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You are here: Home » Editorial » Opinion » Opinion: Veganism and the rise of the Muslim Consumer
Opinion: Veganism and the rise of the Muslim Consumer
The other night I listened to a program on BBC Radio 4 UK which was entitled "The Future Is Halal". People associate the word halal with meat. Usually it is just thought of as a term that defines how animals have been slaughtered in accordance to Islamic law . However halal actually means something a lot broader. According to Wikipedia "
"Halal (Arabic: "permissible") is a term designating any object or an action which is permissible to use or engage in, according to Islamic law. The term is used to designate food seen as permissible according to Islamic law. The opposite of this word is haraam."
This is the introduction to the program on the BBC Iplayer:
"You've heard of halal meat, but what about halal paintbrushes, halal perfume or halal holiday resorts?
A recent report by The Economist proclaimed to businesses: ignore the Sharia-conscious consumer at your peril. The global Muslim population is now 1.8 billion and rising fast; it's predicted that Muslims will account for 30% of the world's population by 2025. More than half are under 25 and many are tech-savvy, brand-conscious and increasingly flexing their consumer muscle. In response, there's been an explosion of goods and services aimed at Muslims.
While Britain has been slow to wake up to this new consumer trend, other countries are already reaping the economic rewards of serving Muslim needs. Malaysia has become the leader in halal certification and in promoting the global halal industry. Each year Kuala Lumpur hosts World Halal Week, bringing together a remarkable array of Islamic scholars, scientists, producers of halal products and services and big multinational companies. Malaysia is also home to the first international university to teach Islamic finance.
There are many concerns about how to ensure credible halal certification. Nonetheless, this new drive to meet Muslim consumer demand beyond halal food is bringing together religion and business in an unprecedented way – and giving Islam a new identity in the 21st century.
But is this burgeoning international industry simply driven by the desire for business profit or is it really supporting Muslim values? And how far will these halal products and services cross-over to non-Muslim consumers? Navid Akhtar investigates."
In the program there were a number of references to vegan, organic and cruelty-free ideals. One significant instance is where Navid Akhtar visits a trade fair in Malaysia and he talks to a trader who is selling bone china without the bone. The trader said the products were not just marketed at Muslims but any group that did not wish to have animal ingredients in products they bought such as Hindus or people opposed to animal exploitation on non-religious grounds.
All of which compels Akhtar to say something along the lines of "I'll be questioning the glue in my trainers next."
Something which is all too familiar to the long frustrated vegan consumer.
In the west the average vegan is considered irritating, annoying and frustrating for demanding so much information about the products they consume. As the vegan market is currently rather small big companies have not seen the need to go too much out of their way to accommodate vegans. However they certainly do see the need to accommodate muslims.
Whilst obviously you don't have to be vegan to be Muslim you clearly do have to be just as discerning when buying products to keep to your moral/spiritual ideology.
By products are considered a great bane for vegans but with a combination of Muslim businesses targeting every market that wants animal free products and major established companies worldwide wanting to appeal to the muslim market, is it just a matter of time before people see that vegan is just the easiest choice for everyone worldwide?
If we want a vegan world then the established vegan movement really has to pay attention to this fast rising consumer market. I believe the rise of the Muslim consumer will be in the long run a positive thing for veganism. Currently the biggest animal agricultural export markets for Brazil, Australia and New Zealand is the Muslim markets but as Muslims are more likely to demand more information about how meat is produced this may require the meat industry to be more transparent.
If people think it is just a fanciful idea that the muslim consumer can some how help the vegan movement then they should know that there are already examples of where the Muslim consumer has ensured a vegan friendly business stayed in business.
The program featured Dr Mah of UK based Saaf Pure Skincare whom said her company was selling mostly to European retailers originally. She then got a halal certification and started selling to Muslim markets in Asia. When the recession hit many of her European customers went under, but thanks to the halal certification and her Muslim Asian customers the company stayed in business. All her products are organic and vegan so this is an example of where the Muslim consumer kept a vegan friendly company in business continuing to allow it the possibility of selling to non-Muslim markets.
In any case, if one in three people on this planet is going to be a Muslim in the very near future then there is no way the vegan movement itself can succeed if it ignores this giant community.
This has become a controversial issue with quite a lot of people and companies being accused of just putting the word halal on any product in an attempt to push it more. For example Sheikh Haitham of the Islamic Sharia Council of Britain stated:
"Sometimes people misuse or abuse this word and put halal on any product. I've seen the word halal stamped on fish and this is ridiculous"
This no doubt this is going to become a much bigger problem in the future. It may well be worthwhile western vegan businesses getting halal certification but then you may be seen as getting on some sort of bandwagon which doesn't really suit the vegan image. Personally I think it would probably be better if the vegan society did a second logo which signifies that a product is free of alcohol as well as animal products. As far as I'm aware anything that is vegan is halal as long as it does not contain alcohol. Also a lot of vegans are straightedges so they may also wish to avoid alcohol as a by product as well. Also halal product authorities still exist primarily to give the green light to certain types of meat including that made by major animal abusers such as KFC. For a vegan business to get involved with such organisations could be detrimental to their ethics so it may be more advisable to simply make it clear that your products contain no alcohol as well as no animal products.
RISING POPULATIONS AND SENSIBLE USE OF FOOD RESOURCES
One of the strongest arguments for veganism is that of preventing human starvation. With it taking 16 pounds of grain to produce one pound of beef, an international community that may soon make up one third of the world population cannot afford to ignore such a reality. With such a large group having a shared identity it may well be easier for a vegan message to spread within it than it would for it to spread in a lot of smaller communities. But ultimately if such a high population is to have a sustainable food resource then adopting an increasingly more/largely based/or indeed absolutely plant based diet will be critical.
YOUTH AND WOMEN
As mentioned in the description of the radio program, half of the world Muslim population is under 25. It has often been said in the vegan movement that it is easier to reach out to a younger audience than one that has become set in its ways. Peta has for a while had a parallel organisation set up, Peta2 which was pacifically created to target young audiences. A global community population of under 25's approaching 1 billion already compelled to be more discerning about what they consume through a spiritual commitment would appear to be an audience easier to communicate with than let's a say a middle aged, middle class secular type of community which still holds sway in the west.
When western consumerism (good and bad) truly started to take off in the 1960's women were a target market that was really opening up. Whether they were single independent women or housewives, there were clearly a vast number of products that could be sold to them regardless of what part of the modern – traditional spectrum they were at. Parallel to the Muslim consumer appears to be rising the Muslim entrepreneur. In a world where the entrepreneur can thrive so can groups that are often oppressed by overly traditional societies. Along with the already mentioned Dr Mah, it appears particularly in the cosmetic industry Muslim business women are making an impact. It is good for the vegan movement that women get more independence to choose what they want because along with the hypothesis that younger people are more likely to be vegan it is clearly a fact that women are more likely to be vegan. The prospect of Muslim vegan cosmetics biting a chunk out of the traditional animal unfriendly cosmetic industry is an appealing one.
For Islam itself a future from this perspective would seem positive. With a rise of young Muslim and female Muslim entrepreneurs, it would help Islam shed the image of being male dominated and entropically traditionalistic. If Islam were to embrace veganism more then it would greatly dilute cheap shot accusations of animal cruelty from western critics who themselves are guzzling hens and pigs that were boiled alive.
Originally posted by Herbivore Lion
« Opinion: More than just a blip on the virtual landscape
USA: How 'Millennials' Are Changing Food as We Know It »

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Both profound both strong statements and both important for a very different reason.
Let's start with "what would you do if no one told you couldn't"
First off fact is as adults who need someone else's permission to do anything especially as creatives, and let me be clear that is the voice I am using my creative voice. We should never wait for anyone's permission or approval to do the things we want and to create the art or projects we want to create. So to hell with what everyone else thinks or has to say just do it, Whatever it is!
Now "what would you do if you knew you could not fail"
For me this is total BS it's like dreaming about winning the lottery but never buying a ticket. Failing is a part of life fear of failure should motivate you not scare you or hold you back. Trust me as a guy who has held himself back numerous times for fear of failure, but there is something important here. When I don't let fear of failure stop me, I do one of two things. I merely, succeed, or I fail, and if I fail, I learn from the failure, and I try again then I succeed!
Here is the most important lesson I take from these. As artists, we tend to be the ones spending time convincing ourselves we can not do something or that we are doomed to fail long before anyone else says a word. And in my experience, the vast majority of people around us could not care less about what we do or if we are going to fail.
I am more guilty of this than most, and I am more than happy to own it. And in writing this, I am just convincing myself to say the hell with what everyone else thinks I am going to do what I want and I WILL SUCCEED!


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Q: Send email to address windows phone I'm trying to code for a click event of a button where the textbox strings are sent to the email entered in a textbox. The best solution I have found so far is this but the using directive using System.Net.Mail; isn't recognised in eclipse, not sure if this is because I'm developing for Windows Phone? How would I modify this code to suit the windows Phone SDK as I'm thinking the host could be resolved by setting it to the devices network. Or does anyone have a better solution of achieving this?
using System.Net.Mail;

Write the following code in the click event of send button:
MailMessage objMailMessage = new MailMessage("from@abc.com", "to@abc.com", "subject", textbox.Text);

SmtpClient objSmtpClient = new SmtpClient();
objSmtpClient.UseDefaultCredentials = true;
objSmtpClient.Host = "000.00.0.00";
objSmtpClient.Port = 25;
objSmtpClient.Send(objMailMessage);

A snapshot of what my interface looks like:

A: Use the native email task
using Microsoft.Phone.Tasks;
EmailComposeTask emailComposeTask = new EmailComposeTask();

emailComposeTask.Subject = "message subject";
emailComposeTask.Body = "Append all your control strings here";
emailComposeTask.To = "recipient@example.com";
emailComposeTask.Cc = "cc@example.com";
emailComposeTask.Bcc = "bcc@example.com";

emailComposeTask.Show();

A: No, you cannot send mail using that library - it isn't supported on the platform. What you should use is EmailComposeTask for sending mails.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Apple to transform iPhone by eliminating the concept of the Home button, replacing with gestures, and more
Wednesday, August 30, 2017 8:28 am 7 Comments
"Apple Inc. plans to transform the way people use its next high-end iPhone by eliminating the concept of a home button and making other adjustments to a flagship device that's becoming almost all screen, according to images of the new device viewed by Bloomberg News and people familiar with the gadget.," Mark Gurman reports for Bloomberg. "The home button is the key to the iPhone and the design hasn't changed much since it launched in 2007."
"In the new, high-end iPhone, Apple also plans a taller screen with rounded corners, a cutout at the top of the display for the camera and sensors, and new antenna locations, the images show," Gurman reports. "Across the bottom of the screen there's a thin, software bar in lieu of the home button. A user can drag it up to the middle of the screen to open the phone. When inside an app, a similar gesture starts multitasking. From here, users can continue to flick upwards to close the app and go back to the home screen. An animation in testing sucks the app back into its icon. The multitasking interface has been redesigned to appear like a series of standalone cards that can be swiped through, versus the stack of cards on current iPhones, the images show."
[protected-iframe id="9693a96a019b9ca8f83775d5c463e9eb-17146794-18685410″ info="https://www.bloomberg.com/api/embed/iframe?id=3719743b-b4fa-4ed4-852a-ba7bd57b81b2″ frameborder="0″]
"The new model's overall size will be similar to that of the iPhone 7, but it will include an OLED screen that is slightly larger than the one on the iPhone 7 Plus (5.5-inches)," Gurman reports. "The new screen is rounded on the corners, while current iPhone screens have square corners… The screen is also noticeably taller than the iPhone 7 Plus's screen, meaning it could show more of a web page or additional text messages, the people said. The phone will still have six vertical rows of apps, showing 24 icons on each page, excluding the dock, a grey bar at the bottom that houses commonly used apps. The dock is redesigned with a new interface similar to the one on the iPad version of iOS 11, the images show."
Read more in the full article here.
MacDailyNews Take: R.I.P., Home button! We're going to have some relearning to do soon, but we can't wait to have displays larger than our iPhone 7 Plus units in iPhone 7-sized devices!
Apple's leaked firmware suggests 'iPhone 8' with split status bar, no Touch ID under display, and function area – August 1, 2017
iPhone 8 concept shows how cool a 'Function Area' could be – May 4, 2017
Ming-Chi Kuo: 5.8-inch iPhone 8 to offer 5.15-inch usable screen space with new 'function area' – February 16, 2017
ChoppedLiver
Wednesday, August 30, 2017 at 9:18 am
Be it ever so humble, there's no place like the Home button.
macnificentseven48
Even if the physical home button goes away, a virtual home button should be just as useful especially if it only shows up as you put your finger over that area. Farewell to the chin bezel on the high-end iPhone and the chin bezel will likely disappear on the other iPhones in 2018.
DMJ
Please let me keep the form factor of my humble but excellent iPhone 5SE.
Wednesday, August 30, 2017 at 12:12 pm
from a person with good vision … I need the billboard size please.
No bitching from MDN that the wings at the top won't be blacked out?
I think MDN will be pleasantly apprised… 😉
So back to HyperCard?
Leave a Reply to R2	Cancel reply
Tags: function area, Home Button, iOS 11, iOS 11 Dock, iPhone, multitasking


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<!DOCTYPE html>

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Mesa Capital Partners has completed another round of fund raising to continue its multifamily acquisition and development strategy. Mesa has secured an additional $80 million in equity capital from BMCC Investment Group to pursue approximately $250 million in additional acquisitions and new developments over the next 15 months. Mesa will focus on acquiring existing "ageing A" apartment communities with attractive current yields and continue to invest in joint venture green field developments with experienced multifamily development sponsors.
Since inception in 2010, Mesa has acquired, developed, or sold over 15,000 apartment units totaling over $1.2 billion in asset value. Mesa remains bullish on the multi-family market after a very successful 2015, having completed 18 transactions totaling $500 million in transaction volume. The company has expanded its Southeastern footprint to include assets in Greenville, SC, Charleston, SC Birmingham, AL, Jacksonville, FL, Little Rock, AR, Charlotte, NC, and Asheville, NC. Mesa's current joint venture development partnerships include both Birmingham based LIV Development and Atlanta based Hathaway Development Partners.
In addition to 6 new investments in 2015, Mesa sold 11 assets totaling $300 million including Seagrass, a 396 unit new multifamily development in Jacksonville, FL and Gallery, a 378 unit 1984 vintage asset in Marietta, GA. Seagrass was acquired in 2013 during the construction process and prior to lease up. Mesa found an opportunity to acquire a well located asset below replacement cost and leverage Mesa's experience to complete the development and lease up of the property. Mesa sold the asset within 14 months of acquisition with very favorable results. Gallery was sold within 18 months following acquisition and an extensive renovation program that led to significant returns to the partnership.
Mesa Partners, Tom Bell, Jeff Tucker and Zach Schaumburg investment thesis is that economic and demographic trends continue to favor the multi-family industry with an increasing number of Baby Boomers and Millennials choosing to rent rather than buy. The effect of these market conditions creates extremely favorable multifamily fundamentals that continue to support investment and development in select markets throughout the Southeast. Mesa believes these fundamentals will continue to provide investment opportunities throughout 2016-2017 to support its record of exceptional returns to its investors.
Mesa Capital Partners is a multi-family investment firm based in Atlanta, Georgia founded by Tom Bell as Chairman and Jeff Tucker as Managing Partner that makes multi-family real estate investments on behalf of the firm's principals and private investors. Mesa sources, evaluates, and underwrites multifamily development and acquisition opportunities throughout the Southeast. Mesa offers a hands-on approach; uniquely able to manage and execute value-add services, improved management, asset re-habilitation, re-development, and/or repositioning programs.


Below are some resources that may help you through the financial aid process. These include cost calculators, publications, a glossary, and more.
This page includes many of the forms available in the Office of Financial Aid for you to download, fill out, and submit.
These helpful calculators will allow you to estimate the total cost of your education, your FAFSA results, loan payments, and more. You may also use these calculators to create savings plans.
View several publications that explain the terms and conditions of your aid, the Satisfactory Academic Progress Policy, and other important information.
This glossary defines many important financial aid terms.
Have questions about the financial aid process? These FAQs may answer them!
In accordance with federal regulations set forth by The Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, a summary of consumer information must be made available to all enrolled students atUM-Flint. This information may be viewed on our Consumer Information page.
This page includes a few additional resources you might find helpful. Links to web sites outside UM-Flint do not constitute an endorsement by the Office of Financial Aid of the sites' sponsors or of the products presented on the sites.


I just got back from lunch at Chevy's with a c0-worker that I like a lot. Hearing about some of the issues she has with her boss makes me appreciate mine all the more. He's such a decent, smart and moral family man -- which really makes my life as a full time working mom that much easier, because he gets that I'm trying to keep a balance. Work is my priority because I support my family, but my family is my priority, too. That's not always an easy juggle, and I really think it's different for a woman than for a man. Not necessarily 100% all of the time, but usually. I feel so torn to be a good mother to my kids, and I know I'm doing that even when I'm at work all day, keeping a roof over their heads. But I can't help but wish I was doing it by volunteering in their classrooms every week, picking them up from school every afternoon and helping them with their homework. I'm able to do those things now and then, but certainly not on a regular basis. Hopefully they remember those moments and carry them through their day.
We had some fun family time this weekend. A nearby town had an art and wine festival, so we packed up two kids and one Husky to go and take a look around. I bought a fabulous calendar from Ro, drank some yummy wine and got indigestion from some greasy food. (Okay, not everything was perfect.) Bringing Simba with us made it all the more fun -- I can't believe the number of conversations we have with total strangers when he's there. People want to know what kind of dog it is, is it male or female, how old he is and how is his temperament? They always oooh and aaah over his eyes (who doesn't?) and enjoy petting him. Meanwhile, he couldn't be more disinterested. He's very ho-hum about people. His whole demeanor screams, "Yeah, whatever." I'm glad he's more lovey with us at home, but not when there are other dogs around to be sniffed, and there were plenty on Sunday.
Another purchase on Sunday, besides some Pokemon cards for the boy, was a mini-guitar for my daughter. She's been asking for one for a while, but of course being almost five, she's not quite ready for a big ol' Gibson. The guitars they had were exact miniatures of a full sized one, and only $15. This was not a tough decision. She strummed the rest of the day, and I even caught her rocking out on her bed, giving her stuffed animals quite a show. I'll have to post that later tonight. Now to teach her (and me) some chords. I've always wanted to learn the guitar, and this could be our chance.
I know I'm biased but I think huskies are the most beautiful of all the dogs:) We don't take them out with us anymore since we've had kids but when we did, they attracted a lot of attention. Howard, with his blue eyes, was always a hit with the ladies!
What a beautiful dog :) My sister had a husky, my kids wanted to trade her for our barky dogs :) Huskies are awesome in the demeanor area. And they are sooo great with kids!


The reach of the Internet of Things (IoT) is growing wider and more influential as smart sensors become smaller and less expensive. For that reason, it's essential for design engineers of all types to learn about the variety of sensors that are hitting the market.
How and why design engineers should consider the IoT for their products.
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Tracy Hobson Lehmann Aug. 14, 2015 Updated: Aug. 14, 2015 1:36 p.m.
Two musicians-turned-gardeners are learning as they grow at an East Side community garden that's a laboratory for cultivating new practices.
Who's sowing: Jorge Gonzalez, drummer for Pop Pistol and Nina Diaz, and Brian Gordon, bass player for Se Tu Propio Dios, never had grown vegetables successfully before volunteering at Roots of Change Urban Garden. Now, they have become project leaders for the garden on the city's near East Side.
Gonzalez is contracted to work 10 hours a week at the garden, a project of the Southwest Workers Union and part of the Green Spaces Alliance community gardens network.
Gordon, who originally volunteered to help build an outdoor kitchen at the site off East Commerce Street, works 20 hours a week.
What's growing: Chiles, okra and Egyptian spinach shrug off the brutal summer heat as most of the garden waits for cooler temperatures and a fresh season.
A few Swiss chard plants defied high temperatures, but leaves turned bitter, Gonzalez said.
Summer herbs such as basil and epazote grow along with Egyptian spinach, a leafy green that stands more than 6 feet tall and produces tiny yellow flowers. The leaves taste similar to spinach and can be cooked or tossed into salad mix. Most often, Gordon said, volunteers just munch leaves while they work.
Pomegranates are beginning to ripen on a bushy tree along the fence, and still-green lemons cling to branches of small citrus trees. A bay tree dense with flavorful leaves thrives under the shade of a native pecan.
What's to savor: Volunteers trade labor for produce. In spring and early summer, they took home tomatoes, beans, onions, carrots and cucumbers.
Gonzalez said he tosses a couple of chile pequins into basil pesto to give it a South Texas spin. And he enjoys tossing together "a power salad" when leafy greens are ready for harvest.
Gordon said an outdoor kitchen should be complete in a few weeks, and local chefs will lead cooking classes that focus on using the harvest.
Change of seasons: Cooler weather will bring spinach, broccoli, cauliflower, carrots and radishes. Lettuces and other leafy greens have enjoyed success in fall and winter, too, Gonzalez said.
Lay of the land: About an acre located behind the Southwest Workers Union building is filling gradually with different types of gardens.
The project began with six raised beds of varying sizes under a pecan tree directly behind the building. Five more raised beds sit in an adjacent sunny spot.
Stretching out: Permaculture practices are being put into place in open space to the south toward Idaho Street. There, eight hugelkultur beds serve as labs in the German technique in which soil is mounded over tree trunks and dried materials. Plants, which grow on the tops and sides of the mound, shade the soil and prevent erosion.
Workers gathered pieces of tree trunks from neighborhood brush pickup piles and laid them in long lines. They topped the logs with twigs, leaves, compost and other dry material. After covering the skeleton of the mound with about 3 inches of soil, volunteers added a layer of mulch and plants. The dry material under the garden feeds the soil as it decomposes.
"The idea is to have things aerated inside," Gordon said. The mounds — from 8 to 12 feet long, 3 feet wide and about 2 feet high — retain moisture better than raised beds. Gonzalez said the hugelkultur plantings can go about a day and a half longer than raised beds between waterings.
Cultivation practices: Organic practices rule the garden. Workers spray off insects with soapy water. Compost cooks in a three-section bin crafted from discarded pallets.
Gordon and Gonzalez nurture basil, eggplant and tomato seedlings in pots that draw consistent moisture from capillary pads. Pots sit on the pads that are placed in trays filled with water.
Water wise: Drip irrigation lines run through beds. In one of the raised beds, volunteers installed an olla system created by ceramics artist Diana Kersey. The 2-inch-diameter porous pipes snake under the soil, seeping water directly to roots.
Two 55-gallon barrels capture rainwater from a balcony of the Southwest Workers Union building, and that water goes on garden beds.
Email suggestions for Sow, Grow, Savor to Home & Garden Editor Tracy Hobson Lehmann, tlehmann@express-news.net.


text:
Abdul Mansaray (ur. 26 listopada 1961) –  sierraleoński   lekkoatleta specjalizujący się w biegach sprinterskich, reprezentant Sierra Leone na Letnich Igrzyskach 1984 w Los Angeles w sztafecie 4 x 100 m.

W sztafecie 4 x 100 m. wystartował w składzie z: Davidem Sawyerrem, Felixem Sandy oraz Ivanem Benjaminem. Kadra Sierra Leone ukończyła bieg z czasem 40.77. Gorszy rezultat od sierraleońskiej drużyny uzyskała tylko kadra Liberii, która ukończyła bieg z czasem 42.05.

Nie reprezentował swojego kraju w biegach indywidualnych.

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

Sierraleońscy sprinterzy
Sierraleońscy olimpijczycy
Uczestnicy Letnich Igrzysk Olimpijskich 1984
Urodzeni w 1961

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Liz Thatcher
New Children's Film 'Epic' Promotes Same Universalist Theme
May 24th, 2013 1:54 PM
Families looking for a children's movie this Memorial Weekend don't have many options. "Epic," a new film out on May 24, is one of the few. At the surface, this seemed like a sweet movie about estranged daughter M.K. (Amanda Seyfried) reconnecting with her distracted father (Jason Sudeikis). At the core, however, was a more subtle, New Age-y universalist theme.
Viewers are introduced to an alternative universe of little people that dwell and protect the forest. Queen Tara (Beyoncé Knowles) is about to pick a new heir to her throne in order to continue to protect the forest from the evil Boggans, whose sole purpose is to destroy and kill the forest.
During the ceremony for Tara to pick her new heir, the Boggans attack and Ronin (Colin Farrell), the head of the Leafmen who protect the Queen and the forest, intervenes and tries to rescue her. His attempt fails, and Tara dies – but as she is dying, she shrinks M.K. and brings her into the Forest world to help protect the heir and save the forest.
After Tara's death, Ronin reflects on it and tells M.K. that everyone is connected. "We're all individuals, but we're all connected." Ah yes, universalism made simple.
Overall, the movie is simplistic and rather boring. The plot moves slowly and is painfully predictable. The critics weren't fans of "Epic," either. The Chicago Tribune referred to the plot as a recycled mix of "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and the 1992 environmental cartoon "Ferngully: The Last Rainforest." The Wrap called the movie a "pre-school" version of James Cameron's film "Avatar" which also has strong universalist themes. Variety concluded that the film did not live up to its title because "Epic" is "one of the last words most viewers would use to describe the film."


text:
General election 2019: New MP Jonathan Gullis pledges to 'work his bum off' after winning big in Stoke-on-Trent North
Defeated Labour candidate Ruth Smeeth has slammed Jeremy Corbyn's leadership
Phil Corrigan
New Stoke-on-Trent North MP Jonathan Gullis
Conservative Jonathan Gullis secured a crushing victory over Labour in Stoke-on-Trent North – with Brexit a key factor behind the result.
The Leave-supporting Tory won comfortably in a seat which had one of the highest Brexit votes in the country in the 2016 EU referendum.
Ruth Smeeth polled 14,688 votes. But that was eclipsed by the 20,974 votes polled by Tory challenger Jonathan Gullis who wiped out the 2,359 - or five per cent - majority.
The Liberal Democrat candidate, Peter Andras, took 1,268 votes, the Green Party's Alan Borgars garnered 508 votes, and The Brexit Party's Richard Watkin managed 2,374 votes.
Independent candidate Matt Dilworth - who branded himself as a Labour-Leaver - managed 322 votes.
Ms Smeeth was first elected in 2015 after taking over from ex-Labour MP Joan Walley. She was elected with a 3,399 majority in 2015.
While Ms Smeeth and her colleague Gareth Snell had voted in favour of Boris Johnson's Brexit deal and opposed a second referendum, this was the opposite of Labour's official stance.
Stoke-on-Trent North's new MP was not a typical Tory parliamentary candidate, being both a teacher and his school's NASUWT trade union representative.
General Election 2019: Labour WIPED out in Stoke-on-Trent as city gets three Tory MPs
Mr Gullis actually had to return to his day job at a Birmingham secondary school this morning, just hours after his election win.
The 29-year-old, who joined the Conservatives as a teenager, said he was determined to repay voters for electing him as their MP.
He said: "I tragically signed up as if I was some footballer signing a contract. My mother is Tory, my father was a Lib Dem, he's now a Tory since the coalition and my step-dad was Labour, so I grew up with all three in my household.
Defeated Labour candidate Ruth Smeeth
"I'm absolutely over the moon to even have had the shot for Stoke-on-Trent North, from a young age all I've wanted to do is make a difference in people's lives.
"That's why I became a teacher, and the reason I want to be an MP is to do it on a much larger scale. I know I've set myself a very big challenge, a lot of people have lent me their vote from the Labour Party.
"Let's be frank, they might only lend it to me once. So I've now got to work my bum off to make sure that they stay with me in say hopefully five years time.
"My dad failed school and went back to that school to be a cleaner and did night school, he ended up working hard to get himself a masters from Durham.
"My mum was off a council estate in London and got herself into a grammar school. I'm not saying we have had the hardest life in the world, I have certainly had many more advantages than many other people.
General election 2019: Conservative Jo Gideon pulls off shock of the night to win Stoke-on-Trent Central by just 690 votes
General Election 2019: Conservatives win Newcastle for first time in 139 years
"But my family kept me grounded, my grandfather was a lorry driver, other grandfather worked for Royal Mail.
"Both armed forces veterans as well. My grandfather's uncle is actually a D-Day veteran and is still alive today so it means a hell of a lot to me to show my family in a good light and keep the Gullis name proud."
Ms Smeeth had served as Labour MP for Stoke-on-Trent North since 2015, and had been an outspoken critic of Mr Corbyn.
She believes there should now be a 'battle for the heart and soul' of the party – and vowed to fight on as a Labour member.
Ruth Smeeth and Jonathan Gullis
Last month Ms Smeeth revealed that a death threat had been hand-delivered to her constituency office during the election campaign. She has previously been the target of antisemitic abuse.
Ms Smeeth said: "I put this result down to three factors. Our appalling leadership - I don't think anyone who reads The Sentinel will be surprised to hear me say that.
"Our position on Brexit, which was nonsense, which is why I hadn't supported it. And also, the fact that my party is struggling with a level of racism that is disgusting. Jeremy Corbyn should take the blame, and he should resign.
"I'm going to stay and fight in Labour, and I will only leave if I feel there's nothing left fighting for. We're going to have a leadership and deputy leadership contest, and for me, it will be a battle for the heart and soul of the Labour Party.
"There are genuine questions about whether the Labour Party has a right to exist, who do we exist to represent? What is the point of us? Unless someone can answer those questions the Labour Party won't be here.
General Election 2019: Stoke-on-Trent South MP Jack Brereton increases majority to whopping 11,271 votes
General Election 2019: Labour's Gareth Snell loses Stoke-on-Trent Central seat to Tories
"The Labour Party has always been a broad church. We have always represented the likes of Manchester and some of our industrial heartlands, and at the same time we've represented London.
"It's how you balance that coalition, going forward. I describe this as Daily Mirror readers versus Guardian readers, and we have gone way too far to the Guardian. I have always sought to represent the Mirror."
Beyond delivering Brexit, Mr Gullis says one of his priorities as Stoke-on-Trent North's new MP is regeneration.
Jonathan Gullis
He said: "My big ambitions are Chatterley Whitfield, we have to get money, the Government have to take notice of this amazing site. If it wasn't for Chatterley Whitfield the potbanks wouldn't be firing. So we need to get the five named buildings funded, restored and opened up as a museum.
"We also need to get some free schools in the area. My job is to go and sell this area, to get more school places in. More parental choice.
General Election 2019: Tory Karen Bradley wins 'second Brexit referendum' to retain Staffordshire Moorlands seat
General Election 2019: Veteran Tory Bill Cash is back in Parliament - at age of 79!
"I also want to see investment in our roads. Look, the potholes are a disgrace. Boris has pledged £2bn for potholes, my job is to work with the council to see if we need to re-lay certain roads because they're not in a good state. Finally it's about the jobs. I want to be the heart of the tech revolution with Silicon Stoke."
Richard Watkin, of the Brexit Party, finished a distant third in Stoke-on-Trent North, with 2,374 votes. Peter Andras, of the Lib Dems, came fourth; Alan Borgars, of the Greens, came fifth, and independent Matt Dilworth came sixth.
Election Results live
326 needed for majority
Boris Johnson, Conservatives
Jeremy Corbyn, Labour
Nicola Sturgeon, SNP
Jo Swinson, Lib Dems
DUP - 8
Sinn Fein - 7
Plaid Cymru - 4
Green - 1
Speaker - 1
Gareth Snell
Jack Brereton
Things to do in Staffordshire12 of the best things to eat in North Staffordshire for under a fiver
Feeling peckish?


text:
Iran blames 'errors' of outsiders for rise of ISIL
In what was seen as veiled reference to Israel and the United States, Rouhani blamed the rise of violent extremists on outside influences.
World Bulletin/News Desk
Iran President Hassan Rouhani blamed the rise of the ISIL group and other militants on "certain intelligence agencies" but also said the solution to stopping them must come from the Middle East region itself.
"The extremists of the world have found each other and have put out the call, 'extremists of the world unite'. But are we united against the extremists?" Rouhani asked in a speech to the 193-member United Nations General Assembly on Thursday.
The comments are among the strongest yet by predominantly Shi'ite Iran on the meteoric rise of the Sunni militant group and suggest arch-foes Iran and the United States have a shared interest in confronting the threat after decades of enmity.
They follow a back-and-forth between Tehran and Washington over what role Iran can play in the emerging U.S.-led campaign against ISIL militants who have seized swathes of Iraq and Syria.
While the United States has repeatedly ruled out military "coordination" with Iran against ISIL, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry said last Friday during a U.N. Security Council session on Iraq that he believed Tehran could play some role.
In what was seen as veiled reference to Israel and the United States, Rouhani blamed the rise of violent extremists on outside influences. "Certain intelligence agencies have put blades in the hand of madmen, who now spare no one," Rouhani said.
"All those who have played a role in founding and supporting these terror groups must acknowledge their errors," he said.
A day earlier, U.S. President Barack Obama used the U.N. podium to state his case for a more forceful, coordinated global response against ISIL that would seek to dismantle what he called a "network of death."
But Rouhani suggested that the United States and its allies were the problem, not the solution, and should let Middle Eastern governments deal with the threat.
"The strategic blunders of the West in the Middle East, Central Asia and the Caucuses have turned these parts of the world into a haven for terrorists and extremists," he said.
For Iran's clerical rulers, the crisis over ISIL poses strategic and geopolitical challenges to Tehran's "dream of forming a so-called Shi'ite Crescent" that extends from Iran to Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon, say analysts and diplomats.
Some Iranian officials see the crisis in Iraq as an opportunity for Tehran, arguing that the hostility between Washington and Tehran has hurt both states and played into the hands of the extremists.
"HOPEFUL" OF NUCLEAR DEAL
Despite his dismissive remarks towards the West, Iran has quietly made overtures to the United States and its allies on combating ISIL. Several Iranian officials told Reuters last week that Iran would like the West to make concessions in nuclear talks with Tehran as a reward for fighting the group.
In Thursday's speech, Rouhani said securing a long-term nuclear accord that would end sanctions against Tehran in exchange for curbing its atomic program would be the "beginning of multilateral collaboration aimed at promoting security, peace and development in our region and beyond."
The much-anticipated speech was in contrast to last year when Rouhani appeared at the General Assembly as Iran's new "moderate" leader, making a splash by telling the world Tehran posed no threat and offering immediate talks aimed at removing any "reasonable concerns" over his country's nuclear program.
Fast-forward a year: nuclear talks between Iran and six world powers have not collapsed but they are at an impasse.
On the current round of talks in New York on the sidelines of the General Assembly this week, Rouhani said the negotiations have taken place "with seriousness and optimism on both sides."
The talks between Iran and the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Russia and China are expected to continue until Friday. Diplomats say a breakthrough is unlikely, even though a Nov. 24 deadline for a deal is only two months away.
Rouhani said he was hopeful there would be a nuclear deal in the "short amount of time left." He said Iran is committed to maintaining its uranium enrichment program, the biggest sticking point in the negotiations, and warned that delaying a deal would have economic costs for everyone.
He added that the securing a long-term nuclear accord that would end sanctions against Tehran in exchange for curbing its atomic program would be the "beginning of multilateral collaboration aimed at promoting security, peace and development in our region and beyond."
Iranian officials last week said that Tehran was ready to work with Western powers to stop ISIL militants, who have taken over substantial territory in Syria and Iraq, but would like concessions on Tehran's uranium enrichment program in return.
Last Mod: 25 Eylül 2014, 22:55
#iran,
#Iran nuclear talks,
#ISIL,
#Hassan Rouhani
Yemen rebels claim attack on Saudi airport
Iran urges probe into ship attacks near UAE waters
Who is disturbed by Turkey's presence on Sudan's Suakin island?
Nuclear deal: Iran vows uranium enrichment
Iranian oil dilemma for Turkey and India


text:
Homolochunia valdiviae Doflein, 1904
Forges, Bertrand Richer De & Ng, Peter K. L., 2008, New western Pacific records of Homolidae De Haan, 1839, with descriptions of new species of Homolochunia Doflein, 1904, and Latreillopsis Henderson, 1888 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), Zootaxa 1967, pp. 1-35 : 6
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D987DC-FFAF-9C0A-FF4F-FB4307B5F85B
( Figs. 3A, B, 4A, 5A, B, 6A)
Homolochunia valdiviae Doflein, 1904: 22 , pl. 1, fig. 1–2, pl. 9, fig. 1–8, pl. 10, fig. 1–2, pl. 43, fig. 1, pl. 49, fig. 3, pl. 51, fig. 2.
Homolochunia valdiviae – Ihle 1913: 65, fig. 33. — Gordon 1950: 224, fig. 18A–C. — Griffin & Brown 1976: 250. — Kensley 1981a: 60. — Kensley 1981b: 37. — Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981: 549, fig. 4K, 6A1, A2, pl. 5, fig. 1, 1a–d. — Guinot & Richer de Forges 1995: 430: fig. 50c–d, 51a–c. — Ng et al. 2008: 40.
Material examined. Indonesia: Mollucas , KARUBAR cruise, stn. CC 21, 5°14'S 133°00'E, 688–694 m, 25 October 1991: 1 male (24.6 x 18.4 mm) ( MNHN-B 22486 ) GoogleMaps . Madagascar: stn. 37, 12°51'S 48°06.3'E, 675–705 m, coll. A. Crosnier, 14 December 1972: 1 male (33.8 x 24.1 mm) ( MNHN-B 7019 ) GoogleMaps .
Remarks. Homolochunia valdiviae was described from off east Africa ( Doflein 1904). It was later recorded from Madagascar, Seychelles and Indonesia ( Ihle 1913; Gordon 1950; Griffin & Brown 1976; Kensley 1981a, b). Guinot & Richer de Forges (1995), in their revision of the family, recognised specimens identified as this species from Japan ( Sakai 1955; Miyake 1983; Nagai 1994) as a new species, H. gadaletae Richer de Forges & Guinot, 1995 . These two species are easily differentiated by the shape of the subcheliform P5 ( H. valdiviae : Fig. 6A; H . gadaletae: Fig 6C). This species lives on muddy bottoms, between 400 and 1000 m, depths which are relatively deeper than that reported for H. gadaletae which is 150 to 250 m.
Malacostraca
Homolidae
Homolochunia
Forges, Bertrand Richer De & Ng, Peter K. L. 2008
Homolochunia valdiviae
Ng, P. K. L. & Guinot, D. & Davie, P. J. F. 2008: 40
Guinot, D. & Richer de Forges, B. 1995: 430
Kensley, B. F. 1981: 60
Guinot, D. & B. Richer de Forges 1981: 549
Griffin, D. J. G. & Brown, D. E. 1976: 250
Gordon, I. 1950: 224
Ihle, J. E. W. 1913: 65
Doflein, F. 1904: 22
Darwin Core Archive (for parent article) Plain XML RDF


Castelle's collections are inspired by a sophisticated yet casual sense of lifestyle. It's about creating a beautiful retreat, a place to enjoy and share, a reflection of you. These collections are designed with the idea that your outdoor living space is just as important as your indoor living space. Inspired by nature yet made of aluminum, every piece of Castelle's outdoor furniture is individually crafted by our artisans. Hand painted, faux finished and hand polished, creating deep hues and textures found in exotic and natural materials. These outdoor furnishings are rich with details of lush settings and inspired destinations. We are pleased to offer a palette of styles, finishes and fabrics that are both traditional and trend setting to fit your beautiful home.


The Dan Marshall Pack and Multiplayer Map Pack are Now Available forBinary Domain on Steam!
The Dan Marshall Packincludes a brand new weapon and skills for Sergeant Dan Marshall to enhance the single player experience making him more resilient, stronger and faster in combat action.
The Multiplayer Map Pack includes an exclusive map, a new ninja class for each team and two exclusive weapons, all to be used in a variety of the multiplayer modes of Binary Domain.
Set in futuristic Tokyo, you mission is to bring the robotic community under control as they begin to infiltrate society and slowly take over undetected, leaving humans redundant in their wake.
Binary Domain is Now Available on Steam!
Please check the game page to see release times for your region.


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Connor Ball is the bass guitarist and one of the backing vocals of The Vamps. In this Connor Ball Snapchat Name, we will see a short brief on this singer, his Snapchat username and also the latest update on him.
Connor was born on 15th March 1996 in Scotland. He hails from England. As we mentioned before, he is the bass guitar player of The Vamps band and also a backing vocalist. Connor was the last member to join the group.
The Snapchat Username of Connor Ball is conb1996.
In this year only, Connor along with his band The Vamps recorded a different version of the song Kung Fu Fighting for the Kung Fu Panda 3 movie. And recently last month Connor shared a solo cover for The Judge track with a bit of Stressed Out lyrics. And fans are loving it!
That's all for this post on Connor Ball Snapchat Name and hope you guys had a good time reading it. If you want to get more updates on celebs and their Snapchat stories, keep visiting our page Celebrity Snapchat!


Want to feel easy and breezy?
The slim silhouette has held court for quite some time now, but this season saw the welcome of wider legs.
We asked 5 guys what they thought about 5 of this season's hottest fashion trends. What we discovered just might surprise you!
Trouser silhouettes aren't the only ones expanding this spring. Get your 70s fix with wide leg jeans.
Spring's new mix of proportions mark a fundamental change in silhouette. Here's a primer on three of the most excitingly fresh looks.
Give your skinnies a rest with these chic wide leg pants for every budget.
Whitney Port, Kim Kardashian, and other celebs are already stepping out in spring's top trends.
Spring 2011 is a hot one for the 70s style pant, a favorite amongst many designers.


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1. BLANKNYC, Embroidered Faux Leather Moto Jacket: I love a good leather jacket for fall, especially one thats on sale! I borrowed this jacket from @blondieonthego a few weeks back and got so many complements on it! You would never believe its faux leather and I love the stud detailing! This jacket was marked at $168 and is now marked down to $100.80!
2. Topshop, Jamie Embroidered High Waist Skinny Jeans: I love these embroidered jeans! I have a pair from Zara (that they no longer have online) that look just like these but they aren't quite as cute. These jeans are marked at $95.00, which I thought was a pretty good price for embroidered jeans!
4. Band of Gypsies, Abstract Floral Bouquet Bodysuit: This bodysuit is so fun and flirty! I thought it was a great find for the price, $69. Personally, I would wear this bodysuit with high waisted flared jeans or skinny jeans...I also like the velvet bell bottoms Revolve paired it with.
5. LPA, Jacket 618: You guys, how cute is this!?! I feel like I might have to buy this jacket 🙊...and that fur collar is just to die for! 😍 This jacket would be great to throw over your shoulders with leggings and a workout top to run errands in or dress it up with heels and some skinny jeans for a night on the town! This jacket will run you $238.
6. Jeffery Campbell, Total Ankle Bootie: I'm sure some of you are thinking this is taking the floral trend too far but I'd have to agree to disagree. I haven't seen any booties like these and I'm not gana lie, I am currently crushing pretty hard! These booties will run you $189.95.
7. Topshop, Kimono Embroidered Sweatshirt: Ok, I'm sure you all have seen lots of embroidered sweatshirts on your favorite bloggers but this one stood out to me...and it's officially in my Nordstrom online shopping cart 🙊! It is marked at $125.
8. Lovers + Friends, FELICITY MINI: How cute is this mini dress, y'all?!? I love the sleeves! This dress will cost you $188.
This Nicholas dress was my first look for my shoot with @kevintun. I thought it was perfect for the location we shot at and it went perfect with the Steve Madden Booties from my last blog post!
Click here to see the earrings I wore with this dress. These earrings are such a great neutral! I can't wait to wear them again!
Ok guys, I'm signing off for now! I'll be sending orders out the rest of the day and working on some new fall accessories! I can't wait to show you all what I have been working on! Here's a hint...chenille and fur 😍...and it goes on your head 😜.


text:
NHRMC.ORG New Hanover Regional Medical Center
NHRMC Foundation supports the mission of New Hanover Regional Medical Center, the largest provider of healthcare services in southeastern North Carolina.
About NHRMC
Excellence Happens Here
Visit nhrmc.org
Areas For Support
Main Swtichboard (910) 667-7000
Home > News > PMH hires new administrator
PMH hires new administrator
After holding the position on an interim basis for more than two months, David Long has been hired as the Administrator of Pender Memorial Hospital, effective immediately.
Mr. Long joins Pender Memorial from New Hanover Regional Medical Center, where he began his career as Administrative Resident in 2001 and most recently served as Administrative Operations Director for Nursing Administration. He replaces Matt Mendez, who announced his resignation in February.
"The management team at Pender has been very impressed with David since he came on board," said Ken Johnson, Chairman of the Pender Memorial Hospital Board of Trustees. "He has a lot of energy, and I think he will be a great addition to the hospital."
Pender Memorial Hospital is an 86-bed, not-for-profit, community hospital accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. In 1999, PMH entered into an affiliation with New Hanover Regional Medical Center to better provide a full range of services to the community.
"I am humbled to have this tremendous opportunity to work with the high caliber of employees at Pender Memorial Hospital to provide the very best care we can," Mr. Long said. "We will work to increase patient and employee satisfaction as we move Pender Memorial Hospital forward."
Mr. Long is a native of Mt. Airy, N.C. He holds an undergraduate degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and a master's degree in Healthcare Administration from the same institution.
Mr. Long said much of his immediate focus will be on completing two major projects already underway at Pender Memorial. The hospital is establishing a health and diagnostic center at The Rocky Point Medical Pavilion, bringing much-needed health care services into that growing community. Pender Memorial is also constructing two new operating rooms at its Burgaw facility.
"We've known David since the beginning of his career in healthcare administration," said Jack Barto, President and CEO of New Hanover Regional Medical Center. "We know his excitement, energy and desire to have a positive impact on patient care. We believe he is an excellent fit for Pender Memorial Hospital. The patients and staff there will be in good hands through his leadership."
New Hanover Regional Medical Center is the leading provider of quality and accessible health care in Southeastern North Carolina, delivering care to all in need, without the support of taxpayer dollars. The medical center takes seriously its responsibility as an economic engine for the community, creating more than 4,500 jobs directly and another 3,000 jobs indirectly.
Select a Category Awards and Recognition Community Healthy Living Hurricane Florence NHRMC Foundation Orthopedics Physician Group
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Junior Cobbler Cook First place went to Cheyanne Henson cooking with the Quarter Circle KC Crew.
In 2nd was Joseph Walunas hosted by the Cocklebur Wagon.
Third place was Chloe Carrier cooking with the Whitaker Ranch.
Fourth place junior cook was Ryan Castleberry from the Whitaker ranch cooking on the Quarter Circle KC wagon.
Fifth place was Jared Hesse of the UH-OH Ranch cooking at the T Half Circle Wagon.
Special thanks to all the host wagons listed above along with the Block Y, C Bar C, Hitch Ranch, Honey Do spoiler, Lizzie II, Wild Cow and Z Lazy T.


Stunning Photographs are showcased in a new hardcover book, New York at Night: Photography after Dark. New York City's rousing nightlife captured in the artistry of leading photographers of our time. These are the notables of the 20th and 21st centuries. Included are Joseph Byron, James Van Der Zee, Diane Arbus, Larry Fink and Henri Cartier-Bresson. In NYC diverse situations exist. Everything from wealth to poverty and pristine to grungy are depicted in these pages. Then they are joined by commentary from highly regarded contemporary authors. They relate some personal stories of life in NYC that are of interest. New Yorkers play after dark and the playground is a hotbed of diverse entertainment spots.


text:
Child Protective Services Handbook
2000 Intake, Investigation, and Assessment
2100 Processing Reports of Abuse or Neglect
CPS August 2009
CPS accepts and acts on reports alleging that a child in Texas is being abused or neglected by the:
child's parents (or other legally responsible person);
child's family;
child's household members; or
staff or volunteers at the child's public or private school.
Reports of abuse or neglect are made to the DFPS Statewide Intake (SWI) Division at 1 (800) 252-5400. SWI accepts calls toll-free, 24 hours a day, every day, from anywhere in the nation.
DFPS Rules, 40 TAC §700.504External Link
The primary purpose of accepting and acting on reports of abuse or neglect is to protect the child. SWI's specialized intake staff gather information to determine whether a circumstance warrants an investigation by CPS.
CPS investigations are civil in nature.
CPS investigation staff assess the child's:
immediate safety; and
risk of abuse or neglect in the future.
The procedures that CPS uses to respond to a report vary, depending on the safety concerns and level of risk in the family. See Appendix 2000: Flexible Response System of Service Delivery.
CPS staff complete the following tasks during intake, investigation, and assessment:
Receive, assess, and screen reports of child abuse and neglect;
Investigate reports to determine if there is a preponderance of evidence that children have been abused or neglected, and if so, by whom;
Assess how well the child and the family function to determine whether there is a reasonable likelihood that the child will be abused or neglected in the foreseeable future;
Provide immediate or short-term protection to children who need it and determine the need for protective services after the investigation;
Refer the family to needed community services during or after the investigation, including services to meet the child's educational, physical health, or mental health needs.
2110 Definitions of Abuse and Neglect and Authority
2111 Definitions
2112 Primary Statutory Definitions
CPS September 2002
The principal governing legislation for CPS intake and investigation is Chapter 261External Link of the Texas Family Code (TFC). This chapter's definitions of abuse, of neglect, and of the person responsible for a child's care, custody, or welfare describe the areas of primary concern in CPS investigations. The definitions follow below.
2113 Statutory Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect
2113.1 Definitions of Abuse
The Texas legislature established the overall definition of abuse. CPS has further divided abuse into five types.
Emotional Abuse (EMAB)
Emotional abuse can be characterized as:
mental or emotional injury to a child that results in an observable and material impairment in the child's growth, development, or psychological functioning;
Texas Family Code §261.001(1)(A)External Link
causing or permitting the child to be in a situation in which the child sustains a mental or emotional injury that results in an observable and material impairment in the child's growth, development, or psychological functioning; or
Texas Family Code §261.001(1)(B)External Link
the current use of a controlled substance as defined by Chapter 481External Link, Health and Safety Code, in a manner or to the extent that the use results in mental or emotional injury to a child.
Texas Family Code §261.001(1)(I)External Link
Labor Trafficking (LBTR)
Labor trafficking can be characterized as knowingly causing, permitting, encouraging, engaging in, or allowing a child to be trafficked in a manner punishable as an offense under §20A.02(a)(5) or (6)External Link Penal Code, or the failure to make a reasonable effort to prevent a child from being trafficked in a manner punishable as an offense under any of these sections.
Texas Family Code §261.001(1)(L)External Link
Physical Abuse (PHAB)
Physical abuse can be characterized as:
physical injury that results in substantial harm to the child, or the genuine threat of substantial harm from physical injury to the child, including an injury that is at variance with the history or explanation given and excluding an accident or reasonable discipline by a parent, guardian, or managing or possessory conservator that does not expose the child to a substantial risk of harm;
Texas Family Code §261.001(1)(C)External Link
failure to make a reasonable effort to prevent an action by another person that results in physical injury that results in substantial harm to the child;
Texas Family Code §261.001(1)(D)External Link
current use of a controlled substance as defined by Chapter 481External Link, Health and Safety Code, in a manner or to the extent that the use results in physical injury to a child;
causing, expressly permitting, or encouraging a child to use a controlled substance as defined by Chapter 481External Link, Health and Safety Code.
Texas Family Code §261.001(1)(J)External Link
Sex Trafficking (SXTR)
Sex trafficking can be characterized as:
knowingly causing, permitting, encouraging, engaging in, or allowing a child to be trafficked in a manner punishable as an offense under §20A.02(a)(7) or (8)External Link, Penal Code, or the failure to make a reasonable effort to prevent a child from being trafficked in a manner punishable as an offense under any of these sections;
compelling or encouraging the child in a manner to engage in sexual conduct that constitutes an offense of trafficking of persons under §20A.02(a)(7) or (8)External Link, Penal Code, prostitution under §43.02(bExternal Link), Penal Code, or compelling prostitution under §43.05(a)(2)External Link, Penal Code.
Texas Family Code §261.001(1)(G)External Link
Sexual Abuse (SXAB)
Sexual abuse can be characterized as:
sexual conduct harmful to a child's mental, emotional, or physical welfare, including conduct that constitutes the offense of continuous sexual abuse of a young child or children under §21.02External Link, Penal Code, indecency with a child under §21.11External Link, Penal Code, sexual assault under §22.011External Link, Penal Code, or aggravated sexual assault under §22.021External Link, Penal Code;
Texas Family Code §261.001(1)(E)External Link
failure to make a reasonable effort to prevent sexual conduct harmful to a child;
Texas Family Code §261.001(1)(F)External Link
compelling or encouraging the child to engage in sexual conduct as defined by §43.01External Link, Penal Code;
causing, permitting, encouraging, engaging in, or allowing the photographing, filming, or depicting of the child if the person knew or should have known that the resulting photograph, film, or depiction of the child is obscene (as defined by the Penal Code) or pornographic;
Texas Family Code §261.001(1)(H)External Link
causing, permitting, encouraging, engaging in, or allowing a sexual performance by a child, as defined by §43.25External Link, Penal Code.
Texas Family Code §261.001(1)(K)External Link
2113.2 Definitions of Neglect
The Texas legislature established the overall definition of neglect. CPS has further divided neglect into five types. There is also an exclusion to the definition of neglect.
Abandonment (ABAN)
Abandonment refers to the leaving of a child in a situation where the child would be exposed to a substantial risk of physical or mental harm, without arranging the necessary care for the child, and the demonstration of an intent not to return by a parent, guardian, or managing or possessory conservator of the child.
Texas Family Code §261.001(4)(A)(i)External Link
Neglectful Supervision (NSUP)
Neglectful supervision is defined as:
placing a child in or failing to remove a child from a situation that a reasonable person would realize requires judgment or actions beyond the child's level of maturity, physical condition, or mental abilities and that results in bodily injury or a substantial risk of immediate harm to the child;
Texas Family Code §261.001(4)(A)(ii)(a)External Link
placing a child in or failing to remove the child from a situation in which the child would be exposed to a substantial risk of sexual conduct harmful to the child; or
Texas Family Code §261.001(4)(A)(ii)(d)External Link
placing a child in or failing to remove the child from a situation in which the child would be exposed to acts or omissions that constitute abuse under Subdivision (1)(E), (F), (G), or (K) committed against another child.
Texas Family Code §261.001(4)(A)(ii)(e)External Link
Medical Neglect (MDNG)
Medical neglect is defined as the failure to seek, obtain, or follow through with medical care for a child, with the failure resulting in or presenting a substantial risk of death, disfigurement, or bodily injury, or with the failure resulting in an observable and material impairment to the growth, development, or functioning of the child.
Texas Family Code §261.001(4)(A)(ii)(b)External Link
Physical Neglect (PHNG)
Physical neglect is defined as the failure to provide a child with the food, clothing, or shelter necessary to sustain the life or health of the child, excluding failure caused primarily by financial inability unless relief services had been offered and refused.
Texas Family Code §261.001(4)(A)(ii)(c)External Link
Refusal to Assume Parental Responsibility (RAPR)
Refusal to assume parental responsibility refers to a situation in which the person responsible for a child's care, custody, or welfare fails to permit the child to return to the child's home without arranging for the necessary care of the child after the child has been absent from the home for any reason, including having been in residential placement or having run away.
Texas Family Code §261.001(4)(A)(iii)External Link
Exclusion to Neglect
If a person responsible for a child's care, custody, or welfare refuses to permit the child to remain in or return to the child's home, it is not neglect if the:
child has a severe emotional disturbance;
person's refusal is based solely on the person's inability to obtain mental health services necessary to protect the safety and well-being of the child; and
person has exhausted all reasonable means available to the person to obtain the mental health services necessary to protect the safety and well-being of the child.
2114 Statutory Definition of Person Responsible for Child's Care, Custody, or Welfare
(5) "Person responsible for a child's care, custody, or welfare" means a person who traditionally is responsible for a child's care, custody, or welfare, including:
(A) a parent, guardian, managing or possessory conservator, or foster parent of the child;
(B) a member of the child's family or household as defined by Chapter 71External Link of this (TFC) code;
(C) a person with whom the child's parent cohabits;
(D) school personnel or volunteers at the child's school; or
(E) personnel or a volunteers at a public or private child-care facility that provides services for the child or at a public or private residential institution or facility where the child resides.
Texas Family Code §261.001(5)External Link
2115 Terms Used in Primary Statutory Definitions
CPS 98-1
Absent parent — a parent [not in the home] who is not primarily responsible for the child's care on an ongoing basis because of a divorce, separation, incarceration, or for some other reason.
Accident — An unforeseen event that causes or threatens physical injury despite prudent efforts to avoid the risk of injury.
Causing, permitting, encouraging, engaging in, or allowing the photographing — A condition of the statutory definition of sexual abuse. It is met whether or not the child participates voluntarily.
DFPS Rules, 40 TAC §700.501External Link(1)-(3) (Brackets added.)
Child or Minor — A person under 18 years of age who is not and has not been married or who has not had his disabilities of minority removed for general purposes. In the context of child support, "child" includes a person over 18 years of age for whom a person may be obligated to pay child support.
Texas Family Code §101.003External Link
Compelling or encouraging the child to engage in sexual conduct — A condition of the statutory definition of sexual abuse. It is met whether the child actually engages in sexual conduct or simply faces a substantial risk of doing so.
DFPS Rules, 40 TAC §700.501External Link(4)
Family — Individuals related by consanguinity or affinity, individuals who are former spouses of each other, individuals who are the biological parents of the same child, without regard to marriage, and a foster child and foster parent, whether or not those individuals reside together.
Texas Family Code §71.003External Link
Note: Consanguinity means related by blood or adoption. Affinity means related by an existing marriage.
Genuine threat — A verbal or behavioral expression of intent that appears true, likely, or believable. A substantial risk. Actions including, but not limited to, choking, suffocating, or shaking a child, or hitting a child on the head.
DFPS Rules, 40 TAC §700.501(5)External Link
Note: Consider the following factors to assess a threat (Apply them to determine if a threatened injury would result in substantial harm if it actually occurred.):
the extent and severity of the threatened injury;
the location of the threatened injury on the child's body;
the child's age;
the child's ability to sustain the threatened injury without substantial harm, in light of the child's physical condition, psychological functioning, and level of maturity;
the frequency and duration of similar incidents;
any previous history of abuse or neglect; and
the way the threatened injury would occur.
Guardian — Anyone named as "guardian of the person of a child" by a probate court order.
Household — [The Texas Family Code defines household as] a unit composed of persons living together in the same dwelling, whether or not they are related to each other.
Texas Family Code §71.005External Link (Brackets added.)
Note: During the receipt and investigation of reports of child abuse and neglect, [DFPS] treats an unrelated person who resides elsewhere or whose place of residence cannot be determined as a member of the household if the person
is at least 10 years old; and
has regular free access to the household; or
when in the household dwelling, takes care of or assumes responsibility for children in the household.
This clarification regarding unrelated persons applies to boyfriends and girlfriends of household members and to baby sitters, when they are in the home.
Managing or possessory conservator — A person responsible for a child as the result of a district court order pursuant to §153 of the Texas Family Code.
Necessary to sustain the life or health of the child — A condition of the statutory definition of physical neglect. It is met if the failure to provide food, clothing, or shelter results in an observable and material impairment to the child's growth, development, or functioning, or in a substantial risk of such an observable and material impairment.
DFPS Rules, 40 TAC §700.501(9)-(10)External Link
Texas Family Code Ch. 153External Link
Obscene — Material or a performance that
the average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find that taken as a whole appeals to the prurient interest in sex;
depicts or describes
patently offensive representations or descriptions of ultimate sexual acts, normal or perverted, actual or simulated, including sexual intercourse, sodomy, and sexual bestiality; or
patently offensive representations or descriptions of masturbation, excretory functions, sadism, masochism, lewd exhibition of the genitals, the male or female genitals in a state of sexual stimulation or arousal, covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state or a device designed and marketed as useful primarily for stimulation of the human genital organs; and
taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, and scientific value.
Texas Penal Code §43.21(a)(1)External Link
Observable and material impairment — Discernible and substantial damage or deterioration.
DFPS Rules, 40 TAC §700.501(11)External Link
Parent — The mother, a man presumed to be the biological father or who has been adjudicated to be the biological father by a court of competent jurisdiction, or an adoptive mother or father. The term does not include a parent as to whom the parent-child relationship has been terminated.
Note: CPS distinguishes between the terms parent and absent parent. Unless otherwise stated, parent refers to the parent or parents primarily responsible for a child's care, custody, or welfare on an ongoing basis.
Parent/caretaker — Synonymous with person responsible for a child's care, custody, or welfare.
Pornographic — Containing an image that depicts a child under 18 at the time the image was made, who is involved in, performing, or simulating a sexually oriented act.
Reasonable discipline . . . that does not expose the child to a substantial risk of harm — Correction of a child's behavior that does not result in or risk substantial harm from physical injury.
Reasonable effort to prevent — Actions that an ordinary and prudent person would take to stop an event from occurring.
DFPS Rules, 40 TAC §700.501External Link(12)-(14)
Sexual conduct — Sexual conduct includes, but is not limited to, any of the following:
Sexual contact — Any touching of the anus, breast, or any part of the genitals of another person with intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person.
Texas Penal Code §43.01(3)External Link
Note: Sexual contact includes, but is not limited to, touching the clothed or unclothed body directly or with an object.
Sexual intercourse — Any penetration of the female sex organ by the male sex organ.
Deviate sexual intercourse — Any contact between the genitals of one person and the mouth or anus of another person.
Sexual assault — Any sexually oriented act or practice that results in harm or in substantial risk of harm to a child's growth, development, or psychological functioning.
Sodomy — Anal or oral copulation with another person or an animal.
Incest — Any sexually oriented practice with a child by a person who knows or should know that he or she and the child are related by consanguinity or affinity.
Substantial harm — Real and significant physical injury or damage to a child that includes, but is not limited to, bruises, cuts, welts, skull or other bone fractures, brain damage, subdural hematoma, internal injuries, burns, scalds, wounds, poisoning, human bites, concussions, and dislocations and sprains.
Note: Consider the following factors to determine if an injury is substantial:
the extent and severity of injury (size, number, depth, extent of discoloration, and so forth);
the location of the injury on the child's body;
the child's ability to sustain the injury without substantial harm, in light of the child's physical condition, psychological functioning, and level of maturity;
the way the injury occurred.
Substantial risk — Real and significant possibility or likelihood.
Note: Consider the following factors to assess substantial risk:
the child's physical condition, psychological functioning, and level of maturity;
any previous history of abuse or neglect;
the physical condition, psychological functioning, and level of maturity of the person putting the child at risk; and
any signs of danger or hazard in the child's environment.
2116 Other Definitions
CPS March 2013
Born addicted
A child is considered born addicted to alcohol or a controlled substance under the following circumstances:
The child is born to a mother who, during the pregnancy, used:
alcohol; or
a controlled substance not legally obtained by prescription, as defined in Chapter 481External Link Health and Safety Code.
The child, after birth, as a result of the mother's use of a controlled substance or alcohol during pregnancy:
experiences observable withdrawal from the alcohol or controlled substance;
exhibits observable or harmful effects in the child's physical appearance or functioning; or
exhibits the demonstrable presence of alcohol or a controlled substance in the child's bodily fluids.
Texas Health and Safety Code, Chapter 481External Link
The name chosen to identify a case is the name of the parent or guardian who is primarily responsible for a child's care, custody, or welfare on an ongoing basis.
If the parents live together, the case name is the name of the mother.
A calendar day, unless otherwise noted.
Primary allegation
The allegation type, at intake, that:
appears to cause the most immediate threat to the child; and
appears to be the first allegation to consider when assessing a child's safety.
These are also referred to as principals. A term that includes:
a child alleged or found to be the victim of abuse or neglect by a parent or caregiver and all other children who live in the home;
all parents and caregivers who are part of the household, those who are appointed by the court as sole or joint managing conservators and live with the child;
everyone responsible for the care, custody, or welfare of the children in the family or household, even if not a parent or caregiver, including others appointed by the court as managing or possessory;
each alleged or designated perpetrator of child abuse or neglect;
each victim who is also a perpetrator of child abuse or neglect;
noncustodial parents whose location is determined during the investigation, regardless of whether they visit the child, and whose rights have not been terminated; and
all persons age 14 and older who live with the child as the result of a parental child safety placement.
Principal sources, must be added to the Person List page in IMPACT.
Persons included in a case are referred to as principals or collaterals.
Protective capacities
The cognitive, behavioral, and emotional characteristics specifically and directly associated with a caregiver's ability to protect his or her child.
A caregiver's protective capacity can be observed, understood, and demonstrated in part by the way in which the caregiver thinks about, feels for, and acts toward a particular child in regard to keeping the child safe. A caseworker's understanding of whether a child is safe is incomplete without an assessment of the protective capacities of the child's caregivers.
Cognitive protective capacities
These include the knowledge, understanding, and perceptions that contribute to protective behavior, as follows:
The caregiver thinks about and can articulate a plan to protect the child from a given person or situation
The caregiver has adequate knowledge to fulfill caregiving responsibilities and tasks
The caregiver has adequate perceptions of the child's abilities and needs.
Behavioral protective capacities
These include a caregiver's actions, activities, and performance that result in protection of a child, as follows:
The caregiver obtains and uses the resources necessary to meet the child's needs.
The caregiver sets aside his or her needs in favor of the child's.
The caregiver has demonstrated a history of protecting the child or other children.
Emotional protective capacities
These include a caregiver's feelings for, attitudes about, and identification with the child, as well as the caregiver's motivation for protective vigilance, as follows:
The caregiver is able to meet her or his own emotional needs.
The caregiver expresses love, empathy, and sensitivity toward the child.
The caregiver has the emotional capacity to intervene in order to protect a child.
Elements of individual and family functioning that may place a child at risk of abuse or neglect.
Risk of child abuse or neglect
Risk of future abuse or neglect
A reasonable likelihood that child abuse or neglect, as defined in 2112 Primary Statutory Definitions, will occur in the foreseeable future.
The risk of future abuse or neglect is not considered abuse or neglect under Texas Family Code §261.001External Link, Definitions; however, the presence of a reasonable likelihood that child abuse or neglect will occur in the foreseeable future qualifies children and families for protective services. See 1240 General Eligibility Criteria for Child Protective Services.
Substantial risk of harm
The definitions of abuse and neglect under Texas Family Code §261.001External Link, contemplate both actual harm and the genuine threat or substantial risk of harm to a child. DFPS treats acts and omissions that place children at substantial risk of harm or that pose a genuine threat of substantial harm as actual occurrences of abuse or neglect, as they are defined in Texas Family Code §261.001External Link. Therefore, a CPS investigation may result in a finding of Reason to Believe for abuse or neglect even if a child victim does not suffer from actual physical or mental harm.
The terms substantial risk of harm and genuine threat of substantial harm as used in the definitions of abuse and neglect refer to acts or omissions that have already occurred and that put a child at risk of harm:
Example: DFPS considers the following to be an occurrence of neglectful supervision – even if the child is not physically harmed:
A parent leaves a two-year-old child in a car while the parent goes inside the post office on a day when the temperature outside is around 80 degrees. The parent is gone for more than 10 minutes and, during that time, the car windows are only slightly cracked and the child is strapped into a car seat.
CPS issues a finding of neglectful supervision (NSUP) against the parent because:
the parent placed the toddler in a situation that the child is not mature enough to handle; and
the parent's actions exposed the child to a substantial risk of immediate harm from possible kidnapping and heat.
A determination of whether a child was exposed to a genuine threat of substantial harm, a substantial risk of physical or mental harm, or a substantial risk of immediate harm is situational and is highly dependent on the unique set of facts in any given investigation.
Safety – A child's safety
Protection of a child from abuse or neglect.
A safe child
Children are considered safe when:
there are no safety threats within the family; or
the child is not vulnerable to the safety threat; or
a parent or caregiver possesses sufficient protective capacity to manage any safety threats.
An unsafe child
Children are considered unsafe when:
safety threats exist within the family, and
children are vulnerable to such threats, and
parents have insufficient protective capacities to manage or control the safety threats.
Safety threats
Safety threats are dynamics, conditions, or situations in a home that alone, or in combination, could indicate or contribute to an existing or developing danger for children. Fourteen specific safety threats are identified. The danger for children may be classified as Present or Impending.
Present danger
One of two types of danger that may be present in a family situation (the other is Impending danger).
Present danger:
is severe harm or the threat of severe harm that is immediate, significant, and clearly observable; and
is occurring to a child in the present (currently occurring) or has occurred very recently; and
requires an immediate protective response.
Impending danger
One of two types of danger that may be present in a family situation (the other is Present danger). Impending danger refers to threats to the safety of a child that reasonably will result in serious harm if a safety intervention by either the family or DFPS does not occur or does not continue over time.
Impending danger exists when:
a child is living in a state of danger (that is, continual danger); and
the family's conditions, behaviors, attitudes, motives, emotions, or situations are out of control;
Impending danger may not exist at any one particular moment, but can be anticipated to have serious effects on a child at any time; that is, a state of danger exists and the child may be harmed at any moment. Impending danger is not always obvious or occurring at the onset of CPS intervention or in the present context.
Identifying and understanding safety threats is possible only after fully evaluating the individuals or family's conditions and functioning.
Safety threshold
The safety threshold is the point at which a family's condition, behavior, or situation leads to a child being unsafe; that is, when risk factors become safety threats. It is the point along the continuum at which a child is considered unsafe rather than safe.
The safety threshold is crossed when a family's behaviors, conditions, or situations:
become directly threatening to child safety; AND
protective capacities are not sufficient.
Five criteria are essential to determining the Safety Threshold for a particular child:
Out-of-control: Refers to family conditions that can affect a child and are unrestrained, unmanaged, or without limits or effective monitoring; that is, conditions that a family does not seem able to influence, manipulate, or control without intervention from an outside source.
Severity: The degree to which harm could result in significant pain, serious injury, disability, grave or debilitating health or physical conditions, acute or grievous suffering, terror, impairment, or death.
Child vulnerability: The degree to which a child depends on others for protection or can verbalize a need for protection from a specific safety threat to those who are able to intervene in order to keep the child safe.
Specific time frame: The degree to which the threat to a child's safety is likely to become a present danger without delay and the degree of certainty that an event may occur either immediately or in the near future and may have severe effects on a child.
Observable and specific: The degree to which a danger is real, can be observed, can be reported, and is explicit and unambiguous.
Sensitive case
A case to which limited access is granted in IMPACT for various reasons, including, but not limited to, the following:
A DFPS employee is alleged or found to be involved in a case of abuse or neglect.
A person who provides ancillary services for CPS, such as a county judge, an attorney ad litem, a law enforcement officer, or a volunteer with Texas Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA), is alleged or found to be involved in a case of abuse or neglect.
A situation attracts excessive media coverage or other undue interest because of a circumstance such as the death of a child or the actions of a DFPS employee.
A minor seeks or has had an abortion without informing her family.
A member of a child's household is a participant in the Office of the Attorney General's (OAG) Address Confidentiality Program (see Chapter 56, Subchapter CExternal Link, Texas Code of Criminal Procedure).
Serious physical abuse
Injuries that:
require or required prompt medical attention;
may require hospitalization; and
may endanger the child's life or cause permanent functional impairment, death, or disfigurement if untreated.
Serious sexual abuse
Serious sexual abuse is:
oral, anal, or genital intercourse; or
sexual acts performed with a child that involve:
the genitals or anus of either party, whether or not intercourse or contact occurred; or
touching or fondling of the genitals, breasts, or anus of either party.
Special handling
The special or extra duties or procedures required by a caseworker when a member of a child's household:
participates in the Office of the Attorney General's (OAG) Address Confidentiality Program (see Chapter 56, Subchapter CExternal Link, Texas Code of Criminal Procedure and 2342 OAG Address Confidentiality);
serves with a military branch, either active or retired;
works in law enforcement;
lives on an American Indian reservation (see 1225 Indian Child Welfare Act; or
is listed on the Child Safety Check Alert List as the result of a court order.
The elements of an individual's or a family's functioning that enhance the ability of the individual or family to protect a child from abuse or neglect. See DFPS Rules, 40 TAC §700.502External Link(9).Within protective capacities, strengths specifically relate to the ability of a caregiver to use his or her protective capacities to ensure the child's safety.
Vulnerable child
Children are considered vulnerable when they lack the ability to protect themselves, or seek help from other protective persons when faced with a safety threat.
A caseworker determines whether a child is vulnerable by evaluating the following, as appropriate:
Age of the child
Medical illness
Self concept, or the degree to which the child may be subject to intimidation, fear, and emotional manipulation
Assertiveness, or the child's ability to make his or her basic needs known and seek help or protection from others
Defensive capacity, or the ability of the child to perceive danger and act accordingly
Isolation, or the degree to which the child is seen by others in the community, including by extended family members


Embrace Farming, Agric Is Our Future – Buhari Tells Youths, A statement released by Garba Shehu, the president's Senior Special Assistant on Media and Publicity, after the meeting of President Muhammadu Buhari with the United States' President, Donald Trump at Blair House, Washington DC has reiterated government's call on youths, both educated and the uneducated to embrace agriculture.
The President who made a call out to the Nigerian youths advised them to embrace agriculture, a very important sector of the economy and also seen as the future. He also pleaded with them to earn respect for themselves as they engage in farming.
Report has it that the president had meetings with the Chief Executive Officers of six American agricultural companies and their Nigerian counterparts including Aliko Dangote and John Coumantaros.
While taking on the factors of climate change and a blossom youth population, the president promised the youths of the promotion of skill development, innovation and entrepreneurship.
He said, "We realised, rather belatedly that we ought to have been investing in agriculture. We are now aiming at food security because of our large population.
"Our youths, the ones who have gone to school and even those that have not, should go to the farm, to earn respect for themselves.
"Agriculture is providing jobs for millions of our citizens and we are doing well towards the attainment of food security and jobs.
Buhari welcomed several investment proposals being put in place by the Americans and their Nigerian counterparts.