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Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You - Section 3 - 1826 - 1879 by Ibram X. Kendi and Jason Reynolds
Author: Ibram X. Kendi and Jason Reynolds
"Section 3 - 1826 - 1879." Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You, by Jason Reynolds and Ibram X. Kendi, Little, Brown and Company, 2020, pp. 82-109.
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Mass Communication for Mass Emancipation
I HAD A FRIEND. LET'S CALL HIM MIKE. HE WAS SIX foot five and an easy three hundred pounds. A football player. I'd watched him truck people on the field, watched him put parents' children on gurneys all in the name of school pride and athletic victory. I'd watched him grunt and spit and slap himself around like a beast. And we cheered for him. Said his name on the morning announcements, wrote about him in the school paper, even held an in-school press conference when he committed to playing football in college.
But many of us cheered for him for other reasons. Because he also was part of the tap dance club. Because he played Santa Claus in the winter play. Because he took creative writing classes (with me) to explore his love of poetry. Because he spoke out against the mistreatment of young women in our school and stood up for classmates who were being bullied.
Mike didn't always get it right, but he was always open to learning and was never afraid to try.
The abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison was like that—a man with power and privilege, not afraid to try. But before we get to him, we have to address one of the greatest series of coincidences that led him to become a central figure in the conversation around race and abolitionism.
Coincidence 1:
Both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams (President #2, before Jefferson) died on July 4, 1826, on the fiftieth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. Instead of people seeing this double death as a sign that the old ways of doing things were out of style—literally dead—people looked at their deaths as some kind of encouragement to carry out their legacies. It just so happens those legacies were deeply entwined with slavery. Boston had grown to nearly sixty thousand people and was fully immersed in New England's industrial revolution, which was now running on the wheels of southern cotton.
Though the revolutionary abolitionist movement was practically dead, Robert Finley's American Colonization Society was still functioning at full throttle, trying to get freed slaves to go back to Africa and set up their own colony. The ACS had asked a twenty-three-year-old firebrand named William Lloyd Garrison to give their Fourth of July address in 1829. Garrison was the man. He was smart and forward-thinking and worked as an editor of a Quaker-run abolitionist newspaper. But the ACS didn't know that Garrison had gone even further to the side of abolitionism, not colonization. He favored a gradual abolition—a freedom in steps—but abolition nonetheless. And that's what he spoke about at the ACS conference, which, let's just say, was a little off brand. Like someone speaking at a Nike conference, suggesting that the future of better running wasn't better sneakers but better feet. And Nike should figure out how to make better feet!
Garrison wasn't the only man who felt this way (about abolishing slavery, not sneakers) and was unafraid to speak out against colonization. David Walker was another. Walker was a Black man, and he had written a pamphlet, An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, arguing against the idea that Black people were made to serve White people. Walker's Appeal spread, Garrison read it, and eventually the two men met. But before they could really start making a mess of slavery, Walker, just thirty-three years old, died of tuberculosis.
Garrison was influenced greatly by Walker's ideas and carried them on, spreading them by doing what everyone had done before him: Literature. Writing. Language. The only difference was that Garrison's predecessors in propaganda always spread damaging information. At least about Black people. They'd always printed poison, narratives about Black inferiority and White superiority. But Garrison would buck that trend and start a newspaper, the Liberator. The name alone was a match strike. This paper relaunched the abolitionist movement among White people. In his first editorial piece, Garrison changed perspectives from gradual abolition to immediate abolition. Meaning, he used to believe that freedom was
incremental. A little bit at a time. A slow walk. Now he believed that freedom should be instant. Freedom right now. Immediately. Break the chains. Period. But (because there's always a but) immediate equality, well… that was a different story and, according to Garrison, should be… in steps. Gradual. So physical freedom now, but social freedom… eventually.
This idea of gradual equality was rooted in the same principles of uplift suasion. Blacks were seen as scary, and it was their responsibility to convince White people that they weren't. At least, this is what Garrison believed. But this idea was challenged by a man who disagreed with not only the idea of gradual equality but also the idea that Black people needed White people to save them, or that they—Black people—were part of the problem at all. His name was Nat Turner. He was a slave and a preacher, and just as slave owners before the Enlightenment era believed slavery was a holy mission, Turner believed the same was true for freedom. That he was called upon by God to plan and execute a massive crusade, an uprising that would free slaves, and in so doing would leave slave masters, their wives, and even their children slaughtered. All in the name of liberation. And it did. There was a lot of bloodshed across the state of Virginia, until Turner finally got caught and hanged.
Again, slaveholders got scared. Tightened the yoke.
Garrison counteracted the intensity of the slave masters with an intensity of his own. He wrote a book that refuted colonizationists and gave birth to a new group called the American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS), a group of abolitionists. At the annual meeting of the AASS in May 1835, members decided to rely on the new technology of mass printing and an efficient postal service to overwhelm the nation with twenty to fifty thousand pamphlets a week. Garrison began flooding the market with new and improved abolitionist information. Social media before social media. And slaveholders had no clue what was coming: a million antislavery pamphlets distributed by the end of the year.
WITH SO MUCH ANTISLAVERY INFO FLOATING AROUND, people—mainly White politicians and scholars—who were proslavery turned up the fear and hate, therefore turning up their ridiculous racist ideas. There were people still preaching that slavery was good, that it was the will of God. That equality between the races was impossible because the species were different. Yep, still stuck on the polygenesis theory, but this time it was backed by "science." There was a scientist, Samuel Morton, the father of American anthropology, who was measuring the skulls of humans (gross) and determined that White people had bigger skulls and therefore greater intellectual capacity, which, by the way, was how I combated being told all my life that I have a big head. Yeah, because I got a big brain. I never knew I was a scientist!
I also didn't know I was… insane. I'm not. But if I were alive and free back then, there's a good chance I would've been labeled as such. The US Census report of 1840 said that free Blacks were insane and enslaved Blacks were sane, and that biracial people had shorter life spans than Whites. Of course this wasn't true. They were cooking the books.
And, speaking of books, in Samuel Morton's Crania Aegyptiaca, he also introduced the narrative that historically there was a "White" Egypt that had Black slaves. Who knew? (The answer is no one. Not even Egyptians.) The propaganda just kept coming. Anything to justify supremacy and slavery. And if bunk literature and false "studies" were the breakbeats of racism—looped samples pulsing on and on—then John C. Calhoun, a senator from South Carolina, was the emcee for slavery—an effective one—there to rock the racist crowd. Calhoun was fighting even for Texas to become a slave state in the 1844 election. He was running for office and angry that congressmen were even debating emancipation. Possibly ending slavery? An outrage! Calhoun eventually pulled out of the race, and it's a good thing he did, because William Lloyd Garrison was about to present a secret weapon to the abolitionist movement.
See, it's one thing to talk around slavery. To talk about how the slaves lived, and what they were thinking, and how good they had it. It's another thing to hear a man who was a slave tell his own story. There was a new "special" Black person on the scene. A new Black exhibit. A new Phillis Wheatley, but this time not in need of a publisher. Garrison would be that.
That man's name was Frederick Douglass.
In June 1845, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave was published. It outlined Douglass's life and gave a firsthand account of the horrors of slavery. It was a hit, and a necessary weapon, to once again fight against the idea that Black people were subpar, and that White people were the benevolent Christians that the likes of Zurara and Cotton Mather worked so hard to portray. It was also meant to gain some kind of White sympathy. But Douglass was a runaway slave with a book about being a runaway slave, which meant he'd basically snitched on himself and needed to run farther away. So, he went to Great Britain and spread his antislavery message there, while in America proslavery politicians—now with Texas as a slave state—pushed for even more expansion, west.
Douglass's narrative wasn't the only one (is there ever only one?) . In fact, the telling of his story sparked the telling of many others, including one about an enslaved woman—The Narrative of Sojourner Truth. Up until this point, women had been left out of the conversation around slavery. As if they weren't slaves. Or, as if they weren't slaveholders. Sojourner Truth was a former slave with the moxie of a woman slaveholder. The kind of woman who would stand up in a room full of White people and declare her humanity. She was bold, and that boldness, along with news about the Fugitive Slave Act, which was snatching free Blacks and sending them to the cotton fields, inspired a White writer to go on to write a book that would be much, much bigger than Truth's or Douglass's.
The book was called Uncle Tom's Cabin.
The author, Harriet Beecher Stowe.
NOTES ON UNCLE TOM'S CABIN:
Tom, a slave, is sold down the river.
He meets a young White girl, Eva.
Eva's father buys Tom.
Tom and Eva become friends, connecting over Christianity.
Eva dies two years later, but not before having a vision of heaven.
After her death, the White people decide to change their racist ways.
Eva's father even promises to free Tom.
Eva's father dies before he frees Tom, and Eva's mother sells Tom to a harsher slave owner.
This slave owner (Simon Legree) hates Tom for not whipping a fellow slave.
Legree tries to break Tom by breaking his faith. But Tom holds tight to Christianity. So, Legree has him killed.
Moral of the story: We all must be slaves… to God. And since docile Black people made the best slaves (to man), they made the best Christians. And since domineering Whites made the worst slaves, they made the worst Christians. So, slavery, though a brutal attack on Black humanity, was really just proof that White people were bad believers in Jesus.
I know. But, hey, it didn't have to make too much sense. Despite critiques by intellectual giants like William Lloyd Garrison, who pointed out in the Liberator the religious bigotry in the book and Stowe's endorsement of colonization, and by Frederick Douglass—from an assimilationist angle—who followed up by assuring Whites that the Black man, unlike the Native, loves civilization and therefore would never go back to Africa (as if Africa were uncivilized), Uncle Tom's Cabin exploded and became the biggest book of its time. Harriet Beecher Stowe became the J. K. Rowling of slave books. And even though Black men hated the novel because they were depicted as weak, Stowe's story was drawing more northerners to the abolitionist movement than the writings and speeches of Garrison and Douglass did in the 1850s. And that was no small feat. Garrison had used the Liberator as a consistent antiracist sounding board, and Douglass had boldly argued against polygenesis and proved there was no White Egypt, making him the world's most famous Black male abolitionist and assimilationist. But women were in support of Stowe. They were ready to fight for their rights and set the nation on fire.
Stowe was their gasoline.
And her novel was a time bomb that ticked and ticked and, after exploding, set the stage for a new political force, especially when it came to the conversation around slavery: Abraham Lincoln.
Complicated Abe
WHEN WE THINK OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN, WE THINK Honest Abe, black suit, white shirt, top hat, beard. The Great Emancipator (hmmm), one of the best, or at least most, -known and -loved presidents in America's history.
That's what we're taught.
But Lincoln wasn't that simple. As I mentioned at the start of this journey, life rarely fits neatly into a box. People are complicated and selfish and contradictory. I mean, if there's anything we've learned from Thomas Jefferson, it's that you can be antislavery and not antiracist. You cannot see Black people as people but know that mistreating and enslaving them are bad for business. Bad for your brand. Bad for your opportunity. That's more in line of who Lincoln was.
Gasp. I know. This would mean we'd have to, perhaps, rethink the whole "Honest Abe" thing.
It wasn't that great a nickname anyway.
He wasn't even that great a politician, at first. Before he ever won, he lost. Got spanked in a Senate race in 1858 by a man named Stephen Douglas. Douglas was proslavery. Lincoln was fighting on behalf of the abolitionist movement—because you can't win if you don't have an opposing view to debate—and the Free Soilers, the people who believed slavery should not
continue to extend west. The two men debated, and Douglas, slick tongued and sharp suited, wiped the racist floor with Lincoln and won the election.
But it wasn't a loss in vain. Though Lincoln was defeated, there was an obvious change in opinion in the country. A shift. Lincoln shifted with the shift and started to preach that slavery needed to end—but not because of the human horror. Because if labor was free, what exactly were poor White people expected to do to make money? If you weren't one of the wealthy White people who owned slaves, slavery didn't necessarily work in your favor. Lincoln was speaking out of… three sides of his mouth.
On one hand, he wanted slavery gone. Black people liked that. On another hand, he didn't think Black people should necessarily have equal rights. Racists loved that. And then, on a third hand (a foot, maybe?), he argued that the end of slavery would bolster the poor White economy, which poor White people loved. Lincoln had created an airtight case where no one could trust him (Garrison definitely didn't), but everyone kinda… wanted to. And when Lincoln lost, he'd still made a splash as his party, the Republican Party, won many of the House seats in the states that were antislavery. So much so, that Garrison, though critical of Lincoln, kept his critiques to himself because he saw a future where maybe—maybe—antislavery politicians could take over.
But it was politics as usual for Lincoln. Because he'd taken an antislavery approach against Stephen Douglas, the Republicans were labeled "Black Republicans," which was the worst thing to be called, obviously. There were still racists in the North. Still racists everywhere. And why would racists want to vote for the party "in support" of Black people? So, Lincoln changed his tune. Or maybe he just sang the whole song while running for president.
Lincoln was against Black voting.
Lincoln was against racial equality.
Lincoln and the party pledged not to challenge southern slavery.
And Lincoln won.
But with the sixteenth president of the United States in place, untrusting slaveholders broke into panic. Panic that the economic institution that kept them living like kings would be in jeopardy. Panic that they wouldn't be able to stop slave revolts and would be overthrown (Haiti! Haiti!) . So, they did what most people, well… most bullies do when they've been bested on the playground. They—the South—took their ball and left.
The secession, which just means to withdraw from being a member of, not to be confused with succession, meaning a line of people sharing a role one after the other (like a succession of slave owners), not to be confused with success, which means to win (because that didn't happen), started with South Carolina. They left the Union. Which means they were starting their own territory, where they could make up their own rules and live their lives as racist as they wanted. Shortly thereafter, the rest of the South joined in on the disjoining. This was a big deal, because to lose an entire region meant the other states lost that region's resources. All that land. Those crops. Those people. That wealth. But it happened, and the split-offs called themselves the Confederacy. They voted in their own president, Jefferson Davis, who had declared that Black people should never and would never be equal to Whites. There were now two governments, like rival gangs. And what have gangs always done when one gang feels their turf is being threatened?
Welcome to the Civil War.
The biggest change agent in the war was that slaves wanted to fight against their slave owners, and therefore join Northern soldiers in battle. They wanted the chance to fight against the thing that had been beating them, raping them, killing them. So, the first chance they got, they ran. They ran, ran, ran by the droves. They ran north to cross into the Union and join the
Union army.
Anything for freedom.
And then got sent back.
Anything for slavery.
Union soldiers were enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act, which mandated that all runaways be returned to their owners. This was the summer of 1861. But by the summer of 1862, the slave act had been repealed and a bill passed that declared all Confederate-owned Africans who escaped to Union lines or who resided in territories occupied by the Union to be "forever free of their servitude." And it was this bill that would morph into an even bolder bill by Lincoln just five days later. "All persons held as slaves within any state [under rebel control] shall then,
thenceforward, and forever, be free."
Just like that.
Lincoln was labeled the Great Emancipator, but really, Black people were emancipating themselves. By the end of 1863, four hundred thousand Black people had escaped their plantations and found Union lines. Meaning four hundred thousand Black people found freedom.
Or at least the potential for it. Because let's not pretend that life in the North, life across Union lines, was immediately sweet. It wasn't some bastion of peace and acceptance. The Union believed most of the same hype about Black people as the Confederacy. The only difference was they'd pushed past owning them a little sooner. But their feelings toward Black people—that they were lazy and savage and blah, blah, blah—were the same. On top of that, there were many Black people who feared that freedom would be nothing without land. What good was it to be free if they had nowhere to go and no way to build a life for themselves? And what about voting? These were a couple of the questions at hand, a few of the issues Lincoln was trying to work through. What he was comfortable with, however, was the way Black people praised him. They'd run up to him in the street, drop to their knees, and kiss his hands. And when the Civil War finally ended in April 1865, on the eleventh day of that same month, Lincoln delivered his plans for reconstruction. And in that plan, he said what no president had ever said before him—that Blacks (the intelligent ones) should have the right to vote.
No wonder three days later he was shot in the back of the head.
Garrison's Last Stand
AS QUICKLY AS THINGS ARE DONE, THEY ARE ALSO UNDONE.
Three weeks after Lincoln's death, William Lloyd Garrison, who had been steady on his antiracist journey—producing antiracist literature in the Liberator, including his critiques of Lincoln's racist political ploys, and his work for the American Anti-Slavery Society—called it quits. He announced his retirement. He believed that because emancipation was imminent, his job as an abolitionist was done. But his team, his followers, refused to stop their work, and instead shifted their focus to Black voting. A focus that leaned toward immediate equality. And while Garrison was trying to bow out gracefully, Lincoln's successor was forcefully breaking in. And breaking down what had been, for Black people, a breakthrough.
His name was Andrew Johnson, and he basically reversed a lot of Lincoln's promises, allowing Confederate states to bar Blacks from voting, and making sure their emancipation was upheld only if Black people didn't break laws. Black codes—social codes used to stop Black people from living freely—were created. They would quickly evolve into Jim Crow laws, which were laws that legalized racial segregation. No need for the loopholes anymore. All this was under President Johnson's watch. He emboldened the Ku Klux Klan, allowing them to wreck Black lives with no consequence and enshrine those racist codes and laws. Turned out, freedom in America was like quicksand. It looked solid until a Black person tried to stand on it. Then
it became clear that it was a sinkhole.
Antiracists were fighting against all these things. Some people, like Pennsylvania congressman Thaddeus Stevens, even fought for the redistribution of land to award former slaves forty acres to work for themselves. But the arguments against this plan were relentless and racist, presented in this strange way that makes the freed Black person seem stupid. How will they know how to care for the land if it's just given to them? Um… really?
And guess who was quiet? William Lloyd Garrison. Having suffered two bad falls in 1866 that physically sidelined him, he chose not to engage in the political struggle against racial discrimination. But he still looked on, watching the racist roadblocks being erected at every turn, and the political and physical violence working to break the bones of Black liberation. Yes, Garrison still looked on, his ideas about gradual equality still evolving. After all, it had been his genius, whether he knew it or not, that had transformed abolitionism from a messy political stance (like Jefferson's) to a simple moral stance: Slavery was evil, and those racists justifying or ignoring slavery were evil, and it was the moral duty of the United States to eliminate the evil of slavery.
Andrew Johnson was one of the evil. He did everything he could to keep Black people as "free" slaves. In response, Black people had to fight to build their own institutions. Their own spaces to thrive, like colleges, or as they're now called, Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). From there came the Black (male) politician. And eventually, on February 3, 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment was made official. The amendment made it so that no one could be prohibited from voting due to "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." But the thing about this amendment (as well as the Thirteenth and Fourteenth) was that there were loopholes. Racist loopholes. Potholes. See, the amendment doesn't state that Black politicians would be protected. Or that the voting requirements would be equal.
Even so, racists didn't want the amendment to be pushed through because they saw giving the right to vote to all Black people as the establishment of some kind of Black supremacy. Really, it was just Black equality. Black opportunity. Black people from Boston to Richmond to Vicksburg, Mississippi, planned grand celebrations after the ratification. For their keynote speaker, several communities invited a living legend back to the main stage. William Lloyd Garrison.
The Fifteenth Amendment was a big deal. But here's the thing about big deals. If people aren't careful, they can be tricked into believing a big deal is a done deal. Like there's no more fight left. No reason to keep pushing. That freedom is an actual destination. And that's how Garrison and the American Anti-Slavery Society felt. Like their jobs were done. They disbanded in 1870. Everyone let their guard down, and the racists were right there with right hooks and uppercuts to the face of freedom.
Bring on the White terrorism.
Bring on more propaganda about brute and savage Blacks.
Bring on Black people doing their best to fight back.
BLACK EMPOWERMENT.
Bring on women fighting back.
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT.
Bring on political pacifiers.
Bring on more talks about colonization, this time to the Dominican Republic.
Bring on domestic migration. To Kansas. Freedom from a second slavery. It was this, Black people moving to safer pastures like Kansas, that William Lloyd Garrison supported at the end of his life. With Black people eager to leave the South, eager to give themselves a chance at safety, Kansas seemed to make more sense than the ever-present conversation of colonization to Africa. Or even the North. Or the far West. Northern allies worked tirelessly to raise money for southern Black people who wanted to flee Mississippi or Louisiana. Garrison, now seventy-four, his abolitionist heart still pumping, exhausted himself gathering resources for hundreds of Black people on the move toward Kansas.
It was the best he could do.
He'd wanted immediate emancipation. He now even wanted immediate equality. Neither of those things happened during the Reconstruction after the Civil War. And neither of them would in his lifetime.
DMU Timestamp: July 23, 2020 19:52
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cristin t
(Mar 08 2021 10:30AM) : He was mad tall.
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Alden S
(Nov 09 2022 5:38PM) : true
Ashton D
(Nov 07 2022 5:49PM) : from the description given it sounds like he's the stereotypical all american boy, the man who embodies the pride and passion of his forefathers, as these are the values we take so high into consideration
(Mar 08 2021 10:33AM) : He sound like a great wonderful guy.i love to be his friend.
amyrical t
(Nov 14 2022 5:47PM) : wow
Sky D
(Nov 07 2022 5:52PM) : He did what he thought was right and i respect that
Vera J
(Nov 30 2022 5:57PM) : He was always open to learning anything new no matter what happens and if he fails he just gets back up again and tries again. I respect that he kept trying and trying and never gave up til he finally got it right.
Ellie N
(Nov 08 2022 5:55PM) : Might we be finally looking at some sort of hope for abolishing slavery?
Kaneesha W
(Nov 14 2022 6:13PM) : they didnt see this same double death they saw it as a sign of doing old things
(Nov 08 2022 5:58PM) : Old people are dead? Let's continue their extremely "equality" focused legacies! Such a brilliant idea! It's not like things change with time!
(Nov 14 2022 6:16PM) : Trying to get slaves free to go back to africa
(Nov 08 2022 5:51PM) : Well,I guess America didn't stop trying to send African-Americans back to where they came from.
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(Nov 07 2022 6:01PM) : garrisons beliefs about gradual equality is highly racist and rooted in beliefs even more racist, that those who arent you are too scary, or impatient, or incompetent to get to be on the same level as you whenever, to be given what you have, sure maybe more
garrisons beliefs about gradual equality is highly racist and rooted in beliefs even more racist, that those who arent you are too scary, or impatient, or incompetent to get to be on the same level as you whenever, to be given what you have, sure maybe "eventually" but we all know that wont truly ever come to pass in a reasonable way, or in a way that respects the true freedom of all
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Malina M
(Nov 07 2022 6:03PM) : being free physically is ok but not socially.
(Nov 07 2022 6:16PM) : ok so what im getting at is abolish slavery but still treat black people like trash. more
do you see the problem? Garrison is saying that black people shouldn't be slaves anymore but should be treated like slaves until whenever Garrison thinks black people should be treated equally,that is bad, like really bad (i don't think i needed to say that) so Garrison, you got credit for wanting to abolish slavery but immediately lost that credit when you said that black people shouldn't be treated equally for the time being.
(Mar 08 2021 10:39AM) : Opinion more
So the he trying to say that black people were the problem and without white people they will be nothing at all and he doesn't agreed with them.
Emberly O
(Nov 15 2022 5:59PM) : A question,what is that suppose to mean? more
What does "tightened the yoke" mean, does it include the slaves and what they have to do?
Nah I don't think it was from scientist that doesn't make sense to me at all they just saying that cause they hate on black people.
(Nov 30 2022 6:06PM) : How is slavery a will of god if god is good, and god is suppose to help people?
(Nov 09 2022 5:56PM) : even if black people were a different species how would that make it impossible for equality?
(Nov 30 2022 6:10PM) : The whites lived longer because they would kill the enslaved people or they would work too hard so how are they dying before the whites?
(Mar 08 2021 10:48AM) : Summary more
Pretty sure they were thinking why we are treated like this or what wrong with being dark.
(Nov 09 2022 6:04PM) : didn't bend to his owners will and was killed for keeping his faith
I think God doesn't like when a other human treat a other human like crap because of the different skin tone and i guess it show them they are bad believer in anything the bible say.
Yah-Kwil-Ah T
(Nov 14 2022 5:48PM) : Most people think of Lincoln the same.
Bee C
(Nov 15 2022 5:46PM) : "honest"
(Nov 14 2022 5:48PM) : Abraham wasn't a great man
(Nov 15 2022 5:44PM) : This is definitely a good point about people. Nobody is perfect and innocent, no matter what anyone says.
(Nov 14 2022 5:49PM) : knowing what he was doing was wrong but still did it
Jasmyn N
(Nov 14 2022 5:55PM) : you cant think enslaved people are bad for business.
(Nov 15 2022 5:47PM) : It makes sense that someone who is pro-slavery is more likely to have been voted in
(Nov 15 2022 5:48PM) : Speaking out against something that is wrong is a great way to start the conversation
(Nov 14 2022 5:51PM) : he excuses the slaughter of millions not as that but as we cannot have free labor because then no one be making money
(Nov 15 2022 5:53PM) : Economics played into the political aspect of freeing slaves
(Nov 16 2022 5:41PM) : a very interesting figure of speech to represent the triality of man brought about by the many hands of cards lincoln was dealing, the multiple sides of the metaphorical tetrahedron of the political problem
(Nov 14 2022 5:52PM) : Even though he thought slavery was wrong black people were still not considered as equal to whites.
(Nov 15 2022 6:16PM) : Why would you say that if you want slavery gone? more
If he wanted slavery gone why would he think black people shouldn't have equal rights?
(Nov 15 2022 5:51PM) : Appealing to both sides of people
(Nov 15 2022 6:14PM) : Terrible tactic, but it's effective.
(Nov 14 2022 5:52PM) : kept quite because lincoln couldve been on his side
Acazia T
(Nov 15 2022 6:13PM) : LINCOLN??? more
Not such a good guy everyone thought he was
(Nov 15 2022 5:58PM) : Which the racists loved obviously
Lincoln treated his slave way different than other people.
Tierra T
(Nov 14 2022 5:54PM) : Lincoln was defeated and was no longer able to have to slave business.
(Nov 15 2022 6:15PM) : Reference to the Haitian revolution, which was the largest-scale slave revolt at the time.
(Nov 16 2022 5:38PM) : very interesting that the halfhearted interest of abraham lincoln in the freedom of those enslaved would lead to the civil war.
(Nov 15 2022 6:03PM) : like the confederate flag?
(Nov 15 2022 6:04PM) : were so willing to continue fighting for freedom they would rather die in battle
(Nov 15 2022 6:14PM) : So Lincoln seemed to have had a change of heart here. I wish it could've happened instead of him being cruel at first but no he decided to change right before he was gonna get himself assassinated a few days later.
(Nov 14 2022 6:08PM) : held people as slaves
(Nov 14 2022 5:53PM) : His mentality was to take black people and enslave them, although he knew he couldnt because it was "bad for business". He simply just doesn't like them but he knows he can't enslave them.
Yes it was good to free them and for them they don't care if they have nowhere to go i am pretty sure they will build a life for themselves they aren't dumb people they got brains as well.
(Mar 11 2021 10:57AM) : Opinions more
its really mess up to say that Lincoln wanted equally and they didn't have to kill him for that geez why people these days can't be nice and see everyone has the same.
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(Mar 11 2021 11:10AM) : well, the man who shot him did NOT want equality. period.
(Nov 15 2022 6:12PM) : It's stupid that the person who shot Lincoln didn't want equality smh. Lincoln was trying to change for the better. I think. If he wasn't then he deserved that chance to prove he could've changed.
(Nov 15 2022 6:07PM) : John Wilkes Booth
What i wants to say about women empowerment is should begin at the family level. Whether it is your wife or Invest in small businesses owned by women.
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(Mar 08 2021 10:43AM) : Summary [Edited] more
I will say he idea that racism is largely" over or dying out over time.People of color are obsessed with race.Alleging discrimination is itself racist and divisive.Claiming discrimination is "playing the race card," opportunistic, hypocritical demagoguery.Civil rights are a crutch for those who lack merit or drive. If we can address class inequality, racial inequity will take care of itself.Racism will always be with us, so it's a waste of time to talk about it.
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Section 33 of the Companion Animals Act 1998 contains the definition of 'dangerous dog' and is extracted below.
It is important to be aware that a 'dangerous dog' is not necessarily a dog that is dangerous.
It is a dog that has, without provocation, attacked, killed, repeatedly threatened to attack, displayed unreasonable aggression or even repeatedly chased a person or animal; other than vermin.
It even includes any dog kept for hunting – regardless of whether or not that dog is aggressive!
The definition is extremely broad and it can be difficult to show that your dog is not 'dangerous'; especially if you were not present during the incident when your dog was alleged to have displayed such behaviour.
Sydney Criminal Lawyers® is Australia's most experienced and successful firm in dealing with dangerous dog matters.
If you have received a 'Notice of Intention to Declare Dog Dangerous', we can write a 'letter of objection' to Council on your behalf requesting that they refrain from declaring your dog dangerous provided that you enter 'written undertakings'; which are promises to act in a certain way eg always have your dog leashed when in public, undertake a course of behavioural training etc.
If you receive a 'Dangerous Dog Declaration', we can appeal that declaration to the Local Court and seek to negotiate 'control orders' in its place; which are orders similar to 'undertakings' but are endorsed by the court.
We believe that 'dangerous dog declarations' are inhumane, particularly the requirement that your dog must always remain in an approved enclosure unless he opr she is muzzled. What type of life is that for your dog?
We also believe that the penalties for failing to comply with dangerous dog obligations are too harsh.
If a dangerous dog 'attacks' (including 'rushing at' a person or animal), it will be seized and likely destroyed and the owner will be subjected to a life-long ban on owning any other dog and even the possibility of a prison sentence.
Persuade the Local Court to revoke the declaration and impose 'Control Orders' instead if necessary.
For expert advice and outstanding representation from Australia's leading dangerous dog lawyers, call Sydney Criminal Lawyers® today on (02) 9261 8881.
(d) is kept or used for the purposes of hunting.
(2) A dog is not, for the purposes of subsection (1) (d), to be regarded as being kept or used for the purposes of hunting if it is used only to locate, flush, point or retrieve birds or vermin. "Vermin" for the purposes of this subsection includes small pest animals only (such as rodents).
If a hunting dog is declared to be a dangerous dog, the declaration does not necessarily mean that the dog cannot be used for the purposes of lawful hunting–see section 51 (3).
Watch our video on What is a Dangerous Dog?


text:
The Your Dog Blog
Three Legged Rescue Dog Changes Life Of Ex Army Amputee
Three-legged rescue dog changes life of ex-Army amputee
45dc4497-664f-4f1e-8737-589f523c53fc
Joanne Bednall tells the heart-warming story of how a three-legged rescue dog from Turkey, and a UK-based ex-Army amputee were brought together.
Image: Ruth Downing.
Ask 44-year-old John Hopkinson to describe the difference Popsey, the Pointer, has made to his life since she arrived in Britain from Turkey earlier this year, and his answer is simple: "Popsey has picked me up from nothing. Before, it felt like I was in a lift on the ground floor, not feeling great, then she got in with me, and now I'm in the penthouse."
John, who served in the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment as a physical training instructor for 18 years, and lives in Portsmouth, Hampshire, didn't grow up with dogs, nor did he ever expect to get one.
But a chance encounter with two breed rescue volunteers at a routine hospital appointment late last summer changed all that.
After leaving the Army five years ago to become a personal trainer, John started working as a labourer to supplement his income.
Three days into his new job, he sustained horrendous injuries when a metal fi re escape he was descending gave way and he fell four storeys.
"My right toe touched my knee and my leg was a real mess," explained John, who spent four days in the Queen Alexandra Hospital in Portsmouth, while surgeons tried to rebuild his leg by replacing bone with metal, screws, and pins. Following six months in a cast, John's leg still hadn't repaired and he was in agony.
"The doctors had warned me that amputation would be the worst-case scenario," recalled John. "I was in horrendous pain, could only move my foot a centimetre up and down, and had no quality of life."
So in 2016, John opted to have his damaged right leg amputated, and says that he's not had much to smile about since. That is, until he bumped into Liz Gee and Carol Goodliffe, volunteers for the Pointer Rescue Service, while waiting to see his surgeon at Salisbury District Hospital last August Bank Holiday.
"We got talking and Liz and Carol started telling me about a rescue dog, who'd also had a leg amputated, and was looking for a home," continued John. "I knew I wanted Popsey there and then — it didn't matter what breed she was, I just wanted someone to kiss and cuddle, and I knew I could help a three-legged dog."
John listened as the pair explained that the pure-bred Pointer had been starved and abused in Turkey and left with horrific injuries, including a partially missing and rotten front foot. In 2016 — the same year that John lost his leg — Popsey had been found by local animal rescue worker Angela Ronchetti, who rushed the six-year-old emaciated stray to the vet's, where she underwent emergency surgery to have her left foreleg amputated. Angela then took Popsey to Kas Animal Shelter, the rescue where she worked, to recuperate, and in the hope she would find her forever home. But the three-legged dog attracted no interest for two-and-a-half years, until a final appeal on Facebook was answered by Turkey-based animal-lover Dot Roberts, who placed Popsey with foster carer Paula Stone, and appealed to the Pointer Rescue Service for help.
That same day, quite by chance, Stafford-based Liz had suffered an injury to her back while visiting other volunteers in Hampshire, and had been wheeled into Salisbury District Hospital by Carol, who lives in Dorset.
It was there that they got chatting to John and felt he could offer Popsey the perfect home. Liz set up a gofundme page, and shared their plea for funds on Facebook, with the aim of raising around £1,000 to cover the costs of bringing Popsey to the UK. To their amazement, nearly £2,000 was collected —"enough to provide Popsey and John with everything they needed from poo bags to a dog bed," said Carol, who's secretary of the Pointer Rescue Service.
A SLEEPLESS NIGHT
Once all the necessary documentation was complete, Popsey finally arrived in the UK in January, and spent three weeks acclimatising with Carol and her three dogs. For John, waiting five months for Popsey to arrive was "torture".
"I couldn't wait to meet her and didn't sleep the night before she was due to arrive," he said. "But I was also worried — I'd never had a dog before and I kept ringing to ask questions like whether it was OK to feed her smoked haddock.
"When I first saw Popsey, there was a slight tear in my eye. Now, wherever I go, she follows me. She is cool, beautiful, lovely, and attentive. I feel so glad and honoured to have this three-legged dog in my life!"
John explained that Popsey had "kicked me up the backside", as he had been feeling very low and was finding life difficult.
"She has brought me so much fulfilment and motivation," continued John, who was thrilled to visit Crufts with Popsey in March to help promote the Pointer Rescue Service.
"If it wasn't for her, I would be sitting here, getting drunk constantly, and feeling sorry for myself. She's my beautiful princess; a real diamond."
Carol and Liz agree that Popsey and John seem to have been made for each other.
"Their story has touched a lot of hearts," added Carol, who admitted it was moving when John and Popsey met for the first time.
"He was in tears and she cuddled him immediately. We're so happy for both of them and will always be here to offer John support and advice.
"Popsey has given him a purpose in life and keeps him on an even keel when he's feeling depressed. He now has something to get out of bed for in the morning. I don't think he could have mentally got through the recent lockdown without her.
"The pair are almost telepathic — while Pointers can seem brainless sometimes, they are highly intelligent."
However, there is a final, sad twist to John's story. Just a month after Popsey arrived, he slipped on some oil on the road, falling onto a kerb, and his prosthetic seared through the flesh and bone of his healthy leg. Now John is waiting to have his left leg amputated too.
"We will care for Popsey while John undergoes his surgery and rehabilitation," added Carol. "Salisbury District Hospital has a therapy dog programme, so we will bring her down to visit him and arrange for a local dog walker to exercise Popsey once he's home. Fate definitely played its hand the day we met John."
To find out more about the work of the Pointer Rescue Service, visit www.englishpointerrescue.co.uk or check out its Facebook page, The Pointer Rescue Service.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


At KUCERA, our Notary Niels Wildberger and his highly qualified team can assist you with all your notarisation needs. Niels and his team are able to provide you with the entire range of notary services. We offer you a practical and pragmatic approach to contract drafting in the area of real estate as well as commercial and corporate law. We also have an established practice with many years of experience in inheritance law, family law as well as in matters of enduring powers of attorney and living wills.
Our clients include private, commercial and institutional investors from Germany and abroad. We work for residential building societies, developers, project developers, public institutions, banks and insurance companies.
Our notary office handles transactions for properties located throughout Germany. We cooperate with all land registries and have access to the electronic land registers in all federal states.
As independent holders of a public office, notaries are responsible for notarising legal transactions and performing duties in the field of non-contentious administration of justice. A notary's job consists primarily in ascertaining the intent of the persons involved in the notarisation transaction and setting out such intent in clear words so that the parties' declarations of intent are documented in an unambiguous manner and with legal certainty. However, we especially also see ourselves as competent service providers focused primarily on proactively taking account of economic criteria for solving problems.


Never let it be said that PR people are either lacking in a sense of humour, or that they are out of touch with the latest online and social media trends.
In defence of this position I present to you exhibit A: a YouTube video entitled "Stuff PR People Say" which is fashioned in the manner of one of the latest YouTube sensation (Stuff) Girls Say which has had millions of views in recent weeks.
I would love to know the 5 most often overheard expressions in your office. Be sure to drop me a line and share.
Recently I wrote to you all about the highlights of 2011, and certainly at the top of that list was the extraordinary 48 hours I spent inside the media bubble that surrounds Hollywood A-lister, George Clooney.
These exeriences are now the subject of front page news, as Publicity Queen this month is featured in glorious colour (red, of course!) on page one of January's PR Report.
In the article, you can read all about exactly what it was like to get up close and personal with Mr Clooney (an experience I highly recommend) and also the curious experience of being at the centre of a media maelstrom, the proportions of which I have never previously encountered. Big thanks to Glen Frost of Frocomm for the shout out – love your work!
You can also read all about it in full at the news article on Publicity Queen's website, so feel free to click here to read more.
It is an interesting conundrum that as we live in an increasingly digitised age, that what people crave, and what they respond best to, is personalisation. We saw this approach used recently, and to remarkably good effect, in an advertising/social media campaign by Coca Cola.
Their recent 'Share a Coke' campaign encouraged consumers to write in and submit names of people with whom they would like to share a Coke. Just as a casual observer, I have watched people as they waited in line at the supermarket, turning around the labels on many bottles of Coke in the hope that their own name, or that of their partner or child or friend, or even themselves, would appear – it would be a difficult proposition to turn down a drink that quite literally had your name on it.
I also saw many friends uploading to Facebook photos they had taken of bottles of Coke with their names on or of friends and family, and all of this activity does much to reinforce the power of the brand, by personalising it. The campaign has been a runaway success – according to Trefis.com, there was a 92% increase in the number of posts on the company's Facebook page with 29,000 posts about the campaign itself.
This approach makes good sense – the more disconnected we are, by geography, by shortness of time – the more we seek out connectedness and the personal touch.
One can also apply this personalisation strategy to social media, and in particular, to the use of Twitter and LinkedIn.
If you are using Twitter (as I do) to make connections with people, in order to generate more followers, it pays to invest the time and to get to know the people you wish to connect with, and to tweet about the topics they are interested in. And it throws up another challenge too, in that I have my doubts that this strategy could be used on behalf of a corporate twitter account per se, but is highly effective when conducted by an individual, on behalf of a company. Which makes the case, that I have long believed, in maintaining a dual-track system for Twitter – save your corporate account for disseminating media releases and blog entries, and making corporate connections; while also tweeting on a personal level for sharing personal insights and making personal linkages.
The same goes for LinkedIn. When you identify crucial people that you wish to connect with, don't just click 'connect' and expect people to add you to their list of contacts. When you write to them, personalise your message, and explain how it is you heard of them, or share an insight that you know may be of interest. This small investment you make will pay big dividends, and has enabled me to make connections with critically important people whom otherwise would have remained out of my league.
So, in essence, learn from our friends at Coca Cola, and get personal in your social media outreach, and you too will reap the benefits.
What Are The Big New Media Trends for 2012?
For most Australians today is their first day back at work after the Christmas break, and it is opportune to ponder just what 2012 holds in store for us folk working in the dynamic and ever-changing world of media and PR.
One man who well and truly is FOP (finger-on-pulse) on the local media scene, with an enviable black book of contacts, and who last year predicted with remarkable accuracy major changes in the radio industry is Brett Debritz.
He wrote recently about his predictions for what will be ahead for the media industry this year, and I have extracted some interesting highlights for you.
* Continued drift away from old media will continue, with tradional radio audiences exploring online alternatives.
* Increased pressure on advertising expenditure with greater results-based evidence on media outlets to provide quality research on exactly who is tuning in, and how to reach them, again with pressure moving from traditional channels to online outlets.
* Ongoing volatility for on-air talent as viewers have both little patience for both hosts and programmes that don't 'fire' straight away.
* Further consolidation of managerial power in media companies.
* Increased pressure on the Fairfax Radio group, underlined by the need to make inroads in the Sydney market.
* Questions lingering over the long-term viability of digital radio with issues persisting over lack of access for regional and remote areas and the need to breakdown the dominance of analogue radio reception in motor cars, which is where most people tune in.
* Increased commercial pressure upon the ABC.
* Enhanced market position for community radio offerings.
* The power of radio stars waning (the Kyle Sandilands saga has surely assisted this trend) with increased need for traditional media to engage their audiences through interactive and social media to lock in the loyalty of the listening community.
To read Brett's insightful comments in full, click here If you have your own predictions about what this year has in store for us, write and let me know!


Important: Snug Fit! Please use the size chart below when selecting your size.
This cycling underwear has a snug fit. Stella Tree recommends one size up your normal size.
Absolutely love it. Excellent service, quality garment, true to sizing. Highly recommended site.
Bought these to wear under normal shorts for short rides. Less washing and less wear and tear on my better quality niks. Works well.
You don't know you have them on when wearing them. Came well packaged and received within a few days of ordering.
Your communication is great. I should have gone even larger. Even though I roughly checked your measurements the elastic and style is very firm. I have altered them and they are serving their purpose well. Thanks.
I measured and ordered based on size guide, and the XL was perfect. First ride in them was about 55km on a rented hybrid bike in the Loire Valley and they were perfect!! Thanks for a great product!


In a new series of illustrations, Matt Pascoe, draws the four legendary characters from the legendary Class of 92 team – Giggs, Beckham, Scholes and Gary Neville. These four embody a lot of what made a generation fall in love with football – the hairstyles, the kits and in particular putting Alan Hansen in his place.
Seen here as fresh-faced lads who graduated to the early '90s United side and would go on to dominate the first decade of the Premier League era, of course donning the incredible blue and white Adidas kit, which in itself is a reason to be thankful for '90s football.
Ryan Giggs: The first member of the Class of 92 to break into the Manchester United first team and cement his place in the history books.
David Beckham: Possibly the game's biggest ever global icon, a fresh-faced lad who surely had no idea what lay ahead.
Paul Scholes: A player with as much talent as modesty. But if Zidane says he's the toughest opponent he's ever faced, you know he must be pretty good.
Gary Neville: A player who sums up exactly what it is to be loyal to a cause and throw his all at every game no questions asked.
For more of Matt's illustrations and/or to buy some of these prints visit his website here.


A new video making the social media rounds yesterday features a bizarre montage of Czech landmarks and pop cultural icons inserted into an episode of the 80s television hit Knight Rider where KITT races down the D1 highway.
The video quickly went viral garnering thousands shares from Brno-based creator Michal Orsava's Facebook page as well as racking up loads of views on YouTube.
Orsava collaborated on Knight Rider with production company PIXTREAM; the crew even put together a making-of video for Knight Rider (see below).
Orsava said the aim of the video was "To pull someone from another world into ours. It's funny when Tom Hanks looks at a poster with Hana Zagorová," he said, referring to his last on-line success, | BRNO | – A city full of excitement! which has over 300,000 YouTube views and features Tom Hanks as Robert Langdon exploring the Moravian capital.
In the future, he told the publication, he hopes to continue filming viral videos and with more of a focus on advertising creation.
What's next: Baywatch at Lake Mácha?


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Q: Как организовать ввод данных через консоль в С#? У меня есть переменная int money = 5000; и имеется строка
Console.WriteLine("Введите любое число: ");

Нужно сделать так, чтобы со стороны пользователя была ведена любая цифра, и она отнималась от 5000. Например если введено 250, то вычисляется разность

5000 - 250 = 4750

Заранее спасибо!

A: Собери свой код из Console.ReadLine() и Int32.Parse().

A: static void Main(string[] args)
{
    int money = 5000;
    Console.WriteLine("Введите любое число: ");
    string num = Console.ReadLine();
    int num1 = Convert.ToInt32(num);
    int a = money - num1;
    Console.WriteLine("Искомое число: " + a);
    Console.ReadKey();
}

Из консоли можно считать только Строку. Для того, чтобы выполнить арифметическое действие с переменной, её надо привести к типу int.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
A MILP Optimization Method for Building Seasonal Energy Storage: A Case Study for a Reversible Solid Oxide Cell and Hydrogen Storage System
Oscar Lindholm (Corresponding Author), Robert Weiss, Ala Hasan, Frank Pettersson, Jari Shemeikka
DOES - Design and Operation of Energy Systems
BA4402 Fuel cells and hydrogen
BA4201 Urban energy systems
A new method for the optimization of seasonal energy storage is presented and applied in a case study. The optimization method uses an interval halving approach to solve computationally demanding mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problems with both integer and non-integer operation variables (variables that vary from time step to time step in during energy storage system operation). The seasonal energy storage in the case study uses a reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) to convert electricity generated by solar photovoltaic (PV) panels into hydrogen gas and to convert hydrogen gas back to electricity while also generating some heat. Both the case study results and the optimization method accuracy are examined and discussed in the paper. In the case study, the operation of the RSOC and hydrogen storage system is compared with the operation of a reference system without energy storage. The results of the study show that installing an RSOC and hydrogen storage system could increase the utilization of onsite renewable energy generation significantly. Overall, the optimization method presents a relatively accurate solution to the case study optimization problem and a sensibility analysis shows a clear and logical pattern.
https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings10070123
Published - 9 Jul 2020
A1 Journal article-refereed
reversible solid oxide cell
mixed integer linera programming
10.3390/buildings10070123Licence: CC BY
buildings10070123Final published version, 12 MBLicence: CC BY
Dive into the research topics of 'A MILP Optimization Method for Building Seasonal Energy Storage: A Case Study for a Reversible Solid Oxide Cell and Hydrogen Storage System'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Optimization Method Engineering 66%
Oxide Physics 66%
Energy Storage Physics 66%
Solid State Physics 66%
Cell Material Science 66%
Solid Material Science 66%
Storage System Engineering 50%
Lindholm, O., Weiss, R., Hasan, A., Pettersson, F., & Shemeikka, J. (2020). A MILP Optimization Method for Building Seasonal Energy Storage: A Case Study for a Reversible Solid Oxide Cell and Hydrogen Storage System. Buildings, 10(7), [123]. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings10070123
Lindholm, Oscar ; Weiss, Robert ; Hasan, Ala et al. / A MILP Optimization Method for Building Seasonal Energy Storage: A Case Study for a Reversible Solid Oxide Cell and Hydrogen Storage System. In: Buildings. 2020 ; Vol. 10, No. 7.
@article{23647cd3ccf54069858b4ae654d6914b,
title = "A MILP Optimization Method for Building Seasonal Energy Storage: A Case Study for a Reversible Solid Oxide Cell and Hydrogen Storage System",
abstract = "A new method for the optimization of seasonal energy storage is presented and applied in a case study. The optimization method uses an interval halving approach to solve computationally demanding mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problems with both integer and non-integer operation variables (variables that vary from time step to time step in during energy storage system operation). The seasonal energy storage in the case study uses a reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) to convert electricity generated by solar photovoltaic (PV) panels into hydrogen gas and to convert hydrogen gas back to electricity while also generating some heat. Both the case study results and the optimization method accuracy are examined and discussed in the paper. In the case study, the operation of the RSOC and hydrogen storage system is compared with the operation of a reference system without energy storage. The results of the study show that installing an RSOC and hydrogen storage system could increase the utilization of onsite renewable energy generation significantly. Overall, the optimization method presents a relatively accurate solution to the case study optimization problem and a sensibility analysis shows a clear and logical pattern.",
keywords = "energy storage, hydrogen, power-to-gas, reversible solid oxide cell, optimization, mixed integer linera programming, MILP",
author = "Oscar Lindholm and Robert Weiss and Ala Hasan and Frank Pettersson and Jari Shemeikka",
note = "Funding Information: Funding: The authors would like to thank Business Finland. The work was part of Smart Otaniemi innovation ecosystem (Smart Otaniemi Pilot Phase 2, 8194/31/2018) financed by Business Finland. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
doi = "10.3390/buildings10070123",
journal = "Buildings",
Lindholm, O, Weiss, R, Hasan, A, Pettersson, F & Shemeikka, J 2020, 'A MILP Optimization Method for Building Seasonal Energy Storage: A Case Study for a Reversible Solid Oxide Cell and Hydrogen Storage System', Buildings, vol. 10, no. 7, 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings10070123
A MILP Optimization Method for Building Seasonal Energy Storage: A Case Study for a Reversible Solid Oxide Cell and Hydrogen Storage System. / Lindholm, Oscar (Corresponding Author); Weiss, Robert; Hasan, Ala et al.
In: Buildings, Vol. 10, No. 7, 123, 09.07.2020.
T1 - A MILP Optimization Method for Building Seasonal Energy Storage: A Case Study for a Reversible Solid Oxide Cell and Hydrogen Storage System
AU - Lindholm, Oscar
AU - Weiss, Robert
AU - Hasan, Ala
AU - Pettersson, Frank
AU - Shemeikka, Jari
N1 - Funding Information: Funding: The authors would like to thank Business Finland. The work was part of Smart Otaniemi innovation ecosystem (Smart Otaniemi Pilot Phase 2, 8194/31/2018) financed by Business Finland. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
N2 - A new method for the optimization of seasonal energy storage is presented and applied in a case study. The optimization method uses an interval halving approach to solve computationally demanding mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problems with both integer and non-integer operation variables (variables that vary from time step to time step in during energy storage system operation). The seasonal energy storage in the case study uses a reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) to convert electricity generated by solar photovoltaic (PV) panels into hydrogen gas and to convert hydrogen gas back to electricity while also generating some heat. Both the case study results and the optimization method accuracy are examined and discussed in the paper. In the case study, the operation of the RSOC and hydrogen storage system is compared with the operation of a reference system without energy storage. The results of the study show that installing an RSOC and hydrogen storage system could increase the utilization of onsite renewable energy generation significantly. Overall, the optimization method presents a relatively accurate solution to the case study optimization problem and a sensibility analysis shows a clear and logical pattern.
AB - A new method for the optimization of seasonal energy storage is presented and applied in a case study. The optimization method uses an interval halving approach to solve computationally demanding mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problems with both integer and non-integer operation variables (variables that vary from time step to time step in during energy storage system operation). The seasonal energy storage in the case study uses a reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) to convert electricity generated by solar photovoltaic (PV) panels into hydrogen gas and to convert hydrogen gas back to electricity while also generating some heat. Both the case study results and the optimization method accuracy are examined and discussed in the paper. In the case study, the operation of the RSOC and hydrogen storage system is compared with the operation of a reference system without energy storage. The results of the study show that installing an RSOC and hydrogen storage system could increase the utilization of onsite renewable energy generation significantly. Overall, the optimization method presents a relatively accurate solution to the case study optimization problem and a sensibility analysis shows a clear and logical pattern.
KW - hydrogen
KW - power-to-gas
KW - reversible solid oxide cell
KW - optimization
KW - mixed integer linera programming
KW - MILP
U2 - 10.3390/buildings10070123
DO - 10.3390/buildings10070123
JO - Buildings
JF - Buildings
Lindholm O, Weiss R, Hasan A, Pettersson F, Shemeikka J. A MILP Optimization Method for Building Seasonal Energy Storage: A Case Study for a Reversible Solid Oxide Cell and Hydrogen Storage System. Buildings. 2020 Jul 9;10(7):123. doi: 10.3390/buildings10070123


View basket "Working Week – May 1985 (livelove vol3)" has been added to your basket.
From Bebop to Alula – in 1985 the jazziest of the UK-based Pop/Jazz-acts, Working Week, went on a European tour to promote their most successful album 'Working Nights'. Right after Larry Stabbins (a.k.a. Stonephace) and Simon Booth (a.k.a. Simon Emmerson of Afro Celt cult) formed Weekend they changed their style slightly and brought what comes after Weekend, the Working Week, to life and success. With their stunning live versions of formidable hits like 'Inner City Blues', 'Venceremos', or 'Sweet Nothing' they took Bremen by not-so-quiet storm with their nine-piece big band fronted by charismatic singer Julie(t) Roberts.
When you love Jazz, Latin, Pop and Soul – not just as added flavours, but as equal ingredients – you got it here all in one. Enjoy!


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Zone of the Enders HD Release Date and Screenshots
Anoop Gantayat
Visit anoop's userpage Send anoop a message
Konami announced today a final release date of October 25 for the PS3 and Xbox 360 versions of Zone of the Enders HD Edition. The game's standard version will be priced ¥3,980 at retail and ¥3,480 as a download (the PS3 download version is due on 10/25, but the Xbox Live Arcade is currently date TBA).
The release date announcement was accompanied by an official site which shared long awaited first screenshots, and additional product details.
ZOE HD includes HD remakes of Z.O.E. and its sequel Anubis. The visuals have been updated to 720p HD and bumped from 30 frames per second to 60 frames per second. Visual effects have also been improved, as has the quality of background music and sound effects. Similar to the Metal Gear remakes, Konami has swapped out 2D elements and fonts with new HD assets.
You can see some comparison pics here:
Other new features for the HD remakes include Trophy and Achievement support, and a new opening animation from Sunrise.
Joining the standard edition on October 25, Konami will release a Premium Package and Konami Style Premium Package. Priced ¥8,980, the Premium Package includes a special box, the Zone of the Enders reBOOT Edition remix CD, and two booklets, the Chronicle Book which recreates booklets from the 2001 and 2003 releases, and the ReBOOT Book, which features dialogues between Hideo Kojima and art director Yoji Shinkawa and a look at the remake's development. The Konami Style version, to be sold exclusively at the Konami Style e-Shop, adds additional bonuses which can also be purchased separately. See the ZOE HD product page for additional details.
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Zone of the Enders HD Edition
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Toll Public Interest Fellows Program & Scholarship
The Toll Public Interest Fellows Program is made possible through a generous donation from Bob and Jane Toll. The Fellows Program reinforces Penn Law's commitment to service by increasing substantive programming and financial support for students pursuing public interest careers. The Fellows program has several objectives:
Strengthen the existing public interest community at Penn Law by deepening student, staff, and faculty relationships
Develop students as service-oriented leaders by providing them with challenging new ways to think about and engage with the causes and communities they care about most
Invite students to cultivate the kind of radical self-awareness necessary for truly impactful, empathy-driven advocacy, activism, and service
Ease the financial burden of law school by providing partial tuition scholarships and funded public interest summer employment
Fellow Responsibilities
Be an active member of a community dedicated to the personal and professional growth and support of public interest-minded students
Participate in all Toll Fellow activities, including monthly meetings, learning modules, retreats, service days, and Service Corps gatherings
Successfully complete the course Power, Injustice, and Social Change in America in the fall of 2L and the Service Corps capstone course in the spring of 3L
Desire to increase self-awareness and receive feedback from peers, staff, and faculty
Act as an ambassador of the Fellows Program, the Service Corps, TPIC, and Penn Law
Obtain and maintain eligible public interest summer employment during law school
Obtain and maintain eligible public interest employment for a minimum of two years immediately following law school or a clerkship
Toll Fellows receive a tuition scholarship of $20,000 per year for their second and third years of law school or, depending on other funding received, up to the cost of tuition and fees, as well as a generous stipend to fund unpaid public-sector internships for the summer bridging 2L and 3L. The estimated financial value of the Toll Public Interest Fellows Program is $48,000. Toll Fellows must participate fully in the program's curriculum, be active in the public interest community, remain enrolled at Penn Law, stay in good academic standing, and commit to working in public interest for at least two years upon graduation. Adherence to these conditions is required to remain in the program.
Perspective Toll Fellows will apply to the program during the summer following their 1L year. Those selected for the program will become Toll Fellows for their second and third years of law school.
Colin Dobell L'22
Catherine Kearney L'22
Jordan Konell L'22
Erica Rodarte L'22
Victoria Sanchez L'22
Jeff Simon L'22
Katherine DiVasto L'21
Mia Fry L'21
Madison Gray L'21
Sanjay Jolly L'21
Rachel Neckes L'21
John Santoro L'21


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Reviews »
Electric Universe - Album Review: Electric Universe
11 Feb 2019 // A review by Darryl Baser
Tauranga based band Electric Universe says 2019 is a year of completion for them, with their self-titled album being one of a few projects being completed during the course of the year.
The band's name should give a little away; the first four songs, from City Boy through to Acid Train, all having influence from Hendrix to Santana but with the subtlety and restraint of Hendrix, and not the album length solos of prog rock. This LP could have been recorded by Human Instinct.
The musicianship on the album is top notch.
Track 5 Moments is a slight shift to a later 60's early 70's US gospel sound, with the band showing its softer side. There's a moment where the singer's slight US accent really works, as he manages to rhyme '..all alone in my car', with '….wondering if I'll ever see her again' [with again being pronounced agaiyun]
Broken Man is the main ballad on the LP and has excellent 60's Hammond b3 style organ work, and a killer lead guitar break that soars.
In their press release Electric Universe say 2019 is an 'era of completion for their 7 members'. The band says they're looking forward to gigging more and have added members to their live show.
The original core members of Shane Davies, Michael Furness, Patrick Hawkins and Jeff Nilson were joined in 2018 by guitarist Baz Mantis and two backing vocalists, Jana Rose and Marilyn Collins-Smith, bringing even more fullness to both their sound and stage show.
Electric Universe was recorded at Soundtree Studios in Tauranga, mixed by Shane Davies and mastered by Gavin Northcroft.
Rating: ☆☆☆☆☆ ( 4 / 5 )
About Electric Universe
2019 is fast shaping up to become a successful year for the 7 members of Tauranga based rock band Electric Universe with the release of their self titled debut album and 5 music videos to date. The group is committed to bringing their dynamic live rock show to the people of New Zealand and beyond, and are anticipating a number of large shows ahead of them.
The origin of the band stems back a number of years to a time when popular rockers Black Rose were top of the Tauranga music scene. The line-up then featured vocalist Shane Davies, guitarist Michael 'Mutt' Furness, Patrick Hawkins on bass and Jeff Nilson on drums. This musical fraternity remained connected over the years ahead, and formed the core lineup of what eventually became Electric Universe.
From the start of their music careers each of those members have been busy in a number of line-ups - Mutt had travelled through Europe as one of Phil Rudd's (ex AC/DC) guitarists. Jeff took over the drum throne of Brian Downey (Thin Lizzy) and recorded an album in London with Baby Snakes, which was produced by Dave Goodman (who worked with The Sex Pistols) before he left the band, being replaced by The Cult drummer Nigel Preston. Patrick had played and recorded in a number of both covers and original acts, and Shane had also been a prolific recording artist and currently manages Soundtree Studio in Tauranga.
Visit the muzic.net.nz Profile for Electric Universe
Electric Universe
Type: Album
Other Reviews By Darryl Baser
Shakes and the Troublemakers - Mid-Winter Shin-Dig @ Waitati Hall, Waitati - 29/06/19
30 Jun 2019 // by Darryl Baser
Waitati is a seaside village 30 minutes' drive north of Dunedin. It's a melting pot of alternative life-stylers, academics and a plethora of other folk.
Hobnail - Album Review: Boots And All
Wellington band Hobnail is celebrating 25 years of making music with an album called, Boots and All. The LP spanning the band's first quarter of a century is out this week and the band is set to tour the country in July.
ErnieJ White - Album Review: I Know (You Don't Know Me)
If modern soulful electric blues is your thing, this is your album. Right from the first track, it's different – but it's still the blues.
B.A.D.S - Single Review: How Deep the River Runs
Wellington's B.A.
Hallelujah Picassos - Album Review: Voices of Exuberant Hellhounds
Hailing from the late 1980's, Hallelujah Picassos have a bunch of history, having released a mini album on cassette in 1989. Fast forward to 2019 the band's 5th album Voices of Exuberant Hellhounds follows reissues in 2011/2012, which saw Hallelujah Picassos returned to the live scene, playing a handful of shows with the likes of The Drab Doo Riffs and Labretta Suede and the Motel Six.
Emily Riordan - EP Review: Waves
14 May 2019 // by Darryl Baser
Waves is a brand new 4-song EP from Emily Riordan. Waves was mastered beautifully by Sam Johnson at Rhythm Ace Studio.
Escape - Album Review: Take Me To The Field
This album is excellently engineered and produced very well, with each instrument captured and tweaked to perfection. Ben Ruegg has done an incredible job, and it's a job he should be praised for.
Grant Duncan - Album Review: Radiant Sublime
16 Apr 2019 // by Darryl Baser
Grant Duncan is an ex-pat kiwi living and working in Japan. He recorded Radiant Sublime at Momura Studio, in Tokyo.
View All Articles By Darryl Baser


A courageous Indian journalist who exposed residential-school-like system in her country has been honoured by an alternative media outlet.
Gurpreet Singh: Where is the outrage for more 100 Kashmiri women raped by Indian soldiers on a single night?
Some horrific human rights abuses are being overlooked in India's current nationalist frenzy against Pakistan.
Gurpreet Singh: Capt. Amarinder Singh—what about the 50 Sikh soldiers killed by the mobs in 1984?
In the wake of a terrorist attack in Kashmir, the Congress chief minister of Punjab seems to want to apply collective punishment on a selective basis.
There appears to be another example of bloody déja vu in the world's so-called largest democracy.
There seems to be a double standard at play when it comes to the conduct of the BJP government led by Narendra Modi.
Kangana Ranaut stars in the title role of the Bollywood movie, which offers historical lessons about resistance to modern-day Indians.
Arrests of intellectuals involved in peaceful, legal resistance to the New Delhi government isn't of much interest to federal and provincial politicians in Canada.


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Ctinští ze Ctiněvsi bylo jméno staročeské vladycké rodiny, která se jmenuje podle vesnice Ctiněves nacházející se pod Řípem.

Historie
Prvním členem připomínaným z tohoto rodu byl Janek, jenž v roce 1432 své věno ve Ctiněvsi ukázal své manželce Dorotě. Ještě se připomíná roku 1458. Jeho syn Mikuláš seděl na Ctiněvsi se svou manželkou Annou v letech 1500–1514. Po něm se připomínají v roce 1521 jeho bratři Jan a Bohuněk, kteří prodali své panství v Mělnickém Vtelně, ale už v roce 1543 byli mrtví. Okolo roku 1542 se objevují bratři Vilém, Řehník a Adam, z nichž posledním vlastníkem Ctiněvsi byl Adam a roku 1544 ji vložil do zemských desk. Z důvodu stáří přenechal svůj statek v roce 1558 synovi Mikuláši. Mikuláš zemřel před rokem 1578 a zanechal dcery Annu a Johanku, obě vdané do rodu Zapských ze Zap. Anna seděla na Běchovicích, prodala roku 1578 svoji polovinu Ctiněvsi a získala statek Vinoř u Prahy, a na kterém před rokem 1592 zemřela. Johanka zemřela roku 1593, odkázala svoji polovici Ctiněvsi a Vinořický statek, který zdědila po sestře, svému manželu Bedřichu Zapskému ze Zap, ten koupil v roce 1578 druhou půlku od Anny. Od té doby se Ctinští nikde neobjevují.

Erb
Erb tvořil štít, na němž je umístěna beraní hlava s rohy, a totéž mají v klenotu. Ve starších dobách měli v klenotu jen beraní rohy a štít byl ze shora dolů na půl rozdělen.

Reference

Související články
 Seznam českých, moravských a slezských šlechtických rodů

České šlechtické rody

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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