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The Yin and Yang of High-Performance Marketing
David Dodd
Marketing success in 2023 and beyond will depend on marketers' ability to leverage the capabilities of technology and data science and to effectively apply the principles of behavioral science that describe how people make decisions. These two distinct, but complementary, abilities now constitute the yin and yang of high-performance marketing.
Yin and yang are the terms used in Chinese philosophy to describe a pair of forces or attributes that appear to be opposites, but in fact are complementary and interdependent. The basic idea is that both yin and yang are necessary to create wholeness.
Management thought leaders have applied the yin-yang concept to a variety of situations where business leaders need to pursue objectives that, at first glance, seem to be contradictory.
For example, should business leaders try to develop game-changing business strategies, or should they strive for operational excellence? Should they focus on maximizing short-term profits, or invest in capabilities that promise to create long-term value? In both cases, the greatest success can be achieved by refusing to choose between the alternatives and instead pursue both objectives simultaneously.
In their 1994 best-seller, Built to Last, Jim Collins and Jerry Porras argued that the most successful companies refuse to be constrained by the "Tyranny of the OR" and instead embrace the "Genius of the AND." Instead of choosing between A or B, these companies find a way to have both A and B.
The yin-yang concept can also be applied to several issues in marketing. For example, a yin-yang approach would have B2B marketers focus on building a strong brand and on running effective demand generation marketing programs. On both customer retention and new customer acquisition.
Today, the most compelling case for yin-yang in marketing is the need for marketers to be adept at using the capabilities of technology and data science and to excel at applying the principles of behavioral science that relate to human decision making.
The Yin - Technology and Data Science
It's been crystal clear for several years that marketing and technology have become deeply entwined and that the role of technology in marketing has been growing at an exponential rate.
The inaugural (2011) version of Scott Brinker's marketing technology landscape graphic contained about 150 solution providers. The 2022 version of the graphic included nearly 10,000 technology solutions. So, the marketing technology universe has grown by an astounding 6,521% since 2011.
Data science has also become an integral aspect of marketing at many companies. In the September 2022 edition of The CMO Survey, respondents reported spending 8.9% (mean) of their marketing budget on analytics, a decade-long all-time high. And respondents predicted that spending on marketing analytics will grow by 63% in three years.
The growing use of artificial intelligence will only deepen the connection between marketing and technology/data science. In surveys conducted last year by McKinsey, 50% of the respondents said their organizations have adopted AI in at least one business function, up from 20% in 2017. And of the ten most commonly adopted AI use cases identified by survey respondents, three were marketing and sales use cases.
There's no doubt that technology and data science have greatly enhanced the practice of marketing. In fact, some marketing thought leaders envision a not-too-distant future where computer algorithms direct many aspects of marketing without human intervention.
But it's important for marketers to remember that technology and data science alone aren't sufficient to consistently produce superior marketing results. To achieve consistent success, marketers must also leverage the psychological aspects of human decision making. Technology and data science are the yin of high-performance marketing, but the yang is grounded in the principles of behavioral science.
The Yang - Behavioral Science
For decades, economists assumed that humans make economic and business decisions rationally. According to standard economic theory, they weigh the economic costs and benefits of their decisions, and they usually act to maximize their economic self interest.
It's now clear that human decision making is actually a mix of rational and non-rational components. The recognition of this fact began to emerge in the 1950's when behavioral scientists started challenging the concept of human rationality. In the late 1970's, psychologists Daniel Kahneman (who later won the Nobel Prize for economics) and Amos Tversky published several scientific papers that contradicted the rational view of human nature.
The work of Kahneman and Tversky pioneered a new behavioral science discipline that later came to be called behavioral economics. In 2008, two books - Predictably Irrational by Dan Ariely and Nudge by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein - raised popular awareness of behavioral economics and put it on the radar screens of business and marketing leaders.
In reality, marketers have been using principles of behavioral economics for years, albeit largely unwittingly. A 2010 article in McKinsey Quarterly put it this way: "Long before behavioral economics had a name, marketers were using it. 'Three for the price of two' offers and extended-payment layaway plans became widespread because they worked - not because marketers had run scientific studies . . ."
The key point here is that the influence of psychological factors on buying decisions is now widely recognized, so principles of the behavioral sciences play a vital role in effective marketing. Behavioral science principles are also a necessary component of high-performance marketing because, for all of the power and sophistication of technology and data science, they have some important "blind spots."
One significant limitation is that technology and data science rely almost exclusively on behavioral data - the digital footprints we leave behind as we use digital devices and channels to consume and exchange information.
The issue with behavioral data is they they tell us what someone has done (and often when and where he or she did it), but they don't tell us why someone took a particular action or behaved in a particular way. In most cases, behavioral data reveal little about customer attitudes and motivations, and these factors exert a huge influence on buying decisions.
Technology/data science and behavioral science are the essential yin and yang of high-performance marketing, and leveraging both will be critical to marketing success in 2023 and beyond. Therefore, I'll be devoting several posts this year to specific aspects of these important topics.
Illustration courtesy of DonkeyHotey via Flickr (CC).
Categories: Blog • Digital Marketing • Marketing Technology
Point Balance
David Dodd is a B2B business and marketing strategist, author, and marketing content developer. He works with companies to develop and implement marketing strategies and programs that use compelling content to convert prospects into buyers.

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Fantastic Routes
by admin · November 26, 2019
Valencia is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third-largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5–1.6 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million depending on how the metropolitan area is defined. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. The city is ranked at Gamma+ in the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Valencia is integrated into an industrial area on the Costa del Azahar (Orange Blossom Coast).
Valencia was founded as a Roman colony by the consul Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus in 138 BC, and called Valentia Edetanorum. In 714 Moroccan and Arab Moors occupied the city, introducing their language, religion and customs; they implemented improved irrigation systems and the cultivation of new crops as well, being capital of the Taifa of Valencia. In 1238 the Christian king James I of Aragon reconquered the city and divided the land among the nobles who helped him conquer it, as witnessed in the Llibre del Repartiment. He also created a new law for the city, the Furs of Valencia, which were extended to the rest of the Kingdom of Valencia. In the 18th century Philip V of Spain abolished the privileges as punishment to the kingdom of Valencia for aligning with the Habsburg side in the War of the Spanish Succession. Valencia was the capital of Spain when Joseph Bonaparte moved the Court there in the summer of 1812. It also served as capital between 1936 and 1937, during the Second Spanish Republic.
The city is situated on the banks of the Turia, on the east coast of the Iberian Peninsula, fronting the Gulf of Valencia on the Mediterranean Sea. Its historic centre is one of the largest in Spain, with approximately 169 ha (420 acres); this heritage of ancient monuments, views and cultural attractions makes Valencia one of the country's most popular tourist destinations.
Due to its long history, this is a city with numerous popular celebrations and traditions, such as the Fallas (featuring the traditional Spanish dish paella), which were declared as Fiestas of National Tourist Interest of Spain in 1965 and Intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in November 2016.
In 2015, Joan Ribó, from Coalició Compromís, became mayor.
The original Latin name of the city was Valentia (IPA: [waˈlentia]), meaning "strength", or "valour", the city being named according to the Roman practice of recognising the valour of former Roman soldiers after a war. The Roman historian Livy explains that the founding of Valentia in the 2nd century BC was due to the settling of the Roman soldiers who fought against an Iberian rebel, Viriatus.
During the rule of the Muslim kingdoms in Spain, it had the nickname Medina bu-Tarab ('City of Joy') according to one transliteration, or Medina at-Turab ('City of Sands') according to another, since it was located on the banks of the River Turia. It is not clear if the term Balansiyya was reserved for the entire Taifa of Valencia or also designated the city.
By gradual sound changes, Valentia has become Valencia in Castilian and València in Valencian. In Valencian, the grave accent contrasts with the acute accent , but the word València is an exception to this rule. It is spelled according to Catalan etymology, though its pronunciation is closer to Vulgar Latin.
Geography & Climate
Valencia stands on the banks of the Turia River, located on the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula and the western part of the Mediterranean Sea, fronting the Gulf of Valencia. At its founding by the Romans, it stood on a river island in the Turia, 6.4 kilometres (4.0 mi) from the sea. The Albufera, a freshwater lagoon and estuary about 11 km (7 mi) south of the city, is one of the largest lakes in Spain. The City Council bought the lake from the Crown of Spain for 1,072,980 pesetas in 1911, and today it forms the main portion of the Parc Natural de l'Albufera (Albufera Nature Reserve), with a surface area of 21,120 hectares (52,200 acres). In 1976, because of its cultural, historical, and ecological value, the Generalitat Valenciana declared it a natural park.
Valencia has a subtropical Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa) with short, very mild winters and long, hot and dry summers.
Its average annual temperature is 18.4 °C (65.1 °F); 23.0 °C (73.4 °F) during the day and 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) at night. In the coldest month, January, the maximum temperature typically during the day ranges from 14 to 21 °C (57 to 70 °F), the minimum temperature typically at night ranges from 5 to 11 °C (41 to 52 °F). In the warmest month – August, the maximum temperature during the day typically ranges from 28–34 °C (82–93 °F), about 22 to 23 °C (72 to 73 °F) at night. Generally, similar temperatures to those experienced in the northern part of Europe in summer last about 8 months, from April to November. March is transitional, the temperature often exceeds 20 °C (68 °F), with an average temperature of 19.3 °C (66.7 °F) during the day and 10.0 °C (50.0 °F) at night. December, January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around 17 °C (63 °F) during the day and 8 °C (46 °F) at night. Valencia has one of the mildest winters in Europe, owing to its southern location on the Mediterranean Sea and the Foehn phenomenon. The January average is comparable to temperatures expected for May and September in the major cities of northern Europe.
Sunshine duration hours are 2,696 per year, from 155 (average nearly 5 hours of sunshine duration at day) in December to 315 (average above 10 hours of sunshine duration at day) in July. The average temperature of the sea is 15–16 °C (59–61 °F) during winters and 26–28 °C (79–82 °F) during summers. Average relative humidity is 60% in April to 68% in August.
Valencia enjoyed strong economic growth before the economic crisis of 2008, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry, with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 8.5% of the population employed in this sector. Growth has recently improved in the manufacturing sector, mainly automobile assembly; (The large factory of Ford Motor Company lies in a suburb of the city, Almussafes). Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3,973 ha (9,820 acres) planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.
Since the onset of the Great Recession (2008), Valencia had experienced a growing unemployment rate, increased government debt, etc. Severe spending cuts had been introduced by the city government.
In 2009, Valencia was designated "the 29th fastest-improving European city". Its influence in commerce, education, entertainment, media, fashion, science and the arts contributes to its status as one of the world's "Gamma"-rank global cities.
The Valencia metropolitan area had a GDP amounting to $52.7 billion, and $28,141 per capita.
Valencia's port is the biggest on the Mediterranean western coast, the first of Spain in container traffic as of 2008 and the second of Spain in total traffic, handling 20% of Spain's exports. The main exports are foodstuffs and beverages. Other exports include oranges, furniture, ceramic tiles, fans, textiles and iron products. Valencia's manufacturing sector focuses on metallurgy, chemicals, textiles, shipbuilding and brewing. Small and medium-sized industries are an important part of the local economy, and before the current crisis unemployment was lower than the Spanish average.
Valencia's port underwent radical changes to accommodate the 32nd America's Cup in 2007. It was divided into two parts—one was unchanged while the other section was modified for the America's Cup festivities. The two sections remain divided by a wall that projects far into the water to maintain clean water for the America's Cup side.
Public transport is provided by the Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana (FGV), which operates the Metrovalencia and other rail and bus services. The Estació del Nord (North Station) is the main railway terminus in Valencia. A new temporary station, Estació de València-Joaquín Sorolla, has been built on land adjacent to this terminus to accommodate high speed AVE trains to and from Madrid, Barcelona, Seville and Alicante. Valencia Airport is situated 9 km (5.6 mi) west of Valencia city centre. Alicante Airport is situated about 170 km (110 mi) south of Valencia.
The City of Valencia also makes available a bicycle sharing system named Valenbisi to both visitors and residents. As of 13 October 2012, the system has 2750 bikes distributed over 250 stations all throughout the city.
Valencia Public Transportation Statistics
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Valencia, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 44 min. 6% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 10 min, while 9% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 5.9 km, while 8% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.
Starting in the mid-1990s, Valencia, formerly an industrial centre, saw rapid development that expanded its cultural and tourism possibilities, and transformed it into a newly vibrant city. Many local landmarks were restored, including the ancient Towers of the medieval city (Serrans Towers and Quart Towers), and the Saint Miquel dels Reis monastery (es:Monasterio de San Miguel de los Reyes), which now holds a conservation library. Whole sections of the old city, for example the Carmen Quarter, have been extensively renovated. The Paseu Marítim, a 4 km (2 mi) long palm tree-lined promenade was constructed along the beaches of the north side of the port (Platja de Les Arenes, Platja del Cabanyal and Platja de la Malva-rosa).
The city has numerous convention centres and venues for trade events, among them the Feria Valencia Convention and Exhibition Centre (Institución Ferial de Valencia) and the Palau de congres (Conference Palace), and several 5-star hotels to accommodate business travelers.
In its long history, Valencia has acquired many local traditions and festivals, among them the Falles, which were declared Celebrations of International Tourist Interest (Festes de Interés Turístic Internacional) on 25 January 1965 and UNESCO's intangible cultural heritage of humanity list on 30 November 2016, and the Water Tribunal of Valencia (Tribunal de les Aigües de València), which was declared an intangible cultural heritage of humanity (Patrimoni Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanitat) in 2009. In addition to these Valencia has hosted world-class events that helped shape the city's reputation and put it in the international spotlight, e.g., the Regional Exhibition of 1909, the 32nd and the 33rd America's Cup competitions, the European Grand Prix of Formula One auto racing, the Valencia Open 500 tennis tournament, and the Global Champions Tour of equestrian sports. The final round of the MotoGP Championship is held annually at the Circuito de la Communitat Valenciana.
The 2007 America's Cup yachting races were held at Valencia in June and July 2007 and attracted huge crowds. The Louis Vuitton stage drew 1,044,373 visitors and the America's Cup match drew 466,010 visitors to the event.
The third largest city in Spain and the 24th most populous municipality in the European Union, Valencia has a population of 809,267 within its administrative limits on a land area of 134.6 km2 (52 sq mi). The urban area of Valencia extending beyond the administrative city limits has a population of between 1,561,000 and 1,564,145. 1,705,742 or 2,300,000 or 2,516,818 people live in the Valencia metropolitan area. Between 2007 and 2008 there was a 14% increase in the foreign born population with the largest numeric increases by country being from Bolivia, Romania and Italy. This growth in the foreign born population, which rose from 1.5% in the year 2000 to 9.1% in 2009, has also occurred in the two larger cities of Madrid and Barcelona. The main countries of origin were Romania, United Kingdom and Bulgaria.
Valencia is known internationally for the Falles (Les Falles), a local festival held in March, as well as for paella valenciana, traditional Valencian ceramics, craftsmanship in traditional dress, and the architecture of the City of Arts and Sciences, designed by Santiago Calatrava and Félix Candela.
La Tomatina, an annual tomato fight, draws crowds to the nearby town of Buñol in August. There are also a number of well-preserved traditional Catholic festivities throughout the year. Holy Week celebrations in Valencia are considered some of the most colourful in Spain.
Valencia was once the site of the Formula One European Grand Prix, first hosting the event on 24 August 2008, but was dropped at the beginning of the Grand Prix 2013 season, though still holds the annual Moto GP race at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo, usually that last race of the season in November.
The University of Valencia (officially Universitat de València Estudi General) was founded in 1499, being one of the oldest surviving universities in Spain and the oldest university in the Valencian Community. It was listed as one of the four leading Spanish universities in the 2011 Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities.
In 2012, Boston's Berklee College of Music opened a satellite campus at the Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia, its first and only international campus outside the U.S. Since 2003, Valencia also hosts the music courses of Musikeon, the leading musical institution in the Spanish-speaking world.
Valencia is a bilingual city: Valencian and Spanish are the two official languages. Spanish is official in all of Spain, whereas Valencian is official in the Valencian Community. Despite distinct dialectal traits and political tension between Catalonia and Valencia, Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible and considered two varieties of the same language.
Valencian has been historically de-emphasised in favour of Spanish. The effects have been more noticeable in the city proper, whereas the language has remained active in the rural and metropolitan areas. After the Castille-Aragon unification, a Spanish-speaking elite established itself in the city. In more recent history, the establishment of Franco's military and administrative apparatus in Valencia further excluded Valencian from public life. Valencian recovered its official status, prestige and use in education after the transition to democracy in 1978. However, due to industrialisation in recent decades, Valencia has attracted immigration from other regions in Spain, and hence there is also a demographic factor for its declining social use. Due to a combination of these reasons, Valencia has become the bastion of anti-Catalan blaverism, which celebrates Valencian as merely folkloric, but rejects the existing standard which was adapted from Catalan orthography.
Spanish is currently the predominant language in the city proper but, thanks to the education system, most Valencians have basic knowledge of both Spanish and Valencian, and either can be used in the city. Valencia is therefore the second biggest Catalan-speaking city after Barcelona. Institutional buildings and streets are named in Valencian. The city is also home to many pro-Valencian political and civil organisations. Furthermore, education entirely in Valencian is offered in more than 70 state-owned schools in the city, as well as by the University of Valencia across all disciplines.
Valencia is famous for its gastronomic culture. The paella (a simmered rice dish with meat (usually chicken or rabbit) or seafood) was born in Valencia; Other traditional dishes of Valencian gastronomy includes "fideuà", "arròs a banda", "arròs negre" (black rice), "fartons", "bunyols", the Spanish omelette, "pinchos" and "calamares"(squids).
Valencia was also the birthplace of the cold xufa beverage known as orxata, popular in many parts of the world, including the Americas.
Falles of Valencia
Every year, the five days and nights from March 15 to March 19, called Falles, are a continual festival in Valencia; beginning on March 1, the popular pyrotechnic events called mascletàes start every day at 2:00 pm. The Falles (Fallas in Spanish) is an enduring tradition in Valencia and other towns in the Valencian Community, where it has become an important tourist attraction. The festival began in the 18th century, and came to be celebrated on the night of the feast day of Saint Joseph, the patron saint of carpenters, with the burning of waste planks of wood from their workshops, as well as worn-out wooden objects brought by people in the neighborhood.
This tradition continued to evolve, and eventually the parots were dressed with clothing to look like people—these were the first ninots, with features identifiable as being those of a well-known person from the neighborhood often added as well. In 1901 the city inaugurated the awarding of prizes for the best Falles monuments, and neighborhood groups still vie with each other to make the most impressive and outrageous creations. Their intricate assemblages, placed on top of pedestals for better visibility, depict famous personalities and topical subjects of the past year, presenting humorous and often satirical commentary on them.
The 19th of March at night Valencians burn all the Falles in an event called "La Cremà".
Roman colony
Valencia is one of the oldest cities in Spain, founded in the Roman period, c. 138 BC, under the name "Valentia Edetanorum". A few centuries later, with the power vacuum left by the demise of the Roman imperial administration, the church assumed the reins of power in the city, coinciding with the first waves of the invading Germanic peoples (Suevi, Vandals and Alans, and later the Visigoths).
Muslim rule
The city surrendered to the invading Moors (Berbers and Arabs) about 714 AD, and the cathedral of Saint Vincent was turned into a mosque.
The Castilian nobleman Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, known as El Cid, in command of a combined Christian and Moorish army, besieged the city beginning in 1092. After the siege ended in May 1094, he ruled the city and its surrounding territory as his own fiefdom for five years from 15 June 1094 to July 1099.
The city remained in the hands of Christian troops until 1102, when the Almoravids retook the city and restored the Muslim religion. Alfonso VI of León and Castile, drove them from the city, but was unable to hold it. The Almoravid Masdali took possession on 5 May 1109, then the Almohads, seized control of it in 1171.
Many Jews lived in Valencia during early Muslim rule, including the accomplished Jewish poet Solomon ibn Gabirol, who spent his last years in the city. Jews continued to live in Valencia throughout the Almoravid and Almohad dynasties, many of them being artisans such as silversmiths, shoemakers, blacksmiths, locksmiths, etc.; a few were rabbinic scholars. When the city fell to James I of Aragon, the Jewish population of the city constituted about 7 percent of the population.
Christian reconquest
In 1238, King James I of Aragon, with an army composed of Aragonese, Catalans, Navarrese and crusaders from the Order of Calatrava, laid siege to Valencia and on 28 September obtained a surrender. Fifty thousand Moors were forced to leave.
The city endured serious troubles in the mid-14th century, including the decimation of the population by the Black Death of 1348 and subsequent years of epidemics — as well as a series of wars and riots that followed. In 1391, the Jewish quarter was destroyed.
The 15th century was a time of economic expansion, known as the Valencian Golden Age, in which culture and the arts flourished. Concurrent population growth made Valencia the most populous city in the Crown of Aragon.
Some of the most emblematic buildings of the city were built during this period, including the Serrans Towers (1392), the Silk Exchange (1482), the Micalet and the Chapel of the Kings of the Convent of Sant Domènec. In painting and sculpture, Flemish and Italian trends had an influence on Valencian artists.
Valencia rose to become one of the most influential cities on the Mediterranean in the 15th and 16th centuries, but following the discovery of the Americas, the Valencians, like the Catalans, Aragonese and Majorcans, were prohibited participation in the cross-Atlantic commerce, and with this loss of trade, Valencia eventually suffered an economic crisis.
The crisis deepened during the 17th century with the expulsion in 1609 of the Jews and the Moriscos, descendants of the Muslim population that had converted to Christianity. The Spanish government systematically forced Moriscos to leave the kingdom for Muslim North Africa. They were concentrated in the former Kingdom of Aragon, and in the Valencia area specifically, they were roughly a third of the total population. The expulsion caused the financial ruin of some of the nobility and the bankruptcy of the Taula de Canvi financial institution in 1613.
The decline of the city reached its nadir with the War of Spanish Succession (1702–1709), marking the end of the political and legal independence of the Kingdom of Valencia. During the War of the Spanish Succession, Valencia sided with the Habsburg ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, Charles of Austria. On 24 January 1706, Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough, 1st Earl of Monmouth, led a handful of English cavalrymen into the city after riding south from Barcelona, captured the nearby fortress at Sagunt, and bluffed the Spanish Bourbon army into withdrawal.
The English held the city for 16 months and defeated several attempts to expel them. After the victory of the Bourbons at the Battle of Almansa on 25 April 1707, the English army evacuated Valencia and Philip V ordered the repeal of the privileges of Valencia as punishment for the kingdom's support of Charles of Austria. By the Nueva Planta decrees (Decretos de Nueva Planta) the ancient Charters of Valencia were abolished and the city was governed by the Castilian Charter.
The Valencian economy recovered during the 18th century with the rising manufacture of woven silk and ceramic tiles. The Palau de Justícia is an example of the affluence manifested in the most prosperous times of Bourbon rule (1758–1802) during the rule of Charles III. The 18th century was the age of the Enlightenment in Europe, and its humanistic ideals influenced such men as Gregory Maians and Perez Bayer in Valencia, who maintained correspondence with the leading French and German thinkers of the time.
The 19th century began with Spain embroiled in wars with France, Portugal, and England—but the War of Independence most affected the Valencian territories and the capital city. The repercussions of the French Revolution were still felt when Napoleon's armies invaded the Iberian Peninsula. The Valencian people rose up in arms against them on 23 May 1808, inspired by leaders such as Vicent Doménech el Palleter.
The mutineers seized the Citadel, a Supreme Junta government took over, and on 26–28 June, Napoleon's Marshal Moncey attacked the city with a column of 9,000 French imperial troops in the First Battle of Valencia. He failed to take the city in two assaults and retreated to Madrid. Marshal Suchet began a long siege of the city in October 1811, and after intense bombardment forced it to surrender on 8 January 1812. After the capitulation, the French instituted reforms in Valencia, which became the capital of Spain when the Bonapartist pretender to the throne, José I (Joseph Bonaparte, Napoleon's elder brother), moved the Court there in the middle of 1812. The disaster of the Battle of Vitoria on 21 June 1813 obliged Suchet to quit Valencia, and the French troops withdrew in July.
Ferdinand VII became king after the victorious end of the Peninsular War, which freed Spain from Napoleonic domination. When he returned on 24 March 1814 from exile in France, the Cortes requested that he respect the liberal Constitution of 1812, which seriously limited royal powers. Ferdinand refused and went to Valencia instead of Madrid. Here, on 17 April, General Elio invited the King to reclaim his absolute rights and put his troops at the King's disposition. The king abolished the Constitution of 1812 and dissolved the two chambers of the Spanish Parliament on 10 May. Thus began six years (1814–1820) of absolutist rule, but the constitution was reinstated during the Trienio Liberal, a period of three years of liberal government in Spain from 1820–1823.
On the death of King Ferdinand VII in 1833, Baldomero Espartero became one of the most ardent defenders of the hereditary rights of the king's daughter, the future Isabella II. During the regency of Maria Cristina, Espartero ruled Spain for two years as its 18th Prime Minister from 16 September 1840 to 21 May 1841. City life in Valencia carried on in a revolutionary climate, with frequent clashes between liberals and republicans.
The reign of Isabella II as an adult (1843–1868) was a period of relative stability and growth for Valencia. During the second half of the 19th century the bourgeoisie encouraged the development of the city and its environs; land-owners were enriched by the introduction of the orange crop and the expansion of vineyards and other crops,. This economic boom corresponded with a revival of local traditions and of the Valencian language, which had been ruthlessly suppressed from the time of Philip V. Around 1870, the Valencian Renaissance, a movement committed to the revival of the Valencian language and traditions, began to gain ascendancy.
In the early 20th century Valencia was an industrialised city. The silk industry had disappeared, but there was a large production of hides and skins, wood, metals and foodstuffs, this last with substantial exports, particularly of wine and citrus. Small businesses predominated, but with the rapid mechanisation of industry larger companies were being formed. The best expression of this dynamic was in the regional exhibitions, including that of 1909 held next to the pedestrian avenue L'Albereda (Paseo de la Alameda), which depicted the progress of agriculture and industry. Among the most architecturally successful buildings of the era were those designed in the Art Nouveau style, such as the North Station (Estació del Nord) and the Central and Columbus markets.
World War I (1914–1918) greatly affected the Valencian economy, causing the collapse of its citrus exports. The Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939) opened the way for democratic participation and the increased politicisation of citizens, especially in response to the rise of Conservative Front power in 1933. The inevitable march to civil war and the combat in Madrid resulted in the removal of the capital of the Republic to Valencia.
On 6 November 1936, the city became the capital of Republican Spain. The city was heavily bombarded by air and sea, and by the end of the war the city had survived 442 bombardments, leaving 2,831 dead and 847 wounded, although it is estimated that the death toll was higher. The Republican government moved to Barcelona on 31 October of that year. On 30 March 1939, Valencia surrendered and the Nationalist troops entered the city. The postwar years were a time of hardship for Valencians. During Franco's regime speaking or teaching Valencian was prohibited; in a significant reversal it is now compulsory for every schoolchild in Valencia.
The dictatorship of Franco forbade political parties and began a harsh ideological and cultural repression countenanced and sometimes even led by the Church.
The economy began to recover in the early 1960s, and the city experienced explosive population growth through immigration spurred by the jobs created with the implementation of major urban projects and infrastructure improvements. With the advent of democracy in Spain, the ancient kingdom of Valencia was established as a new autonomous entity, the Valencian Community, the Statute of Autonomy of 1982 designating Valencia as its capital.
Valencia has since then experienced a surge in its cultural development, exemplified by exhibitions and performances at such iconic institutions as the Palau de la Música, the Palacio de Congresos, the Metro, the City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències), the Valencian Museum of Enlightenment and Modernity (Museo Valenciano de la Ilustracion y la Modernidad), and the Institute of Modern Art (Institut Valencià d'Art Modern). The various productions of Santiago Calatrava, a renowned structural engineer, architect, and sculptor and of the architect Félix Candela have contributed to Valencia's international reputation. These public works and the ongoing rehabilitation of the Old City (Ciutat Vella) have helped improve the city's livability and tourism is continually increasing.
On 9 July 2006, the World Day of Families, during Mass at Valencia's Cathedral, Our Lady of the Forsaken Basilica, Pope Benedict XVI used, the Sant Calze, a 1st-century Middle-Eastern artifact that some Catholics believe is the Holy Grail. It was supposedly brought to that church by Emperor Valerian in the 3rd century, after having been brought by St. Peter to Rome from Jerusalem. The Sant Calze (Holy Chalice) is a simple, small stone cup. Its base was added during the medieval period and consists of fine gold, alabaster and gem stones.
Valencia was selected in 2003 to host the historic America's Cup yacht race, the first European city ever to do so. The America's Cup matches took place from April to July 2007. On 3 July 2007, Alinghi defeated Team New Zealand to retain the America's Cup. Twenty-two days later, on 25 July 2007, the leaders of the Alinghi syndicate, holder of the America's Cup, officially announced that Valencia would be the host city for the 33rd America's Cup, held in June 2009.
In the Valencia City Council elections from 1991 to 2015 the City Council was governed by the People's Party of Spain (Partido Popular) (PP) and Mayor Rita Barberá Nolla who became mayor by a pact made with the Valencian Union.
Major monuments include Valencia Cathedral, the Torres de Serrans, the Torres de Quart (es:Torres de Quart), the Llotja de la Seda (declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1996), and the Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències (City of Arts and Sciences), an entertainment-based cultural and architectural complex designed by Santiago Calatrava and Félix Candela. The Museu de Belles Arts de València houses a large collection of paintings from the 14th to the 18th centuries, including works by Velázquez, El Greco, and Goya, as well as an important series of engravings by Piranesi. The Institut Valencià d'Art Modern (Valencian Institute of Modern Art) houses both permanent collections and temporary exhibitions of contemporary art and photography.
The ancient winding streets of the Barrio del Carmen contain buildings dating to Roman and Arabic times. The Cathedral, built between the 13th and 15th centuries, is primarily of Valencian Gothic style but contains elements of Baroque and Romanesque architecture. Beside the Cathedral is the Gothic Basilica of the Virgin (Basílica De La Mare de Déu dels Desamparats). The 15th-century Serrans and Quart towers are part of what was once the wall surrounding the city.
UNESCO has recognised the Silk Exchange market (La Llotja de la Seda), erected in early Valencian Gothic style, as a World Heritage Site. The Central Market (Mercat Central) in Valencian Art Nouveau style, is one of the largest in Europe. The main railway station Estació Del Nord is built in Valencian Art Nouveau (a Spanish version of Art Nouveau) style.
World-renowned (and city-born) architect Santiago Calatrava produced the futuristic City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències), which contains an opera house/performing arts centre, a science museum, an IMAX cinema/planetarium, an oceanographic park and other structures such as a long covered walkway and restaurants. Calatrava is also responsible for the bridge named after him in the centre of the city. The Music Palace (Palau De La Música) (es:Palacio de la Música de Valencia) is another noteworthy example of modern architecture in Valencia.
The Valencia Cathedral was called Iglesia Major in the early days of the Reconquista, then Iglesia de la Seu (Seu is from the Latin sedes, i.e., (archiepiscopal) See), and by virtue of the papal concession of 16 October 1866, it was called the Basilica Metropolitana. It is situated in the centre of the ancient Roman city where some believe the temple of Diana stood. In Gothic times, it seems to have been dedicated to the Holy Saviour; the Cid dedicated it to the Blessed Virgin; King James I of Aragon did likewise, leaving in the main chapel the image of the Blessed Virgin, which he carried with him and is reputed to be the one now preserved in the sacristy. The Moorish mosque, which had been converted into a Christian Church by the conqueror, was deemed unworthy of the title of the cathedral of Valencia, and in 1262 Bishop Andrés de Albalat laid the cornerstone of the new Gothic building, with three naves; these reach only to the choir of the present building. Bishop Vidal de Blanes built the chapter hall, and James I added the tower, called El Micalet because it was blessed on St. Michael's day in 1418. The tower is about 58 metres (190 feet) high and is topped with a belfry (1660–1736).
In the 15th century the dome was added and the naves extended back of the choir, uniting the building to the tower and forming a main entrance. Archbishop Luis Alfonso de los Cameros began the building of the main chapel in 1674; the walls were decorated with marbles and bronzes in the Baroque style of that period. At the beginning of the 18th century the German Conrad Rudolphus built the façade of the main entrance. The other two doors lead into the transept; one, that of the Apostles in pure pointed Gothic, dates from the 14th century, the other is that of the Palau. The additions made to the back of the cathedral detract from its height. The 18th-century restoration rounded the pointed arches, covered the Gothic columns with Corinthian pillars, and redecorated the walls.
The dome has no lantern, its plain ceiling being pierced by two large side windows. There are four chapels on either side, besides that at the end and those that open into the choir, the transept, and the sanctuary. It contains many paintings by eminent artists. A silver reredos, which was behind the altar, was carried away in the war of 1808, and converted into coin to meet the expenses of the campaign. There are two paintings by Francisco de Goya in the San Francesco chapel. Behind the Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament is a small Renaissance chapel built by Calixtus III. Beside the cathedral is the chapel dedicated to the Our Lady of the Forsaken (Mare de Déu dels desamparats).
The Tribunal de les Aigües (Water Court), a court dating from Moorish times that hears and mediates in matters relating to irrigation water, sits at noon every Thursday outside the Porta dels Apostols (Portal of the Apostles).
In 1409, a hospital was founded and placed under the patronage of Santa Maria dels Innocents; to this was attached a confraternity devoted to recovering the bodies of the unfriended dead in the city and within a radius of three miles (4.8 kilometres) around it. At the end of the 15th century this confraternity separated from the hospital, and continued its work under the name of "Cofradia para el ámparo de los desamparados". King Philip IV of Spain and the Duke of Arcos suggested the building of the new chapel, and in 1647 the Viceroy, Conde de Oropesa, who had been preserved from the bubonic plague, insisted on carrying out their project. The Blessed Virgin was proclaimed patroness of the city under the title of Virgen de los desamparados (Virgin of the Forsaken), and Archbishop Pedro de Urbina, on 31 June 1652, laid the cornerstone of the new chapel of this name. The archiepiscopal palace, a grain market in the time of the Moors, is simple in design, with an inside cloister and a handsome chapel. In 1357, the arch that connects it with the cathedral was built. Inside the council chamber are preserved the portraits of all the prelates of Valencia.
Medieval churches
Sant Joan del Mercat- Gothic parish church dedicated to John the Baptist and Evangelist, rebuilt in Baroque style after a 1598 fire. The interior ceilings was frescoed by Palomino.
Sant Nicolau
El Temple (the Temple), the ancient church of the Knights Templar, which passed into the hands of the Order of Montesa and was rebuilt in the reigns of Ferdinand VI and Charles III; the former convent of the Dominicans, at one time the headquarters of the Capitan General, the cloister of which has a beautiful Gothic wing and the chapter room, large columns imitating palm trees; the Colegio del Corpus Christi, which is devoted to the Blessed Sacrament, and in which perpetual adoration is carried on; the Jesuit college, which was destroyed in 1868 by the revolutionary Committee of the Popular Front, but later rebuilt; and the Colegio de San Juan (also of the Society), the former college of the nobles, now a provincial institute for secondary instruction.
Squares and gardens
The largest plaza in Valencia is the Plaça del Ajuntament; it is home to the City Hall (Ajuntament) on its western side and the central post office (Edifici de Correus) on its eastern side, a cinema that shows classic movies, and many restaurants and bars. The plaza is triangular in shape, with a large cement lot at the southern end, normally surrounded by flower vendors. It serves as ground zero during the Les Falles when the fireworks of the Mascletà can be heard every afternoon. There is a large fountain at the northern end.
The Plaça de la Mare de Déu contains the Basilica of the Virgin and the Turia fountain, and is a popular spot for locals and tourists. Around the corner is the Plaça de la Reina, with the Cathedral, orange trees, and many bars and restaurants.
The Turia River was diverted in the 1960s, after severe flooding, and the old riverbed is now the Turia gardens, which contain a children's playground, a fountain, and sports fields.
The Palau de la Música is adjacent to the Turia gardens and the City of Arts and Sciences lies at one end. The Valencia Bioparc is a zoo, also located in the Turia riverbed.
Other gardens in Valencia include:
The Jardíns de Monfort (es:Jardines de Monforte).
The Jardí Botànic (Botanical Gardens).
The Jardíns del Real or Jardíns de Vivers (Del Real Gardens), they are located in the Pla del Real district, on just the former site of the Del Real Palace.
Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències (City of Arts and Sciences). Designed by the Valencian architect Santiago Calatrava, it is situated in the former Túria river-bed and comprises the following monuments:
Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía, a flamboyant opera and music palace with four halls and a total area of 37,000 m2 (398,000 sq ft).
L'Oceanogràfic, the largest aquarium in Europe, with a variety of ocean beings from different environments: from the Mediterranean, fishes from the ocean and reef inhabitants, sharks, mackerel swarms, dolphinarium, inhabitants of the polar regions (belugas, walruses, penguins), coast inhabitants (sea lions), etc. L'Oceanogràfic exhibits also smaller animals as coral, jellyfish, sea anemones, etc.
El Museu de les Ciències Príncipe Felipe, an interactive museum of science but resembling the skeleton of a whale. It has an area of around 40,000 square metres (430,556 square feet) over three floors.
L'Hemisfèric, an Imax cinema. (es:L'Hemisfèric)
Museu de Prehistòria de València (Prehistory Museum of Valencia)
Museu Valencià d'Etnologia (Valencian Museum of Ethnology)
House Museum Blasco Ibáñez
IVAM – Institut Valencià d'Art Modern – Centre Julio González Julio González Centre – Valencian Institute of Modern Art
Museu de Belles Arts de València (Museum of Fine Arts)
Museu Faller (Falles Museum)
Museu d'Història de València (Valencia History Museum)
Museu Taurí de València (Bullfighting Museum)
MuVIM – Museu Valencià de la Il·lustració i la Modernitat (Valencian Museum of Enlightenment and Modernity)
González Martí National Museum of Ceramics and Decorative Arts
Computer Museum – is located within Technical School of Computer Engineering (Polytechnic University of Valencia)
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Former NYSAC Boxing Commissioner Sends Blunt Letter To Former Heavyweight Champion Andy Ruiz – Breaking Boxing News
December 17th, 2019 Bad Brad
Dear Andy,
It's been just over one week since your unsuccessful title defense against Anthony Joshua, the man you won the title from back on June 1. Immediately after your fight against Joshua, all the talk was about your fight…your loss…Joshua's win…Joshua's condition…your lack of it…and what an overall disappointment the fight, as a whole, was. Now, the boxing world is talking about guys like Terence Crawford, Teofimo Lopez and Mick Conlan.
They're fun. All three are a refreshing breath of fresh air for the sport. Then there's you. A few weeks ago, you fit in with the three of them. Then, it changed. It didn't change because you lost. It changed because of how you lost, and how you have reacted to that loss.
I am writing this on behalf of so many boxing fans who have contacted me via social media, texts, e-mail, with calls to my radio show on SiriusXM and the gym I train in. For all of them, you need to hear what a disappointment you were on that Saturday night in Saudi Arabia against Anthony Joshua. You need to hear it and I need to say it.
I was ringside at Madison Square Garden on June 1, 2019, the night you pulled of what I consider to be 2019's "Upset of the Year." I was angry when negative remarks were hurled your way when you and Joshua were brought to the center of the ring by referee Michael Griffin just before the opening bell. On appearances alone, you were not going to beat Joshua. You were not going to take his title. Outside of your most rabid fans and Team Ruiz, most of the 20,000 in attendance felt you had no chance. It was believed by most that you and your 268 pounds were in over your head. Way over your head. I was in the minority.
I have seen enough of you to know what a good chance you had that night. I believed a fight against Joshua was a fight you could win. Why did I feel that way? After all, you were outsized and out-conditioned. Joshua had the edge in every department. Or did he? Did he have the fighting heart we've seen in you? Did he possess the in-fighting skills you possess? Did he have hand speed greater than yours? Could he turn combinations loose the way you can? Were his hands faster than yours? Could he take a better punch than you? The answer to every question is "No."
This would be your second title shot. You dropped a 12-round majority decision to Joseph Parker in December 2017 for the WBO title. For that fight, you weighed 255¾ pounds. You had some fine moments in that fight. You also had some very lethargic moments. They were moments I blamed on your condition, or lack of it. I thought in better condition, it was a fight you would have won…should have won. In fact, after the fight, you took time off. I recall you saying you were taking time off to concentrate on conditioning. It was nice to hear you say that, as many in the boxing world have labeled you as "lazy."
Included amongst your detractors is promoter Bob Arum, who took a buyout from you so you could terminate your contract with his company, Top Rank. "He's got the ability," said Arum, "but not the attitude." So, after the loss to Parker—the first of your career—you took off in search of better physical conditioning. You took off all of 2017. When talk was of the heavyweight division that year and your name came up, it was talked about that you were working on becoming a more-dedicated athlete, a more-well-rounded, well-conditioned fighter. Your layoff lasted exactly 15 months. On March 10, 2018, you stepped into the ring at the Stub Hub Center in Carson, California. We expected to see a new and improved, streamlined Andy Ruiz. Well, you did knock out 20-4 Devin Vargas in 98 seconds. But new? Streamlined?
You came in almost five pounds heavier for Vargas than you weighed in your title loss to Parker. Exactly what were you doing during your 15-month hiatus? You did shed eight pounds for your next fight four months later, against shop-worn, former fringe contender Kevin Johnson. But then, the weight gain started. From the 252¼ against Johnson, you went to 262 against Dimitrenko, nine months later. You then put on six more pounds for the biggest victory of your career one month after that. Those six pounds did not matter, because you were obviously prepared for Joshua that night. It's what you did—or didn't do—in the six months leading up to the rematch. It's also what you and your team said. As Joshua was overhauling his fight plan and restructuring his body, you were overhauling your attitude and restructuring your body. Your attitude went from being easily accessible to the media to being a media recluse. You also lied to the media and to your fans.
"I will be considerably lighter for the rematch than I was for the first fight," you said only days before the fight. What a crock that was. You also said, "I will be ready and willing to do die in defense of my title." Another crock! You fooled so many, and got paid so much! It was incredible to see you, only minutes after your non-performance, holding up three fingers, telling the world you want a rubber match. What audacity! What nerve! Do you really believe anybody wants to see you fight Joshua a third time? After that? Had you actually given a good effort in Diriyah, had you actually done something that night to make us think you were trying to successfully defend your titles, perhaps then you could be talking rubber match. However, what you gave to the boxing world on December 7 was pathetic. It was embarrassing. You were paid millions for doing nothing. Here's a two part question for you: 1. Do you really think you deserve an immediate rubber match? 2. Do you really think anybody wants to see a rubber match, outside of you? Andy, the answer is "NO!" to both questions.
What I suggest is this. Take off for the holidays. Take off January, as well. Maybe even February. Travel. Relax. Eat (you do that better than anybody!). Think long and hard about your boxing career. If you really want to continue, you'll have to do something different. You'll have to train. Hard. Long. Dedicated. I can hear you saying, "You have no idea about my condition. You have no idea how I train." The fact is, I do know how hard you train. So does the whole boxing world. We saw on December 7 how "hard" you trained. Your words of apology after your title loss were too little, too late. Go ask Buster Douglas how he regrets his partying and lack of dedicated training after beating Mike Tyson in 1990. A few weeks ago, he told me "I wish I had done things differently back then. I wish I had taken my boxing career and the title I won with much more respect. I look back with regret. I was bestowed with the greatest title in the world and I didn't do it any justice."
Andy, learn from Buster Douglas. If not, party on. You've earned more money than most fighters ever earn. Maybe you've achieved all you set out to do and your hunger (your professional hunger, that is) is gone. You have gone from being today's boxing headlines to being old news. If you want redemption, if you want that title back, you are going to have to prove it. You are going to have to work for it. You are going to have to shed that "lazy" label. Can you? Will you? Until then, there will be no rubber match with Anthony Joshua. There will be no facing the winner of Deontay Wilder Vs Tyson Fury. The boxing world will talk about them, and not about you. The boxing world will also be talking about Terence Crawford. And Teofimo Lopez. And Mick Conlan. They've earned the talk. They've earned the respect. It's up to you to make the boxing world want to see you again.
With disappointment but still a ton of respect,
Randy Gordon
Randy "The Commish" Gordon is the Author of the hit book, "Glove Affair". Order your copy by clicking HERE.
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Posted in BOXING NEWS, COLUMNS BY RANDY "THE COMMISH" GORDON Tags: Former NYSAC Boxing Commissioner Sends Blunt Letter To Former Heavyweight Champion Andy Ruiz - Breaking Boxing News
« The Saving of Our Local History Continues—Part III
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@anderson_corri Once again, you're being ridiculous!
@KellyAshcraft3 Exactly! But just on our soil....
@mitch_gorman You're welcome....
@anderson_corri Now you're being ridiculous!
@richardthorndy2 They don't compare either.... He had the bully pulpit & killed people & destroyed this country!


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NCGA Testifies in Support of RFS
Keywords: ethanol policy rfs
Texas farmer and National Corn Growers Association past president and chairman, Wesley Spurlock, today testified on behalf of NCGA at a House Energy and Commerce Environment Subcommittee hearing to review a discussion draft of the 21st Century Transportation Fuels Act. Spurlock told the Subcommittee of the significant opportunities the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) has created for farmers. "The RFS is one of the most ambitious and successful energy, environmental and economic policies Congress has enacted, not only for farmers and rural communities but also for drivers, our air quality and our nation's energy security. As use of homegrown renewable fuels has grown and as farmers have become more productive using fewer resources, the benefits of the RFS have exceeded those Congress projected," Spurlock said. Spurlock's testimony cited farmers' increased productivity, increasing their average yield by more than 25 bushels per acre, or 17 percent, since 2007, as well as...
NCGA Statement on EPA RFS Website Updates
Keywords: ethanol RFS
The following is a statement from North Dakota farmer Kevin Skunes, president of the National Corn Growers Association (NCGA), in response to the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) updated Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) transparency website that will provide information on granted small refinery waivers and data on Renewable Identification Number (RIN) prices. "We appreciate the step EPA Acting Administrator Andrew Wheeler has taken to update the RFS data website to bring some initial transparency to refinery exemptions. This information is a good place to start. "However, there are a lot of questions left unanswered. We will still not know EPA's justification for granting a refinery waiver and, without a change in how EPA accounts for those exempted gallons, those waived gallons will still be lost from RFS obligations. It's helpful to know when the harm is being done, but EPA needs to go a step further and take steps to mitigate the damage. "We...
NCGA Voices Opposition to EPA Proposal, Calls Upon Members to Do the Same
(Posted Tue. Jan 28th, 2014)
Keywords: RFS RVO Ethanol
The National Corn Growers Association today submitted comments to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, formally opposing its proposal to slash the amount of corn ethanol required in the Renewable Fuel Standard and citing the severe economic and environmental ramifications potential action. With a midnight (Eastern Standard Time) deadline looming, NCGA calls upon all members, farmers and their allies to join them in support of the RFS by submitting personal comments. To submit comments, click here. For 2014, the EPA has proposed a 1.4 billion gallon reduction in how much corn ethanol will be required under the RFS, the federal law that requires the blending of domestic, renewable, cleaner-burning corn ethanol in the nation's fuel supply. "The RFS is an important tool in the nation's effort to achieve cleaner fuels," wrote NCGA President Martin Barbre in the opening letter of the comments. "Since the enactment of RFS2 in 2007, corn and corn ethanol production have...
A Cry in Support of Renewable Fuels Rings Out from
(Posted Thu. Jan 23rd, 2014)
Jan. 23: Today, ethanol supporters gathered in Iowa to take part in "Hearing in the Heartland: Supporting the Renewable Fuels Standard," hosted by Governor Terry Branstad in Des Moines. This day-long event features testimony from both state and federal legislators, regulators and administrators from Iowa, Indiana, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada and South Dakota, as well as leadership from agribusiness and from farmer-leaders active at the state and national levels. The event was organized in response to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proposal for a 1.4 billion gallon reduction in how much corn ethanol will be required under the Renewable Fuel Standard in 2014. Branstad kicked off the event with an impassioned speech in support of ethanol, biodiesel and the RFS. Following Branstad, panels provided testimony throughout the day. National Corn Growers Association Chairwoman Pam Johnson, a farmer from Floyd, Iowa, spoke during a morning panel. For a full listing of...
NCGA Thanks Members of Congress for Ethanol Support
Keywords: RFS Ethanol
Jan. 23: The following is a statement from National Corn Growers Association President Martin Barbre on Senate and House letters to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, stressing the importance of preserving the Renewable Fuel Standard: "We thank the senators and representatives who have stood up for American agriculture and the importance of domestic, renewable ethanol. Slashing the amount of ethanol in our nation's fuel supply at this time is a big mistake, sure to drive up gas prices for all consumers and harm the rural economy by driving the price of corn below the cost of production. It's great to see a bipartisan group of lawmakers stand up for legislation that was passed by members of both parties and that has helped support jobs and the rural economy while making our air cleaner. "We especially appreciate the leadership of Sens. Richard Durbin, Charles Grassley, Al Franken and John Thune, and Reps. Kristi Noem and Cheri Bustos, for encouraging their colleagues...
NCGA 'Tele-Town Hall' Brings Farmers Together to Ignite Action in Support of Ethanol
(Posted Wed. Jan 22nd, 2014)
Jan. 22: Last night, thousands of farmers from across the country were dialed in for a town hall via telephone, hosted by the National Corn Growers Association. The teleconference highlighted the need to reverse the EPA's proposed reduction in corn ethanol volumes for 2014 under the Renewable Fuel Standard. The event, which lasted about 30 minutes, included remarks from NCGA President Martin Barbre, a farmer from Carmi, Ill.; U.S. Rep. Bruce Braley from Iowa; and Richard Childress, owner of NASCAR's Richard Childress Racing, who works closely with NCGA through the American Ethanol partnership. In addition to providing a diverse array of opinions and information on the subject, the event highlighted what farmers can do to speak out against the reductions proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in November. Kicking off the event, Barbre explained in grave detail the impact that this proposal could have not only upon NCGA members, but upon all farmers and anyone...
New Statistical Analysis Shows RINs Have No Impact on Retail Gas Prices
(Posted Wed. Jan 8th, 2014)
A detailed statistical analysis released yesterday by the Renewable Fuel Association shows that erratic surge in prices for Renewable Identification Number credits in 2013 did not impact retail gasoline prices. This study, which was conducted by Informa Economics, demonstrates clearly how yet another argument used by those who oppose the Renewable Fuel Standard proves inaccurate when fully examined. "Changes in prices of renewable identification numbers did not cause changes in retail gasoline prices in 2013," according to a 7-page report summarizing the analysis. "Retail gasoline prices were driven primarily by movements in crude oil prices and secondarily by changes in the spread between domestic and international crude oil prices and the level of vehicle miles driven in the U.S., which varies seasonally." "We fully support the findings of this study and urge federal regulators to take this information into their deliberations when considering reductions to the RFS...
Governors Group Urges Administration to Reconsider Proposed Reductions to RFS
Dec. 26: A group of Midwestern governors, all members of the Governors' Biofuels Coalition, have sent letters to President Barack Obama expressing their support for the Renewable Fuel Standard. These letters come in response to the Environmental Protection Agency's proposal which would scale back the volume of renewable fuels required under the Renewable Fuel Standard in 2014. In a joint letter to the president, Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Gina McCarthy and Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack, Iowa Gov. Terry Branstad, Kansas Gov. Sam Brownback, Minnesota Gov. Mark Dayton, Nebraska Gov. Dave Heineman, North Dakota Gov. Jack Dalrymple and South Dakota Gov. Dennis Daugaard argue in defense of the ethanol standard. The letter stresses the importance of ethanol as it diversifies America's energy portfolio, gives consumers choices at the pump, supports economic development in rural communities and reduces harmful emissions across the nation. Providing evidence of...
NCGA Brings Farmer Perspective to Senate Hearing on Renewable Fuels
Dec. 11: National Corn Growers Association Corn Board Member Jon Holzfaster represented the interests of American farmers today during a Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works Committee and Subcommittee on Clean Air and Nuclear Safety oversight hearing on domestic renewable fuels. The two panel session included testimony from government officials and industry leaders on the environmental and economic impacts of the Renewable Fuel Standard and increased use of domestically produced biofuels such as corn ethanol. In his testimony, Holzfaster stressed the importance of the RFS in supporting jobs, reducing dependence on foreign oil, lowering fuel prices for consumers and improving the environmental footprint of our nation's transportation fuels. Additionally, he attested to the important role distillers dried grains have come to play in the beef, dairy, swine and poultry industries thus further negating arguments against increased ethanol use based in the false dichotomy...
A Farmer's Perspective on the Importance of Defending the RFS
Keywords: RVO RFS Ethanol
Dec. 11: For 2014, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has proposed a 1.4 billion gallon reduction in how much corn ethanol will be required under the Renewable Fuel Standard, the federal law that helps get domestic, renewable, cleaner-burning corn ethanol blended in the nation's fuel supply. This will reduce already-low corn prices and negatively affect planting decisions in 2014. Last week, dozens of corn growers and other supporters of ethanol raised their voices about the potential for grave economic impacts should the EPA implement this reduction during a Washington hearing that ran late into the night. Off the Cob caught up with Virginia Grain Producers Association President Bryan Taliaferro to discuss his testimony during the event. Recounting his message, Taliaferro recounted the economic troubles many corn farmers faced before corn ethanol became widely used in automotive fuels. To listen to the full interview, click here. "I started farming in 1973 with...
NCGA Calls on All Members and Allies to Defend Ethanol
(Posted Mon. Dec 2nd, 2013)
Keywords: ethanol RFS RVO EPA
Dec. 2: Citing severe economic and environmental ramifications, the National Corn Growers Association today called on all its members and friends to submit comments to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, opposing its proposal to slash the amount of corn ethanol required in the Renewable Fuel Standard. "It's critical that our growers and all those concerned about the rural economy stand up for corn ethanol and urge the EPA to keep the volume obligations as they are now written in the law," said NCGA President Martin Barbre. "The impacts of the EPA's proposal, if enacted, will ripple throughout communities where America's family farmers live, shop and do business. Rural America cannot afford this and neither can the environment." For 2014, the EPA has proposed a 1.4 billion gallon reduction in how much corn ethanol will be required under the RFS, the federal law that requires the blending of domestic, renewable, cleaner-burning corn ethanol in the nation's fuel...


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LEGO Mindstorms NXT One-Kit Wonders
LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT One-Kit Wonders will make it simple for you to construct even the most complex of these ten robots, all while you learn the ins and outs of the NXT kit. You'll learn to build and program:
CandyPicker, a candy-picking robot with built-in generator and remote control
PunchBot, a robot that you program using old-fashioned punchcards
M, a robot that sorts your M&M candies by color
NXT Dragster, a super-fast racecar that will take you all the way to the drag strip
BobBot, a versatile skid-steer loader, equipped with a ball grabber or demolition claw
RoboLock, a security system for your robots
The Hand, a robotic replacement hand to protect you from those dangerous cleanup jobs, like picking up your brother's gym socks
SPC, a robotic vehicle that can park itself between two objects using front-wheel drive
GrabBot, a robot that finds, grabs, lifts and moves objects autonomously
The Bike, a two-wheeled robot that can balance and steer
Armed with the knowledge you gain from this book, you'll be inventing your own amazing creations in no time.
Author: James Floyd Kelly et. al.
Publisher: No Starch Press; 1 edition (November 29, 2008)
The LEGO Mindstorms NXT 2.0 Discovery Book
Discover the many features of the LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT 2.0 set. The LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT 2.0 Discovery Book is the complete, illustrated, beginner's guide to MINDSTORMS that you've been looking for.
The crystal clear instructions in the Discovery Book will show you how to harness the capabilities of the NXT 2.0 set to build and program your own robots. Author and robotics instructor Laurens Valk walks you through the set, showing you how to use its various pieces, and how to use the NXT software to program robots. Interactive tutorials make it easy for you to reach an advanced level of programming as you learn to build robots that move, monitor sensors, and use advanced programming techniques like data wires and variables. You'll build eight increasingly sophisticated robots like the Strider (a six-legged walking creature), the CCC (a climbing vehicle), the Hybrid Brick Sorter (a robot that sorts by color and size), and the Snatcher (an autonomous robotic arm). Numerous building and programming challenges throughout encourage you to think creatively and to apply what you've learned as you develop the skills essential to creating your own robots.
Author: Laurens Valk
Publisher: No Starch Press; 1 edition (April 26, 2010)
The LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT set includes a variety of powerful electronic parts (motors, sensors, and the programmable NXT microcomputer) and lots of building elements. With these parts you can create thousands of unique, intelligent robots. The Unofficial LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT Inventor's Guide helps you to harness the capabilities of the NXT set and effectively plan, build, and program your own NXT robots.
The first part of the book contains a brief introduction to the NXT set. You'll then examine the pieces in the NXT set and the roles they play in construction. Next, you'll learn practical building techniques, like how to build sturdy structures and work with gears. Then it's time to learn how to program with the official NXT-G programming language (and learn a bit about several unofficial programming languages). You'll also learn what author David J. Perdue calls the MINDSTORMS method: a strategy for creating your own robots. Finally, you'll follow step-by-step instructions for building, programming, and testing six sample robots (all of which can be built using only the parts found in one NXT set).
Author: David J. Purdue
Publisher: No Starch Press; 1 edition (October 29, 2007)
Building Robots with LEGO Mindstorms NXT
The new MINDSTORMS kit has been updated to include a programming brick, USB cable, RJ11-like cables, motors, and sensors. This book updates the robotics information to be compatible with the new set and to show how sound, sight, touch, and distance issues are now dealt with.
The LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT and its predecessor, the LEGO MINDSTORMS Robotics Invention System (RIS), have been called "the most creative play system ever developed." This book unleashes the full power and potential of the tools, sensors, and components that make up LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT. It also provides a unique insight on newer studless building techniques as well as interfacing with the traditional studded beams. Some of the world's leading LEGO MINDSTORMS inventors share their knowledge and development secrets. You will discover an incredible range of ideas to inspire your next invention. This is the ultimate insider's look at LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT system and is the perfect book whether you build world-class competitive robots or just like to mess around for the fun of it.
Author: Dave Astolfo
Publisher: Syngress (June 4, 2007)
Educate NXT
Educate NXT is the ultimate NXT robotics resource for teachers and students. Graded Student worksheets are accompanied by extensive Teacher sections covering topics including Navigation, Line follow, and Sumo. This is further supported by animated PowerPoint presentations, ideal for teachers new to robotics, or teachers with experience wishing to extend their students. Two years of worldwide research and trialing has gone into preparing a book that meshes educational outcomes with LEGO® robotics. Teachers will find out how to successfully and confidently manage a robotics program within their school. A wide-ranging series of additional challenges round off an NXT resource written by teachers, for teachers. Educate NXT gives educators control within the robotics classroom yet fosters learning freedom and the buzz of student engagement.
Author: Chris Bracken
Binding: paperback/spiral-bound
Programming Lego Mindstorms NXT
Teach your robot new tricks! With this projects-based approach you can program your Mindstorms NXT robot to solve a maze, build a house, run an obstacle course, and many other activities. Along the way you will learn the basics of programming structures and techniques using NXT-G. For hobbyists, and students working on robot projects, Bishop provides the background and tools to program your robot for tasks that go beyond the simple routines provided with the robot kit. The programs range in complexity from simple contact avoidance and path following, to programs generating some degree of artificial intelligence.
Publisher: Syngress; Pap/DVD edition (June 30, 2008)
Lego Mindstorms NXT 2.0: The King's Treasure
In this sequel to the immensely popular book, LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT: The Mayan Adventure, you get both an engaging story and a personal tutorial on robotics programming. You'll learn about the motors and sensors in your NXT 2.0 kit. You'll learn to constructively brainstorm solutions to problems. And you'll follow clear, photo-illustrated instructions that help you build, test, and operate a series of five robots corresponding to the five challenges Evan and his uncle must overcome in their search for lost treasure.
Publisher: Apress; 1 edition (December 1, 2009)
The Lego Mindstorms NXT Zoo! An Unofficial, Kid-Friendly Guide to Building Robotic Animals with the Lego Mindstorms NXT
Whether you're just beginning with your LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT set or are already an expert, you'll be inspired by these animal-like models that walk, crawl, hop, and roll!
The first part of the book introduces you to the NXT kit and reviews the parts you'll need in order to begin building. Next, you'll learn how to program with the NXT-G programming language, including how to make miniprograms called My Blocks that you can use to build larger programs. Finally, you'll learn how to build each robot and program it to act like its real animal cousins.
Publisher: No Starch Press; 1 edition (February 22, 2008)
LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT Thinking Robots
Build a Rubik's Cube Solver and a Tic-Tac-Toe Playing Robot!
LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT Thinking Robots will show you how to build and program two robots that think. You'll be awestruck when the TTT Tickler ties you at tic-tac-toe and amazed when the One-Armed Wonder solves a Rubik's Cube® in just a few minutes.
These robots aren't child's play. The models are challenging, and you'll have to do a bit of thinking yourself to get them to work. But once you get the hang of it, your efforts will be amply rewarded.
In addition to providing detailed instructions for building each model with either the original or the NXT 2.0 set, author Daniele Benedettelli takes you inside the robots to show you how they're designed, what makes them think, and how to use them.
Publisher: No Starch Press; 1 edition (December 4, 2009)


A simulation of the powerful jets generated by supermassive black holes at the centers of the largest galaxies explains why some burst forth as bright beacons visible across the universe, while others fall apart and never pierce the halo of the galaxy. About 10 percent of all galaxies with active nuclei — all presumed to have supermassive black holes within the central bulge — are observed to have jets of gas spurting in opposite directions from the core. The hot ionized gas is propelled by the twisting magnetic fields of the rotating black hole, which can be as large as several billion suns.


Brussels sprouts do not deserve their reputation. Sure, when you make the frozen kind or overcook them, they are rreal bad... but done right, they are like vegetable candy. Or in this case, vegetable chips.
Making chips out of things is a fantastic hobby, especially with Brussels sprouts. These little paleo snacks are made from the outer leaves, so you don't have to waste them when you're cleaning whole sprouts for another dish. And it'll make you want to buy extra just to do this with them. So delicious.
Also, I struggled with calling these Brussels Sprouts Chips or Brussels Sprout Chips... what seems natural to you?
Preheat the oven to 350 degrees. Toss sprouts in olive oil and spread them in a thin layer on a lined baking sheet. Bake for 10 minutes. Also, you should've doubled the recipe, because these'll be gone rrreal quick.
Nom Nom Paleo puts lemon zest on hers chips — which sounds delicious! You could also do some fun seasoning combos, but these are great as is.


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Latest Penguins Buzz
Post-Game Buzz: Malkin, Crosby power Penguins to 4-3 win
Monday, March 04, 2013 / by William DePaoli / / Pittsburgh Penguins, tampa bay lightning / 0 comments
POST-GAME BUZZ
PITTSBURGH 4 – TAMPA BAY 3
Tonight was a great example of why having two dynamic superstars in Sidney Crosby and Evgeni Malkin makes you threat to be in every game as the Pittsburgh Penguins (15-8-0, 30 pts) defeated the Tampa Bay Lightning (9-12-1, 19 pts), 4-3 on Monday night at the Consol Energy Center, thanks to the efforts of Malkin and Crosby.
Trailing 2-1 in the third period after a lackluster second period, the Penguins play was dull until Malkin and Crosby took over the game in the third.
Malkin scored a spectacular goal at 5:38 of the third period cutting through two defenders to tie the game at 2-2, and a 1:51 later, Crosby put the Penguins up 3-2 with another dazzling goal as Crosby carried the puck through the neutral zone, gained the Lightning zone and pulled up hitting a trailing Kris Letang down the right side and Letang carrying the puck around the net fed Crosby in front for a beautiful one-timer goal as Pittsburgh took a 3-2 lead.
Crosby whose overall game was unbelievable in the game, had a goal and an assist, giving him a league high 36 points.
As good as Crosby was tonight, Malkin's highlight reel goal was huge for the Penguins and led to a surge from the team.
"That was great goal, big goal for us at the time, nice to have him back," Crosby said of Malkin's goal. "It didn't look like any way he could get through those two guys and he found a way."
Bylsma also marveled about Malkin's goal.
"It's a great unbelievable powerful move right through two defenseman going to the net," Bylsma said. "More of a power goal than it is a finesse goal. "Powered his way there and got us a big goal." Definitely a surge for our team," Bylsma said.
Chris Kunitz (12) and James Neal (14) also scored in the win. Kunitz 12 goal of the season at 4:13 of the first period moved him into third in NHL in points with 28 as his career season continues.
Malkin returning after missing the last four games, posted a stat line of 1 goal, 1 assist, +1, and 5 shots on goal in 20:57 of ice time as Malkin saw big minutes. In the faceoff circle, Malkin was a team-best 58.3%, winning 7 of 12 draws.
Malkin played aggressive and wasn't hesitant one bit.
"To see him come out and play that way and confident, not real surprised," Bylsma said based on how Malkin looked in practice on Sunday and how he skated this morning.
For the Lightning, Steven Stamkos (17) scored twice and Tom Pyatt (5) also scored in the loss.
Marc Andre Fleury made 25 saves, earning his 11th win of the season. Fleury is 7-1 in his last eight regular season starts vs Tampa Bay. Fleury said Penguins were better tonight at clearing rebounds. "Guys in front on rebounds, we were around to get pucks," Fleury said.
There were some shaky moments, though, for the Penguins defensively, especially in the second period, but defensemen Brooks Orpik felt the Penguins had a better focus.
"I just thought we had a better focus on our d-zone tonight," Orpik said.
Tidbits: Head coach Dan Bylsma hinted at Beau Bennett being recalled this week. "He's obviously not on our roster right now, {but} by noon tomorrow he could be."…….Bylsma had high praise for the play of Mark Eaton and Matt Niskanen together. "I thought Mark Eaton and Matt Niskanen played a real strong game," Bylsma said……The Penguins went 0 for 3 on the power play……A frustrated Lightning coach Guy Boucher on Malkin's goal: "We gave Malkin the puck at our blue line and might as well just put the gun to our heads"


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Home > Baby & Toddler > Behavior & Development, Health & Wellbeing > Raising Confident Girls By Watching What We Say
The words we use can impact girls' confidence, ability to think and reason, and goals for their futures. Here are the important phrases to avoid.
Rebecca Fraser-Thill Developmental Psychology Instructor & Career Coach
We often speak without thinking. Who hasn't complimented a little girl for being pretty, or added "man" to the ends of professional titles (e.g., "mailman," "policeman")? It's common vernacular. Yet, research shows, this type of speech can be incredibly harmful to girls.
Excluding Females From Our Speech
Without realizing it, we often speak in ways that trivialize or exclude a certain gender – most often females. This type of speech is called sexist language by researchers, and it can be much more subtle than we may think. For instance, the classic phrase "a giant leap for mankind" is sexist, psychologists Douglas and Sutton note, as are those professional "man-centric" titles we throw around, like "Congressman." We also tend to use "he" instead of "she" when speaking about generic individuals, studies show.
Using more inclusive language – such as, switching from "businessman" to "business person" and saying "they" instead of "he" – might seem inconsequential, but it's not. Both boys and girls learn gender categories based mainly on observation, including observing how we talk. This begins around 18 months of age.
Through ongoing exposure to sexist speech, females internalize that various careers are off-limits to them, that they have lower status and are less competent than males, and that they are generally less accepted by society, researchers find.
The Danger of Compliments about Appearance
In addition to excluding women from our speech, we tend to act in a sexist fashion when complimenting. While we lean toward commending boys on their competence ("you're a hard worker" or "you're really strong"), we tend to focus on girls' looks ("what a pretty dress" or "aren't you beautiful?").
A fascinating and disturbing series of studies indicate that these well-intended compliments have devastating consequences. First, these comments can lead to a preoccupation with appearance, which researchers call "trait self-objectification." Women who are high in this preoccupation tend to focus on how they look from the outside, especially to men, and constantly ask questions about their appearance. Regardless of whether they feel good about how they look, women who are preoccupied with their looks have lower well-being than women who don't focus on their appearance.
Secondly, being complimented on our appearance undermines our ability to think. In a number of experiments, women were either complimented on their looks (for instance, one study told study participants, "I can see from your picture that your look is very presentable, and looking good is an advantage in the employment market"), were complimented on their competence or characteristics (such as, "You sound like a nice person") or were given no specific feedback. The participants then completed math and reasoning problems. The women who were complimented on their appearance scored far worse than women in the other groups.
Researchers believe that, when complimented on appearance, women's cognitive resources shift from performing competently to looking good.
Even more concerning, the women who tended to be preoccupied with their looks scored worst on the cognitive tests. These women experienced a boost to their moods when complimented on their appearance, but couldn't focus at all on analytical tests after the "kind" words.
Perhaps most alarming of all, one study found that we don't even have to talk about appearance to damage women's thinking skills. When females were asked to try on a swimsuit and then take a math test, they scored significantly worse than females who were asked to try on a sweater before taking the test.
While these studies were conducted with adults, tweens and teens have an even stronger self-focus due to their stage of cognitive development. It's likely, then, that compliments about looks may impair their academic performance even more than in the studies with adults. This may create a self-defeating cycle in which girls lose confidence in their cognitive skills and lean harder on their appearance in order to compensate. Due to this increased focus on appearance, they may then be even more likely to perform poorly in school whenever they are complimented about what they're wearing or how they've styled their hair.
What We Can Do As Parents
All in all, talking in exclusionary, appearance-focused ways to our girls can undermine their confidence, their sense of possibilities, and their ability to reason and complete cognitive tasks. As parents, then, we must become more mindful about our speech in a multi-step process:
First, we can start by simply noticing how often we use "man"-based language and/or compliment our daughters on their appearance. The words likely will slip out before we realize they're coming, but recognition is a key first step. We can enlist our spouse or another relative to help us notice when it's happening – and we can do the same for that person. Note that we shouldn't call each out other in front of the kids, but should make a point of noting the slip soon after it occurs.
Once awareness has been built, we can slow down while speaking and try to screen our thoughts before we say them. This will be a difficult and imperfect process at first, and it may feel highly frustrating. If we keep in mind the benefits to making the change, though, we'll find the motivation to persevere.
With time, the effortful shifting of our speech will become more automatic. We'll eventually be able to speak without thinking again – but this time in a way that encourages a positive self-image and academic strength in our girls.
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Little Feminist
Little Scientist Board Book Set
Hardcover Book - Anne Frank
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Hardcover Book - Amelia Earhart
Good Night Stories For Rebel Girls Volume 2
Good Night Stories For Rebel Girls Book


January 9, 2019. Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev holds a meeting via a videoconference on elimination of gas explosion consequences in Magnitogorsk. Deputy Prime Minister Vitaly Mutko, left. Deputy Minister for Construction, Housing and Utilities Dmitry Volkov, right.


PedaCoop 20/12/2014 – the CE1-CE2 class Sandra Philip in St-Romain-sur-Cher the student Council – class Sandra Philip by Bruno Jolys on 02/23/15 – 5:35 p.m.
in: math witness a technical pedagogical techniques> mathematical creation an educational tool PedaCoop 20/12/2014 – the CE1-CE2 class Sandra Philip in St-Romain-sur-Cher the student Council – class Sandra Philip by Bruno Jolys on 02/23/15 – 5:35 p.m. in: Life witness a technical cooperative class citizenship pedagogical principles> co> consulting an educational tool PedaCoop 11/29/2014 – the CE1-CE2 class of Sandra Philip in St-Romain-sur-Cher Meeting at Vero: desk research by Muriel C oirier the 01/18/14 – 24:06 In: GD 86 – Vienna testimony meeting a History-Geo Technical> History Geo> Geography middle of Study Teaching Techniques> exposed children Conference Class Presentation: Veronique works in a class EC1 / EC2 in a school in 7 classes in peri-urban areas. The class has 23 students EC1 and EC2.
Starting point: Veronique already has experience in the practice of presentations and conferences child. She put them in place when she worked with students from CE2 / CM1 and it worked. 4 attachments School newspapers By Muriel Coirier the 05/02/12 – 10:56 In: GD 86 – Vienna Life witness a technical cooperative class citizenship teaching techniques> Classroom Organization> Life class here you find all copies of the school newspaper class working Freinet in our department.
7 Results Witnesses congress Patrick Labarriere GD 56 By Marguerite Bachy on 04/09/11 – 11:19 p.m. In: Congress testimony Ottoman pouffe, I start writing … Natural method applied to me 1 comment witnesses congress, Michel Xufre GD 14 By Marguerite Bachy on 04/09/11 – 11:25 p.m.
In: Congress testimony Do you know what happened to me yesterday? I was called to testify. Witnesses Congress Martine Legay GD 14 By Marguerite Bachy on 04/09/11 – 11:39 p.m.
In: Hello Congress testimony at all, I'm Martine Legay teacher at the Freinet school of Herouville Saint clear in Calvados, board member of the ICEM and the working group in French and little witness the congress of Villeneuve d'Ascq. Witnesses congress, Michel Duckit GD 38 By Marguerite Bachy on 04/09/11 – 11:36 p.m.
Sector social pedagogy by Marguerite Bachy on 04/09/11 – 11:27 p.m. in: Congress testimony Natural method, Life method Before asking you what touched me and what I held during the 4 days just passed in the 50th Congress of the ICEM, I would introduce myself quickly. Why I like the clowns By Catherine Chabrun on 13/10/09 – 9:02 In: Congress testimony conference Testimony Martine Boncourt these everyday moments in Congress.
1 to 10 from 13 Results Chti 'Who 173 In: Ch'ti Who edited by a Departmental Group For teachers review> Summary January 2011 Who Ch'ti No.
171 In: Ch'ti Who edited by a Departmental Group for teachers review> summary June 2010 Be aware of some realities (continued): Ch'ti Who edited by a Departmental Group for teachers review in June 2010 Author: Freinet more 1 Freinet attachment and PC [part 2 ] in: Ch'ti Who edited by a Departmental Group for teachers review Movements> history of education Movements> Freinet movement in June 2010 While many of us know the "St. Paul case" where Freinet had to suffer attacks the extreme right and know his membership in the Communist party, fewer people know the difficult relationship he had with the party to the left in 1948.
Henry Porter (1 941 – 2007), member of the ICEM Freinet and Friends was attached to trace the history of these events. Document published on the IARC website (International Center for Research on Anarchism) http://cira.marseille.free.fr and reproduced with permission Author: Henry Porter 1 attachment A love story in : Ch'ti Who edited by a Departmental Group for students> elementary magazine June 2010 a small book to cut and paste … 1 attachment album sample No.
4 – Class Jean-Marc Guerrien in : Ch'ti Who edited by a Departmental Group For students> elementary Arts journal> Poetry June 2010 1 attachment tickets In: mood ticket Ch'ti Who edited by a Departmental Group For teachers review June 2010 1 attachment file Spree in Aube … in: school level> kindergarten Ch'ti Who edited by a Departmental Group for teachers review in June 2010 teacher in kindergarten in a small school of ZUP near Lille, I took my detachment of year to see what was going on in other schools. How to organize the space and time closest to the needs of children?
How to make the school day is as "natural" as possible? How to avoid the constraints of time, place, which we are often imposed? I chose this school because I knew Christian, the manager, who is part of the kindergarten sector ICEM and because he managed, in a few years to propose to his colleagues an interesting operation.
Search Keyword With all motsAvec expression exacteAvec motsSans at least one of the words Options: Back to results Guided search Click a term to narrow your search: Type of content: Page teacher Departmental Group GD 01 – Ain (3) GD 03 – Allier (1) GD 04 – Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (5) LR 05 – Hautes-Alpes (3) GD 06 – Alpes-Maritimes (12) more … working Group Gr . Adults FLE-literacy (2) Gr. knowledge of trees (3) Gr.
1 result Results Meet dad Ines R. For Cycle 3 Leon Grimault on 06/25/13 – 8:43 p.m. In: Dating, exchange Economy His job is house painter.
It is boss. His company is called "R Paint" and is located in Charters Britain which is 7 km from Rennes. He works 45 hours or 46 hours per week. To become a painter must be 2 or 3 years of learning. He has 35 years of experience.
He started 15 years ago. This physical trade is very hard. At first he was employed then he became foreman and then he founded his company. It takes four weeks of vacation per year.
7 Results Parents like to follow what their child in class that day in the week. What do you implement in your class to make them feel involved? What runs in families?
By Catherine Chabrun on 27/02/12 – 5:24 p.m. In: Day testimony (s) of action of Catherine Education: Parents like to follow what their child in class that day in the week. What do you implement in your class to make them feel involved? What runs in families? If so, how these staff work time in class if they pass?
By Catherine Chabrun on 27/02/12 – 5:22 p.m. In: Day testimony (s) of action of Catherine Education: If so, how these staff work time in class if they pass? Nadine: They take place every morning in the first part of the morning when the children arrive in class.
This is a time when they are anxious and in which they are active. For this work at home, they have a certain autonomy? Do they make proposals? Do they have any choice?
Do they have the opportunity to do in the classroom? By Catherine Chabrun on 27/02/12 – 5:17 p.m. In: Day testimony (s) of action of Catherine Education: To work at home, they have a certain autonomy?
Do they make proposals? Do they have any choice? Do they have the opportunity to do in the classroom? Nadine: The work can be done in class during the staff time (with or without help).


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Vouzon ist eine französische Gemeinde mit  Einwohnern (Stand: ) im Département Loir-et-Cher in der Region Centre-Val de Loire; sie gehört zum Arrondissement Romorantin-Lanthenay und ist Teil des Kantons La Sologne (bis 2015: Kanton Lamotte-Beuvron). Die Einwohner werden Vouzonais genannt.

Geographie
Vouzon liegt etwa 35 Kilometer südsüdöstlich von Orléans in der Landschaft Sologne. Der Fluss Tharonne entspringt im Westen der Gemeinde. Umgeben wird Vouzon von den Nachbargemeinden Ménestreau-en-Villette im Norden, Sennely im Nordosten, Souvigny-en-Sologne im Osten, Chaon im Osten und Südosten, Pierrefitte-sur-Sauldre im Süden und Südosten, Nouan-le-Fuzelier und Lamotte-Beuvron im Süden, Chaumont-sur-Tharonne im Westen und Südwesten sowie La Ferté-Saint-Aubin im Nordwesten.

Durch die Gemeinde führen die Autoroute A71 und die frühere Route nationale 20 (heutige D2020).

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Sehenswürdigkeiten

 Kirche Saint-Pierre, 1104 erbaut, seit 1989 Monument historique´
 Kapelle Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
 Friedhof
 Pfarrhaus aus dem 16. Jahrhundert
 Schloss La Grillère aus dem 16. Jahrhundert
 Schloss Amoy Trégy
 Rathaus von 1857

Persönlichkeiten
 Pierre-Alain Volondat (* 1962), Pianist

Weblinks

Ort in Centre-Val de Loire

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia