text:
Dr Catriona Bonfiglioli
Senior Lecturer, Journalism Program
BA (Hons), PhD
Catriona.Bonfiglioli@uts.edu.au
Catriona Bonfiglioli is a senior lecturer in Media Studies in the Journalism, Information & Media Studies academic group in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at UTS.
Catriona is chief investigator of Australian Research Council Discovery Project # 1096251 investigating news media and reality television constructions of obesity and physical activity and a UTS Early Career Researcher Grant # 2009001198 exploring 'othering' of people with a weight problem in news and reality TV.
Catriona is also involved in a National Health and Medical Research Council # 632840 investigating industry and journalism. Catriona has previously been involved in research projects funded by the UTS Teaching and Learning Development Fund, the Australian Centre for Independent Journalism and UTS's Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences.
Catriona's research has been published in academic journals including BMC Public Health, Journal of Medical Ethics, the Medical Journal of Australia, Australian Journalism Review, and the Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health. Catriona was awarded her PhD by the University of Sydney in 2005 for her doctoral research investigating genetic technologies in the Australian news media. In 2013, Catriona was a Visiting Fellow at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford. In 1997, Catriona was the Reuter Foundation Fellow in Medical Journalism at Green College, Oxford. In 2013, Catriona was a Visiting Fellow at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at the University of Oxford (July to December).
Catriona is a qualified, trained and experienced journalist with a special interest in medical journalism. Catriona has worked for Australian Associated Press, Australian Doctor, The Oxford Times, and The Western Morning News.
Catriona has been a professional journalist since 1985. After completing her training (NCTJ Proficiency Certificate) with the Western Morning News, and doing a stint at the Oxford Times and Mail, Catriona moved to Sydney to work for Australian Associated Press from 1988 to 1996. Catriona was AAP's National Medical Correspondent from 1993 to 1996. She worked as a medical writer for Australian Doctor from 1996-8. In 1997, Catriona was the Reuters Foundation Program Fellow in Medical Journalism at Green College, Oxford, where she researched her paper on genetic testing: 'Toxic Knowledge and the Burden of Choice'. The feature arising from this research 'Unlocking the Secret of Our Genes' won Best Single Article at the ABP Bell Awards in 1998. Catriona gained her PhD in 2005 from the University of Sydney for her doctoral research examining genetic technologies in the Australian news media. Before joining UTS full time in 2008, Catriona was Research Coordinator at the NSW Centre for Overweight and Obesity (2005-8) at the University of Sydney, analysing news media coverage of obesity, nutrition and physical activity and contributing to teaching at the University of Sydney and UTS.
Catriona is a member of the NSW Branch Executive of the Public Health Association of Australia (2001--), the Journalism Education Association, the Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance (1988--) and the Human Genetics Society of Australasia Education Committee (2004--). Catriona is a member (1993-) and former president of the Australian Medical Writers Association. Catriona served on the AMWA education committee which developed and launched the AMWA Professional Development Program.
Can supervise: YES
Catriona is involved in research funded by the ARC, the NHMRC, the Australian Centre for Independent Journalism, the UTS Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, UTS Faculty Learning and Teaching Performance Fund and the NSW Centre for Overweight and Obesity.
Chief Investigator A on an Australian Research Council Discovery Project: 'Changing the media diet - Investigating the power of the news media to prevent obesity' (DP1096251 Bonfiglioli, Chapman & Smith, 2010-2012).
Chief Investigator E on an NHMRC funded project: 'Calling the tune? Investigating corporate influences on media reporting of health' which will explore relationships between journalists and editors and health-related industries. (Chapman, Kerridge, Jordens, Bacon, Bonfiglioli and Sweet, 2010-2012)
Co-investigator on the FASS-funded JIMS Area research: 'Investigating independent Australian journalists' information behaviour, needs and expectations in an evolving online information marketplace' (Olsson, Chowdhury, Bonfiglioli, Chowdhury, Fraser, Bacon, Henninger, Blackwell & Price, 2009).
Partner investigator on a research project investigating news media portrayals of cycling with support from a grant from the Australian Centre for Independent Journalism (Rissel, Emilsen, Bonfiglioli & Smith, 2009).
Partner investigator on a research project examining portrayals of soft drinks in the news (Bonfiglioli, Hattersley & King, 2008).
Chief Investigator B on a UTS Faculty Learning and Teaching Peformance Fund research project to introduce communication training into first year Physics subjects. 'A practice-oriented approach to enhancing science students' communication skills', (Kirkup & Bonfiglioli, 2008).
Partner in Public Health Education and Research Program-funded (PHERP 052) project to develop an innovative short course in Genetics and Public Health at the University of Sydney (2000).
Refereeing:
Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine
Pacific Journalism Review
Transforming Cultures
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
Medical Journal of Australia
Health Promotion International
Journal of Physical Activity and Health
BMC Obesity
Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine
The 20th International Union for Health Promotion and Education World Conference on Health Promotion (Geneva 2010)
The Population Health Congress (2008)
National Health and Medical Research Council Project Grants
Towards Humane Technologies: Biotechnology, New Media, & Citizenship University of Queensland/ Queensland University of Technology 2002
Catriona's teaching interests include: media studies, journalism studies, communicating health and science, public health media advocacy, medical reporting, and editing and publishing. Catriona is subject coordinator for Communicating Health and Science 54090, Media Power 54080, and Journalism Major Project 57194.
Catriona supervises PhD, MA (Research) and honours students at UTS and serves as an examiner for BA Honours, MA and PhDs theses.
In 2009, Catriona took up a Faculty Scholarship to contribute to the Erasmus Mundus Journalism and Media Within Globalisation Masters at the University of Hamburg and the University of Aarhus.
Non traditional outputs
Chau, JY, Kite, J, Ronto, R, Bhatti, A & Bonfiglioli, C 2019, 'Talking about a nanny nation: investigating the rhetoric framing public health debates in Australian news media', Public health research & practice, vol. 29, no. 3.View/Download from: UTS OPUS or Publisher's site
Objectives and importance of study: News media portrayal of public health issues influences public opinion, policy action and decision making. This study aimed to analyse the use of 'nanny state' frames in Australian news media coverage; identify the stakeholders invoking this frame; determine which public health-related policies attract such framing; and investigate whether 'nanny state' framing is directly challenged in news coverage. STUDY TYPE: A qualitative framing analysis. METHODS: Articles featuring the term 'nanny state' that were published in Australian print newspapers during matched periods between March and September in 2017 and 2018 were sourced through Factiva, coded and analysed for content and 'nanny state' framing. Content analysis was used to identify any public health-related issues that the terminology nanny state was applied to, and who was portrayed as imposing the nanny state. Frame analysis was used to analyse what meanings are co-presented with the phrase nanny state. RESULTS: Out of 81 print newspaper articles that included the term 'nanny state', 19% linked the term to restricting personal choice or creating dissatisfaction with too many health-related rules and regulations broadly, across a range of issues, including: bike helmets, e-cigarettes, firearm restrictions, seatbelts, pool fences and smoking bans. The next most frequent links were to regulations on alcohol (17%), road safety (14%), obesity-related issues (7%) and tobacco control (6%). Of the 81 articles, 53% appeared in news publications owned by News Corporation Australia, 20% in Fairfax Media (Nine Entertainment) publications, 17% in Daily Mail and General Trust and 10% in publications owned by other organisations. Governments were the entity most frequently framed as imposing the nanny state. Most nanny state framings (73%) were negative towards public health controls and focused on policies and regulations. Nanny state was portrayed as an assault on freedom and choice (1...
Smith, BJ & Bonfiglioli, C 2019, 'Audience Responses to Physical Activity in the Biggest Loser Australia.', Journal of Health Communication, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 21-28.View/Download from: UTS OPUS or Publisher's site
The popular reality television show The Biggest Loser Australia (TBL) is a significant source of media content about physical activity. This study examined audience responses to and interpretations of physical activity in TBL. A qualitative study using in-depth interviews was conducted in New South Wales, Australia. A sample of 46 viewers of TBL was recruited, stratified by gender, age group, area of residence, and body mass index. Interview data were thematically analyzed to identify how viewers evaluated TBL. Respondents were most positive about TBL as public health education, premised on personal responsibility, the need for extreme action, and the possibilities of human agency (individually and collectively). Conversely, they were critical about whether the portrayal of physical activity could guide and inspire them personally. They expressed feelings of disgust and fear in response to the exercise challenges, questioned the practicality of the behavior change process in light of their own experience, and were skeptical about the purpose of the program itself. TBL's representation of physical activity may be limited in its capacity to encourage physical activity. Despite the wide viewership of this program, encouraging physical requires innovation in the development of practical, persuasive and evidence based media messages about physical activity.
Chau, JY, McGill, B, Freeman, B, Bonfiglioli, C & Bauman, A 2018, 'Overselling Sit-Stand Desks: News Coverage of Workplace Sitting Guidelines.', Health Communication, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 1475-1481.View/Download from: UTS OPUS or Publisher's site
The first quantitative, specific recommendations for sitting time at work were released in June 2015. This paper examines the implications of news coverage received by this position statement. Media reports about statement published May, 31-June, 29, 2015 were analyzed according to five recommendations and three caveats extracted from the guidelines' press release. Information about how physical activity was framed and mentions of conflicts of interest were recorded. Of 58 news reports, nine reported all five recommendations in the position paper. The topline recommendation (two hours daily of standing and light activity) was reported in all articles. Alleviating musculoskeletal discomfort by sitting less was not reported by 72% of reports. Physical activity was mentioned in 32 reports: 69% said physical activity did not attenuate the risks of prolonged sitting. No reports mentioned any potential conflicts of interest despite co-author links to sit-stand desk industry. These results demonstrate the need to balance public and market demands for public health guidance around sitting; and could encourage more accurate communication of research outcomes. The physical activity component of the "move more and sit less" message requires greater efforts to raise its public salience.
Bonfiglioli, C & Cullen, T 2017, 'Health journalism - evolution and innovation in the digital age', Australian Journalism Review, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 13-22.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Health journalism meets a significant public need and influences health, but digital disruption in the news media and the migration of audiences towards new media platforms pose significant challenges to the specialisation. The earliest journalists carving out the niche for health journalism faced an uphill battle against government and medical professionals' influence. Since then, the specialisation has grown in scope, professionalism and quality, but cuts to mainstream media staffing, new entrants to the field of health information and evidence the "news hole" for health is shrinking position health journalists in the eye of a maelstrom. Key challenges include source dependency, neglect of socio-economic drivers of ill health, a paucity of critical appraisal skills, a clash of cultures between medicine and the media, neglect of community voices, verification, and competing for audiences in the tough attention economy. In this article, we discuss current scholarship relating to these challenges and the ways health journalists are responding to them by developing experimental forms of social journalism, innovating with diversified platforms, collaborating with health professionals and using crowd-sourcing to bring neglected voices and issues to the fore.
Chau, JY, Bonfiglioli, C, Zhong, A, Pedisic, Z, Daley, M, McGill, B & Bauman, A 2017, 'Sitting ducks face chronic disease: an analysis of newspaper coverage of sedentary behaviour as a health issue in Australia 2000-2012', HEALTH PROMOTION JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 139-143.View/Download from: Publisher's site
Chau, JY, Bonfiglioli, C, Zhong, A, Pedisic, Z, Daley, M, McGill, B & Bauman, A 2017, 'Sitting ducks face chronic disease: an analysis of newspaper coverage of sedentary behaviour as a health issue in Australia 2000-2012', Health Promotion Journal of Australia, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 139-143.View/Download from: UTS OPUS or Publisher's site
ssue addressed
This study examines how sedentary behaviour (too much sitting) was covered as a health issue by Australian newspapers and how physical activity was framed within this newspaper coverage.
Articles featuring sedentary behaviour published in Australian newspapers between 2000 and 2012 were analysed for content and framing. Main outcome measures were volume, number and content of newspaper articles; framing and types of sedentary behaviour; responsibility for the problem of and solutions to high levels of sedentary behaviour; and physical activity mentions and how it was framed within sedentary behaviour coverage.
Out of 48 articles, prolonged sitting was framed as bad for health (52%) and specifically as health compromising for office workers (25%). Adults who sat a lot were framed as 'easy targets' for ill health (21% of headlines led with 'sitting ducks' or 'sitting targets'). Prolonged sitting was framed as an issue of individual responsibility (>90%) with less mention of environmental and sociocultural contributors. Thirty‐six of 48 articles mentioned physical activity; 39% stated that being physically active does not matter if a person sits for prolonged periods of time or that the benefits of physical activity are undone by too much sitting.
News coverage should reflect the full socio‐ecological model of sedentary behaviour and continually reinforce the independent and well‐established benefits of health‐enhancing physical activity alongside the need to limit prolonged sitting.
Smith, BJ & Bonfiglioli, CMF 2015, 'Physical activity in the mass media: An audience perspective', Health Education Research, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 359-369.View/Download from: UTS OPUS or Publisher's site
Physical activity's role in promoting health is highlighted in public health campaigns, news and current affairs, reality television and other programs. An investigation of audience exposure, beliefs and reactions to media portrayals of physical activity offers insights into the salience and influence of this communication. An audience reception study was conducted involving in-depth interviews with 46 adults in New South Wales, Australia. The sample was stratified by gender, age group, area of residence and body mass index. Most respondents could only recall media coverage of physical activity with prompting. Television was the primary channel of exposure, with reality television the dominant source, followed by news programs and sports coverage. The messages most readily recalled were the health risks of inactivity, especially obesity, and the necessity of keeping active. Physical activity was regarded as a matter of personal volition, or for children, parental responsibility. Respondents believed that the media had given physical activity inadequate attention, focused too heavily on risks and not provided practical advice. In Australia, there is a need to counter the framing of physical activity by reality television, and engage the media to generate understanding of the socioecological determinants of inactivity. Physical activity campaigns should deliver positive and practical messages.
Smith, BJ & Bonfiglioli, CMF 2015, 'Reporting Physical Activity: Perceptions and Practices of Australian Media Professionals', JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 1096-1101.View/Download from: Publisher's site
Friedlander, J, Riedy, C & Bonfiglioli, C 2014, 'A Meaty Discourse: What Makes Meat News?', Food Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 27-43.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Worldwide, livestock and meat production have been identified by key governmental and scientific institutions as major contributors to climate change, intensive water use, high phosphorous use, and other environmental problems. These adverse environmental impacts are increasing, as the global consumption of livestock products is growing rapidly. Media coverage of the environmental impacts of livestock and meat production in Australia and the United States has been limited and does not communicate a message consistent with the available scientific evidence identified in academic literature. A media content analysis of how the subject of meat has been covered by major Australian newspapers over the past five years provides insights into the news frames and news values in portrayals of meat. News frames of animal welfare, the economy, and food or culinary associations dominated over stories about climate change and other environmental impacts. Media content analysis determined that news values of proximity, conflict, and human interest dominated. Newspaper print media retains a vital, albeit diminishing, role in agenda setting. As such, the content analysis findings in this paper are valuable to inform news media campaigns that seek to stimulate increased media coverage of environmental and other impacts of meat. Such campaigns may assist in placing the issue more prominently on the public agenda.
Bonfiglioli, C 2013, 'Book review: Alan Kirby, Digimodernism: How New Technologies Dismantle the Postmodern and Reconfigure Our Culture', Discourse and Communication, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 248-251.
Espinel, P, Laws, R, Bonfiglioli, C, Hardy, LL & King, L 2013, 'Investigating the media power of a population health monitoring survey: case study of the NSW Schools Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (SPANS)', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 284-289.View/Download from: UTS OPUS or Publisher's site
Objective : To examine the extent and nature of news coverage of a government-funded population monitoring survey of children and the potential implications of this coverage for public health advocacy. Methods : Case study of the NSW Schools Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (SPANS), a population monitoring survey of school-aged children's weight and weight-related behaviours, conducted in 1997, 2004 and 2010. Printed news items from all Australian newspapers between January 1997 and December 2011 mentioning the survey findings were identified from the Factiva database and a descriptive analysis of the content conducted. Results : Overall, 144 news items were identified. The news angles focused mainly on physical activity/sedentary behaviour; overweight/obesity and nutrition; however these angles changed between 1997 and 2011, with angles focused on physical activity/sedentary behaviour increasing, compared with overweight/obesity and nutrition angles (p=0.001). Responsibility for obesity and weight-related behaviours was most frequently assigned to parents and food marketing, and the most common solutions were policy strategies and parental/child education and support.
Bonfiglioli, C 2012, 'Get up, stand up - if not you'll be a sitting duck', The Conversation, vol. 2012, no. 17 Jan.
Lipworth, W, Kerridge, I, Morrell, B, Bonfiglioli, C & Forsyth, R 2012, 'Medicine, the media and political interests', Journal of Medical Ethics, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 768-770.View/Download from: UTS OPUS or Publisher's site
The news media is frequently criticised for failing to support the goals of government health campaigns. But is this necessarily the purpose of the media? We suggest that while the media has an important role in disseminating health messages, it is a mistake to assume that the media should serve the interests of government as it has its own professional ethics, norms, values, structures and roles that extend well beyond the interests of the health sector, and certainly beyond those of the government. While considerable attention has been given to the ways in which uncritical publication of industry perspectives by news media can negatively impact on public understandings of health and health behaviours, we would argue that it is equally important that journalists not become the `lapdogs of government interests. Further, we suggest that the interests of public health may be served more by supporting the ongoing existence of an independent media than by seeking to overdetermine its purpose or scope.
Lipworth, W, Kerridge, I, Sweet, M, Jordens, C, Bonfiglioli, C & Forsyth, R 2012, 'Widening the debate about conflict of interest: addressing relationships between journalists and the pharmaceutical industry', Journal of Medical Ethics, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 492-495.View/Download from: UTS OPUS or Publisher's site
e phone-hacking scandal that led to the closure of the News of the World newspaper in Britain has prompted international debate about media practices and regulation. It is timely to broaden the discussion about journalistic ethics and conduct to include consideration of the impact of media practices upon the population's health. Many commercial organisations cultivate relationships with journalists and news organisations with the aim of influencing the content of health-related news and information communicated through the media. Given the significant influence of the media on the health of individuals and populations, we should be alert to the potential impact of industry-journalist relationships on health care, health policy and public health. The approach taken by the medical profession to its interactions with the pharmaceutical industry provides a useful model for management of industry influence.
Bonfiglioli, C 2011, 'Andrea Millwood Hargrave and Sonia Livingstone, Harm And Offence In Media Content: A Review Of The Evidence. Bristol, UK and Chicago, USA: Intellect, 2009. 344 pp. US$40 (pbk).', Discourse and Communication, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 429-438.
Book Review in peer-reviewed journal
Bonfiglioli, C 2011, 'Harm and Offence in Media Content: A Review of the Evidence', DISCOURSE & COMMUNICATION, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 429-431.View/Download from: Publisher's site
Bonfiglioli, C & King, L 2011, 'Calories don't quench thirst - mixed media messages about sweet drinks', The Conversation, vol. 2011, no. 10 Nov.
Bonfiglioli, C, Hattersley, L & King, L 2011, 'Australian print news media coverage of sweet, non-alcoholic drinks sends mixed health messages', Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 325-330.View/Download from: UTS OPUS or Publisher's site
This study aimed to analyse the contribution of Australian print news coverage to the public profile of sweet, non-alcoholic beverages. News media portrayal of health contributes to individuals decision-making. The focus on sugar-sweetened beverages reflects their contribution to excessive energy intake.
Bonfiglioli, C, Smith, BJ, King, L, Chapman, S, Holding, S & Bauman, A 2011, 'Risky exercise - is physical activity losing the news race?', Australian Journalism Review, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 73-84.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of chronic disease, but few studies have analysed how news reports PA. This research analyses how television news frames PA. Content and framing analysis was used to examine 91 television news and current affairs stories. Stories were coded for length, prominence, age groups, gender, responsibility, types of activity, barriers to PA, risks and benefits of physical activity and inactivity, and uses of expertise. Few stories focused on men (12 per cent) or women (13 per cent) and most focused on adults. Benefits outnumbered risks. Less than one-third of stories mentioned the risks of inactivity. Responsibility for overcoming barriers was often attributed to individuals. Few stories were broadcast prominently. News coverage of PA reinforces social beliefs about individual responsibility for healthy lifestyles and downplays the role of policy and the impact of the environment. Television coverage rarely gives physical activity the authority of hard news prominence, uses few academic sources and tends to neglect the risks of inactivity.
Piper, TA, Wilcox, SJ, Bonfiglioli, C, Emilsen, A & Martin, P 2011, 'Science, media and the public - the framing of the bicycle helmet legislation debate in Australia: a newspaper content analysis', eJournalist, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 125-149.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Research challenging assumptions about the value of bicycle helmets and the laws which make them mandatory recently triggered a media debate about bicycle helmet laws and prompted discussion as to the extent to which health behaviours should be legislated. This increased media coverage provided an opportunity to examine how the media frames this issue. A much greater variety of frames opposing helmet laws were identified compared with frames supporting them. The outbreak of debate in the media, and wide range of conflicting perspectives, reveal public uncertainty about the legislation, and reinforce the complexity of this issue for public health policy.
Wilde, A, Bonfiglioli, C, Meiser, B, Mitchell, P & Schofield, P 2011, 'Portrayal Of Psychiatric Genetics In Australian Print News Media, 1996-2009', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 195, no. 7, pp. 401-404.View/Download from: UTS OPUS or Publisher's site
Objective: To investigate how Australian print news media portray psychiatric genetics. Design and setting: Content and framing analysis of a structured sample of print news items about psychiatric genetics published in Australian newspapers between 1996
Kirkup, L & Bonfiglioli, C 2011, 'Research-Inspired Learning Revitalises the Curriculum for First-Year Science Majors', International Journal of Innovation in Science and Mathematics Education, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1-15.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
We describe a curriculum innovation designed to engage first-year students in science research and enhance their written communication skills. We have devised an activity for science majors which connects them to research through audio and video interviews made with senior researchers, early career researchers (ECRs), post doctoral fellows and PhD students. We report evaluations from students and academics on the introduction of this research-inspired communication activity and the steps taken to embed, sustain and enhance the activity. Findings over three semesters show students consistently judge the activity to be a positive learning experience. Issues of sustainability of the innovation and academics' comfort with the activity and its assessment remain to be fully resolved
Bonfiglioli, C 2010, 'The bigger picture – Keeping an eye on media influences', Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, vol. 4, pp. S28-S28.View/Download from: Publisher's site
Rissel, C, Bonfiglioli, C, Emilsen, A & Smith, BJ 2010, 'Representations of cycling in metropolitan newspapers - changes over time and differences between Sydney and Melbourne, Australia', BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, vol. 10.View/Download from: Publisher's site
Chau, J, Bonfiglioli, C, Chey, T & Bauman, AE 2009, 'The Cinderella of public health news: physical activity coverage in Australian newspapers', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 189-192.View/Download from: UTS OPUS or Publisher's site
Objective: This research examined trends in physical activity reporting by Australian newspapers, and described these trends compared to coverage of obesity and tobacco. Method: The Factiva database was searched for articles published in major Australian metropolitan newspapers (1986-2006) that mentioned physical activity, obesity or tobacco smoking. Standardised frequencies compared the three health issues, and trends in reporting were estimated by using standard multiple regression models to fit linear splines with fixed knots at years 1991, 1996 and 2001 to the standardised data. Results: Physical activity received the least coverage 1986-2006, appearing in 4,988 articles, compared with 15,410 and 63,738 articles for obesity and tobacco respectively. Between 1996 and 2000, there were significant increases in the rate of coverage of physical activity (ß=0.21; p<0.01), obesity (ß=0.13; p<0.01) and tobacco (ß=0.24; p<0.0001). From 2001 to 2006 the rate of physical activity coverage was relatively steady, while the obesity coverage rate increased dramatically (ß=0.34; p<0.0001), and tobacco coverage rate slowed (ß=-0.33; p<0.0001).
Bonfiglioli, C 2008, 'Despatches - Exploring the health promotion potential of letters to the editor', Sydney Morning Herald, vol. 2007-2008.
Background Letters to the editor are an under-explored opportunity for researchers to engage in media debates and reach influential sections of society with ideas which may have been missed, downplayed or ignored by news coverage. Drawing on public health media advocacy research and practice and my own media research, I have been developing tailored letters to newspaper editors with the research goal of discovering how strategic communication can be deployed to promote health by attempting to insert evidence-based health information and opinion into debates about key health issues. Contribution This research consists of two letters published in The Sydney Morning Herald in 2007 and 2008. The letters engage with different health debates but they each seek to answer the question: Can evidence-based health communication messages be inserted into an important health debate and contribute to a more health-promoting discourse. This approach resulted in letters published on tobacco control and obesity prevention (co-authored by University of Sydney Professor Louise Baur). Key factors include: timeliness, novelty, informed personal opinion, re-framing and new insights. Significance This research involved using existing knowledge in a new and creative way to develop new understandings of how letters to the editor can be employed to insert key concepts into health debates. The significance is new knowledge about how to satisfy the letters editorsâ professional requirements to reach new and influential audiences with key new thoughts about health debates of critical importance to Australia. This work is continuing beyond the current ERA collection period
Bonfiglioli, C 2008, 'Social marketing can promote good health', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 188, no. 9, pp. 541-541.
Invited book review
Bonfiglioli, C, Allman-Farinelli, MA, King, L & Bauman, AE 2008, 'Mapping solutions to obesity: lessons from the Human Genome Project', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 546-548.View/Download from: UTS OPUS or Publisher's site
ABSTRACT Objective: To discuss appropriate endpoints for research designed to prevent obesity. Research investigating practical solutions to the complex multi-factorial global obesity epidemic may be stalled by undue emphasis on reduced body weight as the only acceptable endpoint. Approach: Considering prevention research in cardiovascular disease and tobacco control, we contend that investigations of intermediate endpoints make an important contribution to the multi-faceted approach needed to combat the complex problem of obesity. Conclusion: Intermediate endpoints are respected in other public health areas: reductions in risk factors such as high blood cholesterol or smoking are acceptable study endpoints for research aimed at reducing heart disease or lung cancer. Likewise, practical endpoints can be valuable in studies investigating interventions to reduce identified and potential intermediate risk factors for obesity, such as soft drink consumption. Implications: Reduced obesity is the global aim but obesity is not caused by one exposure and will not be solved by a single modality intervention. A wider debate about endpoint selection may assist research which identifies individual building blocks of obesity prevention in the same way as individual gene mapping contributed to the Human Genome Project.
Bonfiglioli, C 2007, 'Obesity in the news', Issues, vol. 79.
This news article was an invited contribution to this magazine whose circulation includes Australian high school students. Bonfiglioli, C. (2007). "Obesity in the news: Obesity is big news, but are the important health messages getting through? Catriona Bonfiglioli explains the causes and effects of media coverage of obesity." Issues 81: 4-8. The publisher has subsequently invited me to contribute to another of the publications Chemistry in Australia
Bonfiglioli, C, King, L, Chapman, S, Smith, BJ & Holding, S 2007, 'Obesity in the media: political hot potato or human interest story?', Australian Journalism Review, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 53-61.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Bonfiglioli, C, Smith, BJ, King, L, Chapman, S & Holding, S 2007, 'Choice and Voice: Obesity debates in television news', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 187, no. 8, pp. 442-445.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Bonfiglioli, C 2015, 'Overweight and Obesity in Television News' in Piazza, R, Haarman, L & Caborn, A (eds), Values and Choices in Television Discourse A View from Both Sides of the Screen, Palgrave Macmillan, London, pp. 87-108.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
A View from Both Sides of the Screen Roberta Piazza, Louann Haarman, Anne
Caborn ... As a professional who makes television programmes in what is widely
acknowledged as a pressured, fastpaced environment, Olivia Lichtenstein is ...
Bonfiglioli, C 2015, 'Overweight and Obesity in TV News' in Values and Choices in Television Discourse, Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 87-108.View/Download from: Publisher's site
Bonfiglioli, C 2008, 'Makers, Messages and Movers: Genetic Technology, the Media and Society' in Sunderland, N, Graham, P, Isaacs, P & McKenna, B (eds), Towards Humane Technologies: Towards Humane Technologies, Sense Publishers, Rotterdam, Netherlands, pp. 77-95.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Bonfiglioli, C 2013, 'Reporting obesity: how ethical is news coverage of this global health problem?', World Journalism Education Conference, World Journalism Education Conference, World Journalism Education Council, Mechelen, Belgium.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Bonfiglioli, C, Kirkup, L & Woolf, I 2009, 'The research-teaching nexus as a driver for science communication skills enhancement', UniServe Science Conference, Motivating Science Undergraduates: Ideas and Interventions, UniServe Science Conference, Motivating Science Undergraduates: Ideas and, The University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, pp. 146-151.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Scientists- ability to communicate effectively is vital to their employment prospects, their contribution to society and to societys reception of science. Our goals were to develop students communication skills and to enhance the teaching-research nexus. An engaging communication activity was introduced to a large enrolment first year physics service subject for science students. Audio and video `trigger material, created as stimuli for the students and based on original research occurring at our university, was a key innovation of the activity. Students submitted a short but structured written response to these triggers in which they gave their own perspective on the research thus enhancing the teaching-research nexus. The activity was piloted with senior students, revised for delivery to the target students and evaluated via a student experience survey. Students reported that they valued the communication assignment for allowing them to learn more about scientific research at their university, to express their opinion of the research, and to practise communication skills. Students indicated that the triggers gave them insight into future career paths. The qualitative findings were reinforced by quantitative survey data which revealed strong support for including the activity in a physics subject. This study shows that a communication assignment builds bridges between undergraduates and researchers, thus enhancing the research-teaching nexus, and indicates that students find the assignment engaging and rewarding. While we are encouraged that students find the communication assignment a positive learning experience, the extent to which it enhances students science communication skills has yet to be established.
Bonfiglioli, CMF, Smith, BJ, King, LA, Chapman, SF & Holding, SJ 2008, 'Risky business - is physical activity losing the hard news race?', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY, 16th European Congress on Obesity, NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, Geneva, SWITZERLAND, pp. S184-S184.
Bonfiglioli, C 2013, 'Can enterprise journalism shed new light on health and science issues? Portfolio', Science and society, Royal Australian Chemical Institute, Sydney, NSW.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Research background This portfolio of 17 journalistic articles published in Chemistry in Australia contributes to the fields of journalism studies. Schwitzer and colleagues have pointed that the work of medical writers can impact on readers¿ health (Schwitzer, Mudur et al. 2005) and that news values such as conflict undermine effective coverage of medical issues (Schwitzer 2005). The Boykoffs noted that conflict reporting and demands for balance risk re-framing consensus as 'debate' and generate the problem of 'balance as bias' in science reporting (Boykoff and Boykoff 2004). This portfolio answers the question: Can enterprise journalism shed new light on health and science issues which are currently reported as if the jury were still out? Research contribution This research found that because 'enterprise journalism' - reporter-initiated research journalism - is independent of industry and need not satisfy traditional news values it is possible to represent current knowledge about a health or science issue such as fatty liver disease accurately. Independent journalism can thus focus on accuracy and resist demands for 'balance' or the need to satisfy 'conflict' news values which create pressure to give undue weight to food, beverage and energy industry messages. Research significance Bonfiglioli was invited by the Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI) to contribute these Science<->Society articles to the professional journal Chemistry in Australia from 2010. This led to an invitation to address the NSW Chemical Education Group in 2011 ('Are we swimming in a sea of toxins?' 15 March).
Bonfiglioli, C 2013, 'Drugs in Sport', Royal Australian Chemical Institute, Australia, pp. 37-37.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Bonfiglioli, C 2013, 'Fatty liver now an epidemic', Royal Australian Chemical Institute, Australia, pp. 37-37.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Bonfiglioli, C 2013, 'Risk: now you see it, now you don't', Royal Australian Chemical Institute, Australia, pp. 39-39.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Bonfiglioli, C 2013, 'Sequence your whole genome - a snip at $17,000', Royal Australian Chemical Institute, Australia, pp. 38-38.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Bonfiglioli, C 2013, 'Storm in a baby bottle', Royal Australian Chemical Institute, Australia, pp. 37-37.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Bonfiglioli, C 2012, 'Compulsory oversharing sweeps virtual community', Royal Australian Chemical Institute, Australia, pp. 36-36.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Bonfiglioli, C 2012, 'Confessions of an internet addict', Royal Australian Chemical Institute, Australia, pp. 35-35.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Bonfiglioli, C 2012, 'Experimental evidence', Royal Australian Chemical Institute, Australia, pp. 39-39.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Bonfiglioli, C 2012, 'iRobot, youRobot, weallRobot', Royal Australian Chemical Institute, Australia, pp. 36-36.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Bonfiglioli, C 2012, ''Us' and 'them' - meeting the gaze of our fat selves.', Royal Australian Chemical Institute, Australia, pp. 39-39.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Bonfiglioli, C 2011, 'A Little Wine', Royal Australian Chemical Institute, Australia, pp. 39-39.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Bonfiglioli, C 2011, 'A Wandering Mind', Royal Australian Chemical Institute, Australia, pp. 38-38.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Bonfiglioli, C 2011, 'Sugar Rush', Royal Australian Chemical Institute, Australia, pp. 39-39.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Bonfiglioli, C 2011, 'Why we can't have our cake or eat it', Royal Australian Chemical Institute, Australia, pp. 38-38.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Bonfiglioli, C 2010, 'Science<->Society', Royal Australian Chemical Institute, pp. 40-40.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Toxic cultural residues and the health news cohort theory
Bonfiglioli, C 2008, 'Time travelling - Exploring travel writing as an archaeological communication', Travel writing, Australian Associated Press, Sydney, NSW.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Background Archaeological tourism is an important niche market for Australians. Current structures tend to focus travel journalism on industry-funded familiarisation trips which allow the travel industry to shape journalists' itineraries - perhaps neglecting ancient sites. Building on a personal interest in archaeology, I wanted to explore the question: Are features highlighting the neglected and under-promoted area of ancient cultural heritage taken up by Australian newspapers? Archaeological sites are crucial tourism destinations for developing nations who may not be blessed with the biggest cruise ship or the most fashionable hotels. Contribution This research consists of three travel features published through Australian Associated Press and in the Sydney Morning Herald's webpage, The Age's webpage, The Canberra Sunday Times, The Rockhampton Bulletin, the Sunday Tasmanian and The Newcastle Herald. The prominence of these articles suggests there is a market for archaeological travel writing which may not be being fully satisfied by current travel writing practices and therefore offers an opportunity to journalists who wish to break into travel writing including graduates of journalism education programs at universities such as UTS. Significance This research showed how using the cultural capital of the destinations and the writer to develop an under explored area of travel writing of interest to Australians can be of value to travel companies in Australia and nations with immense archaeological and historical heritage, some of whom have less luxurious facilities for tourists and fewer entrepreneurial backers with the spending power to fund travel familiarisation trips for journalists in distant countries such as Australia.
Baur, L, Bonfiglioli, C, Caterson, ID, Colagiuri, R, Cretikos, M, Leeder, S, Murray, K, Pearson, S, Sim, K, Torode, M, Wake, M & Wittert, G Sydney University Nutrition Research Foundation 2007, Recommendations of the 2007 Healthy Lifestyle Forum to Help Combat Childhood Obesity, pp. 1-16, Sydney, Australia.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Senator Guy Barnett has held eight Healthy Lifestyle Forums to Help Combat Childhood Obesity since entering the Senate in 2002. The most recent forum, held on 20 June 2007 at Australian Parliament House Canberra, brought together approximately 60 concerned members of health care, academia, industry and public health to develop useful interventions and ideas for fighting childhood obesity. This report details the recommendations of the groups convened. They were asked to consider actions in the key areas of: clinical/health care system monitoring/benchmarking infant and early childhood schools and the wider community, and industry and private sector solutions.
Bonfiglioli, C The New South Wales Centre For Overweight and Obesity, University of Sydney 2007, Reporting Obesity: A Resource for Journalists, pp. 1-19, Sydney, Australia.View/Download from: UTS OPUS
Do Australian news and reality television programs construct overweight and obese people as the 'other'?
Calling the tune? Investigating corporate influences on media reporting of health
Changing the media diet - Investigating the power of the news media to prevent obesity


Sheryle Bolton at Brain Reserves has an interesting post commenting on recent research suggesting that "down time" can improve performance. In that research, a lengthy rest period after memorization appeared to improve recall performance.
The conclusion is clearly right. Our brains do the vast majority of their processing – and ultimately, our thinking – without conscious interference or indeed any kind of conscious access at all. Our conscious mental life is just the tiniest tip of the iceberg.
In fact our conscious mental life is so partial, fragmented and haphazard that it is risky to try drawing any conclusions about what is or isn't in, or done by, our conscious mental life from observations of that conscious mental life. Consciousness is an unreliable observer of itself. Just as we are not conscious of everything around us, we are not conscious of everything about consciousness.
So for example, the fact that we often wake up with the solution to some problem with no awareness of conscious processing of the problem doesn't prove that it was solved solely by our unconscious minds. Another possibility is that our conscious minds were involved in working on the problem during those sleep hours, but due to the peculiar nature of sleep, all that conscious work has been forgotten by the time we wake up.
We know that most of what we are conscious of while we sleep – our dreaming – is not remembered when we wake up. (Some people use special techniques to try to increase the amount they remember.) Even the fact that we had that dreaming experience is not generally presented to conscious awareness once we wake up.
So there is nothing mysterious in having large parts of our mental life go by and, at a later point in time, our having no awareness of it. At that point, it may as well not have existed at all.
I once had a student who asserted that he had conclusive evidence that zombies exist. For many months, he claimed, he was one himself.
In the philosophical literature on consciousness, a zombie is a person just like you or me in outward behavior, but who has no "inner" conscious mental life at all.
Student: I was a zombie once.
Me: What makes you think you were a zombie?
Student: One day I suddenly became aware that for the previous few months I had had no conscious experience at all. But I had been going about all my activities quite normally.
Me: Here's another hypothesis: during those months, you were conscious in the normal way, but one day (strangely enough) you suddenly couldn't remember any of that conscious experience. A bit like waking up from a good sleep – you had lots of great dreams, but you wake up in the morning unable to recall any of their contents, and not even consciously aware that you had any dreams at all.
Student: No, that's not what happened. I really was a zombie.
To me, the "couldn't remember" hypothesis is more plausible hypothesis than the "was a genuine zombie all that time" hypothesis. Just apply Occam's Razor. The memory failure hypothesis requires a one-time mental dysfunction. The zombie hypothesis requires something very unusual to be going on for months on end.
So, bringing this back to the main point: people often say that, when a problem is solved after sleeping on it, that this shows that they can solve problems unconsciously.
To me it is more plausible that they solved the problem with the usual mix of unconscious processing (doing, as with everything, most of the work) and chaotic conscious awareness. It is just that, due to the nature of sleep, they retained no awareness of all that conscious activity.
Which brings me to a larger point – when it comes to effective thinking, the conscious/unconscious distinction is really a red herring. Whether activity is conscious or unconscious just doesn't have much to do with whether it is effective or not.
The debate "is it better to think consciously about a problem, or let your unconscious mind do the work?" is ill-conceived.
It is obvious that conscious thinking, by itself, is not much help in solving problems.
In workshops, I often present a problem and ask people to think hard about it.
After giving people a while to think about it, I ask: what was going through your mind when thinking about it? What did your conscious mind DO to help you solve problem?
People generally answer that, on reflection, there were two things going on. First, they were conscious of the problem itself. Second, they were conscious of the need to think hard about the problem. In other words, one part – half? – of their conscious activity was acting like a kind of cheerleader on the sidelines – making a lot of noise, but not really affecting the way the game goes.
Clearly, cheerleading is a waste of mental effort – it would be much better to direct that cognitive activity in more productive ways.
Often, people do end up solving the problem, and I ask – where did the solution come from? How did you get it? The answer, generally, is that it somehow popped into their minds, out of nowhere. Suddenly, there it was.
In other words, even when consciously thinking very hard about a problem, what people are often doing is relying on their unconscious mental processing – what I call the subconsious genius – to simply – magically – deliver up the answer.
But don't get me wrong – the path to better thinking is NOT "just let your unconscious mind solve your problems." Because unconscious processing, for all its wonderful strengths, has lots of limitations as well.
It can solve some problems brilliantly – problems such as what is that thing I'm looking at?
But our native/innate/untutored unconcious mental powers are quite hopeless at many other tasks – such as should Australia become a republic?
For many, if not all of our most interesting intellectual challenges, unconscious mental processing needs to be augmented or harnessed by something else. That "something else" is not conscious thought processes – at least, not consciousness per se. Conscious activity is as likely as not to just get in the way.
augmentation by external resources which can handle those aspects of complex cognitive tasks which our biological brains are not well adapted to handling – such as holding and manipulating complex structures of information in short term memory.
practice on cognitive process (fluid intelligence) is just as important as acquired knowledge (crystallized intelligence). It takes both to keep our mental edge.
Great post. Thanks for the mention. Glad I caught it. I'll be linking to your blog. Keep up the good work.
It discuss research that investigates decisions made using conscious and unconscious thought. For example, when choosing an apartment to rent, some subjects were asked to think consciously about their decision for a period, whereas others were asked to do some other activity for that same period. The latter group (using "unconscious thought") ended up being more satisfied with their decisions.


Hotel Iberostar Laguna Azul is a newly built 5 star property in Varadero. The 814 rooms hotel stands right next to Sirenis la Salina hotel and started its operation in June 2009 with 490 rooms.
Laguna Azul belongs to Iberostar chain that is very well known for their great hotels and prides themselves on high quality service. Along with typical Iberostar amenities this new hotel will include a piano bar, fun pub, 5 restaurants, 5 swimming pools, SPA, mini-club for kids age 4 – 12, sports and live entertainment – everything you need for an enjoyable beach holiday in Cuba.
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Hotel offers 24 suites. All rooms are equipped with modern furniture and facilities and have a balcony or terrace.


Combat Crunch baked protein bars are made using a proprietary baking process for superior taste and a softer texture. The bars are high protein, with low active carbs and tons of fiber. Unlike hard-paste, "taffy-like" sports bars, Combat Crunch is like eating a soft-batch cookie.
Protein blend (whey protein isolate, milk protein isolate), isomalto-oligosaccharide (prebiotic fiber), chocolate chunks (chocolate liquor [processed with alkali], sugar, cocoa butter and vanilla), glycerin, vegetable oils (palm, palm kernel oil), sugar, almonds, water, soy protein isolate, maltitol, and cocoa (processed with alkali). Contains Less Than 2% OF: Resistant maltodextrin, salt, soy lecithin, natural flavor, sucralose, vanilla, and tapioca starch. Contains Milk, soy, tree nut, and peanut. Manufactured in plant that processes milk, soy, tree nut, wheat, peanut, and egg products.


Hello and Happy (early) Birthday to my sister!! I love you so much!!
This past week has been a busy one! Today felt so nice out so I decided that called for a breezy maxi skirt and tank top. The thing I really love about this look is how the the maxi blows in the wind. Combined with the particular print of the skirt, it has such a whimsical effect. I paired it with a statement belt to cinch the waist a bit.
I am really excited to share a photo story with you. This past week I was lucky enough to be a part of another photo shoot with Don Porter Photography. I worked with Don a few months before on a shoot for designer, Minh Le, and was thrilled when he emailed me about another shoot. This time there were several designers; Aubrey Busek, House of Lemond, and Rick Owens. I was excited to work with Zach -the wardrobe stylist- again. He is a great person! Very easy to get along with, inspiring, and funny! The first shoot, I was a little nervous at first, not knowing what to expect, but this go-round I felt like we were old friends. He has a great, distinct eye for fashion. He knows exactly what look he is going for. And although its not necessarily mainstream fashion, its always stunning!
I got to work with and chat with designer, Aubrey Busek as well during the course of the day. She is such a pleasure to work with! Not only are her designs gorgeous -and they really, really are!- but she is so pleasant, funny, and hard working. I was in awe of her designs -the white maxi dress in the pictures is by far my favorite piece!
One of the things I take away most from these shoots is the amount of time and effort that goes in to the pieces. There is so many intricate details to the pieces, I cannot imagine how much time and work is put in, but it pays off in every way possible with very stunning pieces.
Don was a pleasure as always, and dedicated to no end! Thank you so much for the opportunity, Don! I always love working with you!
I hope you enjoy, thanks so much for reading!!
Thanks so much Terry!! I appreciate it!
I'm so excited for you! And a lovely outfit too!


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The curriculum and pedagogy of the Martin Luther King Jr Freedom Center draws upon traditions of the science of nonviolence, social justice, sovereignty, and internationalism. The following is a suggested reading list for further reference.
Barber, B. R. (2004). Strong democracy: Participatory politics for a new age. Los Angeles:
Benlevi, J. (2011). Too much magic: Pulling the plug on the cult of tech. San Francisco, CA:
Contrarian Books.
Brameld, T. (1965). Education as power (p. 146). New York, NY: Holy, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.
Brameld, T. (1976). The teacher as world citizen. Palm Springs, CA: ETC Publications.
Dahl, R. (2001). How democratic is the American Constitution? New haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education. The Philosophical Review (Vol. 25, p. 735).
Dewey, J. (1984). Individualism old and new. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
DuBois, W. E. B. (1994). The souls of Black folk. New York, NY: Dover Publications.
DuBois, W.E.B. (1935). Black Reconstruction in America 1960-1880. New York: The Free Press.
Edelman, M. W. (1992). The Measure of your success: a letter to my children and yours. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
Huxley, A. (1937). Ends and means. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers Publishers.
Kelley, E. (1947). Education for what is real. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers.
King, M. L. (1963). Letter from Birmingham jail. Retrieved March 24, 2012, from http://heinonlinebackup.com/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/davlr26&section=31
King, M. L. (1967a). The trumpet of conscience. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
King, M. L., Jr. (1968). Chaos or community: Where do we go from here? Westminster, London, UK: Penguin Books.
Laski, H. (1935). Democracy in crisis. Chapel Hill: University of North California Press.
O'Dell, J.H. (2010). Climbin' Jacob's ladder: The Black freedom movement writings of Jack O'Dell. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Padover, S. K. (1973). Sources of democracy. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Patrick, J. (2003). Essential elements of education for democracy: What are they and why should they be at the core of the curriculum in schools. October 16, 2003 in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University.
Washington, J. (1986). A testament of hope. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
West, C. (2014). Black prophetic fire. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
Wilson, R. (2002). Leadership poetry workshop: Creating peace and strengthening democracy. Kent, WA: Institute for Community Leadership.
Woodson, C. (2010). The MisEducation of the Negro. Seven Treasures Publications.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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you are here: HomeNewsWorld
Funeral held in Vietnam for influential Buddhist monk Thich Nhat Hanh
Nhat Hanh was globally recognized for spreading the practice of mindfulness and socially engaged Buddhism, particularly in the West. For most of his life, he lived in exile at Plum Village, a retreat center he founded in southern France.
January 29, 2022 / 10:01 PM IST
(Image: Reuters)
A funeral was held Saturday for the Vietnamese Buddhist monk Thich Nhat Hanh, a week after the renowned Zen master and peace activist died at the age of 95 in Hue in central Vietnam.
Thousands of monks and disciples trailed a procession of pallbearers carrying Nhat Hanh's coffin from Tu Hieu Pagoda, where he spent his last days, to the cremation site. Others kneeled and clasped their hands in prayer on the roadside and bowed to the ground as the casket went past.
ALSO READ: All you need to know about the influential Buddhist monk Thich Nhat Hanh
Born Nguyen Dinh Lang in 1926 in Hue and ordained at the age of 16, Nhat Hanh distilled Buddhist teachings on compassion and suffering into easily grasped guidance over a lifetime dedicated to working for peace.
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His campaign against the Vietnam War in the 1960s led to him being barred from returning to both North and South Vietnam. He was only allowed back into the country in 2005, when the communist-ruled government welcomed him back in the first of several visits.
Surviving a stroke in 2014 that left him unable to speak, Nhat Hanh returned home in October 2018, spending his final years at the Tu Hieu Pagoda.
During the seven-day wake, Nhat Hanh was laid in state in Tu Hieu Pagoda's full moon reception hall, where his disciples came to pay respect in silence and practice meditation as a tribute to his teachings.
"I am happy and feel at peace that I could come to Hue to say farewell and meditate with 'Su Ong' for the last time," said Do Minh Hieu, a follower of Nhat Hanh's who traveled from southern Ho Chi Minh City with his family for the funeral. "Su Ong" is an affectionate Vietnamese term meaning "Grandpa Monk."
According to his wishes, Nhat Hanh will be cremated and his ashes will be scattered at Plum Village centers and monasteries around the world.
Tags: #Buddhist monk #Thich Nhat Hanh #Vietnam
first published: Jan 29, 2022 10:01 pm
Saurav Mukherjee


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Headlines: FY 2017 Budget Request Includes $857M for GPS
Information for Policymakers from the National Coordination Office for Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT)
FY 2017 Budget Request Includes $857M for GPS
The President's Budget for Fiscal Year 2017 includes $847.362 million in Department of Defense funds and $10 million in Department of Transportation funds to sustain and modernize the Global Positioning System (GPS).
FY 2017 Program Element
Space Procurement, Air Force: GPS III Satellites $199.218M $34.059M
RDT&E, Air Force: GPS III Satellites $180.902M $141.888M
RDT&E, Air Force: Next Generation Operational Control System (OCX) $350.232M $393.268M
RDT&E, Air Force: Military GPS User Equipment $142.288M $278.147M
DOT Research & Technology: Civil Signal Monitoring - Air Force - GPS $15M $10M
By national policy, DOT provides resources to DOD for assessment, development, acquisition, implementation, operation, and sustainment of additional designated GPS civil capabilities beyond the second and third civil signals. In addition, the DOT budget includes the following GPS augmentations and activities.
FY 2017 Program
FAA Facilities & Equipment: Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) and GPS Civil Requirements Oversight $80.6M $85M
FAA Facilities & Equipment: Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) GEO Satellite Leases $26.6M $26.6M
DOT Research & Technology: Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) $1.61M $1.61M
Get further details on these programs at GPS.gov
You are also welcome to contact Chris Mindnich at the National Coordination Office (chris.mindnich@gps.gov, 202-482-2004) to arrange a staff briefing about GPS with the relevant agencies.
This newsletter is produced and distributed by the National Coordination Office for Space-Based PNT, a central resource within the government for GPS policy information. For more information, visit www.gps.gov/congress.
You are receiving this newsletter because of your interest / involvement in legislative affairs that are pertinent to the Global Positioning System (GPS), which affects national defense, transportation, science & technology, energy & environment, commerce, communications, privacy, and many other aspects of society.
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Q: Two questions about max heap sizes and available memory in android I see that the Heap Size is automatically increased as the app needs it, up to whatever the phone's Max Heap Size is.  I also see that the Max Heap Size is different depending on the device.
So my first question is, what are the typical Max Heap Sizes on Android devices?  I have tested memory allocation on one phone that was able to use a heap over 40mb while another gave out OutOfMemory errors in the 20's mbs.  What are the lowest that are in common use and what are the highest that are on common devices?  Is there a standard or average?
The second question, and more important one, is how to ensure you are able to use the resources available per device but avoid using too much?  I know there are methods such as onLowMemory() but those seem to be only for the entire system memory, not just the heap for your specific application.
Is there a way to detect the max heap size for the device and also detect when the available heap memory is reaching a low point for your application?
For example, if the device only allowed a max heap of 24mb and the app was nearing that limit in allocation, then it could detect and scale back.  However, if the device could comfortably handle more, it would be able to take advantage of what is available.
Thanks

A: Early devices had a per-app cap of 16MB.  Later devices increased that to 24MB.  Future devices will likely have even more available.
The value is a reflection of the physical memory available on the device and the properties of the display device (because a larger screen capable of displaying more colors will usually require larger bitmaps).
Edit: Additional musings...
I read an article not too long ago that pointed out that garbage-collecting allocators are essentially modeling a machine with infinite memory.  You can allocate as much as you want and it'll take care of the details.  Android mostly works this way; you keep hard references to the stuff you need, soft/weak references to stuff you might not, and discard references to the stuff you'll never need again.  The GC sorts it all out.
In your particular case, you'd use soft references to keep around the things that you don't need to have in memory, but would like to keep if there's enough room.
This starts to fall apart with bitmaps, largely because of some early design decisions that resulted in the "external allocation" mechanism.  Further, the soft reference mechanism needs some tuning -- the initial version tended to either keep everything or discard everything.
The Dalvik heap is under active development (see e.g. the notes on Android 2.3 "Gingerbread", which introduces a concurrent GC), so hopefully these issues will be addressed in a future release.
Edit: Update...
The "external allocation" mechanism went away in 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich).  The pixel data for Bitmaps is now stored on the Dalvik heap, avoiding the earlier annoyances.
Recent devices (e.g. the Nexus 4) cap the heap size at 96MB or more.
A general sense of the app's memory limits can be obtained as the "memory class", from ActivityManager.getMemoryClass().  A more specific value can be had from the java.lang.Runtime function maxMemory().

A: Here are the "normal" (see below) heap sizes for some specific devices:

*

*G1: 16MB

*Moto Droid: 24MB

*Nexus One: 32MB

*Viewsonic GTab: 32MB

*Novo7 Paladin: 60MB

I say "normal" because some versions of Android (e.g., CyanogenMod) will allow a user to manually adjust the heap limit.  The result can be larger or smaller than the "normal" values.
See this answer for additional information, including how to find out what the heap size actually is programmatically, and also how to distinguish between the absolute heap size limit on the one hand and the heap limit that you should ideally respect, on the other:
Detect application heap size in Android
To detect what your present heap utilization is, you could try using the Runtime class' totalMemory() method.  However, I've read reports that different versions/implementations of the Android OS may have different policies regarding whether native memory (from which the backing memory for bitmaps is allocated) is counted against the heap's maximum or not.  And, since version 3.0, the native memory is directly taken from the application's own heap.
The iffiness of this calculation makes me think that it is a mistake to monitor your app's usage of memory at runtime, constantly comparing it to the amount available.  Also, if you are in the middle of an involved computation, and find that you're running out of memory, it is not always convenient or reasonable to cancel that computation, and it may create a bad experience for your users if you do.
Instead, you might try preemptively defining certain modes, or constraints, upon your app's functional behavior that will ensure that it comes in under whatever your current device's relevant heap limits are (as detected during your app's initialization).
For example, if you have an app that uses a large list of words that must be loaded into memory all at once, then you might constrain your app so that for smaller heap limits only a smaller list of the more common words can be loaded, while for larger heap limits a full list containing many more words can be loaded.
There are also Java programming techniques that allow you to declare certain memory to be reclaimable by the garbage collector on demand, even if it has existing "soft" (rather than hard) references.  If you have data that you would like to keep in memory, but which can be re-loaded from non-volatile storage if required (i.e., a cache), then you might consider using soft references to have such memory automatically freed when your app starts bumping against the upper limits of your heap.  See this page for info on soft references in Android:
http://developer.android.com/reference/java/lang/ref/SoftReference.html

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Kinder Morgan Partners takes on Berkshire Hathaway in this last round-robin match up in our search for the better stock today.
Joel South, energy analyst at The Motley Fool, thinks Kinder Morgan Partners (UNKNOWN:KMP.DL) is the better investment because the firm is the premier midstream MLP in the world. Kinder Morgan Partners offer a substantial 7.1% distribution yield, but more importantly, the large pipeline operator continues to grow its payments by maintaining strict capital discipline and structuring its contracts so 93% of all revenue is absent commodity risk. With $641 billion expected to be spent in the North American midstream market in the next 20 years, Kinder Morgan Partners could outperform the broad market year in and year out.
Financials analyst David Hanson believes the number one reason Berkshire Hathaway (NYSE:BRK-A) (NYSE:BRK-B) should win this match is the company's unmatched reinvestment opportunities. Berkshire has its hands in multiples areas of the economy, from energy to railroads, and it can choose to reinvest its hefty profits in any of these businesses. That by itself would be impressive, but the company still has the world's greatest long-term investor, Warren Buffett, making these decisions. Buffett isn't young at 83 years old, but he appears to be getting savvier by the year, and is currently sitting on as much capital as he's ever had available to him. The next 5 years at Berkshire Hathaway look incredibly bright.


We are a family of cyclists and triathletes, we compete, coach and play an active role within the cycling and triathlon arena. Yellow Jersey is an opportunity for us to use our passion to provide a product that's clear, simple and delivers when it's needed most.
Join the club to get some Kudos, hear about events and ride with the team!


Sparse Representations for Radar with MATLAB® Examples Edition by Peter Knee and Publisher Morgan & Claypool Publishers. Save up to 80% by choosing the eTextbook option for ISBN: 9781627050357, 1627050353. The print version of this textbook is ISBN: 9781627050340, 1627050345.


We are looking for concierge staff to join us in delivering exceptional service to Hotel Guests and visitors. We provide in house training and development. If you want to work with a great team, under professional management with extensive in-resort experience and support contact us.
Skye Niseko is currently hiring Front Office Staff to take care of front desk, concierge and bell desk duties.
An experienced and driven individual to work as Front Desk Supervisor in Skye Niseko – assisting the Front Desk Manager to ensure the smooth day to day operation of front office.


The demand for the "3 skull" design has been so great, by popular demand, we are bringing you this zip-up hoodie for the winter... while supplies last of course. Get 'em while they are hot. Very soft, and very comfortable!


Impressionnant Comment Faire Un Salon De Jardin En Palette images that posted in this website was uploaded by Forum-prestashop.com. Impressionnant Comment Faire Un Salon De Jardin En Paletteequipped with aHD resolution 2048 x 1529.You can save Impressionnant Comment Faire Un Salon De Jardin En Palette for free to your devices.
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Amazing tufa! A centerpiece for any route or problem. Double juggy pinches run along the entire length of the feature. Great for hand-foot matches.
Three gigantic matchable jugs. Great for finishes and dyno moves. Comfortable, rounded lips.
Huge, double-sided jug! Great for steep angles and roofs.
Five super incut jugs. Perfect for finish holds or themed problem on a roof.


THE EDDIE ARGOS RESOURCE: The Eddie Argos Shop.
I am now a shopkeeper.
I made little paypal buttons to put under the items I am selling. This is mainly because I enjoy making buttons (and pushing them, I've already sold myself about three paintings).
You can still buy things from me by emailing eddie.argos.resource@gmail.com if you prefer. I like to hear from people so you can just email and not buy anything if you fancy that too. I'm a bit flakey though so might not reply straight away.
I'm glad you liked my photo, but it would have been nice if you'd asked before using it on your site. It's not like the contact details were not watermarked on it!


Scott Nelson is a small farmer/rancher, living just a few miles north of the Cannonball river and Standing Rock Indian Reservation in south west North Dakota. He lives on the farm homesteaded by his Grandfather in 1908.
Scott is a self taught artist, he started drawing as a small child as soon as he learned to hold a pencil. Scott works with pen and ink, water color, acrylic wash, and oils. His subjects are mostly western, contemporary and Historical. Scott has illustrated several books and has been published in a number of magazines. He has contributed artwork to the North Dakota Cowboy Hall of Fame Chronicle.
For the past several years, several of these original paintings were on display in conjunction with the North Dakota WW II Exibit at the Heritage Center, ND Capital Grounds, Bismarck ND.
Of the thirteen oil paintings, 6 have been made into limited edition prints, 350 signed and numbered, 50 artists proofs with remarqes. The veterans have graciously signed most of their respective prints.


text:
Q: Postgres SQL query inconsistency How is it possible to get a different result (0 rows vs 272 rows) when running SELECT * vs COUNT(*) with the same query in Postgres 12 on Linux? The database is not changing. I tried vacuuming and restarting the Postgres server. I am manually trying to clean up a corrupted database by removing some references to an unimportant table that didn't get properly deleted and keeps throwing errors. Yes, I backed up all the data first.
I am mostly wondering if this is a bug, or I am misunderstanding how to use SQL. Also note that adding an AND condition increases the number of results for COUNT, which does not make sense to me.
Psql console dump:
postgres=# SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_attribute WHERE pg_attribute.attrelid >= 2128137 AND pg_attribute.attrelid <= 2132360;
 count
-------
     0
(1 row)

postgres=# SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_attribute WHERE pg_attribute.attrelid >= 2128137 AND pg_attribute.attrelid <= 2132360 AND pg_attribute.attname NOT ILIKE '%pg.dropped%';
 count
-------
   272
(1 row)

postgres=# SELECT COUNT(*) FROM pg_attribute WHERE pg_attribute.attrelid >= 2128137 AND pg_attribute.attrelid <= 2132360 AND pg_attribute.attname NOT ILIKE '%pg.dropped%';
 count
-------
   272
(1 row)

postgres=# SELECT * FROM pg_attribute WHERE pg_attribute.attrelid >= 2128137 AND pg_attribute.attrelid <= 2132360 AND pg_attribute.attname NOT ILIKE '%pg.dropped%';
(returns 0 rows in editor)

A: It is "normal" for queries on a corrupted database to return wrong results.
Rather than trying to fix the corruption (where you can never be certain that there may not be more corruption be lurking somewhere), pg_dump the database and restore it to a newly created cluster on different hardware. If you are lucky, that will work, and you are fine.
Catalog corruption is the nastiest kind. If the above doesn't work, seek professional help. If you don't know what a query plan is, you won't be able to do that yourself (no insult intended).


New Slimline Design available in 5 Colors!
Hidden spy camera disguised as a working mini Slim-Design Power Bank that contains a built-in hidden camera and built-in DVR Micro SD card video recorder! New higher capacity battery and up to 1920x1080 High-Definition 1080p HDTV Video Resolution!
This power bank is fully functional! In addition to the hidden camera functions it also works as an external power pack that can be used to power or charge any device that is normally charged or powered by a USB connection. That means it can be used it to power or recharge your cell phone, tablet, e-cig, and other similar devices too.
Built-in IR (Infrared) LED Night Vision lets this model see in complete darkness. The night vision LED emits light that can be seen by the camera but isn't visible to the human eye.
This hidden camera is one of the most flexible of them all. Better than a normal "black box" hidden camera, the mini power pack is a device that would normally be used to charge or give extra power for cell phones or other USB-charged electronic items when wall power isn't available. This is such a common item that it wouldn't look out of place in any situation. It can hidden in plain sight on a desk, shelf, counter, table, window, etc.
It is also possible to hide this powerpack inside or behind many items. For instance it could fit inside a tissue box, or inside a wicker basket with just a tiny hole or slit for the pinhole lens to see through.
This device can be plugged-in to any powered USB port or USB wall charger for full-time power. This connection will power the device and charge the battery at the same time.


Low taxes, opportunity, and warm weather attract migrants.
Finally, after being headquartered in Torrance, Calif., for half a century, Toyota has had enough of California's anti-business, anti-growth policies and is packing its bags and moving to Plano, Texas, where the contrast couldn't be greater. And Toyota is not alone in fleeing California.
You can tell a lot about the hot spots in America by tracking where Americans are moving to and where they are running from. Every year, about 3 million Americans move from one state to another; the combined adjusted gross incomes (AGI) of these movers and shakers is over $140 billion. Last week, the IRS released its latest data for tax year 2010 (filing year 2011) on the migration patterns of Americans and how much income they bring into and out of each state. The new report is an eye-opener, and we only hope those who are talking wistfully about 80 percent tax rates will pay attention. It has been true for a long time that taxes redistribute people, not wealth — and it's never been truer than it is today.
One thing we can discern from these data is that Americans are still highly attracted to warm weather and sunshine: Florida, South Carolina, and Arizona were the three biggest winners in terms of net increase in income from new arrivals. But a 70-degree temperature and blue skies aren't the only factors moving people around. In percentage terms, states like Wyoming, South Dakota, and Idaho were big winners too.
These numbers may look small, but they're actually substantial losses: Once a person has left a state, he usually stays gone for quite a while. While the numbers reported are for only one year, if these trends hold up over a decade, these states could surrender between 5 and 10 percent of their total income to other states.
What do these losers have in common? Well, the four biggest losers are about the most politically liberal states in the nation, and the sixth biggest — Alaska — is ridiculously cold and dark.


text:
117 York Street, Fredericton, NB E3B 3N6 | Ph: 506.455.4193 | Email: president@fsinb.ca
Honorary Directors
FSI Dinner & Auction
38th Dinner and Auction Details (2018)
37th Dinner and Auction (2017)
Previous Guest Speakers
Fredericton Sports Wall of Fame
Wall of Fame Details (2019)
Previous Wall of Fame Inductees
Myer and Jack Budovitch Trophy Athlete of the Year
This Year's Recipient
Previous Recipients
William (Bill) MacGillivary Volunteer Award
Tips on submitting a nomination
FSI & NBACL Elimination Draw
Fredericton Sports Investment started as a group of local hockey supporters who banded together to operate the Fredericton Jr. Red Wings in the New Brunswick Jr. B Hockey League in 1981. The major fundraising initiative was an auction at which the public could bid on various items donated by local merchants. After only two years the league folded, but FSI continued its annual fundraising activities, with the proceeds going to support "minor hockey and other young athletes and teams".
The format was changed to a Dinner/Auction in 1990, and, for several years, hi-lited by a "name" guest speaker. Gross revenues steadily increased from about $10,000 in that first year, to $45,000 in 1991, $105,000 in 2001, $230,000 in 2011, and a record $280,000 in 2016. FSI has, from the 37 auctions, returned over $4,000,000 to this community. While most of the funds are distributed to hockey players and teams, FSI has, during the last decade, made over 500 grants in 45 sports other than hockey.
FSI administers two special endowment funds – The Timmy Munn Memorial Scholarship Fund and the Timmy Munn Needy Kids Fund. The former provides financial support for first year university students, while the latter, via the Brendon Oreto Foundation, provides funds for kids who can not afford to play their sport. Both funds are in memory of deceased hockey player Timmy Munn, and were established from the sales of a series of limited edition hockey prints donated to FSI by Tim's mother, celebrated artist Catherine Karnes Munn.
Another initiative of FSI is the Fredericton Sports Wall of Fame, inaugurated in 1992, which can be viewed in its renovated display at the Delta Hotel. Every May, a reception and dinner are held to honour and induct the successful nominees, who now total 85 Athletes, 63 Builders and 22 Teams. At that event we also recognize Fredericton's Athlete of the Year with the Myer and Jack Budovitch Trophy, and long- time sports volunteers with the Bill MacGillivary Volunteer Award.
FSI also partners with the NB Association of Community Living to present an Elimination Draw each October, providing more funds for amateur sports in our community.
FSI has a volunteer Board of 30 local business, professional and retired individuals who give of their time to support the youth of this community.
For more information go to our website at www.fsinb.ca
117 York Street,
E3B 3N6
Email: president@fsinb.ca
FSportsInvestmentFollow
FSportsInvestment@FSIcapitalcity·
Auction rolling. Over $20,000 and just getting started. #FSI2018 @DaxPhillips leading the way!
Live auction starting
Dinner is served! #FSI2018
Getting excited to bid on all your Christmas gifts at the FSI auction tonight #frederictonsportsinvestment
#FSI2018 Directors ready to welcome our guests for Dinner Auction
Copyright Fredericton Sports Investment (1990) Inc., All Rights Reserved.


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We all know how healthy, popular and rewarding cycling can be and the Kitsons Devon Classic Bike Ride will be all of these things and more. Three excellent routes have been prepared, all arrangements and logistics have been taken care of and we aim to ensure that everybody has a rewarding and enjoyable time.
We intend to make the event as pleasurable and as much fun as we can, whilst at the same time giving all riders a great sense of achievement in successfully completing the Kitsons Devon Classic Bike Ride (to ensure your enjoyment and success please check out our 'Training for the Kitsons Devon Classic Bike Ride' page).
Once on the road, you will be able to focus totally on the task ahead and enjoy the ride, all you need is your bike and helmet.
The 100-mile ride will start at 09:00. The 60-mile ride will start at 09:30. The 25-mile ride will start at 10:00. Whichever distance you are taking on, you will need to be at the start area (Bicton College, East Budleigh Road, Budleigh Salterton, Devon, EX9 7BY) at least 45 minutes before your start time. Coffee and bacon rolls will be available from 07:30.
All routes have been well thought out by the Zeus Cycling team and promise to be brilliant rides. Each of the rides is different in mileage, but will all prove a great challenge; whether it's for experienced riders taking on the longer courses.The 25-mile option is a good challenge for any cyclist and like the elite riders you will take on a few climbs. The routes have taken many months of planning to put together and will all have clearly marked routes and pit stops. The event takes place on open roads and it is vital that all riders comply with the Highway Code and observe road signs. Please show courtesy to other road users at all times, especially local residents.
Once under way, you'll follow the pre-planned routes that will be clearly marked with well-displayed signs. There will also be highly experienced outsiders riding amongst you. They'll be able to deal with any problems and will help to keep everyone on the correct route. There will also be support vehicles roaming the route as well as various members of the Zeus Cycling team – all of whom do so in order to facilitate the best possible experience for our riders.
Registration will be available on the day and the cost will be the same as the pre-registration costs It is recommended to sign up in advance.
Please check out our 'Rules & Regs' page for further event rules.
There will be a generous amount of delicious food available at all pit stops, helping to get the fuel back in the tanks ready for the miles ahead. Food and drinks will be available at all the pit stops on each route including filled rolls, cakes, everything at our pit stops is free.
We intend to make The Devon Classic Bike ride one of the best events in the country and the Hospicare team pride themselves on their pit stops. We're sure you won't be disappointed! There will be a minimum of two on the 60-mile route and three on the 100-mile route. All pit stops will be well-signposted, with food, drinks, toilets, first aid kits and (where possible) bike mechanics will be on call. For the shorter distance of 25 miles, there will not be a pit stop as refreshments will be available at the finish.
All entrants will be provided with official event numbers at registration before the event and only those riders with an official event number will be allowed into the starting area. Under no circumstances will any rider(s) be allowed to enter the ride without an official number.
We will need up to ten keen and fit volunteers for the event. It is important for all of our volunteers to want to have fun and at the same time help us make the Devon Classic Bike Rode a real winner and raise thousands of pounds for the benefiting charities.
Volunteers will have to be available for the entire day on Sunday in order to help us prepare for, and deliver, an event that promises to be filled with fun and excitement across the Devon County side.
We are looking for Drivers, Route Marshalls, First Aiders, Masseurs, Administrators, and someone who can play the bugle or trumpet!
It is important for all riders to have an understanding of The Devon Classic Bike Ride Rules and Regulations to take part in the event. If you have any questions, please give us a call. You can see our rules & regs by clicking here.


text:
Hagiografia:
Mare de Déu
 Esglésies:
Mare de Déu d'Arbul, església de l'antic municipi de Fígols de Tremp, d'estil barroc de Barcelona

Vegeu també
 Mare de Déu de la Mercè (desambiguació)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Anthony David Smith (b.1938), President (1988–2005)
Mark Roscoe	(b.1974)
Magdalen College, University of Oxford
© the artist. Photo credit: Magdalen College, University of Oxford
H 90 x W 69.5 cm
commissioned, 2005
Necktie (1,153)
Shirt (2,974)
Suit (4,120)
Tie (2,893)
High Street, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 4AU England
This venue is closed to the public.
Artist or maker
Mark Roscoe
Brian Smith, Master St Catherine's College, University of Oxford
Averil Cameron, 11th Warden (1994–2010) Keble College, University of Oxford
Professor Noel G. Lloyd (b.1946), Vice-Chancellor (2004–2011) Aberystwyth University School of Art Museum and Galleries
Professor Dinesh Bhugra, President of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (2008–2011) Royal College of Psychiatrists
Sandy University of Dundee, Duncan of Jordanstone College Collection
Professor David Yates Robinson College, University of Cambridge
Anthony David Smith (b.1938), President (1988–2005) Magdalen College, University of Oxford


text:
Holy Thursday: When Love Enters a Cosmos Turned in on Itself
by Msgr. Michael Heintz March 28, 2018
When pure love, divine love, agape, enters a world turned in on itself, a world whose operating system is self-love, closed off by fear from any other possibility, such pure love is neither fully received nor fully reciprocated. In such a fallen and rebellious cosmos, that pure love, divine love, encountering indifference, denial, and rejection, is not welcomed with humility and delight, but is refracted in suffering. Such pure love can be expressed fully in a sinful and contorted world only as sacrifice. For rational creatures whose will is wounded—that is, for us—real love, pure love, agape, will always involve some kind of dying.
St. John tells us that as Jesus initiated his Last Supper with his disciples, he was fully aware of what he was doing, fully aware of what this meal anticipated and made sacramentally present, fully aware of it was going to cost him. Further, the Evangelist links this full knowledge with a fullness of love, the real impetus of his action, commenting that Jesus loved his own—and loved them perfectly, or "to the end," as he puts it. Yet, while the three Synoptic Gospels each offer an account of the Last Supper itself replete with details, information St. Paul had as well related to the Corinthians, on Holy Thursday the Church begins its solemn Triduum with the Mass of the Lord's Supper, the Church proposes for our prayer a passage from the Fourth Gospel. This passage from St. John recounts not so much the meal itself, but the action of Jesus which anticipates, literally and sacramentally, that meal. Jesus foreshadows by his acts of humility the kind of love that the Eucharist makes present and possible, embodying a new and eternal covenant; yet it is a meal which, because it is a gift offered with the purest of love, in and on behalf of a world powerless to free itself from itself—and thus itself incapable of such an offering—it is also necessarily a sacrifice, a sacrifice whose completion or fulfillment, and whose real cost, will be made manifest the following afternoon, on Good Friday.
Fully aware that his disciples, like most of us most of the time, were utterly clueless as to what he was about, Jesus has to explain to them the meaning of his action: in his Kingdom, it is not about power, or control, or security, or ease, or comfort, or warm feelings, or efficiency, or success. No, he establishes for us in himself, a new pattern, a new way, a new command, a new covenant: humble love, pure love, divine love, agape, a kind of love we would never have figured out on our own, a love that we could not conjure up within ourselves even with a Herculean effort. We are simply too turned in on ourselves to have imagined such a love. And the meal he is about to share with them will become the sacrament—the efficacious, living sign—of what he will do on Friday afternoon, and make that one, perfect sacrifice of purest love, perpetually present and available to us his followers, not only as a wonder for our loving adoration and contemplation, but also as our very food and drink.
But the Mass is not simply a meal; the Mass is also a sacrifice. And it is a meal because it is first a sacrifice. The meal shared in the upper room that Thursday night has meaning only because of what was to be accomplished Friday afternoon on a hill outside of Jerusalem. We receive Christ's body and blood; but we also offer a sacrifice; more correctly, we join our sacrifice to his. It is Christ's one sacrifice, his one perfect self-offering to the Father on our behalf, made real and present on the altar. But it is also our sacrifice, mine and yours, joined to his, offered through him and with him and in him. And this sacrificial dimension is too often overlooked. There are some who, for a number of reasons, cannot receive. But they can still offer. That is why attending Mass should not be thought of as an experience of passivity, just piously biding our time in preparation to receive. It is an active offering as well, whether one is able to receive or not. As Jesus gives himself fully to his Father, so we too are asked to offer ourselves to God as well. Our love however, unlike his, is far from pure, far from perfect; we are too self-centered, egotistical, insecure, envious, petty, lustful, ambitious, resentful, and the list goes on. And that is why for us, sharing in his love, his agape, will cost us too, just as it cost him. Real love, pure love, in this fallen cosmos, will entail suffering. It will involve all kinds of little deaths; death to my ambition, death to my willfulness, death to my self-constructed identity, death to my ego, death to my impulse constantly to judge, death to all my disordered passions and desires. And so because we offer this sacrifice through him and with him and in him, while living in, but not of, a world in rebellion against him, our self-gift, our offering of ourselves, like his, will always cost us something, it will always involve for us a dying, a sacrifice.
Hence the ancient dread, sadly muted in our age, about approaching this altar unworthily. It is not primarily rooted in some vague concern about ritual purity, but in an authentic understanding of what the Eucharist truly is, what is really means, and what it necessarily costs. To worthily receive his body and blood is an act of rebellion: against the Ruler of This Age, against our own trumped up self-importance, against our own willing and half-willing complicity in this world's sin. And so to receive his body and blood without reflection as to its real cost—his death (and our own!)—is to receive it to our own undoing. But worthily to receive his body and blood is to receive his charity, his agape, his love, precisely because we are receiving nothing less than Christ himself. We are freed from having to save ourselves, rescued from having to make sense of life for ourselves, liberated from having to prove ourselves, emancipated from having to do it all ourselves. Christ in us, as St. Paul says, is the hope of glory. What began at our baptism is now continued, strengthened, and renewed by this greatest of sacraments. Jesus Christ: his life, his love, through us, and with us, and in us, for the life of the world.
Featured Image: Book of Kells, Folio 124r, Decorated text. Tunc Crucixerant, c. 800; Source: Wikimedia, PD-Old-100.
Msgr. Michael Heintz
Michael Heintz, a priest of the Diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend, Indiana, is currently Associate Professor of Historical and Systematic Theology at Mount St Mary's Seminary, Emmitsburg, Maryland.
Read more by Msgr. Michael Heintz
Stations of the Cross 7-8: The Cruel Repetitions of Our Cruelty
Stations of the Cross 5-6: Bystanders and Bypassers Turn Away