text:
Conroe Greenhouses
Agapanthus- African Blue Lily/Lily of the Nile -vigorous perennial that forms bold clumps of large, strap-shaped, deep green leaves and bears umbels of blue flowers above the foliage. It requires a fertile, moist, well-drained soil in a sunny position.
Ageratum -a mounding annual with mid-green leaves and panicles of 30-50 small, blue, pink, or white flower heads that form soft, rounded clusters from spring to autumn. Grow in fertile, moist, well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade.
Ajuga –spreading or clump forming annual or evergreen perennials with attractive foliage and usually blue flowers borne from spring to early summer. Grow in moist soil in shade to part shade. Tolerates poor soil well.
Sweet Alyssum – Lobularia -low, mound-forming or spreading, hairy annuals and perennials with narrow, linear-lance-shaped to oblong, light to mid-green leaves. In spring and autumn they produce cross-shaped, 4-petaled, often scented flowers in compact, sometimes corymb-like, terminal racemes. Flowers are borne in shades of purple, pink, or white. Grow in light, moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.
Angelonia -soft-stemmed perennial with lance-shaped leaves and racemes of 2-lipped, shallowly cup-shaped, orchid-like flowers in summer. Grow in moist, well-drained soil in full sun.
Angel's Trumpet – Brugmansia -syn. Datura -cultivated for its large, showy, usually scented, solitary, pendant, tubular or trumpet-shaped flowers with 5, usually reflexed, pointed lobes borne from late spring to autumn. Flowers can be white, yellow, pink, and rarely, purple. Single, double, or triple forms are found.
Ardisia – Ardisia japonica –compact evergreen perennial shrub with mid to dark green leaves and underground runners. Excellent as a thick groundcover in shady areas. Bears in summer small star-shaped light pink or white flowers followed by bright red berries. Grow in moist yet well-drained soil in shade.
Argyranthemum - Also known as Cobbity Daisy. Compact evergreen sub-shrub that bears daisy-like flowers late spring to early autumn. Grow in well-drained, moderately fertile soil in full sun.
Artillary Plant, aka Artillary Fern – Pilea microphylla –densely branching succulent with a fern-like appearance. Grow in moist soil in part shade to shade.
Aster-New England Aster, Michaelmas Daisy -clump-forming perennials that produce solitary or corymb-like sprays of flower heads in a wide variety of colors. Likes well-cultivated, fertile, moist soil in sun or partial shade.
Astilbe -clump forming rhizomatous perennials that are grown for their striking, plume-like panicles of tiny red, pink, purple, or white flowers that are borne mainly in summer. Needs moist, humus-rich soil or boggy sites in full sun. In drier soils, grow in partial shade and provide extra water in hot, dry spells.
Balloon Flower - Platycodon -compact, clump-forming perennial with ovate to ovate-lance-shaped, toothed, bluish-green leaves borne in whorls on the lower stem, alternately higher up. In late summer, clusters of large, balloon-like buds open to shallow, bell-shaped, 5-petaled, purple-blue flowers with darker blue veins. Grow in deep, light, fertile, loamy, reliably moist but well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade.
Barleria cristata -evergreen perennial grown for spikes of tubular flowers. Grow in fertile, moist, but well-drained soil in a sunny site. Philippine Violet has deep green leaves with light violet-blue, pink, or white flowers in summer.
Angelwing Begonia - Begonia coccinea -distinctive long ovate leaves. Produces elegant flowers on pendent cymes beginning in Spring. Grow in well drained peat- or soil-based potting mix in bright, indirect light.
Begonia- Cocktail series –rounded bronze leaves, single flowerers come in a wide range of colors, including bi-colors. Sun resistant. Plant in well drained soil in part-sun to full sun. Planting in full sun during the heat of the year may be too stressful for bedding plants not already acclimated to the light intensity.
Begonia- Fibrous –succulent stems with rounded green or bronze leaves, single to double flowers in a wide range of colors. Greenleaf varieties prefer well drained soil and bright, indirect light. Bronze leaf varieties are more tolerant of full sun (see Cocktail series above).
Begonia- Tuberous -heart-shaped glossy bright to dark green leaves. Showy double flowers in early summer. Wide variety of colors. Plant in well drained, humus-rich soil in bright indirect light.
Bergenia -clump-forming evergreen perennial with broad, leathery, glossy leaves and funnel or bell-shaped flowers that bloom mainly in spring. Grow in humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade. Dislikes extreme heat or drought.
Blanket Flower – Gaillardia -annual, biennial, or perennial that bears red, orange, or yellow daisy-like flower heads with dark purple, brown, red, or yellow disk florets. Bushy plants with a long flowering period. Grow in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.
Texas Bluebells – Eustoma syn. Lisianthus -single-stemmed or branching annual with slightly fleshy gray-green leaves. In summer, broadly bell-shaped, satin-textured, dark-centered, pale purple, pink, blue, or white flowers are produced either singly or in clusters. Grow in well-drained soil in full sun.
Texas Bluebonnet - Lupinus texinsis -erect to spreading, bushy annual with softly hairy stems and 5-palmate, mid green leaves, each with lance-shaped, pointed leaflets. In summer, pea-like deep blue to blue-purple flowers are borne in compact, crowded racemes. Grow in light, moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade.
Blue Daze – Evolvulus -prostrate to upright annuals and perennials grown for their bell- to funnel-shaped blue flowers. Produces flowers from spring to autumn. Grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.
Brazilian Plume Flower - Justicia carnea-syn. Jacobinia carnea -erect, sparsely branched, evergreen shrub with robust, 4-angled or 4-ridged stems and oblong to ovate, mid-green leaves. Dense, terminal axillary spikes of overlapping green bracts, largely obscured by tubular, 2-lipped, pink to rose or purple-pink flowers are produced during summer and autumn. Grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in partial shade.
Brazilian Snow Bush, Joseph's Coat – Alternanthera -this perennial species has many cultivars that form mounding to erect specimens with mid-green leaves that are marked with variegations of white, red, orange, purple, and yellow, with the color variations depending on the cultivar. It appreciates moist, well-drained soil and needs full sun to achieve the best coloration.
Browallia -upright, bushy annuals and sub shrubby perennials with slender, ovate, pointed leaves. Bears violet, purple, blue, or white flowers in summer. Grow in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.
Butterfly Weed - Asclepias tuberosa -tuberous perennial, with light to mid-green leaves, that bears umbel-like cymes of orange, red-orange, or yellow flowers from midsummer to early autumn, followed by fruits that split open to expose the seeds. Plant in a sunny position in fertile, well-drained, loamy soil.
Caladium -tuberous-rooted perennials grown for their ornamental leaves that are variegated white, pink, or red. Grow in moist but well-drained humus-rich soil in partial shade. Strap-leaf varieties can tolerate full sun.
Calendula -bushy, fast-growing annuals that bear yellow or orange daisy-like flower heads profusely from autumn into midwinter or through spring. Grow in well-drained, moderately fertile soil in sun or partial shade. Deadhead to prolong flowering.
Calibrachoa –compact, mounding tender perennial that blooms profusely small petunia-like trumpet flowers. They grow 3 to 9 inches. Use as pot plants, hanging baskets or small area ground cover. High light to full sun is the secret to the great color these provide. Grow in organically rich, moist, well-drained soil. Patented varieties are sold under the name "Million Bells".
Calico Plant – Sanchezia -moderately bushy shrub with sparsely branched, sturdy, sometimes obscurely angled, smooth, bright green stems and ovate-elliptic to oblong-lance-shaped leaves with yellow, ivory, or white-banded midribs and main veins. In summer, it bears terminal spikes of yellow flowers. Grow in moderately fertile, humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil in full sun with some midday shade or in light, dappled shade.
Calla Lily – Zantedeschia -rhizomatous perennial with semi-erect, arrow-shaped glossy leaves. From late spring to midsummer it produces a succession of spathes in a variety of colors. Foliage may be spotted white. Grow in humus-rich, moist soil in full sun.
Campanula -long-flowering perennial that usually bears its flowers in panicles, racemes, or clustered heads, but are sometimes solitary. Shapes vary from tubular to bell- or star-shaped, and may also be cup- or saucer-shaped. Violet, pale blue, white, mauve-blue, lavender-blue, and pink shades are found. Prefers well-drained, fertile soil, in a full sun to partial shade location.
Carnation -perennials grown primarily for flowers that are produced in profusion over a long period in spring and summer, and often having a fragrance reminiscent of cloves. Used as an annual in hot and humid climates. Most prefer full sun and well-drained soil…protect from hot afternoon sun.
Celosia – Amaranthaceae –annuals that bear plume-like or crested inflorescences suitable for cut flower arrangements. Plant in moist, well-drained fertile soil in full sun.
Chenille Plant - Acalypha hispida -semi-trailing shrub that bears thick, fluffy, deep crimson or bright red catkins periodically during the year. It needs a fertile, humus-rich soil that is kept moist but well-drained. It will do well in sun or partial shade.
Chicken Gizzard - Iresine herbstii -erect, bushy annual or short-lived perennial with broadly ovate to rounded, waxy, variegated, mid-green, yellow, very deep red or orange leaves, often with vividly contrasting veins. Grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun for best leaf color.
Chrysanthemum – upright, bushy annual or herbaceous perennial. The aromatic dark green leaves, ovate to lance-shaped, are shallowly to deeply lobed or pinnatisect. Wide variety of flower head forms, sizes and colors. Select mums to suit an early, mid or late season blooming period. Grow in well drained, neutral to slightly acidic, enriched soil in full sun. It is important to view specific details for each variety when growing chrysanthemums for exhibition.
Cleome Spider Flower – Cleome -robust annuals valued for their terminal racemes of spider-like, 4-petaled flowers, with prominent stamens, which are borne above 3- to 7-palmate leaves. Grow in light, fertile, preferably sandy, free-draining soil in full sun. Water freely in dry weather. Flowers from pink, to purple, to white bloom in summer.
Coleus – Solenostemon –annuals or short lived perennials grown for their very decorative foliage. Flowers are borne in long racemes of blue or white. The flowers should be removed to encourage foliage color and compactness. Foliage varies widely in color and form. Grow in moist, well-drained humus-rich soil, in part shade to bright, indirect light. "Sun coleus" can tolerate full sun, but have a heavy water demand if so planted.
Columbine – Aquilegia -perennial that bears distinctively bell-shaped flowers with colorful petals and spurred petals. Grow in fertile, preferably moist, but well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade.
Copperleaf, Copper Plant - Acalypha wikesiana -a spreading ornamental shrub with oval, multi-colored, mottled, and often variegated leaves. It requires the same growing conditions as the Chenille Plant.
Coral Bells – Heuchera -mound-forming perennial with rosettes of broadly ovate to heart-shaped, 5- to 9-lobed, leathery leaves. Bears panicles of tubular flowers with conspicuous, colorful calyces in late spring to early summer. Grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in sun or partial shade.
Coreopsis -annuals and perennials with daisy-like yellow flower heads borne on long stalks from late spring and often into autumn. Grow in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade.
Cosmos –freely branching annual or perennial bearing colorful flowerheads in a wide range of colors on long stems in late spring or in summer. Deadhead the flowers to promote more blooms. Plant in moist, moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.
Croton -perennial that produces attractive, often variegated, deeply lobed, leathery leaves. Grow in fertile, humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil in sun to partial shade.
Cyclamen -tuberous perennial with rounded to heart-shaped, sometimes toothed or lobed leaves with silver zones or light and dark patterns. Nodding, sometimes fragrant flowers with 5 reflexed, twisted petals are borne at almost any time of the year, depending on the species. Colors range from white to pink and carmine-red, often with darker mouths. Grow in moderately fertile, humus-rich, well-drained soil in partial shade, ideally under trees or shrubs.
Dahlberg Daisy – Thymophylla -branching annual, rarely a short-lived perennial, with almost fern-like, pinnatisect, pungent leaves with long, linear lobes. From spring to summer, produces upturned star-shaped, bright yellow flower heads. Grow in well-drained, moderately fertile soil in full sun.
Dahlia -bushy, usually tuberous-rooted perennials grown for their blooms in a variety of forms and colors. Flowers from midsummer to frost. Grow in humus-rich, well-drained soil in full sun.
Daylily – Hemerocallis –clump forming evergreen, semi-evergreen or herbaceous perennial. There are over 30,000 different cultivars of daylily! Blooms vary in size and shape, as well as a wide range of color. Grow in moist, well-drained, fertile soil in full sun. A few varieties may require some afternoon shade, but this is rare.
Delphinium -annuals, biennials, and perennials grown for their spikes of shallowly cupped, sometimes hooded, spurred, single to fully double flowers. Grow in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun with shelter from strong winds. Produces flowers from late spring to midsummer.
Desert Rose - Adenium obesum -a perennial succulent that bears glossy leaves on thornless branches with red, pink, or white flowers borne in small, terminal corymbs throughout the summer. It requires well-drained, humus-rich soil in full sun with some midday shade.
Dianthus –hardy bushy annuals, biennials or perennials grown for their numerous flowers of single or double, solid or bi-color blooms. Plant in well-drained soil, in full sun. (See Carnation above.)
Diascia -annuals with mid-green leaves that produce racemes of tubular, 5-lobed, spurred flowers. Grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun. May fail to bloom in especially hot summers.
Dusty Miller - Senecio cineraria -mound-forming, evergreen sub shrub or shrub, usually grown as an annual, with ovate to lance-shaped or elliptic, shallowly to deeply pinnatisect or pinnate, felted, silvery gray leaves. Loose corymbs of mustard-yellow flower heads are produced in midsummer in the second year if the plants are over wintered. Grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.
English Daisy - Bellis -spoon-shaped, bright green leaves with flower heads of white, pink, or deep reddish pink with white ray florets often tinged maroon or pink, being produced from late winter to late summer.
Purple False Eranthemum - Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum -erect, open shrub with ovate to broadly elliptic leaves. Foliage is deep purple, sometimes metallic green, spotted yellow, pinkish purple, pink, green, or white. Dense, terminal spikes of tubular white flowers spotted rose-red or purple at the bases are borne during summer. Grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun with some midday shade or in partial shade.
Fern –no, those little bumps on the underside of the fern leaf, that is frond, are not bugs nor bug eggs! Those are sporangia, and sometimes those are enclosed in what are called indusia. The sporangia are what contain the spores by which ferns reproduce. Ferns, in general, require moist, sheltered locations to thrive. Some can tolerate to one extreme or another and some must have very specific conditions, so it is best to review each one in particular to be sure where they can be placed. Principally, moist soil and bright, indirect light are the requirements for ferns. Some need to be regularly misted with water to simulate humid conditions. Ferns make great specimen plants and background foliage. Some are very irregular and make great "conversation pieces".
Ferns we commonly grow:
Australian Tree, Autumn, Crested Lady, Foxtail, Lace, Leather Leaf, Maidenhair 'Fritz Luethii', Maidenhair 'Pacific Maid'
Holly, Japanese Painted, Korean Rock, Sprengeri (Asparagus), Sword, Wood.
Creeping Fig – Ficus pumila syn. F. repens –perennial evergreen root-clinging climber with ovate dark green leaves. Grow in shade to part shade. Will not grow well on hot side of west or south walls. May freeze back, but will come back from the root. Very aggressive. Care should be taken to not allow it to grow upon a tile or shingled roof, or easily damaged surfaces.
Flowering Maple - Abutilon -an erect to spreading evergreen to deciduous shrub grown for its showy, pendant, bell- or bowl-shaped flowers that bloom from summer to autumn. It likes moderately fertile, well-drained soil in a sunny position.
Forget-Me-Not – Myosotis -tufted, hairy biennial or short-lived perennial usually grown as a biennial with ovate to elliptic or lance-shaped, gray-green leaves. Bears saucer-shaped, yellow-eyed, blue or occasionally white flowers in numerous dense cymes from spring to early summer. Grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun with midday shade or in partial shade.
Foxglove - Digitalis -biennials and short-lived perennials that produce tall sometimes branched racemes of inflated, tubular bell-shaped flowers. Flowers in a wide range of colors, and are often spotted inside. Grow in almost any humus-rich soil, except very wet or very dry conditions, in partial shade.
Fuchsia -deciduous to evergreen shrubs and perennials grown for their attractive and distinctive flowers that are borne from late spring to autumn. Grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full morning sun and afternoon shade.
Gazania -low-growing annuals and perennials with large, daisy-like, very brightly colored, dark-centered flower heads, which close in cloudy or cool weather. Flowers are produced over a long period. Grow in light, sandy, well-drained soil in full sun.
Geranium – Pelargonium -grow in fertile, neutral to alkaline, well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade. Provide afternoon shade in hot summers.
Ivy-leafed geraniums are trailing evergreen perennials with lobed, sometimes pointed, stiff, fleshy, mid-green leaves. Single to double flowers are produced in shades of white, red, pink, mauve, or purple.
Scented-leafed geraniums are shrubby, evergreen perennials and shrubs grown mainly for their attractive, scented leaves. Leaves are mainly mid-green, sometimes variegated, and are variable in shape and size. Bears clusters of small, single flowers in shades of mauve, pink, purple or white.
Zonal geraniums are erect, bushy, succulent-stemmed, evergreen perennials, some with short-jointed stems, and leaves that are rounded, light to deep green, often bicolored or multi-colored, with zones of dark bronze-green or maroon. Flowers are single, semi-double, or double in shades of scarlet, purple, pink, white, orange, or rarely, yellow.
Gerbera Daisy -clump-forming, deep-rooting perennial that produces solitary, daisy-like flower heads from late spring to late summer in a wide range of colors. Grow in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.
Gloriosa Daisy, Black-eyed Susan – Rudbeckia -erect, thick-stemmed, branching, bristly biennial or short-lived perennial often grown as an annual. Has mid-green leaves and daisy-like flower heads with pale to golden yellow, lemon-yellow, dark red, bronze or bicolor ray florets and prominent, conical centers of deep, brown-purple disk florets. Bloom time is from summer to early autumn. Grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil that does not dry out, in full sun or partial shade.
Goldfish Plant – Nematanthus –tubular flowers are borne singly or in clusters on leaf axils and resemble the head of a goldfish. The plants are evergreen but tropical. Grow as a houseplant or outdoor pot plant in bright, indirect light. Avoid any full sun when weather is hot. Plant in well-drained, humus rich soil in part shade. Water moderately and feed actively growing plants monthly.
Gomphrena-"Buddy" -upright, bushy annual with ovate to oblong leaves and ovoid-oblong flower heads of vivid, deep purple bracts that bloom from late spring to autumn. Grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.
Mexican Heather – Cuphea -sub shrubby perennials with mid to dark green leaves and small violet or white flowers produced from spring to fall. Grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade.
Helichrysum -mound forming, evergreen to herbaceous perennials often grown as annuals with silvery gray leaves and hemispherical to ovoid flower heads. Blooms in late summer to autumn. Grow in well-drained, moderately fertile soil in full sun.
Heliotrope - Heliotropium -bushy, short-lived shrub, often grown as an annual with broadly oval to lance-shaped mid to dark green leaves. Deep violet-blue or lavender-blue flowers are borne in dense clusters from spring to fall. Grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun.
Hens and Chicks – Echeveria -evergreen, succulent plant with fleshy, alternate leaves that form rosettes. Grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.
Hollyhock – Alcea -biennial and short-lived perennial that bears tall, slender spires of funnel-shaped, brightly colored flowers in summer. Place in full sun in a moderately fertile, well-drained soil.
Cape Honeysuckle - Tecoma capensis -erect, scrambling, evergreen shrub with slender stems and pinnate, lustrous, mid- to dark green leaves. Racemes of slender, tubular, orange to scarlet flowers are produced mainly in summer. Grow in moist but well-drained, fertile soil in full sun.
Hosta -clump-forming perennials grown primarily for their bold foliage produced in dense mounds of overlapping, ovate to heart-shaped or lance-shaped leaves. May be green, yellow, gray-blue or variegated. Racemes of flowers are borne mainly in summer. Grow in fertile, moist, but well-drained soil. Shade tolerant but grows best with filtered light. Will tolerate drought but a moisture-retentive summer mulch is beneficial.
Iberis -evergreen sub shrub with spoon-shaped, dark green leaves. Produces fragrant, white, corymb-like flowers from late winter to late summer depending on variety. Grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun.
New Guinea Impatien -sub-shrubby hybrid perennial bearing abundant flowers from summer to autumn. Usually grown as annuals. Grow in humus-rich, moist, well-drained soil in partial shade. Indoors, place in high light location.
Algerian Ivy, English Ivy, Fancy Ivy - Hedera helix -vigorous, variable, self-clinging climbers or trailing perennials with 3-5 lobed, broadly ovate to triangular, glossy leaves. There are many variants and cultivars. Colors range from silvery to dark green. Many varieties are variegated. Tolerates a wide range of conditions but grows best in fertile, humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil. Green leafed Varieties are shade-tolerant while variegated cultivars prefer more light. Protect from strong summer sun.
Jacob's Ladder - Polemonium -deciduous, clump-forming or occasionally rhizomatous perennials and annuals grown for their spring and summer flowers which are bell-shaped, saucer-shaped, narrowly tubular, or funnel-shaped and spreading at the mouths. Flowers are usually white or blue, sometimes purple, pink, or yellow, and either solitary or in terminal or axillary cymes. Grow in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade.
Asian Jasmine - Trachelospermum asiaticum –evergreen perennial climber, with glossy green leaves, more often used as an easy-to-care-for groundcover. Creamy white fragrant flowers are produced from mid to late summer. Grow in full to part sun. Will do well in most any soil conditions. Does best in moist, fertile soil.
Joseph's Coat – Alternanthera ficoidia –mat-forming to erect perennial with pointed leaves, often variegated and colorful. Foliage color can range through green, red, purple, orange and yellow. Grown as a foliage plant with character, Joseph's coat will bear insignificant white flowers. Usually treated as an annual, it is great for hanging baskets or as a border plant or groundcover. Plant in moist, yet well-drained soil in full sun to part shade.
Kalanchoe -annual, biennial, or perennial succulent with fleshy leaves and stems and showy, bell-shaped, urn-shaped, or tubular, 4-lobed flowers, often swollen at the middle or at the base. Flowers are borne in terminal, occasionally lateral, cyme-like or corymb-like panicles. Grow in well-drained, humus-rich, moderately fertile soil in partial shade.
Dwarf Katie Ruellia - Ruellia x brittoniana 'Katie' –clump forming herbaceous perennial with showy flowers in pink, white or blue. Reaches 10 to 12 inches high and spreads to 24 inches. Used for border plant and as groundcover. Plant in well-drained soil in full sun to part shade. Some burning of the leaves can be expected until acclimated to full sun.
Lamb's Ear – Stachys -mat-forming, densely wooly perennials with rosettes of entire, oblong-elliptic to lance-shaped, thick, wrinkled, veined, gray green leaves. Erect stems bear interrupted spikes of wooly, pink-purple flowers from early summer to early autumn. Grow in well-drained, moderately fertile soil in full sun.
Lantana -evergreen shrubs and perennials grown for their small, 5-lobed, salverform flowers, grouped tightly into rounded, flattened, or domed, terminal heads. Grow in fertile, moist, but well-drained soil in full sun.
Linaria -annuals, biennials, and herbaceous perennials that are grown for their irregular, 2-lipped, spurred flowers resembling snapdragons. Flowers are borne in terminal racemes of varying colors from spring to autumn. Grow in moderately fertile, light, well-drained, preferably sandy soil in full sun.
Liriope – Lily turf –evergreen to semi-evergreen perennials with green or variegated grass-like foliage used for borders, groundcover or backdrop. Large leaf and variegated liriope are suitable as specimen plants. Bears blooms on tall spikes followed by glossy black berries. Colors of bloom vary on variety. Grow in moderately fertile, light, well-drained soil in sun to shade. Acidic soils preferred. Tolerates drought well.
Lobelia cardinalis -short-lived, clump-forming perennial with reddish-purple stems and narrowly ovate to oblong-lance-shaped, toothed, often glossy, bronze-tinged bright green leaves. In early summer and autumn, bears racemes of tubular, brilliant scarlet-red flowers with reddish-purple bracts. Grow in deep, fertile, reliably moist soil in full sun or partial shade.
Lobelia, Common Bedding- Lobelia erinus -low-growing, bushy or trailing perennial, grown as an annual, that bears small, loose racemes of tubular, 2-lipped blue, violet, pink, white, red, or purple flowers with white or yellow eyes and fan-shaped lower lips. Grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade.
Lollipop Plant, Yellow Shrimp - Pachystachys lutea -erect shrub with moderately to sparsely branched stems and ovate-elliptic, strongly veined, mid- to dark green leaves. In spring and summer, the plant produces tubular, strongly 2-lipped white flowers borne in terminal spikes with 4-ranked, bright golden yellow bracts. Grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun.
Lysimachia -rampant, mat forming perennial with ovate to rounded leaves. Produces upturned cup-shaped, usually solitary flowers from spring to autumn. Grow in humus-rich, preferably moist but well-drained soil that does not dry out in summer, in full sun to partial shade.
Marigold – Tagetes –aromatic annuals or herbaceous perennials with fern-like leaves. Daisy or carnation-like flowerheads are borne singly or in clusters from spring to autumn. The African marigolds form large flowerheads and reach up to 18 inches in height, while the French marigolds are dwarf and form smaller flowerheads and grow to about 12 inches. Plant in well-drained, moderately fertile soil in full sun.
Melampodium - Leucanthemum paludosum -bushy annual with solitary flowers that have yellow or yellowish white ray florets and deeper yellow disc florets. Grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade.
Mexican Sunflower – Tithonia -robust, branching annual with long, triangular-ovate, entire or occasionally 3-lobed, toothed leaves, hairy beneath. Bright orange to orange-red flower heads, similar to those of single-flowered dahlias, are borne from late summer to autumn. Grow in well-drained, moderately fertile soil in full sun, with shelter from strong winds.
Mondo Grass, Monkey Grass – Ophiopogon japonicus –stem-less evergreen grass used for borders and groundcover. Dark green leaves grow 8 to 10 inches. Dwarf grows more compact with leaves 4 to 5 inches. Grow in moist, humus-rich well-drained soil in filtered sun. Slightly acidic soil preferred.
Money Plant – Lunaria -annual or biennial with ovate to heart-shaped, coarsely toothed, light to mid green leaves. In late spring, cross-shaped, white to light purple flowers are borne in broad, leafy racemes. Flat seedpods are rounded and brown; the outer walls must fall off or be removed to reveal the silvery inner walls. Grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade.
Nemesia -bushy, erect annual or perennial with branching or spreading stems, entire or toothed leaves, produces terminal racemes of 2-lipped pink, pale blue, lavender-blue, purple or white flowers. Some varieties are bicolored. Grow in moist but well-drained, moderately fertile soil in full sun. Water freely in dry weather to maintain flower production.
Nierembergia -upright, branching, downy-stemmed perennial, usually grown as an annual, with narrowly spoon-shaped, pointed leaves. Cup-shaped flowers are produced over long periods in summer. Grow in a sheltered site in moist but well-drained soil in full sun.
Osteospermum -evergreen sub shrubs, perennials and annuals with alternate, linear to broadly ovate leaves with toothed margins. Grown for their daisy-like flowers in a wide variety of colors, the disk florets are usually a contrasting color and the reverse of the ray florets is usually a darker shade. Grow in light, moderately fertile, well-drained soil in a warm, sheltered site in full sun.
Oxalis -mat-forming, rhizomatous perennial that has clover-like leaves with 3 inversely heart-shaped, sparsely hairy leaflets. Bears solitary, cup-shaped flowers in spring. Grow in well-drained, moderately fertile soil in full sun to partial shade.
Pansy – Viola x wittrockiana –one of the most favored annuals for the fall and winter season. Bushy, spreading evergreen with ovate shallow lobed green leaves. Flowering in the cool seasons in a wide array of spectacular colors, often bi-color or even multi color. Flowers can range from 2½ to 4 inches across. Grow in fertile, humus rich, well-drained soil in full sun.
Pentas -erect or prostrate, woody-based evergreen perennials or sub shrubs with obovate to elliptic or lance-shaped, hairy leaves. From spring to autumn, bears flat or domed corymbs of long-tubed, pink, magenta, blue, red, lilac, or white flowers. Grow in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.
Persian Shield – Strobilanthes -soft-stemmed shrub with unequal pairs of elliptic, toothed, dark green leaves, flushed purple with an iridescent silver overlay above, dark purple beneath. Short spikes of funnel-shaped, pale-blue flowers are produced in autumn. Grow in light, fertile, free-draining soil in full sun or partial shade.
Petunia –spreading to erect annual or perennial with 5-lobed saucer or trumpet shaped, single, fluted or double flowers. Grow in light, well-drained soil in full sun.
Phlox –evergreen or herbaceous spreading perennial. Salverform flowers form in single or double, often star-like, clusters. Annual varieties are planted in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun. Perennial varieties have varying needs and should be reviewed individually.
Plumbago -scandent, evergreen shrub with slender, whippy, moderately branching stems and oblong to oblong-spoon-shaped, mid- to bright matte green leaves. Bears long-tubed, light sky-blue or white flowers in dense, terminal, corymb-like racemes from summer to late autumn. Grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun.
Polka Dot Plant – Hypoestes -evergreen perennial sub shrub with ovate, dark green leaves spotted with pink, red, or white. Bears terminal, spike-like racemes of tiny, magenta to lilac flowers from late summer to winter. Grow in moist but well-drained, moderately fertile, humus-rich soil in partial shade, sheltered from cold winds.
Portulaca (Purslane) –erect to trailing annuals, and some perennials, with small fleshy leaves. Cup-shaped, rose-like flowers are borne in late spring and in summer. Colors can be one, bi-color or multi color. Grow in poor, sandy, well-drained soil in full sun.
Primrose - Primula -rosette-forming semi-evergreen to evergreen perennials usually grown as annuals.
Acaulis vulgaris has inversely lance-shaped to obovate, toothed to scalloped, deeply veined, bright green leaves. Clusters of 3-25 salverform flowers, often fragrant, are borne early in the season. Grow in deep, humus-rich, moist, neutral to acidic loamy or peaty soil in partial shade or will tolerate full sun if soil remains moist at all times.
Malacoides have dainty, oval, slightly frilly margined, softly downy, pale green leaves. Early in the season, they bear flat, single or double flowers in whorls of decreasing size up slender, softly hairy stems. Grow in moist, well-drained, peaty soil in filtered sun.
Obconica has fairly coarse, oval to heart-shaped, toothed, mid-green leaves. Very early in the season, it produces salverform flowers, sometimes with slightly frilled petal margins, in whorls of decreasing size up thick, hairy stems.
Ranunculus -tuberous, fibrous-rooted perennial with long-stalked, broadly ovate to rounded, deeply 3-lobed, hairy, pale to dark green basal leaves, the lobes further subdivided and toothed. Branching, flowering stems bear 1-4 cup-shaped, red, pink, yellow, white, or orange flowers with purple-black centers in late spring and early summer. Grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun.
Red Bird Plant, Zig Zag Plant - Pedilanthes tithymaloides -upright, bushy, clump-forming, succulent shrub with thins, fleshy to woody, zigzagged stems. Evergreen to deciduous, ovate to elliptic, mid-green leaves are keeled and slightly hairy or powdery beneath. In summer it produces fleshy red bract-cups, yellow at the bases. 'Variegatus' has variably shaped leaves with white or pink variegation. Grow in moderately fertile, sharply drained soil in full sun or partial shade.
Red Hot Poker – Kniphofia -clump-forming, deciduous, rhizomatous perennial with arching, strap-shaped leaves and erect, usually dense, spike-like racemes of numerous pendent, occasionally erect, tubular or cylindrical flowers borne well above the foliage from late spring to autumn. Grow in deep, fertile, humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade.
Miniature Rose –shrub roses with prickly stems, mini roses bear sprays of tiny single to fully double flowers in flushes from late spring to fall. Grow in well-drained soil in full sun.
Rock Rose – Helianthemum -evergreen or semi-evergreen shrub with oblong to linear, silver to gray-green or light to mid-green, leaves. Grown for raceme-like cymes of saucer-shaped, 5-petaled, brightly-colored flowers, which are borne over a long period from late spring to midsummer.
Salvia –There are a wide variety of salvia as annuals, biennials, herbaceous and evergreen perennials. They have uses from additions to stuffings and other foods (sage), as medicinal plants, potpourris, and landscape ornamentals. Grow in moist, moderately fertile and well-drained soil in full sun. Tubular flowers are borne on erect stems in a variety of colors. Foliage can be various shades of green or variegated.
Scaevola -variable, tufted, evergreen perennial, often grown as an annual, with spoon-shaped, toothed, basal leaves, and smaller stem leaves, borne on erect or sometimes procumbent stems, with yellow or brown hairs. Leafy racemes of purple-blue or blue flowers are borne during summer. Grow in moderately fertile, humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil in full sun or light dappled shade.
Dragon's Blood Sedum- Sedum spurium -Branching red stems bearing opposite, obovate, toothed, mid-green leaves, purple tinted when mature. Pink, star-shaped flowers are produced in rounded corymbs in late summer.
Gold moss Stonecrop Sedum- Sedum acre -vigorous, mat-forming, evergreen perennial with erect or trailing stems, densely clothed in overlapping, triangular, mid-green leaves. Flat-topped cymes of tiny, star-shaped, yellow-green flowers are produced in abundance in summer. Grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.
Shasta Daisy - Leucanthemum superbum -robust, clump-forming perennial that bears solitary, single or double white flower heads with yellow disc florets from early summer to early autumn. Grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade.
Shrimp Plant - Justicia brandegeeana -moderately bushy, soft, evergreen shrub with elongated, hop-like, arching to pendent, terminal and axillary spikes with overlapping shrimp-pink bracts and slender, tongue-like white flowers. Grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in partial shade.
Snapdragon - Antirrhinum majus -a short-lived perennial with both dwarf and tall cultivars grown as popular annual bedding plants and in cut flower gardens. Bears broadly tubular, 2-lipped flowers with a hairy palate on the lower lip that children (small and large!) love to play with. Grow in fertile, sharply drained soil in full sun.
Snow in Summer – Cerastium -mat-forming or tufted perennial, generally hairy, with star-shaped, white flowers. Leaves are lance-shaped, white or silver, and wooly. Profuse blooms in late spring and summer. Grow in well-drained soil in full sun.
Sunflower – Helianthus -annuals grown for their showy, daisy-like flower heads, with sterile ray florets, that are borne singly or in loose corymbs and have yellow, occasionally red, or very rarely violet, ray florets, and yellow, brown, or purple disk florets. Grow in moderately fertile, humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil in full sun.
Spider Plant-Airplane Plant - Chlorophytum comosum -evergreen perennial with lance-shaped leaves. In summer it produces arching racemes or panicles of small white flowers, usually followed by plantlets. Grow in sun to partial shade.
Sweet Potato Vine – Ipomea Batatas – climbing tuberous perennials that bear trumpet flowers in summer. Varieties include light colors to almost black foliage in an array of shapes and sizes. Grow in well-drained, moderately fertile soil in full sun.
Flowering Tobacco - Nicotiana -short-lived perennial grown as an annual with spoon-shaped to ovate leaves, becoming smaller up the stems. Tubular flowers with funnel-shaped mouths are produced in open racemes and are strongly fragrant at night. Blooms over a long period from spring to summer and sometimes into autumn. Cultivars may be red, rose, pink, white, salmon, bright yellow, lime-green, and other colors. Grow in fertile, moist, but well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade.
Verbena -erect to spreading perennial with toothed leaves. In summer it bears corymbs of salverform flowers in a wide variety of colors. Grow in moist but well-drained, moderately fertile soil in full sun.
Vinca (Periwinkle) - Catharanthus –woody-based evergreen perennial usually grown as annual, with mid to dark green foliage. Five-petaled flowers slightly overlap. They can come in a wide range of colors. 'Pacifica' and 'Heatwave' series are more upright while the 'Mediterranean' series has a more spreading habit. Grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun to part shade.
Viola – Viola tricolor (Johnny Jump-up, etc.) –a favorite fall, winter and early spring annual with spreading stems of ovate to heart-shaped toothed leaves. Flowers usually in three colors of five petals: two to the rear, two in the middle and one to the front. Often self seeds. Grow in fertile, humus rich, well-drained soil in full sun.
Sweet Violet – Viola odorata – 'Royal Robe' –bears very fragrant violet flowers in spring and fall. Semi evergreen perennial with heart-shaped green leaves on erect stems. Grow in moist, well-drained soil in shade to part shade.
Wedelia -creeping, evergreen perennial, rooting at the leaf nodes and spreading widely. Elliptic or obovate, mid- to dark green leaves are usually 3-lobed. Solitary daisy-like yellow flower heads are borne from late spring to autumn. Grow in any well-drained soil. Tolerant of a wide variety of conditions.
Wishbone Flower - Torenia -erect, smooth annual with long-stalked, pointed, ovate to narrowly ovate, toothed, pale green leaves. In summer, produces abundant white, pink, deep purple or lavender-blue flowers with the lower lip pronounced and the throats marked deep yellow. Grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in partial shade.
Yarrow – Achillea -deciduous perennial with aromatic leaves that produces flower heads in compound corymbs. It does best in an open site in full sun with a moist, well-drained soil.
Zinnia –erect to spreading annual with a variety of colors and flowerhead shapes and sizes. Grow in fertile, well-drained, humus rich soil in full sun.
I still have lots of plants to add to these variety lists, so check back later. I hope these lists give you an idea of the extensive variety of plants we grow through the course of the year. We're never afraid of trying the new and different, and if its successful we'll add it to the mix! Thank you!


A client asked us to represent her in an appeal of a judgment for past rent from her prior landlord. The client had represented herself in General Sessions and as unable to work out an agreement with the Plaintiff. After two weeks, Michael successfully got the case dismissed and prevented the judgment from affecting her credit.
A client came to Joseph W. Fuson and Carolanne R. King in a panic after her child's father filed a Petition to completely flip their parenting schedule. Joey and Carolanne successfully tried her case before the Sumner County Juvenile Court where she walked away as the Primary Residential Parent with the ability to choose her child's school. The Court found, based on the arguments of Carolanne and Joey, that the father had not carried his burden of proving that he should be the primary residential parent.
Father not able to show a Material Change in Circumstances: Modification Denied.
Mother came to Joseph W. Fuson and Carolanne R. King after the father of her child filed a Petition requesting that her parenting time be reduced. After a very emotionally challenging trial in the Marshall County Chancery Court, which included testimony of their child, Joey and Carolanne were successful in maintaining mother's parenting time.
Carolanne R. King was able to negotiate a temporary agreement with the opposing party, which granted her client the status of primary residential parent with the majority of the parenting time. This is important in this case because walking into Court that day, Father was only receiving parenting time at mother's discretion.
Client released without ever posting a bond.
Case dismissed after getting case ready for trial.
Client was charged with speeding 92 mph in a 70 mph zone on Interstate 65 case dismissed at trial.
Charges on college student were dismissed thereby saving his future employment and career.
A victory for the defense. Not too often do judges find in favor of the defendant driver in an implied consent trial. After about an hour long hearing before a Middle Tennessee judge, we were able to convince him to dismiss the implied consent violation allowing our client to keep his drivers license. Although we are still going to have to defend the Driving Under the Influence charge, after proving the officer was poorly trained and failed to know how to do his job properly, this case is primed for dismissal.
In Tennessee, if an officer believes you have been drinking or taking drugs, they can request a blood or breath test. However, they must prove they properly advised you of your rights and that you refused. If they cannot prove these essential elements, they cannot convict a defendant driver of violating the implied consent law. If you think this has happened to you, contact a lawyer and fight, fight, fight!
When a holder of a commercial driver's license gets a speeding ticket or some type of moving violation, his license and even his job is in jeopardy. Our Firm routinely helps holders of a commercial driver's license (CDL) when it matters most. For example, a gentleman from Memphis contacted our Firm a few weeks ago because he was accused of traveling 72 miles an hour in a 55 mile an hour zone. He did not believe he was traveling that fast, and he wanted Freeman & Fuson to help him in disputing the Tennessee Highway Patrol Officer's conclusions.
It is difficult in Tennessee for a holder of a CDL to obtain a dismissal of their traffic ticket or even have the ticket reduced because new federal laws limit the discretion of judges in disposing of these traffic offenses. That is is why hiring counsel can help as was the case from the gentleman from Memphis.
Freeman & Fuson was able to substantially reduce the impact of this ticket on our client's driving record by discussing the matter with the District Attorney's office. We pointing out our desire to not only to have a trial in this case, but that we stressed that the findings of the highway patrol officer were likely incorrect for a number of reasons. Due to our vigorous defense, our client will not lose his job and his driving record will be impacted very little as a result of this speeding ticket.
Freeman & Fuson understands how significant a traffic ticket or moving violation can be on the continued employment of a truck driver or other commercial driver, and we vigorously defend these types of matters.
It is not unusual for people to make negative comments about other individuals on the internet. In fact, individuals and companies are becoming more aggressive in their attacks on other individuals and entities on the internet. Freeman & Fuson understands how devastating a false accusation or false statement regarding an individual can be when it is communicated to hundreds if not thousands of individuals on the internet including potential customers. Freeman & Fuson handles not only the prosecution of those types of cases but also defends people that were wrongfully accused of making those types of statements.
Freeman & Fuson recently tried a case involving a client who was alleged to have accused the other party of theft on Facebook. After the matter was tried, the case was dismissed and our client was vindicated and found innocent.
There is a fine line between defaming or otherwise disparaging someone and simply offering an opinion. This line that separates the two is often clouded when people post things on the internet. One has to be very careful in rendering opinions that might impact someone's livelihood and character.
Freeman & Fuson fights not only for those who believe they have been injured due to a false statement posted on the internet and those that have been falsely accused of doing that.
Freeman & Fuson represents clients who have been sued for breach of contract and those who have been injured due to someone else's breach of a contract. Freeman & Fuson recently tried a case involving a property dispute. Our client had agreed to give a mobile home to someone as a gift in exchange for this individual doing some work on her property. There was no written agreement. When the individual failed to meet his obligations, our client refused to allow him to remove the mobile home from her property. As a result, the individual sued our client claiming that our client had breached the contract. The Court found in our client's favor primarily due to the failure of the parties to enter into a written agreement.
Although contracts are entered each day on a simple handshake, a written contract is the more appropriate form to memorialize the agreement. Had these parties entered into a written contract, there would have been a better understanding of what was being offered and what was being accepted as well as what the terms of the agreement were.
Freeman & Fuson helps people draft written agreements when necessary. We also represent clients in court when a contract dispute arises.
Freeman and Fuson represent individuals charged with DUI. In this case, our client was charged with DUI (5th). In Tennessee, a DUI (4 th) or greater is a Class E Felony and carries a possible sentence of one (1) year of jail time with a minimum of 150 consecutive days to be served. The mandatory fines for DUI (5th) are a minimum $3,000 and a maximum of $15,000. License revocation for 5 years without a restricted license being available if convicted and your vehicle is subject to seizure/forfeit. Needless to say, the penalties are stiff if convicted. Hiring an experienced and dedicated lawyer to defend you against these serious charges is crucial to obtaining a favorable result.
Freeman and Fuson were able to get a settlement agreement worked out with the State of Tennessee wherein the client would enter a plea of 11/29 days for Reckless Endangerment. The client was required to serve 10 days in jail and fined $525.00.
Our firm has years of experience handling felony drug charges. This past month Joseph was able to obtain a fair settlement from a client charged with possessing a large amount of marijuana delivered via Fed-Ex. Our client was served with an "anticipatory" search warrant wherein the officer's had obtained permission to enter the home and seize the marijuana prior to actually delivering the marijuana. As a result of their sting operation, our client's home was raided and 20 pounds of marijuana still in the package was seized.
We were able to work out a deal where our client was only required to serve 20 days in jail and be on probation for 2 years. This occurred after several discussions with the district attorney, a preliminary hearing, discovery, and finally prior to the case being set for trial. Our client was able to keep his job and move forward with his life.
Freeman & Fuson focus a large part of their criminal defense practice to defending individuals charged with DUI. Often times these are first offenses. DUI charges cannot be expunged from your record and therefore it is very important to keep a DUI from every going on your criminal record.
In a recent case, the client was stopped for DUI in a county known for heavily prosecuting DUI offenses. After reviewing the video and discussing the matter with the officer, Joseph was able to have the DUI (1st) offense reduced to Reckless Driving. Although the client lost his license for one (1) year for violating the Implied Consent law, our office assisted him with getting a restricted license that allowed him to drive a vehicle for work six (6) days per week. Our client was pleased and hard work paid off.
In a county notorious for being tough on DUI cases, Defendant being represented by attorney Joseph Fuson received a reduced charge of Reckless Endangerment with no jail time and the felony evading arrest was dismissed. The State of Tennessee alleged that the defendant was driving under the influence of alcohol and attempted to evade arrest by failing to stop for the officer once the blue lights were turned on. Defendant maintained that he was not impaired by the alcohol he consumed that evening and that he did not realize the officer was behind him attempting to pull him over. By developing a defense to the case early on and exploring the defendant's medical history, Joseph was able to reach a reasonable agreement with the State of Tennessee on the date that a trial date was going to be set by the court. Hard work paid off in this case and the client was extremely happy with the results.


text:
C&EN's Year in Chemistry 2019
We're showcasing the year's hottest trends in chemistry research, coolest-looking molecules, and more
December 9, 2019 | APPEARED IN VOLUME 97, ISSUE 48
Credit: C&EN
Most Popular in Education
The flip side of flipped classrooms
Teaching chemistry students to use the labs of the future
First-ever online biochemistry degree builds momentum
Finding fun ways to simplify complicated chemistry concepts
Year in chemistry 2019
Research of the Year
Our understanding of air pollution's health effects deepened
Gut check: 2019 saw microbiome mysteries unraveled
PFAS pollution solutions moved forward
Chemists made industrial synthesis greener
Sensational syntheses of 2019
2019's top chemistry research, by the numbers
Top news stories of the year
Molecules of the Year
Delights of the Year
What to watch for in 2020
A wave of studies tied air pollution to an expanding range of adverse health effects
by Katherine Bourzac
Particulate matter pollution is associated with a growing number of health effects, including an increased number of emergency room visits for asthma attacks.
Key papers
Bové, Hannelore, et al. "Ambient Black Carbon Particles Reach the Fetal Side of Human Placenta." Nat. Commun. (Sept. 2019). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11654-3.
Rivas, Ioar, et al. "Association between Early Life Exposure to Air Pollution and Working Memory and Attention." Environ. Health Perspect. (May 2019). DOI: 10.1289/EHP3169.
Wu, Guoyao, et al. "Adverse Organogenesis and Predisposed Long-Term Metabolic Syndrome from Prenatal Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.(May 2019). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902925116.
There's strong evidence, held up in study after study since the 1990s, that exposure to fine airborne particles contributes to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. This year, epidemiologists linked air pollution to an ever-broadening group of health problems, as well as to negative effects on fetal and early childhood development.
In 2019, we learned more about how breathing particulate matter that is 2.5 µm in diameter and smaller (PM2.5) affects fertility and fetal health. One study found that in vitro fertilization is less likely to work for women exposed to higher levels of both airborne PM2.5 and a subtype of particulate pollution, black carbon. Another study published this year links expectant mothers' exposure to PM2.5 to eventual problems with their children's memory.
As epidemiologists added to the list of health problems associated with prenatal PM2.5 exposure, biologists continued to look for mechanisms by delving deeper into the myriad effects of the particles. An examination of biopsied tissue found that black carbon can cross the placenta, the protective organ that connects mother and fetus. Another study, done in pregnant rats, found a strong link between maternal PM2.5 exposure and a variety of disease risks in their offspring, including stunted lungs, elevated blood glucose, and high levels of lipids in the liver.
It has become almost impossible to keep up with the literature about air pollution and disease risk, says C. Arden Pope III, a public health researcher at Brigham Young University. "It's hard for us to know whether we are seeing more health effects because more people are looking for them or whether our methodology is improving," Pope says. He suspects both. When he and his collaborators found the first link between air pollution and cardiovascular disease in the 1990s, they didn't believe their own results. But eventually the findings were confirmed. Pope says he'd like to see these latest studies replicated, and he expects many of them will be.
Perhaps the bigger question is what society will choose to do with this information. A study published this year showed that US particulate matter pollution levels climbed 5.5% from 2016 to 2018 because of wildfire smoke, the booming economy, and lax enforcement of the Clean Air Act. Pope says this reversal in air quality is "stunning."
In 2018, the US Environmental Protection Agency dismissed its particulate matter review panel, which was made up of scientific specialists. Without that expertise, at the end of 2019, the agency's science advisory board was divided on whether to tighten PM2.5 exposure limits.
Studies showed that metabolites from gut microbes could affect health
by Megha Satyanarayana
The bacteria on our insides and outsides influence nearly every aspect of our being, whether it be our birth, our behavior, or the efficacy of our medications.
In studies in mice and of human cells, one big idea reinforced in 2019 is that the metabolites produced by microbes in our guts can play a role in our health. In fact, Andrew Goodman of Yale School of Medicine and coworkers found that many common drugs are metabolized by various species of gut bacteria, raising questions as to whether this might affect how drugs work.
Microbiome research is a comparatively young field, several scientists told C&EN, and a burst of big findings released this year can be credited in part to improved analytical technology and a growing number of scientists from all fields studying our microbial inhabitants.
"There's a critical mass now of labs that are working on the microbiome," says Peter Turnbaugh, a microbiome scientist at the University of California, San Francisco. "We've had a lot of people come from chemistry and from quantitative backgrounds. They're bringing new perspective."
Here are some interesting microbiome findings that made news in 2019:
Neuro effects
Doctors have long noted that the most common treatment for Parkinson's disease, levodopa, works better for some people than others. Peter Turnbaugh of the University of California, San Francisco, and Emily Balskus of Harvard University found that gut bacteria carve off bits of levodopa for their use, potentially deactivating the drug before it can reach the bloodstream and get to the brain (Science 2019, DOI: 10.1126/science.aau6323).
Motor function
A research team based in Israel reported that nicotinamide, a metabolite produced by gut bacteria, seems to protect mice from the ravages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease that leads to muscle wasting and reduced motor function. Led by Eran Elinav at the Weizmann Institute of Science, the team tested common gut microbes in mice genetically engineered to develop ALS and found that some species ameliorated symptoms, and others made them worse. Nicotinamide is known to have a role in neuronal health, and Elinav thinks this compound might be helping to reduce oxidative stress in the nervous system (Nature 2019, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1443-5).
As bacteria in our bodies remodel themselves, sometimes they shed an immune-stimulating chemical called peptidoglycan. Earlier this year, researchers based in Singapore reported that large amounts of this compound circulating in mice bred to have autoimmune arthritis can exacerbate the disease. In humans, autoimmune arthritis is characterized by deformed joints and lost range of motion in various body parts. The researchers, led by Yue Wang at the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, found that a single injection of an antibody against peptidoglycan reduced symptoms and seemed to slow disease progression in the mice (Nat. Microbiol. 2019, DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0381-1).
Babies come into this world with the microbiomes their moms give them. Sort of. University College London's Baby Biome Study found that babies born by C-section have different microbiomes than their counterparts who were born vaginally. One worrying finding: babies born by C-section have strains of hospital bacteria in their guts, including some with antibiotic-resistance markers (Nature 2019, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1560-1). Trevor Lawley of the Wellcome Sanger Institute, who led the research group, thinks that antibiotics that women take before C-sections might kill off some species, making room for hospital species to settle in, but the overall health impact of these findings will take several years to tease out.
It's no surprise that the microbiome has an enormous impact on the very intestines where many of our microbes reside. Early in 2019, Balskus of Harvard and Silvia Balbo of the University of Minnesota Twin Cities discovered that colibactin, a compound secreted by intestinal Escherichia coli, alkylates the DNA of the cells lining our guts. Alkylated bases on DNA tend to fall off the biopolymer, triggering a cell's DNA-repair mechanisms (Science 2019, DOI: 10.1126/science.aar7785). And sometimes these repair tools fail, leading to mutations that could induce diseases like colon cancer. Balskus says there is still work to be done to firmly connect colibactin to colon cancer, but screening for alkylated DNA bases might become a valuable diagnostic procedure.
Persistent Pollutants
Fluorochemicals saw breakthroughs in treatment methods and public awareness
by Kerri Jansen
Credit: Environmental Working Group/Social Science Environmental Health Research Institute/Northeastern University
A map of PFAS water contamination in the US. Blue circles represent locations where PFAS have been detected in tap water. Purple dots represent contaminated industrial or military sites as of October 2019. Red dots represent other known sites. Locations are approximate. View the full interactive map at ewg.org.
Huang, Shan, and Peter R. Jaffé. "Defluorination of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) by Acidimicrobium sp. Strain A6." Environ. Sci. Technol. (Sept. 2019). DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04047.
Klemes, Max J., et al. "Reduction of a Tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile-β-Cyclodextrin Polymer to Remove Anionic Micropollutants and Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances from Water." Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. (June 2019). DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905142.
Singh, Raj Kamal, et al. "Rapid Removal of Poly- and Perfluorinated Compounds from Investigation-Derived Waste (IDW) in a Pilot-Scale Plasma Reactor." Environ. Sci. Technol. (Sept. 2019). DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02964.
It's not every year that water chemistry scores a spot at the movie theater. The November release of Dark Waters, a film starring Mark Ruffalo as a lawyer investigating water contamination in West Virginia, crowned a year of expanded public awareness of PFAS, the family of nonpolymer per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances that persist in the environment and are linked to health problems. Meanwhile, an ever-growing list of contaminated sites drew increased regulatory scrutiny as scientists raced to understand the chemicals and test potential treatments.
In 2019, scientists studying the persistent pollutants uncovered new information about their impact, how they cycle in the environment, and what it will take to get rid of them. Development continued on a battery of potential treatment methods, including new adsorbents that better target PFAS and destructive technologies aimed at demolishing the strong C–F bonds that make PFAS so persistent. Chris Higgins, who studies emerging contaminants at the Colorado School of Mines, says he expects this "every tool on the table" approach to continue.
"It's such a big liability; you don't want to put all your eggs in one basket," he says.
After a few years in the pipeline, some technologies have cleared important milestones on the road to large-scale use. For example, a plasma reactor that uses electricity and argon gas to generate highly reactive species that can break down PFAS completed a field test in September, treating hundreds of liters of contaminated water at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio.
"We're starting to be able to bring some of these technologies to the table, where there was a lot of skepticism before" about whether PFAS could be treated effectively, says Michelle Crimi, who studies water remediation methods at Clarkson University.
Credit: Clarkson University
Researchers used a plasma reactor to break down PFAS molecules in contaminated water during a field test this year.
And this year, scientists reported that a microbe found in a New Jersey wetland could detoxify PFAS, potentially offering a cheaper and more sustainable approach to treating contaminated water than energy-intensive systems like the plasma reactor.
The difficulty in removing PFAS from the environment has drawn attention to how we dispose of contaminants and their fate in the environment, Crimi says. She hopes the experience will prompt society to focus more on preventing pollution in the first place. The year 2020 could shape up to be another interesting one for PFAS, as federal regulators continue to grapple with whether and how to regulate these compounds.
Higgins says he's encouraged to see a wealth of new information brought to light about the compounds.
"It's actually a pretty exciting time to be following all the research," he says.
Scientists revisited well-known reactions to reduce emissions and energy use
by Leigh Krietsch Boerner
Credit: Modestino lab
In an electrochemical cell, acrylonitrile (AN) combines to make adiponitrile (ADN) at the cathode, while water and oxygen form at the anode.
Blanco, Daniela E., Bryan Lee, and Miguel A. Modestino. "Optimizing Organic Electrosynthesis through Controlled Voltage Dosing and Artificial Intelligence." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Aug. 2019). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909985116.
Kyoungsuk, Jin, et al. "Epoxidation of Cyclooctene Using Water as the Oxygen Atom Source at Manganese Oxide Electrocatalysts." J. Am. Chem. Soc. (April 2019). DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02345.
Wismann, Sebastian T., et al. "Electrified Methane Reforming: A Compact Approach to Greener Industrial Hydrogen Production." Science (May 2019). DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw8775.
Electrochemical organic synthesis leaped forward in 2019, with chemists using it to make industrial processes greener by lowering energy consumption and emissions.
Used to produce nylon 6,6, a common ingredient in textiles, adiponitrile is one of the largest-volume chemicals produced worldwide. The standard industry route for making it is inefficient and creates unwanted by-products. This year, Miguel Modestino and coworkers at New York University increased the yield of adiponitrile synthesis and the selectivity with which it's created by pulsing the current in an electrosynthesis system and optimizing reaction conditions with a type of machine learning.
Epoxides, ubiquitous in the manufacture of consumer goods, are another important industrial chemical. Their synthesis, which produces high levels of carbon dioxide and involves hazardous conditions, was also tackled this year by electrochemistry. Karthish Manthiram and coworkers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology showed that an electrochemical cell could make epoxides from olefins at room temperature and ambient pressure while producing minimal waste and no CO2.
The traditional synthesis combines ethylene and oxygen at 270–290 °C and 1–3 MPa. CO2,which forms from overoxidation, increases the carbon footprint of the process. Manthiram's method grabs the oxygen atom from water and transfers it to an olefin in a one-compartment electrochemical cell.
In addition, this year chemists have directly used electricity to make industrial processes greener. Making syngas, a valuable mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, accounts for about 3% of global CO2 emissions. That's in part because the reactor used to slam methane and steam together to produce syngas is heated by combustion. To reduce CO2 emissions from this process, Peter M. Mortensen of Haldor Topsoe and coworkers developed an alternative to steam reforming using electrical heating rather than combustion. The researchers estimate that replacing the world's reformers with their versions and powering them with renewable electricity could shave almost 1% off global CO2 emissions.
In a way, a lot of the reactions that scientists are pursuing with electricity could have happened in the past, Manthiram says, but now people are viewing electrification with fresh eyes. Renewable electricity has become cheaper, and technologies that use or generate electricity, such as electric cars and solar cells, are prevalent, he says.
Chemists are learning that they can drive organic synthesis with electrodes in a way that they can't with standard reagents, making it possible to coax high selectivities and new molecular structures from reactions, Manthiram says. Now and in the future, joining electrified reactions with renewable power sources such as solar cells can work toward making synthesis more sustainable.
These new methods for making and breaking molecules piqued C&EN's interest this year
by Bethany Halford
Aluminum complex broke benzene. Benzene, a simple, aromatic, six-membered ring that's found in crude oil, is known for its hardiness. While chemists have developed myriad ways to tinker with its C–H bonds, reactions that cleave its C–C bonds are rare. A team led by the University of Oxford's Simon Aldridge and Jose M. Goicoechea discovered an aluminum complex that's capable of busting open benzene's C–C bond, converting the cyclic molecule into a linear one (shown; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05925). Unlike previous reagents used in benzene-breaking reactions, the Oxford team's aluminum complex is stable at room temperature as long as it's under an inert atmosphere. The reaction could be used to expand the range of molecules made from petroleum.
Click chemistry tool kit expanded. Primary amines are plentiful substrates, and this year chemists reported a reaction that turns them into azides. By doing so, the team boosted the number of compounds that can be used in the popular copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, or CuAAC, click reaction—in which an azide and an alkyne assemble into a triazole quickly, reliably, and without any by-products. Jiajia Dong of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, K. Barry Sharpless of Scripps Research in California, and coworkers discovered that fluorosulfuryl azide transforms primary amines into azides (shown; Nature 2019, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1589-1). The chemists generated fluorosulfuryl azide fleetingly in their flasks via the reaction of imidazolium fluorosulfuryl triflate salt and sodium azide, thereby sidestepping the risk of explosion. Dong and Sharpless's team was able to make large libraries of novel compounds using this approach, and one has already yielded a promising compound for fighting tuberculosis.
Stereochemical control produced poly(vinyl ethers). Chemists Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work making isotactic polyolefins—polymers in which most of the pendant groups have the same stereochemical configuration. But that method doesn't work for making poly(vinyl ethers), because oxygen atoms in the monomers poison Ziegler-Natta catalysts. So poly(vinyl ethers) have remained niche products. Taking advantage of a technique that's popular for controlling the stereochemistry of pharmaceuticals, Frank A. Leibfarth, a chemist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and postdoc Aaron J. Teator discovered they could make isotactic poly(vinyl ethers) by using chiral anions to control the stereochemistry of the polymerization process (shown; Science 2019, DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw1703). The resulting polymers could find use in lightweight composites for making bicycles, boats, and cars.
These stats caught C&EN's attention this year
by Michael Torrice
<100 µm
The length of the smallest optical spectrometer (shown), which was made from a single nanowire of cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide (Science 2019, DOI: 10.1126/science.aax8814)
Credit: Science
The number of additional microplastic pieces a person would consume in a year if meeting daily water needs exclusively through bottled water (Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01517)
The number of PDF downloads, as of Dec. 3, of a bioRxiv preprint reporting the unexpected observation that sugars decorate RNA molecules (bioRxiv 2019, DOI: 10.1101/787614)
The number of days a machine-learning algorithm took to identify a drug candidate (shown) for targeting fibrosis, a condition in which tissue becomes overgrown or scarred. Experiments run by researchers confirmed the candidate's viability (Nat. Biotechnol. 2019, DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0224-x).
Credit: Insilico Medicine
The wavelength of near-infrared light that mice were able to see, thanks to upconversion nanoparticles (green) injected into their retinas (purple; Cell 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.038). Mice normally see wavelengths between 380 and 740 nm.
Credit: Cell
The number of hours a new 3-D printer (shown) using the high-area rapid printing process took to build a 1.2 m tall polyurethane acrylate lattice (Science 2019, DOI: 10.1126/science.aax1562)
Credit: Northwestern University
1.8 × 1022
The half-life of xenon-124 in years, making it the longest ever directly measured (Nature 2019, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1124-4)
The number of carbon nanotubes used to make a microprocessor (shown) for the first nanotube computer capable of running simple programs (Nature 2019, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1493-8)
Credit: Max Shulaker/MIT
The percentage of lithium-ion batteries (various types shown) that are currently recycled worldwide. In 2019, scientists and consumers scrutinized recycling practices for batteries and other materials, like glass and plastic.
Source: International Energy Agency.
Credit: Mitch Jacoby/C&EN
The number of compounds in the Krebs cycle that origin-of-life scientists demonstrated that ferrous iron could synthesize without the help of enzymes, possibly providing a glimpse of prebiotic chemistry (Nature 2019, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1151-1)
Title: C&EN's Year in Chemistry 2019
G. Wu (December 10, 2019 5:22 PM)
One of the selctions could be misleading to those who are not familar with the compound. The compound identified by the article in 2019 has very high similarity to a drug molecule, ponatinib, with its 3D structure in the same target published in PDB back in 2013. https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3ZOS
Ponatinib must have been utilized to help find the compound in the article, but it was not listed in the article.
"46: The number of days a machine-learning algorithm took to identify a drug candidate (shown) for targeting fibrosis, a condition in which tissue becomes overgrown or scarred. Experiments run by researchers confirmed the candidate's viability (Nat. Biotechnol. 2019, DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0224-x)."
Prof. A. Valavanidis (December 11, 2019 11:04 AM)
C&en news are interesting, informative and very good sources of scientific research and developemnt in every subject of chemical fields.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Iberian plants and insects (e.g., Lobo et al. 2001, Lobo and Martin-Piera 2002, or Hortal et al. 2004). These analyses usually include geomorphologic and structural variables, such as altitudes, slopes, aspects, etc. However, we use such information to develop friction surfaces and connectivity analyses (see below). Thus, we have excluded them from the calculation of the environmental matrix, in order to avoid self-replication and to separate more clearly both sources of faunistic variability. *The second one, diuic, accounts for the differences in the land use/land cover of each area, that is, for differences in habitat structure among areas. To develop this matrix, the original CORINE Land Use/Land Cover map (EEA 2000) were reclassified into 13 categories (urban areas, dry cultures, irrigated cultures, patchy cultures, olive, vineyard and fruit plantations, anthropogenic pastures, natural pastures, broadleaf forests, conifer forests, mixed forests, shrubland, bare rock and land masses). The percentage of land coverage devoted to each category was extracted using GIS techniques. Similar variables were also successfully used in several of the formerly related studies.
Following the recommendations of Legendre and Legendre (1998), after the standardization of the truly continuous variables (those related to climate), we used the Gower Similarity Index (Gower 1971) to measure the environmental and habitat proximities among grid squares. In the case of the development of the denv matrix, different weights were assigned to bedrock and climate variables, to account for the differential importance of each group of environmental variables in the distribution of the species (see discussion at Hortal and Lobo 2005). Although bedrock geology is not a direct determinant of variations in mammal communities, it does for plants (see, e.g., Lobo et al. 2001 for the Iberian Peninsula), a well known determinant of mammal diversity (see, e.g., Olff et al. 2002 or Cristoffer and Peres 2003). Thus, substrate composition may have an indirect effect over mammal communities. Although no analysis is available on the different weights of geology and climate in the configuration of mammal communities (see Hortal and Lobo 2005 for an example of such analysis on Iberian dung beetles), we have assumed the latter having greater importance. In absence of any hypotheses of the magnitude of such difference, and following the empirical evidence obtained by Hortal and Lobo (2005), climate was assumed to be three times more important than geology. Thus, every climatic variable had a weight of 1/2 (3/6 variables), giving a total weight of 3 to climate (0.5 x 6 climatic variables). In the same way, every geologic category had a weight of 1/3 (1/3 variables), and geology a total weight of 1 (0.33 x 3 variables). The resulting similarity matrices (calculations made with Clustan Graphics software; Clustan Ltd.
2002) were transformed into distance matrices by calculating the inverse of the index value (that is, d = 1 - Gower value).


This module allows your customer to self delete his account. Your shop will be prepared to GDPR compilance.
Your store will be consistent with EU law and General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Also it increases the level of trust to your store.
Customers can can delete their account in Your online store.


Quick, what do smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, spotted bass, white bass, wipers, stripers and pike all have in common? If you said they're all fun to catch we'd agree in principle, but that's not what I'm reaching for, at least not specifically enough. What I'd say is that is they all love to nuke a topwater lure in summer and fall and that for sure drives home the point that they are all indeed fun to catch.
For the record, any fish that is fun to catch is simply more fun to catch on the surface. Truth.
Given that wide range of fish we're trying to trick, along with the even wider range of places they can be caught, it stands to reason that a well-prepared angler seeking maximum fun might need several topwater options. No problem - we have options. Let's look at a few, focusing on the hard bait styles (as opposed to wire baits or rubber frog-type baits) because the hard baits have the widest fish species range appeal.
Probably the most common topwater type in use is a popper. Like some other topwaters, they are defined by their action, such that poppers are designed to be, well, popped. The key feature of a popper is the cupped mouth, which catches water and air. When retrieved, starting with slack line and rod tip twitch, that mouth literally makes a "bloop" sound and the best of the breed also spit a bit of water forward each time. Poppers are at their best working in small areas because they are generally the slowest to retrieve. I use them where I have a small strike zone like the backs of pockets, along steep dam faces or bluffs and especially along tight shade lines. I also reach for a popper anytime I'm fishing around bluegill beds. They are available in many sizes and with various amounts of mouth cupping to fine-tune your presentation.
Walking baits are another topwater named for their action when retrieved, but in this case, the name is not nearly so intuitive. Walking is a short derivative of a retrieve style known as "walking the dog". In a nutshell, the bait is worked on semi-slack line, such that each pop of the rod tip pulls the bait forward slightly, but mostly just in the opposite direction from which it was facing at the end of the previous twitch. Done correctly, the bait will work rhythmically side to side with a bit of glide to its swagger, leaving a beautiful 'V' wake in its path. To be totally honest, the retrieve takes a bit of practice, but news flash - so does many other physical aspects of fishing that are valuable to master!
Walking baits are great for covering a bunch of water, especially relatively open water, in short order. They are basically cigar shaped, come in a variety of sizes to match whatever forage you may have and are known to draw fish up from considerable depths as well; they are definitely not strictly a shallow water lure option. True walkers are at their best on flat water because they tend to jump waves and foul hooks. Now, where it gets confusing is when other topwater baits are applied with a walk-the-dog retrieve style. The very best poppers are also capable of walking the dog, such that they are even more versatile than the walkers themselves. The Bullet Pop 70 comes immediately to mind for this. Yes, I can still pop it in tight quarters, but I can also walk it when space allows.
Poppers and walkers are the two most common topwaters in the hard bait genre, but they are not alone. Topwaters with various propellers are also an option. The props have the effect of added noise, vibration and water splash. They come in a couple of forms; the plopper-style that have a single, unbalanced blade on the rear and a two-prop style featuring a front and rear prop, typically each with two blades. The former is typically continuously retrieved leaving the 'V' wake and a bubble trail, all the while making a ton of noise. They tend to have larger profiles and are generally considered to be big fish baits. The later is most commonly ripped in short, aggressive rod snaps and is associated with irritating active fish into biting. Both styles of prop baits are at their best in flat water.
At this time, it is best to point out that hybrids of all of these bait styles exist. Similarly, retrieve styles will differ amongst anglers. There are long, skinny walking poppers known as pencil poppers, short thick chuggers and even wakebaits that plod along just under the surface film. The key thing to remember is that in many cases, the fish are attacking the commotion as much at the lure itself, so pay attention to how aggressive or passive you are working your lure. I work most surface lures on old-school nylon monofilament because it floats and slows hooksets down, which is a very good thing as we anglers tend to get trigger happy when we can see fish bite. The rod is typically worked tip down and the reel only controls slack unless we're talking plopper style lures. Other than that, the effectiveness of topwaters in summer is limited only by how much you fish them. Given the fun quotient, I recommend fishing them a lot!


text:
Why Bavaria
10 Reasons to Study in Bavaria
Henry Peter
Erdenechimeg
Wenfei
Discover Bavaria
Learn Bavarian
Start Your Career in Bavaria
Visa Requirements for Work
Finding Your Dream Job
Careers in Academia and Research
How to study in Bavaria
German Higher Education System
University Types
Course Modules and Grades
Titles and Degrees
Planning Your Studies
University Term Dates
Tips for Student Life
Money and Budget
Make New Friends
Health and Insurance
What & where to study in Bavaria
Research Universities
Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Munich (LMU)
Munich (TUM)
Eichstätt-Ingolstadt (non-state university)
Universities of Applied Sciences
Amberg-Weiden
Weihenstephan-Triesdorf
EVHN Nuremberg (non-state university)
KSH Munich (non-state university)
Universities of Arts
Academy of Fine Arts Nuremberg
Academy of Fine Arts Munich
University of Television and Film Munich (HFF)
University of Music and Performing Arts Munich
Nuremberg University of Music
Würzburg University of Music
Hochschule für evangelische Kirchenmusik Bayreuth (non-state university)
College of Catholic Church Music and Musical Education Regensburg (non-state university)
Degree Courses in English
Summer and Winter Schools 2019
Doctoral Programmes in English
Continuing Academic Education
Joint Degree Courses
Virtuelle Hochschule Bayern (vhb)
Elite Network of Bavaria
Contrast-Mode
MyStudy
Study in Bavaria
to study in Bavaria
What & where
Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst
Katholische Stiftungshochschule München (KSH)
Katholische Stiftungshochschule München (KSH) is a nationally and internationally renowned university of applied sciences, which is funded by the Catholic Church. It specialises in social, nursing and pedagogic professions. The university offers bachelor courses in Social Work, Nursing and Religious Pedagogy, after which the university's 2,400 students can also choose among a number of master's programs.
In 2018 a bachelor course in childhood pedagogy (fulltime) started. The two bachelor programs Social Work and Religious Pedagogy and Ecclesiastical Education can be combined - this joint program results in two independant degrees. Starting from the winter semester 2014/15 the course will be offered at the University's campus location in Benediktbeuern. Students can also profit from the portfolio of further trainings and qualifications: for instance, students can get additional qualifications in the areas of theology, musical pedagogy (MUZA) and experiential education (EPZ).
KSH has two campus locations, one in the in the city-center of Munich (in the area of Haidhausen) and one in the Baroque monastery of Benediktbeuern. The monastery was built by the Benedictines 1,250 years ago and today is administrated by the order of the Salesians of Don Bosco.
Students particularly benefit from the academic excellence and personal atmosphere at KSH. The University offers professional and dedicated supervision, allowing students to exchange ideas directly with professors and teaching staff.
The approach to teaching and learning is academic but also practical. As a University of Applied Sciences, KSH has maintained close links and co-operations with institutions such as charities, public providers and clinics in the areas of Social and Health Care for many decades. These connections ensure the most practical application of courses for students.
The "Institute for Continuing Education" (IF) is an affiliated institution of the University. It offers a portfolio of academic courses for professional development and continuing education and master's degrees.
Social Work Munich
Social Work Benediktbeuern
Bachelor's programmes at KSH (information in German only)
Master's programmes at KSH (information in German only)
Contact Address and Useful Links
Faculty of Social Work Munich
Claudia Eckel
Tel: +49 (0)89-48092-8337
claudia.eckel(at)ksh-m.de
Faculty of Social Work Benediktbeuern
Florian Wenzl
Telefon: +49 (0)8857-88 519
florian.wenzl(at)ksh-m.de
Faculty of Health Care
Franziska Wedler
Telefon: +49 (0)89-48092-8410
franziska.wedler@ksh-m.de
Andrea Merkel-Kahlo
andrea.merkel-kahlo@ksh-m.de
www.ksh-muenchen.de/
Benediktbeuern and Munich
Campus KSH Munich
The campus of KSH in Benediktbeuern forms part of a historic monastery building that was built by the order of the Benedictines more than a thousand years ago. These surroundings certainly give the department its special charms. Behind the spires of the basilica rises the "Benediktenwand", with a height of 1,800 metres, one of the most well known mountains in the Bavarian Alpine foothills.
On the roof of the building storks nest all year round and the monastery lies next to a vast nature reserve. Apart from the University, other social institutions such as the Zentrum für Umwelt und Kultur (ZUK) (Environmental and Cultural Centre) or the Jugendpastoralinstiut (Youth Pastoral Institute) are based on the monastery grounds, managed by the order of the Salensians of Don Bosco.
Nearby are several lakes and university life also takes place in the large monastery court yard, the "Stüberl" and cafés. Many students live in shared accommodation in the centre of Benediktbeuern, a small town of 4.000 inhabitants.
Campus in Munich:
The University's Munich department is based right in the city-centre, in the district of Haidhausen. Here, on the grounds of the Church Centre of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising, different generations meet. Apart from KSH several schools and other church institutions are also based at the Centre. Right in the middle of the campus is the campus church, where cultural events also take place.
In direct contact: professor and students
The cloister Benediktbeuern
The basilica: the heart of the cloister
Lecture in the "Konventbau" of the cloister
The Audimax on the campus Benediktbeuern
The arcade in front of the entrance of the university
Balanced: listening and interaction


text:
Robert Joseph LaFromboise (né le  à Downey, Californie, États-Unis) est un lanceur de relève gaucher des Phillies de Philadelphie de la Ligue majeure de baseball.

Carrière
Joueur à l'université du Nouveau-Mexique, Bobby LaFromboise est un choix de huitième ronde des Mariners de Seattle en 2008. Il est auparavant repêché deux fois, sans signer de contrat avec le club qui le sélectionne : par les White Sox de Chicago en  en 2005 puis les Diamondbacks de l'Arizona au  en 2007.

LaFromboise est promu au niveau Triple-A des ligues mineures en 2012 où il connaît une bonne saison pour les Rainiers de Tacoma avec une moyenne de points mérités de 1,59 en 39 manches et deux tiers lancées comme releveur.

Il fait ses débuts dans le baseball majeur avec les Mariners de Seattle le . En 10 matchs et 10 manches et deux tiers lancées pour Seattle, il enregistre 11 retraits sur des prises, encaisse une défaite, et affiche une moyenne de points mérités de 5,91.

Le , il est réclamé au ballottage par les Padres de San Diego. Il ne s'aligne qu'en ligues mineures avec le club-école des Padres à Chihuahuas d'El Paso, jusqu'à ce qu'il soit une fois de plus cédé au ballottage et réclamé par les Pirates de Pittsburgh le 24 août 2014. Il lance 3 manches et deux tiers en 6 brèves sorties pour les Pirates en 2014. Il effectue 11 sorties et n'accorde qu'un point mérité en 8 manches lancées pour les Pirates en 2015.

Le 23 décembre 2015, il est réclamé au ballottage par les Angels de Los Angeles. Le 29 janvier 2016, c'est au tour des Phillies de Philadelphie de la réclamer au ballottage.

Notes et références

Liens externes
  Profil de Bobby LaFromboise sur le site des Ligues majeures de baseball.
  Statistiques de Bobby LaFromboise sur Baseball-Reference.

Naissance en juin 1986
Joueur américain de baseball
Joueur des Mariners de Seattle
Joueur des Pirates de Pittsburgh
Lanceur des ligues majeures de baseball
Naissance à Downey
Joueur de baseball des Lobos du Nouveau-Mexique

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I had a guest with me for this week's 5 Question Friday Vlog!
If you wanna play along with Mama M's wicked fun meme, check out her bliggity blog!
I used a different video server this week. We'll see how it does.
Ready for Friday? Ready for the weekend?
I sure am! Now that 0007 is on overtime lockdown and I know he'll be home all weekend, I am jazzed for it to be Friday!
Let's get the party started with some 5QF for Mama M! Check out her blog for the skinny on how it works!
Oh, and don't forget, if you wanna join us for the Texas Blog Party, you are welcome and you can click HERE to check it out! It'll be off the hizz, fo sho! Ok, it'll be really cool and fun. You should come!
I just realized, as I'm watching tv while posting this, that I feel smarter when I watch Jeopardy than I do when I watch Are You Smarter Than a Fifth Grader.
There's your random fact about me for the day.
And here's your vlog from me for the day!
Make sure you head over to Mama M's bliggity blog and check out 5 Question Friday every week!
Everyone excited about the weekend?
I'm really hoping that the weather this weekend is exactly like it is right now. Ohmygosh, it's gorgeous outside! I just love these pre-Summer Texas days! We are sooooo heading outside as soon as I post this!
If you don't know about 5 Question Friday, be sure to head over to Mama M's blog and play along! Wanna answer in the comments? Have at it! If you did a 5QF post, leave me the link! I love blog hopping!!
First, I want to say THANK YOU to all the awesome peeps who are offering me some much needed advice for my kitchen redo! I'm getting more excited now that I'm hearing some great ideas!


text:
L'Impressionniste fin de siècle és un curtmetratge mut de trucs francès de 1899  dirigida per Georges Méliès. Va ser llançat als Estats Units com a An Up-to-Date Conjurer, i al Regne Unit An Up-to-Date Conjuror. També fou coneguda com The Conjurer.

Argument
Un prestidigitador i una ballarina de ballet realitzen una sèrie ràpida d'actes de màgia, que inclouen desaparicions, reaparició i transformacions.

Producció
Méliès fa de prestidigitador. Els efectes especials de la pel·lícula es van crear amb sofisticats escamoteigs, amb els plans acuradament tallats i combinats per permetre que les transformacions de mig moviment semblin suaus.

Méliès va fer dues versions de L'Impressionniste fin de siècle, amb un ballarí diferent i diferents escenografies, a més de lleugeres variacions en l'acció. És possible que altres pel·lícules de Méliès també s'hagin rodat més d'una vegada. L'escenari de la versió més habitual de la pel·lícula es va reutilitzar per a la pel·lícula posterior de Méliès Nouvelles luttes extravagantes.

Estrena i supervivència
La Star Film Company de Méliès va estrenar L'Impressionniste fin de siècle i comptava amb el número 183 als seus catàlegs. Una impressió de la pel·lícula havia estat redescoberta el 1947, quan va ser projectat pel Museu d'Art de San Francisco en un programa que també incloïa les pel·lícules de Méliès À la conquête du pôle, Le Voyage dans la Lune, Le Palais des mille et une nuits  i Hydrothérapie fantastique. L'altra versió de la pel·lícula, menys habitual, , amb la diferent ballarina i escenografia, es va descobrir més tard i es va projectar el juliol de 2011 a la conferència "Méliès, carrefour des attractions" al Centre culturel international de Cerisy-la-Salle.

Recepció
L'estudiós del cinema John Frazer va qualificar la transformació a l'aire d'"encantadora", citant la pel·lícula com un bon exemple dels nombrosos curtmetratges de trucs de Méliès "en què l'objectiu principal és demostrar la màgia blanca possible a les pel·lícules". L'estudiosa del cinema Elizabeth Ezra va argumentar que les transformacions fluides de gènere entre l'home i la dona a la pel·lícula emfatitzen "la naturalesa procreativa de l'art [del mag]". L'estudiós Pasi Väliaho va plantejar que la pel·lícula "dissol la identitat de les formes en vectors de moviment", i que aquesta i les altres pel·lícules de trucs de Méliès utilitzen els cossos "en primer lloc com a llocs d'experimentació".

Referències

Enllaços externs

Curtmetratges de França
Pel·lícules de França del 1899
Pel·lícules de França en blanc i negre
Pel·lícules dirigides per Georges Méliès
Pel·lícules de comèdia de França