The Josh Brown Paw Partners Fund was established by the Brown family to honor the memory of Joshua Brown (pictured above with his friends Bongo and Buddy) after his tragic death at age 23. Growing up on a dairy farm, Josh acquired a love for all animals, but especially for his beagle family. We appreciate any contributions to the fund from folks who share a fondness for the beagle and beagle mixed breeds. The fund supports neutering, vaccinations, and other expenses involved with beagle rescue and adoption. A special thanks goes out from Robert, Karen, and Nathan Brown for your support toward this fund and keeping alive the memory of their son.


TAKE PETROL PRICES and margins for instance. In the past I've complained about the plonkers that work for some of the hypers, but right now the biggest idiots going must be those at Shell. Ok, they lost a lot of volume and now they're trying to get it back. But how about some professional operation to win back your customers rather than ripping the backside out of the market? For people who presumably have a string of degrees and MBAs they sure can act stupid. The other week a local co-owned Shell site was at 73.9, 73.9 and 33.9 for LPG. The nearest hyper was at 74.9 and 74.9 (hardly wonderful, but at least showing willing) while the nearest LPG site is miles away. Just what is the sense in adopting that sort of pricing stance?NEXT WE HAVE THAT WONDEFUL October present, the rise in the minimum wage to £4.50. From £3.60 to £4.50 in just over four years – a 25 per cent hike at a time when inflation has been at all time low. And on top of that, of course, we've had the imposition of four weeks paid holiday and the rise in employers' national insurance (I'll ignore extended maternity pay periods, paternity pay and flexible working time or I'll get positively suicidal!). So don't try telling me that it only affects the staff at the bottom end of the pay scale – the drift goes right through your pay structure as these days everyone expects to keep their differentials.AND THE NET RESULT of this largesse a long queue of applicants every time you advertise a vacancy? Not on your nelly! Yesterday's pay rise is today's rubbish rate. And to some extent they've got a point – you need more money to cope with the increased prices in restaurants and shops that have been necessary to pay for the higher wages! Of course, now the rate is higher it means even part-time staff having to pay tax and NI, and, just in case there was still someone out there foolish enough to still be considering working part-time, we now have a whole raft of tax credit schemes that deduct £1 of benefit for £1 of pay. Even I find it hard to persuade someone why they should work for absolutely nothing. So we can say goodbye to the housewives and the guys with young families – which just leaves us with students or the 'floating workers' if we want to retain the flexibility of part time workers. SO, A FUEL DUTY RISE IN OCTOBER was not that difficult to predict. In his budget speech Prudence said: "Owing to the recent high and volatile level of oil prices as a result of military conflict in Iraq, I have decided to defer the 1.28 pence a litre annual revaluation of fuel duties until six months from now – October 1 – and will legislate to this effect. And if the current international uncertainties and volatility remain I will not proceed with the change at all." That's pretty clear isn't it?I THOUGHT I'D HEARD it all from the 'busy-bodies' but I was wrong. As a result of a recent Health & Safety visit I've been judged a bad boy. My 'crime' was that, although I provided goggles and gloves to be used when topping up the car wash with shampoo and wax, I failed to display a notice that said 'you must wear goggles and gloves when topping up the car wash'.WITH ALL THE CRAP we have to put up with I am forever amazed at why we love the industry so much. Perhaps one of the compensations is the friendships that we make with other retailers. It is, therefore, with great sadness that I write about the untimely passing away of one of petrol retailing's true characters, Howard Stavely. Whether due to the PRA, Total or, latterly, Texaco, Howard was known by many of you. Immaculately dressed with a razor sharp mind and possessing a dry, acerbic wit, Howard was the epitome of a gentleman. We will all miss him.


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Class of 1961 (OMS Residency)
DR. LOUIS DIMAS, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY RESIDENCY CLASS OF 1961
Dr. Louis Dimas passed away peacefully with his family present on Jan. 15, 2022 at his home in Joliet, Ill. He was 91.
He was born in 1930 in Joliet. He graduated from Joliet Township High School, attended Joliet Junior College, and graduated from the University of Illinois Dental School. He then served as a captain in the U.S. Air Force as a dentist and was stationed in Japan, where he became interested in oral surgery. He entered Northwestern University for oral surgery and did his residency at the UW, King County Hospital. He accepted a position teaching oral surgery at the University of California, San Francisco.
Dr. Dimas returned to Joliet to marry the love of his life, Joan, in 1962 at All Saints Greek Orthodox Church, where he was an organist and director in the choir in his youth. He later served as president of the American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association and was a member of the church board.
He opened his oral surgery practice in 1962 and was the second oral surgeon in Will and surrounding counties. He served as president of the Will County Dental Society and was a member of the American Dental Society and the Hellenic American Dental Society. Additionally, he served as Chair of Dental Staff at Provena St. Joseph Medical Center and Silver Cross Hospital. He retired as an oral surgeon in 1992.
Dr. Dimas was president of the Will County Cancer Society and a member of the Joliet Rotary Club and the board of the Boy Scouts of America. Upon retirement, he visited all 50 states and traveled around the world twice with his family. He loved hunting with his friends in Wyoming and spending afternoons golfing. If he wasn't cheering for the Chicago Cubs or the Bears, he was listening to Frank Sinatra, dancing the night away with his wife, reading, watching shows about history, or entertaining friends and family at home.
Dr. Dimas is survived by his loving wife of 60 years, Joan (nee Samios); daughter Marina; son John; and granddaughter Alexandra (Sean) Murray. He was preceded in death by his brothers Rev. Constantine (Coola) and George (Georgene). (Legacy.com)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Traffic Redirection of several vlan through TPROXY I have http proxy, whitch has been developed in my company. Proxy uses TPROXY. Usually, installation of this proxy requires adding some routing rules and iptables rules (as for squid):
ip rule add fwmark 1 lookup 100
ip route add local 0.0.0.0/0 dev lo table 100
iptables -t mangle -N DIVERT
iptables -t mangle -A DIVERT -j MARK --set-mark 1
iptables -t mangle -A DIVERT -j ACCEPT
iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m socket -j DIVERT
iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j TPROXY --tproxy-mark 0x1/0x1 --on-port $PROXPORT --on-ip $PROXIP

Now i need proxying traffic from different vlans. I don't understand how i can write ip rules for routing traffic after proxy to suitable output interface. For "suitable" i mean virtual tagged output interface coinciding with input interface.
+---------+                        +---------+
|         |                        |         |
| eth4.2  |--+                     | eth5.2  |
|  input  |  |                 +-->| output  |
+---------+  |   +----------+  |   +---------+
             |   |          |  |
+---------+  +-->|          |--+   +---------+
|         |      | TROXY    |      |         |
| eth4.3  |----->| Magic    |----->| eth5.3  |
|  input  |      |          |      | output  |
+---------+  +-->|          |--+   +---------+
             |   |          |  |
+---------+  |   +----------+  |   +---------+
|         |  |                 |   |         |
| eth4.4  |--+                 +-->| eth5.4  |
|  input  |                        | output  |
+---------+                        +---------+

Thanks for any help.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Motivation Monday — I'm On The Clock!
While I was at FGS 2012 in Birmingham, Alabama I took the plunge and started my CG clock. I was being nudged. Mark Lowe said something about steel toed boots! I had been considering doing this since I graduated from my BU course and the time seemed right. I'm also doing this with 3 friends….a little encouragement along the way should be a good thing.
Write a resume from a genealogical point of view. I can do that.
Do a transcription, abstraction, and research plan for a document selected by BCG. I can do this, I've done in class and I get the idea.
Same as #3 but for a document of my choosing. I've got an awesome chancery case.
Client Report. Needs to be meat enough to show off my skills. And given that I've never had a paying client, it has to be pro bono work. If you've got a big southern problem, let me know.
Conflicting or Indirect Evidence. I know how to write a proof, the trick on this one will be selecting something that is complex enough to show off my skills.
Narrative lineage. I've picked 3 couples from my tree and I'm looking forward to this one.
After listening to many current CGs talk, I'm looking at this next year as not a OMG I have to prove myself, but a really good learning experience. This is not about being the most brilliant genealogist but about proving to myself I understand the process and how records are used to illustrate the lives of our ancestors.
Oh, and reading instructions. Critical for every application!
If you consider North Carolina and Tennessee (southern), I may have an interesting problem that you could use for 5. or 6.
Karen, I'll contact you off line.
I have 2 southern brickwalls, and I'd be happy for you to tackle either of them. One is a Mary Eliza Ann Lockhart born probably in TN possibly 1857 or, to my thinking, before, and died in Benton County, TN in about 1894. The other is a Calvin Parker born in about 1797 in SC and died in Benton County, TN in about 1852. I have additional information if you would like to tackle either of these. And good luck on becoming certified!
Good luck, if you really need a mystery my maternal great grandmother is one. All I know about her is my grandmother said her first name and middle name was Icelo Belle or Isolo Belle, I am not sure of the spelling. She died some where between 1903 and 1908. I would love to find out what her maiden name was, I have tried everything I know to do.
Congrats, Anne. Best of luck!!


CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Blue 2017 Honda Accord EX FWD CVT 2.4L I4 DOHC i-VTEC 16V Fresh oil change, Fully detailed, Safety inspected, 182 point inspected, Gray w/Cloth Seat Trim, Exterior Parking Camera Rear, Heated door mirrors, Illuminated entry, Power moonroof.


Calore - Port Alfred, Cosi Home. View Store Details.
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Home»This Week»Cover Stories»Efficient financial institutions: Role of modarbas and leasing in Pakistan
Efficient financial institutions: Role of modarbas and leasing in Pakistan
By Nazir Ahmed Shaikh September 12, 2022 Updated: October 14, 2022 No Comments10 Mins Read
The financial institutions are the most critical in today's competitive and indeterminate economic environment. They propel the indolent assets in various productive channels of the economy. Therefore, it is important for every country to have efficient financial institutions for continuous growth. They can do both: improve their efficiency with the production of high outputs and /or by reducing their input costs.
There are many types of efficiency concepts:
1- The Technical Efficiency: It determines the ability of financial institutions to maximize their outputs with the utilization of lower inputs.
2- The Profit Efficiency: It examines that how profitable a firm to its rivals.
3- The Cost Efficiency: It determines how close a firm's cost to a best performer's cost.
Leasing and Modaraba companies as financial institutions are also contributing in the economic development of Pakistan as like the other financial institutions. On one hand, Leasing companies by providing the heavy machinery on lease facilitate the small businesses to save their funds since small businesses mostly have constraints on their financial resources. Moreover, small businesses also enjoy various financial benefits associated with the lease finance such as; they charge periodic payments on the use of a specific fixed asset, which are allowed to subtract from the taxable profits of the business firm.
Historical Decision by FSC
The Islamic finance industry in Pakistan is expected to continue its growth trajectory over the medium term, driven by strong government push and steadily rising public demand for Islamic products. However, the industry faces key challenges that could slow its growth such as the still-developing Islamic finance regulatory framework. In April 2022, the Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan (FSC) stated in a decision that 'Riba' or interest is prohibited in Islam, including relating to banking transactions. The FSC directed the government to adopt sharia-compliant modes while borrowing from domestic or foreign sources in the future. The FSC set an implementation timeline of five years to convert the economy of Pakistan into "equitable, asset-based, risk sharing and interest-free economy" by end-2027.
Pakistan's Islamic Financial Industry
The Islamic finance industry faces multiple other challenges. This includes still-developing Islamic finance regulatory framework, limited supply of sharia-compliant products and gaps in the distributional channels, with limited outreach in the populous rural areas where 63% of the total Pakistani population resided in 2020, according to World Bank. The financial sector in general also remains under-developed, with a challenging business environment.
The size of the Pakistani Islamic finance industry is estimated to have crossed USD42 billion at end-1Q22. Islamic banks are the largest contributor to the Islamic finance industry at 67% (total assets), followed by Sukuk at 26% (outstanding amount), Islamic funds at 6% (total assets) and Takaful at 1% (total contributions).
At end-2021, Islamic banking share reached 18.6% of banking sector assets (end-2017: 12.4%) and 19.4% of deposits (end-2017: 14.5%). State Bank of Pakistan targets the Islamic banking sector to contribute 30% to the overall banking industry assets and deposits by 2025. In 2021, Islamic banks' total assets experienced a sharp growth of 30.6% yoy to PKR5,577 billion (USD32 billion). Islamic branches of conventional banks contributed significantly to the banking system, with a 45.7% share of overall Islamic banking assets by end-2021. The domestic market share of Takaful reached 12% at end-2020. The Islamic funds sector had a global market share of 1.9% at end-2020.
The contribution
In a developing country like Pakistan, it is highly essential to have an efficient leasing sector to support the businesses in the country. On other hand, modarabas provide various Islamic products but within the limits of Sharia law such as; Musharika, Modaraba, Murabaha and leasing activities etc. In Pakistan, leasing and Modaraba firms are providing medium to long term financing facilities and contributing a lot towards the development of the financial sector in Pakistan.
The NBFI & Modaraba Sector showed growth inspite of multiple economic challenges and Covid19, during the period ended 9une 2021. A net loss of PKR 1,127 million last year was converted into overall net profit of the Sector of PKR 2,208 million in FH2020-21. Total Equity also increased from PKR 34,997 million in FH2019-20 to PKR 40,583 million in FH2020-21 showing a robust increase of PKR 5,606 million, which indicates confidence of the investors in the sector. Although the Asset base of the sector increased marginally from PKR 90,195 million in FH2019-20 to PKR 91,025 million in FH2020-21, Dividend announced substantially increased to PKR 2,084 million as compared to PKR 1,674 million paid out in the corresponding period last year.
Modaraba, like previous years, was the best performing segment in the sector. Trading and financing Modarabas posted a profit of PKR 1,852 million in FH2020-21 in comparison to PKR 951 million in the corresponding FH2019-20 showing robust growth in profit of about 100%. First Treet Manufacturing Modaraba, the only manufacturing Modaraba in the sector also performed well and reduced its loss to PKR 618 million in FH2020-21 from PKR 2,985 million in the FH2019-20 despite financial constraints and health. Allied Rental Modaraba followed by BRR Guardian Modaraba, First Habib Modaraba, Orient Rental Modaraba and ORIG Modaraba were the major contributors of profit to the total net profit of the sector. Out of twenty-seven (27), nineteen (19) members announced cash dividend of PKR 1,212 million which in percentage terms ranges from 1% to 155 %.
The sector also showed significant increase in Assets to PKR 55,625 million in FH2020-21 from PKR 51,505 million in FH2019-20 registering an increase of PKR 4,020 million. Equity of the Modaraba sector also increased to PKR 26,623 million in FH2020-21 from PKR 17,406 million showing a significant increase of PKR 9,217 million.
The Leasing Sector maintained its financial results but the overall decline in the overall numbers is due to the departure of Sindh Leasing Company Limited from the sector and its merger with Sindh Bank Limited. Primus Leasing Limited remained the top performer with a profit of PKR 66 million with 5.50 dividend this year as compared to 6.50%, last year.
Investment Finance Services also performed well and their profit increased to PKR 953 million in FH2020-21 from PKR 779 million in FH2019-20 with a net increase of PKR 174 million registering percent increase of 8%. Equity stood at 12,572 million in FH2020-21 as compared to PKR 12,205 million showing an increase of PKR 367 million and Assets base moved up by PKR 1,630 million with assets of PKR 29,423 million in FH2020-21 and PKR 27,785 million in FH2019-20.
The Market Capitalization of the total sector as at 9une 30, 2021 was PKR 29,192 million in FH2020-21 as compared to PKR 17,306 million as at 9une 30, 2020 which is due to increase in the paid-up capital of First Treet Manufacturing Modaraba, Finja and OLP Financial Services Pakistan Limited (formerly ORIG Leasing Pakistan) which shows confidence of the sponsors in these entities and augurs well for the 87,628 (FH2020-21 vs 89,612 in FH2019-20) shareholders which constitute a significant part of the Pakistan stock market investors/shareholders.
While the external environment remains challenging, we expect some stabilization in the economy in the medium term. Pace of recovery will be dependent on improvement in external flows, geopolitical environment and global commodity prices. NBFI and Modaraba sector results demonstrate strong business fundamentals.
Modaraba has established itself as a well understood Shariah compliant instrument of financing in Pakistan. It has been practiced for the last 32 years and we have gained a lot of experience in its operations and management. An institutional framework has been developed which is acceptable to the scholars and also clarified the initial confusion regarding the regulatory responsibilities. The dual structure between SECP and SBP has given way to a single regulatory agency which is SECP. It is logically expected that Modarba will provide a transit point in our path towards Islamic financial system. One should apply the experience gained from this mode of financing and scale it up and replicate it throughout the system. However, that Modarabas haven't taken off so far in this country despite such a long standing and their contribution in the financial sector has been insignificant. The total market capitalization is still a tiny fraction of financial sector cap.
What should be done?
1- The governance structure of the Modarbas has proved to be inadequate and the interests of the investors and certificate holders have not been adequately protected. The concentration of powers in the hands of managers particularly when the standards of transparency and disclosure are not that rigorous does leave a lot to be desired.
2- We need much greater transparency in our operations to inspire confidence. Liberal use of Central Depository and disclosure standards need to be improved and upgraded so that the ordinary prospective investor is assured that his money is not only safe but is being managed in the most professionally desirable manner. We should strive to achieve and maintain the same standards of disclosure and transparency which are applicable to other financial institutions in Pakistan. By doing so we would be at par in terms of attracting investment to Modarabas.
3- The Risk management practices in Modarabas should be reviewed to find out if the managers are optimizing the returns for the given level of risk. There is an urgent need to determine if the tools and techniques being adopted by them represent the best practice in the industry keeping the constraint of complying with sharia in place. The only credible way to expand this mode of financing is by demonstrating that the reward-risk relationship under Modaraba is not inferior compared to other instruments.
4- Although the regulatory dualism has been sorted out by giving the SECP the exclusive responsibility for regulation over the Modarabas, so it looks that the oversight has not always been exercised with utmost vigilance. We should consider some alternative such as some elements of market-based regulation combined with self-regulation.
5- The Modarabas have not been able to diversify their products or differentiate from other market players such as leasing companies. Today 75% of their business is concentrated on leasing which does not provide any 4 market niche or comparative advantage to them. The leasing portfolio mostly covers traditional industries such as textiles, light engineering, cement etc. New activities have by-passed the leasing sector so far.
6- There are many savers who do not want to use the banking system and are looking for Shariah compliant products. We should try to attract them and thus add to the overall national savings pool of the country.
7- Seventh, the Modarabas have very little geographical dispersion outside the big cities only. We should establish presence in smaller towns and have a distribution network which is extensive.
8- The minimum capital requirements of Modaraba sector should also be raised to levels which allow for more rapid asset growth. At the time other non-bank financial institutions are expanding their capital to do more business.
Trend of Growth & Total Assets of Modarabas & NBFCs
The total assets of Modarabas & NBFCs have grown from PKR1,192bln in FY17 to PKR2,023bln at the end of 1HFY22 representing a CAGR of 11%.
Mutual Funds & Plans have the highest share of ~58% while Modarabas have a share of ~3% in the total assets of Modarabas and NBFCs
Share of Sariah compliant assets have remained at an average of 31% over the last 5 periods. CAGR of Conventional and Sariah assets from FY17- 1HFY22 was 13% and 7% respectively.
The author, Nazir Ahmed Shaikh, is a freelance columnist. He is an academician by profession and writes articles on diversified topics. Mr. Shaikh could be reached at nazir_shaikh86@hotmail.com.
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All meetings of MakeHealth: Prototyping II will take place on Saturday from 10:00 till 14:00 hrs. The next series starts on 9 March 2019. The last meeting will be on 18 April. Participation is free. The prime language will be Dutch, but don't worry, we can easily switch to English when necessary. Register via the link provided above.
Prior knowledge of digital manufacturing and technology is not required as we'll focus on this during the workshops. However, we do expect you to attend all the workshops, so that your team have enough time to complete their project.
All meetings take place at Makerspace Contact; a location that is fully accessible by wheelchair users. The address is: Contactweg 47, 1014 AN Amsterdam. The location can easily be reached by metro near station Amsterdam Sloterdijk and has parking facilities nearby.
Introduction to the theme, possible topics, and formation of teams. Each team begins brainstorming ideas about possible solutions. Joint decision on team's direction going forward.
Research on possible applications, materials, and techniques. Start first designs.
Developing designs: create drawings or models, choose material and plan for production. Start prototyping.
Creating prototype. Experiment with materials and manufacturing techniques.
Presentation of final prototypes. Looking back on learning moments and tips.


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Q: Graph API vs own app home feed I'm trying to fetch the endpoint /me/home from the Facebook graph API v2.1.
Using the Graph API Explorer tool, I get good results that look like what the facebook mobile app displays. But when I switch to my app and simulate the exact same call with the exact same permissions, the results are different and include a lot of non relevant posts (such as "ARandomFriend liked a link").
The only difference beetween the two calls is the access token (same scope, same permissions, same user). My guess is that facebook voluntarily returns a less relevant feed to third party apps so that people can't build apps that can compete with them.
But maybe I'm wrong, does anyone know something about this ?

A: This is similar to
Some posts not visible on the feed through Graph API /me/home
and
Facebook SDK for .NET and Graph API Explorer news feed mismatch
The reason is Facebook "scores" nodes to derive the most "Top Story". Low scoring nodes are by default not visible. You can force all nodes with
/me/home.filter(owner)<some_filters like fields requests>

There is no documentation on WHY this actually works, but it does. You can also force all nodes that are Likes or Comments by doing the following
me/posts?fields=likes.filter(stream),comments.filter(stream)


The school is constantly looking for new ways to help raise extra funds for the school. If you are interested in helping out with this or have some ideas then please let us know.
Forest View has launched a school lottery. Registration is simple and takes just a few minutes. There is a draw every week and someone in the school community will win the prize draw jackpot. Each tickets costs £1 and you can buy as many as you like. There is also a chance to win £25000 in a separate draw each week.
Just go to www.YourSchoolLottery.co.uk and search for Forest View. You can also open the image on the right of this page and scan the QR code using your smartphone or tablet.


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To book call our experts on
Le Mans Race
24 Hours Moto
Tag Archives: imsa
Le Mans News, Motorsport News
Porsche's LMDh Commitment Is A Huge Moment For Sportscar Racing
The dust has barely settled on Porsche's withdrawl from IMSA's GTLM category at the 2020 season finale in Sebring last month and already the German marque has announced its return to sportscar racing as a factory.
Let's not beat around the bush here, last night's news that Porsche will return to top-class sportscar racing and compete in both IMSA and the FIA WEC with a new LMDh prototype, is as significant as it gets.
Audi was technically the first marque to commit to LMDh, with its brief statement of intent to race at Le Mans and Daytona in LMDh as part of the fallout from its Formula E exit earlier this month. But Porsche's bulletin is the first full confirmation for IMSA's LMDh formula, which will replace DPi and be eligible to race alongside Le Mans Hypercars in the FIA WEC as part of top class convergence.
Better still, Porsche's commitment to the new LMP2-based, hybrid-powered category will likely add two full-season factory cars to both IMSA and the WEC's grids, and potentially, multiple customer cars too.
"The new LMDh category allows us to fight for overall victories with a hybrid system at the Le Mans, Daytona and Sebring classics – without breaking the bank. The project is extremely attractive for Porsche. Endurance racing is part of our brand's DNA," explains Oliver Blume, CEO at Porsche AG.
Michael Steiner, Board Member for Research and Development at Porsche AG, adds: "In the medium term, Porsche focuses on three different drive concepts: fully electric vehicles, efficient plug-in hybrids and emotional combustion engines. We want to represent this trilogy in both the development of our cutting-edge road cars and in motorsport.
"We use the all-electric drive to contest the FIA Formula E as part of our works commitment, and the highly efficient and emotional combustion unit in GT racing. Now, the LMDh class closes the gap for us. There, powerful hybrid drives – like the ones that are mounted in many of our brand's models – go up against each other. If the regulations eventually allowed the use of synthetic fuels, then that would be an even greater incentive for me in terms of sustainability."
The car, Dailysportscar.com says, is planned to be powered by a twin-turbo V8, while the engine used by fellow VAG-brand Audi, is tipped to be a four-cylinder turbocharged engine from its outgoing Class One DTM chassis.
From the teaser renders meanwhile, it appears that the next-generation Multimatic LMP2 chassis has been selected as the base for Porsche's LMDh car. Travel Destinations understands that it will also used for Audi's forthcoming challenger also.
A further similarity is that like Audi, Porsche's new car will hit the track in 2023, the year which Travel Destinations believes will be the first for LMDh as a formula, with IMSA set to delay its inception by 12 months to allow manufacturers more time to prepare. Crucially, this coincides with a hugely significant year for the Le Mans 24 Hours, which will celebrate the 100th anniversary of the inaugural running of the race held back in 1923.
The 2023 edition of the 'Grand Prix of Endurance' is shaping up to be an extraordinary occasion, with the ACO planning a whole host of festivities in the build up to what should be one of the most hotly contested races ever at La Sarthe. As it stands now, Toyota, Peugeot, Audi and Porsche are all set to be on hand for the 2023 race, with the potential for Glickenhaus and ByKolles to join the fun running privately entered Le Mans Hypercars. And that's without any additional marques or privateers committing to either LMH or LMDh.
Don't expect the coming months to be quiet though; we're likely to hear about more programmes very soon. Acura is believed to be close to confirming its LMDh participation with ORECA, McLaren and Mazda are still actively assessing options and rumours persist that Ferrari is working on something behind the scenes following its participation in the technical working group meetings.
After a heavily disrupted year for motorsport, and the world as a whole, this news comes as a real boost. The future of both IMSA and the FIA WEC's top classes are is taking shape. Convergence looks increasingly likely exceed the expectations of the key industry stakeholders on hand back in January when IMSA and the ACO's top brass made their historic announcement.
With Porsche now on board, even if nobody else pushes the button on an LMDh or LMH programme going forward, the grids for the big endurance races like Rolex 24 Hours, Sebring 12 Hours and Le Mans 24 Hours are all set to be blockbuster, with multiple major marques in wildly different cars battling for the overall wins. And that, as we sit here more than two years out from LMDh's debut, may be the best news of all…
ACO President Pierre Fillon puts it best: "This eagerly anticipated announcement is excellent news for endurance racing. It proves that our regulations, boosted by a historic agreement with the USA, are an attractive proposition."
Stephen Kilbey
Want to be trackside at Le Mans in 2021? Call our office today on 01707 329988 or email info@traveldestinations.co.uk to make a booking…
imsaLe Mans 24 Hours. LeMans24LemansLMDhPorscheRolex 24Sebring
Le Mans News
A Positive future for FIA WEC, IMSA & Le Mans?
What should we take away from the race weekend last week? That all-eyes are firmly on Super Sebring next month.
If the convergence announcement in Daytona was the appetiser, then Super Sebring's LMDh technical regulations reveal will be the main course. The dessert in this metaphor will be any big announcements from OEMs that follow.
Where does IMSA-ACO convergence currently stand after Aston Martin announced that its Valykrie-based Le Mans Hypercar programme will be 'paused' you ask? It's an interesting question, and one that is not easy to answer.
Le Mans Hypercar will soldier on. Toyota stressed to the media during the CoTA weekend that it is continuing as planned with its programme. Its new car is in the process of being built; the parts are being manufactured as we speak, with Toyota Gazoo Racing's technical director Pascal Vasselon telling Travel Destinations that it remains on course to take its car testing twice before the FIA WEC official test at Silverstone ahead of the 2020/21 season opener.
The question mark surrounds the Japanese giant's competition.
ByKolles is believed to be on course to bring its car to Silverstone to start the season (though any rumours surrounding the Austrian privateer team should be taken with a grain of salt). Glickenhaus on the other hand is now unlikely to make the races in the 2020 calendar year, and will instead debut its 007C at Kyalami in 2021.
Then there's Peugeot. The Rebellion partnership is no more, but the French constructor is still certain to join the fun, the only question is which route it will take. Its programme is in an embryonic stage (set to debut in 2022), so senior management will be looking closely at the potential of the LMDh formula compared to Le Mans Hypercar, as it could still change to taking the route that IMSA proposes for its FIA WEC effort and still go racing without any delays.
While none of this is hugely positive news, the powers at be at the FIA WEC are pressing on, disappointed, but not panicking about the state of next season. There are plenty of potential solutions, many of them being brainstormed now, to ensure that the top class isn't a one-horse race. But much more of the creative and positive energy is being poured into the LMDh technical regulations.
Travel Destinations understands that there is still an abundance of manufacturers (some truly surprising) either 'in the room' when it comes to the IMSA Steering Committee gatherings, with multiple close to committing to the new formula. The issue here is that the cavalry is not set to arrive until the 2021/22 FIA WEC and IMSA 2022 seasons. However, that will not matter in the eyes of both governing bodies if the factories announce programmes in numbers this year.
There are two Steering Committee meetings remaining ahead of Sebring, one in Daytona this week, the other the week before Sebring, in Sebring. On the agenda is discussions surrounding the finishing touches on the announcement that will be made. The game of poker between the interested parties will begin to enter its final stages once these meetings are adjourned.
We don't quite know what LMDh cars will look like, though we do know that this is meant to be an evolution of the successful DPi formula. The cars that hit the track will be prototype-based, with each constructor partnering up with an existing LMP2 chassis supplier. They will feature a spec hybrid system to reduce costs and (with more aerodynamic freedom) styling cues that IMSA and the FIA WEC hope will make the cars look more like road-going models than the current DPi challengers.
So much weighs on this set of regulations. With Aston gone (and while it says it has only 'paused' its effort, there is widespread belief in the paddock that it is highly unlikely that we'll ever see the Valkyrie race), it now appears that every single car racing beyond this year in the WEC and IMSA's top class will be prototype based. This is actually a good thing in some ways, as it will make it easier to balance the two formulas (LMDh and LMH). With nobody going down the ultra-expensive route of converting a road car into a race car, the budget levels should also be far more achievable for everyone involved.
Programmes, as ever, will not be cheap, but in the current automotive landscape, where programmes have never been harder to sign off, reducing costs necessary. The ability to take a pre-existing chassis, and race it with a bespoke (likely GT3-based) engine, with a spec hybrid system has real appeal while we wait for the next wave of technology (all-electric/hydrogen) to develop into something capable of being used in high-performance endurance racing.
The window to do this is now, the opportunity to allow factories to build one car to race globally, at all the major IMSA and WEC sportscar races doesn't come around often. So it must be grasped at. The FIA, ACO and IMSA know this.
""This week was a difficult week. We are working like crazy. When I'm thinking about Sebring, I have a weekly meeting with John (Doonan) on the phone, and Sebring will be amazing. I'm hopeful of a very good announcement of LMDh, that will be fantastic for the sport," FIA WEC CEO Gerard Neveu told Travel Destinations, and select media at CoTA.
"We just learned a few days ago about the Aston Martin decision. We have working group sessions with Pierre (Fillon) and a few people in the ACO and FIA, so for sure you will have an exact definition of what will happen next year in the FIA WEC before we open the entry registration.
"At the same time, our first priority now is to deliver the convergence strategy at Sebring. How this announcement is received will give us an indication of how the championship will be in 2021, and will give us a chance to decide the format for 2020.
"The WEC will be here in 2020, no question and we will work on very small modifications and adaptations, the final configuration. You can understand that this discussion will involve the ACO, FIA, Toyota and a few others around the table. It's too early to tell you something today. We are putting everything into Sebring."
So now we wait. The plans are in motion to create something truly spectacular. We haven't seen more than four factory teams racing in the top class of sportscar racing at a race like Le Mans for decades.
Right now it would be easy to look at the current state of sportscar racing and see only negativity. But things can change remarkably quickly. If the announcement next month is, as it is expected to be, well received by the OEMs interested, then announcements will come quickly. The prospect of something truly remarkable, the likes we haven't seen in international sportscar racing since the Group C era, all of a sudden can become real.
Written by Stephen Kilbey
Photography by Dailysportscar
FIA WECFutureimsaLe Mans
Excitement is building ahead of the 2020 Rolex 24 Hours
The 2019 IMSA season came to a close just last month at Road Atlanta, but already the teams and drivers are hard at work ahead of January's Rolex 24 Hours, which kicks off the 2020 IMSA campaign.
Last season was full of twists and turns, with spectacular racing throughout the calendar year. It was a fitting tribute to IMSA, which celebrated its 50th anniversary, and Scott Atherton, IMSA's President who retired at the end of the year after a 34-year career in the sport. Thus, IMSA's 51st season next year feels like it will mark the start of a new era.
It would be easy to overlook next year, because DPi 2.0 (which will debut in 2022) is closing in, the new regulations currently being discussed by teams and manufacturers alike to shape the future of the WeatherTech Championship's top class. But John Doonan, the former head of Mazda Motorsport who has moved in to take over as President has other plans. He's hard at work to ensure that we have a huge grid packed with world-class teams and drivers to watch come January. There is still plenty more news to come, but thus far it looks like all four classes will be backed with storylines to follow.
In DPi, Mazda and Acura will return, both marques full of confidence that they can challenge for wins at the big races and titles after they took huge strides in 2019. The big turnaround was clearly in the Mazda camp. Further development work during the winter ahead of the season paid off.
After a slow start to the season, with another round of disappointing trips to Daytona and Sebring things began to pick up and the team took three straight wins from Watkins Glen onwards to break their duck. The breakthrough at 'The Glen' proved many things, that the team could work a good strategy and that the RT-24P was capable of being both fast and reliable in an endurance race. It was one of the most memorable races since the turn of the century in IMSA, which provided a hugely popular result in and around the paddock.
The target therefore, is a victory at Daytona. We know from testing and qualifying at Daytona this year that the RT24-P suits the circuit – it broke the all-time lap record. Now, if the drivers keep it clean and the car stays reliable, then they have as good a chance as anyone in the field. Penske Team Acura meanwhile, will return to Daytona for a third time with the same set of drivers, and a pair of ARX-05s that have been put through a huge test programme at the Floridian circuit since the end of the 2019 season. Roger Penske will be frustrated that wins at Sebring and Daytona has eluded his team in the first two years of its DPi programme. His track record shows that he can turn things around. If he does then that would break Cadillac's streak of DPi victories at the Rolex 24.
What does Cadillac's effort look like in 2020? That's still forming. But 2019 Rolex 24 winner Wayne Taylor Racing returns with a fresh line-up, former Ford GTLM factory driver Ryan Briscoe joins returnee Renger van der Zande for the full season, the duo joined by Toyota WEC star Kamui Kobayashi and another ex-Ford driver Scott Dixon for the big 24 Hour to start the season. Action Express is concentrating on a single Cadillac this season, but it is going to run with a formidable line up once again.
Elsewhere, the other classes have seen boosts.
The GTLM category will be in the spotlight at Daytona when Corvette Racing debuts its hotly-anticipated C8.R. The new, mid-engined V8, will sound rather different to its predecessors, but it will still be loud, and stand out in the huge field that looks to be assembling.
GTD too will see many returning teams and drivers across a slew of manufacturers. Like NASCAR? Well the 24 will be treated to an appearance from Kyle Busch, a superstar in his own right, who has scored a Lexus GTD drive with Aim Vasser Sullivan. He joins a long list of stockcar stars that have taken on the Rolex 24 over the years. Jeff Gordon won the race overall just two years ago, will Busch, who is likely to bring a horde of supporters with him, be another NASCAR talent to leave Florida with a 'watch'?
The biggest surprise is LMP2. Last year just four cars raced at Daytona and just two saw out the season. But a change to the category's calendar (which is shorter than before) has sparked a surge in interest. Right now, PR1, Performance Tech, Era Motorsport, DragonSpeed and Rick Ware Racing have all confirmed entries, and better still, more announcements are expected.
Still not sold? From experience, I can say that the Rolex 24 has to be seen to be believed. It is a sportscar event, that like the Nürburgring 24, Le Mans 24, and Sebring 12 Hours, has its own character. It feels box office, it feels like you're witnessing history. Standing in the infield under the floodlights, with fireworks going off overhead, surrounded by some of the most hallowed strips of race track in North America, filling your ears with sound of the sound of 50+ sportscars, is something you don't get elsewhere. Sitting atop the collosal grandstand on the pit straight, with a view of the entire circuit, is also something that should be on every motorsport fan's bucket list.
For 11 months a year, Daytona International Speedway is a NASCAR cathedral, visited by people from all over the world for its association with stock car racing. But in January, it's a temple of endurance. You can shrug it off as 'just an oval', but you'd be wrong. There's a whole lot more to it than that when IMSA's trucks take over the paddock in January.
You can join us at the Rolex 24 at Daytona in January. We have limited availability, so be quick! Please call our reservations team to reserve your place track-side.
DaytonaimsaRolex 24
To book an event
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text:
Engineering for Social and Environmental Responsibility
This is a research guide for EDNS 315.
Find Articles and Books
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He, Him, His
Use the tabs above to navigate through the following pages of the guide:
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Library Catalog - Colorado School of Mines This link opens in a new window
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IEEE Xplore: IEL This link opens in a new window
The IEEE/IET Electronic Library is brought to you via the IEEE Xplore digital library. Featuring content from IEEE as well as the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), IEL contains almost one-third of the world's current literature in electrical engineering, communications, and computer science. It provides access to over 4.5 million journal articles, conference papers, and technical standards.
Coverage: 1988-current (with selected content published back to 1872)
IEEE Xplore is a digital library providing full-text access to the world's highest quality technical literature in electrical engineering, computer science, electronics, and related disciplines. IEEE Xplore also includes content from select other publishers including the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), Alcatel-Lucent, VDE Verlag, and Tsinghua University Press.
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Kanopy is a streaming video resource with a broad collection of over 26,000 films on every subject imaginable and from leading producers such as: The Criterion Collection, The Great Courses, New Day Films, HBO California Newsreel, and more. Their website makes it easy to watch, share and discuss films across campus.
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Next: Find Articles and Books >>
URL: https://libguides.mines.edu/edns315
Subjects: Engineering & Technology, Humanities & Social Sciences


text:
Film | The Wife (2017): Husband Getting Nobel Prize Starring Oscar Nominated Glenn Close
A wife questions her life choices as she travels to Stockholm to see her husband receive the Nobel Prize for Literature.
99 min. Director: Björn Runge.
Starring Glenn Close, Jonathan Pryce, Max Irons.
Glenn Close won the Golden Globe Award, Screen Actors Guild Award and Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress for her performance, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress.


This office is fragrance free for the health and safety of those with environmental illness or multiple chemical sensitivities, asthma, migraines, or other conditions that result in extreme sensitivities. For more information, call or click here.
Occasionally, earlier or later times are available. Please check the online scheduler for the most accurate availability.


4 Drawer Dresser Home Design And Ideas | Groundswellplayers 4 drawer dresser canada. 4 drawer dresser canadian tire. 4 drawer dresser big lots.
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text:
Terranatos dolichopterus is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van de killivisjes (Rivulidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1967 door Weitzman & Wourms.

Rivulidae
IUCN-status niet bedreigd

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


LISLE – On a St. Charles East light on returning experience, McKenna Slavik is the linchpin at the net.
How valuable is she? Just ask her coach.
"I would say she's probably the best setter in the state...[and] could go up in the country as one of the best setters – truly, she's court-smart, everything smart; she's got it happening," Saints coach Jennie Kull said after East's 25-18, 25-10 loss at Benet on Wednesday.
Slavik set her heart on Clemson University as a sophomore, and has risen to become an elite setter with each passing year. Last season, Slavik fnished second on the team with 202 digs and had 560 assists.
"They got a diamond, man," Kull continued. "She's the real deal."
She couldn't slow down Benet Wednesday, though.
Benet primarily maintained control through both sets. East went on small runs at times, but Benet – returning some experience from injury – kept the Saints a step behind. Benet led 13-12 in the first set, when three consecutive kills allowed the Redwings to pull away.
Benet easily handed St. Charles East in the second set, jumping out to a 9-3 lead behind the powerful swats of senior outside hitter Valentina Tabares and never looked back.
Caitlin Wepfer and Tabares each had eight kills apiece for Benet. Kyla Kenney had five kills and an ace, while Caroline Gard had three aces.
Saints middle hitter Kirsten Rogers had four kills, and Amarion Isbell had three.
Benet lost last week to St. Charles North. Since then, the Redwings have seen an improved body language, look on the floor and subsequent play on the court since the beginning of the season.
"That needs to continue to get better," Benet coach Brad Baker said. "It wasn't at the beginning [of the season]. It wasn't great; it wasn't bad, but it wasn't where it needed to be. We're getting there."
Baker says his team doesn't have anybody that played middle blocker in club volleyball, so instead, he's trying to utilize his "pin players" in the best way.
"Our setters are really good," Baker said. "They're super athletic. They're big, they can block so we're trying to use them as blockers too in the front row and attackers. It's a 6-2 [rotation], but it's not a 6-2 in the traditional sense."
Slavik is coming off an extremely productive summer, winning an AAU national championship with her Sports Performance 18 Elite team in Florida.
She's played on top teams before, but never made it to the fourth day of the tournament.
"Before, I never made it that far and never really thought about winning," Slavik said. "Being on the 18 Elite team at the end, it really just changed my mentality. Winning is extremely important; it's everything."
Now, she has to turn her attention to the present and leading a Saints team still working its way through some lineup shifts and injuries. Freshman Taylor Swanson saw action on the court Wednesday amid some injuries for East (7-2).
"Hopefully, this is the low," Kull said of the recent stretch. "We've been progressively not making it happen, so hopefully we can have a swing up from here and make it go."
"It's really early for us," Slavik said. "We're still getting to know where everyone is doing their best, [and] getting the job done. We have really good attitudes on our team, so I feel like that is going to help us a lot versus other teams that maybe they have the talent, but just not the right attitudes. I feel like we can get pretty far."


text:
/*
 * Calculates the molar mass of one compound or the ratio of the rates with Graham's law of effusion. Can take either a formula or mass for the compounds.
 * Shows calculation steps.
 * number() returns true- saves latest calculated value and can used saved for a molar mass or ratio.
 *
 * Author: Julia McClellan
 * Version: 5/21/2016
 */

package Functions;

import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import javax.swing.Box;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;

import Equation.Compound;
import HelperClasses.TextField;
import ChemHelper.InvalidInputException;

public class Effusion extends Function
{
	private JPanel panel, c1Panel, c2Panel, ratePanel;
	private JLabel instruction, result, c1Label, c2Label, rateLabel;
	private TextField comp1, comp2, ratio;
	private JRadioButton formula1, formula2, mass1, mass2;
	private JButton calculate;
	private Box box, steps;
	private double toSave;

	public Effusion()
	{
		super("Law of Effusion");

		instruction = new JLabel("Enter what you know.");

		c1Label = new JLabel("Compound 1: ");
		comp1 = new TextField(TextField.COMPOUND);
		formula1 = new JRadioButton("Formula", true);
		mass1 = new JRadioButton("Molar mass");
		ButtonGroup g1 = new ButtonGroup();
		g1.add(formula1);
		g1.add(mass1);
		c1Panel = new JPanel();
		c1Panel.add(c1Label);
		c1Panel.add(comp1);
		c1Panel.add(formula1);
		c1Panel.add(mass1);

		c2Label = new JLabel("Compound 2: ");
		comp2 = new TextField(TextField.COMPOUND);
		formula2 = new JRadioButton("Formula", true);
		mass2 = new JRadioButton("Molar mass");
		ButtonGroup g2 = new ButtonGroup();
		g2.add(formula2);
		g2.add(mass2);
		c2Panel = new JPanel();
		c2Panel.add(c2Label);
		c2Panel.add(comp2);
		c2Panel.add(formula2);
		c2Panel.add(mass2);

		rateLabel = new JLabel("Ratio of rates: ");
		ratio = new TextField(TextField.COMPOUND);
		ratePanel = new JPanel();
		ratePanel.add(rateLabel);
		ratePanel.add(ratio);

		calculate = new JButton("Calculate");
		calculate.addActionListener(new Calculate());
		result = new JLabel();

		box = Box.createVerticalBox();
		box.add(instruction);
		box.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
		box.add(c1Panel);
		box.add(c2Panel);
		box.add(ratePanel);
		box.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
		box.add(calculate);
		box.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(10));
		box.add(result);

		steps = Box.createVerticalBox();

		JPanel subpanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
		GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();
		c.gridx = 0;
		c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST;
		subpanel.add(box, c);
		c.gridx++;
		subpanel.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(10), c);
		c.gridx++;
		subpanel.add(steps, c);

		panel = new JPanel();
		panel.add(subpanel);

		toSave = 0;
	}

	private class Calculate implements ActionListener
	{
		public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0)
		{
			steps.removeAll();
			steps.setVisible(false);
			double mass1 = 0, mass2 = 0, rate = 0;
			int sigFigs = Integer.MAX_VALUE;

			if(!comp1.getText().trim().equals(""))
			{
				if(formula1.isSelected())
				{
					Compound c1;
					try
					{
						c1 = Compound.parseCompound(comp1.getText());
					}
					catch (InvalidInputException e)
					{
						if(!(e instanceof InvalidInputException)) e = new InvalidInputException(-1);
						result.setText(e.getMessage());
						return;
					}
					StringBuffer[] massStep = new StringBuffer[2];
					mass1 = c1.getMolarMassSteps(massStep);
					steps.add(Function.latex("\\text{Find molar mass of }" + latex(c1) + "\\text{:}"));
					steps.add(Function.latex(massStep[0].toString()));
					steps.add(Function.latex(massStep[1].toString()));
				}
				else
				{
					try
					{
						mass1 = Double.parseDouble(comp1.getText());
						sigFigs = Function.sigFigs(comp1.getText());
					}
					catch(Throwable e)
					{
						result.setText("Invalid input for compound 1.");
						return;
					}
				}
				steps.add(Function.latex("\\text{Mass 1} = " + mass1 + "\\frac{g}{mol}"));
				steps.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
			}

			if(!comp2.getText().trim().equals(""))
			{
				if(formula2.isSelected())
				{
					Compound c2;
					try
					{
						c2 = Compound.parseCompound(comp2.getText());
					}
					catch (Throwable e)
					{
						if(!(e instanceof InvalidInputException)) e = new InvalidInputException(-1);
						result.setText(e.getMessage());
						return;
					}
					StringBuffer[] massStep = new StringBuffer[2];
					mass2 = c2.getMolarMassSteps(massStep);
					steps.add(Function.latex("\\text{Find molar mass of }" + latex(c2) + "\\text{:}"));
					steps.add(Function.latex(massStep[0].toString()));
					steps.add(Function.latex(massStep[1].toString()));
				}
				else
				{
					try
					{
						mass2 = Double.parseDouble(comp2.getText());
						sigFigs = Math.min(sigFigs, Function.sigFigs(comp2.getText()));
					}
					catch(Throwable e)
					{
						result.setText("Invalid input for compound 2.");
						return;
					}
				}
				steps.add(Function.latex("\\text{Mass 2 = }" + mass2 + "\\frac{g}{mol}"));
				steps.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
			}
			else if(mass1 == 0)
			{
				result.setText("Leave only one field blank.");
				return;
			}

			if(!ratio.getText().trim().equals(""))
			{
				try
				{
					rate = Double.parseDouble(ratio.getText());
					sigFigs = Math.min(sigFigs, Function.sigFigs(ratio.getText()));
				}
				catch(Throwable e)
				{
					result.setText("Invalid input for ratio.");
					return;
				}
				steps.add(Function.latex("\\text{Ratio of rates = }" + rate));
				steps.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(10));
			}
			else if(mass1 == 0 || mass2 == 0)
			{
				result.setText("Leave only one field blank.");
				return;
			}
			else steps.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));

			if(rate == 0)
			{
				toSave = Math.sqrt(mass1 / mass2);
				steps.add(Function.latex("\\text{Ratio of rates = }\\sqrt{\\frac{" + mass1 + "\\frac{g}{mol}}{" + mass2 + "\\frac{g}{mol}}} = " + toSave));
				if(sigFigs == Integer.MAX_VALUE) result.setText("Ratio of rates = " + toSave);
				else result.setText("Ratio of rates = " + Function.withSigFigs(toSave, sigFigs));

			}
			else if(mass2 == 0)
			{
				toSave = mass1 / (rate * rate);
				steps.add(Function.latex("\\text{Mass 2 = }\\frac{" + mass1 + "\\frac{g}{mol}}{" + rate + "^2} = " + toSave + "\\frac{g}{mol}"));
				result.setText("Mass of compound 2 = " + Function.withSigFigs(toSave, sigFigs));

			}
			else if(mass1 == 0)
			{
				toSave = (rate * rate) / mass2;
				steps.add(new JLabel("\\text{Mass 1 = }\\frac{" + rate + "^2}{" + mass2 + "\\frac{g}{mol}} = " + toSave + "\\frac{g}{mol}"));
				result.setText("Mass of compound 1 = " + Function.withSigFigs(toSave, sigFigs));
			}
			else
			{
				result.setText("You did not enter enough information to make any calulations.");
				return;
			}
			steps.setVisible(true);
		}
	}

	public boolean number()
	{
		return true;
	}

	public double saveNumber()
	{
		return toSave;
	}

	public void useSavedNumber(double num)
	{
		String[] options = {"Compound 1", "Compound 2", "Ratio"};
		Object selected = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(panel, "Choose where to use the number", "Choose Number", JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE,
				null, options, "Compound 1");
		if(selected instanceof String)
		{
			if(selected.equals("Compound 1"))
			{
				comp1.setText("" + num);
				mass1.setSelected(true);
			}
			else if(selected.equals("Compound 2"))
			{
				comp2.setText("" + num);
				mass2.setSelected(true);
			}
			else ratio.setText("" + num);
		}
	}

	public String getHelp()
	{
		return "<html>" + TextField.getHelp() + "</html>";
	}

	public JPanel getPanel()
	{
		return panel;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
namespace IGCSInjectorUI
{
    partial class MainForm
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Required designer variable.
        /// </summary>
        private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// Clean up any resources being used.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>
        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if(disposing && (components != null))
            {
                components.Dispose();
            }
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }

        #region Windows Form Designer generated code

        /// <summary>
        /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
        /// the contents of this method with the code editor.
        /// </summary>
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
			this.components = new System.ComponentModel.Container();
			System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager resources = new System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager(typeof(MainForm));
			this._openDllToInjectDialog = new System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog();
			this.groupBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();
			this._selectProcessButton = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
			this._browseForDllButton = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
			this._processNameTextBox = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this._dllFilenameTextBox = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
			this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
			this._injectButton = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
			this._cancelButton = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
			this._mainToolTip = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolTip(this.components);
			this._aboutButton = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
			this.groupBox1.SuspendLayout();
			this.SuspendLayout();
			//
			// _openDllToInjectDialog
			//
			this._openDllToInjectDialog.DefaultExt = "dll";
			this._openDllToInjectDialog.Filter = "Dll files|*.dll";
			this._openDllToInjectDialog.Title = "Please select the dll to inject";
			//
			// groupBox1
			//
			this.groupBox1.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
            | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
			this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this._selectProcessButton);
			this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this._browseForDllButton);
			this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this._processNameTextBox);
			this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.label2);
			this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this._dllFilenameTextBox);
			this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.label1);
			this.groupBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(13, 13);
			this.groupBox1.Name = "groupBox1";
			this.groupBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(578, 79);
			this.groupBox1.TabIndex = 0;
			this.groupBox1.TabStop = false;
			this.groupBox1.Text = "Process and DLL selection";
			//
			// _selectProcessButton
			//
			this._selectProcessButton.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
			this._selectProcessButton.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(497, 17);
			this._selectProcessButton.Name = "_selectProcessButton";
			this._selectProcessButton.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);
			this._selectProcessButton.TabIndex = 1;
			this._selectProcessButton.Text = "&Select...";
			this._selectProcessButton.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
			this._selectProcessButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(this._selectProcessButton_Click);
			//
			// _browseForDllButton
			//
			this._browseForDllButton.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
			this._browseForDllButton.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(497, 43);
			this._browseForDllButton.Name = "_browseForDllButton";
			this._browseForDllButton.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);
			this._browseForDllButton.TabIndex = 3;
			this._browseForDllButton.Text = "&Browse...";
			this._browseForDllButton.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
			this._browseForDllButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(this._browseForDllButton_Click);
			//
			// _processNameTextBox
			//
			this._processNameTextBox.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
            | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
			this._processNameTextBox.AutoCompleteMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoCompleteMode.SuggestAppend;
			this._processNameTextBox.AutoCompleteSource = System.Windows.Forms.AutoCompleteSource.FileSystem;
			this._processNameTextBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(117, 19);
			this._processNameTextBox.Name = "_processNameTextBox";
			this._processNameTextBox.ReadOnly = true;
			this._processNameTextBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(374, 20);
			this._processNameTextBox.TabIndex = 0;
			this._processNameTextBox.TabStop = false;
			this._processNameTextBox.TextChanged += new System.EventHandler(this._processNameTextBox_TextChanged);
			//
			// label2
			//
			this.label2.AutoSize = true;
			this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(6, 22);
			this.label2.Name = "label2";
			this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(105, 13);
			this.label2.TabIndex = 0;
			this.label2.Text = "Process to inject into";
			//
			// _dllFilenameTextBox
			//
			this._dllFilenameTextBox.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)(((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
            | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
			this._dllFilenameTextBox.AutoCompleteMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoCompleteMode.SuggestAppend;
			this._dllFilenameTextBox.AutoCompleteSource = System.Windows.Forms.AutoCompleteSource.FileSystem;
			this._dllFilenameTextBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(117, 45);
			this._dllFilenameTextBox.Name = "_dllFilenameTextBox";
			this._dllFilenameTextBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(374, 20);
			this._dllFilenameTextBox.TabIndex = 2;
			this._dllFilenameTextBox.TextChanged += new System.EventHandler(this._dllFilenameTextBox_TextChanged);
			//
			// label1
			//
			this.label1.AutoSize = true;
			this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(6, 48);
			this.label1.Name = "label1";
			this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(67, 13);
			this.label1.TabIndex = 0;
			this.label1.Text = "DLL to inject";
			//
			// _injectButton
			//
			this._injectButton.Anchor = System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom;
			this._injectButton.Enabled = false;
			this._injectButton.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(190, 107);
			this._injectButton.Name = "_injectButton";
			this._injectButton.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(99, 23);
			this._injectButton.TabIndex = 1;
			this._injectButton.Text = "&Inject DLL";
			this._injectButton.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
			this._injectButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(this._injectButton_Click);
			//
			// _cancelButton
			//
			this._cancelButton.Anchor = System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom;
			this._cancelButton.DialogResult = System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Cancel;
			this._cancelButton.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(313, 107);
			this._cancelButton.Name = "_cancelButton";
			this._cancelButton.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(99, 23);
			this._cancelButton.TabIndex = 2;
			this._cancelButton.Text = "&Cancel";
			this._cancelButton.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
			this._cancelButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(this._cancelButton_Click);
			//
			// _mainToolTip
			//
			this._mainToolTip.AutoPopDelay = 5000;
			this._mainToolTip.InitialDelay = 100;
			this._mainToolTip.ReshowDelay = 100;
			//
			// _aboutButton
			//
			this._aboutButton.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
			this._aboutButton.DialogResult = System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Cancel;
			this._aboutButton.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(510, 107);
			this._aboutButton.Name = "_aboutButton";
			this._aboutButton.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);
			this._aboutButton.TabIndex = 2;
			this._aboutButton.Text = "About...";
			this._aboutButton.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
			this._aboutButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(this._aboutButton_Click);
			//
			// MainForm
			//
			this.AcceptButton = this._injectButton;
			this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 13F);
			this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
			this.CancelButton = this._cancelButton;
			this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(603, 140);
			this.Controls.Add(this._aboutButton);
			this.Controls.Add(this._cancelButton);
			this.Controls.Add(this._injectButton);
			this.Controls.Add(this.groupBox1);
			this.FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.FixedDialog;
			this.Icon = ((System.Drawing.Icon)(resources.GetObject("$this.Icon")));
			this.Name = "MainForm";
			this.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;
			this.Text = "IGCS Injector";
			this.groupBox1.ResumeLayout(false);
			this.groupBox1.PerformLayout();
			this.ResumeLayout(false);

        }

		#endregion

		private System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog _openDllToInjectDialog;
		private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBox1;
		private System.Windows.Forms.Button _browseForDllButton;
		private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox _dllFilenameTextBox;
		private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
		private System.Windows.Forms.Button _selectProcessButton;
		private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox _processNameTextBox;
		private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
		private System.Windows.Forms.Button _injectButton;
		private System.Windows.Forms.Button _cancelButton;
		private System.Windows.Forms.ToolTip _mainToolTip;
		private System.Windows.Forms.Button _aboutButton;
	}
}


Last week, with a single keystroke, a hacker pulled off the biggest heist in history by removing all the NEM coin held on the Coincheck exchange - more than half-a-billion dollars' worth.
We analyze how the detectives at WizSec Security, who spent years investigating the MtGox hack - at the time the largest crypto-hack in history - were able to follow the coin flow through the blockchain and eventually nab one of the MtGox perps.
Parsing the details of this ingenious crypto-sleuthing reveals a lot about the issue of blockchain privacy and how the competing coins in the crypto-privacy sector employ different protocols to manage it. Massive value will almost certainly accrue to the coin that gets it right.


Page Parkes Model + Talent: PP Model on the Cover of Yellow Magazine!!
PP Model on the Cover of Yellow Magazine!!
Stunning PP Model, Jiaxin Lu, is on the cover of Yellow Magazine!! She even has a whole spread inside the mag, so be sure to pick one up to see all of her beautiful photos.
Here is our girl looking so stylish and fierce!


Plants are the most effective way to increase oxygen levels in the room and improve air quality. There are also beneficial plants that will help you improve mood, and fight anxiety, depression, and prevent panic attacks.
Researchers have found that there is a direct link between stress and oxygen levels and showed that high levels of toxins in the air lead to anxiety and stress. Therefore, you can drastically improve your mood and relieve stress and anxiety.
Scientists have conducted studies on mice and discovered that the aroma of jasmine plant and jasmine essential oil significantly calmed them, and made them stop all activity and sit quietly in a corner. Their brain scans showed that jasmine fragrance boosts the effects of a chemical called GABA on nerve cells, and thus relieves anxiety and encourages rest.
According to Professor Hanns Hatt, these findings published online in the Journal of Biological Chemistry can "be seen as evidence of a scientific basis for aromatherapy".
Researchers found that jasmine is much more effective than sleeping pills, anti-anxiety medications, and sedatives, as it increased the GABA effect by more than five times.
"Research at Wheeling Jesuit University by Dr. Bryan Raudenbush, assistant professor of psychology, shows dispensing jasmine odor into a room where participants were sleeping "led to greater sleep efficiency and reduced sleep movement." The research showed a greater quality of sleep even though there wasn't more quantity of sleep.
Therefore, keep a jasmine in your bedroom, and you will reap all the benefits of this amazing plant!


Starting and running business can be a complex legal process. From business formation to laws and regulations–it's hard to learn everything there is to know about everyday small business legal topics. Stay up-to-date with the articles that address the legal issues small businesses face.
What's A Surety Bond And Does My Small Business Need It?


text:
The Cardinal Times • March 15, 2021 • https://cardinaltimes.org/16780/uncategorized/review-queens-gambit/
Review: Queens Gambit
Courtesy of Wikipedia
Queens Gambit is a limited series on Netflix that came out in 2020
Juliet Zimmerman
The limited series "The Queen's Gambit," directed by Scott Frank, is a brilliant series showcasing the intense world of competitive chess.
All the actors are extremely talented, especially Anya Taylor Joy, who appears as the main character in the series, chess prodigy Beth Harmon. She perfectly captures the emotions that come with dealing with loss, fear, pain and addiction.
The witty dialogue and intriguing course of events is how I got attached to the show, and through that felt the effects of Beth's emotional and competitive failures and successes. The story also covers Beth's struggles with drugs and alcohol, without making that the main focus of the show, but also not brushing over it.
The show mainly took place throughout the mid 1960s, and the time period definitely helped tell the story. The era was portrayed through the sets. Getting bigger and more grandiose each episode, the sets show the progression of Beth's life, starting in a dark, cold orphanage, and ending up in a grand hotel in Moscow, Russia.
Another way to tell the progression of time and the story is how the characters dress. In the beginning, Beth is always dressed in browns and plain colors. As she gains money and develops her own style, she wears brighter colors and different styles of dresses, with fuller skirts. After some time she returns home, and wears more pants and blouses, showing her maturity. In the final scene, she is seen in an all white outfit, with a hat that looks like the queen chess piece.
Finally, another great thing about the show was the directing. Scott Frank made a show about chess interesting to the general public, with a strong female protagonist who also had weaknesses and flaws. This is some of his best work yet for sure.
"The Queen's Gambit" reminded me of a film that shows strong smart women in the '60s. "Hidden Figures" tells the story of three Black women who are working at NASA to help win the Space Race. In both series, the women are underestimated and their talents held back by the judgement of others. In the end, they overcome all their obstacles and get to their goal. However their journeys to success are quite different. While "Hidden Figures" tells an amazing story, and features three outstanding female leads,"The Queen's Gambit" hones in on one main character, illustrating struggles with addiction, alcoholism, grief and mental illness. Overall both works were great, but to me "The Queen's Gambit" had a deeper storyline, perhaps because it was a multi-part series rather than a two hour film.
If you are looking for an unusual, entertaining, exhilarating story, "The Queen's Gambit" is definitely for you.


text:
/*
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.facebook.presto.cassandra;

import com.facebook.presto.cassandra.util.CassandraCqlUtils;
import com.facebook.presto.spi.ColumnHandle;
import com.facebook.presto.spi.ColumnMetadata;
import com.facebook.presto.spi.ConnectorTableMetadata;
import com.facebook.presto.spi.NotFoundException;
import com.facebook.presto.spi.ReadOnlyConnectorMetadata;
import com.facebook.presto.spi.SchemaNotFoundException;
import com.facebook.presto.spi.SchemaTableName;
import com.facebook.presto.spi.SchemaTablePrefix;
import com.facebook.presto.spi.TableHandle;
import com.google.common.base.Objects;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.inject.Inject;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import static com.facebook.presto.cassandra.CassandraColumnHandle.columnMetadataGetter;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static com.google.common.collect.Iterables.transform;

public class CassandraMetadata
    extends ReadOnlyConnectorMetadata
{
    private final String connectorId;
    private final CachingCassandraSchemaProvider schemaProvider;

    @Inject
    public CassandraMetadata(CassandraConnectorId connectorId, CachingCassandraSchemaProvider schemaProvider)
    {
        this.connectorId = checkNotNull(connectorId, "connectorId is null").toString();
        this.schemaProvider = checkNotNull(schemaProvider, "schemaProvider is null");
    }

    @Override
    public List<String> listSchemaNames()
    {
        return schemaProvider.getAllSchemas();
    }

    @Override
    public CassandraTableHandle getTableHandle(SchemaTableName tableName)
    {
        checkNotNull(tableName, "tableName is null");
        try {
            CassandraTableHandle tableHandle = new CassandraTableHandle(connectorId, tableName.getSchemaName(), tableName.getTableName());
            schemaProvider.getTable(tableHandle);
            return tableHandle;
        }
        catch (NotFoundException e) {
            // table was not found
            return null;
        }
    }

    private static SchemaTableName getTableName(TableHandle tableHandle)
    {
        checkArgument(tableHandle instanceof CassandraTableHandle, "tableHandle is not an instance of CassandraTableHandle");
        return ((CassandraTableHandle) tableHandle).getSchemaTableName();
    }

    @Override
    public ConnectorTableMetadata getTableMetadata(TableHandle tableHandle)
    {
        checkNotNull(tableHandle, "tableHandle is null");
        SchemaTableName tableName = getTableName(tableHandle);
        return getTableMetadata(tableName);
    }

    private ConnectorTableMetadata getTableMetadata(SchemaTableName tableName)
    {
        CassandraTableHandle tableHandle = new CassandraTableHandle(connectorId, tableName.getSchemaName(), tableName.getTableName());
        CassandraTable table = schemaProvider.getTable(tableHandle);
        List<ColumnMetadata> columns = ImmutableList.copyOf(transform(table.getColumns(), columnMetadataGetter()));
        return new ConnectorTableMetadata(tableName, columns);
    }

    @Override
    public List<SchemaTableName> listTables(String schemaNameOrNull)
    {
        ImmutableList.Builder<SchemaTableName> tableNames = ImmutableList.builder();
        for (String schemaName : listSchemas(schemaNameOrNull)) {
            try {
                for (String tableName : schemaProvider.getAllTables(schemaName)) {
                    tableNames.add(new SchemaTableName(schemaName, tableName.toLowerCase()));
                }
            }
            catch (SchemaNotFoundException e) {
                // schema disappeared during listing operation
            }
        }
        return tableNames.build();
    }

    private List<String> listSchemas(String schemaNameOrNull)
    {
        if (schemaNameOrNull == null) {
            return listSchemaNames();
        }
        return ImmutableList.of(schemaNameOrNull);
    }

    @Override
    public ColumnHandle getColumnHandle(TableHandle tableHandle, String columnName)
    {
        checkNotNull(tableHandle, "tableHandle is null");
        checkNotNull(columnName, "columnName is null");
        return getColumnHandles(tableHandle).get(columnName);
    }

    @Override
    public ColumnHandle getSampleWeightColumnHandle(TableHandle tableHandle)
    {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Map<String, ColumnHandle> getColumnHandles(TableHandle tableHandle)
    {
        CassandraTable table = schemaProvider.getTable((CassandraTableHandle) tableHandle);
        ImmutableMap.Builder<String, ColumnHandle> columnHandles = ImmutableMap.builder();
        for (CassandraColumnHandle columnHandle : table.getColumns()) {
            columnHandles.put(CassandraCqlUtils.cqlNameToSqlName(columnHandle.getName()), columnHandle);
        }
        return columnHandles.build();
    }

    @Override
    public Map<SchemaTableName, List<ColumnMetadata>> listTableColumns(SchemaTablePrefix prefix)
    {
        checkNotNull(prefix, "prefix is null");
        ImmutableMap.Builder<SchemaTableName, List<ColumnMetadata>> columns = ImmutableMap.builder();
        for (SchemaTableName tableName : listTables(prefix)) {
            try {
                columns.put(tableName, getTableMetadata(tableName).getColumns());
            }
            catch (NotFoundException e) {
                // table disappeared during listing operation
            }
        }
        return columns.build();
    }

    private List<SchemaTableName> listTables(SchemaTablePrefix prefix)
    {
        if (prefix.getSchemaName() == null) {
            return listTables(prefix.getSchemaName());
        }
        return ImmutableList.of(new SchemaTableName(prefix.getSchemaName(), prefix.getTableName()));
    }

    @Override
    public ColumnMetadata getColumnMetadata(TableHandle tableHandle, ColumnHandle columnHandle)
    {
        checkNotNull(tableHandle, "tableHandle is null");
        checkNotNull(columnHandle, "columnHandle is null");
        checkArgument(tableHandle instanceof CassandraTableHandle, "tableHandle is not an instance of CassandraTableHandle");
        checkArgument(columnHandle instanceof CassandraColumnHandle, "columnHandle is not an instance of CassandraColumnHandle");
        return ((CassandraColumnHandle) columnHandle).getColumnMetadata();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean canHandle(TableHandle tableHandle)
    {
        return tableHandle instanceof CassandraTableHandle && ((CassandraTableHandle) tableHandle).getConnectorId().equals(connectorId);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return Objects.toStringHelper(this)
                .add("connectorId", connectorId)
                .toString();
    }
}


Anti-tear Steel Cord Conveyor Belt-Zhejiang Double Arrow Rubber Co., Ltd.
It's suitable for transportation of hard and sharp materials in larger drop height occasions, used in lines of mines, ports, electricity, metallurgy, chemical industry, coalmines, etc.
The anti- tear conveyor belt has highly extensible transverse steel cords or polyester cords evenly arranged in the top cover (or both top and bottom cover) of the steel cord carcass. The anti-tear layer is perpendicular to the running direction of belt. When the belt conveys hard and sharp materials, the anti-tear layer can stop it from being pierced. Even if the belt is pierced, the anti-tear layer can still prevent it from being torn.