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Bonus Episode! Carson v. Makin Update
In this bonus episode Liz and Rebecca recap the case, which was discussed in Episode 1, and review the decision handed down by the Supreme Court at the end of June. They also discuss the impact this has for the separation of state and church moving forward.
SCOTUS Decision
Previous episode on this topic
Liz Cavell: Hey listeners. Welcome back to We Dissent. This is Liz Cavell.
Rebecca Markert: And I'm Rebecca Markert.
Liz Cavell: And this is a little bonus episode just to update you all on the decision that came down in a case that we discussed way back in our first episode, it'll just be Rebecca and I today, we are without Alison and Monica. And that's just so that we could get something up as quickly as we could to update you on some of these case outcomes. So, Carson versus Makin was the case that we talked about in episode one. And if you recall, this was a case that came out of the state of Maine that had to do with Maine's system for providing public school, secondary education to students that reside in districts that don't have enough kids to operate their own secondary public school. And if you remember the way that Maine did this in some school districts was to pay tuition to the school of a family's choice to absorb their student and the criteria for which schools could participate and receive that funding excluded sectarian schools. So Maine did not want to give direct public funding for public school education to sectarian religious schools in keeping with the Establishment Clause and their anti-establishment interests. But there were two families that wanted to send their students to really Christian schools in Maine. And those schools directly conflicted with the criteria set forth by Maine. So they sued, this made its way up to the Supreme Court after lower courts found in Maine's favor. And so obviously that was a bad sign. And this is of course, an ultra conservative Christian plaintiff, which you've heard us talk about, have become favored plaintiffs for this Supreme Court.
Rebecca Markert: And if you recall from that first episode, the title of that episode is actually "The Sleeper Case, Carson v. Makin." And I find it interesting because it remained the sleeper case throughout this term. The decision in this case was handed down on a Tuesday after the federal holiday for Juneteenth, we were digesting that information and by Friday, the court had handed down its decision in the Dobbs versus Jackson case, which of course overturned Roe v. Wade. And so that became the news of the week and Carson kind of got left behind again. It was kind of this huge decision that upended decades of precedent, again, under everybody's radar. I thought that was interesting that it remained the sleeper case throughout, but the court did decide six to three in an opinion, by Chief Justice John Roberts, that when states and local governments choose to subsidize private schools, they must allow families to use those taxpayer funds to pay for religious education.
Liz Cavell: You will be forgiven if you do not remember anything from episode one, and also you didn't notice all these hellacious upending decisions that happened the same week as Dobbs and Bruen and all the other disasters of decisions. But, we did discuss in our episode one, what our own predictions were for Carson. And I think that we pretty much predicted that this would come down a long party line six to three, that you'd get an ultra conservative majority finding for the families and that we would see some concurrences that were really strong in favor of basically how bad the discrimination interest is here when public funding is not going to only you, you know, ultra sectarian schools. And that's pretty much exactly what we saw.
Rebecca Markert: One of the things that I think is also interesting from this case, Chief Justice Roberts is the one who wrote the opinion. He's also the justice who wrote the majority opinions in the Trinity Lutheran case, which involved funding in the state of Missouri, where they were funding secular projects like resurfacing playgrounds, and Trinity Lutheran operated a preschool and wanted to use those funds to resurface its playground. But of course it's a religious organization. And in that opinion, Roberts wrote that the state of Missouri, if they were doing, if they were giving out these funds, they also had to allow religious organizations to participate in that program. That decision was seven to two sort of a shocking decision from 2017. Then three years later, we had the case Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue and Roberts. Again, wrote that decision in the Espinoza decision.
The court rules in favor of the Christian plaintiffs in that case and says that if the state of Montana is going to provide funding, it cannot exclude religious organizations. In fact, it's discrimination, if you do that. So in those cases, they kind of mentioned, or kind of inferred that there is a distinction between the status of the organization, whether the organization is a religious organization or a secular organization versus the use of those funds. If the funds presumably were going to fund religious activities or worship, it was understood in 2020 that the state could not give out those, that money for that type of activity. Obviously the constitutional principles that we're all aware of is that we do not fund religious activities. We do not allow our taxpayers to fund religious activities. So John Roberts writes that opinion, rules in favor of the plaintiffs there, but seems to maintain this status versus use distinction. Fast forward to this year, 2022 and he writes again, this decision in Carson, and he says everything that I said about status versus use, like that's not practical, which is something that we said way back then, that you can't really make a distinction between status and use, especially when you're talking about money. But he says that there's really no distinction between the two. And if the state is going to provide funding for whatever purpose here, religious education, then they cannot exclude religious organizations or churches, even when they are planning to use that funding for religious activities, instruction or worship. And even if they are schools or institutions that discriminate.
Liz Cavell: We talked about this in episode one, when we were sort of doing our predictions on what they could do in this Carson decision, we talked about whether or how they would preserve what the Establishment Clause still allows states to do in terms of not giving funding to religious actors. And in this decision, it, they didn't really leave that much daylight there. You know, it was it again. And the dissent pointed this out. It was this just kind of new perversion of the First Amendment where the Free Exercise Clause and the government not discriminating against religion, or Christianity became the primary focus of the analysis and the Establishment Clause interests are just ever shrinking and shrinking to the point where the court really doesn't care that much about Maine's interest in not forcing its taxpayers to pay for religious education. That would be the Establishment Clause interest. So, and we can talk about the dissents too, because again, these were some powerful dissents, like many this term two separate dissents in this case, one was written by Justice Breyer and the other was written by Justice Sotomayor. I'll start with Breyer's dissent and he really gave some kind of powerful pushback on the idea I was just talking about, which is that the First Amendment has both the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause and that they are supposed to, and have four decades been recognized by the Supreme Court as working together and that courts should always be sort of recognizing the play and the joints between the two clauses and play in the joints has been a phrase used by the court for decades to describe how the analysis has to balance the interests that exist in the Establishment Clause against the interests of individuals in the free exercise clause.
And the case here just pretty much does away with the Establishment Clause interest and only focuses on the free exercise interests. And the majority here saying that states must give funding to religious schools. If they fund public schools or non secular private schools in the same scheme is just another lurch to the conservative. It's a big difference saying states must fund religious schools and states may be compatible with the Establishment Clause, give funding to religious schools. One other point that Breyer was raising is that this goes way beyond Trinity Lutheran. Like Rebecca was saying just a few years ago, this court decided Trinity Lutheran and a couple years later decided the Espinoza versus Montana case. And Breyer's pointing out that this is different than what happened in Trinity Lutheran. So he's basically trying to salvage something of the status use distinction, right in Trinity Lutheran schools were excluded from the funding and he voted in the majority in that case because they simply because, and only because they were owned controlled affiliated with religious organization, it was a preschool or a daycare type of, of entity that was affiliated with a church. But here, you know, Maine was choosing not to give funds to schools whose whole entire existence is the indoctrination of kids in every subject through a religious lens. So he was pointing out that this is, this goes way further than Trinity Lutheran and what the Court has done before. And the same with Espinoza. This goes way beyond Espinoza for the same reason, there is a difference between programs that in his view funding programs that exclude religious actors simply because they have religious affiliation versus states refusing to give funds where the funds will be used to promote religion, teach religion, and advance religious views
Rebecca Markert: And to his credit. Yes, he moved from the majority in Trinity Lutheran to the dissent in Espinoza, because he did want to maintain this sort of semblance of status versus use distinction. And even after Espinoza came down, I think a lot of our organizations were like, that's not really practical. For years we've all been saying that just giving funds to a religious institution, even if you do that for a secular purpose of resurfacing, a playground, or, you know, redoing a bathroom or something like that, obviously frees up funds within their budget for those really religious purposes so that they can have, I don't know, better music or better Bibles in their pews or something like that. You know, money's fungible like that and you can't really determine what they're using it for and so the status versus use distinction, at least in my view was always sort of one that I think was just a weird parameter that courts sometimes use and was never gonna be helpful and obviously lead to more litigation down the line. But obviously in this case, Carson, John Roberts just blows that distinction out of the water. And it doesn't matter if you're providing a funding program that is going to be generally available to organizations or individuals, and you cannot exclude religious organizations to do so is discrimination against religion. But what Liz was talking about earlier, Justice Breyer was talking about this play in the joints idea that these clauses work together. And here's a quote from his dissent that kind of explains that a little bit. He said: "In my view, Maine's nonsectarian requirement falls squarely within the scope of that constitutional leeway." He also is a Justice that's big on neutrality. He believes that the government should be neutral towards religion. And we saw that come up in many other cases, including the Ten Commandments cases that he wrote back in 2005. But here's another quote from his dissent that talks about just the, the importance of the government being neutral. And what the constitution says about that. He writes: "The Religion Clauses thus created a compromise in the form of religious freedom. They aspired to create a 'benevolent neutrality'—one which would 'permit religious exercise to exist without sponsorship and without interference.' 'The basic purpose of these provisions' was 'to insure that no religion be sponsored or favored, none commanded, and none inhibited.' This religious freedom in effect meant that people 'were entitled to worship God in their own way and to teach their children' in that way. We have historically interpreted the Religion Clauses with these basic principles in mind."
Liz Cavell: Right. And I just wanna also say to Rebecca's point a few minutes ago about how obviously untenable, the court's kind of project to distinguish between status and use and insist on government funding, going to religious organizations when it's just a status based distinction. We have Justice Sotomayor dissent and Justice Sotomayor basically agrees with Justice Breyer on his points in dissent, but she writes separately to basically say, I told y'all, this was gonna happen. Justice Breyer you are in the majority on all of those other cases and basically I'm writing to say, this court never should have started down this path, like from Trinity Lutheran on. And she dissented in Trinity Lutheran way back and all along the road, she always believed that the government action in refusing funding in those other cases was perfectly appropriate under the First Amendment and both clauses, the, the leeway between the clauses that Breyer was just referring to in the quote that Rebecca gave. So, she agrees with Justice Breyer that Trinity Lutheran and Espinoza are distinguishable from what Maine was doing in this case. Because again, pointing out that it's really significant that Maine is trying not to fund actual religious education like these conservative schools that you might remember Rebecca describing in episode one, the conservative Christian ideology flows through every single part of the education at these schools. It's not just that they are religious schools or parochial, or that they teach religion, it's that they approach the students' education in every way and every subject through a lens of Evangelical Christianity. And that is different than what was sort of sanctioned in Trinity Lutheran and Espinoza.
Rebecca Markert: We should probably talk here about one of the most concerning things about this majority opinion is that estate's, anti-establishment interest, this interest to keep church and state separate is not one that is a compelling interest that would survive constitutional review.
Liz Cavell: The court's basically saying to the states, you can't prioritize a greater anti-establishment interest than what we say the federal constitution requires. Maine is also saying, Hey, we have a state constitution and it also embodies these anti-establishment of religion, values, and principles. And that's our state interest. We think that's compelling. And the court is saying well, when it comes to someone saying, but my free exercise, right? Your interpretation of what your Establishment Clause requires, can't exceed what we say the Establishment Clause requires on the federal level. And oh, by the way, what we think the Establishment Clause requires is barely anything, it's just a complete departure and Justice Sotomayor dissent really, I think recognizes the alarming nature of what's going on in this case, again, a sleeper case that unfortunately, because it's one of many, isn't getting a ton of attention, but it is a real shrinking, even more to the point of being almost nothing, the separation of church and state, and even just the a state's ability, individual state's ability to protect the separation of church and state. And I, one of, I think her best quotes is that last line of her dissent, which is Justice Sotomayor saying: "Today, the Court leads us to a place where separation of church and state becomes a constitutional violation. If a State cannot offer subsidies to its citizens without being required to fund religious exercise, any State that values its historic antiestablishment interests more than this Court does will have to curtail the support it offers to its citizens. With growing concern for where this Court will lead us next, I respectfully dissent."
Rebecca Markert: And if you follow our Facebook and Twitter pages, I took that quote and we made it into a graphic because it was such an amazing quote, the morning that the decision came down and we're all racing to read through the opinion and put out our statements, our team, of course, rightly so was focused on Breyer's dissent, because it was longer and had a lot in it. And I kept saying, let's not forget Sonia Sotomayor because she was amazing in her very short dissent. I think it was only five pages long. It wasn't very long at all but that line and she just called it out straight. She said, this court continues to dismantle the wall of separation between church and state that the framers fought to build. And of course, as we go on in the term and see other cases come down, it gets worse.
Liz Cavell: Yeah. And that, those quotes basically sum up really an honest reflection of what the court did in this case. It's basically that quote that I read, states can't offer public funding without offering the same funding to religious exercise, not just religious organizations, but actual religious, the exercise of religion. And it, it doesn't matter if the state feels more strongly about the separation of church and state than the United States Supreme Court. And that's not the way it's supposed to be.
Rebecca Markert: And we are lawyers obviously. And whenever we look at these cases, we try to determine how narrow the decision is. I mean, what is going to be the greater impact of this decision? Everybody has been asking. Well, you know, Maine is a pretty unique situation. There are not a lot of states. In fact, there's only two other states like Maine that have this system where they don't provide public schools for secondary education in rural areas and have a funding scheme so that parents can send their kids to a secondary school. I think it's Vermont, New Hampshire. So when you're looking at it, you're thinking, well, it's not gonna have a lot of impact because there's only three states in the whole country that have this type of scheme, but really it does have a broad impact because obviously there, there are many different types of voucher programs across the country. The court really is saying that not only may states devise these types of programs, but when they do, they must have religious organizations participate. So taxpayers now are really, for the first time ever, compelled to fund religious education. This is something that our founding fathers would not have agreed with right at all. And in fact, Thomas Jefferson wrote that it would be sinful and tyrannical to do so, to compel one of our citizens to fund religion for religious services or worship, that would be equivalent basically to a government compelled type thing.
Liz Cavell: I'm pretty sure also in context, Jefferson was talking specifically about taxpayers being taxed to fund religious education. That was something that our founders specifically detested. And that was part of what was being embodied in our First Amendment was a guarantee against that type of government sponsorship of religion, but you know, not much made of the historical and the tradition of anti-establishment in our nation. It's weird.
Rebecca Markert: Well, and I mean, just that he phrased it the way that he did sinful and tyrannical, those are very strong terms to be using. And I feel like we can't really be like he didn't really mean it like that. I feel like he was pretty strong in his opinion that we should not be making our citizens pay for religious education. The other thing that I've been asked in this last week is, you know, so me as a taxpayer, am I now being forced to pay for religion that I don't believe in? And the answer to that really is, well, if you live in a state with some of these voucher programs, yes-
Liz Cavell: You probably are.
Rebecca Markert: You probably are. But it also, even if you live in a state that doesn't have this type of program for religious education, states are now incentivized to devise those types of schemes. And once they do, then yes, that money must go to religious organizations as well. So it could be happening to you even if you, you know, deem that you're living in a safe state right now,
Liz Cavell: And it's not just religious education, religious schools like this court is requiring this type of government sponsorship across the board. I mean, look at Fulton. Sotomayor is not exaggerating here, this is common. Like government money goes to non-profits, it goes to charities, it goes to different organizations that do community work and more and more you're seeing courts saying those government entities must give that money to religious organizations that might be doing the same community work, but they're doing it in a totally discriminatory way that most taxpayers would not agree with or agree to fund.
Rebecca Markert: And one of the things that a lot of people are saying too, is that well, okay. So if we have to make this funding available to all organizations secular or not that's okay, because we can put all these restrictions on the funding. So if you're gonna accept this funding, you then also have to meet these certain conditions. Like your teachers have to be licensed. You have to abide by non-discrimination rules that we've devised and things like that. In my opinion, that's the next level of litigation here. Because we have seen religious organizations say, we want the money, but we also don't wanna have to follow any of the rules that you guys are setting out. I mean, we still wanna be able to discriminate, we still wanna be able to do our thing, but yes, you have to give us money and if you don't, you're discriminating against us, but we also still get to discriminate in hiring LGBT teachers or expelling students who, you know, display non gender conforming behavior, that type of thing.
Liz Cavell: Right. And I mean, those kind of factual parameters existed in this case, but the court didn't have to really make any decisions about what Rebecca is talking about. But I agree a hundred percent, Rebecca, that is the next frontier. There's always a next frontier. Like there's never, an end to what religious groups are going to demand in terms of privilege and special treatment. And when it comes to funding that is curtailed by anti-discrimination rules or educational standards, things like that. As quick as a state can move to do that, you can bet there's gonna be litigation saying like, no, now you're discriminating against us. Based on our sincerely held religious belief that gay people are evil and going to hell and you can't do that. We don't want that accountability, but we still get the funding. It's just the, have your cake and eat it too legal argument that wins the day again and again at this court.
Rebecca Markert: And we bring up LGBTQ issues all of the time but as Liz just mentioned, it also will affect educational standards. So yes, they're going to say no, it's my sincerely held religious belief that the earth is flat and I'm not going to teach science in the manner that you State of Maine, State of California or whatever state it is. Want me to teach science because that's not what I believe. And that is, your money's going towards that too.
Liz Cavell: Yeah, there's definitely no end to this type of constitutional analysis, you can't see my scare quotes, but, leads. It's this ever expanding view of what free exercise requires. There's really no end to what we all end up funding in the long run.
Rebecca Markert: And I wanna be clear too. I'm not saying that states shouldn't try that and shouldn't pass those laws and shouldn't attach certain conditions to the funding. I do think that when those schemes come up where the government is providing funding, and there are certain conditions attached to that funding, I do think that there are going to be religious organizations in schools that look at that and say, yes, we're gonna abide by all of that because we want the money, but there are going to be other organizations like Bangor Christian in Maine and Temple Academy in Maine, where they're not gonna want to abide by those rules and regulations. And they will sue. That remains to be seen how that's all going to play out. But I do think, I mean, at this point, states should try to states those types of law. They have to, yes.
Liz Cavell: Taxpayers don't wanna pay for discriminatory schools. And especially in places where states are trying to fulfill their obligation to provide public school education. We're trying to give kids that live in districts with no school, school. Of course, we don't want it to go to schools that discriminate and actually in actual school at issue in that case, I can't remember if it was Bangor or the other one Temple, but one of them did not take funds from the state of Maine, even in the run up to this litigation because they didn't want to be bound by state regulation or whatever strings would come attached to that government funding. So, I mean that school itself is probably emboldened to be like, oh cool, we won, we get the money and we get to keep doing what we want. And then it'll have to go back to square one to see what states will do in that situation. And then of course be sued and then we're off again.
Rebecca Markert: So another talking point that the other side has been putting out there particularly a lot this past week is taxpayer funds already go to different religious schools. Particularly when you look at higher education, we have religious colleges and universities that receive federal funding and college students who are looking for financial assistance. They're able to get student loans, particularly Pell Grants, and they can take those funds and go to religious colleges and universities, which same situation they're going to be having religious classes and religious instruction. And some of that religion may permeate every single class that that student takes. So how's that different Liz.
Liz Cavell: So, I mean, first of all, there's so many different ways that funding flows to schools. Like you mentioned FAFSA where students themselves apply for funding and use it at the school of their choice. And then there's, there's like Title IX funding. And there's, you know, all this different types of federal funding that flows to universities, both private and public. But my understanding of much of that funding is that we're in territory where those schools are agreeing to abide by anti-discrimination laws that are set by the federal government. Like at the university level, we haven't seen this push by religious schools, religious affiliated schools, to be able to take federal funding yet, not comply with any federal requirements that are attached to that funding. And there are schools that are like uber Bible colleges that just absolutely will not do any of those things, but they don't take federal funding. Like that's pretty much the deal. It's not that hard to understand.
Rebecca Markert: When you're talking about those uber religious colleges, it just brought to mind. My favorite show is Gilmore Girls. And one of the characters in Gilmore Girls is Lane and she is a Korean American and her mom's very strict and very religious. And so when she's applying to colleges, she gets all of these Seventh Day Adventist college applications. She sits down and she's going through them. And she's like, there's one school that has a park for boys and a park for girls. And she's like, my life is over.
Liz Cavell: Right, exactly. Not a school for federal funding. Right. No, exactly. And I mean, it is not correct to say that that is evidence of that. Carson is just reflecting the status quo, because that is not what is happening when universities accept federal funding.
Rebecca Markert: What about the age of the students too? I mean, we're looking at adults versus young and impressionable children. I mean, at the schools, in the state of Maine, in the fifth grade, they're asking their students to proclaim Jesus and to refute the teachings of Islam. We see with a lot of these religious proselytizing teachers and people on the streets and things like that. I mean, they really are targeting students of a certain age because they really do kind of wanna get them when they're young,
Liz Cavell: Right, a hundred percent. And I mean, when we're talking about K through 12 education, like that is where we as a society, we have accepted this societal responsibility to provide free K through 12 education to all of our kids. And there's just something different about that when it comes to what we are and aren't funding because your money is gonna go somewhere to educate these students and the thumb or the fist is being placed down the scale to move so much of that taxpayer money into these private religious schools where most taxpayers don't want it to go. And also of course, we talked about this in the Carson episode. It also is this concurrent project to really undermine our public secular schools. Public education also lost the day in the Carson decision. So that is the update on Carson versus Makin. Thanks for listening. We will have some other updates in the feed for some of the other decisions that have come down since we recorded our episodes on them. So stay tuned for those.
Rebecca Markert: I'm Rebecca Markert.
Liz Cavell: And I'm Liz Cavell.
Rebecca Markert: Thanks for listening. We Dissent is a joint production of the Freedom From Religion Foundation, American Atheists and the American Humanist Association. It is hosted by attorneys Liz Cavell, Alison Gill, Monica Miller, and me, Rebecca Markert. Special thanks to FFRF law student intern, Katie Stickland who assisted with producing this episode. Other production support comes from James Phetteplace and Greta Martens. Audio engineering provided by Audio for the Arts based in Madison, Wisconsin.
© 2022 We Dissent Podcast | All Rights Reserved
We Dissent: Cookie compliance


text:
package io.kubernetes.client.openapi.models;

import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;
import java.util.Objects;

/** CustomResourceSubresources defines the status and scale subresources for CustomResources. */
@ApiModel(
    description =
        "CustomResourceSubresources defines the status and scale subresources for CustomResources.")
@javax.annotation.Generated(
    value = "org.openapitools.codegen.languages.JavaClientCodegen",
    date = "2022-09-15T17:00:37.921Z[Etc/UTC]")
public class V1CustomResourceSubresources {
  public static final String SERIALIZED_NAME_SCALE = "scale";

  @SerializedName(SERIALIZED_NAME_SCALE)
  private V1CustomResourceSubresourceScale scale;

  public static final String SERIALIZED_NAME_STATUS = "status";

  @SerializedName(SERIALIZED_NAME_STATUS)
  private Object status;

  public V1CustomResourceSubresources scale(V1CustomResourceSubresourceScale scale) {

    this.scale = scale;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * Get scale
   *
   * @return scale
   */
  @javax.annotation.Nullable
  @ApiModelProperty(value = "")
  public V1CustomResourceSubresourceScale getScale() {
    return scale;
  }

  public void setScale(V1CustomResourceSubresourceScale scale) {
    this.scale = scale;
  }

  public V1CustomResourceSubresources status(Object status) {

    this.status = status;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * status indicates the custom resource should serve a `/status` subresource. When
   * enabled: 1. requests to the custom resource primary endpoint ignore changes to the
   * `status` stanza of the object. 2. requests to the custom resource `/status`
   * subresource ignore changes to anything other than the `status` stanza of the object.
   *
   * @return status
   */
  @javax.annotation.Nullable
  @ApiModelProperty(
      value =
          "status indicates the custom resource should serve a `/status` subresource. When enabled: 1. requests to the custom resource primary endpoint ignore changes to the `status` stanza of the object. 2. requests to the custom resource `/status` subresource ignore changes to anything other than the `status` stanza of the object.")
  public Object getStatus() {
    return status;
  }

  public void setStatus(Object status) {
    this.status = status;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean equals(java.lang.Object o) {
    if (this == o) {
      return true;
    }
    if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
      return false;
    }
    V1CustomResourceSubresources v1CustomResourceSubresources = (V1CustomResourceSubresources) o;
    return Objects.equals(this.scale, v1CustomResourceSubresources.scale)
        && Objects.equals(this.status, v1CustomResourceSubresources.status);
  }

  @Override
  public int hashCode() {
    return Objects.hash(scale, status);
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    sb.append("class V1CustomResourceSubresources {\n");
    sb.append("    scale: ").append(toIndentedString(scale)).append("\n");
    sb.append("    status: ").append(toIndentedString(status)).append("\n");
    sb.append("}");
    return sb.toString();
  }

  /**
   * Convert the given object to string with each line indented by 4 spaces (except the first line).
   */
  private String toIndentedString(java.lang.Object o) {
    if (o == null) {
      return "null";
    }
    return o.toString().replace("\n", "\n    ");
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}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
3+ readers
Written by Emma Chichester Clark
LoveReading View on Alice in Wonderland
The extraordinary adventures of Alice after she falls down a rabbit hole and finds herself in a world where everything is completely topsy turvy are magnificently captured in Emma Chichester Clark's glorious illustrations. Down a hole lined with beautiful things falls Alice before she lands in the famous pool of tears and moves on to meet the White rabbit, the Cheshire Cat with its famous grin and, of course, the Mad Hatter. Every picture is rich in details, which reflect the brilliance of Lewis Carroll's original story.
Alice in Wonderland Synopsis
Step into the magical world of Wonderland in this gloriously illustrated picture book retelling of Lewis Carroll's enduring classic, from the highly-regarded, prize-winning illustrator of Blue Kangaroo and Melrose and Croc. When Alice follows a white rabbit down a hole she discovers the extraordinary world of Wonderland, where a magical adventure begins. It's not long before Alice finds herself attending a very unconventional tea party and taking part in a peculiar game of croquet, all in the company of such mysterious and unforgettable characters as the Mad Hatter, the Cheshire Cat and the Mock Turtle. Lewis Carroll's classic story is brought alive for a new generation of readers in this exquisite picture book.
Alice in Wonderland Press Reviews
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Praise for 'Melrose and Croc':
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Primary Times
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Angels and Urchins
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Praise for I Love You, Blue Kangaroo:
'Presented in clear, bright colours, this is a charming tale about affection and sharing!'
School Librarian
'I love you! would melt the stoniest heart. Blue Kangaroo is ousted from his place! by a procession of new toys. A tender and touching story for three to six year olds.'
'Could become a classic.'
Books for Keeps
'Irresistible!brimming with 'Aaah factor'.'
'Blue Kangaroo is a winner.'
T. E. S
If you loved this, you might like these...
All versions of this book
Publisher: HarperCollins Children's Books an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers
Publisher: Walker Books Ltd
Publication date: 4th March 2010
Author: Emma Chichester Clark
Pagination: 48 pages
Suitable for: 3+ readers
Recommendations: eBooks
About Emma Chichester Clark
Emma Chichester Clark studied at the Chelsea School of Art and the Royal College of Art, where she was taught by Quentin Blake. She has worked as a freelance illustrator for various magazines including New Scientist, Cosmopolitan and The Sunday Times, for publishers and advertising agencies as well as teaching art for several years, and has also illustrated numerous book jackets. In 1988 she won the Mother Goose Award for her first book, Listen to This!, an anthology compiled by Laura Cecil. She also won the Kate Greenaway medal in 1988. Since then, she has become internationally known, illustrating ...
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LIVE DRAW HK HARI INI the United States, there are many types of lotteries available to players. Some are very popular and have made headlines due to their huge jackpots and outstanding payouts. These include Powerball, Mega Millions, and Lotto America. While each lottery has a different set of rules, there are some common strategies that can help you increase your chances of winning.
Lotteries are also available in the US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Each state has its own lottery system. However, many states also participate in the multi-state Mega Millions and Powerball lotteries. These lotteries have the largest jackpots in the country.
There are eight in-house lottery games and three multi-state games available for players in Michigan. Players can also play online games. The lottery is a member of the Multi-State Lottery Association.
New Hampshire is one of the first states to offer a lottery. The state started operations in 1964. In addition to its traditional lottery, the state also offers two instant win games. The first instant game is called Street Fighter II Instant Win and the second is called 2by2. The single version has a top prize of $100,000. The other multi-state game is Lucky for Life. Besides its instant win games, the state also offers several draw games.
Minnesota is a member of the Multi-State lottery association. The lottery participates in Powerball, Mega Millions, and four local games. The proceeds of the lottery go to the state's general fund, natural resources, and education programs.
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North Dakota's lottery is not offered in-house. However, the state received voter approval in 2002 for the lottery. It was the first state to launch a lottery. There is also a lottery in neighboring California, but this lottery is not available for players in Nevada. The state has casinos located throughout the state, and many residents feel that a lottery would benefit the state.
Nebraska is a state that has a relatively low gambling age. In addition to lottery, the state also offers games like bingo and raffles. If a person wishes to purchase a ticket, they must be at least eighteen years old. Minors can also receive a ticket as a gift. There are fines if a person is caught underage gambling. In addition, there is a high house edge. This means that there is a greater chance of winning with a smaller ticket.
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Manik Engine Setback
The test flight of the Indigenous Technology Cruise Missile (ITCM) from the Integrated Test Range (ITR) was unsuccessful because the Manik engine failed. This failure is a big setback for India's Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Missile programme.
November 14, 2022 By Lt. General P.C. Katoch (Retd) Photo(s): By DRDO_India / Twitter, SP Guide Pubns
The Author is Former Director General of Information Systems and A Special Forces Veteran, Indian Army
Manik turbofan GT engine developed by DRDO-GTRE
During the DefExpo 2020 held in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh in February 2020, DRDO announced the completion and "closure" of the Nirbhay project and the launch of the Indigenous Technology Cruise Missile (ITCM). The ITCM is powered by the indigenous Manik engine and an RF seeker, both developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO); Manik engine by the DRDO laboratory Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE) located at Bengaluru and the RF seeker by the DRDO laboratory Research Centre Imarat (RCI) located at Hyderabad, Telangana. Maiden tests of the ITCM fitted with the Manik engine and RF seeker were earlier expected to be conducted in April 2020. Air and submarine-launched variants of the ITCM were also proposed to be developed.
On October 28, 2022, the test flight of the ITCM from the Integrated Test Range (ITR) was unsuccessful because the Manik engine failed. The failure is being seen as a big setback for India's Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Missile programme.
Media has quoted unnamed officials saying that the engine developed "technical glitches" after the post-launch boost phase, causing the missile to plummet into the sea within 30 seconds of its launch. A defence-scientist was quoted as saying, "The engine was supposed to start after the initial take-off from the specially designed mobile launcher. But it did not start, possibly owing to a snag. The system then fell down."
In November 2021, the DRDO Chief had said that DRDO has designed, developed, and manufactured a small turbofan engine for unmanned aerial vehicle applications
The GRTE has developed the 400-kg thrust class Small Turbofan Engine (STFE) for the propulsion needs of subsonic unmanned air vehicles (UAVs). The twin-spool generic engine is designed and developed for a short operating life. It's an expendable engine that is expected to last the flight time of the UAV or cruise missile that it powers. To begin with, the engine is to power the ITCM. The Manik turbofan engine features include Engine Mounted FADEC system, an onboard gas generator for engine starting, and an integrated alternator. Its specifications are: thrust – 425 Kgf (IAS, SJS); by-pass ratio – 1.0 ± 0.05; power off take – 3 kW; SFC (kg/lgf/hr) - 0.95 ± 0.05' weight – 100 kg, and engine accessories – 20 kg.
In November 2021, then DRDO Chief Sateesh Reddy had said that DRDO has designed, developed, and manufactured a small turbofan engine for unmanned aerial vehicle applications, which has completed design validation tests on the ground and is presently undergoing experimental flight trials. He further said that on successful completion of flight trials, derivatives of these engines will be manufactured for various unmanned aerial vehicle applications, making the country 'Atmanirbhar' in this complex and critical technology.
The following is relevant in context of the Manik engine:
Ground testing of the engine was completed in May 2018 with trials commencing February 2018 including at an altitude above 11,000 feet as part of high-altitude cold climate trials.
The flight test of the Manik engine in October 2020 was reportedly aborted due to technical snags.
The Manik engine was flight-tested in October 2021 but the test was "partially" successful; the engine reportedly performed as expected but the missile did not reach the desired range. It remains ambiguous if the engine gave requisite acceleration.
It may be recalled that in 1986, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) authorised the DRDO to launch a programme for developing an indigenous engine for the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas fighter aircraft. The GTRE eventually took up a turbofan design which it designated the GTX-35VS Kaveri engine. Full-scale development of this engine was authorised in April 1989 in what was then expected to be a 93-month programme costing 3.82 billion ($47.8 million).
It is well known that India has been running behind in engine technology for the past several decades. Couldn't we have done better if the contract for developing the engine was given to the private industry?
The GTX-35VS Kaveri engine was intended to power production models of the Tejas fighter aircraft, which it failed despite years of development and huge amount of money spent. In August 2010, the MoD issued a press release giving reasons for delay in development of the Kaveri Engine, which included: ab-initio development of state-of-the-art gas turbine technologies; technical/technological complexities; lack of availability of critical equipment and materials and denial of technologies by the technologically advanced countries; lack of availability of test facilities in the country necessitating testing abroad, and; non availability of skilled/technically specialised manpower.
It is well known that India has been running behind in engine technology for the past several decades. This is despite India not lacking the brain-bank which is obvious from the demonstrated performance of Indians abroad. Couldn't we have done better if the same contract for developing the Kaveri engine was given to the private industry? Isn't this how it has been and is being done in the US Britain and Europe? Also, before giving a contract to the DRDO for full-scale production of the Kaveri engine in April 1989, wasn't it considered the necessity to check its feasibility taking into account the multiple excuses listed later in August 2010?
Kaveri turbofan engine
Our aim should be to beat China in defence technology as early as possible. But the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) has consistently pointed out rampant corruption and lack of accountability in the DRDO. In addition there is also the ongoing DRDO espionage case emerging from Chandipur in Baleswar District, which has international dimensions. In this regard, at least five permanent or contractual employees of the Interim Test Range (ITR) of DRDO were arrested till the last report. Also, the contract for the online conduct of Recruitment Exams by DRDO November 12, 2022 onwards has been given to the blacklisted firm 'Sify', which was recently blacklisted for gross irregularities in conduct of recruitment exam for banks.
The governmental defence-industrial complex, including the DRDO, need to be privatised to the maximum possible extent. Converting the Ordnance Factory Board and the 41 Ordnance Factories into DPSUs was a sham with the same management, workers, work culture and accountability, facilitating the deep state to continue making money.
The governmental defence-industrial complex, including the DRDO, need to be privatised to the maximum possible extent
For the same reason rather than bringing the private industry centre-stage in defence manufacturing, the private industry is being involved and subordinated to the DRDO and DPSUs. A veteran Vice Chief of Army Staff has the following to say in this context:
Involving the PSU/DPSU with the Private Sector is a ploy by the bureaucracy to retain control and therefore the underhand dealings.
The PSUs provide the bureaucrats with tips as to how and where to look, in order to swing the underhand deal.
Granted that the technology is galloping in the present day environment and one cannot freeze the design and technical specifications forever and after, but the flexibility to adopt the latest should rest with the Project Manager, and which should perhaps cater for a ceiling in cost escalation.
The bureaucracy despite their best efforts cannot match the speed of decision making that is required.
Finally, the question remains whether we will continue in the same manner or will address the above issues and take corrective actions for betterment of the defence of India.


In the midst of all the serious argumentation and roaring flames, humor appears in the newsgroups, echoes, and websites devoted to the evolution vs. creation debate.
Some of it is unintentional. Some of it loses whatever appeal it might have had when removed from context (Acker/Harter punfests come to mind). But some of it stands up to scrutiny well. This page and its links are devoted to this last type of humor.
Numerology Proves Satan Posts to t.o.!
Human Body Temperature Proves Creation!
Tastes Like Chicken (AIR), an evolutionary analysis.


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Clair Morgan's 'New Lions and the Not-Good Night' is an upbeat, powerful and unique addition to RVA's indie pop lexicon
Brad Kutner | May 4, 2016
Topics: Clair Morgan, record reviews, rva music
Although there's a good chance you've seen local favorite Clair Morgan, New Lions and the Not-Good Night plays as a debut album.
The band's first album, No Notes, featured primarily Morgan himself.
New Lions, featuring most of the seven members that currently perform with Clair Morgan, thus evinces a maturation of a sound spawned with No Notes and that has grown through live performance.
And it is that driving, upbeat sound that propels this album forward, absolutely, but that sound would not be as strong nor effective without acknowledging the interplay of voices both as instruments of sound and lyrical content. So crisp, so indie pop is the sound already recognizable from the band that one almost overlooks the depth and complexity of the lyrical content.
Vocal tracks often are embedded down into the instrumentals, playing together to focus on the sound progression, but breaking them apart reveals an exploration of being both a child and a parent, of reliving and reviewing one's childhood by navigating fatherhood. At the core of this album is Morgan's exploration of fatherhood, of being a child turned parent, of the "obsessive" weight, fear, and responsibility of caring for another life. That tension colors every aspect of the album from the cover art, inspired by his sons, to the song progression.
From the beginning of the album with the "Intro" track, which was primarily composed by Morgan's oldest son, we are led directly into "Bryn Mawr," a fantasy around the idea of isolating one's family to ensure a safe, protected existence. The choral voices, with Emily Skidmore and Ashley Moore softly joining Morgan throughout, support the sense of family that permeates the album. Here, as in many places throughout the album, the backing vocals set the tone of the song, moving us toward the gently rising crescendo that pulls the listener down into the album. Though upbeat, this album feels set apart; an island of thought, a dream of maybes, with "Intro" and "Bryn Mawr" working together to open the gates.
Throughout the album, the band falls down into the sound, playing with the themes of the song – unrestrained, but never messy. In "Rogue Island," the album's first single and debatably the most discernable song in terms of sound, driving drums backed with an extra snare from Adam Tsai combine with a signature fast and loose riff from Morgan to create a sound undeniably catchy.
After the first chorus, as Morgan leans heavy into a gnarly riff punctuated by that insistent bass, what can one do but nod along, as carried away as the band?
Perhaps the best breakaway into sound happens in "How to Set Your Bed on Fire," when the pacing shifts and Morgan lets his guitar take over for his voice for just a moment.
Peppered throughout the album are delicious little bits like this, like Tsai's sweet vibes in "Ready Set Falcon" or the way all three voices soar out in "Amelia Graveheart," which speak to each member's deliberate participation in the music. Everyone, explains Morgan, is willing to play just what's needed for the song, not for his or her ego; that's how this seven-piece comes away with such tight construction.
Though this is a heavily thematic album, beyond any one theme an awareness of the fluidity of perspective runs through this album.
Always a child, a father, a confident lead, a man at the forefront in "Outro," Morgan's exploration of sound and self stands honest and open. Instead of falling into a self-sacrificing pit of indie pop, through upbeat tempos, lilting guitar riffs, and peppy backing vibes the band never allows the listener to forget how much they just love the sound, how much fun it is to play this music, even on tracks heavy with the weight of family. Still, though, for all that we are encouraged to raise our fists with Morgan, to sing along with eyes closed, in the end we necessarily fall back as Morgan orchestrates his own wandering through "the paralyzing fear" of being a parent.
That said, if Morgan's desire to provide a safe space for his family, tempered with the knowledge of the impossibility of achieving that task, underwrites this album, then inside the album itself, for just a moment, this desire feels achievable.
You can hear a full stream of the album via Pure Volume here!
New Lions and the Not-Good Night drops this Friday on Egghunt Records.
There's a record release show at The Broadberry with Manatree, Spooky Cool, and Way, Shape, or Form. Doors 7pm — Show 8pm
$8 ADV $10 DOOR – snag tickets here!
Brad Kutner
Top posts by Brad Kutner
1 RVA Born Day By Day Returns to Adult Swim with "Mr. Pickles"
2 GWAR-B-Q 2015 in photos
4 Shockoe Stadium Debate Rules City Council Meeting
5 Ryan Micklos


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In-Box
Face of the Flow
Lights Camera Re-Action
Flow Sports
Battleboyz
Flow Music
FlowTV
Coach LaFleur suffers major injury!
The Green Bay Packers come across their first injury. Their coach Matt LaFleur tore his Achilles tendon on the basketball court at the Lambeau field, reports NFL.com. The 39 year old will now have to go through a surgery to have his tear repaired properly and quickly, a source said.
"I would say Matt is definitely hands-on," That's why he's here. That's why we're all here. We have to be who we are. I think everybody has their role they want to fill and who they think that they are.
"That's why you love Matt. Matt is the same guy I met about five, six years ago. He hasn't changed a bit besides now he's the head coach of the Packers. Every guy is different. Every head coach I've worked with and all the different guys I've been around have had their niche and how they want to do it." Packers offensive coordinator states.
Wishing him godspeed recovery, let's see how the Packers do without him in the last two weeks that are left. For updates on his condition and stories about the team, remain in touch with us at Flow Online
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A Voyage of No Importance
by Rod Dickson
ISBN 085905 298 2, (2003 new), 125 pages, limp cover, section sewn, illustrated, 180 grams
This is the true story of an epic 350 kilometre voyage along the West Kimberley coast made by two intrepid seafarers in their 3.5 metre wooden dinghy in late 1920.
The pearling lugger, HENRY, on a voyage from Wyndham to Broome was wrecked on a jagged rock off Cape Voltaire in the far northwest. The six crewmen on board made it to the mainland and set up camp. It was then decided that two men should row the dinghy south to get help but nobody expected the voyage to last a month and cover such a vast distance.
This one small lugger, the HENRY became involved in three separate incidents in which five white men lost their lives, four to the natives on the red coast and one to a crocodile.
The dinghy voyage from Cape Voltaire to Cape Leveque was likened to that of Bass and Flinders in a letter describing the voyage, written by Reverend Richardson, of Broome, to the editor of The West Australian. However, the editor wrote back and described the voyage as of no importance.


Mercedes has gotten the upper hand in its fight against BMW, but it may not hold onto it much longer.
Love em' or hate em', crossover SUVs are big money for automakers like BMW, so there's no way that they are going to be phased out anytime soon. In fact, if there's any body style that's under threat, it would be the sedan. Automakers haven't quite turned their backs on smaller four-door cars just yet, but it's safe to say they aren't getting as much love and R & D money as their crossovers counterparts. Automakers see the SUV as the way of the future as well as a sweet way to pad their pockets.
It's why, just a few years after unveiling the original X4 SUV, BMW is already thinking about where its crossover/coupe will evolve from there. And so is rendering artist X-Tomi Design for that matter. Just a few days after the striking new X3 was dropped, X-Tomi has taken a crack at rendering the X4 using styling cues from the new X3 and applying them to the X4 template in order to draw up what the X4's replacement might look like. Complete with a large confident grille at the front and a sloping roofline, the X4 looks ready to munch up miles in style and more importantly, give the Mercedes GLC some hell. Making things better is the fact that we know the M Division is mingling with SUVs and not just BMW's cars.
The X3 was given the M40i treatment, so it's a welcome prediction to expect the X4 to undergo the same transition. Hopefully BMW takes it to the extent that Mercedes-AMG did with the AMG GLC63 S, but that might be asking too much. For now we'll feast our eyes on this beauty, hoping that BMW doesn't actually use that tacky plastic and chrome-colored cladding near the bottom of the X4 so that it can more effectively strike back at the gorgeous Mercedes GLC.


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Indiana Might Have Just Legalized Discrimination Against Gay People
Indiana Anti-Gay Law
March 26, 2015 by Annie Gabillet
Source: Twitter user GovPenceIN
It's not a good sign when you have to sign a bill during a closed ceremony. But that's what Indiana Gov. Mike Pence did today, when he made a controversial bill law with the stroke of his pen. The Religious Freedom Restoration Act appears to make it OK for businesses or regular citizens to discriminate against LGBT individuals. They just have to cite their religious beliefs. For example, according to the law's critics, a hotel could not provide lodging to a gay couple. Or a restaurant could turn away a transgender person. Suffice it to say, this is not going over well with many people around the country.
The governor says it's not about discrimination but about religious freedom. It seems one of his main concerns is any mandate to provide birth control to women. In his statement, he said, "One need look no further than the recent litigation concerning the Affordable Care Act. A private business and our own University of Notre Dame had to file lawsuits challenging provisions that required them to offer insurance coverage in violation of their religious views." Many activists and people on social media are not impressed. Here is a sample of negative reactions, including a boycott by Salesforce:
Today we are canceling all programs that require our customers/employees to travel to Indiana to face discrimination. http://t.co/SvTwyCHxvE
— Marc Benioff (@Benioff) March 26, 2015
#indiana #mikepence #religiousfreedom #fuckthisshit
A photo posted by @_done.with.idiots_ on Mar 26, 2015 at 1:05pm PDT
"Hate is not an #Indiana value." #equality #nohate #hoosiers
A photo posted by Jason (@jasonkcaudill) on Mar 26, 2015 at 1:10pm PDT
#rfra #indiana #sucks #this #is #bullshit
A photo posted by Hannah Paige Arbuckle (@twin.micro.preemie.momma) on Mar 26, 2015 at 12:53pm PDT
The NCAA, which is holding the Final Four in Indianapolis, also issued a statement:
"The NCAA national office and our members are deeply committed to providing an inclusive environment for all our events. We are especially concerned about how this legislation could affect our student-athletes and employees. We will work diligently to assure student-athletes competing in, and visitors attending, next week's Men's Final Four in Indianapolis are not impacted negatively by this bill. Moving forward, we intend to closely examine the implications of this bill and how it might affect future events as well as our workforce."
And the city's Republican mayor echoed the disapproval, saying the bill sends the "wrong signal."
NewsLGBTQ+
Robert Jones, Jr.'s The Prophets Is a Refreshing New Take on the Great American Novel
by Murphy Moroney 4 days ago
Busy Philipps Shares That Her 12-Year-Old, Birdie, Is Gay and Uses They/Them Pronouns
by Karenna Meredith 1 week ago
We Talked With the Queens of RuPaul's Drag Race Season 13, and Trust Us, You're Not Ready
by Grayson Gilcrease 2 weeks ago
Celebrity Families
Gabrielle Union on How Zaya Felt Outed by a Photo: Her "Peace Is Nonnegotiable"
by Murphy Moroney 12/15/20
Latest Love


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Knee grow holy mane working in Florida prison faces charges over inmate's homo rape
https://www.local10.com/news/local/2...sted-for-rape/
Pastor working in Florida prison faces charges over inmate's rape
Florida Department of Corrections employee accused of sexual assault in prison
Updated: February 7, 2020, 9:28 pm
JACKSONVILLE, Fla. – As a Florida Department of Corrections' education supervisor, Rev. Antonio Carlisle was supposed to help rehabilitate inmates. An inmate is accusing him of doing just the opposite when he allegedly raped him in prison.
Florida Department of Corrections Secretary Mark Inch released a statement on Friday saying the charges against Carlisle "are deeply disturbing and abhorrent."
According to the FDC's Office of the Inspector General, investigators said a sexual assault forensic exam including Carlisle's DNA was part of the case.
Inch also said Carlisle, of the Greater True Vine Missionary Baptist Church in Lake City, was dismissed from his job with the department.
The inmate reported Carlisle was pretending to help him when he moved to overpower him and rape him on Aug. 6 at the Florida State Prison in Bradford County. The sexual assault forensic exam was performed the next day.


Don't panic; I know that word up there sounds pretty fancy. But an ekphrastic poem is pretty straightforward: write a poem about or in response to a piece of art.
The Passage of Delaware, by Thomas Sully, 1819.


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Miami's Most Luxurious Hotels
Little Cayman Is the Oft-overlooked Caribbean Destination You Need to Check Out
Beautiful New England Towns Perfect for a Summer Retreat
What to Do + See
Where to Find the Best Seafood in all of Scotland
A New Trail Will Allow You to Bike Across the United States on a Single Path
Travel Company Launches a Once-in-a-lifetime Private Jet Itinerary to Antarctica's Most Southern Point
Medieval Island Goes up for Sale in Sicily—and It Comes With Its Own Private Tower
Everything You Need to Pack for a Trip to Iceland
How to Spend the Perfect Day in Orlando
Where to Go Now
How to Do Italy's Amalfi Coast Right
13 Places Where You Can See the Bluest Water in the World
These Are The Happiest Countries in the World, According to the UN
Picture-perfect Wedding Venues to Make Your Special Day Even More Magical
Life-changing Luxury Spiritual Experiences
How to Spend the Perfect Day in Barcelona
This Luxury Hotel is Embellished with the World's Rarest Materials––And Cost $1 Billion to Construct
The Perfect 24-hour Itinerary for Your Next Trip to Tokyo
The Best Family Vacations to Take This Summer, According to New Virtuoso Report
The Best Views of NYC Are From the Rooftop of This Private Island—and It's for Sale
They both could be yours for the price of $13 million.
You Can Eat Brunch in Luxe Treehouses Suspended in the Middle of the Jungle in Bali
Taking al fresco dining to new heights.
Day Trips From Paris That Shouldn't Be Missed
If you can manage to pull yourself away from Paris for just a day, these are the quick getaways to check out.
The Best Beaches in Northern California
Here's where to find postcard-perfect spots along the Golden State's northern shores.


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Renault and ADA launch Moov'in.Paris by Renault, a free-floating electric vehicle service
Renault, European leader in electric vehicles is joining forces with ADA, a subsidiary of the Rousselet Group and leader in local vehicle rental with over 100 agencies in the Paris region. The two companies are pooling their strengths and skills to implement Moov'in. Paris by Renault, a free-floating car-sharing service using electric vehicles.
From September, 100 Renault ZOE and 20 Renault Twizy vehicles will be available in the XIth and XIIth districts of Paris, as well as in Clichy, in the Hauts-de-Seine department. This initial stage will provide an opportunity to test and tweak the service in order to maximize quality.
Renault will supply the electric vehicles and carry out maintenance and repairs. ADA will contribute its expertise through a digital app dedicated to very short-term vehicle rental. It will also reposition and charge the electric vehicles. ADA's customer department will manage the after-sales service as well as billing on behalf of Renault.
From January 2019, the service will gradually be rolled out more widely.
Christophe Plonevez, CEO of the ADA Group, said:
"Mobility issues have never been so important, and cars are still viewed as essential for people living in the Paris region. Taking an innovative approach, ADA has developed an app for self-service connected vehicles. As part of our cooperation with Renault, we have been able to quickly develop a very short-term car-sharing solution operating alongside our medium-term service, for rentals from half a day to one month. Across the Paris region, people will have access to clean cars for everyday journeys or for weekend or holiday getaways. "
Philippe Buros, Commercial Director, Renault France, said:
"This agreement reflects the progress made by the Group in the field of new mobilities. With the support of ADA, a recognized market player, we are seeking to bring our customers reliable, high-quality services."
Jul 23, 2018 Blagojce Krivevski
Video: Onboard footage of the I.D. R Pikes Peak's record-breaking runVolkswagen Group Announces Electrify Canada Fast EV Charging Network
France Announces New Electric Car Incentives
Renault ZOE S Edition now available in the UK
July 23, 2018 Electric Car Newsada, car-sharing, carsharing, Electric Car Sharing, electric carsharing, France, paris, Renault, Renault Twizy, Renault Zoe, Twizy, Zoe


TE RAWHITI ENTERPRISES LTD BOARD MEETING WAS ON AUGUST 23 but not everyone can attend on that date as there is a first aid course on.
The new TREL meeting date is AUGUST 16, 9-11am.
The new COMBINED HAPU HUI meeting date is August 16 1-1pm.
Everyone is welcome to the TREL meeting as it is ours.
The matters in the TREL meeting were part of the agenda for the combined hui.
What's Robert been doing for us?


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Title:Engineering of Microbial Cell Factories for the Production of Plant Polyphenols with Health-Beneficial Properties
Author(s): Alexey Dudnik*, Paula Gaspar, Ana Rute Neves and Jochen Forster
Applied Metabolic Engineering Group, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby,Denmark
Keywords: Escherichia coli, fisetin, metabolic engineering, microbial cell factories, polyphenols, quercetin, resveratrol, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Abstract: Polyphenols form a group of important natural bioactive compounds with numerous ascribed healthbeneficial attributes (e.g. antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and tumor-suppressing properties). Some polyphenols can also be used as natural dyes or plastic precursors. Notwithstanding their relevance, production of most of these compounds still relies on extraction from plant material, which for most of it is a costly and an inefficient procedure. The use of microbial cell factories for this purpose is an emerging alternative that could allow a more efficient and sustainable production. The most recent advances in molecular biology and genetic engineering, combined with the ever-growing understanding of microbial physiology have led to multiple success stories. Production of multiple polyphenolic compounds or their direct precursors has been achieved not only in the common production hosts, such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but also in Corynebacterium glutamicum and Lactococcus lactis. However, boosting production of native compounds or introduction of heterologous biosynthetic pathways also brings certain challenges, such as the need to express, balance and maintain efficient precursor supply. This review will discuss the most recent advances in the field of metabolic engineering of microorganisms for polyphenol biosynthesis and its future perspectives, as well as outlines their potential health benefits and current production methods.
Dudnik Alexey *, Gaspar Paula , Neves Rute Ana and Forster Jochen , Engineering of Microbial Cell Factories for the Production of Plant Polyphenols with Health-Beneficial Properties, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2018; 24(19) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180515152049


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Робърт Силвърбърг () e американски писател, познат с научната си фантастика, многократен лауреат на наградите Хюго и Небюла.

Биография и творчество
Робърт Силвърбърг е роден на 15 януари 1935 г. в Бруклин, Ню Йорк, САЩ.

Ненаситен читател от дете, започва да изпраща разкази в научно-фантастични списания в още годините на ранното си юношество. Следва в Колумбийския университет и получава бакалавърска степен по английска литература през 1956 г., но продължава да пише научна фантастика.

Първият му публикуван роман, детска книга със заглавие "Revolt on Alpha C", излиза през 1955 г. и през следващата година той спечелва първата си награда Хюго за "най-добър нов писател". През следващите четири години по негови собствени пресмятания той пише по един милион думи на година за списания и Ace Doubles.

През 1959 г. пазарът за научна фантастика рухва и Силвърбърг насочва своята способност да пише плодовито към други области – от подплатени с мащабни проучвания историко-популярни книги до софт порно романи за Nightstand Books.

В средата на 60-те години на XX в. литературните амбиции на авторите на научна фантастика започват да нарастват и Фредерик Пол, редактор по онова време на три списания за научна фантастика, дава на Силвърбърг карт бланш да пише за тях. Получил това вдъхновение, Силвърбърг започва отново да пише, като обръща повече внимание на дълбочината на характерите и социалното обкръжение, отколкото в миналото, и използва елементи от модернистичната литература, която е учил в Колумбия.

Книгите, които пише по това време, са признати за качествен скок в сравнение с по-ранните му работи. Може би първото произведение на новия Силвърбърг е "Да отвориш небето" (To Open the Sky) – антология от разкази, публикувани от Фредерик Пол в Галъкси, в който една нова религия помага на хората да стигнат до звездите. Тя е последвана от "Надолу към Земята" (Downward to Earth), може би първата постколониална научно-фантастична книга, книга с отзвуци от Джоузеф Конрад, в която бивш земен администратор на един чужд свят се завръща в него след освобождаването му. Други известни и одобрени от критиката работи от това време са "Да живееш отново" (To Live Again), в която личностите на умрелите могат да се прехвърлят в други тела; "Светът вътре" (The World Inside) – поглед към едно пренаселено бъдеще и "Да умираш отвътре" (Dying Inside), излязла на български като "То умира в мен" – потресаваща история за един телепат, който постепенно загубва способностите си.

През 1969 г. неговата "Нощни крила" (Nightwings) печели награда Хюго за най-добър роман. Той печели Небюла през 1970 г. за разказа "Пътници" (Passengers) и две през следващата година – за романа си "Време на промени" (Time of Changes) и разказа "Добри новини от Ватикана" (Good News from the Vatican) и още една през 1975 г. за новелата си "Роден с мъртвите" (Born with the Dead). През 1970 г. е почетен гост на Световния конгрес по научна фантастика.

Силвърбърг е изморен след години висока продуктивност и силен стрес вследствие заболяване на щитовидната жлеза и голям пожар в дома му. Той се мести от родния си Ню Йорк на Западния бряг през 1972 г. и обявява, че повече няма да пише, през 1975 г. Но през 1980 г. се завръща със "Замъкът на лорд Валънтайн" (Lord Valentine's Castle), мащабно разгърнато приключение, развиващо се на друга планета, което става основа на серия, и оттогава не престава да пише.

Произведения

Самостоятелни романи

Серия "Нидориан" (Nidorian) – като Робърт Рандал
 The Shrouded Planet (1957)
 The Dawning Light (1959)

Серия "Маджипур" (Majipoor: Lord Valentine)
 Lord Valentine's Castle (1980)Замъкът на лорд Валънтайн, изд.: "Георги Бакалов", Варна (1987), прев. Борис МиндовЗамъкът на лорд Валънтайн, изд.: "Камея", София (1997), прев. Владимир ГермановЗамъкът на лорд Валънтайн, изд.: "Бард", София (2014), прев. Борис Миндов
 Majipoor Chronicles (1982)Маджипурски хроники, изд.: "Бард", София (2014), прев. Владимир Германов, Роза Григорова
 Valentine Pontifex (1983)Валънтайн Понтифекс, изд.: "Бард", София (2014), прев. Владимир Германов, Роза Григорова
 The Mountains of Majipoor (1995)

Серия "Нова пролет" (New Springtime)
 At Winter's End (1988)
 The Queen of Springtime (1989)

Серия "Огън през зимата" (Fire in Winter) – с Карън Харбър
 The Mutant Season (1989)

Серия "Маджипур: Лорд Престаймиън" (Majipoor: Lord Prestimion)
 Sorcerers of Majipoor (1997)
 Lord Prestimion (1999)
 The King of Dreams (2001)
 Tales of Majipoor (2013)

Източници

  Биография и библиография във "Fantasticfiction"

Външни препратки
  на Робърт Силвърбърг

Американски романисти
Американски писатели фантасти
Писатели на алтернативна история
Носители на награда Хюго
Носители на награда "Небюла"
Колумбийски университет
Родени в Ню Йорк

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


MONTRÉAL, QUÉBEC - Dec. 19, 2017 - Yorbeau Resources Inc. (TSX:YRB) (the "Company" or "Yorbeau") is pleased to announce that it has filed on SEDAR a Technical Report in compliance with National Instrument 43-101 (NI 43-101) on a Preliminary Economic Assessment ("PEA") of the Company's 100% owned Scott Lake Project near Chibougamau, Quebec. The Technical Report was prepared by Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. ("RPA").
Under the base case PEA, the Scott Lake mineralized material is fed to a new 2,500 tonne-per-day concentrator plant located at the mine site. Results indicate positive economics with a pre-production capital expenditure of $215 million, a net pre-tax cash flow of $519 million, an Internal Rate of Return ("IRR") of 16.6%, a pre-tax Net Present Value ("NPV") of $146 million at an 8% discount rate, and a mine life of 15 years.
The PEA economic analysis is based in part on Inferred Mineral Resources, and is preliminary in nature. Inferred Mineral Resources are considered too geologically speculative to have mining and economic considerations applied to them and to be categorized as Mineral Reserves. There is no certainty the economic forecasts based on this PEA will be realized.
Yorbeau's news release dated November 20, 2017 summarizes the assumptions and key results contained in the Technical Report. There are no material differences between the key results contained in Yorbeau's news release dated November 20, 2017 pertaining to the Scott Lake deposit, from those contained in the Technical Report filed today. Economic analysis in the Technical Report includes both pre-tax and after-tax results.
Work at Yorbeau is carried out under the supervision of Gérald Riverin, PhD, P. Geo. He is a qualified person (as defined by NI 43-101) and has reviewed and approved the content of this release. The Technical Report and PEA referred to in this press were prepared by William E. Roscoe, Ph.D., P.Eng. and Normand Lécuyer, P.Eng. Both are employees of RPA and are independent of Yorbeau. By virtue of their education and relevant experience, they are "Qualified Persons" for the purpose of National Instrument 43-101. William E. Roscoe and Normand Lécuyer have read and approved the contents of this press release as it pertains to the disclosed mining, milling and cost estimate aspects.
The Company's 100% controlled Rouyn Property contains four known gold deposits in the 6-km-long Augmitto-Astoria corridor situated on the western half of the property. Two of the four deposits, Astoria and Augmitto, have substantial underground infrastructure and have been the subject of NI 43-101 technical reports that include resource estimates. In 2015, the Company expanded its exploration property portfolio by acquiring strategic base metal properties in prospective areas of the Abitibi Belt of Quebec and Ontario that also feature infrastructure favourable for mining development. The newly acquired base metal properties include Scott Lake which hosts important mineral resources and on which a positive Preliminary Economic Assessment was recently completed.


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Stars capitalize on buyouts, emerge with Perry and Sekera – plus notes on Pavelski, Hartman
By Sean Shapiro Jul 1, 2019 57
The Dallas Stars are taking advantage of the buyout bargain bin.
After making a big splash and signing Joe Pavelski to a three-year, $21 million contract, the Stars added two veteran whose teams just finished buying them out: forward Corey Perry and defenseman Andrej Sekera. Both come to Dallas on cheap, incentive-laden contracts.
Perry was bought out on June 19 and will be paid $8 million over the next four seasons by Anaheim. Sekera was bought out on Sunday and will collect $6 million from the Oilers during the same timeframe.
Both players will make a base salary of $1.5 million in Dallas. Perry can make up to $1.75 million in bonuses, while Sekera would be in line for an additional $500,000 if he qualifies for every bonus.
According to Stars general manager Jim Nill, the bonuses are based on games played and playoff success. If Perry and Sekera hit those goals, the Stars would be more than happy about the additional expenditure.
While...


Recently, I was working on a support incident where the customer have modified 837I HIPPA schema by adding a child node under DTP segment. But, while we tried to validate an instance against the schema at both design time and run time, we will get error "Object reference not set to an instance of an object".
Below is the error thrown by EDIReceive pipeline at run time.
Fatal error encountered in EDI Disassembler, error information is Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
The issue would not happen if we were using the default 837I HIPPA schema which comes out of the box with BizTalk. Now, it means that something going wrong with the node which we have added to schema and the error is also of not much help here. Also, if we remove the data from the input instance corresponding to the node added in the schema, it would get successfully parse.
After we did a thorough examination of schema (all thanks to Farida for this), we found that the child node added under DTP segment in the schema was missing the HIPPA Schema Trigger Field Annotations. First learn what are HIPPA Schema Trigger Field Annotations, for that click here. Here it was happening that, for DTP segment, we had other default child nodes which have got their Trigger Field Annotations specifying what their qualifier values (or trigger values) are. Now when the EDI Disassembler encounters DTP segment followed by the qualifier value, it should be able to resolve it to the corresponding XML child node under DTP segment. But when it encountered DTP segment for the child node added to the schema, it was not able to resolve the qualifier value to any node since there is no child node matching that qualifier value and hence the error.
Once we added the Trigger Field Annotations to the node added manually, it resolved the error. Note that, for adding the trigger info, we have to open the schema in a text editor.


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R&D CREDIT
ERC CREDIT
State Tax Breaks (Colorado as an Example)
by Tanya Travers | Aug 9, 2022 | Hot Topics
Various states offer incentives and tax breaks to businesses. Practically every state has something and these breaks are not necessarily related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many predate it by quite some time. One thing they all seem to have in common is complexity; there are lots of strings attached.
These requirements range from geographic to type of business and they are different program to program and state to state. An instructive example is Colorado, which has a plethora of incentive programs. This example only covers part of Colorado (geography limits benefits right off the bat!). Some of these are statewide while others are focused on the seven county Metro Denver area and two counties in Northern Colorado.
The incentives include (but are not limited to):
Job Growth Tax Incentive
This is an incentive for companies that create jobs. Qualifying businesses receive a state income tax credit equivalent to 50 percent of FICA paid (a U.S. federal payroll tax).
Enterprise Zone Tax Credits
Enterprise Zones exist in many states and cities. They provide incentives to businesses that move to and operate in economically challenged areas.
Manufacturing Sales and Use Tax Exemption
In Colorado, they encourage manufacturers by providing an exemption to state sales and use taxes for the purchase of machine tools, manufacturing equipment and parts used in upkeep of these. Many other states offer similar exemptions (or other incentives).These vary wildly from state to state and even city to city. The details can impact where a company should decide to locate its facilities.
Sales Tax Exemption on Components for Production of Energy from Renewable Energy Sources
If your company uses renewable energy sources Colorado and many other states offer incentives, like sales tax exemption. Each state, or other location, will have different rules and requirements.
In addition to these four possibilities in the Denver Metro Area (plus two Northern counties) there are the Advanced Industry Investment Tax Credit, Strategic Fund Incentive and Job Training Grant Programs. Each of these have complicated requirements and aims.
Keep in mind Colorado is being used here as an example. Different states have different rules and opportunities. There are many options for businesses to save money via government programs all over The USA. These programs also aim to not only help businesses but help distressed communities and foster job growth. These state and local opportunities may impact whether it is viable for a company to move to or stay in a given state. These incentives are also quite elaborate in their requirements. Large corporations can have a team work out a deal specific to their needs but smaller businesses have to work with what is available to all. Hito LLC provides expertise in various tax incentives and can help businesses move through the maze of requirements to take advantage of state incentives and tax breaks.
Contact us at michelle@hitollc.com for a free consultation.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) Has Undergone Revisions; Are More Coming?
The Alternative Fuel Tax Has Been Extended; Does Your Business Qualify?
California Competes
The CHIPS Act: What's It All About?
Explaining the R&D Tax Credit
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Jonnie Hallman from DestroyTwitter fame and recently employed by Adobe XD team, wrote a great article about how he reduced CPU usage in his AIR application.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged @seymour-feed-external, AIR, How-to by Michelle Perkins. Bookmark the permalink.


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This New Drug Made By AstraZeneca Claims To Reduce Severe COVID-19 Risk By 50 Percent
Rameesha Sajwar
FILE PHOTO: The logo for AstraZeneca is seen outside its North America headquarters in Wilmington, Delaware, U.S., March 22, 2021. REUTERS/Rachel Wisniewski
AstraZeneca's antibody-drug has reduced the possibility of intense COVID-19 by at least 50 percent in a study, the company announced last week.
The injection is named AZD7442 and has two different antibodies that are made from the blood of people who have had contracted COVID-19. It is the first drug that prevents and treats COVID-19 in late-stage trials as said in a press release by the company.
The company has already requested Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to use AZD7442 for preventing covid-19.
The results come after Merck, the US pharmaceutical company, said on Monday it would ask the FDA to authorize its oral COVID-19 pill, which halved the risk of hospitalization or death in a trial.
There was a TACKLE trial that showed the risk of severe COVID-19 or death was reduced by half if people took the drug within seven days of COVID-19 symptoms. 407 people got the drug and 18 developed severe COVID-19 or died as compared with 37 of 415 people who got a saline injection.
If AZD7442 was given within five days of symptoms, the chances of severe COVID-19 were slashed by 67 percent, the company said. 9 of 253 participants in the AZD7442 group got severe COVID-19 or died, compared with 27 out of 251 in the placebo group.
The drug was tested on 822 adults with mild to moderate COVID-19 in 13 countries, which had the US and UK, it said. No significant side effects were recorded.
Mene Pangalos, executive vice president at AstraZeneca, said in a statement that "early intervention with our antibody can give a significant reduction in progression to severe disease, with continued protection for more than six months".
Penny Ward, visiting professor in pharmaceutical medicine at Kings College, London, said in a statement that long-lasting protection, up to 12 months, maybe "a useful addition for immune-suppressed individuals whose response to vaccination is suboptimal".
People that volunteered to be part of the trial were mostly suffering from diseases cancer, diabetes, obesity, chronic lung disease or asthma, cardiovascular disease, or immunosuppression, and 13 percent were aged over 65, AstraZeneca said.
This drug does not interfere with the other medications being administered into the system. This "may potentially make administration simpler for these patients," she said.
Categories: BioMedical
Tags: AstraZeneca, astrazeneca drug, covid 19 pandemic, covid-19, FDA
These Bioengineers Have Modeled The World's Most Basic Synthetic Life Form
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Check If You Have Bad Breath With This Inexpensive Sensor


Generating 136 megawatts of clean, renewable electricity; enough to power about 44,000 homes.
With a diverse mix of clean, carbon-free generation resources, our portfolio mirrors our commitment to meeting California's greenhouse gas emission limits and climate change goals.
Our greenhouse gas and carbon-free generation portfolio consists of both large and small hydro facilities, a large wind farm along the Columbia River in Washington, an agreement to purchase a portion of the output from the Rosamond Solar Site- the largest solar field in the nation, and an interest in a geothermal plant in Sonoma County.
Additionally, our policies towards customer adoption and installation of solar generation on their homes and properties facilitated a large number of system installations making us the first publicly owned utility in California to reach the state's goal for net energy metering. Since reaching that goal, we've introduced new net metering rates and continue to see healthy adoption of solar generation by our customers and continued growth in solar installations.
We're continually looking for green energy generation opportunities and evaluating new and emerging renewable power technologies to add to our already robust portfolio in order to meet the state's ever-increasing demand for renewable energy.
The economics of renewable generation are continuing to evolve and technologies emerge rapidly making it necessary for us to constantly re-evaluate our green energy portfolio looking for new and economically viable options. We're committed to meeting the state's GHG and carbon-free generation goals but, in order to fully comply we must continue to search for new economically viable opportunities.
We acknowledge the public's desire for utilities to be as environmentally sensitive as possible and the concept of generating power exclusively from renewable sources is an attractive one. However, we have to balance the demands of the state and the public's desire for a fully renewable portfolio with the needs of our customers; and their ability to afford it.


Sheehan, Darrell C. "The Japanese Intelligence Community." National Security Studies Quarterly 11, no. 1 (Winter 1996): 59- 67.
R. D'A. Henderson comments: "Quite a good assessment of the Japanese intelligence community -- as of the date published!"
Sheehan, Michael. International Security: An Analytical Survey. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2005.
Fedyszyn, NWCR 59.1 (Winter 2006), says that the author "offers thoughtful commentary on how contemporary scholars should take into account new forces in international relations that demand broader thinking on 'security.'" However, "many of his observations and conclusions are both obvious and repetitive.... While the book has an academic tone and is well footnoted, it remains readily digestible for the layman."
1. "Order by Johnson Reported Ending CIA Student Aid." New York Times, 15 Feb. 1967, 1.
President Johnson orders end to CIA subsidies to National Student Association and other student groups.
2. "A Student Group Concedes It Took Aid from CIA." New York Times, 14 Feb. 1967, 1.
In wake of the Ramparts article, National Student Association President Eugene Groves acknowledges that the organization had been subsidized by the CIA.
Sheenan, Margaret. Our Man in Malaya: John Davis, CBE, DSO, SOE Force 136 and Postwar Counter-insurgency. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2009.
From publisher: When the Japanese invaded Malaya, "Davis switched from the Federated Malay States Police to the intelligence world, where he planned the infiltration of Chinese intelligence agents and British officers into the Malayan peninsula." He also "became an iconic figure in Malaya's colonial history when during the Communist Emergency he confronted Chin Peng, leader of the Communist Party."
Sheikh, Danish. Locating India's Intelligence Agencies in a Democratic Framework. New Delhi: KW Publishers, 2011.
According to Peake, Studies 56.4 (Dec. 2012) and Intelligencer 19.3 (Winter-Spring 2013), the author argues that India's three intelligence agencies, which function without a statutory charter, should be put under parliamentary oversight.
These are Senator Shelby's "additional views" on the joint House-Senate committee report on the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Shelby served 4 1/2 years as SSCI chairman and 1 1/2 years as vice chairman. Here he states: "Long before the September 11 attacks, I made no secret of my feelings of disappointment in the U.S. Intelligence Community for its performance in a string of smaller-scale intelligence failures during the last decade. Since September 11 I have similarly hid from no one my belief that the Intelligence Community does not have the decisive and innovative leadership it needs to reform itself and to adapt to the formidable challenges of the 21st century."
Sheldon-Duplaix, Charles. "French Naval Intelligence during the Second Empire: Charles Pigeard's Reporting on British and American Shipbuilding (1856-1869)." Mariner's Mirror 94, no. 4 (2008): 406-419.
Shelfer, Katherine M., and June M. Verner, "Improving Counterterrorism Analysis: Using Scenarios to Support the Development and Use of Integrated Information Systems." Defense Intelligence Journal 11, no. 1 (Winter 2002): 55-70.
The authors discuss "the need for the development of integrated civilian and military information systems, especially lessons-learned databases." They emphasize "the potential value of using scenarios to support better design and more effective use of such integrated databases."
Shenon, Philip - A - G [New York Times].
Shenon, Philip - H - Z [New York Times].
Sheridan, Mary Beth (Washington Post).
The Assad regime has placed Ali Mamlouk, head of Syria's National Security Bureau, "under house arrest after suspecting he was plotting a coup." He "was accused of holding secret talks with countries backing rebel groups and exiled members of the Syrian regime. Prior to Mamlouk's arrest, the Syrian intelligence agencies were "in turmoil.... Last month, Rustum Ghazaleh, the head of the Political Security Directorate, died in hospital after he was physically attacked by men loyal to General Rafiq Shehadeh, his opposite number in military intelligence, who was in turn sacked."
Sherman, William H. "Research Intelligence in Early Modern England." Studies in Intelligence 37, no. 5 (1994): 95-104.
This is an interesting -- if highly speculative -- read, connecting OSS's R&A Branch to Elizabethian England.
Sherr, James. "Cultures of Spying." National Interest, Winter 1994-1995, 56-62.
This potpourri gets off to a bad start, when the author states that "[d]uring the Second World War, the CIA's precursor, the OSS, mounted a vast cryptographic effort against Germany and Japan." This reader almost gave up on the article at this point. Nonetheless, Sherr makes several interesting observations, connected loosely by the argument that America needs to reexamine its cultural assumptions. One such observation is that Americans have "too much complacency in the view that technology, the weapon of the rich, will always prevail against resourcefulness and guile, the weapons of the poor."
Sherry, Norman. The Life of Graham Greene, Volume II: 1939-1955. New York: Viking/Penguin, 1995.
Surveillant 4.3: "This is Sherry's second volume [of three] on the life of MI6 officer and author Graham Greene, focusing on the time in Greene's life when he was writing novels as 'cover,' traveling, and engaging in espionage."
According to former CIA officials, "America's spy network in Iran was exposed more than 10 years ago and about 50 of its local agents were executed or jailed in a devastating setback for United States intelligence operations in the Islamic state. The Iranian agents, who included senior military officers, had been relaying information to their handlers at the CIA's office in Frankfurt, using messages written in invisible ink on the back of letters posted from Iran."
"Britain and the US are facing unprecedented legal and political challenges from their European allies" over the "secret Anglophone spy network" codenamed Echelon.
1. "The Atomic Bomb and the Origins of the Cold War." American Historical Review, Oct. 1973.
2. "Old Issues in New Editions." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Dec. 1985, 40-44.
3. A World Destroyed: The Atomic Bomb and the Grand Alliance. New York: 1975.
4. "Hiroshima and Modern Memory." The Nation, 10 Oct. 1981, 329, 349-353.