Whistleblower Letter #7 to the U.S. Supreme Court!
The following whistleblower letter was mailed to each member of the U.S. Supreme Court on October 31, 2017.
This letter was also sent by email to "The Wall Street Journal", "The New York Times", "The Dallas Morning News", the Securities and Exchange Commission, and several prominent members of the "news media" on October 31, 2017.
This is a whistleblower letter to the U.S. Supreme Court!
The U.S. Government is operating with a fiscal policy that is now a $108.7 Trillion criminal act! This fraud is systematically transferring massive but counterfeit wealth to the U.S. ruling class and the U.S. upper class by operating a classic Ponzi scheme that I have named USAPonzi.
The U.S. Government and the U.S. upper class are conspiring to enrich themselves and are cheating the U.S. Common Man and the rest of the planet by not operating the U.S. Government fiscal policy according to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP Accounting)!
The current U.S. Government fiscal policy is borrowing money from the future Americans, that the future Americans do not have, and giving it to the U.S. upper class. The U.S. Government has been doing this for 48 years since USAPonzi was launched in FY1969. This is a criminal act that has given the U.S. upper class $108.7 Trillion of imaginary-counterfeit money!
The U.S. Government and the U.S. upper class are conspiring to enrich themselves by "Cooking the Books"! The U.S. Government is operating "The Biggest Ponzi Scheme on the Planet" that I have named USAPonzi!
This is my 7th Whistleblower Letter to the U.S. Supreme Court expressing the same complaint; the U.S. Government is operating with a corrupt and fraudulent fiscal policy and accounting system. By using this fraudulent accounting system, the U.S. Government has fraudulently borrowed $108.7 Trillion from the future Americans and given it to the U.S. upper class.
Let me say that one more time, the U.S. Government has fraudulently borrowed $108.7 Trillion of imaginary-counterfeit money from the future Americans and given it to the U.S. upper class. This is fraud because the future Americans do not have $108.7 Trillion!
The U.S. Government is not operating with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP Accounting) and as a result is not accruing properly for future U.S. Government benefit promises. Because of this accounting fraud, the U.S. Government is giving the U.S. upper class imaginary-counterfeit wealth that will approach infinity if it is allowed to continue, by undertaxing the U.S. upper class. This is a classic Ponzi scheme that is borrowing an ever-increasing amount of money from the future Americans and giving it to the U.S. upper class.
The U.S. Government and the U.S. upper class are conspiring to enrich themselves by perpetrating a fiscal and financial fraud that is a pre-programmed Ponzi scheme (USAPonzi) that has already given the U.S. upper class $108.7 Trillion of imaginary-counterfeit money. The U.S. Government then borrows $20.5 Trillion from the fraudulently enriched upper class so that it can overpay the U.S. Government employees. This is a pre-programmed Ponzi scheme because, by operating with Cash Accounting, the U.S. upper class is assured that it will be getting richer and richer by the cumulative amount of the GAAP basis deficit spending!
The corrupt U.S. Government has set up an auto-payment system that is mainlining money into the pockets of the U.S. upper class and then the U.S. Government has the unmitigated gall to borrow money from the now fraudulently enriched upper class to overpay itself!
This Ponzi scheme has been distributing an exponentially increasing amount of money to the U.S. upper class for the last 48 years. This accounting fraud has given the U.S. upper class $108.7 Trillion of imaginary-counterfeit money by deferring $108.7 Trillion of public liabilities to the future Americans. The U.S. Government is running a digital counterfeit money printing press that is giving imaginary-counterfeit money to the U.S. upper class, with GAAP basis deficit spending, at the current rate of $15.5 Billion a day (GAAP Deficit in FY2018 = $5.65T/365 = $15.5B).
The U.S. Government has cheated the Common Man because the U.S. Government has made benefit promises to the U.S. Common Man that it has underfunded by $88.2 Trillion. The U.S. Government has even gone so far as to borrow(steal) and spend the money that the U.S. Common Man has paid in with payroll taxes to help fund their future benefits for Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid.
The U.S. Government has cheated the rest of the planet because the U.S. Government has fraudulently borrowed money from the future Americans, that the future Americans do not have, and given it to the current Americans so they can buy goods and services with this now $108.7 Trillion of fraudulently borrowed money.
The amount of this fraudulent borrowing is reported by www.usdebtclock.org as US Unfunded Liabilities (GAAP) as shown in the table below. This is fraud because the future Americans do not have $108.7 Trillion. I call this fraudulently borrowed money; imaginary-counterfeit money.
When the U.S. Government borrows money from the future Americans with GAAP basis deficit spending, this puts imaginary-counterfeit money into the pockets of the taxpayers that did not have to pay the taxes to cover the cost of this deficit spending. This fraudulently borrowed money is imaginary because the U.S. Government imagines that the future Americans can pay it someday. This fraudulently borrowed money is counterfeit because the future Americans can never pay it. Therefore, I call this fraudulently borrowed money, imaginary-counterfeit money.
In the table below, the total private net worth (Total National Assets) of all Americans is estimated to be $134.8 Trillion but $108.7 Trillion of that is the imaginary-counterfeit money that the U.S. Government has fraudulently borrowed from the future Americans. Approximately 80% of the net worth of Americans is the imaginary-counterfeit money that the U.S. Government has fraudulently borrowed from the future Americans ($108.7T/$134.8T = 0.806).
The U.S. upper class has gotten rich because the U.S. Government has fraudulently borrowed $108.7 Trillion from the future Americans and given it to the U.S. upper class. Most of this fraudulently borrowed money goes to the U.S. upper class because the U.S. upper class now pays almost all of our taxes. The U.S. upper class has gotten filthy rich because they have been undertaxed by $108.7 Trillion. And they get richer every day because of ongoing GAAP basis deficit spending of $15.5 Billion a day.
This is why the cost of housing is going up, the U.S. Government is borrowing imaginary-counterfeit money from the future Americans much faster than the U.S. economy is building houses, apartments, and condos. We are buying, renting, and building houses, apartments, and condos with the imaginary-counterfeit money that the U.S. Government is fraudulently borrowing from the future Americans. USAPonzi has caused The Housing Bubble!
This is why we have so many cars on the road that we have traffic jams, the U.S. Government is fraudulently borrowing imaginary-counterfeit money from the future Americans so we can buy cars that we really cannot afford. USAPonzi has caused The Automobile Bubble!
This is why Amazon, Walmart, Nike, Google, Facebook, Netflix, Apple, etc. are selling so many goods and services, we are buying their goods and services with the now $108.7 Trillion of imaginary-counterfeit money that the U.S. Government is fraudulently borrowing from the future Americans.
Because the U.S. Government is fraudulently borrowing $15.5 Billion more imaginary-counterfeit money every day, we have seen price inflation of nominally 5% per year in essentially all asset classes ever since FY1969 when USAPonzi was launched.
Because the U.S. Government is fraudulently borrowing $15.5 Billion more imaginary-counterfeit money every day, we can buy more goods and services every day so the companies selling these goods and services have more revenue and more profit every day so the stock market tends to go up every day. This is why we are continually setting all-time highs in the stock market. USAPonzi has caused a 48-year long term bull market in the stock market but with some dramatic fits and starts. USAPonzi has caused The Stock Market Bubble!
The U.S. upper class folks are co-conspirators in this criminal act because they refuse to expose this U.S. Government fraud and in fact they are constantly lobbying for a better deal like the current "tax reform" deal that will make them richer faster! The U.S. upper class likes anything that will create more deficit spending because that will make them richer faster.
The U.S. Government is fraudulently creating massive and exponentially increasing imaginary-counterfeit wealth for the U.S. upper class out of "thin air" by borrowing money from the future Americans, that the future Americans do not have, and giving it to the U.S. upper class.
The U.S. Government is not operating its fiscal policy according to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP Accounting). The U.S. Government is reporting its financial condition with Cash Accounting in an attempt to conceal the fact that it has created $108.7 Trillion of imaginary-counterfeit money out of "thin air".
The U.S. upper class is getting filthy rich with imaginary-counterfeit money that the U.S. Government has created with GAAP basis deficit spending of $108.7 Trillion (US Unfunded Liabilities (GAAP)). The U.S. upper class is getting filthy rich because they have been undertaxed by $108.7 Trillion. It pays to have criminal friends in Washington, DC.
The U.S. ruling class is getting overpaid because the U.S. Government is borrowing money ($20.5 Trillion our National Debt) from the now "fraudulently enriched upper class" to pay themselves more than the U.S. taxpayers have paid in taxes.
The U.S. Common Man is being cheated because the U.S. Government has underfunded the government benefit promises by $88.2 Trillion (US Unfunded Future Liabilities) so that the U.S. Government can undertax the U.S. upper class and make them filthy rich.
The rest of the planet is being cheated because the current Americans are buying goods and services with this $108.7 Trillion of imaginary-counterfeit money that the U.S. Government has fraudulently borrowed from the future Americans (US Unfunded Liabilities (GAAP)).
The U.S. Government is causing "Class Inequality" by operating a $108.7 Trillion Ponzi scheme!
The U.S. Government is causing the "Wealth and Income Gap" by operating a $108.7 Trillion Ponzi scheme!
This fraud is why the U.S. Congress cannot agree on an annual budget or healthcare plan! The U.S. Government is making outrageous benefit promises to the general public to get elected so they can enrich themselves with this fraudulent accounting. Until the U.S. Government starts telling the financial truth, all of their debates on financial planning, infrastructure build, tax reform, and healthcare are pointless gibberish!
The U.S. Government is corrupt! The U.S. Government is committing fiscal and accounting fraud to dramatically enrich the U.S. ruling class, to colossally enrich the U.S. upper class, to colossally cheat the U.S. Common Man, and to colossally cheat the rest of the Planet.
The U.S. Government does this simply by operating with a fraudulent accounting system; using Cash Accounting rather than the proper GAAP Accounting, which has produced a massive Ponzi scheme that I call USAPonzi.
The U.S. Government has borrowed $108.7 Trillion of imaginary-counterfeit money from the future Americans and given it to the current Americans. This borrowed money is reported on www.usdebtclock.org as US Unfunded Liabilities (GAAP). This is the signature attribute of a Ponzi scheme; pay the early participants in the scheme with money from the late participants.
The following tables shows the financial status of the U.S. Government, as of November 1, 2017, as estimated by www.usdebtclock.org including a comparison of how Cash Accounting and GAAP Accounting assess and report this financial status.
USAPonzi is a $108.7 Trillion criminal fraud that is being perpetrated by the corrupt Government of the United States of America.
This Ponzi scheme fiscal policy has also dramatically and artificially stimulated the U.S. and global economy with this GAAP basis deficit spending. The U.S. Government has created $108.7 Trillion of imaginary-counterfeit money out of "thin air" to provide massive purchasing power for the current Americans. The implosion of USAPonzi will cause a dramatic discontinuity in the global economy that will lead to a global depression that could be even more severe than "The Great Depression". This imaginary-counterfeit money, currently $108.7 Trillion, will evaporate when USAPonzi implodes causing most banks to fail because most of the money in our banks is imaginary-counterfeit money that has been fraudulently borrowed from the future Americans.
You can learn more about this fraud/Ponzi scheme by reading my websites www.usaponzi.net and www.usaponzi.com or my books "USAPonzi" and "USAPonzi2" which are available on Amazon and also on my www.usaponzi.net website in Kindle and PDF formats.
It appears that it will take action by the U.S. Supreme Court to restore justice for the U.S. Common Man and the rest of the Planet. The U.S. Supreme Court will also have the task of presiding over "The Bankruptcy of the United States of America" that will be caused by this U.S. Government fiscal and accounting fraud.
This is the biggest ($108.7 Trillion) financial fraud ever perpetrated, I call it "USAPonzi: The Ultimate Government Fraud" and "The Biggest Ponzi Scheme on the Planet"!


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Interview With Zapier Ceo On Sequoia And Steadfast Financial's January Investment Via Secondary Market, Acquiring No-code Education Business Makerpad, And Extra Alex Konrad Forbes
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It raised just $1.3 million in seed fairness funding early last decade and has operated profitably for a lot of the final six years. They have been running the corporate entirely remote earlier than the pandemic made it commonplace. And, they have only raised a complete of 1,four million dollars in funding, which provides them a 100x ratio of ARR/funding. Intuit additionally has constructed its own systems for constructing and monitoring the immense number of ML fashions it has in production, together with fashions which are customized for every of its QuickBooks software prospects.
In other instances, simply the reality that we now have issues like our Graviton processors and … run such large capabilities throughout multiple clients, our use of resources is so much extra environment friendly than others. We are of great sufficient scale that we, of course, have good buying economics of issues like bandwidth and vitality and so forth. So, normally, there's vital value financial savings by operating on AWS, and that is what our clients are centered on.
The lawyer's basic job is to take tremendous advanced and technical issues and boil them right down to very simply digestible arguments for a decide, for a jury, or whoever it might be. I do a lot of work with the Administrative Office of the Courts, our central physique doing civic training and outreach to excessive colleges, because I need college and highschool college students and law college students to have an expertise where they get a chance to speak to a choose. So my aim is actually not simply getting to 1 phase of the inhabitants, nevertheless it's making selections accessible to whoever's excited about reading them. And in order for the basic public to have faith and belief us, they should perceive what it's that we're doing and what we're saying. But I suppose there are numerous judges who are attempting to make the judiciary more accessible, and so people can see the work that we're doing and perceive what we're doing after which make their very own opinions about if it is proper or mistaken. But a minimum of, if it is understandable, then there's nonetheless some trust within the framework even when you don't agree with how our selections are acknowledged.
Candidates interviewing for Customer Champion and Frontend Engineer rated their interviews as the hardest, whereas interviews for Senior Software Engineer and Recruiter roles have been rated as the simplest. InterviewThe interviewer cancelled less than an hour earlier londonbased tyk apis scottish equity partnerslundentechcrunch than our scheduled interview, saying that they had already crammed the role. I had taken the morning off work to prepare and so they solely bothered to inform me proper earlier than the interview.
Our specialists, our tech, and our understanding of those adjustments on the market are accelerating our capability to unravel the evolving challenges of our clients' rapid group development," said Nick Cromydas, CEO and Co-Founder of Hunt Club. "Joining the Inc. 5000 list of fastest-growing personal firms in America is a testomony to the onerous work and willpower of the people working at our firm. Our mission is to create one of the best hiring expertise by means of experience and the largest expertise community. This type of accomplishment comes with hard work, smart pivots, nice management, and the assist of a complete lot of individuals." Hunt Club joins the Inc. 5000 listing throughout the high 24% percentile of fastest-growing companies inside the nation.
A lot of what we were investigating was related to following the cash and so she wanted us to be this multidisciplinary unit. His knowledge isn't the product of spending time on crypto Twitter. Rather, earlier than taking the judge place Faruqui was considered one of a group of prosecutors in the U.S. Attorney's office in Washington, D.C., that referred to as themselves the "Bitcoin Strikeforce," and labored with agencies just like the IRS and FBI in federal investigations.
The alleged dialog between Grover and the financial institution official over an IPO financing not coming through has come for flak from all corners. Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella has invested in inventory market and mutual fund funding platform Groww, its co-founder Lalit Keshre stated on micro-blogging website Twitter. Our outlook on Zapier is optimistic given the product's deep penetration into the startup and SMB integrations area and the rapidly rising trade round no-code improvement itself. Integromat, thought-about one of Zapier's closest competitors in this space, counted 5,000 paying prospects initially of 2020 to Zapier's a hundred twenty five,000.
When we had been simply beginning out, our earliest users paid a one-time payment to get into our beta. That helped us collect some really high-quality early customers who helped us enhance what we were offering. In reality, the suggestions we acquired from our earliest clients helped us construct a last product that people have been keen to pay for. On any given day, Lily AI runs tons of of machine learning fashions utilizing computer imaginative and prescient and natural language processing which are customized for its retail and ecommerce clients to make web site product suggestions, forecast demand, and plan merchandising. A lot of customers are using containerized workloads now, and one of the big container technologies is Kubernetes. So we're very committed to providing hybrid capabilities, including operating on premises, including running in different clouds, and making the world as simple and as cost-efficient as possible for purchasers.
In the first six months of the pandemic, Zoom's demand went up about 300%, and so they had been in a place to seamlessly and gracefully fulfill that demand because they're utilizing AWS. You can solely imagine if a company was in their own information centers, how hard that might have been to develop that rapidly. The capacity to dramatically grow or dramatically shrink your IT spend basically is a novel feature of the cloud.
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Music, Reviews
"Lillian Axe" (remaster) by Lillian Axe
January 3, 2009 Ken Pierce	Leave a comment
Artist: Lillian Axe
Title: "Lillian Axe" (remaster)
Label: Metal Mind Productions
If you ever listened to the up and comers in the Glam Rock scene back in the day there is no doubt that you had heard the name of Lillian Axe a couple of times but then again perhaps I am wrong. I say this because when it came down to it, the band was probably one of the best kept secrets that the genre ever introduced and this is quite the shame based on the quality level of songwriting and music that they actually brought to the table. The band was led by singer Ron Taylor and guitarist Steve Blaze and they seemed the perfect pairing when it came to the nature of the material that such a band offered up to their fan base. Their debut, and self titled release was recently remastered by the folks at Metal Mind Productions and this is a gem to find for ones Glam Rock collection because there isn't a bad tune on the album. Produced by Robbin Crosby (who was at the time a member of Ratt), the band had a lot of promise with catchy tunes like "Dream Of A Lifetime" – a song that would be considered one of the bands biggest hits among their growing underground following, and of course there was a little more depth to them than your conventional "Hair Metal" troupe. Songs like "Hard Luck" showed a heavier side and featured a crunch to its driving riff along with some ripping guitar solos from Blaze who truly stood higher than his peers but never got the true chance to be considered competition based on the shifting tides that would find the band almost fading from the media eye of the time. They had the expected ballad in "Nobody Knows", and it's a track to raise your lighter to and there was fun stuff like the closer "Laughing In Your Face" and sing along numbers like "Picture Perfect", but sadly the proper attention was just not given them. I guess such a thing was bound to happen with this being the tail end of the Glam Rock domination of the scene and the pending rise of the Grunge Movement. Less attention was given to bands that were considered to be too much of the same thing and then it was all gloom and sorrow from Seattle. It didn't matter if the group was different or not, it was all the perception at this stage. A shame really, because while I myself only lightly experienced them in their heyday, can agree that this album was a strong debut and should have done a lot more for the group and the ebbing fires of this genres music scene.
The band was rounded out by John Ster (rhythm guitar), Rob Stratton (bass) and Danny King (drums) and all of them do proper good on the recording which sounds fantastic in its remastered form. There is nothing over the top technical about the band, as this was not common for groups of this type, and the rhythms are very simply stated but all members seem to offer up some backing vocals and these make the choruses really big and I enjoyed that. There is a booklet enclosed that gives you the lyrics to all the catchy numbers and even offers up some historical liner notes about the bands beginnings and current incarnation. In today's music world the band performs with Steve Blaze as the only original member and they are signed to Motor City Records. If the long gone days of Glam Rock of the eighties is something that you pine for or you consider yourself a historian of the genre as a new student of that decades Metal, then be sure to check out this quality re-issue while you can still find it. I felt that they were a band you could enjoy if you listened to Ratt or Dokken more than a Poison or Bulletboys, so use that as an example if you needed one. Metal Mind Productions also released the bands follow up "Love & War" and this allows you to be up to speed pretty easily. Thanks Metal Mind, we would probably have never seen this be remastered had you not taken the plunge.
1.	Dream Of A Lifetime
2.	Inside Out
3.	Vision In The Night
4.	Picture Perfect
5.	The More Than You Get
6.	Misery Loves Company
7.	Nobody Knows
8.	Hard Luck
9.	Waiting In The Dark
10.	Laughing In Your Face
Official Website: http://www.lillianaxe.com
album reviewsdanny kingdebut albumsglam rockjohn sterlillian axelillian axe remastersmetal mind productionsrob strattonron taylorsteve blaze
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Portuguese cuisine is characterized by its rich flavor and is related to the so-called Mediterranean diet.
The influence of the former colonies' kitchen is also evident, especially in the introduction of spices, including piri piri and black pepper, as well as cinnamon, vanilla and saffron. Olive oil is also at the base of Portuguese cuisine, both for cooking and for seasoning. Garlic is widely used, such as coriander and parsley.
Breakfast is simple, usually a combination of coffee or milk and bread with butter, jam, cheese or ham. Lunch usually lasts for more than an hour and is served between noon and two in the afternoon, or between one and three. Dinner is served late, usually from eight o'clock at night. Both lunch and dinner are usually accompanied by soup.


The Senior Resource Fair on May 4 was very successful. There were about 40 organizations that had tables at the event. The free lunch (tamales, rice, salad, watermelon) was enjoyed by all. Police dog Bolo made an appearance with his West Sac PD trainer and was a hit. The Community Center provided very nice bags this year for the attendees to hold whatever they collected. Everyone who filled out a comment form was entered into the drawing... prizes donated by the City and by local businesses.
BBCAN, in partnership with West Sacramento Parks & Recreation, invites all local seniors, their families and caregivers to attend the annual Free Senior Resource Fair on Friday, May 4, from 10am to 12:30pm at the West Sacramento Community Center.
Over 35 diverse organizations are invited to be on hand with information that will enhance and support daily living, communication, health and interests of seniors. Yolo County District Attorney's Fraud Prevention Unit will be present with information on unfair business practices, deceptive sales pitches, false advertising, scams and how to identify them to protect yourself. There will be free blood pressure checks, a voter registration table, raffle prizes, refreshments, and much more!


Hey Remodelaholics! I am so happy to be back today with a super simple DIY for some really great reclaimed wood and pipe shelves. Using pipes in home decor is a bit of a trend these days, and one that is easy to incorporate into your own home. Chances are you've seen a similar look floating around on Pinterest, Instagram, or in popular design stores, and today I am going to break down the simple steps for creating your own industrial inspired decor.
I recently finished up this 2 piece powder room which is a part of my boys shared bedroom. It has a bit of a rustic, coastal look going on, and I wanted to carry that same feel into the bathroom. We live by a lake so it is a style that suits our home. I also wanted to bring in some bold colors, as the rest of our home is a little more muted.
Enough chit chat, let's get building! Each bracket (which consists of 1 flange, pipe and cap) cost me under $6-and that was in Canadian $$, so this is a pretty inexpensive project.
I couldn't find black flanges at my local store, so I purchased galvanized steel and just gave them a quick coat of matte black spray paint. I also sprayed the strapping. This is an optional step depending on what is available to you.
It's very easy to assemble the brackets, but you may want to wipe each part down with a paper towel first, as they are generally a bit greasy and can leave traces of grease on your hands and wall. Threading the pieces together is simple.
For the shelves, I simply used a new cedar deck board that I banged up with a hammer, screws, and anything else that would make it look "rustic." I then applied one coat of Danish Oil in Dark Walnut, and a coat of "Sunbleached" Oil Stain. This gave the boards the look of weathered wood, without having to go find an old barn. My shelves are 22″ long, but your measurements may be different depending on your space. Be sure to stain all end cuts.
Mount your brackets to the wall using appropriate screws. If you can not mount into studs, you will need to use drywall anchors and long screws. Be sure to check for level as you go.
Once your brackets are securely attached to the wall you will need to place your shelves. You can adjust the cap so that the boards sit flat on the pipes. Measure and cut strapping with tin snips, then fold the steel strapping around the pipe and attach with 3/4″ wood screws on the underside of the shelf.
If you would like you can give the screw heads and pipe threads a touch of black paint to make them blend in with the brackets.
This is the fun part! I like to add a mix of pretty and practical items, with a variety of height, texture and some type of greenery, real or faux.
I used the same style of bracket to hang the mirror, which added a nice repeating element. While I know it is not everyone's style, I personally like to mix finishes. In this room alone there is matte black, chrome and copper all in one space. The variety makes things feel co-ordinated but not too matchy matchy.
With a few inexpensive changes like painting the vanity, adding DIY Shelves and hanging thrifted art, this little powder room is now complete!
I am always looking for simple projects to personalize our home. I hope you found a little inspiration here today! If you have any questions, I'd love to hear from you in the comments. Find us on facebook or use #imaremodelaholic to be featured over on instagram.
Ashlea is a wife, mother of 3, and blogger behind the Canadian lifestyle and DIY blog This Mamas Dance. Her blog offers a mix of tutorials, home building projects, coastal cottage style and a healthy dose of encouragement. When she isn't writing, rearranging furniture or feeding the small pack of wolves referred to as her children, she can be found teaching ballet or sipping a hot cup of tea.
I love how this 2-piece powder room came out and I have been thinking of making shelves very similar to these! Thanks for a great tutorial and I hope your boys enjoy it!
Thank you Megan- it was a fun project to complete! When you make your shelves, we'd love to see a picture of the finished product! Good luck.


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Home»National & World News»Birth of an encyclical: Priest documents preparation of 'Humanae Vitae'
Birth of an encyclical: Priest documents preparation of 'Humanae Vitae'
/ July 12, 2018 / 499
IMAGE: CNS photo/Libreria Editrice Vaticana
By Cindy Wooden
VATICAN CITY (CNS) — Documents in the Vatican Secret Archives and the archives of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith prove it was a "myth" that Blessed Paul VI largely set out on his own in writing "Humanae Vitae," the 1968 encyclical on married love and the regulation of births.
In anticipation of the encyclical's 50th anniversary, Pope Francis gave special access to the archives to Msgr. Gilfredo Marengo, a professor at Rome's Pontifical John Paul II Theological Institute for Marriage and Family Sciences.
The results of his research were published in Italian in early July in the book, "The Birth of an Encyclical: 'Humanae Vitae' in the Light of the Vatican Archives."
In a note to reporters, Msgr. Marengo said his research revealed four little-known facts: Pope Paul approved an encyclical, "De Nascendae Prolis" ("On a Child's Birth"), in early May 1968, but was convinced by translators in the Vatican Secretariat of State that it still needed work; a new draft was corrected by hand by Pope Paul; on several occasions the future St. John Paul II sent suggestions, including an extensive treatment of the theme, but there is no evidence that they were used heavily in the final document; and Pope Paul asked the 199 bishops at the 1967 world Synod of Bishops to send him reflections on the theme of the regulation of births.
Msgr. Marengo said the request to the synod members was a surprise. It is not included in any report about the synod itself.
"The news about the desire of the pope to consult all the members of the synodal assembly is very important," he said, "because one of the accusations repeated most often after the publication of 'Humanae Vitae' was that the pope decided to act alone, in a manner that was not collegial."
The pope received only 25 responses in the period between Oct. 9, 1967, and May 31, 1968, Msgr. Marengo said. And, perhaps more surprising, of those, only seven bishops asked Pope Paul to repeat the Catholic Church's teaching against the use of contraceptives.
The other responses — including a joint U.S. response from Cardinal Lawrence Shehan of Baltimore, Cardinal John Krol of Philadelphia, Archbishop John Dearden of Detroit and Bishop John Wright of Pittsburgh — exhibited an openness to the use of artificial birth control in some circumstances, however "none of them would say that using the pill is a good thing," Msgr. Marengo told Catholic News Service.
Bishop Fulton J. Sheen of Rochester, New York, and Cardinal Karol Wojtyla of Krakow, Poland — the future Pope John Paul II — were among the seven bishops urging a reaffirmation of church teaching that using contraceptives was wrong.
"The pope never thought of proceeding alone, putting the collegial profile of the Petrine ministry in parentheses," Msgr. Marengo wrote.
But consultation is not the same thing as taking a vote. And bishops were not the only ones asked for their input. Long before the synod, and before Pope Paul was elected to lead the church, St. John XXIII had appointed a small committee to study the issue of the regulation of birth.
Pope Paul expanded the commission, which included several married couples. The commission's work ended in 1966 with the leaking of a report by the majority of members asserting artificial contraception was not intrinsically evil; minority reports, insisting contraception was morally wrong, were leaked in response.
After reading the commission reports and the bishops' input, Msgr. Marengo wrote, Pope Paul "found himself in a situation that was not easy. His judgment had matured, and he felt obliged in conscience to express it in virtue of his apostolic ministry, knowing well that going in that direction would place him at a predictable and painful distance from sectors of the church community that were not marginal."
In fact, less than a week after the encyclical was published, Pope Paul held a general audience and spoke about just how weighty the decision was. "Never before have we felt so heavily, as in this situation, the burden of our office," he said July 31, 1968. "We studied, read and discussed as much as we could; and we also prayed very much about it."
For Msgr. Marengo, the process of drafting "Humanae Vitae" cannot be understood without recognizing the changes in the church unleased by the Second Vatican Council, including on the theme of marriage and parenthood.
"Since the council in 'Gaudium et Spes' recognized 'responsible parenthood' as a value — changing in a fundamental way the vision of marriage — the idea of many was that it required a change in the church's sexual morality as well," he told CNS.
"The difficulty for Pope Paul VI was in how to explain that the use of contraceptives was not licit, but to do so in the light of an affirmation of responsible parenthood," he said.
The encyclical's emphasis on the "inseparable connection" between the "unitive and the procreative" qualities of married love, he said, marked a significant change in church teaching from before Vatican II; previously, the church taught that the primary purpose of marriage was for procreation.
Blessed Paul's personal work in rewriting the encyclical's "pastoral directives" also reflects the teaching of Vatican II, he said. Previously, "the magisterial task was to explain, and the pastoral task was to tell people to accept."
"'You must obey' was the classic pastoral approach," Msgr. Marengo said.
But, he said, "Pope Paul broke this schema, saying, 'I will explain the teaching and if you try to understand it, you will see that it is true and is what is best for you.'"
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Throwback Thursday: Rural-Urban Farm Mass
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Myers said he told the brewery and pub's staff about the impending closure at the beginning of October. Mystery closing its doors will put 26 people out of work, but Myers said his focus in the last days of the business is helping employees find new jobs in the local beer industry.
Mystery opened in 2012 after a successful Kickstarter campaign raised $44,000. The brewery was influential in the rise of Triangle beer, and its tallboy cans could be found statewide in bottle shops and on grocery store shelves. At one time, Myers served as president of the North Carolina Craft Brewers Guild.
In a beer world dominated by IPAs, Mystery largely focused elsewhere, developing a following for Belgian-style ales and saisons as well as stouts and dark English ales. Most of its beers are only around seasonally, with the pale ale (the Golden Hind) and the Belgian white ale (the Orbiter) available year-round.
Mystery's beers collected state and national awards, including a gold for Orpheus in Belgian dubbel category in the 2016 U.S. Open Beer Championship.
But craft beer shifted from the time Mystery opened to today. Myers said most breweries were part of a restaurant brewpub operation just a few years ago, and he saw space for a small production craft brewery. Unfortunately, he said, others saw that too, and recently, the trend has swung back to breweries running taprooms, banking on beer tourism without the costly overhead of distribution.
Mystery said the last weekend will be spent trying to go out the right way. He said Mystery will tap some cellared kegs he had been saving for special occasions.
Mystery's closing comes within a day of Raleigh's Oak & Dagger announcing it will close the bar side of its operations, but continue brewing beer elsewhere. Oak & Dagger will close its Seaboard Station pub on Sunday, Oct. 28.


The cornucopia that is the annual HIMSS conference and tradeshow – healthcare technology's biggest event – is behind us, but what's left in the wake is wonderful, inspiring even, if not a bit overwhelming. The reactions to this year's event have been overwhelmingly positive. Interoperability in the form of data sharing and a ban on patient health information blocking by CMS (through proposed rules released the first day of HIMSS) set the tone.
This was followed by CMS administrator Seema Verma taking a strong tone in all of her presentations at HIMSS, with the media and during her keynote speech. The federal body made it clear that data generated from patient care is, unequivocally, their data. While these themes heavily influenced the show, there were other takeaways.
There are many other diverse opinions about what came out at HIMSS19 and the themes that will affect healthcare in the year ahead. For some additional perspective, I turned to healthcare's thought leaders; people who are a lot smarter than I. Their responses follow. That said, did we miss anything in the following?
After spending a week surrounded by some of the most intellectual and innovative minds globally in healthcare at HIMSS19, I'm even more confident that the shift toward patient engagement mass adoption is well underway and ON FHIR. The new CMS/ONC proposed law around interoperability and penalties for "information blocking," are both touchdowns for the quarterback, which remains to be patient engagement. The robust discussions during the pre-conference HIMSS patient engagement program, reflected a move to a consumer-centric approach evidenced by the presence of Amazon, Google and Microsoft at the show. The keynote by Premier's CEO Susan Devore shared a consumer-centered, provider led vision, "with data flowing seamlessly and being analyzed and effectively leveraged to guide decision making at the point of care." Collaboration in healthcare is the key to everyone's success. I was inspired to see her and so many women coming together to support each other in HIT, as Dr. Mom remains the healthcare decision maker in the households, we are all ultimately trying to reach.
Physician burnout continues to be a hot topic coming out of HIMSS19 and many feel that EHR platforms may be a part of the burnout epidemic. There were several sessions that focused on user-centered design at HIMSS this year including one that focused on the iterative approach to software development and user experience. First, I think that the industry is recognizing that one-size-fits doesn't work for EHRs. Additionally, I believe that improvements will come in large part from the greater involvement of practicing physicians in designing specialty-specific EHR workflows and interfaces. A combination of powerful technology like AI and augmented intelligence, as well as well-designed EHR solutions with an intuitive user interface and user experience, will help ease the physician burden and automate time-consuming and administrative tasks like coding and billing – ultimately reducing burnout.
HIMSS 2019 showcased the ongoing digital transformation to make healthcare responsive to patients across a continuum of care. Enabling patients to be able to access, use and own their personal health data, while ensuring privacy and security was the central takeaway of this year's HIMSS. Notable, critical moves to support this goal included: the Department of Health and Human Services announced proposed rules to enhance interoperability and data access with payor data; ongoing security and privacy efforts to ensure appropriate patient access to their data while mitigating emerging risks from items including medical devices to nation-state attackers; and artificial intelligence and machine learning initiatives to effectively manage the tsunami of data in healthcare while promoting optimal healthcare.
The best part of HIMSS this year was we seemed to get away from a single buzzword. Healthcare is hard, there's no silver bullet. The Precision Medicine Summit got into the weeds about how to really roll out a program in a provider system. The AI companies stopped talking about AI for AI sake and were more focused on ROI. Everyone seemed more balanced about VBC: yes, inevitable, but also gradual. Consumerism was probably as close to a central theme as existed. And I continue to be excited about the energy, creativity, and commitment of the entrepreneurs in this market.
Anytime you bring 43,000 healthcare professionals together in one location, you will never have a shortage of opinions on the future of the industry. We are at the cusp of a revolution in healthcare, driven by technological advancements. Some key trends we saw at HIMSS19 were, no surprise, around artificial intelligence, where people are trying to enhance predictive risk scoring and improve patient engagement. Additionally, there were profound announcements around mandating application programming interface (APIs) to improve the flow of healthcare data across the ecosystem. As interoperability becomes liquid, it will become the critical component of every healthcare system, driving the industry to new heights.
On day one of the conference, the HHS sucked the oxygen out of the room by dropping a proposed 800-page rule on data and interoperability. The rule aims to aggressively expand interoperability by making it mandatory for providers and health plans participating in government programs such as Medicare Advantage, CHIP and others to make patient data available to patients as a condition for business. CMS head Seema Verma and ONC Chief Don Rucker drove the message home repeatedly during the conference. Indeed, Seema Verma declared it an epic misunderstanding that patient data can belong to anyone other than the patient. A somewhat sobering counterpoint was voiced by Epic Systems CEO Judy Faulkner in a media interview where she suggested that interoperability challenges go well beyond data sharing by EHR vendors. Regardless of where it may fall, interoperability will continue to dominate healthcare IT agenda for some time to come. Related issues around new and emerging data sources, especially social determinants of health, will gain prominence in the coming months.
The proposed rule on interoperability of health information influenced most conversations at HIMSS. In the context of cybersecurity, the rule served as a reminder that it's just as important to let "good guys" in quickly and seamlessly as it is to prevent unauthorized access. We want to enable value-based care and give patients the ability to manage their own health by having access to their records. We also want to keep costs low and efficiency high by enabling interoperability and giving partners, vendors and employees necessary access to systems. Therefore, a cybersecurity strategy needs to strike a balance between user engagement and data security.
The power of consumerism is really impacting healthcare and the need for patient engagement is alive and well. Providers across the board must look at new technologies and ways to redefine patient engagement to better communicate with patients and partners but do it via channels that are easy for staff and customers to use. New applications, such as telehealth and secure text messaging, have changed how healthcare communicates and consumers are demanding that immediate, convenient engagement.
HIMSS19 seemed to have the most decision makers at the conference in five-plus years when a lot of healthcare organizations were still looking at implementing electronic health records. We might be ready for another wave of healthcare IT investment after healthcare organizations digested those investments made in electronic health records. The key is now around optimizing EHRs – interoperability, improving ease of use, enhancing analytics — or dedicating resources to enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems to make themselves more efficient in the back office. We're also seeing healthcare organizations position themselves to be more consumer-oriented, partly to address new entries from some of the tech companies, such as Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and a multitude of others, that wanted to make a big splash at HIMSS.


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Editorial Correction: January/February 2021 Issue
In our recap of the 2020 Top 5 Cuban Production Cigars there was a misprint for the final two placements due to an error in positioning between Cuban and non-Cuban selections. #4 The Joya de Nicaragua Numero Uno position was intended as Ramon Allones Specially Selected – One of the finest robustos in the entire Cuban range and never lets you down. Surprisingly powerful. #5 The Balmoral Añejo XO position was intended as Trinidad Vigia – A killer stick; slick, smooth and deceptively strong. We apologize for any confusion. We encourage you to enjoy all the phenomenal cigars in the issue. Sincerely, Cigar & Spirits Magazine
New Vodka Named After Miami Nightclub E11EVEN
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RYAN REYNOLDS OFFERS APOLOGIES TO GEORGE CLOONEY AND THE ROCK: DIAGEO ACQUIRES AVIANTION GIN AND THE STAR HITS IT BIG
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TAMARAC, FL – Gurkha Cigars is re-releasing the grandfathered brand San Miguel as its latest premium cigar. San Miguel marks the third recent offering by Gurkha Cigars that is made with the highly desirable Aganorsa Leaf from Nicaragua. This Nicaraguan puro is also made with Aganorsa's signature double Nicaraguan binder and includes Nicaraguan filler and Nicaraguan shade grown corojo and will be sold for less than $10 per cigar (not including tobacco state taxes). San Miguel will be available in 20 count boxes in the following three sizes: • Petite Corona (4 ¼ x 42) • Robusto (5 x 52) • Toro (6 x 54) In 2019, Gurkha announced the Gurkha Nicaragua Series and Treinta also made by Aganorsa Leaf and they both have received great reviews. Cigar Snob gave the Nicaragua Series a 92 rating and the Treinta a 90 rating. Cigar and Spirits Magazine ranked Gurkha Nicaragua Series #13 in their top 20 cigars of 2019. For more pictures please visit: https://www.dropbox.com/sh/y3h4hrswy5c0wtr/AAD1uTsMwaOBrKWMpHYCeWPYa?dl=0 Gurkha Cigars are known throughout the world for their premium cigars. The company produces millions of cigars per year that are sold in more than 70 countries worldwide. While Gurkha is known for its exclusivity, [...]
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The Journal of Social Psychology, 1981, 113, 85-93.
MEASURING ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION BY IMMEDIATE EMOTIONAL REACTIONS*
University of New South Wales, Australia
JOHN J. RAY
An attempt is made to construct an achievement motivation inventory with the use of single words rather than sentences as items. A set of 54 such items was given to a random doorstep sample of 145 Sydney adults. Ten of the 54 items were found to form a new scale with a reliability of .80 which correlated .59 with a conventional scale. The new scale was, however, all-positive (no anti-achievement items). To overcome this, a new set of negative items was administered with the new scale to a sample of 87 Sydney people (representative on age, sex, and education). Ten negative items were found which overall gave a correlation of -.46 with the all-positive scale. The reliability for the combined 20-item scale was .87 and it predicted the respondents' rated actual life achievement .405 compared with .170 for a conventional scale.
Perhaps one of the saddest episodes in social psychology so far has been the pronounced disagreement over the usefulness of projective tests in measuring achievement motivation. If mainstream opinion is any guide (e.g., 4, 7, 15) their unreliability probably means that all the great body of work done with such tests has gone for nought.
Projective tests do however still have their defenders (e.g., 6, 12) and they also have the one great attraction that from the beginning made them preferable to self-report tests: their lack of transparency, the fact that a person can potentially be tested without knowing what we want to know about him. Although self-report tests of achievement motivation go back at least as far as Murray (9), they were always held to be of less validity because of their openness to faking.
In spite of the transparency problem, however, it would seem at this stage that self-report tests might have a better claim to use because of their generally more satisfactory reliability. The transparency problem is, after all, common to most fields of personality and attitude measurement. It could be that self-report tests are all we have left [but see Ray (12)].
One possibility that might have enabled us to escape the horns of this dilemma to some extent was a new test format pioneered by Alpert and Sargent (1) and forgotten soon thereafter but which has recently been revived with great success by Wilson (17). In this format, the S replies not to long sentences as test items but rather to single words or phrases in isolation. Thus, instead of indicating agreement or disagreement with an item, such as "The death sentence is necessary in some cases and should be retained for certain criminals," the S simply says "Yes" or "No" to the single phrase: "Death sentence." Unclear though such an item might seem to be as a question, Ss do nonetheless seem to find the task highly meaningful and give consistent and easily validated replies. This format is referred to by Wilson as the "catch-phrase" format and by Alpert and Sargent as a "test of immediate emotional reactions." Both Wilson and Alpert and Sargent used it to construct scales of conservatism, and one incomplete bibliography (2) lists no less than 76 recent published papers using the Wilson scale.
So far, however, since the format has been used mainly for the measurement of conservatism, a very cogent objection to its wider use might be that it is in fact adaptable only to the measurement of such a highly general concept. Wilson (17) himself has presented a variety of evidence -- not all using his scale -- that conservatism is in fact the general factor in social attitudes (as intelligence is the general factor in abilities). One might feel that the vagueness of the items has to be matched by a variety of items for the scale to generate any discrimination at all. In some confirmation of this, the Wilson scale does have an unusually large number of items (50 items), suggesting that reliabilities might be unsatisfactory with fewer. This poses the question of whether there are enough words and phrases in the language to provide the number of items needed to measure less general concepts than conservatism.
If this difficulty can be overcome, however, the new format has obvious attractions for the measurement of achievement motivation. Like projective tests, it may draw on potentially deeper levels of the person than do normal self-report tests. Unlike projective tests, it does have satisfactory reliability. It is something of a half-way house that has to some extent the advantages of both projective and self-report tests with the disadvantages of neither.
Below is reported an attempt to construct such a test.
B. STUDY I
Producing a set of candidate items for the new scale proved easier than expected. A total of 84 items were written to measure pro- and anti-achievement reactions. Because they were to be tested on a doorstep sample, however, the questionnaire had to be of limited length; hence, only 54 of the 84 items were selected for final inclusion. Also included was a self-report measure of achievement motivation in conventional behavior-inventory format, which was to provide concurrent validation for the new scale. The scale selected for this purpose was a short form of the Ray-Lynn "AO" scale, the only published scale validated for use in Australia but with an extensive range of validity confirmations (13). Additionally included to check on possible effects of common format was a short form of the Australian revision of the Wilson scale (10). As other findings in both Australia and the U. K. had suggested no relationship between achievement motivation and conservatism (14), any relationship observed in the present study would be due to common format rather than an intrinsic relationship between the things being measured. As further checks on validity, a range of demographic information was also secured from each respondent. It was felt that higher occupational status, higher education, immigrant origin, and the person's past or present leadership would indicate (among other things) higher achievement motivation.
The scale was administered by trained and supervised student interviewers to a randomly selected cluster sample of people reached at their homes in the Sydney metropolitan area. N was 145.
The pool of candidate items was subjected to the automatic item comparison and deletion procedures of program ITRA (11). This program deletes one by one those items having least correlation with all other items. Reliability was calculated by Cronbach's (3) coefficient "alpha" which is the mean of all possible split-half reliabilities. The initial reliability of the unshortened item-pool was .70. The maximum reliability occurred at the 20-item length (.83). This was, however, an all-positive scale, since all anti-achievement items had been deleted. To correct this, the best 10 positive items and the best 10 negative items were selected out separately and combined to form a new balanced scale. This scale, however, had a reliability of only .71 and a correlation between its two halves of only -.128. More encouragingly, however, the 10 positive items treated as a short scale in their own right showed a reliability of .80.
The reliability of the 10-item short form of the Wilson C-scale was .66. The reliability of the 14-item short form of the Ray-Lynn "AO" scale was .79.
The 10-item all-positive scale was chosen as the one most promising for further use. It correlated .59 with the conventional format scale, .21 with occupation, .22 with education, and .26 with leadership background (p < .05). It did not, however, significantly predict immigrant origin (r = -.O5) or conservatism (r = -.O1). Higher scorers, then, were better educated, had higher status jobs, and had more often been leaders. On a number of criteria, then, the new scale appeared to have demonstrated predictive validity.
C. STUDY II
Although acquiescent response set has not generally been raised as a problem in the achievement motivation area and although concern with acquiescence is now normally limited to particularly ambiguous scales, it seemed desirable to preclude any possibility of such a problem with the new scale from the start (8). A new set of negative items to go with the best 10 positive items was thus called for.
Additionally, the validation so far available was of only a rather preliminary sort. Further validity studies seemed necessary. Of all the validation methods normally used, the one with intrinsically greatest generalizability seemed to be peer-ratings. Performance on laboratory tasks is always of unknown generalizability, but peer-ratings treat the rater as an accumulating data-bank about the person's everyday behavior over a long period.
Sampling for validation studies is inherently more difficult. One has to find not only the respondents, but also the people who know them and are willing to rate them. The recourse adopted in this situation on the present occasion was a fairly usual one: Students were co-opted to give a questionnaire to people they knew and whom they could rate on the attribute in question. The single quota restraint of asking them not to use fellow students was imposed. It was also suggested that where alternatives were available they use people in the more humble occupations.
The key question that had been used for the new items in the previous study was, "Say Yes if the thing described is important to you and No if it is unimportant to you or you dislike it." This represented something of a departure from Wilson's (17) key question which read, "Which of the following do you favor or believe in?" It was felt that the original Wilson question might be more suitable for negative items than the one previously used in Study I. For this reason half of the new negative items were given under one such question and half under the other.
The new negative items themselves were obtained by seeking antonyms to the existing successful positive items. Altogether 43 negative and 10 positive items were administered.
The 15-item Williams (16) n-Achievement scale was also administered. This was the only other scale in conventional format which could be found that had been developed for Australian conditions. Although unpublished, it had been validated and seemed generally well-conceived. It was included, then, to extend the concurrent validity already given in Study I by the Ray-Lynn "AO" scale.
The students were asked to rate each person on eight attributes, all of which were carefully explained in advance. These were: "Task-oriented," "Success oriented," "Achievement motivated," "Fears failure," "Is actually successful," "Tends to boss others around," "Tends to accept direction from others," and "Needs to achieve." The first two correspond to a popular breakdown of the achievement motivation construct into intrinsic motivation versus extrinsic motivation; the third was a global measure of conscious motivation; the fourth taken with the second corresponds to another popular breakdown of the achievement motivation concept into positive and negative motivation; the fifth is perhaps the most important validity criterion of all and measures motivation by its outcome; the sixth and seventh correspond to the two main components of authoritarian behavior and were included on the grounds that there seemed some conceptual relationship between achievement motivation and authoritarianism; the eighth was a measure of motivation whether consciously acknowledged or not. It was a measure of motivation as inferred from behavior rather than as inferred from what the person openly acknowledged.
A total of 87 people were interviewed and rated. All ratings were done unknown to the interviewee. The mean scores for the sample on age, sex, and education did not differ significantly from those of the previous sample. Occupation, however, showed a predictable bias towards being more non-manual.
Again subjecting the trial items to program ITRA, a balanced 20-item scale was automatically produced with a reliability of .87. The correlation between its negative and positive halves was a quite satisfactory -.461. All the new negative items came from those given under the key question most similar to Wilson's original one.
The Williams scale showed disappointing reliability. Even after five weak items were deleted, the reliability for the remaining 10 was only .55. The 10-item form was, however, the one used for subsequent analyses. As such, it correlated .529 with the new balanced scale and .545 with the 10 positive items alone. It did thus serve its purpose of demonstrating concurrent validity.
The new balanced 20-item scale consisted, of course, of the 10 positive items selected in Study I plus 10 new negative items (see Appendix). It did, as such, show generally superior validity characteristics. Its prediction of rated actual life achievement was particularly good -- a correlation of .405 compared to .243 for the all-positive scale and .170 for the Williams scale. Other correlations observed with the 20-item scale were as follows: .315 with occupation, .394 with rated success-orientation, .094 with rated task-orientation, .342 with rated achievement orientation, .254 with rated fear of failure, and .295 with rated need for achievement. With the use of a contrast-wise error-rate approach, correlations above .180 were significant.
Some of the correlations may appear low in absolute terms even though they are highly significant. They are nonetheless fairly characteristic of the correlations normally found in validity studies of this sort (5, 13). Their low magnitude presumably stems from the fact that motivation is intrinsically difficult to observe and rate; it is much harder to be certain of than is, for instance, actual achievement. This being so, it is encouraging that the scale correlated so much more strongly than did the other scales with rated actual achievement, particularly when one considers that actual achievement is itself only partly determined by motivation.
It was found that the new scale did not correlate at all with sex, indicating that it would be equally suitable for use with respondents of either sex.
The 10 positive items treated as a scale in their own right showed a reliability on this occasion that was actually higher than that observed earlier (.86). The means and standard deviations obtained with the scale of 10 positive items were 25.30 (4.39) in Study I and 26.05 (4.70) in Study II. In Study II the 20-item balanced scale statistics were a mean of 50.13 and an SD of 7.78.
D. DISCUSSION
With remarkable uniformity, new psychological tests seem to be constructed, provided with norms, and validated on groups of students. The respondents are seldom even a sample of students. Major personality inventories, such as the Jackson (5) "PRF," do not appear to this day to have ever been administered to a general population sample that even attempted to be random. Thus, although the sampling procedures used in the present studies were extremely modest, they are certainly not worse than those generally employed. They offer, in fact, some grounds for believing that the new test might be generally applicable and that it is reliable and valid.
Scales constructed in one English-speaking country generally show some loss of reliability when deployed in another country, but on the present occasion this effect could well be quite small. Given the extremely basic English of the new format, it is in fact difficult to imagine just what could be non-transferable to (say) U. S. or British culture. Nonetheless, other users would probably be advised to check its split-half reliability on the first such occasion of its use.
As a third alternative to the two existing measures, the new scale could well be routinely included in future studies of achievement motivation. Since its all-positive short form of 10 items takes only about one minute to administer, the extra check so provided requires little effort and might also make possible its use in situations which might otherwise have been difficult (e.g., in street surveys).
There can of course be no claim that the new scale should forthwith supplant existing methods of achievement motivation measurement. It is put forward merely as a third way that may have promise. Like all compromises, it offers the prospect of ascertaining a little of everything. Like some compromises, it could turn out to be worse than either of the alternatives. The validation reported above does clearly limit the risks involved in use of the new scale but only further research and more extensive experience will be able to tell whether it in fact represents an improvement over existing methods.
The New "Catchphrase" Achievement Motivation Scale
In the following list of words and phrases answer "Yes" or "No" by circling the number under that heading. We want to know whether you agree with or approve of the thing concerned.
.........................................Yes...?......No............................................Yes....?.....No
1. Weakness........................3.....2......1..............6. Dabbling.................3......2......1
2. Aimlessness......................3.....2......1..............7. Incompetence.........3......2......1
3. Doodling..........................3.....2......1..............8. Muddling through....3......2......1
4. Living from day to day.....3.....2.......1.............9. Putting things off
................................................................................until tomorrow.......3......2......1
5. Failure.............................3.....2......1............10. Being unprepared
................................................................................for things...............3......2.....1
The next list of words and phrases is a bit different. Here we want to know whether or not the thing concerned is important to you personally.
..........................................Yes...?.....No............................................Yes.....?.....No
11. Incentive.........................3.....2......1............16. Achievement.........3......2.......1
12. Goals..............................3.....2......1............17. Promotion.............3......2.......1
13. Ambition.........................3.....2......1............18. Getting results.......3.......2.......1
14. A career..........................3.....2......1............19. "Getting on"..........3.......2.......1
15. Success in life..................3....2......1.............20. Competition..........3.......2.......1
The scale score is obtained by addition of the circled numbers. For items 1 to 10, however, a "3" must be counted as a "1" and vice versa.
{Articles below by J.J. Ray can generally be accessed simply by clicking on the name of the article. I am however also gradually putting online a lot of abstracts, extracts and summaries from older articles by other authors so if an article not highlighted below seems of particular interest, clicking here or here might just save you a trip to the library}
1. ALPERT, R., & SARGENT, S. S. Conservatism-radicalism measured by immediate emotional reactions. J. Soc. Psychol., 1941, 14, 181-186.
2. BOYCE, H. W. The measurement of conservatism. The Wilson-Patterson scale: Bibliography and abstracts. Paper published privately by its author, at State College of Victoria, 336 Glenferrie Rd., Malvern, Victoria, Australia, 1976.
3. CRONBACH, L. J. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 1951, 16, 297-334.
4. ENTWISLE, D. R. To dispel fantasies about fantasy-based measures of achievement motivation. Psychol. Bull., 1972, 77, 377-391.
5. JACKSON, D. N. Personality Research Form manual. New York: Research Psychologists Press, 1967.
6. KARON, B. P. Reliability: Paradigm or paradox, with especial reference to personality tests. J. Project. Techn. & Personal. Assess., 1966, 30, 223-227.
7. KLINGER, E. Fantasy need achievement as a motivational construct. Psychol. Bull., 1966, 66, 291-308.
8. MARTIN, J. Acquiescence: Measurement and theory. Brit. J. Soc. & Clin. Psychol., 1964, 3, 216-225.
9. MURRAY, H. A. Explorations in Personality. New York: Oxford, 1938.
10. Ray, J.J. (1972) Are conservatism scales irreversible? British J. Social & Clinical Psychology 11, 346-352.
11. RAY, J.J. (1972) A new reliability maximization procedure for Likert scales. Australian Psychologist 7, 40-46.
12. Ray, J.J. (1974) Projective tests can be made reliable: The measurement of achievement motivation. Journal of Personality Assessment 38, 303-307.
13. RAY, J.J. (1979) A quick measure of achievement motivation -- validated in Australia and reliable in Britain and South Africa. Australian Psychologist 14, 337-344.
14. RAY, J.J. (1981) The politics of achievement motivation. J. Social Psychology, 115, 137-138.
15. WEINSTEIN, M. S. Achievement motivation and risk preference. J. Personal. & Soc. Psychol., 1969, 13, 153-172.
16. WILLIAMS, A. J. Research study of the characteristics and performance of small business owner/managers in Australia. Unpublished report, Western Australian Institute of Technology, Perth, Australia, 1974.
17. WILSON, G. D. The Psychology of Conservatism. London: Academic Press, 1973.
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text:
In Afghanistan: Opium Production Up; Prisoners Reportedly Tortured : The Two-Way The seemingly intractable nature of the problems plaguing Afghanistan are being underscored yet again with two new reports from the United Nations.
In Afghanistan: Opium Production Up; Prisoners Reportedly Tortured
October 11, 20118:56 AM ET
Mark Memmott
June, 2011: U.S. Marines patrol with Afghan forces through a harvested poppy field in Afghanistan's Helmand province.
David Gilkey/NPR hide caption
David Gilkey/NPR
The seemingly intractable nature of the problems plaguing Afghanistan are being underscored yet again with two new reports from the United Nations:
-- Torture. Interviews of 273 detainees who were held at Afghan-government facilities in recent years show that at least 125 were tortured by authorities during interrogations, the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan says.
"Torture is practiced systematically in a number of ... detention facilities throughout Afghanistan," UNAMA concludes. Detainees "described experiencing torture in the form of suspension (being hung by the wrists from chains or other devices attached to the wall, ceiling, iron bars or other fixtures for lengthy periods) and beatings, especially with rubber hoses, electric cables or wires or wooden sticks and most frequently on the soles of the feet."
In addition "electric shock, twisting and wrenching of detainees' genitals, stress positions including forced standing, removal of toenails and threatened sexual abuse were among other forms of torture that detainees reported."
The Washington Post adds that:
"George Little, a Pentagon spokesman, said the United States is reviewing the "serious allegations' in the U.N. report. The Afghan government challenged the findings, saying that some depictions were 'not close to reality,' but it also pledged to investigate the allegations of torture and abuse."
-- Opium. "Opium poppy-crop cultivation in Afghanistan reached 131,000 hectares in 2011, 7 per cent higher than in 2010, due to insecurity and high prices," says the Ministry of Counter Narcotics (MCN) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
One positive note: "While still the largest opium poppy grower accounting for about half of the country's cultivation, Helmand province saw a fall in farming thanks to a combination of strong political will exerted by the Governor and targeted international aid. This year cultivation decreased by 3 per cent. In contrast, cultivation in neighboring Kandahar went up 5 per cent."
Afghanistan remains the world's largest producer of opium.
opium production


Digambarpur Angikar has been admitted to the membership of Credibility Alliance for good governance of Voluntary Organizations.
The organization has also been provisionally empanelled for thematic areas – education, livelihood, environment with the National CSR Hub (Tata Institute of Social Sciences).
The Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA), Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India emplaned for good quality and well established Implementing agencies for CSR fund, IA Hub Code: A000133.
Our organization has also impaneled as Vocational Training Agency by Department of Self Help Group & Self Employment, Govt. of West Bengal.


text:
Ukulele Scales: How to Play C Major Scale Position #4 on Ukulele
By now you already have C major scale in position #1, position #2, and position #3 under your belt. It's important you get those positions under your belt before moving forward with the last two positions.
In this lesson, learn how to play C major scale in position #4 on the ukulele.
But first, why all these positions?
Why can't you just learn one position and call it a day?
For one, by learning the C major scale in all positions across the ukulele fretboard, you learn the natural notes of the fretboard (A, B, C, D, E, F, G). If you know where these important notes are, it's easier to learn other scales later, especially those with sharps and flats.
Secondly, by learning multiple positions of the C major scale, you make it easier to play certain single-note passages in pieces of music (like those in Fingerpicking Tricks) or solos and riffs (more on that later).
Thirdly, learning the notes of the fretboard can help you build chord variations across the fretboard to find a new sound.
Overall, by learning the C major scale in multiple positions across the fretboard you build an important foundation for understanding your instrument and for soloing later.
Let's look at this fourth position!
Watch the video to learn the C major scale in position #4 on ukulele and keep reading to discover the scale diagrams and notes in the position.
How to Play a C Major Scale in Position #4 on Ukulele
Let's do a quick review on the C major scale so far:
In the first position, you started and ended the scale on a C note – the root note of a C major scale.
In the second position, you started and ended the scale on a D note – the second scale degree of a C major scale.
In the third position, you started and ended the scale on an F note – the fourth scale degree of a C major scale.
In this fourth position, you start and end the scale on a G note – the fifth scale degree of a C major scale.
This means even though this scale position starts and ends on an G note, it's still a C major scale position because it contains all the notes of a C major scale (C, D, E, F, G, A, B).
C Major Scale Position #4 sheet music and ukulele tab
C major scale in position #4 spans the 7th to 10th frets.
For the fretting hand, this means you assign the index finger (represented by the number 1) to the 7th fret, middle finger to the 8th fret (represented by the number 2), ring finger to the 9th fret (represented by the number 3), and little finger to the 10th fret (represented by the number 4).
C Major Scale Position #4 ukulele fretboard diagram
Make a note where the root note of the scale is located – the C note on the 8th fret of the E-string.
You've Almost Learned All the Natural Notes on the Ukulele Fretboard
If you've been tracking along and have learned the C major scale in the first four positions, then, you've almost learned all the natural notes of the ukulele fretboard.
Make it your goal to memorize and learn each of these positions.
It's hard work to dedicate the discipline required to learn the C major scale. It takes mental effort and physical effort from your fingers to remember where to go. If you put in this work now, you open yourself up to possibilities in the future like:
Soloing on the ukulele
Figuring out the melodies of songs on the ukulele fretboard
Building chord variations across the fretboard
Coming up with riffs
There's one more position to learn which you can go to when you're ready here.
Join the FREE four-lesson course with 14 step-by-step videos that has helped thousands make music on ukulele.
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Perfect for beginners. Become proficient in strumming, rhythm and chord changes on the ukulele, improving your skills while learning actual songs.
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Written by Brett McQueen, founder of UkuleleTricks.com.
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Brett McQueen is the founder of Ukulele Tricks and author of the internationally-published book Ukulele Exercises For Dummies. He teaches thousands of people from around the world to play ukulele in a non-intimidating, easy-to-follow style. Read more.
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text:
package com.example.javier.recetario.adaptadores;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.example.javier.recetario.R;
import com.example.javier.recetario.entidades.Categoria;

import java.util.ArrayList;

/**
 * Created by Javier on 22/11/2015.
 */
public class AdaptadorCategorias extends ArrayAdapter<Categoria> {
    private Context context;
    private int recurso;
    private LayoutInflater inflater;
    private ArrayList<Categoria> categorias;

    static class ViewHolder{
        public TextView tvCategoria;
    }

    public AdaptadorCategorias(Context context, int resource, ArrayList<Categoria> objects) {
        super(context, resource, objects);
        this.context = context;
        this.recurso = resource;
        this.inflater = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        this.categorias = objects;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        ViewHolder v = new ViewHolder();
        Categoria c = categorias.get(position);
        if(convertView==null){
            convertView = inflater.inflate(recurso, null);
            v.tvCategoria = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.tvCategoria);
            convertView.setTag(v);
        }else {
            v = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
        }
        v.tvCategoria.setText(c.getNombre());
        return convertView;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


March 21 by Caroline 2 Comments This post may contain affiliate links.
Things Never to Buy Used – Not everything that is used is a better deal! Everything you need to know to protect your investments.
I'm a cheapskate through and through. I love to save money and pinch pennies as much as possible! But sometimes the savings aren't worth the risks.
Yes, there are risks to buying used!
It is so easy to get those money saving blinders turned on: where all you can see is the money that you saved. But when you do this, you are actually putting yourself in some more risk.
Things to never buy used!
There are exceptions to every rule! But for the most part, these are the items that are on the "no buy" list when it comes to buying used. The assumption for our purposes with these items is that you saw an ad in the paper or on Craigslist, or were driving down the road and saw someone with a "for sale" sign.
Do I really need to explain this one? If you're looking to pay less for these things, get them on sale. I'm an avid Victoria's Secret shopper, but the only time I'll shop there is during their Semi-Annual Sales in January and June. Totally worth it for a $12 bra that used to be $60.
Bathing suits are even worse! If you need a new suit, get them in September or the end of August when summer is "over" and they start bringing out the fall clothes. You can find great suits for sale on the Target clearance racks!
It also helps to stick with a color that can go with anything. Black, white, navy, brown… any color that can be easily matched with another color. Getting a pink floral top if you only have a purple striped set on bottoms doesn't help you much!
Did you know that once you've fallen with a helmet, you need to buy a new one? The same thing goes for knee pads and other safety gear. Safety gear is almost all one-time-use.
If you buy a helmet off of Craigslist (whether it's for a bicycle helmet or a motorcycle helmet), you run the risk of getting a compromised piece of gear. It's always safest to buy new when you're talking about safety for yourself and your family.
The same can be said for infant car seats! Plastics break down over time and instead of being flexible to protect your precious cargo, they get brittle. That's why car seats have an expiration date (I thought it was a marketing ploy at first too). Only use a used car seat if you know that it hasn't been in an accident or is expired.
The same logic that says that buying used safety gear is questionable is the same with used tires. Plastics and rubber break down over time and will eventually fail as they get older. You also have no way of knowing what kind of condition they were kept in by someone else.
If you see a great deal on tires from someone on the side of the road or on Craigslist, I'd pass it by if I were you. You also have no way of knowing what kind of condition they were kept in by someone else. They could have been left outside in the sun for years, making the damage that much worse. They could have dry rot. Or a slow leak that you might not notice for a while.
If you have a mechanic that you know and trust, he can get you a great deal on tires but only if he views you and your car the same way he would his own family. Our mechanic knows how cheap I am and will only offer me tires if he knows that it's worth it. He also views all of his customers (not just me) like he would his own kids. If he wouldn't let his kids drive a car, he wouldn't let me drive it either.
This one's a hard "NO" for buying from someone random. Don't buy used computers or software. They could very easily be broken beyond repair, have a virus, have spyware installed, or just not work (sometimes, software can only be downloaded once, but they will try to sell it again saying it's never been used).
If you are buying directly from a refurbished retailer or a friend, these are ok. I've only bought my Apply products from the Apple refurbished store. My iPads and Macbook Pro are all refurbished and working great!
Just don't go buying a laptop from Joe Shmo on Craigslist thinking it's a great deal.
Never, never, never buy a used humidifier. Germs, bacteria, viruses, and mold all thrive in humidifiers if they aren't well taken care of. And even if they are well-maintained, it's just dangerous to be bringing in mold from someone else's house.
Coming from someone who dealt with mold and knows how awful and dangerous it can be, just trust me. Spend the $30 and get a new humidifier.
Ever hear of moissanite or cubic zirconium? They both look just like the real deal, and you might think that you're getting a great deal with a 1-carat diamond for $600, but really you just paid $600 for a piece of glass.
This rule doesn't apply to heirloom jewelry! But don't go buying a ring without going with the seller to a jeweler to test the diamond.
There are many other things that some people won't buy used.
Each person has some things that they just don't feel comfortable buying used. And that's fine! Different people have different limits.
But these are the definite things to never buy used. There are, of course, exceptions to every rule. But just always use caution when you're buying anything used. Being an informed consumer is very important!
What won't you buy used?
Never buy a used mattress – you could end up with bed bugs.
Well any upholstered furniture for that matter. Backpacks and luggage could have bed bugs as well.