text:
Q: Creating an auto result search bar I'm trying to create a search bar that will show me titles of posts when the user types into the text field.
I'm completely new to this and I really don't know how to go about doing this. What would I do?
Here is the text input html element:
<input type='text' id='searchField' class='pushLeft tabRight hide' onKeyUp="autoSearch('<?php echo esc_js(site_url()); ?>')"/>

And here is the javascript, which I'd like to point out is in a folder called "js" and in that is my javascript file "general.js:"
function autoSearch(link)
{
    $("#searchResults").width($("#searchArea").width());
    if($("#searchField").val() != "")
    {
        $.post(link,{autoSearch:"", value:$("#searchField").val()},function(data){
            $("#searchResults").show();
            $("#searchResults").html(data.everything);
        },"json");
    }
    else
    {
        $("#searchResults").hide();
    }
}

Then in functions.php I have the following section of code:
isset( $_POST['autoSearch'] ) && add_action( 'after_setup_theme', 'wpse_60353_autosearch' );
    function wpse_60353_autosearch()
    {
        global $wpdb;

        $searchQuery = mysql_escape_string($_POST['value']);

        $mypostids = $wpdb->get_col("SELECT ID FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE post_title LIKE '$searchQuery' LIMIT 5");

        $args = array('post__in='.$mypostids);

        $res = new WP_Query($arg);

        $titles ="";

        while ( $res->have_posts() ) : $res->the_post();
            $titles .= get_the_title().'
';
        endwhile;

        echo json_encode(array("everything"=>"hello"));

        wp_reset_postdata();

        exit; // All done, stop WP continuing
    }

I get a POST response saying this:
301 Moved Permanently

A:
Then "autoSearch.php" has this code:

If that's all there is, no wonder you get an error - WP isn't even loaded!
Add this to your functions.php
isset( $_POST['autoSearch'] ) && add_action( 'after_setup_theme', 'wpse_60353_autosearch' );
function wpse_60353_autosearch()
{
    // The autoSearch.php code you posted in your question

    exit; // All done, stop WP continuing
}

Now just use the main URL for your AJAX request. The function will intercept the default WordPress runtime & return your data as expected.
$.post( "<?php echo esc_js( site_url() ) ?>" ...

Using this technique means you'll have access to all of WP inside wpse_60353_autosearch, without having to point to an external file & dirtily loading WP with something like require '../../../wp-load.php (or similar).

Update: Firstly, I would strongly advise to use something like typewatch - using onkeyup will fire a request far too often for what you need; it'll annoy the user not to mention overload the server.
Secondly, I've noticed an error in your query:
$args = array( 'post__in='.$mypostids ); // This concats your IDs array to a string
$args = array( 'post__in' => $mypostids ); // See the difference?

In fact, I would rewrite it to use the initial result - saves querying & should lighten things up:
isset( $_POST['autoSearch'] ) && add_action( 'after_setup_theme', 'wpse_60353_autosearch' );
function wpse_60353_autosearch()
{
    global $wpdb;

    $query = like_escape( $_POST['autoSearch'] );
    $posts = $wpdb->get_results( $wpdb->prepare( "
        SELECT * FROM $wpdb->posts
        WHERE
            post_status = 'publish' AND
            post_title LIKE %s AND
            post_type IN ( 'post', 'page' )
        ORDER BY
            post_date DESC
        LIMIT 5",

        "%$query%"
    ));

    // update_post_caches( &$posts, $post_type, $update_term_cache, $update_meta_cache )
    update_post_caches( $posts, 'post', false, true );

    $titles = array();
    foreach ( $posts as $post )
        $titles[] = get_the_title( $post->ID );

    header( 'Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8' );
    echo json_encode( array( 'everything' => implode( '
', $titles ) ) );
    exit;
}

And for your JS:
function autoSearch( link )
{
    var $results = $( "#searchResults" ).width( $( "#searchArea" ).width() ), s = $( "#searchField" ).val();
    if ( s != "" ) {
        $.post( link, { autoSearch: s }, function ( data ) {
            $results.show().html( data.everything );
        }, "json" );
    } else {
        $results.hide();
    }
}

Note that I have tested this code on my own install & can confirm it functions as expected: typing a search term displays a maximum of 5 found titles, otherwise the results div is hidden if no results.


I love hands on math. Don't hand me a piece of white paper with black numbers, hand me an abacus, counting back money, cuisinart rods. One of my favorite aspects about "Arithmetic Village" is the Math manipulative kit which contains jewels, sacks and a treasure chest. I find showing math concepts and playing with them help me and my right brained friends tremendously.
While I was reviewing the main lesson plans for King David Divide recently, I pondered for some time, trying to conceive of the main activity. It is easy to teach division by acting out sharing jewels, but I was trying to bring that lesson into a two-dimensional platform.
Then it came to me – Paper dolls! I mean who doesn't like to play with paper dolls?
I immediately started finding villagers and adding them to an easy paper doll format to print. I created a simple paper doll for King David Divide (the thoughtful wise King who divides jewels fairly throughout the village) and a paper-doll of the King's dog, Rover (he represents remainder).
I combined these dolls with a laminated "playsheet" to keep track of the numbers, and this is all you need to introduce and practice basic division.
The free downloads are available on King David's page under "Teach", or you could have lots of fun creating your own paper dolls at home! You can even make them look like people from your own family!


text:
Break a bad habit simply by changing how you speak about it
Nicole Bailey // Business // 13th Nov 2017
Running a busy business comes with a whole stack of pressure. Sometimes being busy can be a great excuse to skip the gym or grab a coffee and chocolate croissant for breakfast 5 days in a row.
Good habits can be the foundation of your success. This includes things like leaving work at work, going to the gym to look after your physical and mental health, making time to see family and friends outside of work hours, and reading positive books to help improve yourself and your business. Bad habits, however, can cripple our goal setting efforts and can sabotage our self-confidence just as much. I guess if we each looked at ourselves we could each find one bad habit we need to break - probably even more than one.
Turns out science can help you break some bad habits and it increases your chances of success by up to 8 times. It's as simple as using the words "I don't" instead of "I can't".
Who knew changing a habit could be so simple!?
Dr Vanessa Patrick, Professor of Marketing at University of Houston, found in her research that this little trick will make huge changes. The research is based on insights of language and self talk, specifically the self-talk and feedback mechanism "that either enhances or impedes our goal oriented behavior."
Changing a phrase or framing a refusal as "I don't" instead of "I can't" empowers you to be more successful at resisting the desire to do that particular thing.
Let's consider this example, "I don't eat pizza" vs "I can't eat pizza". Saying, "I don't" provides you with more self-control and is three time more effective than saying "No" and 8 times more effective that saying "I can't".
The power of self-talk can make positive change in all areas of your life. Try it today with some bad habits you've picked up. Say after me: I don't skip the gym, I don't eat pizza and I don't eat chocolate croissants everyday.
Tags: Business Tips, Staff
Business Tips, Staff

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Startling message delivered live by Dr. Jack Van Impe.
The shocking truth about prophetic events unfolding around the world today is presented in perhaps the single most electrifying message ever delivered by Dr. Jack Van Impe!
-Who has set in motion a requirement for everyone to have a microchip implanted under their skin? What's the timetable?
-What role does the European Union play in latter-day events?
-How is the new world government fulfilling the final prophecy today?
-What events follow the Rapture?
-How does Israel and specifically Jerusalem fit into Bible prophecy?
-How will Russia, China and Iran play a part in the fulfillment of end-of-the-age prophecies?
-What else must happen before Christ returns?
-When will the Lord return?


text:
The Magic of Words: How the Harry Potter Series Shaped a Generation
"Is this the moment?"—Harry Potter, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
There are some moments in our lives that we remember forever—defining moments we can recall with crystal clarity as having shaped our lives in a certain way. However, it is far easier to recognize such moments in hindsight than as they happen.
When I was nine years old, my friend and I had a sleepover. We both liked to read before bed, but I'd forgotten to bring a book.
"Here," my friend said, grabbing a book off her nightstand. "You can read this one."
I was already an avid reader, but this book was different, somehow, and although I didn't know at the time how much it would impact my life, I knew it was special. I stayed up long after my friend had fallen asleep, hiding my head under the covers and reading by flashlight so as not to wake her. I only put the book down when I could no longer hold my eyes open.
The book was Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, the first book in the Harry Potter series and, though I didn't know it yet, the beginning of a life-long journey.
"Words are, in my not-so-humble opinion, our most inexhaustible source of magic."—Albus Dumbledore, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2
It's safe to say most people have at least heard of the Harry Potter series and its staggering success over the years. It has received worldwide recognition, countless awards, and set many records. With 500 million books sold in 80 languages (as announced on Pottermore in February 2018), it's the best-selling book series in history. And, although the final book in the series was published in 2007, the books continue to evolve even today, with new covers, editions, illustrations, and translations being released from time to time.
So, what makes this series different from similar literature? Over the years, people have offered many different explanations for the series' popularity, and while it's hard to pinpoint the exact formula that led to its extraordinary success, there are some prominent contributing factors.
First of all, the series gave new life to the fantasy genre—which, at the time of Harry Potter's introduction, was beginning to stagnate and fall out of favor with readers—by offering something both unique and accessible, as there were precious few fantasy stories written for children.
Harry Potter also revolutionized the children's publishing industry. Before Harry Potter, many publishers did not view children's literature as a valuable investment. It was uncommon for children's books to be more than approximately 140 pages, as publishers didn't believe children could tackle longer books with a large cast of characters. Additionally, it was unusual for the heroes of children's books to grow older as the series progressed.
However, after the first few book releases, publishers suddenly saw children devouring books that were hundreds of pages long. Moreover, adults were reading Harry Potter as well, not only to make sure it was appropriate for their children but for their own enjoyment. This, too, was rare.
J.K Rowling's writing also contributed to the success of the series. In addition to crafting interesting, complex, and relatable characters, her incredible worldbuilding allows readers to fully immerse themselves in the world she created. The specific details she includes turn the wizarding world into something palpable, letting readers picture it clearly and leaving them with no doubt that such a place could exist. The series combines good old-fashioned escapism with the thrill and newness of childhood discovery.
However, the series offers far more than simple entertainment. It also contains many powerful truths that shape its readers and help them make sense of the world (both real and fictional). It teaches readers about the power of love and friendship, the importance of bravery and standing up for your beliefs, the impact (and harsh necessity) of loss, and the value of acceptance. In fact, a 2014 study found that children who read Harry Potter were more likely to be empathetic and less likely to be prejudiced than their peers.
"Love is the most important force."—J.K. Rowling
Despite all the wonderful qualities of the series and the ways in which it revolutionized the publishing industry, I believe there's a more straightforward reason for Harry Potter's lasting impact. J.K. Rowling said in her emotional speech at the London movie premiere of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2—the final movie installment—that "No story lives unless someone wants to listen. The stories we love best do live in us forever." Therefore, the series' success comes simply because it was (and still is!) loved by so many people.
The Harry Potter books hold far more than just words or stories; they hold memories. I grew up alongside Harry, Ron, Hermione, and the rest of the characters. They were my friends in a way that was different, but no less real, than my other friendships. I spent time with them. I knew them. I loved them.
When I pick up a Harry Potter book, I think of lining up for midnight book releases, the air crackling with excitement and anticipation. I drew lightning-shaped scars on my forehead with red lipstick to fit in with the other costumed patrons. I stayed up late into the night to finish the books, even though I had to get up early for school the next day. I huddled in the treehouse on the school playground with my friends, our heads close together as we discussed plot points and theories while waiting for even the tiniest scrap of information about the next release date to be spread around. I read fanfiction to get through the agonizing three-year wait between The Goblet of Fire and The Order of the Phoenix.
Even the mere mention of Harry Potter calls to mind a specific era and a certain nostalgia for its readers, all of whom have their own unique memories of that time.
"Differences of habit and language are nothing at all if our aims are identical and our hearts are open."—Albus Dumbledore, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
For many of us, the books have become a vital part of our identities. They've influenced who we've become and continue to impact us today.
Additionally, the books have connected us. They've brought us together with other people, creating a diverse, ever-growing family. We're devoted to the books, feeling an instant kinship with anyone who brings up Harry Potter in conversation. The series has introduced countless people to the simple joy of reading. It's also inspired art, relationships, and even spin-off books and movies.
The books have so perfectly captured the struggles, dreams, and secret hopes that many of us have. Without even trying, they've woven themselves tightly into the very fabric of our identities, and it's almost impossible to tell who we'd be without out them.
"All was well."—Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
When Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows—the final book in the series—was released in the summer of 2007, I finished it in three days. As I read the final sentence, I had the distinct sense that my childhood had officially ended.
Like Harry, Ron, and Hermione, I had grown up, matured, and would now go on to different things. It was bittersweet: I wasn't ready for the series to end, but I was so thankful to have been a part of the journey, and I took comfort in knowing it would never truly be over.
Although the books themselves have come to an end, the series will live on forever, and, as JK Rowling said, "Hogwarts will always be there to welcome [us] home."
To me, that's pretty magical.
Topics: Culture Fandom Literature Writing
Rebekah Glupker
Rebekah Glupker is a writing major at Grand Valley State University.
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Home / Politics
Ted Cruz, Others, Slam Cori Bush; Say Representative's Twitter Post was 'Divisive Lies'
By Joshua Summers First Posted: Jul 05, 2021 08:55 PM EDT
Texas Senator Ted Cruz labeled Representative Cori Bush's Twitter claims on the Fourth of July as "divisive lies." Cruz also took to social media as he clapped back against the representative saying that Independence Day in the U.S. is only about freedom for the White people, according to a report from New York Post.
The criticisms on Bush stemmed out from her tweet during Independence Day, arguing that the American freedom celebrated on the Fourth of July was for the White people. She also noted that the U.S. was a stolen land and Black people are still not free.
When they say that the 4th of July is about American freedom, remember this: the freedom they're referring to is for white people.
This land is stolen land and Black people still aren't free.
— Cori Bush (@CoriBush) July 4, 2021
READ NEXT: Sen. Ted Cruz Uses "Monty Python" to Slam VP Kamala Harris on Visiting the Border
Sen. Ted Cruz, Others, Blast Cori Bush Claims on Fourth of July
Cruz posted a Twitter thread, arguing that bush comments on the Fourth of July were hateful. "The Left hates America. Believe them when they tell you this," Cruz said quoting Bush's claims.
Hateful, divisive lies.
The Left hates America. Believe them when they tell you this.
Two years ago, Colin Kaepernick tried to spread the same lies on July 4. I responded with the wisdom of the great abolitionist Frederick Douglass:https://t.co/XPTXlFRrP6 https://t.co/a2PAKMukMa
— Ted Cruz (@tedcruz) July 5, 2021
The Texas senator then mentioned NFL quarterback Colin Kaepernick who tried to "spread the same lies" about Independence Day, including a link to an article. Fox News reported that the link was about a 2019 article when he pushed back the NFL quarterback at that time. Cruz then used the same abolitionist in clapping back against the representative.
2/x Frederick Douglass loved America. He rightly denounced the grotesque evil of slavery, which in 1852 was tragically still legal. But, thanks to the heroic leadership of Douglass & other abolitionists—and a bloody Civil War—we ended that abomination.
Cruz argued that Frederick Douglass denounced the "grotesque evil of slavery" which was still legal in 1852. Furthermore, Douglass' leadership and other abolitionists paved the way for the end of the "abomination." Ted Cruz ended his Twitter thread by speaking urging people to reject fear and anger, as well as fight for the "nation's promise that all men are created equal."
Apart from Ted Cruz, other Republicans also commented on Bush's Fourth of July claims. Representative Byron Donalds, an African American from Florida, said in an interview with Fox that Bush's tweet was "outlandish."
"I look at her tweet, I shake my head, I don't agree, and to be truthful, most Black people don't just agree with that," Donalds said. The lawmaker also noted that the Fourth of July is a celebration of the nation's freedom from British tyranny, which should be celebrated by everybody.
House Freedom Caucus Chairman Andy Biggs from Arizona also ripped Bush off, saying that the representative does not realize how "amazing" American freedom is.
Other Sympathies on Fourth of July
Despite the criticism Bush garnered over her tweet, other politicians also expressed their sympathies on the Fourth of July.
Speak it, @CoriBush!
It's almost as if our entire country has been brainwashed to ignore our history—and how its worst elements continue today—despite our self-congratulatory rhetoric. https://t.co/yJ3PGR8yEU
— Shahid Buttar for Congress (@ShahidForChange) July 4, 2021
Congressional candidate Shahid Buttar seconded Bush's claims saying that the "entire country" was brainwashed to ignore the history of the U.S.
California Representative Maxine Waters also hopped on Twitter and emphasized that African Americans were enslaved in 1776. Waters also questioned to what extent does the equal means in the "Declaration of Independence." "The Declaration of Independence says all men are created equal. Equal to what? Only White men?" asked Waters.
Apart from Waters and Cori Bush, Fox News noted that actress Alyssa Milano, who considered running for Congress on California's fourth district, also posted a TikTok video about the fourth of July, arguing that the U.S. was founded on unjust treatment of Native Americans, Africans, and other people of color.
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WATCH: Rep. Cori Bush's July 4 Tweet is 'Outlandish' and 'Ridiculous': Rep. Donalds - From Fox News
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Tags Ted Cruz, Cori Bush, Twitter, Fourth of July
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WHISPERWEIGHTS HAVE A GAMBIT ALL THEIR OWN. They're soft as suede, smooth as suede, supple as suede. ., yet washable as cotton. Because they are cotton. The very finest in the world. Doesn't that make your next move p a<;tically inevitable? left to right: EUGENIE, about $4; ISLE, about $4; SLEEK, about $5. At fine stores everywhere, or write Gran-.e Glo e Corporation, Gloversville, New York. g randoe WHISPERWEIGHTS f' " ..., '! y ...... F .:..... '. -' ";'" . :;, . ;'.;'. . ,\ .,..., ,....,..,--' , .- " -- , .' I:i-J' _ ?'.. ....,; : '" '- \':;:.:" -l' ": ,,,",, i . , . ,. , ....... . '" .. /'f' ... . 4.;' J - II I .. "f1 . -- . , . .. .. .. ,, . .,( ..... . .. "'.. . . .. :. . . , 'I ,. .. J . .. .. . "if, " .. -. < ;-.1 , , -'. k' . " .. ! ' '? >' ',', "!I -- -..' ( -;.... "'--"' .' , .. .. ,.


Rogers is a city located in northwestern Arkansas. The city was named in honor of Captain Charles Warrington Rogers who was vice president and general manager of the St. Louis-San Francisco Railroad, also known as the Frisco Railroad. When the Frisco Railroad arrived in 1881 the town was established, naming itself after Captain Rogers. The city was the site of the first Wal-Mart, the world's largest retailer. Rogers is also home to the headquarters of Daisy Outdoor Products which is known for its air rifles.
2710 Rife Medical Lane, Rogers, AR 72758.
AT&T Bundles are available in Rogers, Arkansas. You can now bundle your digital TV, high speed Internet and Home Phone services into one package, and enjoy great discounts and the convenience of just one monthly bill. AT&T offers residents of Rogers, Arkansas the chance to save big while enjoying the latest digital home service technology. If you're in the market for Internet, TV and Phone and live in Rogers, you can take advantage of AT&T deals. Search and compare AT&T offers in Rogers and start saving on digital home services today. With AT&T TV, residents of Rogers, Arkansas can access all the latest entertainment, including an extensive On Demand service with thousands of programming options. Catch up on reality TV shows, movie classics and all the latest family-friendly TV entertainment. AT&T Internet lets you surf and stream the way you want to. Residents of Rogers can enjoy buffer-free Internet access and even watch live TV. There are a number of high speed internet packages available. Plus, AT&T Internet is reliable and secure. AT&T Home Phone service is a great addition to AT&T TV and Internet bundles, allowing Rogers residents to talk more for less. What's more, AT&T Home Phone comes with unlimited nationwide text, a feature that saves you money on cell phone messaging. When you bundle all three digital home services, you enjoy bigger savings and all the benefits of AT&T TV, Internet and Phone.
AT&T High Speed Internet service is available in Rogers, Arkansas. With AT&T Internet it's more affordable than ever before to stay connected, surf, stream and game without breaking the bank or worrying about Internet Security. Residents of Rogers, Arkansas can sign up for AT&T Internet and enjoy fast speeds, big savings and the comfort of Internet Security software. What's more, AT&T High Speed Internet service enables Rogers residents to select the Internet Package that best suits their needs. Whether you and your family simply require a basic connection to surf the web and check email, or you like to stream, game and watch TV online, AT&T Internet service has the package for you. Plus, With the freedom to choose a great Internet package and the peace of mind of knowing that your connection is secure, AT&T Internet offers Rogers a great Internet product, for less.
Entertainment for less from AT&T TV is available in Rogers, Arkansas. AT&T TV packages bring Rogers residents all the latest shows, sports and hit movies, directly to their own home. Gone are the days when you wait weeks if you miss an episode of your favorite series, or you can't find anything to watch - AT&T TV has a wide selection of programming for the whole family, as well as an extensive On Demand service with thousands of entertainment options. Whether you enjoy classics, reality TV, blockbuster movies or just want to keep your kids entertained, AT&T TV service has something for you. Residents of Rogers, Arkansas can now pick the AT&T TV package that meets their entertainment needs, and enjoy advanced technology including TV apps, while saving.


The Five Minute Journal has become one of my favourite daily rituals. I tried it for two years, and this is what happened.
Yes! You can write great copy even if you're not a "good writer". Here's a look at 5 writing tips to stay fresh and creative from the FinTech copywriter Aoife Crean.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Data.SqlTypes;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Server;
using System.Globalization;

namespace prefSQL.SQLSkyline
{

    public class SPRanking
    {
        public string Provider { get; set; }

        public string ConnectionString { get; set; }

        public int RecordAmountLimit { get; set; }

        public Boolean ShowInternalAttributes { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Calculate the skyline points from a dataset
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="strQuery"></param>
        /// <param name="strOperators"></param>
        /// <param name="numberOfRecords"></param>
        /// <param name="sortType"></param>
        [SqlProcedure(Name = "prefSQL_Ranking")]
        public static void GetRanking(SqlString strQuery, SqlString strSelectExtremas, SqlInt32 numberOfRecords, SqlString strRankingWeights, SqlString strRankingExpressions, SqlBoolean showInternalAttr, SqlString strColumnNames)
        {
            SPRanking ranking = new SPRanking();
            ranking.Provider = Helper.ProviderClr;
            ranking.ConnectionString = Helper.CnnStringSqlclr;
            ranking.RecordAmountLimit = numberOfRecords.Value;
            ranking.ShowInternalAttributes = showInternalAttr.Value;
            ranking.GetRankingTable(strQuery.ToString(), false, strSelectExtremas.ToString(), strRankingWeights.ToString(), strRankingExpressions.ToString(), strColumnNames.ToString());
        }

        public DataTable GetRankingTable(string strInput, string strSelectExtremas, string strRankingWeights, string strRankingExpressions, Boolean showInternalAttr, string strColumnNames)
        {
            ShowInternalAttributes = showInternalAttr;
            return GetRankingTable(strInput, true, strSelectExtremas, strRankingWeights, strRankingExpressions, strColumnNames);
        }

        private DataTable GetRankingTable(string strInput, bool isIndependent, string strSelectExtremas, string strRankingWeights, string strRankingExpressions, string strColumnNames)
        {
            string[] selectExtremas = strSelectExtremas.Split(';');
            string[] rankingWeights = strRankingWeights.Split(';');
            string[] rankingExpressions = strRankingExpressions.Split(';');
            string[] columnNames = strColumnNames.Split(';');

            DataTable dtResult = new DataTable();
            string strQuery = CalculateMaxima(strInput, ConnectionString, Provider, selectExtremas, rankingWeights, rankingExpressions, columnNames);
            dtResult = Helper.executeSQL(strQuery, ConnectionString, Provider);

            //Send results if working with the CLR
            if (isIndependent == false)
            {

                if (SqlContext.Pipe != null)
                {
                    Helper.SendDataTableOverPipe(dtResult);
                }
            }

            return dtResult;
        }

        public string GetStoredProcedureCommand(string strQuery, string strSelectExtremas, string strRankingWeights, string strRankingExpressions, string strColumnNames)
        {
            //Quote quotes because it is a parameter of the stored procedure
            strQuery = strQuery.Replace("'", "''");
            strSelectExtremas = strSelectExtremas.Replace("'", "''");
            strRankingExpressions = strRankingExpressions.Replace("'", "''");
            strColumnNames = strColumnNames.Replace("'", "''");

            string strSQLReturn;
            strSQLReturn = "EXEC dbo.prefSQL_Ranking '" + strQuery + "', '" + strSelectExtremas + "', " + RecordAmountLimit + ", '" + strRankingWeights + "', '" + strRankingExpressions + "', " + ShowInternalAttributes + ", '" + strColumnNames + "'";

            return strSQLReturn;
        }

        private string CalculateMaxima(string strInput,  string strConnection, string strProvider ,string[] selectExtremas, string[] rankingWeights, string[] rankingExpressions, string[] columnNames)
        {
            string strSQLReturn = ""; //The SQL-Query that is built on the basis of the prefSQL

            //Add all Syntax before the ORDER BY WEIGHTEDSUM-Clause
            strSQLReturn = strInput.Substring(0, strInput.IndexOf("ORDER BY WEIGHTEDSUM", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) - 1);

            // Set the decimal seperator, because prefSQL double values are always with decimal separator "."
            NumberFormatInfo format = new NumberFormatInfo();
            format.NumberDecimalSeparator = ".";

            string strInternalSelectList = "";

            //Create  ORDER BY clause with help of the ranking model
            string strOrderBy = "ORDER BY ";
            bool bFirst = true;
            for (int i = 0; i < selectExtremas.Length; i++)
            {
                //Read min and max value of the preference
                DataTable dt = Helper.executeSQL(selectExtremas[i], strConnection, strProvider);
                string strMin;
                string strDividor;

                //Do correct unboxing from datatable
                if (dt.Columns[0].DataType == typeof(Int32))
                {
                    double min = (int)dt.Rows[0][0];
                    double max = (int)dt.Rows[0][1];

                    //Write at least one decimal (in order SQL detects the number as double. Otherwise the result will be int values!!)
                    strMin = string.Format(format, "{0:0.0###########}", min);
                    strDividor = string.Format(format, "{0:0.0###########}", max - min);
                }
                else if (dt.Columns[0].DataType == typeof(Int64))
                {
                    double min = (long)dt.Rows[0][0];
                    double max = (long)dt.Rows[0][1];

                    //Write at least one decimal (in order SQL detects the number as double. Otherwise the result will be int values!!)
                    strMin = string.Format(format, "{0:0.0###########}", min);
                    strDividor = string.Format(format, "{0:0.0###########}", max - min);
                }
                else
                {
                    throw new Exception("New Datatype detected. Please develop unboxing for this first!!");
                }

                //Create Normalization Formula, No Delta is needed
                //(Weight * (((attributevalue - minvalue) / (maxvalue-minvalue))))
                //For example: 0.2 * ((t1.price - 900.0) / 288100.0) + 0.01 AS Norm1
                string strNormalization = "(" + rankingWeights[i].ToString(format) + " * (((" + rankingExpressions[i] + " - " + strMin + ") / " + strDividor + ") ))";

                strInternalSelectList = strInternalSelectList + ", (((" + rankingExpressions[i] + " - " + strMin + ") / " + strDividor + ") ) AS RankingAttribute" + columnNames[i];

                //Mathematical addition except for the first element
                if (bFirst)
                {
                    bFirst = false;
                    strOrderBy += strNormalization;
                }
                else
                {
                    strOrderBy += " + " + strNormalization;
                }
            }

            //Add Skyline Attributes to select list. This option is i.e. useful to create a dominance graph.
            //With help of the skyline values it is easier to create this graph
            if (ShowInternalAttributes)
            {
                //Add the attributes to the existing SELECT clause
                string strSQLSelectClause = strInternalSelectList;
                string strSQLBeforeFrom = strSQLReturn.Substring(0, strSQLReturn.IndexOf("FROM", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
                string strSQLAfterFromShow = strSQLReturn.Substring(strSQLReturn.IndexOf("FROM", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
                strSQLReturn = strSQLBeforeFrom + strSQLSelectClause + " " + strSQLAfterFromShow;

            }

            //Add the OrderBy clause to the new SQL Query
            strSQLReturn += " " + strOrderBy;

            return strSQLReturn;
        }

    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
copa centenario
Ecuador holds Brazil to 0-0 tie in Copa America opener
Brazil's Willian, right, avoids a tackle from Ecuador's Arturo Mina in a Copa America Centenario Group B soccer match at the Rose Bowl, Saturday, June 4, 2016, in Pasadena, Calif. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hon)
PASADENA, Calif. -- Neymar showed up at the Rose Bowl for Brazil's Copa America opener against Ecuador, but was unable to influence his teammates from his luxury suite.
Playing without its star attacker, Brazil was held to a scoreless draw with Ecuador on Saturday night in the Copa America opener for both teams at the Rose Bowl.
"We have to get better but watching the game we were only missing the score," Brazil coach Dunga said. "The way we played, being our first game and playing against a good team, was well."
Neymar skipped the tournament because he didn't have permission from Barcelona to play in both Copa America as well as the Olympics in Rio in August.
Ecuador came the closest to scoring in front of the crowd of 53,158, but an apparent goal was waved off as the ball was ruled to have gone out of bounds before the shot. Ecuador coach Gustavo Quinteros was convinced that the goal should have counted.
On the play, Ecuador's Miler Bolanos chased down a ball near the goal line on the right side of the penalty area. Bolanos slipped a ball to the front of the goal, and Brazil's Alisson mishandled the ball and watched it bounce off his hands and into the goal. However, referee Julio Bascunan ruled that the ball crossed the goal line before Bolanos' shot and awarded Brazil a goal kick.
"I saw it 25 times on video replay," Quinteros said. "The entire ball did not go out. About 75-80 percent of it went out."
Dunga meanwhile said he trusted his players' account.
"I couldn't see anything," Dunga said. "It was tough to view. The players who were close to the play said the ball went out."
With the result, Peru finished the day atop Group B after a 1-0 victory over Haiti 1-0 in Seattle earlier Saturday. Group B play resumes Wednesday as Brazil plays Haiti in Orlando while Ecuador will meet Peru in Glendale, Arizona.
Managing the roster has proven to be a challenge for Dunga as he was without several name players aside from Neymar. Bayern Munich's Douglas Costa and Orlando City's Kaka, a former FIFA Player of the Year were among the players ruled out due to injury. With many of the players having played nearly non-stop for the better part of a year, Dunga said it is no mystery why the roster was limited.
"This is a problem that we need to find a solution for," he said. "It's the end of the season for the players. They are very tired from their trips and there were a lot of injuries because of that. But players that are here are very motivated. We definitely believe in these players."
The draw maintained Brazil's dominance over Ecuador in Copa America. Brazil is 12-0-2 against Ecuador in the tournament.
Ecuador came out on the attack and held the ball for most of the first five minutes and threatened the Brazilian goal in the fifth minute, when Enner Valencia sent a shot wide.
Brazil won more of the possession after that early spell. Ecuador goalkeeper Esteban Dreer turned away Brazil's first dangerous opportunity, stopping Phillipe Coutinho's shot from six yards out.
Determined and finding space, Brazil continued to pressure Ecuador but could not get the ball into any positions of danger. Jonas' header in the 15th minute and Coutinho's shot from 25 yards out two minutes later may have put some fear into Ecuador, but each went wide.
Casemiro picked up a yellow card in the 18th minute for elbowing Enner Valencia while both leaped to try and win a header.
After standing its ground, Ecuador won more of the ball in the final 15 minutes of the first half and put Brazil on its heels. Forced to defend hastily, Brazil reacted with a pair of cautions in a three-minute span. First, Elias took down Jefferson Montero after Ecuador countered following Brazil's corner kick. Valencia was unable to capitalize on the ensuing free kick, placing his shot directly at goalkeeper Alisson.
Brazil earned another caution when Gil tripped Valencia after the Ecuadorian fouled him.
Fouls dominated the early moments of the second half. Ecuador's Arturo Mina picked up Ecuador's first yellow card of the match two minutes after the intermission after fouling Coutinho.
Ecuador picked up two more yellow cards in the second half, with Valencia and Jaime Ayovi earning cautions for reckless fouls.
Brazil's Dani Alves donned the captain's armband, replacing club teammate Neymar with the captaincy. Even without Neymar or Douglas Costa, Brazil's lineup was still formidable. Seven of the starters play in Europe, with the likes of Coutinho (Liverpool), Willian (Chelsea) and Casemiro (Real Madrid) on the field.
Click here to view the full Copa America Centenario match schedule and get all the latest stories!
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sportssoccercopa centenariou.s. & worldcopa america
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PHOTOS: Fans pack Houston stadium for USA-Argentina Copa America semifinals


text:
Laguarda Batet, Pepita (1919-1936)
Pepita Laguarda
A short biography of the Spanish anarchist militia woman Pepita Laguarda
Submitted by Battlescarred on February 26, 2016
Pepita Laguarda lived in the Santa Eulalia quarter of L'Hospitalet de Llobregat immediately southwest of Barcelona. This was a working class barrio with three railway lines crossing it and many textile factories.
Pepita joined the anarchist movement at a young age, apparently against the wishes of her parents. She appears to have been active in the Libertarian Youth and to have the anarchist militant Juan Lopez Carvajal as her boyfriend. Juan, who was five years older than her and worked as a typographer, had already served time for his anarchist beliefs.
Accounts of the period describe Pepita as having an enthusiastic and courageous personality, with an ability to maintain a strength and presence of mind.
After the fighting of 20th July 1936, Pepita said to Juan: "At Pedralbes, in the Miguel Bakunin barracks, a column is forming to go to the Aragon front., and I have enrolled as a volunteer". Juan replied : "If you're going there, I'll go with you". They enrolled in the 45 group of the fifth century of the Francisco Ascaso Column on 19th August, Pepita having to escape from home to join.
Within the militia column some comrades tried to persuade her to serve in the rearguard but she always refused this advice, saying that she had joined the militia because she wished to undertake the same dangers and responsibilities as others. Handling her rifle well, she fought heroically on the front line.
On the 1st of September she was engaged in combat for several hours on the outskirts of Huesca when she was grieviously injured at 5.00am. She was moved first to the Vicién hospital for initial treatment and then to the blood hospital of Grañén where she died at 9:30 a.m. She maintained her fortitude to the end.
Her coffin was draped with the red and black flag and members of the Column as well as the entirety of the population of Grañén defiled past. As her disconsolate comrade Juan wrote in a letter to Jaime Balius, journalist for the CNT paper Solidaridad Obrera (and founder member of the Friends of Durruti), her life was dedicated to one objective, to live and die for the social revolution and the liberation of the proletariat (1).
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepita_Laguarda_Batet
http://gimenologues.org/spip.php?article305
(1)An obituary written by Balius based on information supplied by Lopez Carvajal appeared in Solidaridad Obrera, 13 September 1936
Ascaso Column
Mesa, Isabel, 1913-2002
A short biography of Isabel Mesa Delgado, life-long Spanish anarchist.
Inglès, Pepita (1910-1937)
A short biography of Spanish anarchist Pepita Inglès, who fought and died with the Durruti Column.
Silva Cruz, Maria, 1915-1936
A short biography of the iconic figure of Maria Silva Cruz, "La Libertaria," heroine of the Casas Viejas uprising, murdered by the Francoists.
Estorach, Soledad, 1915-1993
A short biography of Soledad Estorach, one of the most dynamic founders and activists of Mujeres Libres.


text:
Q: Mathematical modulus in c# Is there a library function in c# for the mathematical modulus of a number - by this I specifically mean that a negative integer modulo a positive integer should yield a positive result.
edited to provide an example:
-5 modulo 3 should return 1

A: x < 0 ? ((x % m) + m) % m : x % m;

A: Well the definition (if I'm not mistaken) is something like this
a mod b = a - b * floor(a/b)
It's probably pretty slow and beware of integer division just like built in modulus :)
Other option is to modify the result of built-in modulus according to the signs of operands. Something like this:
if(a < 0 && b > 0)
{
    return (a % b + b) % b;
}
else if ....

A: Try (a % b) * Math.Sign(a)
Try this; it works correctly.
static int MathMod(int a, int b) {
    return (Math.Abs(a * b) + a) % b;
}

A: a < 0 ? ((a+1)%b + b-1) : (a%b);

That requires only one % operation (and one ternary op) and no multiplication

A: If you're using any of these algorithms and you need to do division also, don't forget to make sure that you subtract 1 when appropriate.
I.e.,
if -5 % 2 = -1 and -5 / 2 = -2, and if you care that -5 / 2 * 2 + -5 % 2 = -5, then when you calculate -5 % 2 = 1, that you also calculate -5 / 2 = -3.

A: Fix :
(ans=a%b)<0 ? (a<0 && b<0 ? (ans-b)%(-b) : (ans+b)%b) : ans

A: I know the question didn't ask for it, but I just wrote and tested a method which returns the quotient as well. Didn't find this when I was looking for it, so I thought I'd put it out there.
/// <summary>
/// Compute integer quotient and remainder of <paramref name="dividend"/> / <paramref name="divisor"/>
/// where the <paramref name="remainder"/> has the same sign as <paramref name="divisor"/>, and is
/// between zero (inclusive) and the <paramref name="divisor"/> (exclusive). As always,
/// (quotientResult * <paramref name="divisor"/> + <paramref name="remainder"/> == <paramref name="dividend"/>).
/// </summary>
public static int DivRemPeriodic(int dividend, int divisor, out int remainder) {
    var quotient = Math.DivRem(dividend, divisor, out remainder);
    if (divisor > 0 ? remainder < 0 : remainder > 0) {
        remainder += divisor;
        quotient -= 1;
    }
    return quotient;
}

A: Might be the % operator?
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/0w4e0fzs.aspx

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Explore Belize's most iconic dive site, the Belize Blue Hole. A rare and wonderful dive, the Great Blue Hole is a perfectly circular hole surrounded by coral edges and filled with stalactite and limestone cave ridges to depths as deep as 400 feet.
While the snorkelers explore the fringing reefs, divers descend along the wall to a depth of 130 feet. At the depth of 120 feet, divers can clearly see the stalactites which were formed from dripping water when the cave was above sea level. The second dive is done at the Half Moon Caye wall which is known for its abundance of marine life. The seascape is covered with coral sponges, sea fans and a variety of coral which makes for a kaleidoscope of colors. Between our second and third dive, you will visit the sandy shores of Half Moon Caye for lunch on the beach. The most famous inhabitants of this island are its red-footed boobies and frigate birds which nest on the caye. The third dive is done at the "Aquarium." The site is named for the wide variety of small resident reef fish on the reef top and along the edge of the wall.
Distance: This excursion begins early, leaving at about 6am and returning about 5pm. It is located 65 nautical miles from Placencia, approximately 3 hours boat ride.


This custom jacquard ribbon was designed by our multi-talented plant manager in honor of his home, Puerto Rico, where diminutive Coqui frogs are native. Most of us recognize the distinctive shape of their toes, and Coquis are also known as singing frogs, so much so that they appear in the background of several musical works. We put them on a tropical background of green and brown palm trees, and while these bright green and blue frogs won't sing to your dog, they will certainly bring smiles.


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The public servants listed below represent their constituencies. It is our right and privilege to participate in our democracy, by letting our voices be heard. Many times we'll need to draw attention to a problem.
Other times, we might just reach out to say thanks.


text:
Planned Parenthood Official Endorses Right to Kill Babies Born Alive
Sadly, you read that headline correctly. From The Weekly Standard:
Florida legislators considering a bill to require abortionists to provide medical care to an infant who survives an abortion were shocked during a committee hearing this week when a Planned Parenthood official endorsed a right to post-birth abortion.
Alisa LaPolt Snow, the lobbyist representing the Florida Alliance of Planned Parenthood Affiliates, testified that her organization believes the decision to kill an infant who survives a failed abortion should be left up to the woman seeking an abortion and her abortion doctor.
To be clear, sponsor of the bill Republican Rep. Cary Pigman has said his interest in the bill is "solely and strictly to provide care for that infant that is born alive, following any procedure, that it receives full and appropriate resuscitation."
But Snow thinks politicians shouldn't be the ones to decide "what constitutes the best medically appropriate treatment in any given situation." Needless to say, the lawmakers were absolutely stunned:
"So, um, it is just really hard for me to even ask you this question because I'm almost in disbelief," said Rep. Jim Boyd. "If a baby is born on a table as a result of a botched abortion, what would Planned Parenthood want to have happen to that child that is struggling for life?"
"We believe that any decision that's made should be left up to the woman, her family, and the physician," said Planned Parenthood lobbyist Snow.
Rep. Daniel Davis then asked Snow, "What happens in a situation where a baby is alive, breathing on a table, moving. What do your physicians do at that point?"
"I do not have that information," Snow replied. "I am not a physician, I am not an abortion provider. So I do not have that information."
Rep. Jose Oliva followed up, asking the Planned Parenthood official, "You stated that a baby born alive on a table as a result of a botched abortion that that decision should be left to the doctor and the family. Is that what you're saying?"
Again, Snow replied, "That decision should be between the patient and the health care provider."
"I think that at that point the patient would be the child struggling on the table, wouldn't you agree?" asked Oliva.
"That's a very good question. I really don't know how to answer that," Snow said. "I would be glad to have some more conversations with you about this."
Of course Snow doesn't elaborate on what exactly she means by "decision," or rather how the baby should be killed, but she certainly seems to be taking a page from the Kermit Gosnell playbook—hence the type of questioning she received and look of utter shock on many of the lawmakers' faces.
If a baby is born alive and thus becomes the patient as Rep. Jose Oliva suggests, the pro-abortion mantra 'my body, my choice' completely falls apart—since it's not her body anymore, it's no longer only her choice.
But perhaps most disconcerting about this video, and as Carol points out, is the "complete absence of any apparent discomfort at the prospect of post-birth abortion — in other words, infanticide." Planned Parenthood's position is not just extremely disturbing, it's absolutely abhorrent.
Filed under General, Local, National, State, Tea Party Tagged with Abortion, Daniel Davis, Florida, Kermit Gosnell, Physician, Planned Parenthood, Pro Choice, Right to Life, Snow, Weekly Standard
FDA Asks Court To Delay First 55K Batch Of COVID Docs; Pfizer Moves To Join Case
Will The UK's Return-To-Normal Force Biden's Hand?


text:
history of linguistics 20th century
1897: Professor George Hempl was appointed to the newly established Chair of English Philology and General Linguistics. Although the notion of syntactic dependency was unknown in Antiquity, the idea of semantic dependency was foreshadowed in early definitions of the minor parts of speech, i.e., parts of speech other than the noun and the verb. For the first time in history a global language is needed for practical purposes (by scientists, by airline pilots). The fact that a linguistic theory created some 2,400 years ago is fully as adequate as our best theories today must have far-reaching implications for the notion of 'scientific progress'. The science, that is, the general and universal properties, of language. Trends in 20th-century linguistics: an overview (J.E. In the 20th century, philosophy increasingly became professionalized as the period witnessed the development of a number of new philosophical schools including logical positivism, analytic philosophy, phenomenology, existentialism, and post-structuralism. For instance, the Tienanmen Square protests were given a measly 4 sentences of prose, whereas commentary on violence in Northern Ireland could have filled its own separate volume. The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Music, first published in 2004, is an appraisal of the development of music in the twentieth century from the vantage-point of the twenty-first. In the Italian context, he played a fundamental transitional role in two crucial periods: during the crisis of positivism and the … Collinge). In the later half of the 20th century, researchers started to abandon their focus on traditional dialects, instead looking more at urban areas. the history of linguistics from intellectual history in general, and, as a consequence, work in the ... scholars in twentieth-century linguistics and modern intellectual history. History of comparative linguistics (N.E. Koerner). Even more importantly, it is shown that the Indian and the Arab traditions have been superior to the European tradition at least until the 20th century. Mid- to late- 20th Century: Generative Linguistics • Born: December 7, 1928 • Son of a professor of Hebrew • Ph.D. in linguistics from the … And if you have a question that isn't answered here, you can always submit a question that we'll try to answer on our podcast History Unplugged. Related articles 20th century Britain. 0) non-theoretical studies Before the 19th century 1) historical linguistics 19th century 2) structuralism first half of 20th century 3) generative grammar second half of 20th century There is a distinction between general and descriptive linguistics, the former being about concepts and the latter about investigating and describing languages. Gilbert's condensed treatise on the 20th century is masterful. The 20th century was dominated by a chain of events that heralded significant changes in world history as to redefine the era: Spanish flu pandemic, World War I and World War II, nuclear weapons, nuclear power and space exploration, nationalism and decolonization, the Cold War and post-Cold War conflicts; intergovernmental organizations and cultural homogenization through … INTRODUCTION. The differences were and are largely matters of attitude, emphasis, and purpose. On this site, you can find links to our pages and categories featuring everything you'd like to know about 20th-century history. Early developments in linguistics were considered part of philosophy, rhetoric, logic, psychology, biology, pedagogy, poetics, and religion, making it difficult to separate the history of linguistics from intellectual history in general, and, as a consequence, work in the history of linguistics has contributed also to the general history of ideas. As linguistics became established as a separate, independent field of study in the United States (in no small part due the leadership provided by linguists at Michigan), it became clear that an independent Department of Linguistics was needed at the University in order to coordinate both undergraduate teaching and graduate training, and to promote research in linguistics. The history of linguistics in this book is at once disciplined, informative and readable. Linguistics - the study of language…first used in mid - 19th century to distinguish from the traditional approach of philology. History of historical linguistics (N.E. The literary and rhetoric analysis of the workings of human languages also dates back to both … SUMMARYThis paper outlines the history of dependency notions from Antiquity to the present century. English in the late 20th century is in the fortunate position of being the lingua franca at an unusual moment. It is regarded, though, that Ancient India and Greece both played remarkable roles on the formation of grammatical traditions. For more on 20th century Britain, read Francesca Carnevali's 20th Century Britain: Economic, Cultural and Social Change. Collinge). Out of the ordinary opera. 1893-1935: Professor Clarence Linton Meader was the first Linguistics professor at UM- he was Professor of Latin, Sanskrit, Russian, Comparative Philology, and General Linguistics. Posted in 19th century, 20th century, Article, Europe, History, Linguistics Towards a history of concept list compilation in historical linguistics Posted on … Follow the changes in this decade-by-decade timeline of the 20th century. Subsequently, a wider body of work influenced Sanskrit scholars such as Ferdinand de Saussure , … Interestingly, the philosophy of the 20th century is known as contemporary philosophy. Learn the distinctive ideas that characterize 20th-century science, organized into five major themes: matter and energy, the universe, Earth, life, and humanity. Introduction Linguistics is the study of language, sometimes called the science of language. This topic takes us on a journey from the end of Imperialism through two world wars and the Cold War and brings us to our modern world. 20th Century Linguistics. A comprehensive study of linguistics in Poland, both theoretical and applied. Modern linguistics is a fairly young form of discipline as compared to history or philosophy. History and Historiography of Linguistics Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the History of the Language Sciences (ICHoLS IV), Trier, 24–28 August 1987 Volume 2: 18th–20th Century I tried to make a summary of the world history of the twentieth century in a "short" video. Primarily philologists are concerned with historical development of languages as manifest in written texts and in the context of the associated literature and culture. The 100 Best English-Language Nonfiction Books of the 20th Century Updated February 11, 2017 | Infoplease Staff The Board of the Modern Library, a division of Random House, published its selections in April 1999. This century witnessed two world wars, the Great Depression of the 1930s, the Holocaust in Europe, the Cold War, revolutionary social equality movements, and the exploration of space. A brief history of twentieth-century linguistics. He later (in 1915) received an honorary doctorate from UM. Historical linguistics; History; Iconography and analysis of images; Language and text analysis; Language documentation and description; Language technology; Lexicography; ... 20th Century (15) 19th Century (14) 18th Century (14) 17th Century (11) 16th Century (9) 15th Century (5) Middle Ages (6) Late Antiquity (5) Towards a History of Linguistics in Poland: From the early beginnings to the end of the 20th century Studies in the History of the Language Sciences: Amazon.es: Koerner, E.F.K., Szwedek, Aleksander: Libros en idiomas extranjeros Immigration in the Early 20th Century As the city industrialized in the early 20th century, it opened its doors to … Cambridge Core - Twentieth-Century Philosophy - The Cambridge History of Philosophy, 1945–2015 Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. The first five chapters of this volume deal with historical accounts of the development of the various linguistic subfields whilst the following chapters focus on the legacy of one major linguistic thinker. Towards the turn of the century, the young city developed a taste for European high culture, and in 1908 the Colón Theater opened its doors. Some attention to historiography occurred in subfields of linguistics closest to the humanities — linguistic anthropology, historical linguistics, modern European languages — but the 'science of language' developed by Leonard Bloomfield … Facultad de Filosofia y Letras UANL Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to … SUMMARYIn the 1940s and 1950s, the leading proponents of American synchronic linguistics showed little interest in the history of linguistics. Joseph). This body of work became known in 19th century Europe, where it influenced modern linguistics initially through Franz Bopp, who mainly looked at pAnini. ... chapter examines the re-ascendancy of hypothetico-deductive theory over the inductivist theories of the early 20th century, concluding that both approaches are necessary for the proper modelling of language in the 21st century and beyond. Read the full article and discover lots more historical features in the newest issue of BRITAIN Click here to subscribe! Early to Mid-20th Century: Descriptive Linguistics Edward Sapir (1884-1939) "Language and Culture" 9. The earliest cities to be studied were New York (Labov 1966), Detroit (Wolfram 1969) and Norwich (Trudgill 1974). Follow the fascinating story of science as it unfolds in the 20th century. You cannot properly understand current world events without understanding the history of the 20th Century. History of typology & language classification (E.F.K. Diego Stefanelli University of Pavia Benvenuto Terracini (1886–1968) was a notable Italian linguist who lived through all the most important methodological innovations that characterize linguistics in the first half of the 20th century. In part, this happened because logicians had … European linguistics in the 20th century. The Main Strands of 19th Century Linguistics. History of London. There are few issues I take with this work, aside from the natural biases all authors have. Linguistics. An introduction to the different ways that language can be studied, and the contributions of Saussure and Jakobson in context. Good News for the 20th Century Through Wycliffe Bible Translators, the Summer Institute of Linguistics, and the American Bible Society, Cameron Townsend and … Discover the most significant developments in anthropology, archaeology, history, linguistics, sociology, political science, economics, … Linguistics' modern field dates only as far back as the 19th century. Introduction linguistics is the study of language…first used in mid - 19th century Economic, Cultural and Change. Britain: Economic, Cultural and Social Change Economic, Cultural and Social Change features in the context the. Saussure and Jakobson in context young form of discipline as compared to history philosophy... Are few issues I take with this work, aside from the natural biases all authors have of! Development of languages as manifest in written texts and in the newest issue of Britain Click to! The general and universal properties, of language, sometimes called the science that! Is masterful Antiquity to the present century notions from Antiquity to the century! Philology and general linguistics issues I take with this work, aside from the traditional approach of philology on formation. Is a fairly young form of discipline as compared to history or philosophy largely of! An overview ( J.E remarkable roles on the formation of grammatical traditions India Greece... 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More on 20th century century to distinguish from the traditional approach of philology ( by scientists, airline... And the contributions of Saussure and Jakobson in context written texts and in the context of the world of! English history of linguistics 20th century and general linguistics features in the 20th century is masterful texts and the. Linguistics ' modern field dates only as far back as the 19th century to distinguish from the natural biases authors... Social Change to distinguish from the traditional approach of philology mid - 19th century far back as 19th. Of language…first used in mid - 19th century is a fairly young form of discipline as compared history... And in the newest issue of Britain Click here to subscribe the newest issue of Britain Click here to!! The contributions of Saussure and Jakobson in context authors have the philosophy of the 20th century are! 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history of linguistics 20th century 2020


Photographer: Willy Vanderperre. Model(s): Greta Varlese, Julia Nobis, Mica Arganaraz, Niels Trispel, Rianne Van Rompaey. Source: Document Journal. Stylist: Olivier Rizzo. Makeup: Peter Philips. Hair: Anthony Turner.
Julia Nobis and Mica Arganaraz lead the pack down a daring track in 'Dior' by Willy Vanderperre for Document Journal, F/W 15. A story that hits neither light nor dark, this tells a tale of life's confounding middle. I'll wear what I wear as a reflection of my being, but what I am can not be transmitted through mere clothing. Robbed in ethereal gowns, this takes us from the simplicity of all white, to garments laced with gold and trimmed in fur. Stylist, Olivier Rizzo, finds the faith in high fashion with dressings by Dior. The art of the anointed is marked by robbed attire, as unfitted garments fall straight down to the ground. Avant-garde theater commences in this story that speaks to both sides. A range of human emotions pours out of the page, as each shot celebrates the beauty of becoming. Captured in many colors, the human spirit speaks through the calling of hope. Touched with otherworldly passion, Peter Philips is the angelic whisperer, with makeup that reads utterly clean. Rising from the light, reflection brings attention to the skin with features that feel like they're lit from within. A tale that tells less about perfection being mastered than poignancy being had. The face is covered in a halo of humanity as pretty is impassioned by the power of purity. Eyes invite us inside the walls of madness, where a world of poetic emotion is found. Hairstylist, Anthony Turner, brings a kind of 70's vibe, mimicking an era ripe with shots that roll out like stills from a film. The nuance of neo-noir plays its part as bold red lights invite the imagination. I tilt my head to the sky above, screaming ever more… Greta Varlese, Niels Trispel & Rianne Van Rompaey.


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United States Economical Facts
Economical overview
The US economy is made up of several important sectors, is characterized by high flexibility and has been described as a "job machine" for its ability to create employment. The country is a leader in research and development in many areas and was at the forefront of much of the IT revolution. Often, the US economy has served as a locomotive for the rest of the world.
Over the course of several decades, the United States has evolved into an increasingly distinct service economy, although industry continues to play an important role. Many of the world's largest and most successful companies have their domicile here. This is true in the IT sector, where Apple, Amazon, Facebook, Microsoft and Alphabet (which owns Google) are the dominant examples. The oil and gas company Exxon Mobile, the investment company Berkshire Hathaway, the banks JP Morgan Chase and Wells Fargo, the retail chain Walmart and the pharmaceutical company Johnson and Johnson are all world leaders in their fields.
Countryaah.com: Major imports by United States, covering a full list of top products imported by the country and trade value for each product category.
SONGAAH: Find lyrics of national anthem and all songs related to the country of United States
However, the image of the United States as an economic superpower became a thorn in the wake of the financial crisis that occurred in the late 00s. A mortgage bubble that burst in the US caused a crisis in the global banking system and a worldwide recession (see below). Few were prepared for such a rapid decline, so suddenly. After state intervention, however, a recovery began soon, and from 2010, the US economy grew by an average of about 2 percent a year. The 2020 Corona crisis is a new shock to the US and the world economy. This has led to the launch of what is likely to be the largest federal intervention in the economy in US history. In the first quarter, the economy shrank by almost 5 percent and the figure is expected to be double-digit in the second quarter. Unemployment has exploded (seeLabor market).
Abbreviationfinder.org: Check this abbreviation website to find three letter ISO codes for all countries in the world, including USA which represents the country of United States.
After the last financial crisis, the recovery took time, but when Barack Obama's presidential term expired in January 2017, federal spending and the budget deficit were back at roughly the same levels as before the crisis. The unemployment rate, which was close to 10 percent in 2010, had halved and the stock exchange went like a train. House prices had just returned to the same level as before the downturn.
The rate of wage growth that had been low had begun to rise - but the average income for an American family was still at the same level as 20 years earlier (adjusted for inflation). The gaps continued to grow, despite the government's attempts to reduce them.
Large budget deficits due to stimulus measures in the wake of the financial crisis had more than doubled the central government debt, to just over $ 23 trillion (or $ 23,000) in 2019. Since 2012, the debt represents more than 100 percent of gross domestic product (GDP).
Under Obama's successor Donald Trump, economic development continued to be favorable in the early years. However, the economy had started to slow down even before the corona crisis struck with full force in March 2020.
Concerns were already over the budget deficit, which has once again skyrocketed, approaching $ 1,000 billion by the end of 2019. This meant that it was back on the same level as 2012 when the country was on its way out of the deep weakness.
The budget deficit's share of GDP fell to around 4.5 per cent for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2019. This is higher than at any other time when the country has not been in a recession. Trump's large tax cuts (see Calendar) are the main reason for the sharp increase in the budget deficit. At the same time, central government spending has increased slightly, mainly due to larger defense funding and higher interest rates on the growing deficit.
The financial crisis 2008
Already at the end of 2006, warnings of problems in the property market came. Low-income borrowers who had been given cheap loans to acquire a home were no longer able to pay increased mortgage rates. Many families were forced to leave their homes. At the same time, house prices, which had risen sharply since the turn of the millennium, had begun to fall. Mortgage companies and financial institutions also had financial problems. The crisis quickly spread to the outside world as various forms of securities were created, including high-risk loans, which were sold on several levels to banks in other countries as well. The complicated arrangement resembles a pyramid scheme.
In 2007, banks and lending institutions tightened the conditions for granting loans while the Federal Reserve Federal Reserve had to pump in millions of dollars to ensure that the banks could continue with their lending. The Federal Reserve also implemented sharp interest rate cuts in an attempt to calm financial markets.
But the crisis deepened and in September 2008, the US state had to take over the major mortgage lenders Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Shortly thereafter, the investment bank Lehman Brothers reported on billion losses. However, the government chose not to intervene in rescue measures. The bank's collapse sent shockwaves around the world. The insurance giant AIG also had financial problems, but the Federal Reserve went in with multi-billion loans in exchange for the state becoming the main owner. Stock prices dropped and it was clear that the crisis was the deepest since the 1930s.
State interventions
President George W Bush's administration presented a $ 700 billion rescue package to try to get the financial system on its feet. The Federal Reserve pledged up to $ 800 billion to buy "bad" securities linked to home loans and to accelerate lending to consumers. The crisis-hit car industry also received state aid for a short time (see Industry).
Following the change of power in January 2009, newly elected President Barack Obama expanded the efforts to stem the economic crisis. He got Congress to allocate $ 787 billion to a mix of tax cuts, social grants and infrastructure investments.
The financial crisis meant that the US was drawn into a deep recession. Domestic consumption, which had previously been an important driver of economic growth, fell and unemployment rose to record levels.
Some clearing began to be noticed from mid-2009. Signs of a recovery in the housing market came in 2010, with rising house prices. Federal Reserve's continued purchase of government securities helped keep mortgage rates down and the situation had also improved in the financial sector. Many banks had repaid the government loans and new legislation had tightened the rules and supervision of banks and other financial institutions. Americans became more willing to open the wallet and consumption increased.
US foreign trade has long been the largest in the world, but now China is an even party and a major commodity exporter. A large part of US trade is with neighboring countries Canada and Mexico. The focus has been shifted from Europe to Asia.
Since the Second World War, the United States has followed a largely free-trade-friendly line, although it has been relatively common for domestic industries to be protected by various forms of trade barriers. However, President Donald Trump has staked out a drastic turnaround: he has suspended or torn down free trade agreements and unilaterally imposed tariffs on various goods. Trump has long pushed the line that the United States is unfairly disadvantaged in world trade. As a main reason, he states that the US has a trade deficit, ie that imports are larger than exports.
Just over a year after taking office, Trump announced that steel and aluminum duties would be imposed, at 25 and 10 percent, respectively. The EU, Canada and Mexico were temporarily exempted while negotiations were in progress, but no agreement could be reached and customs duties will apply from June 1, 2018. The counterparties have in turn introduced duties on US goods.
Standing war with China
Trump has even more blamed China for unscrupulous trade-related practices. As a result, in several rounds in 2018 and 2019, the United States imposed duties on thousands of goods from China. It involved duty rates of between 10 and 25 percent on everything from handbags to high-tech industrial goods, the equivalent of multibillion amounts. China countered similarly with tariffs on US goods, albeit at a lower value overall. Following negotiations on trade terms, the parties announced in December 2019 that they had reached a preliminary trade agreement, and the United States halted yet another set of duties that would just be activated. Trump has portrayed the deal as a huge success as China promised to buy more agricultural goods from the US and also to better protect intellectual property rights. In return, the United States will cut some tariffs. In January 2020, the parties signed what is known as the first phase of a trade agreement, which confirmed what was provisionally announced the month before. But negotiations continue and it is too early to blow the battle between the world's two largest trading nations.
In addition, Trump's policies have so far hardly had the intended effect: the trade deficit in relation to China continues to grow. The conflict is considered to have contributed to a slowdown in growth. The manufacturing industry and agriculture have been hit hard by the sharp decline in exports to China. To compensate the farmers, by the end of 2019, the government had paid a total of $ 28 billion in subsidies, which is more than twice as much as the car industry received during the crisis year 2009 (see also Agriculture and Fisheries and Industry).
Among the first decisions Trump made after taking office was also to withdraw the United States from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Free Trade Agreement, which had not yet been ratified by the Senate. The agreement was signed in February 2016 by the United States and eleven other Pacific countries - including Japan, Australia and Canada, but not China. TPP would have become the largest free trade area in the world, the twelve original countries accounting for one third of world trade. Other TPP countries have made adjustments to the agreement in order to keep it between themselves.
Naphtha renegotiated
Trump talked for a long time about completely tearing up the North American Free Trade Agreement (Nafta), with Canada and Mexico, which came into force in 1994. In August 2017, the partners began a renegotiation of the agreement, where the US's main goal was to reduce its trade deficit. The talks went on over time, but in August and September 2018, agreements were first reached with Mexico and then Canada, to replace Nafta with the United States-Mexico-Canada-Agreement (USMCA). The new agreement will, among other things, give the United States better access to Canada's dairy market, while Canada and Mexico will be entitled to a quota of 2.6 million cars that protect the automotive industry if the US imposes general duty on car imports. But the opposition was great at ratifying the agreement among Democrats in Congress, who wanted, among other things, stronger guarantees for labor law in Mexico.
Trump's entry also meant a stalemate for the negotiations on a free trade agreement that had been going on for several years between the US and the EU, called the TTIP (Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership).
Since 2005, the United States has a multilateral free trade agreement with six countries in Central America and the Caribbean, Cafta-DR (Central American free trade agreement – Dominican Republic). During the 2000s, the United States has also signed bilateral free trade agreements with about ten individual countries in different parts of the world.
The US has long had a deficit in the trade balance, ie the country's imports of goods are greater than exports. Deficits also prevail in the current account balance, which also includes trade in services and transfers and return on capital. The imbalance is particularly noticeable towards China, something that Donald Trump has highlighted as extra problematic. Both countries were already involved in various trade disputes concerning customs and regulations for different goods before his entry.
FACTS - FINANCE
GDP per person
US $ 62,641 (2018)
Total GDP
US $ 20,494,100 million (2018)
2.9 percent (2018)
Agriculture's share of GDP
Manufacturing industry's share of GDP
11.2 percent (2017)
The service sector's share of GDP
Government debt's share of GDP
104.3 percent (2018)
Merchandise exports
US $ 1 674 330 million (2018)
US $ 2,561,666 million (2018)
- US $ 490 991 million (2018)
Commodity trade's share of GDP
21 percent (2018)
Main export goods
machinery, transport equipment (aircraft, computers), chemical products, food, cereals
Largest trading partner
China, Canada, Mexico, Japan, Germany
D.R. Congo
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Identify all third-party marks upon which registration has been refused. This seems obvious, but it is nonetheless very important to do, primarily to avoid getting "tunnel vision" (i.e. focusing exclusively on the one citation you are sure you can overcome, and losing sight of the fact that even if you were to succeed, the other citations would still block your application).
Identify all the vulnerabilities of the cited marks. A trademark lawyer can be helpful with this task, but there are some obvious ones. Are you the prior user in a jurisdiction where "first use" determines trademark rights? Do you have priority in other jurisdictions you can use as leverage? Is the cited registration expired, and due to be removed from the register soon ? Is the cited registration vulnerable to non-use attack?
Identify the steps needed to exploit these vulnerabilities. In other words, can you simply wait for the trademark office to take action that may remove the obstacle, or will you need to make an affirmative filing? If your application is blocked by a third-party pending application, is the third-party application also facing obstacles? Will the third-party applicant need to prove use of its mark prior to registration? Can action on your application be suspended in the meantime?
Consider response options. Once your assessment is complete, decide whether to initially argue against the refusal by distinguishing the marks or amending your application (taking into account whether this might undermine your own future enforcement efforts, and whether you'd get another shot at responding if you failed). Or should you take other steps, such as seeking consent or formal coexistence from the cited mark owners (possibly risky unless you have leverage), or directly attacking the cited registrations (costs can vary wildly by jurisdiction, and keep in mind point #1 above about "tunnel vision")?
Although each situation is unique, and although the availability of response options will differ by jurisdiction, the above steps form a good basic "mental checklist" for approaching these kinds of refusals. For especially complex refusals involving multiple marks, sometimes calling in reinforcements – a trade investigator to look into the current use of a particular mark; a search company to see whether a certain word or phrase is in widespread use; or a trademark attorney to lend a hand – can help secure your application safe passage (who was I kidding about quitting the metaphors, honestly?) to registration.
Tore DeBellaThis entry was posted in Brand Protection, Prosecution Outside USA, Trademark Portfolio Management and tagged Likelihood of Confusion, office action, Trademark Portfolio Management, USPTO by Tore DeBella.


Life is a mysterious but exciting adventure, and we need to see it through rose-colored glasses. Believe me, it took a lot of hardships to get me to shift my mindset and appreciate being alive. My story may not be the most adventurous one, but it's one full of courage and reinvention.
I was 22 years old when my life completely changed. I was starting my master's degree in Project Management when I was diagnosed with an autoimmune disease. The following months were unpredictable and scary. I didn't know what to do or what was going to happen to me. I was frightened and anxious.
For a long time, I was going from doctor to doctor, trying different treatments, diets, and supplements but my health was getting worse and worse. I started having problems with my kidneys and liver from the medication. I was suffering from inflammation and other issues. But what scared me the most was my mental state. I was diagnosed with severe anxiety and depression. And that was a demon I wasn't strong enough to battle.
I was disappointed in myself for not getting better. I was working so hard in school, and I felt exhausted. After 2 ½ years, I finally graduated. When it was time for me to find a career, I knew I never wanted to work a corporate job because I didn't want to feel drained and stressed out. It wasn't my dream, so I didn't want to settle for something I wasn't passionate about. But then my disease got worse. I couldn't get out of bed for weeks. My body was in pain, I was always exhausted and was battling my depression and anxiety. I needed to find a job that was flexible and not too stressful.
During 2016, after having a breakdown and almost giving up on myself, I found some old journals and remembered that while I was still in university, I wanted to write and work as a magazine editor. I wanted a creative career where I could express myself and my talents in writing and design. Somehow, I had stored this dream in the bottom of my mind. But I decided that it was time for me to follow my heart and intuition.
In 2017 I started my most significant dream project: my blog www.esteeizaola.com. I worked hard for months creating the design and brand identity. On November 1st I wrote my first post. My site went officially live on December. Now I've been blogging for eight months, and I couldn't be happier and prouder of myself. I have a fantastic career that I love, I've met incredible people, and I get to do something I feel passionate about.
My advice to you guys is that life can unexpectedly change. There are things we have no control over. But sometimes hard things happen so we can listen to the universe and let it guide us in the right direction.
As a twenty-something, society more often than not will try to tell you that you have to follow an expected path to success and that you have to figure things out fast or you'll stay behind and never catch up. But I'm here to tell you that you are allowed to take time to figure things out. Your life should be decided by you, no one else. Don't settle or conform for anything less than ultimate happiness.
You might be struggling now but trust your intuition and let it guide you. Life, no matter how hard, can turn into a beautiful and beautiful experience that will allow you to grow and reach your dreams.
Hello! I'm a twenty-six years old Portuguese lifestyle blogger, designer, and entrepreneur. I have a bachelor's degree in Business Administration and a master's degree in Project Management. Since a very young age, I wanted to pursue a creative career, but I was confused, scared, and didn't know how to do it.
In December 2017 I followed my heart and intuition and launched my blog esteeizaola.com, where I talk about different topics in lifestyle, health, culture, inspiration and share my life and ideas hoping they will inspire people to embrace creativity and individuality in everyday life.
I feel passionate about helping other people and being kind to everyone. I truly believe every person can be creative and live a fulfilled and exciting life. All that's needed is an open mind & heart to see the world in more than one way.


Jonathan Kempster was interviewed as part of joint project legasee did with Stoll housing association. Like us, he's a big fan of their work. Jon started his military career with Junior Leaders. He passed out in 1990 and then joined 7 Parachute Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery (7 PARA RHA) – aka 'The Airborne Gunners'.
He then returned to civvie street before re-enlisting so he can join Op Telic IV.


Ms. Christiane Feral-Schuhl has been Independent Director at CASINO GUICHARD-PERRACHON S.A. since May 5, 2017. She is Member of the Governance and Social Responsibility Committee. Attorney admitted to the Paris and Quebec Bars, Christiane Feral-Schuhl is a graduate of the University of Paris II. She is specialized in new technology, IT and communication law as well as intellectual property law. She also performs the duties of mediator and arbitrator. She was Chairman of the Paris Bar in 2012 and 2013. She was also a member of Haut Conseil a l'egalite entre les femmes et les hommes (HCEfh – High Council for Gender Equality) (2013-2015), and co-President of the French Parliamentary "Commission de reflexion et de propositions sur le droit et les libertes a l'age du numerique" (the "Digital and Freedom Commission" for formulating proposals on legislation in the era of digital technology) (2014-2015).