The International Criminal Court's two Libya cases, against Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senussi, appear potentially poised to end in Libya, in an amnesty and an execution: neither would be an appropriate result.
After the UN Security Council referred the situation in Libya to the ICC, the Court rendered divergent rulings on complementarity— that Saif Gaddafi should be tried at the ICC, while Senussi could stand trial in Libya. Saif was never transferred, as he reportedly was held by a militia in Zintan and not governmental authorities. Both men were then sentenced to death in a flawed domestic trial in Libya. Now, new, unconfirmed news reports suggest that Saif has been amnestied. Senussi appears still to be under a death sentence.
In her recent May 26 briefing to the U.N. Security Council, the chief prosecutor of the ICC Fatou Bensouda had announced new efforts to get Saif transferred to The Hague – asking the Pre-Trial Chamber to direct the ICC Registry to send the request for Saif's arrest and surrender directly to the head of the militia. This approach may prove moot if reports are true that he was amnestied (and one report, now contradicted, was that he had been released). These events then present the concern of him potentially escaping accountability, depending on whether or not his ICC case would proceed if there is a (valid) domestic amnesty of him. This presumably will now be litigated at the ICC – that is, what becomes of the ICC case after a flawed domestic trial in Libya that was never supposed to happen because he was supposed to have been transferred, and in light of a possible domestic amnesty that may or may not be valid.
Disappointingly, in her May briefing, the Prosecutor did not announce any intention to revisit complementarity (admissibility) in the Senussi case. This is unfortunate. When the ICC ruled that Libya could try him, there were before the Court only initial indications that his trial in Libya might face fairness challenges — lack of counsel in early phases of the proceedings. The Court did not reach other issues, finding them speculative.
lack of a reasoned ruling—the failure to make individualized determinations as to individual criminal responsibility.
Additional fair trial violations may include denial of the right to remain silent, to be promptly informed of the charges against one, and to challenge the evidence presented. Saif was also largely tried in absentia, and there are allegations that both were tortured.
The ICC Appeals Chamber unfortunately set a very high standard before it would consider due process violations in a national court process when evaluating admissibility. It required a showing that national proceedings were "so egregious that the proceedings can no longer be regarded as being capable of providing any genuine form of justice to the accused." This, in the author's view, is too stringent a standard, especially where the death penalty is involved; the Court's ruling merits reconsideration.
Absent reconsideration, however, given all the fair trial violations that occurred after the Court's ruling, this standard is arguably met — new information reveals that due process was indeed egregiously violated when compared to the appropriate international standards. Furthermore, the Court should err on the side of caution, in a death penalty case, which warrants even more exacting adherence to due process. Thus, both the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) and Senussi's council should move to reopen admissibility. The death sentence against him suggests the urgency of doing so.
Beyond the complication of the two Libya cases, States Parties should revisit the issue of complementarity and the death penalty. There is currently nothing in the Rome Statute to preclude the judges from ruling a case "inadmissible" at the ICC, thereby permitting trial in a country that applies the death penalty. Yet, most Rome Statute States Parties oppose the death penalty, and would never extradite someone to stand trial in a country that uses the death penalty without assurances that it would not be used.
Because Senussi was never in The Hague, it didn't look like the ICC was transferring him to a country that applies the death penalty, because there was no transfer involved. But giving the green light to his trial in Libya has the same result. In negotiating the Rome Statute, states may have agreed to allow national countries to use all the penalties on their books when exercising complementarity, yet, as more and more countries reject use of the death penalty, States Parties at the upcoming Assembly of States Parties meeting should request the Court to adopt a Policy of requesting diplomatic assurances of non-use of the death penalty in any ICC cases ruled inadmissible.
It is troubling for the ICC to play a role in allowing domestic executions. UN-backed tribunals such as the Yugoslav and Rwanda Tribunals did not apply the death penalty, nor does the ICC when a case is still before it. The Rwanda Tribunal even waited until Rwanda abolished the death penalty before transferring its rule 11bis cases back to Rwanda.
— not least, for the accused, as the Libyan trial was by all accounts palpably flawed.
For the same reason – that the trial was palpably flawed – it is also troubling if Saif's case ends with a domestic amnesty (an outcome we can expect the OTP to fight). In neither case, was justice done.
Regardless of the outcome of these cases, the linkage between the ICC and the death penalty remains in the Rome Statute and warrants revisiting.
–Jennifer Trahan is Associate Clinical Professor, at The Center for Global Affairs, NYU-SPS, and Chair of the American Branch of the International Law Association's International Criminal Court Committee. The views expressed are those of the author.


World enterprise from an economic perspective is the focus of our division's teaching and research. By enrolling in this program, you may have the distinctive alternative to choose from a big number of Enterprise and Economics courses at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU). Situated in Amsterdam's enterprise district, the Faculty of Economics & Business Administration has utilized for AACSB accreditation and provides programs in Enterprise Information Methods, Finance, International Enterprise Law, International Provide Chain Administration, Group Idea, and plenty of other matters. You can too complement your research on the VU with an IES Overseas course taught at the Middle in Artwork History, Artwork, Cultural Studies, Dutch, or Gender Research.
The Department of Enterprise and Economics interprets Emmanuel's commitment to ethics and social justice into its curriculum, sharing values around rigor, relevance, collaboration and integrity. All students pursuing a degree in Business Administration will graduate with a Bachelor of Science in Enterprise Administration with a concentration in certainly one of five areas: Accounting, Entrepreneurship, Healthcare Administration, Administration, or Marketing. College students declare one concentration as their preferred focus when declaring their main.
We enforce many consumer legal guidelines to encourage truthful, protected and trustworthy buying and selling. Whats up, I registered my LTD company in 2011, and it has been buying and selling ever since. Create a trading fund and open a separate bank account for it. Like all businesses, chances are you'll be strapped for capital when starting out, but do what you'll be able to to determine a fund that's separate from financial savings you might want to shield your loved ones's financial security.


text:
Ain Shams Launches Energy Excellence Center in Presence of New US Amb.
by Mai Shaheen
Engineering Faculty Ain Shams University, inaugurated today, the Excellence Center in Energy, with the support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in cooperation with the Higher Education and Scientific Research Ministry and MIT.
The Centre aims to promote applied research, scholarship and innovation in the energy field.
The Center was launched by US Ambassador Jonathan Cohen, Ms. Cherie Carlin, USAID Mission Director, Dr. Khaled Abdel Ghaffar, Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Dr. Mohamed Shaker, Minister of Electricity and Energy, and Dr. Sahar Nasr, Minister of Investment and International Cooperation.
The distinguished guests were accompanied by Dr. Mahmoud Al-Matini. President of Ain Shams University, Dr. Mohamed Ayman Ashour, the Faculty of Engineering Dean, Ain Shams University, Dr. Eric Grimson, Advisor to MIT, and Dr. Ahmed Ghoneim, Senior Researcher at MIT.
Dr. Abdel Ghaffar said that the new center is part of USAID's five-year, $ 90 million initiative, which also includes the Center of Excellence in Agriculture hosted by Cairo University in partnership with Cornell University.
The Water Excellence Center at Alex University in partnership with the American University in Cairo.
The three centers focus on areas identified by the Egyptian government as their priorities, starting with Egypt's Vision 2030, which will lead research and innovation in key sectors of Egypt's future economic growth.
The minister stressed that a great effort has been made in three years to reach these results now; the 180 years since the establishment of the Engineering Faculty, Ain Shams University and its cooperation with the most important Institute of Energy MIT, is a new achievement in the higher education field in Egypt.
As a result of this cooperation, 27 students travel to the institute in America for training and 93 students will travel next year.
He explained that Egypt is a regional leader in Africa and the Middle East in the field of scientific research and innovation, especially in cooperation with the American side.
Also, Egypt seeks to be among the 30 most powerful countries in the world.
On his part, Cohen explained that the Center of Excellence in Energy would support research that plays a critical role in the growth of the Egyptian economy and job creation.
It will also provide scholarship opportunities for students to continue studying in energy-related fields in both Egypt and the United States, in line with Egypt's current needs.
In the same vein, Dr. El-Matiny said that the university is proud to be chosen to host the Center of Excellence in Energy by the American side; Ain Shams is one of the universities working in this huge project in cooperation with the universities of Mansoura and Aswan.
He added that the university seeks to participate in many fields of reform and development of higher education to support of scientific research and innovation
In addition, the new center is an important step to promote the goals of sustainable development for Egypt.
Dr. Ashour explained that the launching of Excellence Center in Energy in partnership with the American MIT Institute, ranked No. 1 in the engineering and technology field in the world, is the first of its kind in Egypt.
Tags: Energy Excellence CenterHigher Education Ministry
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Disable 'RuntimeIdentifier' subfolder in ASP.NET Core output path ASP.NET Core projects create many subdirectories like:

bin\Debug\ne47\win81-x64

I found that one of them can be disabled with the secret AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath and I now have:

bin\Debug\win81-x64

but I'd like it to just be the old

bin\Debug

so I tried to find something similar in learn.microsoft.com but there is not even the first option.
Why is this so secret that it's nowhere documented? Is there such an option for the other subdirectory too?
I guess this is comming from the

<RuntimeIdentifier>win81-x64</RuntimeIdentifier>

but why? I didn't ask for it.

A:
Disable 'RuntimeIdentifier' subfolder in ASP.NET Core output path

You can disable this behavior by setting:
<AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>false</AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>

This behavior comes from the .NET Core RID Catalog.
Hope this helps.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Густина гірської породи (рос. плотность горной породы, англ. rock density, density of rock; нім. Gesteinsdichte f) — визначається відношенням маси гірської породи до її об'єму (маса одиниці об'єму породи з усіма газами і рідиною, що містяться в її порах).

Загальний опис
Густина гірських порід (Г.г.п.) знаходиться в межах 1000 (туфи) — 4700 кг/м3.

Густина гірської породи залежить від їх мінерального складу, структурно-текстурних особливостей, пористості, виду речовини, що заповнює пори і пустоти (газ, нафта, вода), а також від умов утворення і залягання г.п. Розрізнюють мінералогічну Г.г.п. (відношення маси висушених і подрібнених до зникнення пор твердих частинок породи до їх об'єму), густину абсолютно сухої породи і густину породи, заповненої флюїдами (відношення маси твердої, рідкої і газоподібної фаз гірської породи до об'єму, що займається цими фазами).

Вимірювання Г.г.п. на зразках ведеться головним чином гідростатич. способом, рідше гамма-гамма методами. Найчастіше зустрічається Г.г.п. 1200-4700 кг/м³. Більш високі значення (до 5000 кг/м3) характерні для магматичних порід, оскільки їх пористість мала. Густина осадових гірських порід становить 1200-3000 кг/м3 (найчастіше 1700—2700 кг/м3) і значною мірою визначається їх пористістю, вологістю, фаціально-літологіч. і тектоніч. чинниками. Найстійкіші значення характерні для хемогенних осадових гірських порід — гіпсу (2300 кг/м3), ангідриту (2900 кг/м3), кам. солі (2100—2200 кг/м3), пористість яких рідко перевищує 2-3 %.

Ступінь густини корисної копалини (гірської породи)

Відношення середньої густини власне корисної копалини (або гірської породи) до її густини з урахуванням об'єму пор. Величина, обернена до ступеня густини, є ступенем пористості. Син. — міра густини корисної копалини.

Література

Характеристики гірських порід
Густина

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


All my houses start as a sketch and make their way into peaking, and stretching themselves out of clay. They each truly take on a life of their own.
Every fairy house is hand-built out of clay and goes through multiple firings to achieve a magical finish that no fairy could resist moving into.


text:
Home News Nurses vow to push on with strike until counties 'behave'
Nurses vow to push on with strike until counties 'behave'
George Kebaso@Morarak
Nurses in the public sector have vowed to continue staying away from work as the nationwide labour dispute between them and their employer enters 38th day.
The Kenya National Union of Nurses (Knun) on Tuesday advised its members not to relent maintaining a hard-liner position similar to that of the governors — who have said they do not have money to address their grievances that are largely based on poor working conditions.
Latest outcome is informed by the silence of the two levels of government, despite a meeting with the union on December 31, 2020 towards a return to work formula.
Knun Deputy General Secretary Morris Opetu yesterday said that despite the National and County Governments engaging amongst themselves with other State agencies in order to sign the Return To Work Formula (RTWK), a meeting between them on Monday aborted.
"It is unfortunate that even after fully engaging both levels of government in negotiating on the issues that were raised by the nurses through the multi-agency committee, and concluded and drafted a return to work agreement, the government has not moved to sign the agreement," Opetu said.
Union has blamed the Council of Governors for the mishap, which the nurses hoped, would unlock the stalemate.
"In view of the above, we advise our members to stay put as we wait for the signing of the RTWK and have permanent solutions to our issues," said Opetu.
Union leaders further said even if it takes more than one year, they will not go back to work if their issues are not addressed.
For instance, Knun said their colleagues working at the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital and Kenyatta Nation Hospital will join in the strike due to difficult working conditions.


[Via Josh Marshall's Talking Points Memo] The Spanish daily El País has obtained the transcript of a private conversation between President Bush and then-president of Spain, Jose Maria Aznar, on February 22, 2003, during the final run-up to invasion of Iraq.
For me the most striking impression is how lucid, relaxed, and confident President Bush sounds. The transcript may have been tidied up, but he speaks in full sentences and full paragraphs, something he rarely does in public, unless he is reading from a prepared text.
So, for $1 billion, we could have averted the Iraq War? Why wasn't that a serious, publicly debated, option on the table? Since we didn't have the imagination to envision this option or to take it seriously, hundreds of thousands of people have died, we're on our way to spending a half a trillion dollars, probably a trillion before all is said and done, Iraq is in a civil war, and now we're staring at another possible war with Iran. Who thinks that those would not have been $1 billion well spent?


Des Linden has been, for some time, one of the most popular and respected marathoners in her sport. Des has run 140 mile weeks in the dead of winter in Michigan and the heat of humid Florida. She likes micro brews and her scotch neat. A wry sense of humor, Des Linden is emminently quoteable, but most of all, she races with passion. Her Boston race built until she broke away and became the first American woman to win Boston since 1985.
And now, Des Linden is focused on the streets of New York. Last week, I filmed a series of videos on the Abbott World Marathon Majors, and the unique features in each race. The New York City marathon moved from Central Park to the Five Boroughs in 1976. Many thought, at the time, that the Five Borough race would be a once in a lifetime event, as it was the Bicentennial! The TCS NYC Marathon is a unique day in the Big Apple each year.
We look forward to seeing Des Linden race through the streets of New York on November 4! Be there! RunBlogRun and the Shoe Addicts surely will.
We're pleased to announce that @BostonMarathon champ, @Des_Linden will be running this year's #TCSNYCMarathon. As a part of her training, she will be participating in three NYRR Virtual Races starting with the NYRR Virtual GOOAAALLL 5K. You can train with Des virtually by registering to run an NYRR Virtual Race at nyrr.org/virtualracing.
New York, June 27, 2018 - Boston Marathon champion and two-time Olympian Des Linden will race the 2018 TCS New York City Marathon on Sunday, November 4, making her second appearance at the event after finishing in fifth place in 2014. Linden, who earlier this year became the first American to win the women's open division at the Boston Marathon in 33 years, made the announcement today on the TCS New York City Marathon Instagram account.
"Breaking the tape at this year's Boston Marathon was a lifelong dream come true," Linden said. "At the moment, it felt like it was the culmination of my career, but I believe I still have plenty more to give to the marathon. I'm thrilled to head to the TCS New York City Marathon this fall. I'm motivated to get back on the big stage that NYRR will undoubtedly put together and intend to make a name for myself in another great city."
Leading up to the TCS New York City Marathon, Linden will participate in three NYRR Virtual Races, beginning with the soccer-themed NYRR Virtual GOOAAALLL 5K, which is open to the public from July 1-15. NYRR's Virtual Racing allows runners anywhere in the world to run a race at their convenience and location of their choice during a specified period of time. Launched in beta together with Strava, proceeds from the virtual races support NYRR's mission to help and inspire people through running, and benefit NYRR's youth and community programs.
"New York Road Runners has a great history with Des and we're excited to welcome her back to the TCS New York City Marathon to take on what will be one of our most talented women's open fields in decades," said Peter Ciaccia, president of events for NYRR and race director of the TCS New York City Marathon. "Des is the consummate pro, both on and off the roads. Her win in Boston continued to shine the spotlight on an incredibly talented group of elite women in the U.S. and around the world. And, as she prepares for the streets of New York City this November, we are excited to have Des take part in the NYRR Virtual Racing series, which she will kick off next week."
Linden, 34, has had eight top-five finishes in Abbott World Marathon Majors races in her career. Previously, she has finished at runner-up at the 2010 Chicago and 2011 Boston marathons and fifth-place in Berlin in 2013 and New York in 2014. She was forced to drop out of the London 2012 Olympic Marathon with an injury, but got her redemption four years later in Rio by finishing seventh.
With her 2018 Boston Marathon victory, Linden finished in a four-way tie for seventh place with 25 points in the Abbott World Marathon Majors Series XI standings. Series XI began at the 2017 Virgin Money London Marathon and concluded at the 2018 Virgin Money London Marathon. Series XII will begin at the 2018 BMW Berlin Marathon and conclude at the 2019 BMW Berlin Marathon.
The TCS New York City Marathon is part of the Abbott World Marathon Majors, a series made up of the world's six largest and most renowned road races - the Tokyo, Boston, Virgin Money London, BMW Berlin, Bank of America Chicago, and TCS New York City Marathons. Points are allocated to the top five finishers in each race, with the top three men's and women's finishers in both the open and wheelchair divisions earning prize money.
The TCS New York City Marathon is the largest marathon in the world and the signature event of New York Road Runners (NYRR), the world's premier community running organization. The race is held annually on the first Sunday of November and includes over 50,000 runners, from the world's top professional athletes to runners of all ages and abilities, including over 9,000 charity runners. Participants from approximately 140 countries tour the diverse neighborhoods of New York City's five boroughs--Staten Island, Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx, and Manhattan. Race morning also features the Rising New York Road Runners Youth Invitational at the TCS New York City Marathon, a race within Central Park that finishes at the same finish line being crossed hours later by the marathon field. More than one million spectators and 10,000 volunteers line the city's streets in support of the runners, while millions more watch the globally televised broadcast. Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), a leading global IT services, consulting, and business solutions organization, is the premier partner of NYRR and the title sponsor of the TCS New York City Marathon. The 48th running of the TCS New York City Marathon is set for November 4, 2018. To learn more, visit www.tcsnycmarathon.org.


text: Anchorage-independent growth in semisolid medium and the formation of xenografts in immunocompromised mice are generally considered to be informative for assessing human cell tumorigenicity. Long-term treatment with cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) significantly increases (versus DMSO control or no treatment) the anchorage-independent growth of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. A549 cells were treated with CSC for 300 days (mimicking long-term cigarette smoking) and were allowed to grow for 14 days in soft agarose. The cover features a phase-contrast micropictogram (40× magnification) of colonies of these cells that do not require a solid substratum for growth, an important characteristic feature of cancer cells. 300-Day CSC treated cells were injected s.c. into athymic nude mice, producing tumors of significantly increased volume (P < 0.001) and rate of development (P < 0.01) at 12 weeks [versus injected 300-day DMSO or parental (no-treatment) cells, not shown]. These oncogenic effects were due partly to down-regulation of Smad3. Immortalized bronchial epithelial HPL1A cells, however, did not exhibit similar phenotypes, putatively because these cells may require a longer period of CSC treatment to undergo the additional genetic or epigenetic changes necessary to become tumorigenic. See article by Samanta et al. (beginning on page 453) for more information.


text:
On This Day in 1984: Tina Turner releases "Private Dancer"
May 29, 2014 by Paul Sinclairtags: 1980s, Heaven 17, Martyn Ware, Tina Turner
• Private Dancer at 30, featuring exclusive Martyn Ware interview on working with Tina Turner
Tina Turner's Private Dancer was released on this day 30 years ago.
The record became an enormous success for the singer (then in her mid-forties) thanks in part to an 18-month single release schedule that saw no fewer than seven songs from the ten-track album issued as 45s, in various territories.
The first of those singles was a cover of the Al Green classic Let's Stay Together which, when issued in November 1983, penetrated the UK top ten and became her first top 30 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 since the iconic Nutbush City Limits performed with ex-husband Ike ten years earlier.
That single was produced by Martyn Ware (with Greg Walsh), from Heaven 17 and he spoke to SuperDeluxeEdition recently to share his memories of working with Tina. You can read that interview in full below.
A slowed-down cover of The Beatles' Help! (not issued in the US) was something of a misstep in terms of single performance, but that was swiftly forgotten when Terry Britten and Graham Lyle's What's Love Got To Do With It became a Tina's first (and only) US number one single a few months later.
The rocky Better Be Good To Me consolidated this success in the US, but it's the Mark Knopfler penned title track (no.7 in America) that remains one of the most memorable cuts from the record, particularly the seven-minute plus, album version.
Knopfler had planned for Private Dancer to be included on Dire Straits' Love Over Gold album, but although a backing track was recorded, a vocal was never laid down. Turner, when interviewed for her fan club in 2004, remarked: "Mark said this song is not for a man, it's a girl's song. He recorded it but won't use it so when he put the demo on, he sung 'I'm a private dancer, dancer for money, do what you want me to do,' I told him, 'I think you're right; it's not a song for a guy. I liked it a lot. I wasn't sure whether the girl was a hooker or a very classical private dancer, but I thought I'd take it."
Most of Dire Straits actually perform on Turner's version, with the notable exception of Knopfler himself (Jeff Beck played the guitar solo).
The album featured a number of cover versions including the aforementioned version of Help!, Anne Peebles' I Can't Stand The Rain and David Bowie's 1984 (from 1974's Diamond Dogs). The latter was the second (and final) production from Martyn Ware and Greg Walsh.
The single releases offered four non-album B-sides (I Wrote a Letter, Rock 'n Roll Widow, Don't Rush the Good Things, When I Was Young) all of which appeared on the expanded 1997 reissue. Additionally, What's Love Got To Do With It, I Can't Stand The Rain, and Better Be Good To Me got the extended remix treatment when issued on twelve-inch vinyl. Again, all of these appear on the reissued CD although Better Be Good To Me is edited slightly.
Who better to give us an insight into this era and the very genesis of the Private Dancer album than producer, songwriter, and musician, Martyn Ware, of Human League and Heaven 17 fame. Ware co-produced the song that formed the foundations of the album's success, Let's Stay Together. He kindly gave up some time to talk to SDE about that period:
Marytn Ware on working with Tina Turner
SuperDeluxeEdition: You worked with Tina on the Ball of Confusion single for BEF [British Electric Foundation], was that the first time you worked together?
Martyn Ware: Let me think about this, yes, it was, yes.
SDE: How did that collaboration come about?
MW: Well it's quite interesting really. I was doing the BEF album and I only had one track left and I had got one backing track left. I had lined up James Brown to do Ball of Confusion and we had got it all booked and he had agreed to do it, the terms were all agreed, I was going to fly out to Atlanta to his studio – which is pretty freaky – to record in his studio and all that and meet him. The day before I was due to fly out, Virgin got a call from his lawyer saying that he wanted all the royalties on the entire album, not just his track. Not all royalties, I mean the share we were offering but on the entire album or he wouldn't do it. And we said 'no, this is insane, it's not going to happen'. So I was gutted, of course.
At that point in time I was living quite close to Virgin Records on Portobello Road and went down there. We were all friends, and I was just hanging out there and feeling quite sorry for myself and trying to think, 'oh my God, I just need to do this one track just to finish it and who can we get to sing it?' As it turned out Ken Berry, who was the financial controller of Virgin Records at the time, happened to walk past and he said, 'I'm going out to LA on Sunday, what do you think about Tina Turner, she's a mate of mine'. I went, 'yeah'. Because I had just been to see her at The Venue – do you remember that place in Victoria? – and I thought she was fantastic, and I thought a chance to work with a group like that is almost unmissable. And that's how it happened.
SDE: Did she fly over to London to record that?
MW: Yeah. Me and Glenn actually, were in LA doing some promo for Heaven 17, to do with Penthouse and Pavemen, and our manager was based in LA at the time, and so by coincidence we said [to Tina], 'well should we just pop round and see you?' You've got to bear in mind we'd never had any dealings with LA reality before, it's a bit of a freak-out. Literally her house was, like, ranch-style – it was like what Roxy Music were talking about, you know, In Every Dream Home A Heartache – it was four level ranch-style beautiful house in the Hollywood Hills. It was completely outside our sphere of experience.
Anyway we got on well and she came over and we recorded it in… I believe it was in the EMI studios. Yeah. And the classic story is – which I have told many times – is her and Roger Davies [Turner's manager] turned up to the studio and said, 'where's the band?' because she is used to recording with band, and we pointed at the Fairlight and said, 'well here it is'. And they just stood with their mouths open, you know, it was incredible. Anyway, she gave a fantastic performance on that and consequently they approached me when they were making the Private Dancer album and said 'would you write a song for Tina?' We were probably lacking in confidence a little bit and we didn't really write for anyone else. We weren't songwriters in that sense of the word, everything we did was for us.
SDE: But what was the sequence of events because when you did the 'Ball of Confusion' single, at that time wasn't she basically an unsigned artist or had Capitol already had their plans for her at that point?
MW: I really don't know about that. Obviously Roger Davies was involved with her so there were plans brewing. But as far as I know I don't think she was signed. And she hadn't really got any link with contemporary music. They call it a the 'chicken in a basket' circuit – I think it's a bit derogatory – but she was making a good living and doing what a lot of solo artists had to do, but at a reasonably high level. She was doing Las Vegas and all that stuff, but the credibility in terms of her being a recording artist was lacking at that point and so she didn't have a record deal. But talent will always rise to the top as far as I'm concerned – she's an amazing artist.
SDE: When you worked with her the second time, with what turned out to be Let's Stay Together, was there this feeling of 'we have to try and create a hit' and 'this is going to be a big deal'.
MW: Not really. As I said, they said to us would you write a song for her and to be honest we were a bit confused as to… I mean we're not really soul writers. Whereas we love soul music and we grew up with it, so I turned around to them and said 'no, but I would really like to do as we did with Ball of Confusion.' I thought it was very successful [so I said] 'I would really like to do a cover version for that album'. They said, 'can you come up with a shortlist of potential songs' which I wish I still had actually because there's some really good songs on it, but the one that I really wanted to do anyway was Let's Stay Together.
The way I explained it to her was that she needed to embed herself into the public perception as being one of the great soul singers of all time. She kind of turned her back on it quite a lot because she wanted to be a rock singer, essentially. She didn't make any bones about it. You can't alter the fact that you are born with this God-given talent. I said, 'I think it's a good idea to do a reinterpretation of a soul record in a new way'. I asked what her influences were when she was coming into the business and she was saying Sam Cooke, basically and Otis Redding and some gospel as well. I had always loved Let's Stay Together as a song, and I thought we could really make this work. She immediately latched onto it and said, 'I love this song'.
The other thing is, that in my career, since the start of The Human League, I had always insisted on non-interference in the creative process and actually that suited her because she doesn't write songs, she just comes and performs them, and in a strange sort of way, it was a bit like the creative relationship with Ike, where Ike would do all the music and recording and what have you, and then bring her in at the last minute to record. So it kind of fitted well from that perspective.
SDE: Did it all come together, more or less, straight away in a session or were there a number of attempts to do the track? How did that work out?
MW: It was myself and Greg Walsh; we were co-producers on this. Greg was helping us do the The Luxury Gap. He was a highly experienced arranger/producer who worked with Rod Temperton and Heatwave and various other Brit soul luminaries, and in fact with Heaven 17 we learnt, shall we say, the more dark arts of vocal arrangement, how to influence people using stacked vocals and all that crap that we use and with Heaven 17, that became part of our sound.
So it seemed obvious to us to try and create a kind of hybrid – we wanted to use the programmed drums because we that was the way we worked at the time. We also wanted to use some new techniques, soundscaping techniques, like the famous intro to the song, that strained sort of chord at the start, which sets the scene. It is actually a piece of equipment called a Quantec Room Simulator which has a thing called a freeze function on it, which of course is quite well known now, but in those days it was the first machine that could do it. So you would take a reverb of a complex chord, for instance, press freeze and it would keep all that in its memory, so you play things into it and it would just create this kind of cloud of sound, which is the opening and I think sets the scene. I just think her vocal performance on that track is one of the greatest ever frankly.
SDE: My understanding is that track was done well in advance of everything else and it became a big hit and then Capitol panicked a little bit and then had to get the album together. Was that about right?
MW: I wasn't really privy to those discussions, because I wasn't involved in the design of the album, I just did my bit.
SDE: But did you know that Let's Stay Together was likely to be a single or was this just a case of do a track with Tina and it will go on the album?
MW: Obviously, if they didn't like it, it wouldn't have been a single. But when they brought it out it was a surprise hit. It was the biggest selling twelve-inch single in American history when it came out.
SDE: Did it surprise you that it was a big hit or did you have a great feeling about?
MW: Oh yeah, I thought it was a monster but I had no idea whether it would sell in America because I wasn't really an expert in that market, but I knew that for the British market I thought it stood a really good chance of doing very well because Britain is very respectful of American soul artists from a certain period.
SDE: How was Tina's confidence? Because at this point she hadn't 'come back' and she was on the verge of having all that big commercial success. Was she nervous or in any way worried about the situation or was she just very relaxed?
MW: Tina was, as far as I understood, totally chilled about anything. She is a Buddhist anyway. She didn't make a big deal out of it, and it's not like some kind of tourist version of Buddhism, she believes it's an integral part of her life, and she is quite calm because of it. I think she really had a huge amount of faith in Roger Davies so it took a lot of pressure off her. You can never really say… with the benefit of hindsight you go 'look at this fantastic master plan, isn't this incredible. World domination!'. It's not the way things work. It's usually indications that there's a public appetite for stuff. So the first big indication was, obviously, Let's Stay Together. Then all of a sudden EMI were going, 'oh my God this can be proper huge' and then of course Roger got her to start performing again on a large scale and the whole thing just blew up and her career was relaunched in a supernova. Roger's a very clever guy, and a very sweet guy as well, and quite a tough businessman but I suppose it's a bit like the Terence Trent D'Arby thing that I did later on. Nobody could have really guessed that that was going to be so huge.
SDE: Was 'Let's Stay Together' recorded at Abbey Road?
MW: I think so, yeah.
SDE: You do another track on the album, the cover of '1984' – did that happen on a separate occasion or was that done in the same time?
MW: In the same session I think. Let me think about this for a second. It might be slightly later, I'm not sure. I think I'm right in saying that we were always commissioned to do two tracks and with my arty head on I thought it was really nice that the album was going to be coming out in 1984 and it was about 1984 and it was a futuristic song that was written way back… but she loved David Bowie so it all kind of made sense in my mind.
SDE: Were there any other tracks that you recorded, that didn't get used, or was it just those two?
MW: No. It was just those two for that album. We did some more tracks for the second album and I was thinking about this the other day, we did a cover version of Take Me To The River, which was on the B-side of a twelve-inch single [1986's Break Every Rule] and we did A Change Is Gonna Come [on BEF's Music Of Quality And Distinction Volume 2 (1991)]. I'm very proud of that production. By this time she had such a huge success with Private Dancer it was moving in more traditional rock direction, like Graham Lyle, that kind of stuff. Not that I'm knocking it, [but] it was moving away from wanting to sound more contemporary and she was actually in the space where she wanted to be. She wanted to be this big rock artist and then she didn't do any more soul stuff or not very much electronic stuff either for that matter.
SDE: What did you think of the finished album Private Dancer when it came out, because there are a lot of different producers and different songwriters?
MW: There were some really good songs on it. It could have been a bit more daring but at that point in recording history there were three or four albums that everybody had – I call them coffee tables albums. And that was one of those. If you can get one of those albums then many, many, many millions will buy it. I don't know it may be different now, but I think it sold about 20 million and I often think to achieve that level of success in terms of sales, it needs to appeal to a lot of people in a smaller way than a smaller number of people in a really significant way. And I think Roger understood that. So the songs are very memorable but not particularly daring a lot of the time.
SDE: Do you take away a best memory from that period of working with Tina? What would you say is your abiding memory of that era?
MW: I just thought she was a complete… if there was such a thing as a gentlewoman, as opposed to a gentleman; she was that, a very decent, honest, open, incredibly talented person. I suppose the most magical thing was the first take of her singing Lets Stay Together, it was literally what you hear on the record is all one take. She had clearly – and I had never come across this, and to be honest I don't think I've ever come across it since, and I've worked with a huge number of people – she had clearly from the kind of background that she had come from, she had done her homework to the nth degree about how she wanted to sing that track. Nothing that came out, I got the impression was unplanned. It was all rehearsed.
I often say, particularly to young singers, I tell them this story and say 'don't assume that you can just turn up in a recording studio and everything that comes out of your mouth is going to sound great. It's like doing revision for an exam, really, to a certain extent, she had nailed her interpretation of that song before she came to the studio. So, therefore, all she had to do was relax and then sing it. I mean, right from the very first note. You're already there aren't you? Telling a story, it's the narrative, she has already established narrative in her head and where she's going to go, she doesn't want to peak too early because it leaves her nowhere to go, she will want to tell it as a story, you know, a three and a half minute movie in people's heads.
SDE: You memorably performed with her on The Tube, was that after you had done the recording in the studio?
MW: Yeah, that was nerve-wracking. I don't think I've ever been so frightened in my life.
SDE: How did that come about, that Tube performance?
MW: Well The Tube was just starting. It might have even been the first one and Virgin were very excited about it because we used to – can you believe – we used to moan about there being very little opportunity to promote things on television. Anyway, it was the first episode and the EMI said would you like to perform Let's Stay Together with Tina on the show and we were like, 'it's a bit scary isn't it?'
SDE: Was the single out at this point. I can't remember what the timeline was?
MW: I don't know to be honest; you had better look that up. Anyway, so, the funniest part about it was we were having a nice time and me and Glenn were there, just two boys from Sheffield with nice suits on, having a pint of lager, and what have you, and Tina comes into our dressing room, like three quarters of an hour before, and this is live, and it's scary as well. So she comes into the dressing room and says, 'In the middle eight, I thought it would be good if the girls came around and run their hands up and down your body' and me and Glenn were going 'it's not going to happen darling'. We were terrified as it is and the last thing we need is any embarrassing moments on live television. That terrified us even more because we thought they might actually do it anyway. You've got to bear in mind this is a show that she had been doing for 30 years and we literally hadn't performed live anywhere!
Our thanks go to Martyn Ware who was talking to Paul Sinclair for SuperDeluxeEdition. He and Glenn Gregory are currently working on a new Heaven 17 album.
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17 responses to On This Day in 1984: Tina Turner releases "Private Dancer"
Cute Paul. Tina Turner was signed at that point. Internationally not USA but they had there options open. I have both her books. BEF asked her afterwards if she wanted to hear it after it was done. She said no she knew what she had done & didnt need to. She went shopping instead. They meet her with a stack of singles she rejected Let's Stay Together initially then after after all the records & saying no she said yes to that one. She also rejected What's Love. Her manager would play it for repeatedly & she would run off.
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Jimmy France says:
One of my favourite albums of all time. Worked as a drummer at "The Farm" in Bucks where "Better be good to me" was recorded. Engineers said Tina was so down to earth she would help with the breakfasts. Great lady.
Thanks for a great article.
You're welcome. Did you know a guy called Derek McCartney (originally Derek Murphy) by any chance? He was a trainee engineer there around 1986/1987. He worked on the Stevie Nicks album "The Other Side Of The Mirror". I used to go to school with him…
Joe H. says:
I was 13 when Let's Stay Together came out and I heard that voice and my life changed forever. I drove my family INSANE playing that track while playing frogger!!! And then the whole album, so incredible.
What we need now is 3 disc Break Every Rule Expanded Edition. Here goes:
CD1:
1. Typical Male
2. What You Get Is What You See
3. Two People
4. Till the Right Man Comes Along
5. Afterglow
6. Girls
7. Back Where You Started
8. Break Every Rule
9. Overnight Sensation
10. Paradise Is Here
11. I'll Be Thunder
12. Don't Turn Around* (B-side Typical Male)
13. Havin A Party* (B-side Two People)
14. Take Me to The River* (B side What You Get is what you see)
15. A Change is Gonna Come * (studio BEF version)
15. We Don't Need another hero*
16. One of the Living*
17. It's only Love (w/ Bryan Adams)*
18. Tonight (w David Bowie)*
19. Tearin' Us Apart (w Eric Clapton)*
20. Total Control (from We are The World)
1. Typical Male: 12″ Dance Mix – 7:06
2. Two People: 12″ Dance mix – 8:24
3. The Tina Turner Montage Medley (on Two People): 10 minutes
4.What You Get Is What You See: Extended Dance Mix – 6:28
5. Break Every Rule: Extended Dance Mix – 8:46
6. Afterglow: Vocal Dance Mix – 7:10
7. One of The Living: 12″ Special Club Mix – 7:35
Disc 3: DVD all videos and 1 hour break Every Rule HBO special
Did I miss anything??
Thanks SDE for this interview and The Tube performance at the end is a perfect touch. The 1997 expanded edition is a nice set to have.
Bravo lady Tina …that's …" the voice"
I would say that Tina turners comeback with this album is the greatest comeback ever in music. She was in her mid 40's competing with artists half her age. She went on to achieve incredible success in the 80's and beyond. She always comes across as such a nice character. I hope she is keeping well.
Great album! I would love to see a CD reissue with the original cover. It was such a better better picture and design. I've never understood why they changed it to the one with the cat.
Antonello Zanini says:
Tina is really the greatest… her live show were terrific.
I have seen her several times, after and before her come back with private dancer.
we need a new album. not a tour. no TV promotions. just a fantastic record. rock soul blues jazz pop standard… she can sing everything. Sing for us…. sing for me, Tina.
PC says:
Lovely interview Paul. What a nice man he sounds.
Amagerpigen says:
Tina, you were greather than your husbond, he didnt desirve you. How could you stay that long. YOU were the best :-)
I love the album; bought it in July 1984 on vinyl and played it lots between then and the spring of 1985. Better Be Good To Me and Steel Claw are exceptional. Prefer the 7″ edit of the title track. You can find it on the Now That's What I Call Music 4 CD [very expensive] and on the Dutch Now This Is CD Music CD [1985].
I also got hold of the original Private Dancer CD a few years ago. Much nicer sound than the remaster.
Thanks for yet another great interview Paul. Those are exactly the questions I would have asked on this subject. Tina must have been ecstatic about the song being such a huge hit as I remember before that she seemed very dated and not at all relevant. That song really propelled her back into the charts and set up the album brilliantly.
She is a great and extremely gracious artist.
Thanks for this great article and interview! Now, the fans are waiting for a 30th Anniversary Edition of Private Dancer!
RPM says:
Great interview. I still love that album to this day, although I think that the "Break Every Rule" album was even better. I would love to see deluxe editions of both being released at some point.
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I am trying to make a python bot or a macro to input the Konami Code while playing Yu-gi-oh: The Falsebound Kingdom, and I'm having trouble figuring out how to send input to the emulation. I've tried sendkeys, keybd_event, and autohotkey to no avail.
Does anyone know a way to automatically input keys in an emulation or at least program a series of keystrokes to a single key combination? Or if you know why what I'm trying is impossible, that would be helpful too.


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Description: Lincoln 2000 LS, Lite tan with dark brown Sim. Conv Top. Chrome wheels, CD changer/tape. Alpine music system. Heated/memory seats. 250 miles on new H rated tires. 28,400 miles total no scratches or dings.Almost two years left on Warranty. needs nothing. $22,500. In Sarasota.


I had foot surgery on the 1st of July and am stuck in a walking boot for another 3 weeks. This beautiful summer is KILLING ME! I totally understand how the trails and paths and gym and water just CALLS to you here. I too have found that the most peaceful spot in our entire house is on our front porch. Hope your toe gets better soon. I truly feel your pain.
Hope the toe gets better soon. As much as I love my porch, I wouldn't want to spend the entire summer there.


Homebuyers in their 20s are the main drivers of the property market, according to Alliance & Leicester's quarterly Moving Improving index.
One in four people in their 20s is looking to buy a new home over the next two years, more than in any other age group.
According to the index, which surveyed 4,000 people, the main reason for this age group being so eager to get a mortgage is because monthly payments are currently cheaper than renting. A total of 23% of respondents said that this was the most important factor when deciding whether to buy.
The second most important factor persuading this age group to buy was the need for more independence. Buyers in their 30s, on the other hand, were tempted by more space and bigger gardens.
Other findings revealed single people are more likely to buy a home in the next two years. Singletons accounted for 19% of those planning to move compared to 13% of married people and 8% of those who are divorced, separated or widowed. People aged over 60 are the most reluctant age group to move, with only 4% planning a move over the next two years.


The Motorola 68030 processor running at 33Mhz powered the Macintosh PowerBook 150. It came with a hard drive of either 120 or 250MB and had a 1.44MB floppy drive. The 4MB of RAM was expandable to 40MB. It had a 9.5" grayscale passive matrix LCD with a resolution of 640 x 480. There was an expansion slot for a 2400-baud modem card. The 150 had serial and SCSI.
At $1,300, the PowerBook 150 was the first PowerBook that was priced for the general user. Lacking an ADB port was a limitation as was the lack of Ethernet or monitor jacks. But for the price, it was lightweight and fast.
Introduced in July of 1994, the PowerBook 150 was terminated in October 1995.


The error occurs upon building a (on my case, it's PhoneGap) project running on Eclipse. This is caused of having two *.jar files inside the bin/dexedLibs directory. These files are generated every time you build your application.
Usually, multiple dex files error tells you that you are including the same class file from different sources.
Open Project's Properties » Java Build Path » Order and Export.
After doing the steps above, your project should now build and compile properly.
On my case, since my Eclipse is on auto-build, this is usually generated every time I restarted my IDE.


For the eclipse last month, I decided to try to fly a high-altitude balloon in an attempt to stream videos and pictures of the eclipse for the duration of the flight. Unfortunately, I lost my communications link with the balloon payload about a half hour after the launch, so my best eclipse pictures were from the ground, but this Instructable will serve as a means to document the accomplishments and failures from the flight and show how the technology demonstration (however brief) from this flight could be used for future flights to get a 400+ Mbit/s WiFi link with small, amateur, high-altitude balloon payload.
I hope it is useful for you all in your efforts to plan, build, and fly your own payloads.
Also, I have a small amount of experience in Mission Operations from a NASA-funded mission, so I tried to break the steps of this Instructable into some of the different subsystems you would see on NASA-like space missions.
Finally, I wanted this project to be as COTS as possible, so nearly all of the payload electronics can be found on Amazon and eBay. The only things that aren't on Amazon or eBay are the amateur radio beacons from Byonics and the fill gas (either hydrogen or helium depending on what is more accessible to you) you can get from a local welding supply store.
Safety is very important, so attempt this project at your own risk, and handle all equipment and materials with care. Also, make sure you follow all laws and regulations for where you are planning on flying.
This materials list is for starting high-altitude balloon launching from scratch. If you are able to successfully recover your payload, it makes future launches substantially less expensive. In this list, I have denoted which items are expendable and which items can be reused for future launches.
expect to pay between $1k and $2k for a first-time balloon launch.
** The PVC for the fill nozzle could be reused, but personally, I like keeping he fill nozzles and whatever balloon is left attached as a memento for each launch I do.
The core of this project is a pair of Ubiquiti access points functioning as a WiFI bridge between the ground system and the balloon payload. They can be configured as a simple bridge, making a seamless connection between the network on the ground and the network on the balloon payload. With this configuration, you only need to worry about setting up IP addresses on a single subnet and don't have to deal with gateways and the like.
In addition, I built the payload with two Raspberry Pi 3's as separate flight computers, one serving primarily as a data logger with a GPS unit and a set of temperature sensors, and the other serving primarily as an image capturing system with three separate webcams. One of them was modified with a solar filter in an attempt to capture the eclipse.
Both Raspberry Pi's were powered with a 5V USB battery pack, and both the ethernet switch and the access point were powered by a 24V bank of lithium batteries.
Finally, on the ground, I had my laptop with an Ubuntu virtual machine plugged directly into the Ubiquiti LiteBeam dish. This allowed me to easily set up a static IP for the VM and not have to to deal with any networking configuration on my Windows laptop. Both the dish and my laptop (as well as an obligatory extra monitor) were powered off of 12V SLA batteries and a small power inverter.
As mentioned previously, the backbone of this project is a pair of Ubiquiti LiteBeam AC access points. They are rated at a 450+Mbit/s data rate at 30km, which happens to be right around the burst altitude of the high-altitude balloons I fly. On the payload, there is an additional gigabit switch, allowing more than one Raspberry Pi to connect to the one port on the Ubiquiti access point.
For the payload, I chose the LiteBeam sector antenn due to it's incredibly light weight and large (120-degree) beamwidth. On the ground, I had a LiteBeam 5AC-23, which is a smaller satellite dish with much narrower beam width and a much higher gain. In theory, it would be more cost effective to have a more omnidirectional antenna on the balloon payload and make up for that with a high-gain antenna on the ground that you can manually point*. Also, the dish is much heavier than the sector antenna, and it would have required a substantially higher mass budget to build a tracking system that would fit on the balloon payload and work for the duration of the flight.
With the sector antenna on the bottom of the payload, the effective field of view is a 120-degree cone with the tip at the payload. Then, as long as the ground station is within the footprint of the cone, you can point the dish at the payload and establish a link.
That being said, this kind of setup is really difficult to use in practice if you do not either have a mobile ground system or a balloon path that is mostly vertical. For a mobile system, you'll need some sort of tracking mechanism for the dish.
Not pictured in the subsystem diagram is a set of amateur radio beacons I used for backup tracking and payload recovery. I had redundant APRS beacons providing near-real-time GPS positioning data that I was able to use to track the payload in flight. I also had a morse code beacon that basically just functioned as an RF source for tracking after the payload landed. Using a directional antenna and a handheld radio, it's fairly easy to triangulate the location of the morse code beacon. I haven't had a flight where I have needed it yet, but this is really really valuable in cases where the APRS beacons cut out early and the payload could be anywhere in a several-mile radius.
Configure the dish and the sector antennas as pictured above. Start with configuring the dish and giving it a static IP of 192.168.1.99, and then configure the sector antenna with an IP address of 192.168.1.20 so they will not have conflicting IP addresses. Aside from the IP addresses, decide on a network name an password, and set the channel width the 10MHz. Additionally, max out the power output, set the max data rate to auto, and check auto adjust distance. Make sure the network configurations match (aside from the IP addresses), and you should be ready to go.
* This is largely because of the rotational instability of the payload during flight. Some passive measures can be taken to slow the rotation like momentum arms, but in order to use a directional antenna on the payload, you would need an active rotation management system, like a reaction wheel, but the added mass might push the Ubiquiti payload over it's weight cap.
The power system for the payload is really simple. There were three voltage requirements: 5V for RPi's, 12V for the ethernet switch, and 24V for the PoE injector needed for the Ubiquiti access point.
The 5V requirement is satisfied with a USB phone battery and some micro-USB cables.
Both the 12V and 24V requirements are satisfied with a 24V bank of lithium batteries. Lithium batteries were chosen over normal alkaline batteries due to their better electrical performance in addition to their superior temperature ratings (unrelated side note: they also have a 20yr shelf life). In order to get 12V, I used a variable regulator that converted 24V down to 12V. This ensures that all batteries are drained equally, as opposed to having a 12V tap halfway through the battery bank that only drains half of the batteries to power the ethernet switch.
The other option to get 12V would have been to add a separate set of batteries to the payload, but it would have added too much additional mass to the payload. Also, the 24V set provided enough of a margin with power estimates to power the electronics for the duration of at least two flights, so the extra batteries were unnecessary in that regard as well.
The phone battery is ready to go once charged. Just plug the RPi's in when you are running through your pre-flight prep.
As for the battery bank, solder 4 of the 4AA packs in series. Then, you can solder one of the 2.1mm jacks to the output for the PoE injection and just run jumper wires to the DC-DC regulator input. To power the ethernet switch, I added an additional 2.1mm jack to the output of the regulator in order to simplify payload prep.
For the flight computers, I used Raspberry Pi 3's. One had a default Raspbian OS for use with the GPS sensor and temperature sensors, and the other had MotionEye OS for use with the USB webcams.
There's not too much to talk about here other than my experience with the two OS's during the flight. Raspbian is simple and easy to use if you have experience with bash. There is also quite a bit of documentation online for it, so if you run into a problem trying to program or set something up with Raspbian, it's likely that someone else has run into that problem and documented the solution somewhere. MotionEyeOS has a nice web interface for the webcams and seems fairly configurable, but I ran into data bottlenecks with trying to run three webcams simultaneously. This may be more of a hardware limitation with the Raspberry Pi, so further analysis is needed to optimize that portion of the payload.
Also, make sure to assign static IP addresses to your RPi's that are different than the Ubiquiti access points.
Without some sort of data collection, what is the point of flying high-altitude balloons?
I had three USB webcams, a GPS sensor, and a set of temperature sensors for my science payloads on this flight. Since I was trying to capture the eclipse, I cut up a pair of eclipse glasses and hot glued them in front of the webcam, like in the pictures above. I tested it on the ground and was hoping there would be a big enough difference during the eclipse to see it with the webcam. Unfortunately, it did not work very well, and the best picture of the eclipse I got was from my phone right after launch. Instead, I should have added a solar filter to a Raspberry Pi camera an not on the 1080p webcam. In this case, camera resolution is far more important than the image rate.
As for the temperature sensors and the GPS receiver, they use the RPi's GPIO pins and are really simple to set up. Right after launch, I was able to ssh to the RPi and use both the GPS and temperature sensors, but after the link was broken, they were not much use. For future launches, I plan on adding startup scripts that will continuously grab those metrics whether there is a connection to the ground station or not.
Not pictured in the subsystem diagram is a set of action cameras I was able to get off of eBay for ~$30 each. They definitely aren't as good as GoPros, and all three of them died within a half hour of takeoff.
Add one of the solar glasses to one of the imaging sensors on the flight. I chose one of the webcams, but one of the RPi cameras would have been a better choice.
As above, to dump this into a single file, append the command with "> output.txt"
This isn't really a subsystem, but it loosely corresponds to the Testing and Integration phase of normal missions and ideally touches every subsystem in the mission.
The payload body is a styrofoam cooler. You can use the cheap ones from gas stations and grocery stores, but I prefer giving up a bit more of the overall mass budget to use coolers with denser stryofoam. It's more structurally sound, so you can fasten your electronics directly to the cooler walls. For assembly, I like running zipties through the walls of the cooler to fasten down my electronics.
I painted the payload orange so it's easier to spot after landing.
The fill nozzle is probably a bit more extravagant than it really needs to be, but having the PVC intersection gave me a really solid assembly to tie off the start of the payload line. The same could likely be achieved with just a tee, but it's more there for peace of mind. Additionally, I have a quick connect to hook up the gas fill line without any hassle. I find this method substantially less stress-inducing than trying to hang on to the balloon after filling it and folding the neck before actually tying it off to the payload line.
Finally, for this flight, I added a camera boom to the side in order to get a selfie view of the payload and a slightly better view of the balloon. In order to do this, cut a small notch out of the corner of the Styrofoam cooler for the boom and epoxy it into place. Then, ziptie the cameras into the desired position and add epoxy to fasten them into place as necessary.
Overall, payload assembly is probably one of the simplest parts of the whole project. That being said, there aren't many times it doesn't occur within 48hrs of the flight, so it's often the most stressful and rushed portion of the project. Test early and test often.
For planning flights, habhub is your one-stop-shop for burst and flight predictions.
Once you have a rough idea of what you want to do for you payload and have an idea of how much it weighs, you can start planning your launch site. Start with the burst calculator to find your ascent rate and burst altitude, and then use that information to run predictions for different launch sites. The flight predictions can only be run 180hrs out from the planned launch, so my recommendation is to run flight predictions about once per week until you reach that 180hr window and then start running them daily until the flight. Depending on the time of year, the winds can shift rather dramatically over the course of a week, so the more often you check predictions leading up to your flight, the better.
As for the actual launch and recovery, the best launch site for me on the morning of the eclipse was right on the edge of the Mogollon Rim in northern AZ. I found an open campsite right on the rim with a clearing large enough to let the balloon go without too much of a risk of getting it caught in a tree. Pre-launch payload prep took about 45 minutes, and the flight was roughly 2.5hrs. The payload ended up landing in a small clearing about 1/4 mile off of a service road.
For filling the balloon, there isn't really an easy way to measure the flow of gas out of your large air cylinders. As such, I rely on measuring the neck lift of the balloon as a means of determining the proper balloon fill. I found a small hanging weight used for weighing fish that is really useful for this. Tying one end to the fill nozzle and the other to a small anvil or a bag of rocks, you can get a fairly accurate measurement of the neck lift. Oh, I should also mention here that target neck lift is something provided by the habhub burst predictor.
This part of the project will depend entirely on the weight of your payload, your launch location, and the time of year for your launch. No two launches are the same, so expect this step of the project to be the most volatile. That being said, recovery can be simplified by running frequent flight predictions and watching your RT telemetry like a hawk. All of my launches had successful recoveries because of the final two or three GPS coordinates listed on the APRS website, but if your APRS beacon cuts out too early, having a Morse code beacon can make all the difference.
As an engineer, I believe engineering is all about pushing the boundaries of what is possible and constantly iterating on our work to make our dreams a reality.
This eclipse flight, while far from an absolutely perfect flight, was the perfect test for payload equipment that has never flown on small amateur balloon before.
One of the biggest things I want to explore is building an active tracking system for the Ubiquiti dish that would allow me to make the ground system a mobile ground system. This will have the biggest impact ion being able to maintain a link through the flight since I could drive around to keep the ground system within the footprint of the balloon's access point. There are many commercial tracking systems out there for satellite TV, but I think it would be fun and beneficial to engineer one small enough for the access point and fast enough to track a moving payload while travelling down bumpy and winding forest and desert roads.
Another interesting sub-project would be to implement a collectd/graphite/grafana stack on the RPi's and ground system computers to collect and visualize system-level metrics for all of the computers used for the flight. If there are multiple RPi's on the payload, you could use one as a designated Graphite server and then have another graphite server on your ground computer to pull metrics down when possible. This monitoring stack has been implemented on RPi's before, so it would just be a matter of getting the architecture defined and setting up any init scripts needed to reboot everything in the event of power faults.
What if there are multiple payloads that need a connection with the ground? It would be really straightforward to replace the gigabit switch with a small WiFi router, providing the entire payload train with a localized wireless network. Even if the link to the ground system is broken, all of the RPi's connected to the network would still be able to communicate with each other, allowing for the possibility (building off the previous idea) of having a dedicated metric collection server for an entire payload train. Imagine creating your own mini-internet of RPi servers and web applications and API's for hosted payloads at 100k+ ft.
This mainly just consists of having init scripts for every process necessary for data collection in case of random faults during the flight. Also, I want to develop more metric collection scripts for sensors and peripherals attached to the RPi data logger.
Since the Ubiquiti LiteBeam sector antenna is designed as a point-to-multipoint network adapter, multiple ground systems should be able to connect to the payload simultaneously. Maybe a series of ground systems could be set up throughout the flight path so that the payload is in view of a stationary ground system at any point during the flight. Maybe it would be interesting to try to get multiple ground systems communicating over a balloon link where they aren't able to communicate with each other otherwise.
If the ground system has a connection to the internet, I think it would be entirely reasonable (assuming a reliable ground-to-balloon link) to stream video directly out to YouTube from the payload. Out of all of the improvements, I think this will be the one I work towards the most.
Balloons are a great platform for experimenting with radios, imaging, and general electronics in a space-like setting without having to spend hundreds of thousands of dollars or even tens of thousands of dollars on payload electronics and test equipment. It's something that can be done in your garage with electronics off of Amazon and eBay. Also, remember that with every success there are likely numerous failures you are bound to encounter, so don't get discouraged if things don't go entirely as planned. Often times failures are the greatest opportunities to learn more about your project and push forward to a greater success or a more robust solution, so keep on keeping on.
If you have any questions or comments about this project or others like it, feel free to comment or message me.


Published 04/23/2019 02:16:36 pm at 04/23/2019 02:16:36 pm in Bath Wall Clock.
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I've found another beautiful home to fall in love with. Jenny Li and her husband Hans Gissinger spent four months remodelling the home in Cobble Hill, Brooklyn, turning it into a serene family home to share with their three children.
Light is important to Li, so she painted the walls, floor and ceiling a bright white. This is softened by layers of natural textures and shots of vivid colour. One of my favourite pieces is the Indian daybed which doubles as the coffee table.
Art and precious keepsakes dotted throughout give the home plenty of personality. Little touches like balls of bright wool in a glass jar, and a feather boa strung over a light add a touch of whimsy.
The kids decorated their own rooms and their creativity is obvious. Taylor's gorgeous headboard was made when she and her friends painted a large piece of linen in the backyard at her 15th birthday party. I love this idea! She now has a piece that will always hold special memories and it looks amazing.
The boy's room, belonging to younger brothers, Harmony and Son, features their colourful creations.
I'm so inspired by this home, it seems to have a perfect combination of calm and fun!


text:
Green Light NY creating concerns among county clerks
by: Samantha DiMascio
ALBANY, N.Y. (NEWS10) — Governor Andrew Cuomo signed the controversial Green Light NY bill on Monday, allowing undocumented immigrants to get driver's licenses. The legislation divided lawmakers and created concern for some county clerks who oversee DMV operations.
Rensselaer County Clerk Frank Merola tells NEWS10 ABC he will not issue undocumented immigrants a license in his office.
"I go back to the Constitution. You're not supposed to help or aid anybody if they're here illegally, especially if we know that," said Merola.
He said there will be no way to distinguish between an undocumented immigrant and an American citizen.
"There's no right to a driver's license. It's a privilege. It's not a privilege we should be giving to someone that's here illegally," he said. "I'm not anti-immigrant. My wife is a naturalized citizen. My son is also a police officer, so I think more of law enforcement. I've never heard anybody in law enforcement come out and say this is a good idea. Not at all. It puts them in a tough position. They're at a disadvantage here. We're going to give them a license that looks just like yours or mine. They wouldn't even know that they're here illegally."
Democratic Assemblyman John McDonald admits this was not an easy decision. He said he was on the fence for quite a while and even issued a survey in his district.
"I get it. I understand it, but at the end of the day, you have to listen to the people you represent, too, and the majority of people are just not ready for it, yet," he explained. "I don't know how many people are really going to step up and get their licenses. My rationalization was if someone wants to become a citizen, they're going to raise their hand and say how do I go through the process?"
McDonald ultimately voted against it as did democratic Assemblyman Angelo Santabarbara.
The other major concern was the fact that all you need to register to vote in New York State is a nine digit license ID number. Assemblywoman Patricia Fahy, who voted in favor, said she's been assured they will not be valid at the polls.
"That's one I was not concerned about. Quite frankly, if someone is worried about being arrested, the last thing they will do is show up at a voting booth," said Fahy.
She added that it would make the roads safer because there would be less hit-and-runs.
The law is scheduled to take effect in 120 days.
Merola and Washington County Clerk Stephanie Lemery said their offices are already bombarded with people looking to apply for an enhanced license or Real ID. The state mandating that unless you have a passport you'll need one or the other to fly anywhere come October 2020. They said the state is not taking that increased paperwork and responsibility into consideration.
"I have been here over 30 years, and this is the worst it has ever been. New York State has really not thought this idea through," said Merola.
The Driver's License Access and Privacy Act is expected to face continued opposition and legal battles.
"I have a gut feeling this is going to run into some legal challenges, and we're going to have to go back to revisit it. That's just my gut," said Assemblyman McDonald.
Twelve states and Washington, D.C. currently allow undocumented immigrants to drive.
by Cassie Hudson / Jul 16, 2019
TROY, N.Y. (NEWS10) - Special delivery!
An experiment - led by the research team at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute - is being sent to the International Space Station with the help of NASA.
GLOVERSVILLE, N.Y. (NEWS10) -- The person who kidnapped a man, tortured him, and abused him for nearly a week was sentenced Tuesday.
Delaney Atkins will spend 20 years to life in prison for Kidnapping in the First Degree. He will also serve 20 years for each of the two Assault in the First Degree convictions, and seven years for Sexual Abuse.
Clarksburg Senior Center to close
by Justina Latimer / Jul 16, 2019
CLARKSBURG, Mass. (NEWS10) -- Time is ticking for the Clarksburg Senior Center.
Since the Clarksburg Council on Aging decided to disband, the center will shut its doors on July 31.


City council heard from medical professionals Tuesday night that argued Cornwall should stay the course on the use of fluoride in drinking water.
Council was asked a few weeks ago by a group to consider eliminating the addition of fluoride to our drinking water, which set off alarm bells in the medical community.
Dr. Paul Roumeliotis, medical officer of health with the Eastern Ontario Health Unit, was joined by Dr. Peter Cooney, Canada's chief public health dentist and Chantal Sabourin, oral and child health program manager at the health unit, and all argued against the move.
All agreed the potential health risks of fluoridating water are incredibly small, practically negligible.
They further suggested adding fluoride to water helps improve overall health as individuals are able to consume a proper diet by way of healthy teeth.
Cooney said health officials have been battling fluoride critics since the 1940s when the practise of adding the chemical to drinking water first became prevalent.
"In our office this file never goes away…it has been going since 1945," said Cooney. "It has been accused of causing AIDS. Often the myths move with the social issues of the time.
Fluoride Free Cornwall made a pitch to city councillors because the group's members say the addition of fluoride to drinking water poses a health risk.
At the time council sanctioned the creation of a report to determine the effects of eliminating fluoride use in our drinking water.


Noel Gallagher has announced the release of his first ever book, with Any Road Will Get Us There (If We Don't Know Where We're Going) coming in November.
Promising "epic, behind-the-scenes tales", the book will tell the story of High Flying Birds' recent world tour and the making of his latest, Mercury-nominated album 'Who Built The Moon?'. The book also features exclusive images by photographer Sharon Latham.
To launch the book, Gallagher will take part a live Q&A with Will Hodgkinson and Latham on October 23 at Kings Place in London. Visit here for tickets and more information.
Meanwhile, the book can be pre-ordered here.
It was recently announced that Noel and his brother Liam will be the subject of a "psychological exploration" by Lena Dunham.
Gallagher also revealed recently that he stumbled across what was thought to be a long-lost solo album in a sock drawer.
Following his departure from Oasis, Gallagher worked on a 'space rock' album with production duo Amorphous Androgynous – before claiming that he had destroyed the master. However, he has since found it amid his socks.
'Who Built The Moon?' has been nominated for the Mercury Music Prize – with the results announced tomorrow (September 20).


Chronic bronchitis lung abscess, pneumonia, Enteric fever, shigellosis. Multi-drug-resistant Tuberculosis, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, acute, gonorrhoea. Nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis. Urinary Tract Infections.
200 mg to 800 mg daily from 5-7 days. For children 15 mg/kg/day in two divided doses.
Acute or chronic prostatitis: 200 mg twice daily for 28 days.
Rutix® 200 tablet: Box containing 3 x 10 tablets in blister pack.
Rutix® 400 tablet: Box containing 2 x 10 tablets in blister pack.


text:
Cystynuria (ang. i łac. Cystinuria) – wrodzona, genetycznie uwarunkowana choroba metaboliczna o dziedziczeniu autosomalnym recesywnym, która charakteryzuje się wydalaniem zwiększonej ilości cystyny (a także określonych innych aminokwasów) z moczem oraz upośledzeniem absorpcji z przewodu pokarmowego.

Historia
Cystynurię po raz pierwszy opisano w XIX wieku, a w roku 1908 Sir Archibald Edward Garrod włączył tę chorobę do opisanych przez siebie wrodzonych błędów metabolizmu (ang. inborn errors of metabolism).

W roku 1810, Wollaston odkrył odmienny rodzaj kamieni moczowych, które były zbudowane z heksagonalnych kryształów i były rozpuszczalne w ługach. Jednak błędnie przypuszczał, że powstają tylko w pęcherzu moczowym. Marcet, w1817, odkrył, że tego typu kamienie powstają także w nerkach.

Wkrótce potem w roku 1824, Strohmeyer stwierdził, że mocz chorych zawiera charakterystyczne heksagonalne kryształy, co do tej pory jest wykorzystywane w diagnostyce tej choroby. W roku 1947, wykazano, że choroba wiąże się z patologicznym wydalaniem aminokwasów z moczem. Dent i Rose, w roku 1955, stwierdzili, że przyczyną choroby jest zaburzenie w nerkowej reabsorpcji tych aminokwasów. To odkrycie zostało potwierdzone w 1961 przez Milne w zakresie jelitowego defektu transportu aminokwasów. Opisu modelu dziedziczenia cystynurii w 1955 r. dokonał Harris.

Etiopatogeneza
U podłoża schorzenia leżą mutacje dwóch genów SLC3A1(chromosom 2, lokus 2p16.3-21) i SLC7A9 (chromosom 19, 19q12-13 ), które kodują dwie części białka wchodzącego w skład układu transportowego. Powoduje to defekt reabsorpcji w cewkach bliższych nerek i absorpcji w nabłonku jelita cienkiego, dotyczący aminokwasu cystyny, a także aminokwasów dwuzasadowych: lizyny, ornityny i argininy.

Cystyna jest wydalana z moczem w dużych ilościach, które 20-30 krotnie przekraczają normę. Przy zwykłym dla moczu pH cystyna jest słabo rozpuszczalna i przy stężeniu ≥300 mg/l dochodzi do wytrącania się w drogach moczowych (nerkach, moczowodach i pęcherzu moczowym) heksagonalnych kryształów. Z czasem tworzą się kamienie (złogi). Kamica moczowa cystynowa jest względnie rzadka i stanowi zaledwie ok. 1% wszystkich przypadków tej choroby. Ocenia się, że u 50% pacjentów z cystynurią dochodzi do rozwoju kamicy z czego w 75% obustronnej.

Częstość występowania oceniana jest na 1/7000-15 000 osób.

Objawy
Dolegliwości mogą występować w każdym wieku, ale najczęściej po 20 roku życia. Objawy choroby to związane z kamicą moczową kolkowe bóle w pojawiające się w charakterystycznej lokalizacji, szczególnie przy "schodzeniu" złogów cystynowych. Mogą wystąpić także powikłania pod postacią krwiomoczu i zakażenia dróg moczowych.

Badania diagnostyczne
Rozpoznanie opiera się na:
 badaniu składu chemicznego złogu
 stwierdzeniu obecności charakterystycznych kryształów cystyny w moczu
 stwierdzeniu wydalania cystyny z moczem
 próba Branda (z nitroprusydkiem sodu) jest badaniem skryningowym i daje wynik dodatni u chorych wydalających > 75 mg cystyny/1 g kreatyniny

Leczenie
Celem terapii jest przeciwdziałanie krystalizacji cystyny w moczu i rozwoju kamicy moczowej.

Można to osiągnąć stosując dużą podaż płynów (do 4 litrów na dobę, także w nocy) co prowadzi do rozcieńczenia moczu i zwiększenie diurezy. Zalecana jest też dieta z ograniczeniem spożycia soli i białka (szczególnie zawierającego większe ilości cystyny i metioniny).

Stosowanie D-penicylaminy, tioproniny (niezarejestrowana w Polsce) i kaptoprilu ma na celu zmniejszenie stężenia cystyny w moczu oraz rozpuszczenia już powstałych złogów.

Istotne znaczenie ma alkalizacja moczu (utrzymywanie pH moczu na poziomie 7,5-8,0) przez podawanie chorym wodorowęglanu sodu lub cytrynianu potasu, przez co zwiększa się rozpuszczalność cystyny i zmniejsza ryzyko powstawania złogów.

W wypadku już istniejących kamieni nerkowych, niekiedy konieczne staje się ich usunięcie. Stosuje się litotrypsję pozaustrojową, litotrypsję przezskórną lub klasyczny zabieg operacyjny usuwania złogu z dróg moczowych.

Zobacz też
 cystyna, cysteina i homocysteina – aminokwasy zawierające siarkę
 cystynoza – inna choroba metaboliczna związana z cystyną
 choroba Hartnupów – inna choroba metaboliczna związana z zaburzeniem absorpcji aminokwasów
 homocystynuria – inna choroba metaboliczna związana z aminokwasem metioniną

Linki zewnętrzne

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Youngson R., Collins; Słownik Encyklopedyczny; Medycyna, RTW, 1997

Tubulopatie
Urologia
Choroby dziedziczone autosomalnie recesywnie


VXDIAG SUBARU SSM-III Multi Diagnostic Tool supports Subaru diagnostic and Key Programming, also it supports many car software that you can add Toyota, Honda, Porsche, JLR software to this device by purchasing authorization.
Subaru FreeSSM diagnostic cable for Subaru cars provides a high degree of control over the engine and transmission systems when used with the FreeSSM software.
Here cartool.co.uk technician share the user guide to troubleshoot Subaru IMPREZA 2004 with Subaru SSM III or FreeSSM software.
1)- Ask the customer when and how the trouble occurred using the check list for interview.
i- Check for fuel amount.
ii- Inspection of starter motor circuit.
iii- Inspection of ECM power supply and ground line.
iv- Inspection of ignition control system.
v- Inspection of fuel pump circuit.
vi- Inspection of fuel injector circuit.
Does malfunction indicator light illuminate?
1)- Turn the ignition switch to OFF.
2)- Connect the Subaru Select Monitor or the OBD-II general scan tool to data link connector.
scan tool switch to ON.
4)- Read the DTC on the Subaru SSM III or OBD-II scan tool.
Does the Subaru Select Monitor or FreeSSM software indicate DTC?
YES–> Record the DTC. Repair the trouble cause. Go to step 4.
NO–> Repair the related parts.
i- Activation of malfunction indicator light.
ii- Malfunction indicator light does not come on.
iii- Malfunction indicator light does not go off.
iv- Malfunction indicator light does not blink at a cycle of 3 Hz.
v- Malfunction indicator light remains blinking at a cycle of 3 Hz.
1)- Perform the clear memory mode.
2)- Perform the inspection mode.
Does the Subaru Select Monitor or FreeSSM OBD-II general scan tool indicate DTC?
What's more, if you need to add other car model software to the VXDIAG Subaru SSM 3, how to process it?
Latest V160 Renault Can Clip diagnostic software for Renault Dacia Diagnostic Tool has been verified working.
Then how to install and activate Renault Can Clip V160 ?
Insert CAN CLIP 160 disk E: and open it.
Click the laptop icon (FIRST INSTALLATION) in CLIP V160 interface.
There will be a computer security alert. Just click Cancel.
Which operating system can best work on Renault CAN CLiP v159 (or other old versions)?
Here, the engineers collect the details from some clip users, especially for the issues of unsuccessful installation on Windows 7 64bit and optional solutions of it.
– Works fine on win7 x86.
– Yes, Can Clip runs on Windows 7-x64 and Windows 8….8.1-x64 m because use x-86 files from the system.
– Automatically detect a driver in both win7 and in win7-x86-x64, a kind can clip ALIANCE driver, bosch automotive … etc..
Why some Renault CLIP cannot work on Widows 7 64bit?
What to do if Renault CAN CLIP cannot work on Windows 64 bit?
SDP3 V2.27 Software Newest Update for Scania VCI2 VCI3 Truck Diagnostic Tool has been released on Cartool.co.uk.
Latest SDP3 V2.27 software, works with Scania VCI2, Scania VCI3.
How to setup Scania SDP3 V2.27 ?
3. When required allow install.exe to install driver.
Cartool.co.uk New Arrival FLY OBD Terminator Full Version & Locksmith version includes free J2534 DrewTech Software Honda HDS,Toyota Techstream, JLR SDD,VCM IDS etc.
Note: The difference between OBD Terminator full and locksmith version is the full version supports additional SI reset, SRS reset, programming and synchronization functions, while the locksmith version doesn't support.
(Immobilizer + Odometer + CBSReset + Airbag + Sync + Program Free Update Online J2534.
New models and functions update for Original OBDSTAR X-100 Pro and X-200 Pro IMMO+Odometer+OBD tool.


Art + Science Now by Stephen Wilson Thames and Hudson, New York, 2010. 208 pp. $50, C$63, £29.95. ISBN 9780500238684.
The reviewer is at the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Pierce 322, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Wilson surveys contemporary work from around the world that draws on molecular biology, kinetics, robotics, physics, information technology, living systems, and other laboratory research.


The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) provides standardized criteria to help diagnose ASD.
Please visit for http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/hcp-dsm.html for additional information.
Jaylen's Journey mission is to promote awareness and early intervention through outreach and support. To ensure that children from underserved communities who have Autism are linked to public and private agencies ant they receive needed services that will impact their emotional, physical and educational development by providing case management support, outreach, education and financial support.
For more information, please visit www.jaylensjourney.org or call (443) 360-4026.


There's plenty of room for innovative new designs to come out in the market of digital technology, both as far as the consumer market and the business market are concerned. If you have an idea of a product that makes the lives of either type of customer more convenient, then it's worth exploring. However, without the proper approach to developing and launching that device, you could run into some hurdles right from the beginning that make the chances of profiting very slim indeed.
All products have to be driven by demand. There are no two ways about it. If you haven't been able to identify a market that is lacking for your product, or at least a way that you're able to position yourself competitively against them, it can be hard to get the product off the ground entirely. People won't pay attention to the marketing and they won't see the value for them. Make sure your device is supported by proper research on the digital devices and technologies market. Only once you can find that demand should you be ready to go ahead with the development and the launch.
There are a lot of demands on tech devices these days. One of the ways you can give yours a competitive edge is by looking a lot deeper into the physical design of the device itself. Not only can rapid prototyping through 3D printers allow you a great understanding of how the device's dimensions operate in the physical world, providing important information on how convenient it is whether in a consumer's hand or in a production line. Prototyping is also a good way to better understand the methods you might need to use to manufacture the product. That way, you can also spot the ways that you could cut down on manufacturing costs, increasing the potential return on investment for the device.
Convenience and cost-effectiveness aren't all that matter, however. It needs to actually work when it gets on the market. Certain bugs can be fixed post-launch in a lot of devices, but you need to make sure there are no huge problems waiting for it when the customers get their hands on it. If it's a product that uses Modbus or other protocols to work together with other networks, then you need to make sure you've done compatibility testing to ensure that it can reliably communicate with them. The levels of specific testing your device needs are going to be down to the kind of device. The simple fact is that this is one area of development you cannot skimp on investing in. The tech industry is littered with buggy, broken releases that crashed a product's potential.
A product needs to have demand to sustain its creation. Then it needs to be market ready, both in terms of its physical composition and the lack of bugs that could otherwise lead to disastrous launch and some very unhappy customers. Make sure that you're spending the time and effort you need on development.
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