text:
<?php

/**
 * Description of User
 *
 * @author G.Masy
 */

namespace Gilles\UserRestBundle\Entity;

use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints as Assert;
use Symfony\Component\Security\Core\User\UserInterface;

use Gilles\UserRestBundle\Validator\Constraints as GillesAssert;

/**
 * @ORM\Entity
 * @ORM\Table(name="utilisateur")
 */
class Utilisateur implements UserInterface, \Serializable {

    /**
     * @ORM\Id
     * @ORM\Column(type="integer")
     * @ORM\GeneratedValue(strategy="AUTO")
     */
    protected $id;

    /**
     * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=64)
     * @Assert\NotBlank(message="Le nom doit être renseigné.")
     */
    protected $name;

    /**
     * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=64)
     * @Assert\NotBlank(message="Le prénom doit être renseigné.")
     */
    protected $firstname;

    /**
     * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=128)
     * @Assert\NotBlank(message="L'adresse e-mail doit être renseignée")
     * @Assert\Email(message="L'adresse '{{ value }}' n'est pas une adresse e-mail valide.")
     */
    protected $mail;

    /**
     * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=255)
     * @Assert\NotBlank(message="Le password doit être renseigné.")
     * @GillesAssert\PasswordStrategy
     */
    protected $password;

    protected $encoderFactory;

    public function __construct(array $data, $factoryEncoder){
        $this->update($data, $factoryEncoder);
    }
    public function update(array $data, $factoryEncoder){
        $this->encoderFactory = $factoryEncoder;

        if($data){
            if(isset($data['name']))      $this->setName($data['name']);
            if(isset($data['firstname'])) $this->setFirstname($data['firstname']);
            if(isset($data['mail']))      $this->setMail($data['mail']);
            if(isset($data['password']))  $this->setPassword($data['password']);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get id
     *
     * @return integer
     */
    public function getId()
    {
        return $this->id;
    }

    /**
     * Set name
     *
     * @param string $name
     * @return Utilisateur
     */
    public function setName($name)
    {
        $this->name = $name;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get name
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getName()
    {
        return $this->name;
    }

    /**
     * Set firstname
     *
     * @param string $firstname
     * @return Utilisateur
     */
    public function setFirstname($firstname)
    {
        $this->firstname = $firstname;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get firstname
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getFirstname()
    {
        return $this->firstname;
    }

    /**
     * Set mail
     *
     * @param string $mail
     * @return Utilisateur
     */
    public function setMail($mail)
    {
        $this->mail = $mail;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get mail
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getMail()
    {
        return $this->mail;
    }

    /**
     * Set password
     *
     * @param string $password
     * @return Utilisateur
     */
    public function setPassword($password)
    {
        if($this->encoderFactory){
            $encoder = $this->encoderFactory->getEncoder($this);

            $this->password = $encoder->encodePassword($password, $this->getSalt());
        }else
            throw new \Exception('Factory Encoder is not defined');

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get password
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getPassword()
    {
        return $this->password;
    }

    /*
     * Implements UserInterface
     */
    public function getRoles(){
        //Pour des raisons de facilité (et exigence du projet), on considère que tous les utilisateurs, une fois authentifié, sont admin
        return array('ROLE_ADMIN');
    }

    public function getSalt(){
        return "Th1s_1s-a_sal7!";
    }

    public function getUsername(){
        //Considérons que l'email est le login
        return $this->getMail();
    }

    public function eraseCredentials(){
    }

    /*
     * Implements Serializable
     * http://symfony.com/fr/doc/2.2/book/security.html#charger-les-utilisateurs-de-la-base-de-donnees
     */
    public function serialize(){
        return serialize(array(
            'id' => $this->id,
            'name' => $this->name,
            'firstname' => $this->firstname,
            'mail' => $this->mail,
            'password' => $this->password,
        ));
    }

    public function unserialize($serializedData){
        $rawData = unserialize($serializedData);

        $this->id = $rawData['id'];
        $this->name = $rawData['name'];
        $this->firstname = $rawData['firstname'];
        $this->mail = $rawData['mail'];
        $this->password = $rawData['password'];
    }

    public function toJson(){
        return json_encode(
                array(
                    'id' => $this->getId(),
                    'name' => $this->getName(),
                    'firstname' => $this->getFirstname(),
                    'mail' => $this->getMail(),
                )
        );
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


There is often a lot of confusion about the different terms and concepts involved in internet marketing. At Straight Up Digital we find that this is likely to happen because internet marketing covers a wide range of expertise and requires a great understanding of all the many aspects involved in not only having a successful website, but maintaining it so it remains viable and operated at the most profitable level for you.
To properly implement SEO on your site and content so that you can get the optimum benefit of it, is a time consuming operation. It not only takes time to set up, but because of the nature of the internet and the constantly changing algorithms, SEO needs constant monitoring and updating so your site operates at the optimum level and allows you to enjoy a high search engine ranking position.
Usually a small to large business owner just does not have the time available that is needed to be spent doing a proper SEO as well as learning about all the latest developments, techniques and requirements that are needed to keep your site on the first page of the search engine list. But it is very cost effective to use a local SEO agency that is geared to a results program to do this for you as are they are well equipped and experienced.
People just trust organic search engine results much more than they do for paid Google ads and it is understandable why. You know when you see paid add you are getting sales hype, but organic content is assumed to be there because of popular demand and the trust and value other people have experienced from the site.
Even when people click on paid ads, they often then go and search out the same thing on organic ads as well to check for their best options and values especially product reviews and customer reports.
Ad blindness where searchers will just bypass all ads without reading them, a habit that many people developed during the early days of internet usage limits AdWords effectiveness. This is probably a continuance of the popular habit of waiting for the ads on TV to get a coffee or a snack.
Banner advertising has always been a non-performer for generating sales as so many internet users find it annoying. Many people pay for pop up and ad blockers so it is hard to estimate just how many millions of dollars' worth collectively of these are just flushed down the drain without being seen.
Some industries such as the finance sector may show that paid advertising has a higher trust rating because they seem to be more answerable and because they collectively spend huge amounts on AdWords.
It is estimated that using organic SEO as opposed to paid AdWords gives sites over 75% more clicks (visitors), this translates into more quality leads and results.
Even large online businesses and websites that already have a solid long term successful history of can find they are challenged by small startup companies with good SEO.
If you are looking for a quick profit or you're running a short term operation or event, then AdWords would probably be a better bet than just relying on SEO.
AdWords are almost instant because you are paying to be at the top of the search results and this happens straight away where as to build a solid SEO based campaign or website takes time, often you will not see dramatic results for several months.
Your high priced AdWords campaign finishes as soon as you stop paying for it, but a SEO based campaign or site will continue until either someone builds a better campaign or presents their site in a more SEO way with high quality backlinks and value packed, interesting, relevant and interesting content.
It comes down to budget and return on investment. If for example you are campaigning for your restaurant which is open all the time and caters for the local market, then having a well presented SEO site would be a clear winner for the cost and financial return. But if you had a stall on show day and this is a once a year event in your town, then you would more than likely find that AdWords advertising would be a more cost effective option.
On the other hand, if you are a showy and have a permanent setup that travels from town to town for different events and show days, then you would most likely benefit from doing a bit of both. Have a high quality, user friendly and interesting site and then have a localized AdWords campaign for each town or area around the time you visit.
When working out just what the cost and likely returns for the dollars spent you need a tool like "The Google Key Word Planner" that can give you an idea of the amount of searches that are made each month for that keyword or keyword phrase. You can then calculate the cost and possible value it represents to you.
When you use long tail keywords it is usual for you to attract visitors that are ready to buy your products or services. They are looking for you, what you need to do is present yourself in a way that helps seal the deal.
The amount you spend on SEO ideally is the maximum budget you can afford to spend for three months. Once you have your SEO finalized and up and running you can then lower the amount you spend and work in a "SEO Maintenance mode".
Using a pay per click advertising campaign is very quick, but because of the lack of consumer trust and the longevity of SEO based marketing strategy's it is often of limited real value, especially when considering the long term life of your business and branding.
The overall bottom line is as far as value for both time and money spent a well done SEO will beat all other forms of advertising as the search engines are geared to use this to match sites with searchers.
The answer is it's shaping up to be your new one stop news center. It's like an online newspaper that presents you with a continuous stream of news, current affairs, weather and sports commentaries.
It can be taken as it comes or if you wish it can be totally personalized so you can customize it to suit your preferred program's or presenters. The selections available come from thousands of publishers and magazines from all parts of the world, more than 4,500 different news sources all accessible with the search functions of Google. It's now available in almost every language and country worldwide, a true custom newspaper for everyone.
You really can find almost any news worthy topic or event on the planet in seconds.
Although Google News has undergone many evolutionary changes over the years, its basic overall functions essentially remain the same even with all the updates which are purposely designed to make it easier for users to access what they want quickly and efficiently. Low grade, spam or copycat type websites have found they have been placed in the bottom of the search engine listings in the same way they reduce the rankings of websites that are inaccurate or full of mistakes.
In 2018, Google added a number of artificial intelligence updates, these included user friendly features such newscasts from other Google owned sites like YouTube and Newsstand, but the core of Google News has remained the same.
Google News and its search box are restricted to only items that Google in its "wisdom" classifies as news. The whole site is easy to follow with the top stories listed towards the top section of each page. When you scroll down you can find more news categories on an assortment of topics many based on your previous browsing history.
The main news sections are in the left navigation pane. If you want a particular type of news quickly, then all you have to do is click on a news grouping you find interesting.
A variety of news section In the right-hand navigation pane are a variety of news sections such as Recent, Fact, In The News, Sports, Fact Checker and other topics. There are four buttons across the top of the page they are "Headlines", which offers news from anywhere in the world "Local", has news that is from your location "For You" gives you stories based on your interests and "Your Country", Stories about your country.
Google news is offered in Summaries where you get just the first paragraph or so to tempt you, then if you click on the headline you will get the whole story from the source. Sometimes you can get news items from the thumbnail images. Often similar news items are placed in clusters so you can choose the one you like.
You can change the way your whole google page looks by selecting "Manage Sections" you will find this at the bottom left navigation plane. You can create new sections or remove sections.
Google News Search has revolutionized the way people worldwide can get their news. Now the very latest news stories can be seen right as they happen by everyone anywhere. The mighty powerhouse news giants and their selective news channels are a thing of the past. People can see what they wish at last.


Plattsburgh Mayor Colin Read stood next to vacant land on Thursday while discussing the need for the city to explore the possibility of finding town properties it can annex.
The city and town of Plattsburgh have filed lawsuits against each other in a dispute over a Payment in Lieu of Taxes agreement made in 1992 that prevented the city from annexing property now owned by Falcon Seaboard/Saranac Power.
Plattsburgh's mayor is looking at the possibility of obtaining a plot of land in the adjacent town by annexation. But the idea is not going over well with the town supervisor.


The Inheritance and Trustees' Powers Act came into force in late 2014. It changes intestacy law in England and Wales to allow a deceased's estate to pass to their widow, widower or civil partner absolutely where there are no children.
The intestatcy rules can be complex, but. If there is a husband, wife or civil partner, and children, then the spouse/partner gets all the personal possessions and half of the estate absolutely and the children of the deceased, including illegitimate and adopted children, share between them half what is left straight away, if they are 18 or over.
The Government has created a straightforward guidance tool to assist executors in understanding the entitlement of relatives to an intestate person's estate.


text:
Phalmuter est un groupe de heavy metal espagnol, originaire de la région de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Le groupe, formé en 2006, produit deux démos, The Stall (2008) et Break the D* ck (2010), à ses débuts. Il se compose de trois membres incluant Jacinto  (voix et basse), Enrique  (guitare), et Lucas (batterie).

Biographie
Phalmuter est formé en 2006 à Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. En 2008, le groupe publie sa première démo quatre titres intitulée The Stall, qui comprend trois chansons originales et une reprise de la chanson Sick of You de Gwar.
Après une année de tournée en 2009, donnant des concerts dans différentes salles de Grande Canarie, le groupe participe au festival Winds of Rock jouant avec dix autres groupes, et au festival Telde Rock Meeting avec Richie Kotzen et Jaded Sun.

En 2010, ils jouent à Madrid avec Leyenda et Roadblock. Cette même année, ils publient leur deuxième démo intitulée Break the D* ck, qui comprend quatre nouvelles chansons. Ayose rejoint le groupe en 2011 à la batterie, puis le groupe publie la vidéo de sa chanson I' Metalize réalisée par Teresa Alonso et Jac Cabrera. 2012 est une année clé pour le groupe ; ils annoncent leur première mini-tournée Break the Irish '12, à travers l'Irlande (Cork, Clonmel, Dublin et Belfast). Ils annoncent ensuite un album intitulé XXX3, qui n'est, en date de 2016, toujours pas publié.

Membres
 Jacinto  - chant, basse (depuis 2006)
 Enrique  - guitare (depuis 2006)
 Ayose Mayor - batterie (depuis 2011)

Discographie
 2008 : The Stall
 2010 : Break the D* ck

Notes et références

Liens externes

Groupe espagnol de heavy metal
Groupe espagnol de thrash metal
Groupe espagnol de hard rock

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Moving To Utah Pros and Cons
Pros of moving to Utah include:
Access to outdoor activities: Utah has many state and national parks that offer opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, skiing, snowboarding, and rock climbing.
Access to scenic wilderness: Utah has a lot of natural beauty and scenic wilderness, which offers a peaceful and tranquil environment.
Access to good education: Utah has a number of highly-ranked public and private universities and colleges, which can provide great educational opportunities for students and families.
Access to major cities: Utah is located near major cities such as Salt Lake City and Las Vegas, which offer many job opportunities, cultural activities, and entertainment options.
Access to local food and products: Utah is known for its local food and products, such as honey, cheese, and beef.
Cons of moving to Utah include:
High cost of living: Utah has a relatively high cost of living, particularly in major cities such as Salt Lake City and Park City, which can make it difficult to afford housing and other necessities.
Limited cultural diversity: Utah is relatively homogeneous in terms of culture and ethnicity, so if you're looking for a more diverse community, it may not be the best fit.
Political and social issues: Utah is a politically and socially divided state and may not be ideal for those looking for a more progressive community.
Limited public transportation options: Utah may not have as many public transportation options as other states, which can make it difficult to get around without a car.
Limited job opportunities in certain areas: Some rural areas of the state may have limited job opportunities, which can make it difficult to find employment.
High state taxes: Utah has some of the highest state taxes in the country, which can make it more difficult to afford living expenses.
Limited access to certain services: Some areas of the state may have limited access to certain services, such as healthcare and education, which can be a concern for some people.
Weather: Utah can experience cold and harsh winters, with significant snowfall and freezing temperatures, which can be a challenge for some people.
Development: Utah's rapid development and population growth in recent years has caused increased traffic, and also strain on services such as healthcare and education.
Air Quality: Utah has some of the worst air quality in the country, which can be a concern for some people with respiratory issues.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
<!doctype html>

    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title>animatedBG</title>

    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="apple-touch-icon.png">

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles/main.css">


From its beginnings, BIP has sought to support the strategic visions of the best and brightest building industry entrepreneurs.
Building Industry Partners (BIP) was founded in 2008 to partner with, and provide growth equity capital to, proven building industry business leaders.
During the depths of a historic U.S. housing market correction, most investors avoided the building industry altogether. BIP believed that through a long-term perspective on value and risk, partnerships with proven operators, and disciplined adherence to fundamental investment principles, the building industry represented prudent ground for entrepreneurship and long-term investment.
From its beginnings, BIP has sought to support the strategic visions of building industry entrepreneurs within their segments of expertise, across the residential and commercial building products manufacturing, distribution, and service sectors.
BIP invests its principals' own capital, as well as that of like-minded investors, including accomplished active and retired building industry entrepreneurs.
Today, BIP is the leading private equity investment firm focused exclusively in the U.S. building industry. Since BIP's formation in 2008, BIP's principals have generated weighted-average gross equity returns on investment (ROI) of over 5.0x invested capital and over 30% IRR in building industry investments.
BIP has operations in New York, Boston, and Dallas, and is actively seeking new investment opportunities throughout the U.S.
We focus on establishing long-term relationships with operators, business owners, and industry leaders built upon respect, honesty, fairness, communication, and collaboration.
We believe our exclusive building industry focus drives BIP's competitive advantages in opportunity and talent sourcing, opportunity evaluation, due diligence, and strategy execution. These advantages benefit our portfolio companies' operating partners, employees, customers, vendor partners, and investors.
We focus on partnering with and supporting the entrepreneurial visions of the building industry's best and brightest business leaders. Above all else, we invest with exceptional operators with proven track records of high-integrity leadership and equity value creation within their segments of expertise.
In our business partnerships, and in particular with our Operating Partners, we prioritize the alignment of vision and financial interests.
We seek to invest in strong, well-run, growing, and profitable platform businesses at prudent valuations. Foremost, we aim to preserve those businesses' success drivers and successful legacies. In partnership with management, we seek to identify and pursue compelling opportunities for further organic and acquisition-related growth.
We believe in the long-run strength of the U.S. economy, and in turn the U.S. residential and commercial construction markets. However, we have respect for market cycles. As a result, we capitalize businesses conservatively. Furthermore, we seek to build businesses that can not only endure, but also find opportunity, during market downturns.
In an industry that often attracts opportunistic turnaround and "distressed" investors, we bring a growth-oriented and longer-term mindset. We're committed to fueling organic and acquisition-related growth, resulting in opportunity for our businesses, employees, and other stakeholders. Since 2008, BIP has been part of forming and building a number of the fastest-growing independent companies in the building industry.
Following an investment, we commit substantial time and resources where our operating partners believe we can best help them. These areas often include capital structure, recruiting, acquisition sourcing and execution, and strategic introductions. However, we are not operationally-intensive investors. We are mindful to provide our management teams the autonomy to do what they do best – lead and build great and enduring businesses.
Distributors to fencing contractors with $10+ million annual sales located anywhere in the U.S.
We are flexible providers of equity capital, and we are comfortable in both majority and minority ownership positions. We prefer sellers/partners who want to retain a meaningful ownership stake alongside BIP post-transaction, as a means to best ensure the business' future success.
BIP is actively seeking opportunities to sponsor the building products industry's greatest operating talents in realizing their entrepreneurial visions. If you are a business owner considering a transaction, or are interested in understanding potential succession or capitalization options, please do not hesitate to contact us.


The Duo Totepack is a dashing, undercover, shape-shifting, double agent. It's four bags in one. It's fun, it's serious. It's slim, it's stout. Frankly, I find it to be the top of the line offering in Bellroy's impressive carry collection.
The first time I laid eyes on the Duo Totepack, I spotted something that excited me from a proverbial mile away, the wide-mouthed and teethy water resistant YKK Aquaguard zipper on the top. I'm a bag nerd, so I'm familiar with this specific zipper. It's one of the nicest that YKK produces and I just so happen to think YKK is the best zipper manufacturer in the world.
Upon holding the bag out in front of me for the very first time, I literally said, "Oh man, no way" when I felt the Fidlock clips on each side. The Fidlock technology is like Harry Houdini partnered with Tesla and NASA to make hardware for bags. A ton of research and boasting over 30 patents. Yeah, it's like that.
Now you can walk into the office carrying the bag's padded leather tote handles, looking like you own the joint.
They're amazing little features, but what makes them useful in the design of this bag? They allow the bag to grow from a slim laptop style bag out to a healthy 15 liters, with a very simple, quick motion. This is particularly useful if you're swinging over to a friend's after work and decide to pick up a six-pack, because you're a good person who likes to have fun. (Or same situation, but with some groceries instead of the six-pack.) Expand the bag and you've got room for the extras. When you've emptied your bag of those extras, simply hover the two halves of the Fidlock hardware together and feel them magnetically snap shut and click in satisfyingly, until you need to expand again. And don't worry, the magnets won't interfere with laptops, smartphone, or any other electronics you may carry.
While I'm on the topic of transitioning from work to play, let's talk about the carry options here. You've got options. In the previous scenario, with the added weight of a six-pack, you'd surely be rocking the generously padded shoulder straps which have leather details and metal hardware.
However, though backpacks are indeed becoming more commonplace in today's professional scene, some folks just can't subscribe to this idea quite yet. The Duo Totepack, if you couldn't tell from the name, also functions perfectly as a tote. The straps unclip at the bottom and tuck away behind the cushioned back panel, disappearing like a ninja with a smoke bomb. Now you can walk into the office carrying the bag's padded leather tote handles, looking like you own the joint. While I'm usually not a massive fan of hand carry, when I tried this out I was surprised by the comfort of the thick grab handles.
Pockets. Oh yeah, this guy has pockets to spare. The exterior quick-access accessories pocket on the front has plenty of room to fit all your regular valuables, kept securely shut with another water resistant YKK zipper. It's depth goes well past my wrist and a width the same as the bag's. There's even organization within this pocket, including a lightly padded pocket which would be perfect for your smartphone. This is usually the pocket I look for first and on this bag it definitely gets solid approval.
The Fidlock technology is like Harry Houdini partnered with Tesla and NASA to make hardware for bags. A ton of research and boasting over 30 patents. Yeah, it's like that.
Now, inside is where things get a bit wild. There are seven compartments to store all of your goods safely, including two zippered pockets to keep small loose items tidy. Like the other bags in the Bellroy collection, there is a padded laptop drop pocket and a tablet drop pocket, but the Duo Totepack has a third pocket in front of those, with the added trick of a magnetic closure. When you run your hand down into the pocket it opens effortlessly, and when you pull your hand out, the pocket snaps back with your items safely enclosed.
If you're an urbanite who transitions from work to play on the daily, then this bag was designed with you in mind. I've been putting this transformer through its paces and it continues to swallow up whatever I throw in/at it, keeps my stuff and my life organized, and continues to look as fresh as it did straight out of the box.
Taylor Welden is an industrial designer, Senior Editor of Carryology, and every bit the bag geek. He was commissioned by Bellroy to tell us what he thinks of our Duo Totepack.
Carry expert and Carryology Senior Editor, Taylor Welden, road tests the bag and lets you in on the experience.


text:
Q: Save photo to iOs album in Cordova Is there a way to download and save photo from URL to album/cameraroll in iOs using Cordova?
I used FileTransfer to download photos, but they don't show up like in android gallery. I guess there should be some plugin for that, but i cant find one. Or some other method perhaps?
If it can't be done in Cordova, can be it done at all, so I could create plugin for Cordova in Objective C?

A: You will need to install Canvas2Image with your CLI like so:
cordova plugin add https://github.com/devgeeks/Canvas2ImagePlugin.git

(or replace 'cordova' with 'phonegap' if you use that instead.)
Next, you will need to add a function (in this case saveImageToPhone()) that calls the plugin you just added to your project. This function will be called from your button selector. For instance:
<button onclick="saveMyPic("path/to/my/pic.jpg")">Save a pic to library</button>

It doesn't have to be a button, obviously, you can just make the function call and pass it any URL you like. This 'URL' can be the path that you get back from the FileTransfer success.
Here's my code:
function saveMyPic(myURL){
        var MEsuccess = function(msg){
           console.info(msg);
        };

        var MEerror = function(err){
            console.error(err);
        };

        saveImageToPhone(myURL, MEsuccess, MEerror);
}

function saveImageToPhone(url, success, error) {
    var canvas, context, imageDataUrl, imageData;
    var img = new Image();
    img.onload = function() {
        canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
        canvas.width = img.width;
        canvas.height = img.height;
        context = canvas.getContext('2d');
        context.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
        try {
            imageDataUrl = canvas.toDataURL('image/jpeg', 1.0);
            imageData = imageDataUrl.replace(/data:image\/jpeg;base64,/, '');
            cordova.exec(
                success,
                error,
                'Canvas2ImagePlugin',
                'saveImageDataToLibrary',
                [imageData]
        );
    }
    catch(e) {
        error(e.message);
    }
};
try {
    img.src = url;
}
catch(e) {
    error(e.message);
}

}
Now just call the first function from wherever you wish. If it works, you'll get a console.log that says
IMAGE SAVED!
I hope that helps you out!

A: @WillCo solution probably would do the job, but creating canvas and converting canvas date do base64 to achive goal as simple as of downloading a photo seems unnecessary at least.
I recently dug up my old code of this project. I created a little native plugin for iOS that could download the image directly from the given URL to the system gallery on the device.
I posted my solution to GitHub:
https://github.com/Kocik/cordova-photo-to-album-plugin
How it works:
Install plugin:
cordova plugin add https://github.com/Kocik/cordova-photo-to-album-plugin/
In your javascript add: window.plugins.phototoalbum.download(url, successCallback, failCallback);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


UCSD Health's vision is to create a healthier world one life at a time through new science, new medicine, and new cures. UCSD is the region's only academic medical center in which encompasses clinical, research and teaching excellence. Their new facility, completed in ~20 weeks, was built out to create an inviting open space, with small details including: wood wall panels, bright colors, open floor plans, cafes and conference rooms.


Flo's task was to draw on her experiences gathered over a lifetime of commitment and campaigning. Her message was one of support and solidarity for the Heidelberg Heritage Association as the organisation sets out on the battle to save the town's heritage.
3.5 Local support is vital: Are there any local organisations or commercial companies which are willing to support your efforts? Is your local authority interested in the heritage matters?
If there is an application for demolition or development, lodge an objection. Do not be afraid to pursue this course. You have the right to object, make use of it. Object to the rezoning, object to the proposed demolition. Objections are vital because they prolong the process and often persuade the developer to negotiate.
Get a petition going if you have lost round one. There is a Petitions Committee in the Gauteng Legislature. Lodge your petition. I have seen reports on petitions for just one block in a suburb. That way you get the message out to wider group of public representatives. Invite them to come and see for themselves. Send good photographs.
Get your petition on social media. Have you got a facebook page, twitter account, instagram profile etc.? Can you piggy back on other heritage groups with a large following? Get people sharing.
I have been doing this since 1972. Our biggest and longest battle was against a motorway which was later slimmed down to an arterial road. I am probably the only one who remembers it now. We had two houses in its path declared National Monuments. We petitioned the Minister to increase protections in the National Monument Act. That gave us the 50 year rule which was later changed to the 60 year rule. We fought using town planning legislation as well. When properties were rezoned we objected until they accepted the need to keep the old houses. Today in Parktown at least 50% of the buildings that have been retained were kept through rezoning not through heritage legislation.
When Imperial demolished the buildings of the Rand Steam Laundries in Richmond which had been provisionally declared a heritage site, we declared war. We held demonstrations, we called for boycotts, we used radio and fought for 8 years. Imperial caved in and rezoned making the rights dependent on the reconstruction of the old buildings. Now we have a new developer, who is rebuilding the old buildings. Our aim was to make sure that no developer would try the trick of demolition again.
In the process of saving a few Parktown houses we have supported many other causes such as saving the old Markhams building in Eloff Street. We have lost many causes, such as the old Colosseum cinema. We have remained militant and vigilant which has gained us the support of members of the public and made developers and our City Council is wary of ignoring heritage issues.
We have a Research Centre and undertake surveys and grade the sites in each area we work on. You can find these on our website and many of them are also on the Heritage Register. We have three Plans Committees which scrutinise building plans and rezoning applications for East, North including central and West.
We run tours and try to raise awareness of heritage in all areas of Johannesburg. We have done tours in Orlando East and I am doing one in Dube, Soweto next month. We often do tours in the centre of Johannesburg. My favourite is in Hillbrow. We got to the Highpoint and I tell people "You are standing in the centre of the most dangerous part of South Africa" . They take photos but the best came when some of the residents leaned out of their flats and photographed us "Tourists!" We run a schools programme offering four different tours.
We award blue plaques where we believe the buildings are important. This is costly process and we are not keeping up with all those that are needed, but it brings pride to an area as well as to the owners who are maintaining our heritage sites.
Nearly all this work is done by volunteers. It started in 1973 with my neighbour... Isabelle le Roux and I deciding we had had enough. Angry women make great warriors!
You have a most interesting and exciting heritage which has enriched your town creating a wonderful sense of the past and the progress that has been made. So please for all our sakes keep up the pressure and make sure everyone knows about Heidelberg's heritage.
We congratulate Heidelberg on hosting a wonderful symposium. We support you in your efforts. We are delighted you have plans to make this station a beer emporium and grand brewery for local craft beer. This is the home of Heidelberg beer, Paul Kruger Beer, and local Umqombothi. Your museum, working brewery, station locomotive and train carriages on site is a willing formula. It will be a tourist attraction of note! It is an ambitious and exciting project and we wish you success and offer you our support.


Central questions: what does it mean for a spell to be balanced at a particular spell level, in the presence of shifts in play? What would a spell list / system of casting that really took the notion of shifts in play to heart look like? How would you have to change the resource model to balance it without breaking the world?
I've been kicking around a couple of projects lately. Both would entail designing new spells and figuring out what it means for a spell to be level-appropriate.
First, Magic the ACKSening. I would like to hit the old Arena-era feeling, with physical objects that a caster attunes to which let him cast a particular spell. I think there's some room for interesting mechanics here (blue card draw? Attune to a talisman in your possession temporarily. Black discard? Temporarily disrupt someone else's attunement). Also makes copying spells between casters within the party harder, makes competition for spells between casters in party more prominent. But, comes with a whole bunch of problems, like "how do you model the different colors? What's your spell-slots / mana pool mechanic look like? How does recharging work? How do you not shaft multi-color casters (if they even exist)?"
The ACKSiest way to do this would be to use the custom magic system creation rules from Axioms, but that makes life very difficult for multi-color casters. If red casting and white casting are two different magic systems, they track two different repertoires and sets of spell slots, and if you want to combine them in one class, that class is not going to be very good at either of them. In effect, its spellcasting will not actually be "level-appropriate" (I hate to use that word, but it serves), in the same way that a nightblade who casts as a wizard of half his level isn't actually going to be a useful spellcaster outside of the first couple of levels, or a high-level venturer isn't going to be a useful spellcaster. Neither has access to spells which are relevant in their current tier of play; they don't keep up with the subtle shifts. That's a damn shame, particularly in ACKS where those subtle shifts are not so subtle and a big selling point.
I think this is fundamentally a problem with ACKS' design systems. They are too quantitative and insufficiently qualitative. For another example of this, consider fireball, which by ACKS' design rules should be a 5th-level spell. As I argue in the linked post, fireball is fine at 3rd - provided that the "expands to volume" clause is relentlessly enforced, in which case it becomes an outdoor spell, providing a big hit against either a humanoid warband (where the area of effect is the important point) or a single tough monster (where the d6 per level is the important bit, to force a morale roll through half-HP damage). It's much like sleep, which in the low levels provided the ability to either neutralize an encounter's worth of weak humanoids or to take out a single big monster like an ogre. The parallel is striking. I'm a little surprised that death spell doesn't have a single-target mode (which was split out into disintegrate), following that same pattern.
The second project I have been considering is a result of my travel to Taiwan for work last summer. While there, I visited the shrine of the Xia-Hai City God of Taipei. I was rather tickled by the notion of a City God. I subsequently read Journey to the West, and enjoyed its portrayal of the Celestial Bureaucracy, with deities ranked. So I'm considering attempting to model that sort of messily syncretic polytheism, with ancestor worship, immortal heroes, animal spirits, boddhisatvas, dragon kings, hearth gods, stable gods, all manner of gods being worshiped, preferably with a minimum of systematic complexity. I'm considering keeping just one divine caster class. Your first and maybe second level spells are from ancestors and commoner deities like the Kitchen God, your third and fourth from regional deities, and then your fifth level spells are from higher powers, picking (say) two of three patrons per spell level, which then determine your spells available at that level. But in any case, would need (many) new spells for this as well, hence the interest in "balance" with existing divine options.
So there's the question - if I'm dubious of ACKS' numbers for producing really balanced, tier-appropriate spells, I need to get a better qualitative idea of what's appropriate for a spell of each type (arcane | divine) at each level. I think I was on the right track here - generally arcane does just straight-up solve (or oversolve) a level-appropriate problem at low levels, while divine does tend to only half-solve problems, give a bonus, or something like that. But there's more to it than that. I'm interested in the relationship between eg Wizard Lock and Hold Portal, 2nd and 1st level arcane spells that do roughly the same thing at different degrees of thoroughness. That might seem like a silly thing to care about, but I'm kicking around spells that fog whole hexes to solve fundamentally the same problem ("we are being pursued") at wilderness levels, because the wilderness is just a big megadungeon - so if your wizard can have a spell to solve the problem of pursuit in the dungeon, and now we're doing wilderness stuff, well sure, you should have spells to solve similar problems at this new level of play. Flood Ford and Hold Mountain Pass as 3rd-level analogs of Hold Portal, maybe... Light solves the problem of tracking consumable torches temporarily, Continual Light solves it more permanently - Create Food and Water solves consumable wilderness resources temporarily, Cornucopia solves it more permanently by imbuing an object and requires maintenance (the divine version, meanwhile, is more like Call Game Animals and gives you a bonus to hunting throws to find food. Purify Food and Water / Preserve Food and Water are also more along the divine "partial-solve" lines, but rely on enforcing ration spoilage).
If wizards could straight-solve wilderness-level problems like they straight-solve dungeoneering problems, maybe wilderness play would be more fun. Perhaps my players would be willing to take more risks if they felt they had some aces in the hole besides fireball.
Unfortunately, this [high-powered wilderness- and domain-grade spells] is in tension with ACKS' ethos of "let's tone wizards down a little so that we can still have conventional armies and historical-looking economics." This is why ACKS' fireball only has a 10' radius instead of 20', for example. A partial resolution to this is really enforcing the "spell slots only recovered by rest in safe, sanity conditions" rule - this means that yeah, that wizard is gonna wreck one unit, but then he has to get back to town to recharge. This breaks down under siege conditions, providing a huge advantage to casters defending a town over those laying siege to it, and might have other unforeseen edge problems. Maybe the right thing is really to vary the recharge time for spell slots by phase of play. Dungeoneering-tier spells recharge every day, while a turn in the dungeon is ten minutes - a similar scheme would have wilderness-tier spells recharging maybe every month, against a "wilderness turn" of one day (... or maybe every 3 months; 144 10-minute turns per day, and 144 days is 4.8 months, but that seems excessive), and domain spells... I don't even know. The upshot of boosting the recharge times is that you can go nuts with high-power spells that solve level-relevant problems but aren't really useful at lower tiers (does raise some questions like "how do they interact with Dispel Magic?").
Maybe it makes sense to move the bar for ritual spells down. The nice thing about spell slots, though, is that they don't build up over time like ritual spell items do - lord help him who goes to war with the elven or lich wizard-lord who has had a couple of centuries to stockpile ritual items. Maybe a limit on "sustainable" ritual spell items, just like on Continual Light? Or you have a spell slot, but you have to do something like ritual research to recharge it? The logical endpoint of this train of thought probably looks rather vancian... I think I like longer recharge times better.
There is also the difficulty that most of the existing 5th-6th level spells are really more like high-level-dungeoneering spells than wilderness or domain spells. Passwall, disintegrate, anti-magic shell, feeblemind, dimension door... this stuff has domain applications (siege, fighting high-level NPCs and big monsters), but it's not for domains. Passwall is for punching temporary shortcuts in dungeons; disintegrate's secondary function clearing a 10' cube is the same but more permanent, and probably wasn't designed or balanced with reducing fortresses in mind. They're not designed around the shifts, and if your game doesn't include dungeons as a salient feature of high-level play, they're a bit out of place (especially if competing for repertoire space with eg a spell you can only cast every five years that summons 500 demons for a single mass combat).
Maybe tacking these high-level dungeoneering effects onto low-level spells when cast by high-level casters is a reasonable solution? So say, knock can produce passwall if the caster is 9th+ level, much like bless can make holy water or magic missile scales up. And then 1st-2nd level spells are your dungoneering and personal combat bread and butter, 3rd-4th are mostly wilderness or small mass-combat (haste, prayer, and other mass- spells fit here) with longer recharge times, and 5th-6th are for domains and big mass combats and have looong recharge times.


MyBuilder has thousands of local and reliable Extension Builders in Holmfirth. We screen our trade members and every job is up for review. Post your job now to get quick responses from local Extension Builders in Holmfirth.
Looking for Holmfirth based Extension Builders?
Single storey extension rear of 1930' semi.
First, create a job listing for your extensions project. It's quick, easy and free - the first step to finding recommended extension builders in Holmfirth.
Having met our recommended extension builders in Holmfirth and read customer reviews, you're ready to decide which extension builders to hire.


One puzzling aspect at last year's media summit for Nike Basketball was the lack women's products, specifically those enmeshed with the new Hyperfuse technology. Not wanting to miss the opportunity in the ever growing women sportswear sector, Nike Sportswear designed a series of products for the ladies only. While not a collaboration technically, Nike Sportswear's designers put the creative process through the pace as if it was a collaboration. Already with rich resources from the performance aspect, much learned during athlete-specific product development for the likes of Victoria Azarenka and Serena Williams, the designers looked toward streets and everyday styling to see how women wore their kicks through a daily litany of responsibilities. What they came away with were 3 designs, 2 of which are already familiar to many, the Women's Air Max 90 Hyperfuse and Women's Dunk High Hyperfuse. The third silhouette is quite new and more recent, the Women's Air Feather High Hyperfuse, a new rendition on the classic Air Force 1 High. The 3 designs will be the first among many Hyperfuse products to come in the months ahead from Nike Sportswear.


Our traditional, oversized rugelach are based on an old family recipe. The cream cheese-based dough is rolled together with a delicious filling and baked to a light golden brown. You'll receive a one-pound assortment of fruit (raspberry or apricot), cinnamon raisin and cinnamon chocolate-covered rugelach. (Contains walnuts).
Rugelach, 1 lb. asst. has been added successfully to your wishlist.
Everyone has a favorite family recipe. One that's passed down from generation to generation and taught from grandparent to grandchild. One that is so amazing, so elaborate, so special, that it's only made for the holidays and family celebrations. Well, our rugelach is made from that recipe. And if you had the time, which we're guessing you don't, this is the dessert that you would make for your mishpocha to show them how much you love them. Let us help you share the love. Made from a delectable cream cheese dough that is painstakingly kneaded to a creamy consistency, and then rolled around a delicious filling, our rugelach melts in your mouth. We're sending you an assortment, because you know your sister always sneaks the raspberry and Aunt Ruthie only eats the apricot. At least your favorite is the cinnamon raisin. And for that special someone (which could be you), we even have a chocolate dipped cinnamon raisin.
There are currently no reviews for Rugelach, 1 lb. asst., but you can be the first!


Transfers from Krakow to Katowice Pyrzowice Airport - Krakow & Katowice Airport transfers. Auschwitz Salt Mine tours. Zakopane tours. Things to do in Krakow with Transfers Poland.
Airport transfer with TransfersPoland is the easiest, most comfortable and low cost way from your hotel to the Katowice Pyrzowice Airport. Safe and full equipment cars, experienced, nice, english speaking drivers, private, door-to-door service - thats all you'll have if you book an airport transfer with us.


There is a graphic and enjoyable description of his school life with his friends Shlok, Nirbhai, Abhimanu, Navjot, Ankit, Mohit, Nitin, Zorawar and Sagar. They tease each other and make friends with girls in their class, Pankhudi, Aanchal, Kriti and Swati. Shiva has very interestingly written about the day-to-day school life. How they tease each other sitting in the class and how much attention they give to studies and to the girls. Their naughtiness takes us back to our own schooldays and brings a smile to our lips. It is not only about their naughtiness that he writes but also about their insecurities.
As a teenager, he is unable to decide about his future. Even talking to his parents does not satisfy him. He is in a dilemma, sometimes he wants to become a doctor like his parents or become an engineer, or an architect or take English and become a writer. All this causes confusion and he starts losing confidence. Then one day, Krish, a boy older to Bharat and the son of a family friend talks to him and asks about the reason of his being upset and losing confidence. Bharat shares how everyone tells him that Class 11th and 12th are the platform of one's life's career and if one loses one's mind in these crucial years, one ends up losing everything in life. "This is pressurising me, I am really unable to decide which subjects to take." Krish explains to him about choice of subjects and adjustments. Sharing his innermost feelings makes Bharat feel relaxed and lighter.
In the last chapter, Shiva says why he kept the title of this book Growing up in Mist. He feels while growing up we are not always clear of what we would do exactly. It takes time and guidance to realise what we actually want to be. He advises youngsters: "Write down your dreams and everything you want and work accordingly. Find your directions and work. Your parents may have different ideas for you but stop living life with a conventional approach. Just follow your dreams. Do what you think is best for you."
For grown-ups who are reading this part and contradict his opinion because they believe that they have seen life more than the children, he says: "You definitely have but only yours. Parents have seen more life and can guide their child in a better way so as to fulfil his dreams by explaining him plus and minus points." This book is an interesting insight into the lives of highschool teenagers and their different world of friendship. love and infatuations and help in finding directions for their goals.


text:
\section{Introduction}
	Over more than two centuries, scientists have attempted to measure and to explain the variations in the length of the day (lod), or the equivalent rotation velocity of Earth, and changes in the geographical location of the pole of rotation, that is the place where the rotation axis intersects the Earth surface. A thorough treatment is in the \textit{Treatise of celestial mechanics} of Pierre-Simon de Laplace  (1749-1827; \cite{Laplace1799}) where the great scientist derives the system of differential equations that fully describes the motions of the rotation axis of any celestial body, among others Earth. This system has come to be known as Liouville-Euler after mathematicians Leonhard Euler (1707-1783; the first to establish this system for pole motion) and Joseph Liouville (1809-1882; he complemented the theory of partial differential equations, showing in a theorem that the volume of phase space of a system is constant along trajectories of the system – in modern terms). The theory has been confirmed and elaborated on by a number of authors,  \citet{Poincare1899} among them. Recent formulations are found in many papers and textbooks. In the present note, we focus on that of  \citet{Lambeck2005}. In a first section, we recall the theoretical derivations of Laplace and Lambeck and show aspects in which they are formally identical, but also differences that can be significant and need to be explained. The main point is the identification of the sources (or excitation functions) of polar motion and length of day (lod). In a second section, we illustrate these differences by applying the theory to modern data of polar motion and lod. We discuss them and draw some conclusions in the final section.

\section{Two formulations of the Liouville-Euler equations}
\citet{Lopes2021} and \citet{Courtillot2021} have recently recalled in some detail how \citet{Laplace1799}  derived the system of differential equations that was later to be named Liouville-Euler. We call "full" polar motion the vector consisting of the two spherical coordinates of the pole $m_1$ and $m_2$ (according to the $X_1 O X_2$ plane) and the third coordinate $m_3$, linked to the length of the day (\textit{cf.} \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}} \ref{Fig:01}). The motion of the Earth's rotation axis ($\omega$) can be seen as the combination of three Euler angles $\omega_1$, $\omega_2$ and $\omega_3$. The rotation axis moves only very small distances from its mean position (at least over the past century of continuous measurements) and one can write:
\begin{equation}
	\begin{aligned}
		\omega_1 &= \Omega.\textrm{m}_1 \\
		\omega_2 &= \Omega.\textrm{m}_2 \\
		\omega_3 &= \Omega.(1+\textrm{m}_3)
	\end{aligned}
	\label{eq:01}
\end{equation}

where $\Omega$ (=7.292115*10$^{-5}$ rad/s) is the Earth's mean rotation velocity today computed on the last 3 decades. Applying the theorem of kinetic momentum to the rotation of a non rigid body and following \citet{Lambeck2005}, chapter 3, equations (\ref{eq:01}) lead to the set of Liouville - Euler equations (system 3.2.9 in \citet{Lambeck2005}):
\begin{equation}
	\begin{aligned}
		i (\dfrac{\dot{\textbf{m}}}{\sigma_r}) + \textbf{m}  & = \textbf{f} \\
		\dot{m}_3 &= f_3
	\end{aligned}
	\label{eq:02}
\end{equation}

where $i=\sqrt{-1}$, $\textbf{m} = m_1+im_2$, $\sigma_r$  is the Euler frequency ($=\dfrac{C-A}{A}\Omega$), $\textbf{f}$ (=$f_1+if_2$) and $f_3$ are the so-called excitation functions (\textit{e.g.} \citet{Lambeck2005}, chapter 4). $C$  and $A$ are respectively, the axial and equatorial moments of inertia of Earth (8.0365*10$^37$ kg.m$^2$ and 8.010*10$^37$ kg.m$^2$, see \citet{Chen2010}). In this derivation, the behavior of the pole position ($m_1$,$m_2$) and $m_3$ have been fully separated. Through $\sigma_r$ , ($m_1$,$m_2$) involve the (internal) terrestrial data $C$ and $A$. \citet{Lambeck2005}, page 34, writes: "\textit{$m_1$ and $m_2$ are the components of the polar motion or wobble and  $\Omega \dfrac{d \omega_3}{dt}$ is nearly the acceleration in diurnal rotation}". The generally accepted reading (physical interpretation) of this formulation is that polar motion ($m_1$, $m_2$) is linked to geophysical excitation such as atmospheric or oceanic circulation, lithospheric and mantle convection or electromagnetic coupling, and that the $m_3$ component is linked to astronomical phenomena such as tides. \citet{Lambeck2005}, page 36) concludes: " \textit{Equations (3.2.6) clearly separate the astronomical and geophysical problems.}"\\
\begin{figure}
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figure_arxiv/fig_01.eps}}
\caption{Terrestrial reference frame. $m_1$ and $m_2$ are the coordinates of the rotation pole. $\psi$  and $\theta$  are the declination and inclination introduced by \citet{Laplace1799}. }
\label{Fig:01}
\end{figure}

This is one reason for which on long time scales mechanical properties of the mantle are called upon. Some of these excitations can vary along with climate variations. Such is the case in the theory of isostasy (e.g. \citet{Peltier1976}; \citet{Nakiboglu1980}). It is also the reason why one calls upon the ephemerids of the Moon and Sun in order to compute Earth tides (\textit{e.g.} \citet{Melchior1966}; \citet{Ray2014}) or to evaluate their influence on lod variations (e.g. \citet{Wahr1981}; \citet{LeMouel2019a}). \\

In the classical problem of the motion of a Lagrange top (\textit{e.g.} \citet{Perez1997}), the weight of the top plays the role of a perturbation of the full motion of the rotation axis. This is replaced by the astronomical torques of the Moon and Sun as excitations of the Earth's rotation axis. This formalism has allowed one to compute the period of equinoctial precession (26,000 yr). This is how one is led to the Milankovitch theory of climate variations (\citet{Milankovic1920}). The role of other bodies in the solar system, mainly the large and remote Jovian (ice) planets, must be taken into account (\textit{e.g.} \citet{Laskar2004}; \citet{Laskar2011}), for they excite responses in eccentricity at very long periods (\textit{e.g.} 400 kyr). As is the case for the top, changes in Earth rotation perturb its revolution about the Sun. \\

Laplace's "classical" formulation of the theory is formally identical to the "modern" formulation recalled above (\citet{Lambeck2005}). But it leads to a different interpretation (reading). \citet{Laplace1799}, page 74, system D,  deduces from the fundamental law of dynamics a system of equations that can be shown to be identical to (\ref{eq:02}). It reads (\citet{Laplace1799}, page 74, system D):
\begin{subequations}
\begin{equation}
	\begin{aligned}
		\textrm{d}p^{'} + \dfrac{B-A}{AB}.q^{'} r^{'}  \textrm{dt}&= \textrm{dN}.\cos(\theta)- \textrm{dN}^{'} .	\sin(\theta)\\
		\textrm{d}q^{'} + \dfrac{C-B}{CB}.r^{'}p^{'} \textrm{dt}&= -\{\textrm{dN}.\sin(\theta)+ \textrm{dN}^{'}.		\cos(\theta)\}.\sin(\phi) + \textrm{dN}^{''}.\cos(\phi)\\
		\textrm{d}r^{'} + \dfrac{A-C}{AC}.p^{'}q^{'}\textrm{dt}&= -\{\textrm{dN}.\cos(\theta)+ \textrm{dN}^{'}.\sin(\theta)\}.\cos(\phi) + \textrm{dN}^{''}.\sin(\phi)\\
	\end{aligned}
	\label{eq:03a}
\end{equation}

	On the left side of (\ref{eq:03a}), (\textit{p,q,r}) stand for the Euler angles ($\omega_1$, $\omega_2$ and $\omega_3$) of equations (\ref{eq:01}) and (\textit{p',q',r'}) = (\textit{Cp, Aq, Br}), still with (\textit{A,B,C}) being the Earth's moments of inertia. Let (\textit{x, y, z}) be the coordinates of the Earth's center of gravity, (\textit{x',y',z'}) the coordinates of a mass element $dm$ of Earth. Then:
\begin{equation}
	\begin{aligned}
		\int (\dfrac{x^{'}dy^{'} - y^{'}dx^{'} }{dt}). dm &= N \\
		\int (\dfrac{x^{'}dz^{'} - z^{'}dx^{'} }{dt}). dm &= N^{'} \\
		\int (\dfrac{y^{'}dz^{'} - z^{'}dy^{'} }{dt}). dm &= N^{''}
	\end{aligned}
	\label{eq:03b}
\end{equation}

are classical expressions for the second order inertia tensor. $\theta$ and $\psi$  are as defined is \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}} \ref{Fig:01}. How can \textit{N, N'} and\textit{ N"} be evaluated without knowing the motions of all particles $dm$ in and out of the Earth? In a bold move, \citet{Laplace1799}, volume 1, book 5, page 305, paragraph 3, assumes that \textit{dN}, \textit{dN'} and \textit{dN"} can be computed from the positions and motions of the celestial bodies that act on it.\\

Laplace starts with the Sun, its mass \textit{L} and distance \textit{r$_1$}. (\ref{eq:03a}) becomes:
\begin{equation}
	\begin{aligned}
		dp + \dfrac{B-A}{C}.q.r.dt &= \dfrac{3L}{r_1^5}.(\dfrac{B-A}{C})x.y\\
		dq + \dfrac{C-B}{A}.r.p.dt &= \dfrac{3L}{r_1^5}.(\dfrac{C-B}{A})y.z\\
		dr + \dfrac{A-C}{B}.p.q.dt &= \dfrac{3L}{r_1^5}.(\dfrac{A-C}{B})x.z\\
	\end{aligned}
	\label{eq:03c}
\end{equation}

This system is close to that proposed by \citet{Guinot1976}, page 530, system 1:
\begin{equation}
	\begin{aligned}
		A \dot{p} + (C-A)qr & = L_t\\
		B \dot{q} + (A-C)rp & = M_t\\
		C \dot{r} + (B-A)pq & = N_t\\
	\end{aligned}
	\label{eq:03d}
\end{equation}
\end{subequations}
Changing the directions of the axes and since \textit{B} $\sim$ \textit{A}, (\ref{eq:03c}) and (\ref{eq:03d}) are equivalent. But for Laplace, all terms on the right side are celestial (astronomical), whereas for Guinot the torques $L_t$,  $M_t$ and  $N_t$ (not to be mistaken for \textit{N} in \ref{eq:03a}) can be external or internal to the Earth. For the Laplace formulation, one must take into account all planets that can produce effects one wants to account for. For instance, Laplace gives the full equations with the Sun and Moon included:
\begin{subequations}
\begin{equation}
\theta = h + \dfrac{3m}{4n}.(\dfrac{2C-A-B}{C})
\left\{
 	\begin{array}{lll}
		    &\dfrac{1}{2}.\sin(\theta).[\cos(2\nu) + \dfrac{\lambda m}{m'}\cos(2\nu')] \\
        	& -(1+\lambda).m.\cos(\theta).\Sigma \dfrac{c}{f}.\cos(ft+\varsigma) \\
        	& + \dfrac{\lambda c'}{f'}.\cos(\theta).\cos(f' t + \varsigma')
 	\end{array}
\right.
\label{eq:04a}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
 \begin{array}{ll}
\dfrac{d \psi}{dt} &=  \dfrac{3m}{4n}.(\dfrac{2C-A-B}{C}) * \\
&\left\{
 \begin{array}{lll}
        & (1+\lambda).m.\cos(\theta) - \dfrac{\cos(\theta)}{2}.\dfrac{d}{dt}[\sin(2\nu) + \dfrac{\lambda m}{m'}.\sin(2\nu')]\\
        &  (1+\lambda).m.\dfrac{\cos^2(\theta)-\sin^2(\theta)}{\sin(\theta)}.\Sigma c.\cos(ft+\varsigma)\\
        &  \lambda .m\dfrac{\cos^2(\theta)-\sin^2(\theta)}{\sin(\theta)}. c'.\cos(f't+\varsigma')
    \end{array}
\right.
 \end{array}
\label{eq:04b}
\end{equation}
\end{subequations}

The inclination $\theta$ of the rotation axis has the current value \textit{h} in (\ref{eq:04a}). $\dfrac{d\psi}{dt}$ is linked to the Earth's rotation, therefore to the lod. On the right side of (\ref{eq:04a} and \ref{eq:04b}) are the ephemerids and masses of the Moon and Sun that enter the classical theory of gravitation (see Appendix A in \citet{Lopes2021} for more details). Length of day and polar inclination are clearly connected by equations (\ref{eq:04a} and \ref{eq:04b}). Thus, Laplace reduces the problem to a system of two equations for the inclination and time derivative of the declination of the Earth's rotation axis. $\theta$ and $\dfrac{d\psi}{dt}$ (and the norm that can be considered as a known constant) give the direction of the polar rotation axis and its variations. The time difference (in ms) between the theoretical and measured Earth rotation is proportional to $\dfrac{\psi}{v}$, $v$ being the rotation velocity (and the Earth's radius is a constant). Either $\psi$ alone, or $v$ alone, or both can vary. We assume the former, since the mean rotation rate apparently remains constant, as was already noted above, and equation (\ref{eq:04b}) implies studying the time derivative of declination of the rotation axis, thus studying a quantity that is linearly related to the derivative of lod.

\section{Confronting the theory with the observations}
\citet{Stephenson1984} have compiled the reference data for lod from 700AD onwards. This has allowed \citet{Gross2001} to build a monthly data set of lod from 1832 to 1997 (LUNAR97). We have combined it with the daily data provided by \textbf{IERS} (\textit{International Earth Rotation Service}) since 1962\footnote{https://www.iers.org/IERS/EN/DataProducts/data.html}. \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}} (\ref{Fig:02}) shows the two data sets, and their (smoother) trends (the red curve). In order to determine these trends, we have applied Singular Spectrum Analysis (\textbf{SSA}; see \citet{Golyandina2013}; \citet{Lemmerling2001}; \citet{Golub1971}). The trends are the first, leading (in terms of pseudo-period and amplitude) components of the data series. The trends of the two series are smoothly continuous where they meet (1962).\\

The data for the $ m_1$ and $m_2$ components of polar motion since 1846 are also available from \textbf{IERS} and are shown in  \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}}  \ref{Fig:03a}. Their respective trends, extracted by \textbf{SSA}, are shown in \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}} \ref{Fig:03b}. $m_1$ and $m_2$ are used to compute a global trend of \textbf{m} ($= m_1 + im_2$), called the Markowitz drift (\citet{Markowitz1968}). This is displayed in  \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}}  \ref{Fig:04a} as a thinner gray curve, and compared to the Morrison/IERS trend of lod (thicker black curve). These curves are in excellent agreement with previous determinations (by \textit{e.g.} \citet{Stoyko1968}; \citet{Hulot1996}), though they are smoother due to \textbf{SSA} extraction. We recall that the Markowitz drift is one of the three main components of polar motion along with the Chandler free oscillation and the forced annual oscillation (\textit{e.g.} \citet{Gibert1998}; \citet{Zotov2012}; \citet{Lopes2021}). The magnitude of the Markowitz drift is on the same order as plate tectonic velocities, that originally made it quite difficult to detect.\\

\begin{figure}
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figure_arxiv/fig_02.eps}}
\caption{Monthly values of length of day data (LUNAR97, 1832-1997; bold black curve) from \citet{Gross2001} and daily values (1962-Present, gray curve) from \textbf{IERS}. Superimposed are their}
\label{Fig:02}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
	\begin{subfigure}[b]{\columnwidth}
		\centerline{\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figure_arxiv/fig_03a.eps}}
		\caption{The $m_1$ and $m_2$ components of polar motion from \textbf{IERS} (from 1846 to the Present).}
		\label{Fig:03a}
	\end{subfigure}
	\begin{subfigure}[b]{\columnwidth}
		\centerline{\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figure_arxiv/fig_03b.eps}}
		\caption{The trends of components $m_1$ and $m_2$ from 1846 to the Present, extracted using \textbf{SSA}.}
		\label{Fig:03b}
	\end{subfigure}
	\caption{Polar motion from \textbf{IERS}}
\end{figure}

Equations (\ref{eq:04a}) and (\ref{eq:04b}) imply an integrative link between  $\theta$ and$\dfrac{d\psi}{dt}$ , that is polar motion and length of day. On \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}} \ref{Fig:04b}, we show again the lod curve pictured in \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}} \ref{Fig:04a} (thicker black curve) and the derivative of the Markowitz drift (thinner gray curve). Despite extraction by the \textbf{SSA} method, the lod curve is still affected by higher frequency variations. This may be due to the fact that the sampling rate jumps from monthly to daily in 1962 and to the presence of a derivative (that is a high-pass filter). We smooth further (moving average windows of 10 years) the lod curve (thicker black curve; \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}} \ref{Fig:04c}) that is displayed with the derivative of the Markowitz drift already shown in \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}} \ref{Fig:04b} (thinner gray curve). \\

The two curves of \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}} \ref{Fig:04c} are quite similar, with a lag of about a decade (lod and polar motion being in quadrature). This is consistent with the integration link between the two. We have computed the relative phase and amplitude variations that would put the two curves in best agreement (normalized to take care of the different units). We have done this by applying the simulated annealing technique (\citet{Kirkpatrick1983}) in order to bring the pole motion curve of \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}} \ref{Fig:04c} (gray curve) into superposition with lod (black curve). \\

\begin{figure}[h]
	\begin{subfigure}[b]{\columnwidth}
		\centerline{\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figure_arxiv/fig_04a.eps}}
		\caption{Comparison of the trends of the Morisson/\textbf{IERS} lod (black) and of polar motion \textbf{m} (gray)}
		\label{Fig:04a}
	\end{subfigure}
	\begin{subfigure}[b]{\columnwidth}
		\centerline{\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figure_arxiv/fig_04b.eps}}
		\caption{Comparison of the trend of the Morisson/\textbf{IERS} lod (black) and of the derivative of the Markowitz drift (gray).}
		\label{Fig:04b}
	\end{subfigure}
	\begin{subfigure}[b]{\columnwidth}
		\centerline{\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figure_arxiv/fig_04c.eps}}
		\caption{Comparison of the smoothed trend of the Morisson/\textbf{IERS} lod (black) and of the derivative of the Markowitz drift (gray).}
		\label{Fig:04c}
	\end{subfigure}
		\caption{Polar motion from \textbf{IERS}}
\end{figure}

 \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}} \ref{Fig:05} shows the results, the amplitude and phase shift respectively at the top and bottom. We do not display the results of this inversion on waveforms since they are practically superposable (the dynamic time warping algorithm calculates the modulations of phase and amplitude of the operator that transforms the black curve of \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}} \ref{Fig:04c} into the gray curve; the end result is two curves that are identical to 99\%). The scaling factor (or amplitude of the operator) required to transform the normalized polar motion to the normalized lod ranges between 0.6 and 1.6 and averages 1.03 $\pm$ 0.30: to first order, the amplitudes of the two geophysical quantities \textbf{m} and lod evolve in parallel. The larger differences occur between 1870 and 1890, and a century later between 1970 and 1990 (\textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}} \ref{Fig:05} top).  The largest "jump" in both lod (4 ms) and pole motion (8.10-3 "/yr) takes place between 1870 and 1900 (\textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}} \ref{Fig:04c}). The phase shift of that operator ranges between 6 and 16 years and averages 10.7 $\pm$ 3.0 yr. Note that during the period between 1920 and 1940, when the amplitude factor is close to a minimum ($\sim$ 0.7), the Chandler free oscillation of polar motion suffers a well-known phase jump of $\pi$.

\begin{figure}
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figure_arxiv/fig_05.eps}}
\caption{Scaling factor (top) and phase shift (bottom) of the operator that brings the two curves of Figure \ref{Fig:04c} in best agreement from 1846 to the Present.}
\label{Fig:05}
\end{figure}

\section{Discussion and concluding remarks}
Passing from the "classical" system of equations (\ref{eq:04a} and \ref{eq:04b}, \citet{Laplace1799}) to the "modern" system of equations (\ref{eq:02}, \textit{e.g.} \citet{Lambeck2005}) is not complicated but is rather lengthy. There is no contradiction between the two formulations. However, each can be read with its own emphasis. The main difference between what Laplace and Poincaré write, and what Lambeck and Guinot write arises at the step of system (\ref{eq:03a}), leading either to (\ref{eq:02}) or to (\ref{Fig:04a} and \ref{Fig:04b}). How does one account for system (\ref{eq:03b}), that is for the distribution and motions of masses inside or outside Earth, at any place and instant? Laplace solves the point with a hypothesis: if one does not have access to masses and accelerations, one can still determine the force budget. For Laplace, these forces are exclusively external, leading to system (\ref{eq:03c}), and then (\ref{eq:04a} and \ref{eq:04b}) with the Sun and Moon included. As a consequence, internal and external mass motions only serve to dissipate the energy received by polar motion from all celestial bodies (see \citet{Lopes2021}, Appendix 1). With Lambeck and Guinot's formulation (\ref{eq:02}), one has to resort to purely terrestrial forces to explain mantle motions and changes in climate. Emphasis is on the separation between the polar coordinates (polar motion) and the third coordinate (linked to lod), and on determining the excitation functions, that can be external or internal to the Earth. These are mathematical functions that "\textit{include all factors that perturb the rotation motion}" (\citet{Lambeck2005}, page 36). These excitation functions are listed by \citet{Lambeck2005}, page 47: "\textit{the excitation functions consist of contributions from (i) redistribution of mass, (ii) relative motion of matter, and (iii) torques}", the difference between (i) and (ii) being tenuous. For Guinot (system \ref{eq:03d}) the torques can be one or more external and internal actions. \\

In short, in the "modern" presentation, polar motion and length of day are decoupled and correspond to different physical mechanisms, whereas in the "classical" presentation polar motion involves coupling of the inclination of the rotation pole and the derivative of its declination. \\

In a previous \textbf{SSA} analysis of lod using more than 50 years of \textbf{IERS} observations, \citet{LeMouel2019a} find nine components, all likely astronomical – thus external to the Earth ("trend", $\sim$ 80 yr, 18.6 yr, 11 yr, 1 year, 0.5 yr, 27.54 days, 13.66 days, 13.63 days, 9.13 days). The QBO at 2.36 yr is interpreted as a Sun-related oscillation. The lunar components at 13.63 and 13.66 days could contain a solar contribution. The longer periods, 1 yr, 11 yr, 18.6 yr and ~80 yr (Markowitz, \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}} \ref{Fig:04c}) are common to lod and polar motion. If the link between the two is as established by \citet{Laplace1799}, then the straightening of the inclination of the axis of rotation would accompany a decrease in lod. The Earth indeed straightens up (\textit{cf.} \citet{Stoyko1968} and \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}}  \ref{Fig:03b}). Also, if this link is valid, all the components with extraterrestrial periods should be present in the series of sunspots; and indeed they are (\textit{e.g.} \citet{Courtillot2021}). As far as quasi annual components of sunspots are concerned, there is no exact 1 yr line, but two nearby lines with periods 0.93 and 1.05 yr (\citet{LeMouel2020}, Table 01), that could be luni-solar commensurabilities ((365.25-28)/365.25 = 0.92 and (365.25+28)/365.25 = 1.07, 28 days being the Moon's synodic period (\textit{cf.} \citet{Courtillot2021}; \citet{Lopes2021}; \citet{Bank2022}). Can a sufficiently strong source of energy be found? Indeed it has been known for some time (\textit{e.g.} \citet{Dickman1989}; \citet{Chao1995}; \citet{Varga2005}) that the components with luni-solar periods found above account for 95\% of the total variance of the lod signal (\citet{LeMouel2019a}). \\

Another benefit of using the original Laplace approach is the determination of the period of the Euler free oscillation. In one of the first analyses of actual observations of polar motion, \textcolor{blue}{Chandler (1891a, 1891b)} discovered the wobble that now bears his name. Chandler wrote that "\textit{the general result of a preliminary discussion is to show a revolution of the earth's pole in a period of 427 days.}" The observed period of this free oscillation is much larger than the theoretical value of 306 days, even more so now that the period has reached about 433 days (\textit{e.g.} \citet{Zotov2012}; \citet{Lopes2017}). As noted at the end of section 3, the envelope of the Chandler oscillation is strongly modulated, reaching a quasi-minimum around 1930 with its well known phase jump of $\pi$. The duration and the modulation of the Chandler wobble require a source of excitation. Earth elasticity, large earthquakes (\textit{e.g.} \citet{Mansinha1967}; \citet{Dahlen1971}; \citet{OConnell1976}; \citet{Gross1986}), or external forcing by the fluid envelopes (\textit{e.g.} \citet{Rochester1984};\citet{Gross2000};\citet{Aoyama2001}; \citet{Brzezinski2002}; \citet{Desai2002}; \citet{Lambeck2005}, chapter 7) have been successively invoked. \\

In the more classical reading of Laplace, still considering an elastic (or plastic) Earth, we have seen that the equations (\ref{eq:04a}) and (\ref{eq:04b}) allow one to calculate the period of the Euler free oscillation. This oscillation actually varies with the pole inclination $\theta$ from 306 to 578 days. A transition to a double period ($\sim$ 430 and ($\sim$ 433 days:) has taken place at the time of the 1930 phase jump of the Chandler oscillation; this can be accounted for by variations in polar inclination (\textit{cf.} \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}} \ref{Fig:04c}). As is the case for a top, as recalled in section 2, the various rotations (precession, etc…) vary with the inclination of the rotation axis. \\

\textcolor{blue}{Laplace's (1799)} calculations and conclusions have been confirmed, prominently by \citet{Poincare1899}. Based on these equations, a link between the rotations and the torques exerted by the planets of our solar system is expected. Indeed, we have shown elsewhere the influence of Jovian planets on the Sun (sunspots, \textit{cf.} \citet{Courtillot2021}), and Earth (\citet{Lopes2021}, Figure 11). In the latter paper, we show the similarity between the envelope of the Chandler oscillation and the ephemerids of Neptune. Figure 03 of \citet{Lopes2021}, reproduced here as \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}} \ref{Fig:06}, shows the remarkable agreement between the sum of forces exerted by the four Jovian planets and the $m_1$ component of polar motion. \\

As far as the length of day is concerned, we have seen in \textcolor{blue}{\textit{Fig.}} \ref{Fig:02} that since 1970 it tends to decrease, \textit{i.e.} the Earth's velocity of rotation tends to increase. The same phenomena envisioned above (earthquakes, variations in the fluid envelopes,…) are seen as potential causes of this trend (e.g \citet{Rochester1984}; \citet{Gross2004}; \citet{Landerer2007}; \citet{Chen2019}; \citet{Afroosa2021}). Also, the recent acceleration of rotation velocity, that contradicts previous models, may find a simple explanation with Laplace's formalism (\textit{e.g.} \citet{Trofimov2021}). In closing, we emphasize that all these results are based on actual data and the validity of Laplace's astronomical hypothesis, not on a model.

\begin{figure}
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figure_arxiv/fig_06.eps}}
\caption{Top curve (in black): the sum of the forces of the four Jovian planets affecting Earth (ephemerids from the \textbf{IMCCE}). Middle curve (in red): the $m_1$ component of polar motion (1980–2019), reconstructed with \textbf{SSA} and with the trend (Markowitz) removed. Bottom: superposition of the 2 curves. From \citet{Lopes2021}, Figure 03.}
\label{Fig:06}
\end{figure}

\bibliographystyle{aa}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Виноградов или Винохрадиу (; ; ; ) е град в Украйна, административен център на Виноградовски район, Закарпатска област.

Към 1 януари 2011 година населението на града е 25 481 души.

История

За пръв път селището е упоменато през 1262 година, през 1946 година получава статут на град.

Източници

Външни препратки
 Официален сайт на местната администрация

Градове в Закарпатска област


text:
Helmet-less rider urges cyclists not to follow his lead
BIKE SAFETY: Gayndah Police Acting Sergeant Brian Nugent with Herb Taylor, who has an exemption from wearing a helmet due to medical reasons. Alex Treacy
11th Jul 2019 5:00 AM
GAYNDAH'S Herb Taylor is hard to miss.
Frequently shirtless, the most gregarious person you will likely meet can often be seen pedalling through town, his long grey hair waving in the wind.
But where is his helmet?
For Mr Taylor, wearing a helmet is not possible due to a combination of medical conditions, including arthritis.
He has explained his situation to Gayndah's Acting Sergeant Brian Nugent and has received a special exemption from riding with a helmet, but wants to make sure people don't follow his lead, especially students of the three local schools.
"Three years ago, I contacted every principal to ensure students were not following my example of not wearing a helmet on pushbikes," Mr Taylor said.
He said the majority of motorists in Gayndah were good drivers, but also noted that a major highway ran through the middle of town.
Sgt Nugent said that traditionally, residents had been good at wearing their helmets, but there would "always be the few".
He said he would typically give a warning the first time he caught someone not wearing a helmet while on a bike, before issuing an infringement notice if the behaviour continued.
"It's a safety thing. The legislation exists, it's not there on a whim, it is a proven safety measure," Sgt Nugent said.
Mr Taylor said he was happy he had the chance to explain why he didn't wear a helmet.
"If I can save even one person, then it will be worth it," he said.
Drowned girl among 11 on yacht 'home'
brian nugent
gayndah police
bike riding brian nugent cyclists gayndah gayndah police helmets


A reflective essay is merely a fictional structure that is normally written by students within a English class. For the moment, nevertheless, beginners are going to learn the essential essay arrangement. Essay writing doesn't should be difficult. The test article should have the ability to reveal great standard syntax. A pupil can similarly add illustrative details in his or her article. Clearly, 1 alternative to swiftly comprehend what's required for the sort of article you are asked to write will be to acquire some sort of test essay composing to utilize as helpful information. What you find yourself performing here considerably relies upon the form of article you're considering writing. A good deal of planning ought to get into your composition before you begin composing it. It really is the type of paper you'd write before composing a remedy paper. Making a modification plan isn't an effortless job, but it's a critical process if you would like to ensure your document has fulfilled the requirements of the teacher and also the essay prompt.
He produced a win-win option for his company.
The documents may cover every prospective topic below sunlight. An excellent composition is participating. To start composing a detailed composition, pick the issue you're going to be explaining. Before getting started, there are several things you have to understand about composing an article. The sort of essay you select is going to rely on your assignment alongside your topic. Below are some respectable essay subjects that children may come across simple to create. This might make the essential skeleton and precis of your own composition.
Around the self employed application, get this glow as a unique expertise.
A reflective composition isn't merely a fantastic approach for those instructors to rate the pupil's English creating competence, yet it's additionally a opportunity for a pupil to investigate his singing or imaginative skills. This composition is a favorite in technology and history courses. Frankly, I comprehend a number of indigenous English speakers who may use a small exercise. So studying how to publish decent composition responses is a substantial variable in an excellent grade once you're enrolled in a course. A coherent essay isn't heading to supply you with a challenging time understanding what it's that you will be reading. Imagine you're composing a story. For instance basically'm creating a section about' Character'. An article is wholly based on truth. With a principal subject, the composition will get a center point where you happen to be going to create the remainder of the sentences.
You will see link between balanced materialis exams on dozens of holiday lights below.
It enables you to step back and scrutinize the points you've produced as good as their link with the topic and the whole essay. It was an entire statement which is definitely eye-catching but nonetheless conveys the overall subject of buying essays online the article. They don't have enough time to actually look at each one of these documents, therefore an article's introduction should to be stopping enough to make the readers need to keep reading on. This may generate the reader mo Re interested and concerned within the essay. Not only that, they're called" powerful documents." While documents derive from truth, short stories are derived from fiction. Story documents include tales which are assumed to exemplify a stage. Expository documents may include distinct strategies, including categorization or cause-and-result.


So Chromaggus's effect is such that every successive card that is drawn will have the player draw two copies of it.
If a player draws into fatigue with Chromaggus in play does it act as a 'card' and hence deal the same amount of damage during fatigue ( 1 and then 1) or will it draw increasing damage through fatigue (1 and then 2).
No, Chromaggus does not cause you to take any extra fatigue damage. The wording of the card is "Whenever you draw a card, put another copy into your hand." It doesn't add extra card draws, it only duplicates the card after it is drawn.
In the official BRM reveal stream, they go into fatigue with Chromaggus on the board and only take a single fatigue hit.
Why doesn't Patchwerk take fatigue damage?
When jousting, are minions drawn from your full deck or just the remainder?
Are you healed if you play Reno Jackson in fatigue?


text:
Fordham Series in Medieval Studies
Whose Middle Ages?
Teachable Moments for an Ill-Used Past
Edited by Andrew Albin, Mary C. Erler, Thomas O'Donnell, Nicholas L. Paul and Nina Rowe, Introduced by David Perry, Afterword by Geraldine Heng, Contributions by Sandy Bardsley, Fred Donner, Nicholas L. Paul, Cord Whitaker, Magda Teter, W. Mark Ormrod, Katherine Wilson, Ryan Szpiech, William Diebold, Lauren Mancia, Stephennie Mulder, Sarah Guérin, Pamela Patton, Elizabeth Tyler, David Wacks, Marian Bleeke, Andrew Reeves, Will Cerbone, Maggie Williams, Helen Young, Adam Bishop and J. Patrick Hornbeck II
Series Fordham Series in Medieval Studies
Whose Middle Ages? is an interdisciplinary collection of short, accessible essays intended for the nonspecialist reader and ideal for teaching at an undergraduate level. Each of twenty-two essays takes up an area where digging... Learn More
Published: 1st October 2019
King Alfonso VIII of Castile
Government, Family, and War
Edited by Miguel Gómez, Kyle C. Lincoln and Damian J. Smith, Contributions by Martín Alvira Cabrer, Carlos de Ayala Martinez, Janna Bianchini, Thomas E. Burman, Sam Zeno Conedera, Miguel Gómez, Kyle C. Lincoln, Joseph F. O'Callaghan, Teofilo Ruiz, Miriam Shadis, Damian J. Smith and James J. Todesca
King Alfonso VIII of Castile: Government, Family and War brings together a diverse group of scholars whose work concerns the reign of Alfonso VIII (1158–1215). This was a critical period in the history of the Iberian peninsula,... Learn More
Published: 2nd April 2019
EPUB | £51.00
Ecstasy in the Classroom
Trance, Self, and the Academic Profession in Medieval Paris
By Ayelet Even-Ezra
Ecstasy in the Classroom analyzes the early thirteenth century theological discourse about Paul's rapture and other modes of cognizing God. It reconstructs the perceptions of transformation and self they imply, and demonstrate... Learn More
Published: 4th December 2018
Hardback | £103.00
PDF | £32.00
The French of Outremer
Communities and Communications in the Crusading Mediterranean
Edited by Laura K. Morreale and Nicholas L. Paul
A collection of essays devoted to the culture of the Francophone European crusading states of the eastern Mediterranean. Contributors, including historians of the crusades, Old French literature, and medieval art, each address... Learn More
Published: 10th April 2018
Europe After Wyclif
Edited by J. Patrick Hornbeck II and Michael Van Dussen
This volume brings together scholarship on pan-European late-medieval religious controversy, with particular attention to developments in England, Bohemia, and at general church councils. It builds on recent work by approaching... Learn More
Published: 1st November 2016
Ecclesiastical Knights
The Military Orders in Castile, 1150-1330
By Sam Zeno Conedera
Ecclesiastical Knights is a spirituality study of the three military orders of Santiago, Calatrava, and Alcantara in Leon-Castile from the twelfth to the early fourteenth centuries. It explores the fundamental problem of the... Learn More
Published: 1st May 2015
Eddic, Skaldic, and Beyond
Poetic Variety in Medieval Iceland and Norway
Edited by Martin Chase
Explores the blurring of boundaries between genres (skaldic and eddic), periods (Viking Age, medieval, early modern) and cultures (Icelandic, Scandinavian, English, continental) in Old Norse-Icelandic poetry.... Learn More
Published: 2nd June 2014
Religious Women in Early Carolingian Francia
A Study of Manuscript Transmission and Monastic Culture
By Felice Lifshitz
This study of the intellectual culture of the women's monasteries of the Main Valley during the eighth century, based on analysis of the manuscripts produced and used by women religious, argues that the content of the women's... Learn More
Isaac On Jewish and Christian Altars
Polemic and Exegesis in Rashi and the Glossa Ordinaria
By Devorah Schoenfeld
Rashi's commentary and the Glossa Ordinaria both developed in the late eleventh and early twelfth century with no known contact between them. Nevertheless, they shared a way of reading text that shaped their interpretations of... Learn More
Published: 2nd November 2012
Medieval Poetics and Social Practice
Responding to the Work of Penn R. Szittya
Edited by Seeta Chaganti
This collection responds to the critical legacy of Penn R. Szittya. Its contributors investigate how medieval poetic language reflects and shapes social, political, and religious worlds. In addition to new readings of canonical... Learn More
Published: 1st June 2012
Medieval Education
Edited by Ronald B. Begley and Joseph W. Koterski, S.J.
This volume offers original studies on the subject of medieval education, not only in the formal academicsense typical of schools and universities but also in a broader cultural sense that includes law, liturgy, and the new religious... Learn More
Published: 1st March 2005
Poets of Divine Love
The Rhetoric of Franciscan Spiritual Poetry
By Alessandro Vettori
St. Francis of Assisi (c. 1181-1226) and Jacopone da Todi (c.1236-1306) were but two exemplars of a rich school of mystical poets writing in Umbria in the Franciscan religious tradition. Their powerful creations form a significant... Learn More
Published: 23rd August 2004
Dante For the New Millennium
Edited by Teodolinda Barolini and H. Wayne Storey
The twenty-five original essays in this remarkable book constitute both a state of the art survey of Dante scholarship and a manifesto for new understandings of one of the world's great poets. The fruit of an historic conference... Learn More
Published: 28th October 2003
Medieval Cultures in Contact
Edited by Richard F. Gyug
Medievalists have long considered topics of cultural contact such as antagonism or exchange between western Europe and the Islamic world, the west's debts to Byzantium, European expansion during the Crusades, and Mediterranean... Learn More
Published: 1st January 2002


text:
Q: Sympy nsolve TypeErrors I have two variables.
The variable Eqs_LHS contains the equations
-2*p34 + u1 + u2 + atanh(2*p34 - 1) = 0
-2*p24 + u1 + u3 + atanh(2*p24 - 1) = 0
2*p24 + 2*p34 + u1 + u4 + atanh(-2*p24 - 2*p34 - 1) = 0
2*p24 + 2*p34 + u2 + u3 + atanh(-2*p24 - 2*p34 - 1) = 0
-2*p24 + u2 + u4 + atanh(2*p24 - 1) = 0
-2*p34 + u3 + u4 + atanh(2*p34 - 1) = 0

and the variable unknownP_U contains the symbols (p24, p34, u1, u2, u3, u4)
I want to find a numerical solution to this system of equations using
sympy.nsolve(), which requires an initial guess vector.
If I use
nsolve(Eqs_LHS, unknownP_U, (0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1))

Or with a similar initial guess vector, I get a TypeError:
TypeError: <lambda>() takes exactly 6 arguments (1 given)
If instead I use a numpy array or a list as a initial guess vector, I get a different TypeError:
TypeError: cannot create mpf from array

Does anyone know how I can fix this?

A: The following works for me:
from sympy import *
var('p24, p34, u1, u2, u3, u4')

Eqs_LHS = (-2*p34 + u1 + u2 + atanh(2*p34 - 1) ,
-2*p24 + u1 + u3 + atanh(2*p24 - 1) ,
2*p24 + 2*p34 + u1 + u4 + atanh(-2*p24 - 2*p34 - 1) ,
2*p24 + 2*p34 + u2 + u3 + atanh(-2*p24 - 2*p34 - 1) ,
-2*p24 + u2 + u4 + atanh(2*p24 - 1) ,
-2*p34 + u3 + u4 + atanh(2*p34 - 1) )

unknownP_U = (p24, p34, u1, u2, u3, u4)

sol = nsolve(Eqs_LHS, unknownP_U, (0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1))
print(sol)

No errors. The output has some complex numbers.