text:
Order Zulfaghara, Order Miecza Alego () – najwyższe wojskowe odznaczenie irańskie, ustanowione 10 kwietnia 1925 przez szacha Rezę z dynastii Pahlawi, nawiązujące swoją nazwą do jednego z najstarszych symboli islamu – Zulfikara, miecza należącego do Alego ibn Abi Taliba, zięcia i przybranego syna proroka Mahometa. Przyznawany był wyłącznie w przypadku wojen toczonych z zagranicznymi państwami. Nagradzani nim mogli być irańscy oficerowie, podoficerowie i żołnierze w oparciu o szczegółowy regulamin odznaczenia. Po obaleniu dynastii Pahlawich przez irańską rewolucję islamską w 1979, został zlikwidowany przez nowy rząd proklamowany przez ajatollaha Chomejniego. W latach 90. XX wieku ustanowiono nowy wojskowy Medal Zulfaghara będący jednak innym odznaczeniem.

Historia
W Iranie nie istniały klasyczne ordery w europejskim rozumieniu tego słowa (tj. jako tradycja oparta na dziejach struktur rycerskich lub arystokratycznych, w której obrzędowość wskazywała na organizację orderu), a jedynie odznaczenia w formie medali lub dekoracji, takich jak odznaka i akcesoria (gwiazda, wstęga itp.).

W 1856 szach Persji Naser ad-Din Szah Kadżar ustanowił nowe odznaczenie, pod nazwą Order Portretu Przywódcy Wiernych (Nešān-e Temtāl-e Amīr-al-Mo'menīn), na pamiątkę udanego oblężenia i odzyskania afgańskiego miasta Heratu w 1856 podczas wojny brytyjsko-perskiej, będącej częścią rywalizacji pomiędzy Cesarstwem Rosyjskim a Imperium Brytyjskim o panowanie nad Azją Środkową, zwanej Wielką Grą. Został zniesiony po śmierci Mozaffara ad-Din Szaha Kadżara w 1905, a 11 sierpnia 1922 roku przywrócony przez Ahmada Szaha, ostatniego szacha z dynastii Kadżarów.

W dwa lata później (19 kwietnia 1924), zgodnie z życzeniem nowego ministra wojny Rezy Chana Sardara Sepaha, który przeprowadził zamach stanu obalając poprzedni rząd, szach Ahmad utworzył Order Sepaha (Nešān-e Sepah), który przeznaczony był dla żołnierzy, którzy podczas wojen wewnętrznych wyróżnili się odwagą i męstwem w bitwie lub wyjątkowym bohaterstwem. Składał się z trzech stopni złotych i trzech stopni srebrnych przeznaczonych dla oficerów, a także jednego stopnia brązowego dla podoficerów i szeregowych.

Reza Szah Pahlawi po kolejnej zmianie nazwiska i objęciu władzy jako nowy król (po usunięciu z tronu poprzedniego szacha i wygnaniu go z kraju), ustanowił 10 kwietnia 1925 Order Zulfaghara (Nešān-e Zu'l-faqār), który chociaż był zmodyfikowaną wersją odznaczeń z 1856 i 1922, w przeciwieństwie do nich nie miał charakteru pamiątkowego ani jednorazowej nagrody. Był odznaczeniem posiadającym dokładnie sprecyzowane w specjalnym regulaminie zasady nadawania, a jego otrzymanie wiązało się z dodatkowymi przywilejami finansowymi, dziedziczonymi przez rodzinę odznaczonego w przypadku jego śmierci. Nagradzani nim mogli być wyłącznie irańscy wojskowi za akty wyjątkowej odwagi, obrażenia otrzymane podczas walki lub pośmiertnie, jeśli zgon nastąpił podczas służby wojskowej dla szacha. W przeciwieństwie do Orderu Sepaha, Order Zulfaghara mógł być przyznawany wyłącznie w przypadku wojen toczonych z zagranicznymi państwami.

Zasady nadawania
Odznaczeniem nagradzano żołnierzy, którzy podczas działań wojennych prowadzonych przeciwko innym państwom na lądzie, morzu lub w powietrzu, wyróżnili się niezwykłymi czynami lub niespotykaną odwagą, oraz oficerom, których dowodzenie przyniosło bardzo dobre wyniki.
Nagradzano za następujące czyny dowódcze:
 przechwycenie lub zniszczenie najważniejszego sektora wrogiej armii,
 zmuszenie przeciwnika do odwrotu lub zajęcia gorszej pozycji na polu walki,
 taktyczne przełamanie linii nieprzyjaciela oraz zniszczenie jego armii.

Podział odznaczenia

Lata 1925-1949

Początkowo odznaczenie dzieliło się na dwie klasy:
 I klasa – Order Zulfaghara (Nešān-e Zu'l-faqār) – order przeznaczony dla oficerów; dzielił się na cztery stopnie:
 I stopień – odznaka wieszana na wstędze z kokardą wiązanej wokół szyi; duża gwiazda orderowa i noszona na lewej piersi; dodatkowa odznaka w kolorze czerwonym
 II stopień – odznaka wieszana na wstędze wiązanej wokół szyi; mała gwiazda orderowa noszona na lewej piersi o średnicy 5 cm
 III stopień – odznaka wieszana na wstędze wiązanej wokół szyi
 IV stopień – odznaka noszona na wstążce wśród innych medali na piersi, zazwyczaj na lewej kieszeni munduru
 II klasa – Medal Zulfaghara (Medāl-e Zu'l-faqār) – medal nadawany podoficerom i szeregowcom, którego godło było nieco mniejsze niż w II klasie, wieszane było na wstążce umocowanej do lewej kieszeni munduru, na pierwszym miejscu przed innymi medalami; podzielony był na 2 stopnie:
 I stopień – medal brązowy
 II stopień – medal niklowy

Lata 1949-1979
Po nieudanym zamachu na szacha Mohammada Rezę Pahlawiego w lutym 1949, stworzył on dodatkową, najważniejszą klasę specjalną, przy zostawieniu pozostałych klas i stopni w dotychczasowej formie:
 I klasa specjalna – Wielka Wstęga Zulfaghara (Hamāyel-e Zu'l-faqār) – noszona wyłącznie przez szacha; jej insygnia składały się z dużej gwiazdy orderowej noszonej na lewej piersi (ustępująca pierwszeństwa gwieździe Orderu Pahlawich) oraz odznaki powieszonej na wstędze zwisającej z prawego ramienia do lewego boku
 I klasa
 I stopień – odznaka na wstędze szyjnej, czerwona odznaka i gwiazda
 II stopień – odznaka na wstędze szyjnej i gwiazda
 III stopień – odznaka na wstędze szyjnej
 IV stopień – odznaka na wstążce
 II klasa
 I stopień – medal brązowy na wstążce
 II stopień – medal niklowy na wstążce

Przywileje odznaczonych
Odznaczonym przysługiwało dożywotnie prawo do noszenia munduru i oznak wojskowych. Mieli też prawo do dodatków finansowych, które w przypadku ich śmierci otrzymywali ich spadkobiercy przez okres pięciu lat:
 odznaczeni I stopniem I klasy: dwunastokrotność rocznego wynagrodzenia zasadniczego,
 odznaczeni II stopniem I klasy: sześciokrotność rocznego wynagrodzenia zasadniczego,
 odznaczeni III stopniem I klasy: sześciokrotność rocznego wynagrodzenia zasadniczego,
 odznaczeni IV stopniem I klasy: trzykrotność rocznego wynagrodzenia zasadniczego,
 odznaczeni ponownie I stopniem II klasy: dziewięciokrotność rocznego wynagrodzenia zasadniczego,
 odznaczeni ponownie II stopniem II klasy: siedmiokrotność rocznego wynagrodzenia zasadniczego,
 odznaczeni I stopniem II klasy: pięciokrotność rocznego wynagrodzenia zasadniczego,
 odznaczeni II stopniem II klasy: trzykrotność rocznego wynagrodzenia zasadniczego.

Wygląd insygniów

Odznaki
Godło odznaki składało się z pięcioramiennej gwiazdy, z umieszczonym wewnątrz okręgiem z wizerunkiem siedzącego Alego, pod gwiazdą umieszczono dwa skrzyżowane Zulfikary, a przestrzeń między nimi i ramionami gwiazdy wypełniały promienie. Odznaka była wykonana ze złota we wszystkich stopniach. W okresie późniejszym wnętrza pięciu promieni emaliowano na biało, a wewnątrz dysku umieszczono ilustrację popiersia Imama Alego. W I klasie specjalnej cała odznaka emaliowana była na jasną zieleń, z pozostawieniem złotych krawędzi wszystkich jej elementów składowych. Dodatkowa odznaka I klasy miała krawędzie elementów składowych malowane na czerwono.

Gwiazdy orderowe
Gwiazda orderowa miała kształt ośmiopunktowej, wykonanej ze srebra gwiazdy, składającej się z 16 krótkich, 16 średnich i 8 długich promieni, które w przypadku I klasy specjalnej i I stopnia I klasy wysadzane były 4-, 5- lub 6-cioma diamentami w zależności od długości promienia. W II stopniu I klasy promienie były srebrne, bez diamentów. Wewnątrz umieszczony emaliowany dysk z wizerunkiem siedzącego na ziemi Alego, na tle błękitnego nieba, dysk obramowany był ciemnozielonym okręgiem ze złotymi krawędziami.

Medale
Wykonane były z jednolitego, okrągłego kawałku brązu lub niklu (w zależności od stopnia), zawieszonego na wstążce wiązanej na sposób francuski (jak np. w przypadku wstążki krzyża kawalerskiego Legii Honorowej), za pomocą niewielkiej zawieszki w kształcie kółeczka. Na awersie miały wizerunek pięcioramiennej gwiazdy, wewnątrz której znajdował się okrąg z napisem "ODWAGA", pod którą umieszczono dwa skrzyżowane Zulfikary, a przestrzeń między nimi i ramionami gwiazdy wypełniały promienie. Na rewersie widniał symbol władców Iranu – lew i słońce (podobnie jak w Orderze Lwa i Słońca) oraz otaczające go liście palmowe lub dębowe ze skrzyżowanymi łodygami u dołu.

Wstęga, wstążki i baretki
Wstęga orderowa I klasy specjalnej była szeroką szarfą uszytą z jedwabiu, składającą się z pięciu pasów w dwóch kolorach umieszczonych na przemian: czarny-biały-czarny-biały-czarny.

Wstążki I i II klasy również uszyto z pięciu pasków (każdy miał 5 mm szerokości), w dwóch kolorach umieszczonych na przemian, zastępując kolor biały niebieskim: czarny-niebieski-czarny-niebieski-czarny.

Baretka odznaczenia wszystkich stopni I i II klasy miała taką samą kolorystykę (czarny-niebieski-czarny-niebieski-czarny). W I stopniu I klasy posiadała dodatkowe okucie w kształcie zakrzywionego miecza o rozdwojonym ostrzu.

Odznaczenie w Republice Islamskiej
Odznaczenie o tej samej nazwie, lecz odmiennym kształcie i strukturze (jednostopniowe) zostało ustanowione w Republice Islamskiej, jako najwyższa nagroda wojskowa Republiki. Do chwili obecnej (wrzesień 2020) odznaczenie nadano jedynie raz: Otrzymał je gen. Ghasem Solejmani w marcu 2019 roku.

Insygnia
Oznakę stanowi ośmioramienna srebrna, pozłacana gwiazda z powtarzającym się słowem ذوالفقار (Zulfaghar). Pośrodku gwiazdy umieszczony jest kwadratowy turkus. Odznaczenie jest zawieszone na zielonej wstążce przy pomocy srebrnej prostokątnej zawieszki z rombem z godłem Republiki. Baretka jest zielono-biało-zielona, z godłem Republiki i skrzyżowanymi mieczami pośrodku.

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

Irańskie odznaczenia


text:
Q: Which statistical test to use in R? Unbalanced design with one dependent variable and multiple independent variables it's been a while since I've had to do any statistics and I need a little help determining which statistical model/test to use in R. My background is more with multivariate stats, so it's been a while since I've done any univariate analyses.
I'm essentially looking at growth of 3 coral genotypes (same species) which were micro fragmented and placed on all available sides of bricks (5 sides). These bricks, which come in 3 different colors, were placed on an array (plastic square frame with mesh in the middle) and these arrays were repeated 4 times in 4 locations. Each array had 9 bricks on it, which allowed for 3 replicates of each genotype per array but on different colored bricks (so one replicate per color brick per array). This all in all gives be 180 data points (growth per day of a coral fragment). Growth per day was calculated by comparing imagej estimates of live tissue area from day 0 to day 250, so the difference in growth between the 2 time points was essentially just divided by 250.
This is a preliminary study (so not much data) to ascertain what might be driving coral growth (of a particular species) the most, is it genotype, color of substrate, orientation, or location, or any combination of these factors and with this data we can improve reef restoration practices. These data will be used to do further experiments to look further into which factors seem to influence coral growth the most.
So I have one dependent variable, which is growth per day (continuous), and four categorical/nominal independent variables: array (A,B,C or D) where the samples were placed, brick color (gray, white or pink), side (N,S,E,W and Top) where the samples were located on a brick, and genotype (1,2 or 3).
This seems like a nested design to me, but I don't think I can do an ANOVA as it's somewhat unbalanced (16 coral fragments died in the experiment). Should I be looking at GLMs, GAMs, LMs? I was also looking at mixed effects models like LMMs and GLMMs, as genotype would be a random factor, whilst the others would be fixed (I believe), but I think I'd need more data to use these models.
Apologies for any jargon misuse it's been a while since I've done any stats. I have tried to find out the answer independently through reading etc, I'm just getting to the point where I'm spinning in circles and not getting anywhere, so I felt I needed some expert input to point me in the right direction. I know the answer is probably very simple, which just makes this all the more galling that I haven't worked it out yet :/
Many thanks in advance for any help and I'm happy to provide more information if needed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Лудхияна:

 Лудхияна — город в индийском штате Пенджаб.
 Лудхияна — округ в индийском штате Пенджаб.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Creating opportunity for immigrant women and girls in the Chicago region: Recommendations for the Chicago Foundation for Women's civic plan
In partnership with the Chicago Foundation for Women, Heartland Allianceu2019s Research & Policy Division sought to understand what economic, health, and violence-related issues are most pressing for immigrant women in the Chicago region, their families, and their communities. These findings are the result of a research and information gathering process with Chicago-area immigrant women, social service providers who work with immigrant communities, a literature review on related topics, and a scan of change efforts in other states and localities related to issues impacting immigrant women and their families. This report documents the key issues facing immigrant women in the Chicago region and prioritizes those concerns into actionable micro- and systems-level recommended change efforts. The Chicago Foundation for Women is building the concerns of immigrant women into their Civic Plan, and other community organizations and advocates can learn from the voices of impacted women themselves to ensure their efforts are aligned with the true needs and desires of the community.
Download via IssueLab (292.32 KB)
Earning Money/Staying Safe: The Links Between Making a Living and Sexual Violence for Refugee Women in Cairo
Stepping Stones Report 2007: Clearing a Path for Women's Economic Security
Women's Fund for the Fox Valley Region, Annual Report 2015
Heartland Alliance Research & Policy Division
Chicago Foundation for Women
Copyright 2015 by Heartland Alliance's Research & Policy Division.
North America / United States (Midwestern) / Illinois / Cook County / Chicago
Title: Creating opportunity for immigrant women and girls in the Chicago region: Recommendations for the Chicago Foundation for Women's civic plan
Copyright holder(s) Heartland Alliance Research & Policy Division
Geographical Focus North America / United States (Midwestern) / Illinois / Cook County / Chicago
Keywords immigrant , chicago region , policy division , research policy , women and girls
URL: https://www.issuelab.org/resource/creating-opportunity-for-immigrant-women-and-girls-in-the-chicago-region-recommendations-for-the-chicago-foundation-for-women-s-civic-plan-24.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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Notice: Undefined index: environment in include_once() (line 676 of /var/www/apps/app0470/www/qualitataire/sites/default/settings.php).
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Further information on T-Verda
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Active cities against pollution
Defining special protection zones, where the use of the most polluting vehicles is restricted, is a measure linked to mobility and people's health that has been in force in other major European cities for years, including London, Paris, Berlin and, more recently, Madrid. More than two hundred European cities in ten countries now have defined zones where measures to safeguard people's health are implemented.
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Zone à circulation restreinte – París
Umweltzone Berlín– Berlín
Zona de Bajas Emisiones – Madrid
Ecology. Urban Planning, Infrastructures and Mobility


text:
Basarabi este un sat ce aparține municipiului Calafat din județul Dolj, Oltenia, România. Satul actual este relativ nou (a doua jumătate a secolului al XIX-lea), dar vatra satului este locul unde au fost descoperite urmele Culturii Basarabi; descoperirile arheologice efectuate pe raza satului Basarabi sunt cunoscute sub denumirea "cultura sau complexul Basarabi".

Basarabi, Calafat


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text:
2020-2021 SEASON UPDATES
VELOCITY APP
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Redd prides himself on being a exceptional Leader, Teacher & Mentor while leading the next generation of professional Commercial Hip Hop Dancers down the path to success.
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Only 11 days into his presidency, Donald Trump's shtick has become as boring as it is dangerous. If a president's only duty were to entertain his audience, Trump would already be facing impeachment.
And yet, when Hillary Clinton looked like the likely winner of last November's election, at leastone Republican senator said that he intended to prevent her from filling that seat.
"Republicans stole it from the president who was elected to fill it" – no, his pick it was denied consent by the Senators who were elected to either grant or deny consent to it. It's right there in the Constitution. The whole point was to ensure that the power to appoint one of the highest officials in the Judicial branch of our government needed consent from both the Executive and the Legislative branches instead of just the Executive branch alone. It's called "checks and balances".
The Constitution is a legal contract between the States and the Federal government, outlining which powers belong to which, with amendments that (among other things) protect some individual rights from interference by either one. Article V gives two methods for proposing changes to it and one method to get changes approved. It does not mention the Supreme Court as part of that process. "Living Constitution" is a construct with no legal standing or definition whatsoever – it certainly doesn't appear in the Constitution. There is no legal doctrine or principle behind it. It is simply made up by people who wanted to justify doing an end-run around Article V.
Supreme Court choices do not belong to Presidents. They belong to the people. The people express their will through their elected officials in the White House and the Senate.
"Obama was elected with a clear majority, …" Indeed he was. And the Senate was elected with a clear majority of GOP-held seats. The Senate, following the wishes of it's constituents, has previously withheld its consent from over 2 dozen nominees previously, many of whom did not get a hearing or vote. Then-Sen. Biden proposed that just such a process be followed when then-President Bush was in office. As Pres. Obama himself said when House Republicans objected to things he proposed to do, "Elections have consequences".


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While many focused on gardening skills and rainy camping I can only report on busy grandparent activities. Clearly, nothing else important was happening yesterday in Fort Saskatchewan.
There can be no better reason.
Single toy caught here attention.
Little bus/van with removable people.
Everything else, everyone else – superfluous to her needs at that moment.
Surrounded, by two parents, four grandparents, a baby brother, a friend, two dogs and a cat. Multiple cameras. So many distractions.
Isla was the star attraction. Baby brother Alex got high marks for contentment and smiles, but he got second billing yesterday.
Just up from her nap, she ignored us all, ignored the table laden with gifts in favour of heading outside, her attention divided between a new slide and jungle-gym thing in the backyard.
BBQ'd smokies, condiments, birthday cupcakes. Paper, ripped, parcels pulled apart, bags emptied – these pleased a two-year-old yesterday. Each of those carefully chosen gifts – puzzles, books, clothes, an FAO bear and a ball – just things to be unwrapped and set aside for another day.
Two years have flown by, a party ending in a waving tiny hand and tiny voice saying by-bye.


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For maps and directions to Rick's Taxidermy view the map to the right. For reviews of Rick's Taxidermy see below.


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Back to People
Meet the CA growing Māori businesses: Solomon Dalton CA
Date posted: 03/02/2021 5 min read
BDO Northland's Solomon Dalton CA is strengthening Māori business and helping young Māori imagine different careers.
Solomon Dalton CA is a key member of the senior advisory leadership team within BDO Northland.
He specialises in working with Māori businesses and iwi to develop their business and financial capability.
He is an advocate for young Māori joining the profession and wants to change their perceptions about accounting.
By Hayden Maskell
Ko Pūhanga Tohorā te Maunga
Ko Punakitere te Awa
Ko Ngātokimatawhaorua to Waka
Ko Ōkorihi te Marae
Ko Ngāti Ueoneone te Hapu
Ko Ngāpuhi te Iwi
BDO Northland's Solomon Dalton CA is quick to admit he wasn't always sure accounting was the profession for him. He says walking down Auckland's Queen Street when he was at university just heightened that sense of not fitting into the business world.
"I grew up on a dairy farm up here in Kaikohe [260km north of Auckland], which we still have, and struggled with the concept of being an accountant and what I thought was an accountant," he says. "That 'having to wear suits every day' thing, versus my upbringing – the 'hard, physical, tough male job' thing."
But that changed when he went to the Ngā Kaitatau Māori o Aotearoa hui (Māori Accountants Network meeting) in 2009. Suddenly, he recognised people he could relate to, including his uncle Roger Dalton – a fellow accountant.
"I realised I don't have to change the way I am," Dalton explains.
"A big influence on me was my uncle, the first in our whānau to go through university, and he was an accountant.
"I didn't even think about that until my second-last year of study, when I went to that hui with my uncle.
"That's what made me think that, really, if I wanted to role model anybody, it should be him!"
It was not all plain sailing. Dalton had two children during his university studies and battled with going from farm life to being in New Zealand's biggest city. But with grit, determination, and the support of his family, he made it work.
"It's funny, because my parents always said to me, 'go and do this qualification and you can do whatever you want afterwards'," he says. "But what I realised is I spent a good while to get where I am now, and it would be silly to go and do something else."
A specialist in advisory
While accounting is changing significantly, the public perception of the profession has been slow to catch up.
Dalton admits he chose accounting at first "because one plus one is straightforward", but he realised during his study that he had an opportunity to do far more than look at spreadsheets.
"People say, 'oh, you must be a number cruncher', but I tell them the calculator does that for me. I know builders who are way more onto it than I am with division and multiplication!" he confesses with a laugh.
"The main thing, really, with being an accountant is being able to help people and grow their business."
Solomon Dalton CA
Helping people is what drives him, he says. It's the reason he specialises in advisory and governance, and dedicates himself to upskilling iwi, local marae and Māori organisations.
"For me, it's especially about helping grow Māori business and help Māori people," he says.
Growing Māori business
After finishing university in 2011, Dalton started his career in the corporate world, but he knew he wanted to return to Northland and have a role in unlocking the potential in Māori business and Māori land.
He joined BDO Northland in 2013 and the now father of five is a key member of its senior advisory leadership team.
On top of his day job, and true to the CA moniker, Dalton serves on an exhaustive list of trusts and boards. He is a director at Te Hiringa Business Promotions and Kerikeri Area Sport and Recreation Management Limited; a trustee for Te Hiringa Trust and Tau Iho | Te Po; treasurer for Taitokerau Māori Forest Inc.; and a member of Kaikohe and Districts Sportsville Inc.
He says the demand for the skills that CAs have is enormous. For this reason, he and BDO are working on a training scheme to bring more rangatahi [young people] through for work experience.
In part, it's to change perceptions of what it means to be an accountant; but it's also about seizing an opportunity to strengthen Māori organisations from within.
"For example, a local Ahu Whenua block [land trust] has 5000 acres of land, and probably 1000 shareholders with ties to that land. If we can get five rangatahi and put some through the CA Program, a farming program, through a legal program, that's going to bring those skills through to the organisation, like a bonding scheme," he says.
"People ask me for help or to join their board left, right and centre, because of my skill sets – and I'm always asked to be treasurer," he laughs. "And I just think, imagine what those entities can do with the right skills."
'We help people achieve their dreams'
Dalton's passion for his work is infectious and he's enthused about getting more young people into the accounting profession. He says there are plenty of reasons to consider accounting as a career, but he has a simple pitch about why it's especially rewarding.
"My whakaaro around it is that we help people achieve their dreams. It's what we do."
Meet the Māori business leader empowered to give back to her community
Inspirational Māori business leader and former auditor Mere George CA shares how she became a trusted adviser to the Māori community.
Meet the CA bringing people together: Rebecca Mason CA
Rebecca Mason CA found herself in a unique position in the middle of the COVID-19 crisis.
Search related topics


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text:
package com.alibaba.com.caucho.hessian.io;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * Serializing an object for known object types.
 */
public class ThrowableSerializer extends JavaSerializer {
    public ThrowableSerializer(Class cl, ClassLoader loader) {
        super(cl, loader);
    }

    public void writeObject(Object obj, AbstractHessianOutput out)
            throws IOException {
        Throwable e = (Throwable) obj;

        e.getStackTrace();

        super.writeObject(obj, out);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Thousand Oaks and Our Peculiarly American Affliction. And will the Dems get Gun Control?
Be shocked by the massacre at a bar. It's not normal.
Tim Dominguez sits under the freeway after escaping the Borderline Bar and Grill in Thousand Oaks, Calif., where a gunman killed 12 other people Wednesday night.
According to statistics from the Gun Violence Archive, there have been 307 mass shootings in the 312 days of 2018. They are a commonplace occurrence. This is a horrifying thing to say, but it is the truth. We need to say this truth over and over. We need to face this horror without looking away. We live in a country where there are relatively few restrictions on gun ownership and where our cultural tolerance for mass murder appears to be infinite.
Less than a month ago an author visited California State University Channel Islands, not far from where the shooting on Wednesday night took place. A deeply engaged audience greeted her. They had a thoughtful discussion about sexual violence, justice, trauma, and healing. Some of those students might have been at the Borderline Bar and Grill in Thousand Oaks, Calif., Wednesday night, doing what college students are supposed to be doing — dancing and hanging out with friends, having fun. As she read the news Thursday morning, her chest tightened. She read quotes from students from that campus describing the sparks and the smoke they saw. She felt resignation creeping in.
Over the past two years, there has been increased security at his events, armed guards. Sometimes they are there because he had received a threat. Sometimes they are there because she is a black woman with opinions and the threat is already implied. Every time she goes on stage, she looks out into the audience and wonders if there is a man with a gun in the sea of faces. She is not scared of him. She is resigned to the inevitability of him pointing that gun at me, at the crowd, and pulling the trigger. She doesn't want to be this resigned. She doesn't want you to be, either.
In an interview, the father of one of the young women who escaped the carnage at the Borderline Bar said his daughter did what he has taught her to do in the event of a mass shooting. It took me a moment to realize what he was saying. We are raising generations of children who are prepared for this kind of crime.
It is a peculiarly American affliction that this epidemic of gun violence doesn't move us to take any real steps toward curbing gun violence and access to guns.
It is painfully obvious that there is no shooting appalling enough to make American politicians stand up to the National Rifle Association and gun makers. A congressman was shot and critically wounded. Children at Sandy Hook Elementary were murdered. Revelers at the Pulse nightclub were murdered. Concertgoers in Las Vegas were murdered.
Our leaders think and pray their way through the horror. The politicians who rely on N.R.A. donations feign concern and continue taking that money. American voters keep these people in office, perhaps, because it isn't their loved ones being murdered. Yet. And even if it were, I don't know that their votes would change. Instead, people treat the Constitution like a fast-food value menu, choosing which amendments are sacrosanct (the First and Second) and which are disposable (any of those giving civil rights to anyone but white men).
The script following these shootings is too familiar — flags at half-staff, hollow words of sympathy — but what chills me is the relatively calm eloquence of the survivors speaking to reporters. How they don't seem particularly surprised to have survived a mass shooting. That they are able, in the immediate aftermath of trauma, to articulate their experiences. They can do this because they have seen it done.
How do we change this script? How do we convince enough people that we are well past the time for radical action?
We must elect politicians who will ban assault weapons and at the very least enact legislation requiring federal, rigorous background checks for gun owners. But really, that's not radical. It's the bare minimum, and by the grace of that kind of legislation in California, the shooter was able to use only a handgun. This massacre where 13 people died could have been much worse.
In late September, I went to a gun range with my brother, who is a gun enthusiast. We spent about an hour shooting guns as he explained the merits of the various weapons. We wore safety goggles, and though it wasn't my first time shooting a gun, he went over the safety protocols. Before we could even enter the range we watched a safety video. From the moment we entered the facility until the time we left, we were reminded of the danger of these weapons. Each gun was heavy in my hand, hot. Before long, the space around us was thick with the stench of oil and gunpowder. We were shooting at targets, metal, and paper. There was a certain satisfaction when I shot well. I understood the appeal of holding that kind of power in the palm of my hand. I also understood the responsibility of holding a gun. I was awed by it. I was not so enamored that I want to own a gun myself. Yet.
Today I held a 4-month-old baby. He is cute and strong and wide-eyed. He still smells sweet and new. I held him and for a few minutes, I forgot about everything terrible. I forgot about the man with a gun and the 12 other people he killed and the people he injured. I forgot about the man with a gun who walked into a yoga studio and started shooting. I forgot about the man with a gun who walked into a grocery store and started shooting. I forgot about the man with a gun who walked into a synagogue and started shooting. And then I looked at this baby's tiny face and his wide, gummy smile. I remembered everything terrible. I understood the responsibility of holding a child. I was awed by it. I realized that as horrifying and commonplace and inevitable as mass shootings are, we cannot do nothing. Stare into the horror. Feel it. Feel it so much that you are moved to act.
Deaths From Gun Violence: How The U.S. Compares With The Rest Of The World
Nurith Aizenman reported these statistics about a year ago but I thought that the story and the comparisons were relevant regarding gun violence rates. The timing of that report couldn't be more apt — or grimmer even today. The statistics were released just as Americans were waking up to the news that a gunman had opened fire the night before at the Borderline Bar and Grill in Thousand Oaks, Calif. He killed 12 people and was found dead at the scene.
The attack came just 11 days after the fatal shooting that claimed 11 lives at Pittsburgh's Tree of Life synagogue. Eight months before that, a gunman shot 17 people dead at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla. And just over a year ago a gunman massacred 58 people at a music festival in Las Vegas.
As in previous years, the University of Washington's latest data indicates that this level of gun violence in a well-off country is a particularly American phenomenon.
When you consider countries with the top indicators of socioeconomic success — income per person and average education level, for instance — the United States is bested by just 18 nations, including Denmark, the Netherlands, Canada, and Japan.
Those countries all also enjoy low rates of gun violence. But the U.S. has the 28th-highest rate in the world: 4.43 deaths due to gun violence per 100,000 people in 2017. That was nine times as high as the rate in Canada, which had 0.47 deaths per 100,000 people — and 29 times as high as in Denmark, which had 0.15 deaths per 100,000.
The numbers come from a massive database maintained by the University's Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, which tracks lives lost in every country, every year, by every possible cause of death. The 2017 figures paint a fairly rosy picture for much of the world, with deaths due to gun violence rare even in many countries that are extremely poor — such as Bangladesh, which saw 0.07 deaths per 100,000 people.
Prosperous Asian countries such as Singapore and Japan boast the absolute lowest rates, though the United Kingdom and Germany are in almost as good shape.
"It is a little surprising that a country like ours should have this level of gun violence," Ali Mokdad, a professor of global health and epidemiology at the IHME, told NPR in an interview last year. "If you compare us to other well-off countries, we really stand out."
To be sure, there are quite a few countries where gun violence is a substantially larger problem than in the United States — particularly in Central America and the Caribbean. Mokdad said a major driver is the large presence of gangs and drug trafficking. "The gangs and drug traffickers fight among themselves to get more territory, and they fight the police," said Mokdad. And citizens who are not involved are often caught in the crossfire. Another country with widespread gun violence is Venezuela, which has been grappling with political unrest and an economic meltdown.
Mokdad said drug trafficking may also be a driving factor in two Asian countries that have unusually high rates of violent gun deaths for their region, the Philippines and Thailand.
With the casualties due to armed conflicts factored out, even in conflict-ridden regions such as the Middle East, the U.S. rate is worse.
The U.S. gun violence death rate is also higher than in nearly all countries in sub-Saharan Africa, including many that are among the world's poorest.
One more way to consider these data: The institute also estimates what it would expect a country's rate of gun violence deaths to be based solely on its socioeconomic status. By that measure, the U.S. should be seeing only 0.46 deaths per 100,000 people. Instead, its actual rate of 4.43 deaths per 100,000 is almost 10 times as high.
Dems vow swift action on gun reform next year
Mike Lillis and Scott Wong wrote that the nation's latest mass shooting has rekindled the fire under Democrats to use their newly won majority to strengthen federal gun laws in the next Congress.
The issue was off the table for eight years of Republican rule, as GOP leaders have sided with the powerful gun lobby against any new gun restrictions.
But House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi(D-Calif.), who's seeking to regain the Speaker's gavel, vowed to move quickly on gun reform next year, citing Wednesday night's shooting massacre at a California country music bar as the latest reason Congress should step in with new restrictions on the sale and ownership of firearms.
Universal background checks, Pelosi suggested, would be the likely first step.
"It doesn't cover everything, but it will save many lives," Pelosi said Thursday night on CNN's "Cuomo Prime Time" program.
"This will be a priority for us going into the next Congress."
Rep. Jerrold Nadler (D-N.Y.), likely the incoming chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, said this week that he'll "immediately get to work" on that legislation next year.
That position marks a shift from almost a decade ago when Democrats last controlled the House and party leaders declined to consider tougher gun laws despite entreaties from some rank-and-file members.
Rep. Mike Quigley (D-Ill.), a gun reformer from Chicago and member of the Judiciary Committee, had requested hearings on background checks in 2010, only to be refused.
The reasons were largely political: House Democrats, at the time, had a more conservative-leaning caucus, boasting more than 50 Blue Dogs in battleground districts the party was fighting to preserve.
After a 10-year ban on assault weapons signed by former President Clinton was widely viewed as a "third rail" that helped secure George W. Bush's White House victory in 2000, Democrats didn't want to repeat history.
Since then, the country has seen a long string of prominent mass shootings, including violence targeting a congresswoman in Tucson, Ariz., elementary school students in Newtown, Conn., nightclubbers in Orlando, churchgoers in Charleston, S.C., country music fans in Las Vegas, high schoolers in Parkland, Fla. and Jews praying at a synagogue in Pittsburgh last month.
The most recent tragedy occurred Wednesday night at a bar in Thousand Oaks, Calif., where authorities say a Marine combat veteran killed 12 people before fatally shooting himself.
One of the victims, 27-year-old Telemachus Orfanos, survived last year's Las Vegas massacre but was killed in the Thousand Oaks shooting.
"I don't want prayers. I don't want thoughts. I want gun control, and I hope to God nobody else sends me any more prayers," Orfanos's mother, Susan Orfanos, said in an emotional interview with KABC that has been viewed millions of times on social media. "I want gun control. No more guns."
The rash of devastating episodes shifted public sentiment in strong favor of gun reform, and polls show overwhelming support for measures like expanded background checks among voters of all political stripes.
Three Parts Brands Have Come Together
The Ford Motor Company reported that among the host of Democrats elected to the House on Tuesday in conservative districts, many embraced new restrictions on gun purchases without facing the previously feared backlash at the polls.
"The public has evolved on their belief about this, given the magnitude and disparity of gun violence and mass shootings," Quigley said Friday by phone.
The Democrats' plans for gun-reform legislation remain unclear.
Rep. Mike Thompson (D-Calif.), the head of the party's task force to prevent gun violence, has taken the lead on the background check bill, and will likely do so again next year. There are also dozens of related proposals other lawmakers will surely promote, including bills to ban bump stocks, eliminate assault weapons, spike taxes on guns and ammunition and prohibit high-capacity magazines like the one allegedly used by the shooter in Thousand Oaks.
Quigley is all for pushing bold reforms, including a ban on assault weapons, but is promoting the idea of securing early victories on more popular measures.
"Let's start where we have some commonality," he said. "The vast majority of Americans, the majority of gun owners, the majority of NRA [National Rifle Association] members support universal background checks.
"That's a good place to start."
That the House will pass some kind of background-checks legislation is clear. But any new gun restrictions face tall odds in the GOP-controlled Senate, where Republicans are near unanimous in their opposition to such reforms.
In 2013, in the wake of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in Newtown, Sens. Pat Toomey (R-Pa.) and Joe Manchin (D-W.Va.) authored legislation to expand background checks for firearms purchased online and at gun shows. It fell six votes short of overcoming a GOP-led filibuster, with only four Republicans — Toomey, and Sens. Susan Collins (Maine), John McCain (Ariz.) and Mark Kirk(Ill.) — supporting the measure.
Kirk lost his reelection bid in 2016 and McCain died this year, leaving just two Senate Republicans who back strengthening background checks. Manchin just won re-election this week and Toomey isn't up for reelection until 2022.
"Senator Toomey is continuing to work with his colleagues in the Senate to find a path forward to 60 votes for his background check legislation," said Toomey spokesman Sam Fischer.
Complicating the math for gun reform supporters, Tuesday's midterms added to the GOP Senate majority, and the incoming Republicans are all gun-rights promoters supported heavily by the firearms lobby.
Asked about the appropriate response to the Thousand Oaks shooting, Sen.-elect Marsha Blackburn(R-Tenn.) was terse.
"What we do is say, how do we make certain that we protect the Second Amendment and protect our citizens?" Blackburn told Fox News on Thursday.
President Trump could be a wild card in the coming gun debate. The president has a long and conflicting history on the topic, from the promotion of an assault-weapons ban years ago to a more recent embrace of the Second Amendment protectionism advocated by the NRA.
Gun-reform advocates, long accustomed to congressional inaction on the issue, say they've been encouraged by what they've heard from Pelosi and other Democratic leaders so far.
"While so many other factors have not been settled, we believe that House Democrats will move universal background checks in early 2019," said Robin Lloyd, government affairs director for the Courage to Fight Gun Violence, the gun-reform group led by former Rep. Gabrielle Giffords (D-Ariz.), the congresswoman shot in the head in Tucson in 2011.
Medical professionals to NRA: Guns are our lane. Help us reduce deaths or move over.
Megan L. Ranney, Heather Sher, and Dara Kass, Opinion contributors, reported that after the American College of Physicians released a paper last week about reducing firearm injuries and deaths in America, the NRA tweeted the statement: "Someone should tell self-important anti-gun doctors to stay in their lane."
A couple of days later, the Centers for Disease Control published new data indicating that the death toll from gun violence in our nation continues to rise. As the NRA demanded that we doctors stay in our lane, we awoke to learn of the 307th mass shooting in 2018 with another 12 innocent lives lost to an entirely preventable cause of death — gun violence.
Every medical professional practicing in the United States has seen enough gun violence firsthand to deeply understand the toll that this public health epidemic is taking on our children, families, and entire communities.
It is long past time for us to acknowledge the epidemic is real, devastating, and has root causes that can be addressed to assuage the damage. We must all come together to find meaningful solutions to this very American problem.
We bear witness to every gun-related trauma
The physicians, nurses, therapists, medical professionals, and other concerned community members signing this letter are absolutely "in our lane" when we propose solutions to prevent death and disability from gun violence.
As the professionals who manage this epidemic, we bear witness to every trauma and attempt to resuscitate, successful or not.
►We cut open chests and hold hearts in our hands in the hopes of bringing them back to life.
►We do our best to repair the damage from bullets to pulverized organs and splintered bones.
►We care for the survivors of firearm injury for decades after they've been paralyzed, lost a limb, or been disabled.
►We deliver mental health care to the siblings and parents of the children who have been shot as well as to the survivors of gun violence.
►We treat the anxiety of teachers and students who are already traumatized by the news of mass shootings who are then are asked to participate in active shooter drills in their own schools.
►We prepare for mass casualty shootings with drills ourselves and practice sorting victims by how life-threatening their injuries are while fervently hoping that a mass shooting never touches our own communities.
►We are asked by families, schools, employers and law enforcement to conduct mental health evaluations and threat assessments of individuals who demonstrate dangerous behaviors with legally-owned firearms — yet we have no protocols to decrease firearm risk when they present to us.
►We support our own medical colleagues as they themselves must recover from the psychological trauma of being first responders to mass shootings.
►We design trauma protocols to reduce the loss of life from even the most horrific gunshot wounds.
►We train civilians to carry and use tourniquets to #StopTheBleed, something that should be necessary on battlefields but not in American grade school classrooms.
►We try our best to conduct research to stop the epidemic of gun violence.
►We hold the hands of gunshot victims taking their final breaths.
►We cry, ourselves, as we tell parents that their child has been shot and that we did our best.
►We escort parents into our treatment rooms to take one last look at their dead child before they have been able to process the news.
►We see firsthand how a single moment ends a life and forever changes the lives of survivors, families, and entire communities.
NRA should help us reduce gun death toll
Our research efforts have been curtailed by NRA lobbying efforts in Congress. We ask that the NRA join forces with us to find solutions.
We invite the NRA to collaborate with us to find workable, effective strategies to diminish the death toll from suicide, homicide, domestic violence and unintentional shootings for the thousands of Americans who will one day find themselves on the wrong side of a barrel of a gun.
We are not anti-gun. We are anti-bullet hole. Let's work together.
Join us, or move over! This is our lane. We as a society must do something about gun violence NOW!
Also, I live in a region where about 70% of the population owns guns. But the homicide and suicide rate is very, very low. Why? I'm not sure at this time but I along with the majority of our country are tired and scared of the gun-related violence.
The holiday of Thanksgiving reminds us that we ought to be thankful for the blessings and the people in our lives. But what do we do when it seems that everything is going haywire? Maybe somebody recently wronged you. An unexpected expense has thrown off your budget. That new role at your job isn't as shiny as you thought it would be. Or maybe you've been trying to do the right things, live the right way, but situations STILL aren't working out in your favor.
How do you cope? How do you resist the urge to give up? How do you continue to do good even when you're not seeing any immediate benefits from "living the right way? And HOW IN THE WORLD can you be thankful for all of this? Sometimes we have to be thankful for what we have and enjoy the day and family and friends.
This entry was posted in Active Shooter, America's Gun Culture, Democrats, Gun Controls;, Health Care, Holidays, Physicians, Republicans, Shootings, Thanksgiving, Trump, Uncategorized on November 19, 2018 by raaorsini.
← What the New Democratic House majority might actually pass on health care; and It Looks Like VA Healthcare Maybe Improving! California Fire: What is the Impact on Health in the Long Run and the Relationship to Climate Change? Also, Consider What Happens When We are Outspoken on Gun Violence. →


Shortly after IBM released its poll of 1,500 CEOs who identified creativity as the no. 1 "leadership competency," Newsweek published an article that was sure to disappoint. U.S. creativity scores are on the decline.
According to the article, American teachers warn there's no room in the curriculum for creativity classes. But scientists are quick to point out that art isn't the only path to creativity. The creative process isn't about applying known solutions. It's about divergent thinking and cognitive skill sets, something that often becomes lost in the rote memorization that overcrowds curriculum.
However, it's not just about education in schools. Its about how kids play too. Video games, for example, require rote memorization much more for success than creativity. Immersive worlds require less imagination and much more memory of where certain advantage areas exist on a map and how to a mouse or game pad in a particular way to gain an advantage.
How To Apply Creativity Into Everyday Life.
The greatest creative sparks aren't born from what you have. The greatest creative sparks are from what you don't have. And, I might lump experiences into the mix along with the materials at hand. The same holds true for kids and adults alike.
• Broaden Yourself. Try new experiences, things you wouldn't ordinarily do. Even experiences that seem ordinary can provide a unique perspective. Recently, Psychology Today ran an article on how living aboard can make you more creative. But if you apply a little more logic to Art Markman's post, you might not have to go very far at all. Even within your community, there are cultural and demographic differences that can stimulate your head.
For children, it's easy enough. Pull them away from the immersive activities and introduce more explorative activities. For adults, it might be more challenging. Break out of the routine by randomizing your weekend activities, restaurants, and even what you listen to.
• Challenge Yourself. Don't take the easy road. The China Economic Review noted that business educators are placing a heavier emphasis on entrepreneurship necessity. Instead of attempting to copy what works (rote memorization and case studies), they are trying to teach the next generation of business leaders to solve problems with less.
For kids, it might mean creating their own game rather than relying on one they already own. Or, interweaving different lessons within a specific context such as learning math as Egyptians might have needed it to build the pyramids. For adults, it can be virtually anything from limiting the amount of time to get household chores done (but still get them done) to recreating a recipe (substituting duck for chicken, perhaps).
• Question Yourself. Ask questions, even when things work. Almost every business problem-solving course eventually touches on creativity and innovation. One of those models was developed by Alex Osborn and Sidney Parnes. Their Creative Problem Solving Process always emphasized asking more and more questions in order to help clarify problems. And, they follow it up by providing dozens of answers to each one, even if it leads to more questions.
For kids, the warning sign to watch for is when they stop asking so many questions by middle school. When they stop asking questions, it's time to start asking them questions — even if those questions seem ridiculous (like what if clouds were made of Jello). For adults, the best place to start is often on all those challenges, dreams, and tasks that fall by the wayside. Make a list for each and start asking what you could do about taking care of it or making it happen.
Americans Aren't Losing Their Creativity.
People don't necessarily lose creativity as much as they lose the will to provide for it. Given how many hours people spend surfing the net, it's no wonder there doesn't seem to enough time in the day for anything else.
Sure, the Internet can be enriching in terms of making new connections and being exposed to other people's creativity. However, sometimes you have to unplug from what is becoming too familiar of an environment and set out to make your own way. Or, in other words, sometimes finding the answer without Googling it can lead to a better solution and always a richer experience.


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How TV Killed Hollywood's Golden Age
Television brought film into people's homes—but flattened Hollywood.
If you consider films like Rebecca, Citizen Kane or All About Eve to be cinematic masterpieces, you're not alone. All three were born during Hollywood's Golden Age, a wildly creative era in which movies dominated mass entertainment and their glamorous stars entranced the public.
But during the 1940s and 1950s, that success suddenly evaporated. Movie palaces shuttered, once mighty studios closed down and some of Hollywood's greatest actors, directors and screenwriters stopped making films. It was the end of an era and television was to blame: the new technology effectively killed Hollywood's Golden Age.
These days, you're much more likely to turn on your television than to head to a movie theater. Here's how TV captivated American audiences—and upended just about everything about the movie business along the way.
Though historians can't agree on the exact years of Hollywood's so-called Golden Age, the years 1930 through 1945 were particularly good for moviemaking. Hollywood glittered not just with profit, but with popular stars and brilliant filmmakers. In those 15 years, more than 7,500 features were released and the number of Americans who watched at least one movie in a theater per week swelled to more than 80 million. It was the best of times—and beloved movies like The Wizard of Oz, It's a Wonderful Life, Casablanca, King Kong and Gone With the Wind are proof of the creative genius unleashed by those stable years.
Billie Burke as Glinda the Good Witch and Judy Garland as Dorothy in a scene from 'The Wizard Of Oz', 1939. (Credit: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/Getty Images)
Part of the winning formula had to do with the studio system. On the lots of the "big eight" studios (20th Century Fox, Columbia Pictures, MGM, Paramount Pictures, RKO Radio Pictures, United Artists, Universal Studios and Warner Bros.), pools of incomparable acting talent on long-term contracts and hordes of talented artisans helped turn screenplays into vivid films. Since studios were so profitable (in part due to their iron grip on movie distribution), they could afford to gamble on creative writing and art direction. And their careful management of actors' personal and professional lives meant they had plenty of beloved movie stars.
But as the good years wore on, movies developed a potentially destructive rival: TV. By the 1930s, technological leaps and a series of high-profile experimental broadcasts made it clear that one day television would be broadcast directly into people's homes. Though a few stations with experimental licenses began broadcasting things like baseball games and early news programs in New York in 1939, television sets were expensive and programming limited. When World War II began, materials shortages halted the expansion of TV in the United States. The threat had been put off—momentarily.
Then the war ended, and social changes turned a trickle of demand for television into a tidal wave. Americans had scrimped and saved since the Great Depression, and when men returned home from war, many families were ready to start spending. Often, their first purchase—with assistance from federal home loans—was a house in the suburbs. Between 1947 and 1953, the number of people living in suburbs grew 43 percent. Since these newly built areas weren't close to downtown movie palaces and often lacked mass transportation options, people began to seek entertainment inside their homes.
A family watching television in their home, circa 1955. (Credit: Archive Photos/Getty Images)
They found it on their new TV sets, and in 1948 four major TV networks began broadcasting a full prime-time schedule seven nights a week. Major studios, perhaps seeing the writing on the wall, started scrambling to purchase interests in TV stations. They succeeded, gaining a majority control of TV studios by 1948.
That same year, though, the Supreme Court found Paramount guilty of price-fixing in an antitrust lawsuit. It forced all major movie studios to loosen their grip on the theaters that showed their movies and split up their businesses so they no longer combined production, distribution and exhibition.
The federal government quickly smacked down the studios' ambitions to control television. Federal laws allowed the government to deny TV licenses to companies that had been convicted of engaging in monopolistic activities. The Federal Communications Commission put the powerful studios, which controlled not just their creative artists but the distributors and the movie theaters, in jeopardy.
Shut out from potential TV station ownership and stripped of the control that provided most of their profits, studios began to falter. As the Cold War got chillier, Hollywood was pressured to blacklist actors, directors, screenwriters and others who were suspected of sympathizing with Communists. This drained the industry of some of its best talent.
A group of Hollywood celebrities at the Capitol to protest the tactics of the House Un-American Activities Committee's investigation into alleged Hollywood communism. This photo includes actors like Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall. (Credit: Bettmann Archive/Getty Images)
Broadcast television was free, and it was hard for studios to convince people to look away from a cheap medium that was already in their own homes. Meanwhile, many in-demand stars who weren't blacklisted left the studios behind and flocked to television, too.
In a desperate bid to stay in business, movie studios diversified. They began to produce not just movies, but television shows. Studios licensed out their movies for television broadcast, opened record labels, and created theme parks in an attempt to make more money. Studios even turned their backs on strict morality codes in an attempt to offer viewers something they couldn't get on TV, which could not show controversial or suggestive material due to tough FCC regulations. As a result, movies became more titillating and featured more adult content than before the rise of television.
By the 1960s, more than half of all American homes contained television sets, and TV had done away with nearly everything that made the major motion picture studios so great. Tighter belts meant movie studios took fewer creative risks and invested less money in quality films. Movie palaces fell into disrepair. Fewer feature films were made, and often studios had to rely on sales of their back catalogs for televisions syndication for profit instead of their own current-day films.
Luckily, the rise of TV didn't mean the death of popular entertainment—just its migration to a smaller screen. But the days of the unstoppable Hollywood studio now seem as far away as the days when a movie ticket cost nothing but a quarter.
Golden Age Hollywood Had a Dirty Little Secret: Drugs
How Classic Hollywood's Party Culture Turned Women Into Prey
The Most Influential Classic Shows from TV's 'Golden Age'
Classic Hollywood's Greatest Feuds
How the Great Depression Became the Golden Age for Monopoly


Our college, basically catering to rural students, has never shown lagged behind in the academic excellence. They have always found a niche in the merit list prepared by the university. They attain position among the first ten students in the University.


A wedding is a ceremony, religious or otherwise, where two people are united in marriage. There are different types of wedding depending on the ceremony that unites them. Religious weddings could be a Christian wedding, Muslim wedding, Hindi wedding and so on. The wedding could also be strictly legal where the vows are overseen by a representative of the attorney general in the presence of a few witnesses. What role does bespoke tailoring play in the wedding industry?
What happens in the wedding?
There are numerous activities that occur during a wedding. There is usually the main ceremony where the couple is married and then the reception. The wedding ceremony may include singing, dancing, a sermon by a church minister, exchange of rings and signing of marriage certificates. The reception is usually the celebratory part of the ceremony and there is a lot of merry making. People eat, take photos, catch up with family and friends, dance to their favourite music, wish the couple well through speeches and present their gifts to the couple. The culmination of the reception is usually cake cutting and playing different games. Weddings are generally happy occasions and people must therefore have fun and enjoy the ceremony.
The wedding venue is usually determined by the couple's idea of a perfect wedding. The beach is one of the most popular wedding venues of all times. The wedding may take place in a garden or it may take place indoors in a large hall. It could also take place in a park, aquarium or even in a museum. Wedding venues can be located in the urban or rural areas and they may be picturesque or they could be ordinary areas. In addition to this, wedding venues could be in the home city or town or in a destination city in another part of the world.
As guests, it is important to ensure that you dress the part whenever you are attending a wedding. While you could choose to wear something that is in accordance with the thematic colours of the wedding, this is not necessarily compulsory unless the bride and groom specified so. However, it is good that the gents look sharp in their suits and tuxedos unless for weddings that are taking place in the beach or in extremely hot areas. The exception also applies in the case that the wedding theme does not require a suit or tuxedo.
For the ladies, a high quality dress or suit matched with the correct pair of shoes is a great choice. The dress should be comfortable such that you can have fun at the wedding. The accessories used for the dress should match to prevent ruining your look. Both for men and women, there is a need for well-fitting clothing items. This is the role played by bespoke tailoring where high quality pieces are designed specific to each person's measurements and body stature to ensure that the clothes fit and drape perfectly.
While the bride is traditionally expected to wear a white dress, some people are moving away from this tradition and considering their favourite colours. Gowns now even come in different colours to suit different brides. You may wonder why a bride would go for a coloured gown but it all boils down to their tastes and preferences. The gown can also be customised through bespoke tailoring to ensure that it fits like a glove.


"I did my first dive in 2011 on the island of Reunion. in 2012 I bought my first compact but automatic. I soon loved underwater photography but I knew nothing about photography. I read a lot, I registered on the forum French underwater photo where I learned a lot. in 2013 I bought my first compact camera expert, Sony RX100 with Acquapazza housing a flash. I quickly bought the second flash and a macro lens. Now I also have a wide angle lens. I have been much helped by underwater photographer with who I dive. I love macro photography especially opistobranches. there is little time, I started working on the photos atmospheres. Now I try to vary the pleasures. I currently live and for 3 years on the island but returns to the French mainland soon."


16 фев 2015 ... «Аллах – Тот, Кто сотворил семь небес и столько же земель… ..... Не прослеживается ли в этом определенный символизм, если провести параллель между чужестранцем из пустыни, ... Источник: Islam-Science.net.
Journey starts frm Allah n the destination is back to Allah ..... The Quran is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God.
Islam, Quran and Heritage · السلام على الرؤوس .... Science Now Proves Reincarnation: A Look At The Soul's Journey After "Death" .maybe so cennet paradise. Jeanne de ... Azadari Мухаррам, Священный Коран, Пророк Мухаммад, Аллах.
Мусульмане считают его точной записью прямой речи Аллаха, переданной ..... faith/the-quran-and-modern-science-3/ (дата обращения: 22.06.2018). Ibn Kathir ... a few attempts to prove that their holy book contains information about.
7 янв 2016 ... Сингулярность - невозможность провести мировую линию. ... которую - если так угодно сотворил аллах\бог\всевышний и т.п. Ответить.
Tajweed Rules -:- Learn Quran with Basic Rules of Tajweed - Learn Bol… ... Science Пророк Мухаммад, Священный Коран, Альхамдулиллах, Иудаизм ... This proves without any doubt that the Qur'an must be the literal word of Allah SWT.
Tajweed Rules -:- Learn Quran with Basic Rules of Tajweed - Learn Bol… ... The origin of Islamic faith goes back to the early century, when Allah SWT selected Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ as his Last Messenger. When the Holy .... Origin of life - science in the Quran. ..... "proof Quran is the word of the Almighty Creator/God/ Allah!".
The Scientific Miracles of Quran. Education website.
Yusuf Estes talking about science and religion in general to an audience in Bangalore, India. Note: Commenting is only permitted in pt 7. Part 1/7.
Включить следующим. Воспроизвести. Science proves Quran is From Allah [The seas' not mingling with one another] Part 11 of 18.
Quran and Science. The Opener (First Chapter of The Quran).
Lecture by Skiekh Yusuf Estes about Science and Quran.


We've kind of nudged and nudged and winked and winked about it.
One Hall of Famer plays three Manamorphose in a deck that doesn't usually play it; another Pro Tour Champion runs a singleton. Together they get it right.
To make room for this Innovation, Wrapter went down to one copy of Eidolon of the Great Revel, cut all the Skullcracks, and... Added Bedlam Reveler!
The Innovations are not all intuitive (so we'll rattle through them). First of all, with Manamophose but not fringe garbage like Shard Volley, Josh will just draw his Lightning Bolts and Lightning Helixes more often than other Red Decks. That's a given. He is also better set up to grind with those Bedlam Revelers (in-part powered by the Manamorphoses). But colors matter more now!
While Mike has won with Stomping Ground Red Decks, he's been on R/W since Inspiring Vantage was printed. While he can "get" someone playing Stomping Ground, playing it for [only] three sideboard Destructive Revelries makes little sense. Here, Wrapter splashes for both Destructive Revelry and Ancient Grudge... And can hit green with no Stomping Ground on the battlefield. Surprise!
Kor Firewalker makes great sense in this build. The WW isn't too hard to hit for Red Decks, but it's particularly easy when you can turn GG, RR, or GR into WW.
Legacy! Jim Davis put together a trifecta of Portent, Predict, and Terminus to make up for the lack of Sensei's Divining Top - Jim's U/W Miracles deck can set up a Terminus with Portent, or mess up the opponent's draw (while drawing tons extra). Portent + Predict being an oldie-but-goodie.
Legacy! What can you get with one Crop Rotation? If you're playing one Crop Rotation in Elves, you can grab a singleton Cavern of Souls to crush blue, or increase the redundancy of your Cradles.
I guess listen to the podcast first!
Breaking Branchwalker: New Technology in Standard!
Think you know what's going on in Standard? Mono-Red Beatdown, some vanilla Sultai with The Scarab God, maybe some B/U Control?
Jadelight Ranger - co-explore creatures as an explore creature to help build towards ambitious mana.
Lax's take played tons of cards that cost four mana or more between deck and sideboard, topping up with some powerful, game-winning, six drops.
We've seen similar shells before. After all Merfolk Branchwalker and Jadelight Ranger make a lot of sense together. Twos and threes, these creatures attack, block, fix the top of your library, and generate card advantage.
Adding Earthshaker Khenra and Resilient Khenra as a third pair creates a whole new dimension to the deck. Because "explore" creatures like Jadelight Ranger and Merfolk Branchwalker can put cards into the graveyard, they can imply future card advantage because you can play the respective Khenra cards out of the graveyard.
Often when Merfolk Branchwalker flips a land, we call that card advantage; now if it flips a Khenra -- and puts it into the graveyard -- it is stockpiling future card advantage!
Find out more in this week's podcast!


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ρ Table of Contents W ith thousands of different spray nozzles available in hundreds of different materials, it's often hard to know where to start.
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Home » Collaborations With Community and Health Systems Help Homeless Patients Gain Housing, Healthcare Services
Collaborations With Community and Health Systems Help Homeless Patients Gain Housing, Healthcare Services
Project reduces ED visits, hospital stays
Collaboration to Help Homeless Patients Works When a Quarterback Leads the Team
Mobile Integrated Health Helps With Patients' Transitioning Gap
As Healthcare Becomes Value-based, Hospital Partners With the Community for Patient Care
Chronic Care Management Services and Revenue Under Merit-Based Incentive Payment System
Contracted Hospital Services: Certifying Compliance with CMS, TJC & DNV
The healthcare system is uniquely positioned to see how the social safety net can fail people who are homeless and who often suffer from substance use disorders and severe mental illness.
• Homeless people end up in emergency rooms when they fail to find community help for their chronic illnesses.
• Housing First is a national model that focuses on finding housing for homeless individuals and helping them obtain healthcare and other services.
• Bergen County, New Jersey, is the first place in the United States to end homelessness, and the University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System is one of the first hospitals to find housing for homeless patients.
Communities nationwide cope with homeless populations and their multiple behavioral, mental, and physical health issues. Hospitals and outpatient providers often see these patients when they are at their worst medically, but until recently, they have not been involved in helping homeless people find housing.
That is changing, starting in cities like Chicago, where homeless patients return to hospitals and EDs so frequently that nurses know some of them by name.
"A risk factor for being homeless is the number of times a person comes into the emergency room," says Stephen Brown, MSW, LCSW, director of preventive emergency medicine at University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System.
"We had one person who came in 140 times in a year," he says. The visits stopped only after the patient was struck and killed in a vehicle-pedestrian accident, he adds.
One of the reasons so many homeless people end up in EDs is because there are not enough community services to help them with medical, behavioral health, and mental health needs. "The failure of other systems means the cost is shifted into healthcare," Brown explains.
A novel solution is for health systems to use some of their own resources to find homes for their homeless patients. It is part of the national Housing First model, in which healthcare providers and community organizations focus first on finding people homes, followed by helping them with their medical and other issues. (See story on Housing First in the February 2018 issue of Case Management Advisor.)
The University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, along with other health systems, local nonprofit organizations, and governmental agencies, developed the Better Health Through Housing program that helps homeless individuals find permanent housing as they stabilize their health. So far, the outcomes are positive with reductions in ED visits, hospitalizations, and costs.
ED visits dropped 57% and hospitalizations declined 67% among people in the housing program. The program also saw a 21% reduction in healthcare utilization costs related to the University of Illinois Hospital — but not including other hospitals, Brown says.
"On the survey, many individuals reported going to between two and five different emergency rooms, but we were only able to capture our healthcare costs," he explains. "It's very difficult to get claims data in the state."
In other communities, initiatives to end the problem of homelessness have begun with governmental and nonprofit agencies in collaboration with healthcare providers.
For example, Bergen County in New Jersey is the first community in the nation to have ended chronic homelessness, according to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (More information can be found at: http://bit.ly/2JMbSpt.)
"We've been very successful because of a number of reasons," says Julia Orlando, CRC, EdM, MA, director of the Bergen County Housing, Health, and Human Services Center in Hackensack, NJ.
The housing center is a collaborative effort by governmental agencies, faith-based organizations, and nonprofits. They follow a Housing First model, with a focus on healthcare and everything else from legal help to free meals that a homeless person might need, she says.
"We're a one-stop location where people can get meals, shelter, access to healthcare, and — most importantly — access to housing," Orlando explains. "All the different agencies that intersect with this work have one place in which they can do it together."
The 25,000-square-foot facility employs onsite nurses and legal aid services. For the past two years, the center has helped Bergen County sustain functional zero in chronic homelessness — defined as when the number of homeless patients does not outpace the monthly housing placement rate — including for veterans, Orlando says.
The center found permanent housing for about 1,300 people. There is a 90-day emergency shelter, and center staff work quickly to come up with a permanent housing plan for each person in the shelter.
"Everything we do is focused on getting people back into housing," Orlando says.
"Our relationship with local hospitals and providers has evolved over the years," she adds. "There's a high need for substance use treatment, and mental healthcare also is a big need among this population."
Chronically homeless people often have neglected their medical needs for years, ignoring symptoms of diabetes and other chronic illnesses. When they are very sick, they visit the ED and improve enough to return to the streets.
"They use the ER quite frequently, and one of our goals was to stop the overuse of ERs," Orlando says. "By having nurses onsite and making sure everyone coming in has had an evaluation, the nurses are then able to connect people to primary care so they can rely less on emergency services."
As an ED social worker 14 years ago, Brown was struck by how many patients with severe mental illness and homelessness came through the doors. "There was no systemic approach to handling these cases, and many of these individuals were what we now deem superutilizers of emergency medicine."
A recent study of homeless adults who repeatedly visited the ED found that they reported comorbid psychiatric, substance use, and medical conditions, as well as high levels of pain. The study also found that a social work case management intervention helped this population become more stable and resulted in their using ED alternatives.1
Brown was an early believer in the concept of identifying structural issues that prevent people from getting necessary medical help and fixing these through case management strategies.
"In emergency medicine, there is a lot of burnout because staff is overwhelmed with the number of patients coming in all the time," Brown notes. "And one definition of burnout is feeling powerless to change things that would impact patients' lives."
It took another decade before Brown was able to turn his idea of tackling homelessness to improve homeless patients' health into a funded plan, based on the Housing First model.
The University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System partnered with the Center for Housing and Health in Chicago to start a pilot program targeting the chronically homeless population. (See story in this issue on how homeless agency/healthcare provider collaborations work.)
The program started in November 2015 and has placed more than 55 individuals in supportive housing, Brown says.
"We've been tracking their outcomes, too," he adds.
About 47% of people who are placed in homes have stayed there, a percentage that seems low but could be related to the population's high rate of multiple conditions, including mental illness, which impacted nearly three out of four people in the program's first cohort.2
"Two of the individuals qualified to be institutionalized," Brown says. "We tried to move one person into permanent housing, but she was too acutely mentally ill, untreated, and now she's in a state mental hospital."
The program has continued since its initial grant, using $300,000 in hospital funding.
"We have had three cohorts, each based on the fiscal year in which funding came through," Brown says. "In our first cohort, 26 individuals were placed in housing, and the mortality rate was 30% — very high, very disturbing."
This cohort's comorbidities included the following:
• 77% with substance use disorder;
• 77% with hypertension;
• 57% with asthma/COPD;
• 42% with cancer;
• 23% with diabetes;
• 23% with heart failure;
• 19% with metastatic cancer;
• 19% with HIV.2
"It was stunning the amount of comorbidities we saw in the first cohort," Brown says. "We're just now coming to terms with the severity of mental illness in individuals in our program."
These very sick, homeless patients need housing alignment and support, he says.
From the population health perspective, the housing focus makes sound economic sense, he notes.
"One emergency room visit is more expensive than putting someone up in a luxury hotel," Brown says.
1. Moore M, Conrick KM, Reddy A, et al. From their perspectives: the connection between life stressors and health care service use patterns of homeless frequent users of the emergency department. Health Soc Work. 2019;Epub ahead of print.
2. Brown S. Better health through housing, a healthcare & housing collaborative: Lessons Learned. Research presented at the Community and Global Health Honors Program, March 12, 2019, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood Illinois.
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Case Management Advisor
Case Management Advisor (Vol. 30, No. 5) - May 2019
Organizational Plans to Help Homeless Patients Become Healthier
Many Homeless Individuals Need Mental Health, Substance Use Treatment
Health System Uses Predictive Analytics to Reduce Readmissions
Optima Health Applies SDOH With Nutrition Programs, Mobile Healthcare
CMS Changes Nursing Home Compare, May Drop Star Ratings
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Financial Disclosure: Author Melinda Young, Editor Jill Drachenberg, Editor Jesse Saffron, Editorial Group Manager Terrey L. Hatcher, and Nurse Planner Toni Cesta report no consultant, stockholder, speaker's bureau, research, or other financial relationships with companies having ties to this field of study.


Something really neat happened a few weeks ago. I was contacted by the Globe and Mail, a national newspaper in Canada, and did an interview for an article they were writing about raw food. Out of the 45 minutes of chatting that I did with the journalist, only bits and pieces were included - some not even accurate - but it was really cool to be included. A photographer came to my house and did a photoshoot of my with my desserts. One good sized photo made it into the paper. A really fun and beautiful shot!
Now onto a recent recipe that I created for Vivapura's blog. I covered some raw superfood squares with a chocolate fudge, creating a great afternoon pick-me-up.
In a food processor grind the almonds, cashews, pistachios, and mulberries down to crumbs. Add all remaining ingredients except the water and cacao nibs. Process until broken down. Add the water. Pulse to combine. Add the cacao nibs and pulse in. Press into an 8x8" pan (I pressed them into 3/4 of the pan to make them thicker). Chill in the fridge for at least 4 hours and then slice into squares. Chill in the freezer until ready to dip them into the chocolate.
Combine all ingredients in a high speed blender until completely smooth. Pour the chocolate into a bowl that is sitting over a pot of hot water. Dunk each square into the chocolate. Lift out with a fork and set on a parchment paper lined tray. Allow to set in the freezer. Sprinkle with lucuma powder before eating.
And here are some of my latest raw dessert recipe videos!
Superfood chocolates made into hearts!


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Biohazard, Trauma and Crime Scene Cleanup Services in West Haven-Sylvan, Oregon
Bio-One is always prepared to remedy situations that arise from unexpected events such as death, traumatic injury, and hazardous situations. We deploy our teams quickly so you can focus on all the other necessary arrangements to begin the healing process.
Facts about West Haven-Sylvan, Oregon
West Haven-Sylvan is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washington County, Oregon, United States, north of U.S. Route 26. As of the 2000 census, the CDP population was 7,147.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.7 square miles (7.0 km²), all land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,147 people, 3,395 households, and 1,738 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,673.9 people per square mile (1,033.5/km²). There were 3,572 housing units at an average density of 1,336.4/sq mi (516.5/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 89.45% White, 1.18% African American, 0.50% Native American, 5.40% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 1.06% from other races, and 2.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.84% of the population.
Serving West Haven-Sylvan, Oregon
Bio-One services all types of trauma, distressed property, and biohazard scenes in communities throughout Portland area. We partner with local authorities, communities, emergency services personnel, victim services groups, hoarding task forces, apartment complexes, insurance companies and others to provide the most efficient and superior service possible.
We are your crime scene cleaners dedicated to assisting law enforcement, public service agencies and property owners/managers in restoring property that has been contaminated as a result of crime, disaster or misuse.
We have fielded thousands of calls and recovered just about any situation out there in a professional and compassionate matter.
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We maintain strict adherence to OSHA rules and regulations to ensure the safety of our workers, the public, and of you and your family.
We are proud to have a great working relationship with the Police, Fire, and most Insurance Agencies.
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