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Baroness Minouche Shafik to become President of Columbia University
It has been one of the greatest honours of my life to serve LSE, a passionate and dedicated community who inspire, support and learn from each other.
- Minouche Shafik
Baroness Minouche Shafik. Nigel Stead/ LSE
Baroness Minouche Shafik, our School's sixteenth Director (recently renamed as President and Vice Chancellor), has confirmed that she will be stepping down in summer 2023 to take up a new position as President of Columbia University. She will leave LSE after a six year term and will take up her new appointment in July 2023.
Minouche Shafik, said: "It has been one of the greatest honours of my life to serve LSE, a passionate and dedicated community who inspire, support and learn from each other. I have often been told by people that LSE positively changed their lives and it certainly changed mine It is a community that values rigour, debate, a global perspective and the betterment of society. I look forward to continuing to see LSE thrive as a place that educates for global impact, delivers research for the world and develops as a School for everyone now, and in the future."
Susan Liautaud, Chair of LSE Council, added: "On behalf of the School I want to sincerely thank Minouche for her exceptional leadership of LSE and her tireless work to strengthen the School. With a clear focus on supporting the LSE community, enhancing student experience and teaching, delivering research excellence and strengthening our place on the global stage Minouche is leaving LSE with a clear direction and she departs with our best wishes and deepest thanks."
The process of choosing a successor to Baroness Shafik is now underway. LSE's Council has instructed a specialist search firm and appointed a committee to oversee the work. The process of appointing an interim President and Vice Chancellor will commence immediately.


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Drosophila maya este o specie de muște din genul Drosophila, familia Drosophilidae, descrisă de Heed și O'grady în anul 2000. Conform Catalogue of Life specia Drosophila maya nu are subspecii cunoscute.

Referințe

Drosophila

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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If forex.com trading signals you have good strategies in place you might make money, but nothing is guaranteed. Remember the point made at the start of this section though there is no reason why you cant combine both so you use both approaches at the same time. That means your new position snaps into a profit immediately and marks an extreme that lets you manage the trade at a leisurely pace. It is a strategy that seeks to predict the movement of asset prices regardless of what is happening in the wider market. As you can see, it is a strategy that works best when you expect significant movement in the price of an asset. This is a strategy that helps you only invest an amount that you can afford. Essentially, the process involves looking at how the price of a particular asset moved in the past. The first is to use news events, and the second is to use technical analysis. Their compulsion to overtrade comes into play during this period, and it's capable of ruining a perfectly good day. Give us a thumbs up, share the video below if you would. Once you do that, Ill personally send you an email with the first video.


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Miller Theatre offers a portrait of Rzewski from teenager to today
The Del Sol String Quartet performed music of Fred Rzewski Thursday night at Miller Theatre. Photo: RJ Muna
Miller Theatre's Composer Portrait series is invaluable because rather than presenting music from a collection of composers it strives to present a snapshot of one composer's voice and career. There is no better way to introduce the curious listener to unfamiliar work.
Thursday night's concert, the last in this year's season, went against type—blame that on the thinking of the Del Sol String Quartet and the Portrait's subject, Fred Rzewski. (This is his second Portrait at Miller; the first, in 2005, presented The People United Will Never Be Defeated! and Bring Them Home!, for two pianos and two percussionists.)
Rzewski's career is too large and stylistically varied to pin down in one concert. Del Sol played the world premiere of his Words for string quartet on Thursday, and that music sounded like a further advance in his thinking. But the ensemble also dedicated half the program to the juvenilia of Rzewski's 1955 String Quartet, written at age 17.
This didn't paint an effective musical picture of the man, though it did offer valuable insight into his thinking and development. In his program note Rzewski was dismissive about the quartet, noting that he had barely looked at it since and had never heard it played. (Del Sol gave the belated premiere 18 months ago at the Library of Congress.) He also noted its uncharacteristic sentimental inspiration. "I do remember that at the time I fell immediately and desperately in love with every woman who crossed my path. So I can only assume that this music must have something to do with love, especially the unhappy sort."
There was good material in the quartet and also bad. A passage of idiomatic string writing was frequently followed by an ungainly interval or music in a less-than-ideal register. What made the most sense, and was most satisfying, eschewed late Romanticism for a Copland-esque Americana–simple triads arrayed in an unobtrusively logical harmonic rhythm.
One can't do better than Rzewski's own critique of his quartet in the note: "There is undoubtedly some originality in the general conception; but at the same time there is clearly a lot of fakery as well. It is easy to spot places where the composer is pretending, simply borrowing clichés he has seen in this or that score by this or that composer, but doesn't really know anything about it." That is as good a description as one will find of someone who is writing music with talent but without understanding.
It also explains how Words was so transparent about Bartók's influence and still sounded every bit like Rzewski.
During the on-stage conversation between Rzewski and Del Sol violist Charlton Lee—itself unusual because Rzewski asked most of the questions in a discussion centered on Ben Johnston's tuning system—the one question Lee got off was about the composer's "musical DNA": what elements of the 1955 quartet might point toward the 2018 premiere? Rzewski's response was "I don't think I can answer that question. Maybe only a music critic can."
Hearing Rzewski think about Bartók (along with some brief but notable memories of the Molto adagio-andante from Beethoven's A minor Quartet, Op. 132) in both the past and present was one answer. And the contrast between the past and present showed Rzewski's musical values in full light.
Words was in means more like Rzewski's Coming Together than the recent, dense, quasi-romantic piano pieces, but it was very different in feeling and attitude. It was lean, like Haydn pared down to an absolute minimum of notes, and built on discrete blocks of musical ideas. In contrast to the 1955 work, it was absolutely idiomatic for the instrumentation, and where Del Sol could not really flatter the sound of the first piece, Words led to rhythmically and tonally precise, confident playing.
Spoken text is something Rzewski has been using well for decades, but rather than stimulate political thinking and passions, the words in Words were enigmatic, balancing the composer's usual force with an odd irreverence straight out of Glenn Baxter.
In the first movement, marked "Unhurried," Lee nearly shouted out lines like "Let music replace war," and "how the mighty are fallen"—clear enough sentiments, but then there was also the confusing "how the poor are fallen." The light-hearted final movement, "Con fuoco," ended with Lee speaking: "Who knows? You can't know everything, only what you need to know in order to survive. All the rest is…" The pat phrase led to a cadence at the double bar, but instead of one last tonic chord, cellist Kathryn Bates tipped a cow call over into the microphone. Fin.
One is tempted to ascribe the fascinating puzzle of Words to the technical skill and free thinking common in the late style of the great composers. It's not an exaggeration to call Rzewski great–he has produced some of the finest music of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. And he has constantly shown in his work and comments, he is ever irreverent about the world around him and the classical tradition. That may be a long journey from the seriousness of youth, yet Rzewski keeps showing how essential it is.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Whether the administrative organization of people in the humanities takes the form of a department of English, philosophy, history, or comparative literature, etc., in the modern university, humanistic disciplines continue to reflect the institution in which they reside, even as that institution submits them to "two cultures," "science wars," or corporatization. Neither disciplinary distinctiveness, group identity, nor solidarity within the humanities as a division protect these forms of inquiry and exchange against dominant institutional imperatives and incursions. As a traditional container for academic activity, departments contribute to what is increasingly becoming a black box nexus of activity around the individual players: the black box being a reduction of a complex process to simply its inputs and outputs with the box around process itself.


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From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary Englisharbiterar‧bi‧ter /ˈɑːbɪtə $ ˈɑːrbɪtər/ noun [countable] 1 KNOW somethingsomeone who influences society's opinions about what is stylish, socially acceptable etc The designer has received rave reviews from such arbiters of taste as 'Elle' magazine.2 ARGUEsomeone or something that settles an argument between two opposing sides SYN judge The European Court of Justice will be the final arbiter (=make the final decision) in the dispute.
arbiter• The Houses of Parliament are also the final arbiters of the tenure of office of judges of the Supreme Court.• That was the key - the final arbiter of success or failure.• The real arbiters of fashion at the Super Show are the retailers.• The best sort of customers were important in themselves but they were more important as the arbiters of social fashion.• Once again the United States seemed to be the arbiter of war and peace in the Middle East.• Though everybody pays lip service to performance, politics is often the ultimate arbiter of their fate.• Many a western arbiter of taste frowned upon the above paintings when in the form of gilt-framed reproductions.arbiters of taste• The haute bourgeoisie saw themselves as the arbiters of taste and the artistic heirs of the system of patronage.the final arbiter• The Houses of Parliament are also the final arbiters of the tenure of office of judges of the Supreme Court.• Who will be the final arbiter?• But he is, none the less, the head of the family, the final arbiter.• Science is the final arbiter and a self-correcting process in the development of trustworthy knowledge.• The party has the right of appeal to the Secretary of State who is the final arbiter.• That was the key - the final arbiter of success or failure.From Longman Business Dictionaryarbiterar‧bi‧ter /ˈɑːbɪtəˈɑːrbɪtər/ noun [countable]1HUMAN RESOURCESa person or organization with the authority to decide how something should be doneThe Food and Drug Administration is the final arbiter of food labeling.2ORGANIZATIONSHUMAN RESOURCESJOBa person or organization that tries to find solutions to disagreementsBusinessmen here often hire freelance arbiters to settle disputes.Origin arbiter (1300-1400) Old French arbitre, from Latin arbiter


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Undergrads » UW-Madison REU Program
The Astronomy Department and the Astrophysics group of the Physics Department will host a Research Experiences for Undergraduates program in Astronomy and Astrophysics for several students for the ten weeks from May 31st to August 6th, 2021. Applications received by Feb 15th will receive full consideration. By agreement among NSF supported REU Astronomy programs, notification of acceptance will be no earlier than March 1st. Click here for application information.
Key Dates for the summer-of-2021 program:
Application webpage opens: around November 1st, 2020
Application deadline (incl. reference letters): February 15th, 2021
Acceptance notification: No earlier than March 1st, 2021
First day of program: May 31st 2020
Last day of program: August 6th, 2020
Important notes on COVID-19:
Given the ungoing uncertainty due to Covid-19, these dates are subject to change, and (for now) should be taken as a general guideline only!
At this time we are planning to hold our REU program if at all possible. Depending on the state of the pandemic during the next summer this might mean we will have a virtual-only program. While this means some projects would not be feasible (e.g. projects involving developing instrumentation or lab-based work), we demonstrated in summer of 2020 that this is nevertheless an productive method of gaining research experience. Feel free to contact the REU director or possible mentors if you are uncertain about whether a project would be possible in this virtual-only setting.
Participants will work in Madison with researchers in the Astronomy Department and the Astrophysics group of the Physics Department. Projects may include work in the following areas:
astrophysical detectors
data analysis in cosmology
X-ray astrophysics
neutrino astrophysics
neutron stars, white dwarfs, and black holes
observational stellar astronomy
observational interstellar medium
theoretical work in galactic dynamics
theoretical neutrino astrophysics
theoretical work in the chemistry and dynamics of interstellar matter
Facilities include the 3.5m WIYN optical telescope, the 11m SALT telescope, and the Northern Extended Millimeter Array; some projects may involve observing with or working with data from these facilities. Participants will not be able to visit our large South Polar neutrino detector (Amanda/IceCube), but can work with its observations. Students can also work with data from Antarctic balloon-based cosmic microwave background experiments, rocket-borne X-ray detectors, Spitzer infrared observations of the Galactic plane, and the Wisconsin H-alpha Mapper. The program includes a directed research project, an engaging weekly lecture series, organized weekend field trips, and other less structured social events - perhaps Summerfest in Milwaukee. Students will also be encouraged to participate in the successful (and fun!) NSF/Wisconsin outreach program Universe in the Park (pending state of the COVID-19 pandemic during the summer of 2021).
Our REU program includes a stipend and food allowance of $5,600, as well as reasonable travel expenses to/from Madison. Students will be housed with those participating in other summer research programs. They will be invited to participate in several interdisciplinary programs including discussions on scientific ethics, and a university-wide welcome and orientation. They will have access to library and campus recreational facilities, such as sailing on Lake Mendota.
Currently, participants must be citizens or permanent residents of the U.S. We highly value diversity among our participants; women, members of under-represented minorities, and students from small colleges are all encouraged to apply. We expect to accept 8-10 students for the 2021 REU cohort.
For further information, please email us at reu@astro.wisc.edu
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number 1004881, AST-1560016, and AST-1852136. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
2018 REU program results
Giant Planet Orbiting Tiny White Dwarf
Brand new UW-Madison Professor Andrew Vanderburg and his team discovered the first known gas giant…
09.16.2020 | Continue Reading »
UW Astronomy on the Cover of Nature
UW astronomers published research on the Magellanic Stream that is featured on the cover of the…
Congratulations, Chambliss and Sigma-Xi Winner Anthony Taylor
UW-Madison Astronomy grad student wins AAS Chambliss and Sigma-Xi Grant.


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RICHARD REEVES: Bush's real opposition: conservatives
Sun | Opinion
Richard Reeves — Mar 29th, 2002
It looks as if President Bush's honeymoon is over. He's fine with the American people - his personal approval rating is still in the 80 percent range - but his own natives, Republican movement conservatives, are already restless.
Like Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan before him, Bush is already being branded as an appeaser of liberals and a sellout on a range of issues dear to the right-side hearts of many of his party's faithful. These are, it must be mentioned, impossible people who, more often than not, prefer to lose on principle than win through compromise.
They hate Washington and all it stands for, which is compromise and government of all the people. Unfortunately for them, presidents, even their own, have to work in this town - and that means compromising, however reluctantly, with the opposition in Congress and the vast bureaucracies of governance and liberal constituencies.
Like baseball, it happens every spring. This year, even with overwhelming conservative (and liberal, too) support of the president in our officially undeclared war on terrorism, there are the right's gripes of the moment:
* The president from Texas, lusting for Hispanic votes in his own state and in California, is too friendly with Mexico, pushing amnesty for illegal immigrants from south of the Rio Grande and San Diego.
* He has sold out free-traders by imposing old-fashioned tariffs on the import of foreign steel - or he is just chasing Democratic voters in Pennsylvania and West Virginia.
* He may have been holding his nose when he did it, but he signed the campaign-finance reform bill pushed by Democratic senator Russell Feingold of Wisconsin and apostate Republican senator John McCain of Arizona.
* As part of the war effort, he is advocating a 50 percent increase in the United States' minuscule foreign aid program. This one rebukes conservatives who were determined to set in stone the idea that there is no connection between poverty in the poor regions of the world and hatred and terrorism directed at the richest of nations, the United States.
* He is pushing Israel to compromise in its endless war against the Palestinians in the occupied territories of Gaza and the West Bank.
* He is pushing education policy and legislation that would increase federal influence in states, counties and towns across the country - a big no-no to movement conservatives.
* He is not pushing tax cuts the way he did during the campaign, partly because war and educational reform cost huge amounts of taxpayer revenues.
Most of this was bound to happen, and any ideological president, Republican or Democrat, is eventually forced to betray campaign promises and core constituencies. The only difference this time is that because of continuing public support for military action (and its high costs), Bush is beginning to take more flak from his own kind than from the loyal opposition.
In the conservatives' favorite newspaper, The Washington Times, political columnist Donald Lambro began a news analysis last week by saying: "President Bush's about-face on trade tariffs, stricter campaign-finance regulations and other deviations from Republican doctrine is beginning to anger his conservative foot soldiers but does not seem to be cutting into his overall popularity - yet."
John Berthoud, president of the National Taxpayers Union, puts it this way: "We're very disappointed about these new tariffs on steel and lumber. That's two new tax hikes on the American people. ... There's a concern among our members that in his effort to build and keep this coalition for the war, which is certainly needed, he's given Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle and the forces of big government a free pass."
Phyllis Schlafly, president of the Eagle Forum, added: "He's been getting a pass from us until now, but the amnesty bill is what tipped it over for us. I agree with Sen. Robert Byrd (a Democrat). This is 'sheer lunacy.' ... A lot of people thought Bush's education bill was terrible. But we didn't rant and rave about it because we wanted to support him on the war. That's changed. The amnesty bill is the hot issue out here. It's out of sync with what grassroots Americans want."
Finally, Stephen Moore, president of the conservative Club for Growth, said: "The danger for us is that Bush may begin to take the conservatives for granted, and you are seeing some signs of that happening with the steel tariff decision, foreign aid and other spending increases in the budget."
So it goes. There is nothing new about this. In the 1970s, William F. Buckley and other conservative leaders publicly "suspended" their support of President Richard Nixon because of what they considered his liberal moves toward welfare reform, tariffs and other issues considered part of the liberal domestic agenda - to say nothing of his reaching out to communist China.
But in the end, Nixon kept them in line by pushing the war in Vietnam beyond reasonable limits. George Bush could accomplish the same political goal of uniting conservative support by continuing to push the war on terrorism into far nooks and crannies of the whole world.
Reach Richard Reeves, editor and columnist for New York magazine and Esquire, at c/o Universal Press Syndicate, 4520 Main St., Suite 600, Kansas City, MO 64111.
Bush knows how to shoot back
After months of pounding by the Democratic presidential candidates and many in the media, President Bush struck back Tuesday night. In his State of the Union speech, he did something unusual for him: He took on the arguments of critics about his foreign ... [Read More...]
Canadian Government Toppled With a No-Confidence Vote
Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin pauses as he addresses his caucus after his liberal minority government was defeated in the House of Commons on Parliament Hill by the opposition parties in a vote of no-confidence Monday in Ottawa. Jonathan Hayward | Associated Press A ... [Read More...]
Bush's steel tariff melts
Longshore workers prepare to unload the first shipload of unprocessed steel at the new $221 million BHP Coated Steel Corp. mill near Kalama in southern Washington. President Bush dropped the tariffs Thursday on imported steel before the World Trade Organization's dispute settlement body meets ... [Read More...]
The predictable fall of Rep. Tom DeLay
@Normal:RICHARD REEVES reeves@amuniversal.com @Text - Columnists:LOS ANGELES — Nineteen years ago, on June 17, 1986, President Ronald Reagan nominated Associate Justice William Rehnquist to be chief justice of the United States, and then named a Court of Appeals judge, Antonin Scalia, to ... [Read More...]
Bush shows that his ears have been burning
Jan 21st, 2004
WASHINGTON -- President Bush's State of the Union speech showed just how closely he and his staff have been following the fight for the Democratic presidential nomination, and how conscious they are of the opposition's emerging campaign themes 10 long months before Election Day. ... [Read More...]


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Unwavering: A County Committed to Country, Part One.
rlbert00
By all accounts, the story of George L. Vroman is not extraordinary. Having grown up in a small town, in a small county, in one of the youngest states in the Union, he seems to have only been doing his patriotic duty when he volunteered for the United States Army following the U.S. entry to World War One in April of 1917. On January 17, 1918, Private George L. Vroman took his place in history, local history at least, when he became the first serviceman from the city of Casper in the county of Natrona, Wyoming to die overseas in service to his country during World War One. Like his life to that point, Vroman's death was not extraordinary, he succumbed to pneumonia after contracting a severe cold upon his arrival in France; he was thirty-one years old.
Vroman's story is just one among many, though it is indeed the first and worthy of note, of the men of Natrona County Wyoming that served during World War One. Like the Spanish-American War before it, the men of Natrona County seemed more willing than most to put their lives on hold in deference to the call of their country. There seems to be nothing particularly unique about the people of Natrona County, so why then did the men of Natrona County serve during the war at a rate so disproportionate to the general population of the county? According to a report published by the Adjutant General of Wyoming in January 1919, the state of Wyoming provided more than 12,000 men for the army; approximately seven percent of the state's population, which is considerable considering the average for the whole country was around four percent. However, the people of Natrona County provided two thousand men to the war effort, a number that represents twelve percent of the county's population. Natrona County exceeded most counties throughout the country in manpower contribution to the war effort in proportion to its population. This article will show an ordinary county of ordinary people that exhibited an extraordinary dedication to their nation. It is hoped that a portrait will emerge, a portrait of patriotic populace committed to doing their part in a foreign war in a place few of them had previously given a second thought in an effort to forge their own identity in this newly established state.
This article will examine the earliest years of the state of Wyoming, and particularly Natrona County, in an attempt to establish a basis for background information on the people of the county. Through the examination of the early history of Natrona County, it is hoped that an insight will be gained that shows why the people of Natrona County felt so compelled to contribute to the war effort in both human and financial capital. Nearly as consequential as the manpower contribution to the war effort was the extent to which the community rallied to the assistance of the local chapter of the American Red Cross, making cash donations on an almost unprecedented scale. In the days following President Woodrow Wilson's declaration of war, the only thing that consumed the residents of Natrona County more than acquiring the services of enough volunteers to field an independent company of the Wyoming National Guard was outshining the numerous other cities and towns in the state of Wyoming in their support for the Red Cross through volunteers and monetary donations.
An extensive examination of newspaper articles will provide a glimpse at public sentiment during the days following President Wilson's war declaration. The picture presented through the local newspapers is one of a city and county fully engaged in the patriotic fervor that swept the nation in those days. Grade schools held patriotic programs; cultural organizations held mass rallies; the city and county governments held parades and concerts, all to raise the patriotic sentiment of the masses to a fever pitch to maximize volunteerism and mitigate disloyalty among the citizens. Any citizens found to have been negligent in registering for the draft as was required was branded a "slacker" and subsequently arrested and jailed for their infraction. Not only were "slackers" punished for their indiscretions, any recruits branded as "lazy" were deemed unsuitable as volunteers for the National Guard. The people of Natrona County were clearly completely invested in the war effort, "slackers" and the "lazy" aside, whether they had any inkling of the global consequence of such a conflict. On that note, the newspaper articles show a sense of pride in the number of men from the county that "responded loyally to a call for U.S. recruits".
Natrona County, Wyoming
There was nothing particularly noteworthy regarding the history, albeit brief prior to World War One, of the state of Wyoming. Having been carved out of the Dakota Territory, Utah Territory, and Idaho Territory, the construction of the Union Pacific Railroad did more to bring about the organization of Wyoming Territory than any other single event, individual, or entity. President Andrew Johnson signed the act organizing Wyoming Territory on 25 July 1868. After the organization of the territory, residents almost immediately began lobbying for statehood and would do so for the next 22 years. Wyoming never experienced a population boom similar to those of surrounding territories and with that lack of population, Territorial Governor Thomas Moonlight put the 1888 census at approximately 55,000 which was 5,000 short of the 60,000 considered necessary for statehood. In 1889, Territorial Governor Francis E. Warren defied Congress and called a constitutional convention despite not meeting the population standard established by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. The Constitution of Wyoming was adopted shortly thereafter, and keeping with the theme, mostly borrowed from the constitutions of other states the only identifying aspect of that document was the article granting women suffrage. Congress passed and President Benjamin Harrison signed the Wyoming statehood bill recognizing Wyoming as a state on July 10, 1890; Wyoming was but an amalgamation of segments of other territories, guided by a constitution predominantly borrowed from other states in the region. Much like our valiant young man mentioned in the introduction, George L. Vroman, there is little noteworthy in the story of Wyoming.
Also in 1890, after a battle that had consumed over two years and involved gubernatorial vetoes, legislative overrides and ultimately the ousting of the same territorial governor, the new territorial governor Francis E. Warren enacted legislation to form a new county, carved out of the previously established Carbon County. Named after the natural deposits of Trona, the primary source of sodium carbonate, found throughout the area, the thirteenth Wyoming County would be named Natrona County. Territorial Governor Warren made the appointments and adopted the petition recognizing Natrona County as the newest county in Wyoming on 3 March 1890 and quickly began to rise to prominence as the most populace county in the territory.
Before Wyoming was officially recognized by Congress as a state, the location that would become Casper, Wyoming, Natrona County's most populated city, was an important way station on the Emigrant Trail that fed the westward migration during the nineteenth century. The location of present-day Casper would be an important crossing point of the North Platte River for travelers of the Oregon, Mormon Pioneer, and California Trails as well as the Pony Express. Originally established as a military outpost, in 1847 during the first of many Mormon wagon trains from the winter quarters in Nebraska to modern day Utah, Brigham Young commissioned the construction of a ferry to aid in the crossing of the flooded North Platte River at the site. After the Mormons moved on, the ferrymen continued to offer their services to other emigrants intending to cross the North Platte. In 1859, Louis Guinard built a trading post and a bridge across the North Platte at the same location that the ferry had previously operated and with the arrival of the Ohio Volunteer Cavalry in 1862, Platte Bridge Station was born.
Companies A, B, C, and D of the First Regiment of the 6th Ohio Volunteer Cavalry were sent to the area to protect the people and property of the Overland Mail Company and the Pacific Telegraph. Companies A, B, C, and D of the 6th Ohio Volunteer Cavalry would be joined by Companies E, F, G, and H of the 11th Ohio Volunteer Cavalry in 1863 and Companies A, B, C, and D of the 11th Ohio Volunteer Cavalry in 1865 were scheduled to arrive at Platte Bridge Station in 1865. Obviously, the reason for the troop buildup was an increase in Indian activity in the area, it had gotten so bad that the Postmaster General ordered the route through Platte Bridge Station abandoned and mail service conducted along the Overland Trail of southern Wyoming.
The tensions with the numerous tribes in the area would come to head in July 1865 when Arapaho, Cheyenne and Lakota Indians mustered to launch an attack on Platte Bridge Station. On July 26th, a squad of men led by Lieutenant Caspar Collins was sent out to guard a supply train headed west. Collins and his men were ambushed not far from the bridge and in the ensuing Battle of Platte Bridge Station, five men including Collins were killed during the fight. In honor of Lieutenant Caspar Collins, the military outpost at Platte Bridge Station was renamed Fort Caspar. The Army deciding to use his first name to distinguish the fort from one further south named after his father Lieutenant William Collins at present-day Ft. Collins, Colorado. Fort Caspar would be abandoned in 1867 but emigrants and ranchers would begin flooding the area during the 1870s and the arrival of the Fremont, Elkhorn, and Missouri Valley Railroad in 1888 would mark the rise of the city of Casper.
With the arrival of the Fremont, Elkhorn, and Missouri Valley Railroad, Casper became a vital terminal in the region for the shipping of cattle and wool, the region was in fact dominated by massive ranches given to raising cattle and sheep. From its inception, when John Merritt first camped on the banks of the North Platte, Casper was a rough frontier town dominated by cowboys, sheepherders, Indians, and prostitutes. The new railroad terminal would soon begin to be exploited by a completely different industry, one that would transform Casper from a rough frontier town into a rough western city: oil, giving the city a new nickname: the Oil City. Forty miles north of Casper in northern Natrona County is home to the most significant oil field in Wyoming, the Salt Creek Field, where production had begun around 1908 and which by 1970 had produced more oil than any other field in the Rocky Mountain West. The oil boom in Natrona County was so significant that it resulted in the construction of five oil refineries in and around the city of Casper, one of which was the massive Standard Oil Refinery which was completed just before the outbreak of World War One in March 1914 and when it was expanded in 1922 it became the largest gasoline producing refinery in the world. Undeniably, the city of Casper and Natrona County had gone through profound changes between 1888 and 1914. In his seminal work on the early history of Natrona County, Alfred Mokler writes that between 1888 and 1922, a scant thirty-four years, "is not a very long time for the building up of city with an assessed value of twenty-seven million dollars and the home of twenty-seven thousand people-one thousand dollars for each and every man, woman and child in the city; the largest, the most progressive and most prosperous city in Wyoming". An nearly miraculous transformation in the thirty-four years since John Merritt first pitched his tent on the banks of the North Platte River.
The World goes to War
While the people of Casper and Natrona County were busy accomplishing that impressive feat, the nations of Europe were doing what they seemingly do best: bickering among themselves, relentlessly marching toward war. By 1914, through a complex series of entangling alliances, sides had been chosen, all that was needed was the spark to ignite the powder keg that had been building up during the preceding decades. That spark came when Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the nephew of the Emperor of the Austro-Hungarian Empire Emperor Franz Josef and the heir to the throne of that empire, was assassinated while inspecting the Hapsburg Army in Sarajevo, Bosnia on 28 June 1914. The man responsible, a Yugoslavian nationalist named Gavrilo Princip, was an alleged member of a Serbian nationalist group called the Black Hand and based on his loose affiliation with said group, the blame for the assassination fell squarely on the Kingdom of Serbia. This led to the major belligerents of World War One moving to full mobilization against one another, the nations of Europe were lined up, the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom, France, and Russia on one side and the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary on the other. War formally broke out one month after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, 28 July 1914.
In the first major action of the war, the German army invaded Belgium on 4 August 1914, as part of the modified Schlieffen Plan for their attack on France and their ultimate objective: Paris. It was hoped by the German high command that they would succeed in knocking the French out of the war so that they could then focus on the Russians on the Eastern Front. Unfortunately for the Germans, their hostile actions against neutral Belgium resulted in Great Britain formally entering the war, further complicating their objectives. The German invasion of France was initially very successful, coming within fifty miles of the French capital. Thanks to a good deal of luck and a fair share of tenacity, the Western Allies were able to halt the German advance at the Marne River, where afterward the war settled into the horrendous stalemate of trench warfare that exemplifies World War One.
The war on the Eastern Front began with the simultaneous Russian invasions of East Prussia and the Austro-Hungarian province of Galicia on 17 August 1914. The war in the East, unlike that in the West, was not necessarily a one-sided affair, at least in the early days. Of the two early Russian attacks, the invasion of East Prussia failed miserably but the invasion of Galicia was very successful and provided the Russians with a foothold within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This type of back and forth would develop into a pattern on the Eastern Front, the Russians would succeed in their initial assault but they would then be thrown back by the German army. One such example was the 1916 Brusilov Offensive, a Russian offensive carried out to relieve pressure off the Italian front that worked very well in its initial phases but was eventually thrown back by the Germans. The Eastern Front also could not escape the almost inevitable outcome of both sides resorting to trench warfare when things failed to turn out as their preliminary expectations had planned for.
The war would slog on in this manner for the next three years, all sides fighting a war of attrition in hopes of bleeding the other side into submission. In a last ditch effort to knock the British out of the war, the Germans made the fateful decision to resort to unrestricted submarine warfare. The thinking behind the decision was that Britain being an island nation relied substantially on imports, which had to be brought in by sea. If the Germans could halt British imports by destroying their commercial shipping vessels, perhaps they could starve the British into submission, much like the blockade the British had in place against Germany.
Unrestricted submarine warfare was viewed by most nations as a morally bankrupt policy that was an abomination. It was firmly believed that submarines, when they made contact with a non-military vessel, were to surface, announce their presence and intentions, wait for those on board to disembark and then they could fire on the vessel. As the name would suggest, unrestricted submarine warfare casts those conditions aside and engaged all maritime vessels, military or commercial, without surfacing or announcing their intentions. While this tactic was in fact successful for the Germans on a tactical level, "in the first three months of the campaign, the Germans sank 255,000 gross tons of allied shipping," on a more broad level it has to be considered that unrestricted submarine warfare ultimately cost the Germans the war. It was after all, at the end of the day, the German decision to institute the policy of unrestricted submarine warfare that brought the United States into the war on the side of the Entente; widely considered the final nail in the coffin for Germany in World War One.
On 2 April 1917, President Woodrow Wilson presented his declaration of war to the United States Congress, stating that "With a profound sense of the solemn and even tragic character of the step I am taking and of the grave responsibilities which it involves, but in unhesitating obedience to what I deem my constitutional duty, I advise that the Congress declare the recent course of the Imperial German Government to be in fact nothing less than war against the Government and people of the United States; that it formally accept the status of belligerent which has thus been thrust upon it, and that it take immediate steps not only to put the country in a more thorough state of defense but also to exert all its power and employ all its resources to bring the Government of the German Empire to terms and end the war." With that, the United States formally found itself in a state of war with the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary.
Natrona County Mobilizes for War
In response to the President's request for a declaration of war, Wyoming Congressman Frank Wheeler Mondell responded that "And so regretfully, but with firm determination, the Republic draws the sword, firm in the conviction that we fight the battle of human rights against the excesses of despotic power." While this reluctant patriotic declaration was being entered into the Congressional record, back at the Henning Hotel in Casper, Wyoming, former Wyoming governor B.B. Brooks was reciting the President's declaration to a rather solemn crowd that had gathered beneath a waving American flag. When the governor was finished the crowd, numbering nearly one thousand, began singing "America" in a show of solidarity. This episode would be but one example of how this particular city and county would respond to their nation's call to arms, a response that would eventually involve nearly every civil and social organization throughout the county.
The people of Natrona County, as was the case throughout Wyoming and the rest of the nation, began their mobilization for war despite a lack of clarity of message from Washington. One issue that was creating consternation, both in Washington D.C. and Natrona County, was how to fill the ranks of the United States Army and Navy. The debate had ranged from whether to maintain the previously established National Guard as the country's main line of defense, or whether to commit to the formation of a new "continental" army. The Continental Army of the Revolutionary War had been established and brought together the state militias and volunteers to better serve the military objective of the thirteen colonies during the American Revolution. The new "regular" army would need to be staffed, the manner in which was the source of considerable debate. In 1917, the decision was made to resort to conscription to fill the ranks of the regular army as opposed to the wartime tradition of volunteers. During the nineteenth century, "the United States raised armies through the use of United States Volunteers: ad hoc units, locally raised and led, but armed, financed, and directed by national authorities." The decision to implement a draft was a controversial decision, one that President Wilson ultimately convinced Congress was a necessary step on 19 April 1917, when he referred to it as "the fair way, the democratic way." On 18 May 1917, President Wilson signed the Selective Draft Act, codifying the decision to implement a wartime conscription.
With that debate settled, the preparations for war began in earnest. In Natrona County many young men opted to volunteer for military service rather than wait to be drafted. However, it seems the people of Natrona County didn't initially respond with the fervor indicated by their ultimate contribution to the war effort. Civic leaders took issue with the perceived lack of contribution, foremost among them was B.B. Brooks who questioned the fortitude of the people of Casper. If there is one thing the people of Wyoming, seem to take as a personal challenge, it is the idea that others are doing more than they, particularly others such as Colorado or California to list a couple, it is true now and it was almost certainly true then. That was the route that the distinguished former governor chose to take, claiming that the men and women of Casper and Natrona County were not doing their part and that he was "amazed and astonished at the spirit shown in California. There everyone is doing something, everyone is making a sacrifice to aid the country. It is time the people of Casper stopped their mad rush long enough to realize the hardships and self-denial that others are called upon to suffer and practice." In the early going, in the eyes of some, the contribution of the people of Casper and Natrona County was far from the level needed to achieve the kind of numbers that would ultimately represent them during World War One.
However, merely a week after Brooks made those remarks and sixteen days before the President signed the Selective Draft Act, twenty-one men from Natrona County had volunteered to be part of the first company of Company L of the Wyoming National Guard; a response so positive that local leaders and the commander of Company L, Lieutenant J. E. Frisby, determined to double their efforts. Local leaders believed that for Natrona County to be able to hold their heads up, they would need to furnish enough volunteers to fully staff an independent company for the National Guard, of which a minimum of sixty-five men were needed, rather than having their volunteers pooled together with another unit. Appropriately, the State Quartermaster for the National Guard, Major Arthur Parker, addressed a public meeting and stated that "Casper is the best town in the state, there is wealth of good material here and there is no reason why you shouldn't be able to organize a company" and he continued "when I stepped off the train this morning I noticed there were more people on the street at seven o'clock this morning than there are in Cheyenne at five in the afternoon." Hyperbole or not, the effort was in full swing in Casper and Natrona County to field their own company for the Wyoming National Guard as a sense of civic pride.
To capitalize on that sense of civic pride, Casper city officials organized a public patriotic meeting for May 11th that the local newspaper wrote "fired enthusiasm to white heat" in their desire to field a company of the National Guard. The Casper Daily Tribune led off their coverage of this important meeting with the statement that "Casper scores one thousand percent in spirit within ten days" in reference to the lackadaisical enthusiasm from a previous meeting. This meeting took place in the local Iris Theater which was decked out in all the necessary patriotic accoutrements: American flags, bunting, respected speakers, and an orchestra that played nationalistic tomes including The Star-Spangled Banner. The crowd of nearly 1,200 people listened to speeches from former Governor B.B. Brooks, Judge C.E. Winter, and Major Parker, who again invoked the long held rivalry between Wyoming's two biggest cities when he stated that "I have attended patriotic meetings in every town and city in Wyoming, but this beats anything I have ever seen." The fact was now driven home that Casper would get no "credit" for men who enlisted in the regular army, the only way for the people of Casper and Natrona County to truly do their part would be to furnish an independent company for the National Guard, something that communities with smaller populations had already achieved.
On June 29th, it was determined that the men of Casper and Natrona County had answered the call to arms in sufficient numbers for them to field an independent company of the Wyoming National Guard, ultimately they registered one hundred ninety-six men of which they merely required 150; one of which was the aforementioned George L. Vroman. 196 volunteered but when one considers that the entire county would commit two thousand men to the war effort, the volunteers amounted to ten percent of the total contribution.
The majority of the men that would serve from Casper and Natrona County would find their way into service through conscription as the men of the county, of course, would not be exempt from compulsory military service. The decision to implement the draft to fill the ranks of the United States Army was a controversial one, to say the least. President Wilson had initially sought to rely entirely on the United States Volunteers and was opposed to implementing the draft. Ultimately, however, the President acquiesced to those calling for a draft and signed into law the Selective Draft Act of 1917 on May 18th, authorizing the implementation of the draft. The execution of the Selective Service System would be passed down to the state governments that would carry-out the day to day machinations of fulfilling their respective obligations. To aid the process, an extensive propaganda campaign was to be unleashed prior to the registration day of June 5th. As part of this campaign, public officials, local business organizations, churches, and local clubs would join in concerted displays of patriotic enthusiasm to encourage men to register. The people of Natrona County were not exempt from participating in this campaign. Along with the patriotic display conducted at the Iris Theater, local benevolent organizations, elementary schools, and churches held programs, put on parades, and made public appeals for the men of the county to register for the draft. One such example occurred April 11th, and would continue every Wednesday for several weeks, at Park Elementary School in Casper. These presentations would consist of speakers, patriotic songs and readings and would be presided over by a Mrs. H.R. Lathrop, the local regent of the local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, which currently bills itself as "a non-profit, non-political volunteer women's service organization dedicated to promoting patriotism, preserving American history, and securing America's future through better education for children."
While the use of propaganda to support the war effort is a regular theme throughout the historiography of World War One, it seems that propaganda played little role in arousing public support for the war in Natrona County. The daily newspaper is littered with multiple ads appealing to the public to buy Liberty Bonds, saying "YOUR Country Calls YOU, Have You Bought a Liberty Bond?" Based on research conducted for this paper, the only other use of what might be considered propaganda through the daily newspaper, is the use of the Pledge of Allegiance. Beginning April 3rd the Casper Daily Tribune included on a daily basis a reprinting of the Pledge of Allegiance to the United States. Though there is little doubt that other arenas and methods of selling the war were used in Natrona County during 1917, evidence of such is lacking.
The composition of the draft board for Natrona County, for some inexplicable reason, seems to be shrouded in mystery. The Selective Service System called for the draft to be handled at the state level, therefore there seem to have been no real uniform plan for implementing the draft. In Natrona County, the committee tasked with conducting the registration consisted of the county sheriff Hugh L. Patton, the county clerk, and the county physician Dr. T.A. Dean. Unfortunately for our purposes, again inexplicably, this committee either kept no records of their activities or the committee records have been destroyed. Neither the county sheriff's office nor the county clerk's office contained any records of their leadership's activities during World War One. Perusing the records on file at the Wyoming State Archives turned up some records of draft activities from surrounding counties but records from Natrona County are nonexistent. Unfortunately this incomprehensible oversight has resulted in an enormous gaping hole in the history of Natrona County!
What little is known about the draft committee and their activities can be found in the Casper Daily Tribune. Based on guidelines as part of the Selective Draft Act and an estimated population of 7,500, Natrona County's quota military service was to be six hundred men. On June 5th, when the initial draft registration was completed, the total number of men registered within Natrona County was 2,200, nearly four times as the number needed to fill the ranks. The first call to arms came on July 20th when Natrona County was called on to select fifty-seven men for service in Europe. Approximately three weeks later, from August 7th to the 9th another one hundred and two men were summoned for service totaling 159 men drafted in the first waves of the draft. Adding the total number of men conscripted to the 196 men that had previously volunteered totals 355 men in uniform a mere four months after President Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war. By March of 1918, another 582 men would be called into service from Natrona County, making the total at that point over 1,346 in uniform, 700 over the established quota for the county. By the time all was said and done, two thousand men from Natrona County would serve the country in some way, not necessarily fighting on the front lines in France, that number represents nearly twelve and one-half percent of the county's estimated population of 16,000. This number stands out as extraordinary as the state of Wyoming sent an average of seven percent of its population and the national average was around four percent.
While the manpower contribution of Natrona County was exceptional, equaled by very few counties throughout the country, the people of Natrona County made equally exceptional contributions in other areas as well. While the men of Company L of the Wyoming National Guard were encamped at the Central Wyoming Fairgrounds in preparation for deployment, the entertainment committee of the Casper Civic Club set out to raise a mess fund for the men to take with them. The total raised amounted to over $450 prior to the company's departure from Casper, not a paltry sum for that time and place. This fund raising effort merely scratched the surface of the largesse of the local community, the astonishing fundraising effort would benefit one of the nation's most charitable organizations
To be continued...
Rationing Fashion: Women's Clothing of WWII
by Addy Bell32
History of Military Conscription in the United States
by Chuck Nugent0
World War One: The War's Impact On British Women
by Simran Singh0
Twentieth Century History
Volunteering for War & the Changing Image of the Soldier: A Look at the British Soldier at the Turn of the 20th Century
by John Bolt0
World War 1 History: The Sea Devil and His Sailing Ship Raider Sea Eagle
by David Hunt5
Major Inventions & Discoveries
The Soaring History of Kites
by Mohan Kumar38
History of the Modern Era
English Civil War: The Battle of Camp Hill
by James Kenny5
Arms & Weapons History
RMS Caronia - A Dazzling Surprise
by Bill Yovino8


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


SASSA has been inundated with concerns regarding what happens after the current social grant payment contract with Cash Paymaster Services (CPS) expires at the end of March. This is understandable, given the fact that the ConCourt declared the current contract invalid but however, suspended the invalidity declaration. The Minister of Social Development, Bathabile Dlamini subsequently set up a task team to look at the modalities of a system in which SASSA takes over the payment of social grants in-house. Social grant beneficiaries will continue to be paid as usual and on time even beyond April 2017 and there will be no disruptions to the system, given the sterling work of the task team.
Consultations were held with various stakeholders in an effort to determine what the best model would be and a solution had to be found in order to minimize potential unintended consequences. That process took an unexpected longer time, given the competing business and other interests of interested parties. SASSA also has a responsibility to deliver quality service to beneficiaries without system hiccups and therefore it had to follow a thorough process to determine the best solution. We are currently finalising consultations with the Reserve Bank and the National Treasury.
Given the nature of the essential service SASSA provides, there is a need for an efficient and tested solution as well as a matching, sizeable human and material investment. These are some of the realities SASSA is facing, which will be detailed when SASSA goes public on the whole matter next week.
SASSA will present its plan on how social grants will be paid out as from April 2017 to the Social development Portfolio Committee. This presentation to the committee will be made on the 1st February 2017 in Parliament and will clarify all perceived uncertainties that interested parties have expressed.
Social grant beneficiaries will continue to be paid as usual and on time even beyond April 2017 and there will be no disruptions in the system. There is therefore no need to panic from the side of beneficiaries. If beneficiaries are promised something too good to be true or if they are unsure of anything, they should contact SASSA on its official social media pages or call 0800 60 10 11 for more information. This is because false reports misrepresenting SASSA have been spread in the traditional and social media requesting beneficiaries to change their cards and do all sorts of things in anticipation of the new grant payment system. Beneficiaries are cautioned not to fall easy prey to false rumours peddled by people who don't have their interest at heart but an intention to rob them their right to social security.
SASSA will ensure that their grants are received unencumbered as required by the Social Assistance Act. This is because some beneficiaries currently experience unauthorised deductions from unscrupulous operators within the financial services sector and it is therefore important that these are eliminated. As an institution acting in the best interest of the beneficiary it is important for SASSA to ensure that all practices undermining government's fight against poverty are dealt a death blow no matter their form and character.


After the underwhelming Kill Uncle album 1991, Morrissey rebounded the following year in a huge way with Your Arsenal, undoubtedly the former Smiths frontman's best solo album. Produced by the late Mick Ronson, Your Arsenal is a masterpiece that paired Moz's charismatic vocal style and sardonic lyrics against dynamic and electrifying glam-inspired music courtesy of guitarist Alain Whyte, whom Morrissey would collaborate with for over a decade. From the opening tracks "You're Gonna Need Someone at Your Side" and "Glamorous Glue," through the rockabilly "Certain People We Know" and and the dramatic" I Know It's Gonna Happen," Your Arsenal captured Morrissey at the height of his cult popularity in fine form. This reissue of Morrissey's classic also carries a DVD of a vintage live performance from Mountain View, California in 1991 – a nice appetizer for those attending Moz's upcoming shows in the States later this year.


Perfect place to start! Couldn't help but chuckle when the Dean called you daft–in a way!
I know! How cheeky of him. 'Not as daft as you look' – so I still look daft, then! Pah!
I know. He should have been…slapped!
He should have been. But even I wouldn't dare slap The Dean. Maybe he meant it in a nice way? Hmm.
I think he did. The Dean just wasn't thinking much at the time.
Which is understandable, he had other things on his mind.


text:
Joe Biden Thinks Anita Hill Holding Him Responsible For How She Was Treated Is "Unfair" — REPORT
By Caitlin Cruz
Theo Wargo/Getty Images Entertainment/Getty Images
As the midterms approach and it becomes more timely to speculate about potential presidential runs, news reports are circulating about challenges for the potential candidates. Look no further than a New York Times report about former Vice President Joe Biden and his treatment of Anita Hill during her testimony in front of the Senate Judiciary Committee in the 90s.
With similar committee hearings dominating headlines — down to the angry men yelling about witch hunts and the calm women witnesses — Biden's own conduct during the Clarence Thomas confirmation hearings could be one of his biggest liabilities, if Biden chooses to pursue a third run at the presidency, according to reports from Politico, The New York Times and USA Today dating back to 2008.
Biden said in 2017 that he owed Hill an apology, but it's unclear if he ever called her. In September, Biden told Today that he was "sorry" and that he always believed her. "I'm sorry I couldn't have stopped the kind of attacks that came to you, but I never attacked her, I supported her. I believed her from the beginning," Biden told Today during an interview in support of Dr. Christine Blasey Ford, who accused Judge Brett Kavanaugh of sexual assault while both were in high school. (Kavanaugh has repeatedly denied Ford's accusation.)
Despite these public apologies, Biden has been repeatedly criticized by feminists and women's groups for how he ran the Judiciary Committee when Hill testified about the sexual harassment she endured while employed under Thomas. (Thomas also vehemently denied Hill's accusations.)
This brings us back to the Times report by Alexander Burns and Jonathan Martin. Burns and Martin write of Biden: "Privately, he has also described it as unfair that Ms. Hill continues to hold him responsible for her rough treatment in the Senate."
It's still unclear if he's ever apologized directly, but the Times report said Biden did not reach out to Hill during the Kavanaugh hearing last week. Bustle reached out to Biden's office for comment on the report.
Additionally, there's also no larger plan in place to directly address Biden's role in the Thomas confirmation hearings, according to the report, despite the national conversations about sexual harassment and assault spurred by the #MeToo movement.
Instead, Biden has largely focused on praising Ford's bravery. "Dr. Blasey Ford gave courageous, credible testimony. She was denied an FBI investigation, which was automatic when I was chairman," Biden said at a rally for Democrats in Rhode Island on Sunday, according to The New York Times.
PBS NewsHour on YouTube
But if Biden wants to be the Democratic presidential nominee, he will eventually have to address it. At Glamour's Women of the Year Summit in November 2017, writer Rachel Miller asked Biden if there was anything he would do differently in that situation. These questions about Hill and his conduct are going to be asked again and again, because the #MeToo movement isn't dying off.
Former Democratic California Sen. Barbara Boxer told The New York Times that addressing the past is crucial. "If he handles it right, it could be a plus; if he handles it wrong, it'll be a minus. And handling it right means stepping up to the plate," Boxer told The Times.
But what "stepping up" means with respect to the 2020 presidential election and a clear conscience may be different things. Time will tell if Biden will feel the need to make his feelings on Anita Hill more publicly known, or if he'll directly apologize. Until then, the potential Democratic presidential field is already pretty crowded.


text:
Twin Cities Daily Planet (https://www.tcdailyplanet.net/report-suggests-sat-act-scores-less-important/)
Report suggests SAT, ACT scores less important
By Karlee Weinmann () | September 29, 2008
The ACT and SAT entrance exams keep students stressing and guessing, wondering if they'll get a score good enough to get into their college of choice.
And for years, the tests have had admissions counselors wondering whether they're worth all the trouble.
But a report released by the National Association for College Admission Counseling this week suggests the tests don't predict student success accurately enough to make them worth it.
Several smaller schools around the country have made reporting such test scores optional, virtually eliminating the ACT and SAT from the admissions process.
That plan negates the score disparity between the less affluent and wealthier students, who have access to test preparation and greater opportunities to retest for better scores, said David Hawkins , director of public policy and research for the association that issued the report.
Hawkins also served as a liaison to the commission of college admissions staff who convened to discuss the topic.
Those in the University's admissions office have informally discussed such a measure, but Twin Cities campus director of admissions Wayne Sigler said the school is far from taking official action.
In 2003, all University colleges scrapped a formulaic, test score- and grade point average-based evaluation process, according to Sigler.
Now, factors such as class rank, GPA, rigor of course work and ACT scores are paired with what students tell the University about themselves in terms of special skills or experiences.
No factor trumps another in decision making, Sigler said.
"ACT scores are just one part of that review," he said. "At the University, we have a healthy respect and skepticism for test scores."
At this point, the admissions office is comfortable with its protocol, but Sigler noted staff members are "constantly reviewing all of our admissions policies to make certain that we are applying the current best practices."
Lawrence University , a 1,429-student college in Appleton, Wis., doesn't require applicants to submit scores.
"It's really helpful for the students who have done really well in high school and who don't test well," said Vice President for Enrollment Steve Syverso n, who sat on the commission that drafted the report.
Plus, it takes away stress that Syverson and the report suggest may be caused in part by the test-prep industry, an academic cash cow.
High school GPA and curriculum choice are better predictors of collegiate success, he said.
And while standardized tests have some predictive value, students are simply too stressed about them, and fixate too much on the numbered scores.
"We think that the value has now been dwarfed by negative side effects," he said.
But test-prep agencies aren't to blame for the anxiety, Kaplan Test Prep national director of college programs Kristen Campbell said.
"The college admissions process is competitive and we know that there are more students applying each year than ever before," she said, adding that it's hard to escape pressures spurred by that fact.
Sigler agreed that competition among applicants has been increasing, and has compounded student stress.
Over the past five years, 64 percent more University applications have come in. More than 29,000 arrived last year alone.
Each application is reviewed by at least two people in the admissions office and evaluated based, in part and at least for now, on ACT scores.
"I can tell you where things are today," Sigler said. "I can't tell you where things will be in the future."
Karlee Weinmann


Bringing you this site to enjoy and share those great little nursery rhymes has been an exciting journey.
We have been doing extensive research to bring you all the best known and even the not so well known nursery rhymes. The activities to go along with these rhymes are proving to be quite fun.
We have truly enjoyed bringing these nursery rhymes and activities into our own lives with our grandschildren.
The joy we have had with our grandchildren has been an incredible experience. Lots of grins, giggles and twinkling eyes of pure pride.
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Changes to the test for obtaining US citizenship. these are
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) of the United States of America announced about the upcoming changes in the exam for obtaining US citizenship. This is a new pilot test that will be conducted by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
The office clarified that these amendments do not equate to a total change in the procedure prevailing till date. The Joe Biden administration intends to review and update the current process to better shape its future development.
The pilot test will run for five months in 2023, starting next January, as indicated by the DHS. Here we tell you what are the most important changes regarding the test.
First of all, we remind you how the exam is currently conducted. It has four parts: Reading, Writing, Civics and English Language Speaking Ability. The initial two steps don't change, called read and write. Both are tests with the same pattern and remain as before.
change within experimental test
The practical test is based on the second part, specifically on civics. In this case, knowledge and understanding of the fundamentals of United States history and forms of government are assessed.
Another distinctive change is the ability to test English language comprehension as well as speaking it. In these two aforementioned parts, with some modifications, DHS intends to evaluate the content through a more updated format. After rigorous testing, changes may remain, as indicated by DHS and USCIS.
The naturalization process is being reviewed by Executive Order 14012 of President Joe Biden. By the way, USCIS is looking for about 1,500 people enrolled in adult education classes to take the practical test. Participation is voluntary for future US citizens as well as organizations.
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Projects are managed by these strategic development and planning teams and are involved in the day-to-day planning, decision-making and execution for steering projects towards implementation.
The Global Poverty Team is made up of strategic advisers of various expertise spread across the globe, and a ground implementation team at the project levels in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh, India. Team members connect and communicate virtually, and on occasions meet face to face at the project level. The advisory team works in collaboration with the ground team to advance the agenda of farmers and women empowerment in sync with community empowerment and overall need for social, economic, and environmental sustainable development.
A Ground Implementation Team (the farming stakeholders, owners and managers of the project) comprise of a dedicated group of college educated village youths, small farmers, large farmers, village leaders and advocates, women, women leaders, and experienced industry professionals (lawyers, economists, doctors, engineers, etc). The project provides a common platform for all to engage and support the common cause for development and poverty alleviation.
The Ground Implementation Team in India, has been in existence since the project founding in April 2009 and comprise key impetus for the cause for poverty alleviation at the village level; the ground team works with the strategic purpose of building community relations and project confidence in India to advance the Vihar Poverty Project's whole-system-design and beta-testing (in the field).
In Picture: Key members of the Ground Implementation Team of the Vihar Poverty Project, Ballia, Uttar Pradesh, India. Dennis Ramdahin, (center middle back); Vinod Tiwari, Ground Implementation Coordinator (stooping).
The Super Energy Efficient Building Initiative for Climate Action (SEEBICATM) is a work-in-progress urban residential housing retrofit program (1-4 family) being designed to achieve scalable community energy efficiency and renewable energy in New York City. The project is being driven by Vihara Foundation's Founder Dennis Ramdahin's almost 15 years of work in building energy efficiency and renewable energy, and is geared to demonstrate the practical application of scalable building retrofitting in urban cities for achieving energy efficiency, renewable energy, and significant carbon emissions reduction. This project aims to achieve setting up a training institute in New York City, that would provide training of contractors and quality control inspectors to deliver state-of-the-art super energy efficient (at least 75 percent energy efficiency above base) to net-zero buildings for both retrofits and new construction.
Considered the key research that gave the driving force to create the Vihara Foundation, research continues to be advanced to create a software tool using "Energy-Economic-Carbon Risk Management Financial Decision-making" in support of providing a simplified mechanism by which to valuate "energy efficiency investment risks" in large building and infrastructure projects.
(TLCv is also being applied in the Vihar Poverty Project design to devise creative development financing policy for farming sector).
Rock against PovertyTM (RaP) creative development fundraising drive is lead by a team comprising events management experts, music industry experts, business management strategists, and other stakeholders who believe in using the basis of the people to support the cause of planet and humanity.
To date RaP has teamed with UNESCO NYS Chapter (2013-2014), has engaged the advisory of the Jimi Hendrix Foundation, and has teamed with Metavent (an Australia Technology Startup). This team is steered by RaP Founder Dennis Ramdahin, and comprise many others positioned in US, India, and Australia.


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We work with a wide variety of smash repairers and panel beaters in Narrabeen, so if you've been in an accident and are getting your car repaired in the area why not get in touch today?


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Carlos Viegas Gago Coutinho (ur. 17 lutego 1869, zm. 18 lutego 1959) – portugalski marynarz, historyk i oficer marynarki. Urodził się w Madragoa, dzielnicy Lizbony. Jego największym osiągnięciem był pierwszy przelot nad południowym Atlantykiem w 1922 r. Jego raport z przelotu wraz z innymi dotyczącymi go dokumentami został wpisany w 2010 r. do programu Pamięć Świata.

W służbie portugalskiej marynarki opłynął cały świat. Między innymi był krótko porucznikiem na kanonierce Zaire i dowodził kanonierką Pátria w czasie powstania Manufahi w Timorze Portugalskim w 1910 r. Na końcu swojej kariery w marynarce osiągnął stopień admirała. Jako geodeta wytyczał granice portugalskich kolonii na Timorze, w północnej Angoli. Wraz z Sacadurą Cabralem stworzył w 1910 r. sieć geodezyjną w południowej części Mozambiku na obszarze 32 tys. km², między Ponta do Ouro a Bazaruto. W 1912 roku przeszedł pieszo kontynent afrykański z Angoli do Mozambiku, pokonując łącznie 5200 km.

Dał się również poznać jako historyk. Napisał wiele pozycji historycznych i geograficznych, głównie o portugalskich wyprawach odkrywczych, jak na przykład O Roteiro da Viagem de Vasco da Gama lub własną wersję Luzjadów, portugalskiego eposu narodowego.

Od 1898 r. zaczął pisać dzieła geograficzne o portugalskich terytoriach zamorskich, podróżując w tym okresie po Afryce. Wspólnie z Sacadurą Cabralem przeleciał w 1921 r. trasę z Lizbony do Funchalu na Maderze, zanim w 1922 r. wraz ze swym partnerem stał się sławny, po tym, gdy jako pierwsi pokonali trasę z Lizbony do Rio de Janeiro.
Ostatnie lata życia spędził poświęcając się znowu historii Portugalii jako narodu żeglarzy. Jego eseje z tego okresu zostały zebrane w dziele Náutica dos Descobrimentos.

Otrzymał wiele wyróżnień za swoją twórczość i był postrzegany w Portugalii jak mesjasz sebastianizmu w czasach, kiedy po utracie imperium kolonialnego, poczucie godności narodu żeglarzy uległo znacznej deprecjacji. W uznaniu jego zasług kilka okrętów portugalskiej marynarki zostało nazwanych jego imieniem. Przykładem jest NRP Almirante Gago Coutinho (F473), który wziął udział w Rewolucji goździków i zakupiony w USA używany statek badawczy NRP Almirante Gago Coutinho (A-523).

Przypisy

Portugalscy wojskowi
Lotnicy
Odznaczeni Orderem Avis (Portugalia)
Odznaczeni Orderem Świętego Jakuba od Miecza (Portugalia)
Odznaczeni Orderem Chrystusa (Portugalia)
Odznaczeni Orderem Imperium
Urodzeni w 1869
Zmarli w 1959