la topographic de Syracuse (1812), designed to elucidate Thucydides.
These enabled him to elucidate the true nature of soap; he was also able to discover the composition of stearin and olein, and to isolate stearic and oleic acids, the names of which were invented by him.
These conditions elucidate the fact that the Parthian Empire, though founded on annexation and perpetually menaced by hostile arms in both the East and the West, yet Later Illsnever took a strong offensive after the days of tory- of the Mithradates II.
In subsequent years they did much to elucidate the remarkable properties of these two substances, one of which, polonium, came to be regarded as one of the transformation-products of the other (see Radioactivity).
The phase rule combined with the latent heat equation enables us to trace the general phenomena of equilibrium in solutions, and to elucidate and classify cases even of great complexity.
The scanty and obscure references to finance, and to economic matters generally, in classical literature do not elucidate all the details of the system; but the analogies of other countries, e.g.
Notwithstanding the many attempts, both by excavations and speculative writings, to elucidate the history of this unique monument, the archaeological data available are insufficient to decide definitely between the conflicting opinions held with regard to the date of its construction and the purpose for which it was originally intended.
The discovery (by Professor Helbig in 1886) of two sets of actual apparatus near Perugia and various representations on vases help to elucidate the somewhat obscure accounts of the method of playing the game contained in the scholia and certain ancient authors who, it must not be forgotten, wrote at a time when the game itself had become obsolete, and cannot therefore be looked to for a trustworthy description of it.
But the study that should elucidate the fundamental similarities or homologies between the several classes, and should suggest the relations of the Echinoderma to other phyla, had scarcely begun.
Neumayr adduced the Triassic sea-urchin Tiarechinus, in which the apical system forms half of the test, as an argument for the origin of Echinoidea from an ancestor in which the apical system was of great importance; but a genus appearing so late in time, in an isolated sea, under conditions that dwarfed the other echinoid dwellers therein, cannot seriously be thought to elucidate the origin of pre-Silurian Echinoidea, and the recent discovery of an intermediate form suggests that we have here nothing but degenerate descendants of a well-known Palaeozoic family (Lepidocentridae).
The Royal Society of London awarded him the Davy medal in 1881 for his researches on indigo, the nature and composition of which he did more to elucidate than any other single chemist, and which he also succeeded in preparing artificially, though his methods were not found commercially practicable.
Further discoveries like Sellin's find at Ta`annek may elucidate the problem.
This, one of the most difficult problems of pathology, is being attacked by many able workers, who are all striving from different standpoints to elucidate the nature of these new formations, which spring from the normal tissues in which they develop and which they destroy.
A remarkable &c, expedition by Baron Toll in 1892 through the regions watered by the Lena, resulted in the collection of material which Afghan- will greatly help to elucidate some of the problems which beset the geological history of the world, proving inter alia the primeval existence of a boreal zone of the Jurassic sea round the North Pole.
Whether the national hieroglyphic system of the Hittites expressed the same Indo-European language as, according to Hrozny, their cuneiform does, we do not know, as further attempts to elucidate it made by Campbell Thompson 11 and Cowley," while in themselves very interesting experiments, do not seem to take us further than previous attempts by Sayce and others.
This fact of the idiosyncrasy of national poetry he illustrated with great fulness and richness in the case of Homer, the nature of whose works he was one of the first to elucidate, the Hebrew poets, and the poetry of the north as typified in ' ` Ossian."
Not that the " Wolfian theory " of the Homeric poems is directly supported by anything in the Scholia; the immediate object of the Prolegomena was not to put forward that theory, but to elucidate the new and remarkable conditions under which the text of Homer had to be settled, viz.
It was not a council of war, but, as it were, a council to elucidate certain questions for the Emperor personally.
That the palatal structure must be taken into consideration by taxonomers as affording hints of some utility there can no longer be a doubt; but perhaps the characters drawn thence owed more of their worth to the extraordinary perspicuity with which they were presented by Huxley than to their own intrinsic value, and if the same power had been employed to elucidate in the same way other parts of the skeleton - say the bones of the sternal apparatus or even of the pelvic girdle - either set might have been made to appear quite as instructive and perhaps more so.
Experiments on alloys are, in some ways, easier to make than on pairs of non-metallic substances, partly owing to the possibility of polishing sections for microscopic examination, and the investigation of alloys has done much to elucidate the general phenomena of solution, of which metallic solution constitutes a special case.
Fritz Pregl
The Austrian physiologist and medical chemist Fritz Pregl (1869-1930) developed the methods of quantitative organic microanalysis.
Pierre de Montreuil
The French architect Pierre de Montreuil (active ca. 1231-1266/1267) was a great exponent of the Rayonnant Gothic style of architecture.
Words near elucidate in the Dictionary
el-tel
eluant
eluate
elucidated
elucidates
elucidating
elucidative
elucidator


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text:
Q: CI / CD pipeline Template for logic app and azure function I have a logic app that connects to an sftp server (virtual machine that I created on azure) and does actions when a file is added to that sftp:

*

*When a file is added I create a new blob on the blob storage.

*Delete the file from the SFTP server
I have also created a blob trigger-based azure function that, every time a blob is created, processes some actions (like blob content decryption and parsing).
Next steps will be chaining some other azure functions executions in my logic app (like sending e-mail after executing and azure function etc... )…
Now, I have two main questions:
In order to have the best CI/CD pipeline suited for this workflow, do I create the logic app from the portal or from visual studio and why please?
Do I put azure function and logic app in the same solution/Repo? Same project?
Then, how can I create the CI/CD pipeline (type template and steps please)?
Ps: I want to add unit tests to test if my logic app and azure function are working correctly so I want to integrate test step in my build definition.
For more details about the logic app please see this Stack overflow question in which i detailed the process
and here is the logic app

A: Please find the below points:

*

*I would recommend using Visual Studio. The main advantage is it gives you the same
designer experience, and you can make use of ARM Template and parameters to
deploy your logic app robustly to multiple environments to dev, Staging , proc etc.,
making a robust CI/CD  pipeline. It also gives you an advantage of using Azure key vaults using ARM template and the parameter syntax to store any sensitive data.

*Also Visual studio provides you to connect to the cloud using cloud
explorer where you can mimic resubmit , run history etc..

*If you are using Azure function only for one process then you can
put it under the same solutions, but keeping Azure functions as a
separate Repo gives you more flexibility of re-usability, so that
other applications can also make use of it.

*You can utilise Speck flow for automate logic app testing Automated tesing logic app with speckflow this link explained it in detail.