text:
The Center for Grassroots Oversight
This page can be viewed at http://www.historycommons.org/entity.jsp?entity=al-qaeda&startpos=1100
Profile: Al-Qaeda
a.k.a. Al-Qaida, Al-Qa'ida
Related Entities:
Front of Maram
Front of Wadi al Aqiq
Has as leader Osama bin Laden
Member Mohamed Atta
Member of Ramzi bin al-Shibh
Member Marwan Alshehhi
Member of Fayez Ahmed Banihammad
Member of Mohand Alshehri
Member of Hani Hanjour
Member of Nawaf Alhazmi
Member of Majed Moqed
Member of Salem Alhazmi
Member of Khalid Almihdhar
Member of Fahad al-Quso
Member of Khalil Deek
Member of Abu 'Ubeid Al-Qurashi
Has as leader Fazul Abdullah Mohammed
Member of Jabir Hasan Mohammad al-Qahtani
Member of Khallad bin Attash
Member of Mustafa Ahmed al-Hawsawi
Has as leader Hambali
Has as leader Khalid Shaikh Mohammed
Has as leader Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri
Member of Ali Abdul Aziz Ali
Has as leader Abu Faraj al-Libbi
Member of Ahmed al-Hada
Has as leader Abu Zubaida
Has as leader Ayman al-Zawahiri
Has as leader Ahmed Khalfan Ghailani
Has as leader Sheikh Ahmed Salim Swedan
Has as leader Usama al-Kini
Has as leader Mustafa Abu al-Yazid
Has as leader Saif al-Adel
Member of Mohamed al-Owhali
Member of Mustafa Fadhil
Has as leader Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah
Member of Mohammed Saddiq Odeh
Member of Khalfan Khamis Mohamed
Has as leader Mohammed Atef
Member of Mohammed Loay Bayazid
Member of Wael Hamza Julaidan
Has as leader Mamdouh Mahmud Salim
Member of Jamal al-Fadl
Has as leader Mushin Musa Matwalli Atwah
Has as leader Anas al-Liby
Member of Abu Zubair al-Haili
Member of Abdul Rahim al-Sharqawi
Member of Abu Jaffa
Member of Abu Bara al-Taizi
Has as leader Abd al-Hadi al-Iraqi
Member of Hassan Ali bin Attash
Member of Gouled Hassan Dourad
Has as leader Mahfouz Walad Al-Walid
Has as leader Hassan Ghul
Has as leader Saad bin Laden
Has as leader Midhat Mursi
Has as leader Suliman abu Ghaith
Member of Mubarak al Duri
Has as leader Mohammed Jamal Khalifa
Member of Rashid Rauf
Has as leader Adnan Shukrijumah
Has as leader Ilyas Kashmiri
Has as leader Sheikh Abu Yahia al-Libi
Member of Khalid al-Fawwaz
Member of Mohammed Haydar Zammar
Member of Wali Khan Amin Shah
Member of Wadih El-Hage
Has as leader Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri
Has as leader Tayyib al-Madani
Member of Ihab Ali Nawawi
Member of Ali Mohamed
Member of Azzam
Member of Hamden Khalif Allah Awad
Member of Salim Ahmed Hamdan
Member of Ahmed Muhammad al-Darbi
Has as leader Mustafa Setmarian Nasar
Member of L'Houssaine Kherchtou
Member of Raed Hijazi
Member of Jamal al-Badawi
Member of Abu Jandal
Member Abdallah Tabarak
Al-Qaeda was a participant or observer in the following events:
Page 12 of 12 (1118 events)
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June 27, 2010: CIA Director Panetta Says Only 50-100 Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan; Bin Laden Is in Pakistan's Tribal Region
CIA Director Leon Panetta tells ABC News that there are on 50 to 100 al-Qaeda operatives left in Afghanistan, and Osama bin Laden is hiding in Pakistan's tribal region. He says that the number of al-Qaeda operatives in Afghanistan is "relatively small.… At most, we're looking at 50 to 100, maybe less. It's in that vicinity. There's no question that the main location of al-Qaeda is in the tribal areas of Pakistan." He also says that bin Laden "is in an area of the tribal areas of Pakistan." He concedes that the CIA has not had good intelligence on bin Laden's location for a long time. "It's been a while. I think it goes back almost to the early 2000s, you know in terms of actually when [bin Laden] was leaving from Afghanistan to Pakistan that we had the last precise information about where he might be located. Since then it has been very difficult to get any intelligence on his exact location." (Date 6/27/2010) Almost a year later, bin Laden will be assassinated in his Pakistan hideout (see May 2, 2011).
July 26, 2010: Former ISI Director Gul Allegedly Recently Linked to Islamist Militants
A Washington Post article suggests that Hamid Gul, head of the ISI from 1987 to 1989, has been frequently linked to recent Islamist militant activity. The ISI is Pakistan's intelligence agency, and in the 1980s Gul worked closely with the US to support the mujahedeen in Afghanistan and defeat the Soviets there (see April 1987). The Post article states that "more than two decades later, it appears that General Gul is still at work. [Newly leaked] documents indicate that he has worked tirelessly to reactivate his old networks, employing familiar allies like Jalaluddin Haqqani and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, whose networks of thousands of fighters are responsible for waves of violence in Afghanistan." The Post is referring to thousands of classified US government documents made public by WikiLeaks, a non-profit whistleblower group. The documents often appear to be raw intelligence that sometimes turns out to be inaccurate. But nonetheless, the Post notes that "General Gul is mentioned so many times in the reports, if they are to be believed, that it seems unlikely that Pakistan's current military and intelligence officials could not know of at least some of his wide-ranging activities."
Link to Recent Taliban and Al-Qaeda Activity - For example, according to one intelligence report, Gul met with a group of militants in South Waziristan (in Pakistan's tribal region), on January 5, 2009. He allegedly met with Taliban and al-Qaeda figures, and planned an attack to avenge the death of al-Qaeda leader Usama al-Kini (a.k.a. Fahid Muhammad Ally Msalam), who had been killed several days earlier by a US drone strike (see January 1, 2009). The group discussed driving a truck rigged with explosives into Afghanistan to be used against US forces there. According to another report, in January 2008, Gul directed the Taliban to kidnap high-level United Nations personnel in Afghanistan to trade for captured Pakistani soldiers. (Stein 7/26/2010)
Gul Frequently Mentioned in Intelligence Reports - Gul lives openly in an exclusive district of Islamabad, Pakistan's capital, and he frequently shares his pro-Taliban views with reporters. But a Der Spiegel article published on this day notes that the nearly 92,000 documents recently published by WikiLeaks "suggest that Gul is more than just a garrulous old man. If the accusations are true, Gul isn't just an ally of the Taliban in spirit, but is also supplying them with weapons and thereby actively taking part in the fight against Western forces. Gul is effectively being accused of being an important helper of the Taliban, and possibly even one of their leaders." In fact, "The name Hamid Gul appears more often than virtually any other" in the documents. (Kazim 7/26/2010)
Gul Still Linked to Pakistani Government? - Gul denies all the allegations. Pakistani officials also deny that Gul still works with the ISI in any way. But the Post reports: "Despite his denials, General Gul keeps close ties to his former employers. When a reporter visited General Gul this spring for an interview at his home, the former spy master canceled the appointment. According to his son, he had to attend meetings at army headquarters." (Stein 7/26/2010) In late 2008, the US government attempted to put Gul on a United Nations list of terrorist supporters, but apparently that move has been blocked by other countries (see December 7, 2008).
August 2010: Pakistani Intelligence Starts Monitoring Alleged Al-Qaeda Facilitator Living Two Miles from Bin Laden's Hideout
Pakistani intelligence begins monitoring Tahir Shehzad, an apparent al-Qaeda facilitator who lives in the town of Abbottabad, Pakistan. Shehzad lives only about two miles away from where Osama bin Laden is hiding, but apparently Pakistani investigators are not aware of bin Laden's hideout at this time.
Who Is Shehzad? - Shehzad works as a clerk in Abbottabad's main post office. One relative will later say that Shehzad was "a jihadist through and through." According to an article published in April 2011, shortly before the US raid on bin Laden's hideout, Shehzad is first suspected in 2010 when he is spotted with an "Arab terror suspect." The name of this suspect has not yet been made public. (Brummitt and Shahzad 4/14/2011; Mir 5/3/2011; Mayr 5/18/2011) Another account will claim that Shehzad was monitored after he was received suspiciously large cash transfers. (Lamb 5/23/2011) Shehzad will be arrested in January 2011 after he leaves Abbottabad to meet two suspected militants from France in a nearby town. He will then confess the location of Indonesian militant leader Umar Patek, who is arrested in Abbottabad that same month (see January 25, 2011).
Alternate Account for Bin Laden Intel? - The News, a Pakistani newspaper, will later report that anonymous Pakistani government sources claim the surveillance and then arrest of Shehzad led Pakistani investigators to bin Laden's hideout before the US raid that kills bin Laden in May 2011 (see May 2, 2011). Furthermore, these same sources claim that the Shehzad lead is the real intelligence coup that led to the US raid. (Mir 5/3/2011) An unnamed CIA official will later say, "It is quite possible a false or partial narrative was given of how bin Laden was found. … Intelligence can only function in silence and in the dark - protecting source and method is very important." (Lamb 5/23/2011)
September 9, 2010: ABC Interviews Pastor Planning to Burn 'Evil, Deceptive' Koran
Terry Jones. [Source: ABC News]ABC's Terry Moran interviews Terry Jones, the pastor of a small church in Gainesville, Florida, who has gained notoriety by publicly announcing his intention to burn a Koran as part of what he has called "International Burn a Koran Day" (see July 12, 2010 and After). Jones says he and his church have conducted demonstrations before against the Islamic religion, which he calls "evil" and a source of worldwide terrorism. His plans, as they now stand, are to burn a Koran on September 11, in commemoration, he says, of those who died during the 9/11 attacks, and to protest "radical Islam" and "Shari'a law." Such an act is itself "radical," he admits, but "we feel that a radical message is necessary. We also want to send a message to the moderate Muslim to stay peaceful and moderate. We live in America, we have freedom of speech, freedom of religion, they are more than welcome to be here, worship, build mosques, but we do not want as it appears to be in parts of the world after they gain in numbers in population they begin to push Shari'a law, that type of government. We expect the Muslims that are here in America to respect honor, obey, submit to our Constitution." Jones says he has no problem burning the holy book of another religion, and cites Scripture which he says justifies the burning of books that are "damaging" and "dangerous" to a Christian society. He denies that the planned burning is a "publicity stunt," and says he and his church members are "risking our lives" by carrying through with their plans: "We have had over a hundred death threats. Some of them have been very graphic."
Admits Most Muslims Will Be 'Hurt and Insulted' by Koran Burning - Jones admits that most of the world's Muslims will be "hurt and insulted" by the Koran-burning, and explains: "Well, when people burn the flag, when they burn the Bible, when they burn down churches, I'm also hurt and insulted. But we feel that this message to that radical element is that important. In fact to a certain extent we would expect moderate Muslims to agree with us. We would expect for them to say the burning of the Koran we don't agree with, that's not a message that we agree with. We do not believe that this man, this church, this society should burn our holy book, there is no problem with that. But the message we are trying to send with that even Muslims should agree with. We are trying to send a message to the radical element of Islam. They should also be against that. Because it makes their religion look very, very bad. They should also stand to that and say: 'Yes, that we agree with. We do not want Shari'a law. We do not want radical fanaticism Islam.'"
'Millions of People ... Agree with Us' - Told by Moran that "millions" of American Christians are "revolted" by his plans to burn a Koran, Jones responds that "there are also millions of people who agree with us." He cites polls that his church has conducted, and that he says prove between "40 and 60 percent of the population agree with us.… We've had several times pastors come here saying: 'We are in agreement with you, what you are doing is right, or anyway the message that you are wanting to send is right. But we can't say anything. If we do we will lose our congregation.' We have people who work for large companies have stopped out front and said, 'We are in agreement with you but if we say anything we will be fired.' That is in a country where we supposedly have free speech."
Holy War? - Asked if his burning of a Koran and his invitation to Christians to join in the burning are not incitements to "holy war," Jones responds: "If [American Christians] have a problem with the burning of the Koran, that's fine. I realize the actual burning of the Koran is a radical statement we feel very convinced about it, we plan on doing it, we feel its very necessary. But if Christians were to say that's too much for us or just normal people, they say the actual burning of the Koran is too much for us, that's fine. I can absolutely understand that. That is no problem. But they should, all Christians should agree with our message. Our message is that radical Islam is dangerous, let's keep an eye on it, let's say no to it. and from a Christian standpoint they have to agree with us. Because according to Christianity, Jesus Christ is the only way. And the Koran does not recognize the resurrection, the virgin birth, that Jesus died for our sins, that he's the son of God, that he's God. So from the Christian standpoint they must agree with us." Jones says that if Jesus Christ were alive today, he would "absolutely" join in the burning of Korans. Moran says the burning of a Koran is "hateful," and asks if there is not some other way to get his message across. Jones says that radical Islamists must be met by radical acts from those such as himself who oppose them. He says that no Muslim, moderate or radical, should react with violence to any such Koran-burning: "I don't like it when they burn the Bible. I don't like it when in Afghanistan when they burn the flag but I also do not serve a god of violence. It doesn't make me want to kill people. It doesn't make me want to storm an embassy. It doesn't make me want to call for the death of the president and that is what we are trying to reveal. Of course its insulting. Of course it's not a nice thing to do." The burning would not be an act of "holy war," he insists.
Concerns from Military Commander - Moran tells Jones that General David Petraeus, the commander of US forces in the Middle East, has expressed his concern about any such Koran-burning (see September 6, 2010), and warned that such an action would jeopardize the lives and safety of US troops in Afghanistan and Iraq; moreover, such an action would be used to recruit Muslims to extremist groups such as al-Qaeda. Jones calls Petraeus's concerns "valid," but says to call off the Koran-burning would be "backing down," and he has no intention of doing so.
Turning the Other Cheek - Moran asks, "Didn't Jesus say love your enemy and if you're struck on one cheek, turn the other cheek?" Jones agrees, and says that Christians should follow that principle "90 percent" or "95 percent, 99 percent of the time." However, this is not one of those times, he says. "[N]ow is not the time to turn the other cheek, now is the time to face challenge."
Rejection by Fellow Christians - Other Christian churches in Gainesville are conducting services where passages from the Koran are being read, to oppose Jones's plans and to encourage outreach towards Muslims. Jones calls those actions "an abomination," and says only the Bible should be read in any Christian church. "[F]or us to read that book from pulpits, that, that is absolutely terrible.… Christianity is not open minded.… And when we do acts like that we have left the Bible, those people are not Christians, those men of God do not represent Jesus Christ." He acknowledges that his Koran-burning may put fellow Gainesville Christians and others at risk of reprisal, but says the symbolic action is worth the risk.
Problems with Law Enforcement - Jones says he and his church have been repeatedly denied open-burn permits by local officials, in what he says are efforts to prevent him from burning the Koran in the front yard of the church as planned. He calls the denials an abrogation of his First Amendment rights, and compares his actions to the civil disobedience practiced by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. during the civil rights protests. The FBI and local police will be on hand on September 11 for the burning, he says.
Conclusion - The interview concludes as follows:
Moran: "And as of right now you're going to go forward and burn Korans on Sept. 11th."
Jones: "As of right now our plans are to still burn the Koran on Sept. 11th. Yes."
Moran: "Such a hurtful thing to do to somebody."
Jones: "It's an insult. But we feel that the end message is more important than the insult. Of course it's not a compliment when you burn the bible or the flag or the Muslims' Koran, obviously not."
Moran: "It's sacrireligious, it's a desecration of what they hold sacred and precious."
Jones: "To them. Of course to us, the Koran is an evil book, an evil deceptive book." (Moran 9/9/2010)
September 9-10, 2010: Pastor Calls Off Plans to Burn Koran
A photo of Terry Jones standing in front of a sign announcing 'International Burn a Koran Day,' originally planned for September 11, 2010. [Source: London Daily Mail]Terry Jones, the pastor of a small church in Gainesville, Florida, called the Dove World Outreach Center, calls off his announced plan to burn copies of the Koran, apparently in response to worldwide condemnation and pleas to abandon the idea (see July 12, 2010 and After and September 6-9, 2010). Among many voices raised against Jones is a stern adjuration from President Obama that to burn a Koran, as Jones had announced he would, amounted to placing American troops in danger and serving as a recruitment tool for al-Qaeda (see September 10, 2010). Jones and his associate pastor, Wayne Sapp, announce the decision on September 9, and on the morning of September 10, appear on NBC's morning talk show The Today Show to discuss the situation. They are interviewed in the studio by Carl Quintanilla. Jones says he and Sapp have come to New York to try to talk with a local imam, Feisal Abdul Rauf, about announced plans to build the Cordoba Center, a Muslim community center and mosque, a few blocks from the former World Trade Center. (The Center will later be renamed Park51.) Jones says he has already received assurances from Imam Muhammad Musri, the president of the Islamic Society of Central Florida, that the Cordoba Center will be relocated. However, Musri tells the reporter that no such relocation deal has been struck, but he and Jones intend to meet with Rauf to discuss the proposed relocation. Rauf says he knows of no plans to meet with Musri and Jones, and has no intention of relocating the center. Jones tells Quintanilla: "We feel that we have somewhat of a common denominator in the fact that most people do not want the mosque near Ground Zero. And, of course, I assume all Muslims do not want us to burn the Koran." Jones says the Koran-burning, scheduled for 6 p.m., has been called off. He says: "[W]e feel that whenever we started this out, one of our reasons was to show, to expose that there is an element of Islam that is very dangerous and very radical. I believe that we have definitely accomplished that mission. Even though we have not burned one Koran, we have gotten over 100 death threats, we see what is going around in the whole world even if we do it. We feel a little bit—if you're familiar with the story of Abraham, we feel a little bit like—Abraham was also called to do something very crazy. I mean, God told him to go to the mountain and sacrifice his son. Of course, Abraham was much wiser than us. He told no one. Yeah. So he got to the mountain. He started to do it, and God told him to stop. So we feel—we feel we have accomplished our goal. We were obedient. We feel that God is telling us to stop. And we also hope that with us making this first gesture, not burning the Koran… to say, 'No, we're not going to do it.'… Not today, not ever. We're not going to go back and do it. It is totally canceled. We hope that through that maybe that will open up a door to be able to talk to the iman about—yeah, about the Ground Zero mosque." Quintanilla presses Jones, asking, "[Y]ou can guarantee us today that there will never be a burning of the Koran at your church?" Jones replies, "I can absolutely guarantee you that, yes." Sapp explains that he and Jones do not believe that the entire religion of Islam is extremist, as media reports have quoted them as saying: "I believe there are some teachings that are carried on throughout the entire religion. They are as—as there are in denominations in Christianity—there are facets in Islam as well that push one element more than others. But that element is still alive and well throughout the entire religion." Jones denies that his announced Koran-burning was to garner publicity for himself and his church, calling the planned burning "a mission" and attacking Islam's "radical" elements. He also denies that the death threats he says he and his church members have received had anything to do with their decision not to go through with the Koran-burning. A "Burn a Koran Day" banner outside the Dove World Outreach Center has been taken down. (Caruso 9/9/2010; MSNBC 9/11/2010) Later in the day, Jones adds that his decision was swayed by a telephone call he received from Defense Secretary Robert Gates (see September 9, 2010), what he terms a promise by Rauf to meet with him, and what he calls a firm promise by Musri that the Cordoba Center will be relocated. He will later accuse Rauf of lying and by the evening, indicates that plans to burn the Koran may be again in the offing (see September 10, 2010). Jones will indeed renege on his promise to not burn a Koran "not today, not ever," burning a Koran in a public ceremony in March 2011 (see March 20, 2011). The Koran-burning will trigger a protest in Afghanistan that kills 11 people, including seven UN staffers and guards (see April 1, 2011).
October 2010: Hamburg 9/11 Cell Member Bahaji Revealed to Be Working with Al-Qaeda Propaganda Team; US Still Doesn't Put Him on Wanted List
Rami Makanesi. [Source: DAPD]In June 2010, Rami Makanesi, a German militant of Syrian descent, is arrested in Pakistan and quickly deported to Germany. He becomes a key source of information on recent al-Qaeda activity, and in return gets only a four-year sentence in Germany. In October 2010, he is shown photographs of al-Qaeda suspects, and he recognizes Said Bahaji in one of them. Bahaji is a member of the al-Qaeda Hamburg cell, and fled to Pakistan shortly before the 9/11 attacks (see September 3-5, 2001). He has been wanted in Germany ever since (see September 21, 2001). Makanesi reveals that he spoke to Bahaji in May 2010, in Pakistan's tribal region. Makanesi says that Bahaji "now looks completely different. He has a long beard and longer hair." Bahaji is not considered a high ranking al-Qaeda leader, but he is respected because he has been involved so long. Bahaji now works for As-Sahab, al-Qaeda's propaganda and media effort. He is responsible for As-Sahab's technical infrastructure. (Stark 8/29/2011)
Bahaji Still Not on Any US Wanted List - However, despite this news that Bahaji is not only still alive but continues to have an important al-Qaeda role, the US government has yet to publicly charge Bahaji or put him on any of their most wanted lists, nor has any bounty been announced for him. (Federal Bureau of Investigation 7/13/2011) Bahaji is not even on the FBI's "Seeking Information—War on Terrorism" list. A person does not have to be formally charged to be on that list. (Federal Bureau of Investigation 6/5/2011)
October 18, 2010: Senior NATO Official Says Bin Laden Is in House in Northwest Pakistan, Protected by ISI
An unnamed senior NATO official says that Osama bin Laden is hiding in a house somewhere in northwest Pakistan. Al-Qaeda number two leader Ayman al-Zawahiri is also hiding in a house somewhere nearby, but not in the same place as bin Laden. The official says, "Nobody in al-Qaeda is living in a cave." This person adds that al-Qaeda's top leadership is likely living in relative comfort, protected by locals and some members of the ISI, Pakistan's intelligence agency. Additionally, top Taliban leader Mullah Omar lives in the Pakistani cities of Quetta and Karachi. It is unknown how the NATO official would know all this, but CNN says the person has access to classified information. (Starr 10/18/2010) When a US raid kills bin Laden in May 2011, he will be found in a house in northwest Pakistan (see May 2, 2011), and there will be accusations that the ISI must have protected him there (see May 2, 2011 and After).
November 11, 2010: Darkazanli Still Free in Germany despite Inspiring New Militants
Manfred Murck. [Source: DPA]Manfred Murck, the head of intelligence in Hamburg, Germany, expresses frustration that Mamoun Darkazanli is still not imprisoned. In an interview with CNN, Murck says, "We knew him even before 9/11… we still believe that he was, and maybe still is, a kind of representative of al-Qaeda in Hamburg." Darkazanli was linked to many members of the al-Qaeda Hamburg cell that included a few of the 9/11 hijackers (see October 9, 1999), and he was suspected of belonging to al-Qaeda since the early 1990s (see 1993 and Late 1998), but the German government never developed enough evidence to charge him. He is wanted in Spain, but the German government has refused to extradite him (see Late April 2007). In recent years, Darkazanli became the imam to the Al-Quds mosque, the same mosque attended by Mohamed Atta and others involved in the 9/11 plot who knew Darkazanli. In March 2009, a group of young men who attended Al-Quds left Hamburg for training camps in Pakistan (see March 5, 2009). Some of them were later arrested and confessed to being involved in a plot to attack targets in Europe. German intelligence officials say that Darkazanli was closely tied to Ahmad Sidiqi and Naamen Meziche, two leaders of the group. (And Meziche appears to have been part of the al-Qaeda Hamburg cell before 9/11, but he was never charged with any crime.) Murck believes Darkazanli inspired this latest group of militant recruits, but carefully did so in a way that did not break any laws. He says: "When it comes to the last speeches [Darkazanli] gave them, he told them, 'Allah help to kill our enemies…' so it was very general, it was not, 'Let's kill that one, or destroy that city.' It was more a general cry for help to Allah to help the brothers against the enemies, but it was not enough for our police to open an investigation against him." The Al-Quds mosque was shut down in August 2010 (see August 9, 2010), but German officials are worried that Darkazanli may start preaching at another mosque, which could start a new legal battle. (Robertson and Cruickshank 11/11/2010)
January 25, 2011: Indonesian Militant Arrest Points to Bin Laden's Hideout in Abbottabad, Pakistan
Abdul Hameed Sohail at his house in Abbottabad. [Source: Associated Press]On January 25, 2011, radical militant Umar Patek is arrested by Pakistani intelligence agents in a house in Abbottabad, Pakistan. Patek is Indonesia's most wanted terrorist suspect at the time, because he is the only major suspect wanted for the 2002 Bali bombing who has not yet been killed or captured. The US issued a $1 million bounty on him in 2005 (see October 6, 2005 and After). Patek has $1 million in cash on him when he is arrested, and he is shot in the leg during the arrest. News of Patek's arrest will become public in late March 2011 (see March 30, 2011). (Toosi 5/4/2011; Randall and Buncombe 5/8/2011) The CIA worked with other countries to get Patek. But Patek stays imprisoned in Pakistan, unlike many other terrorist suspects captured in Pakistan who are deported to the US or elsewhere. (Gannon and Dozier 3/30/2011)
Is Patek There to See to Bin Laden? - After Osama bin Laden is killed in Abbottabad in May 2011 (see May 2, 2011), an unnamed senior US counterterrorism official will say that Patek's presence in the town "appears to have been pure coincidence" and there is no evidence that Patek was meeting with bin Laden there. However, Indonesian Defense Minister Purnomo Yusgiantoro will later say, "The information we have is that Umar Patek… was in Pakistan with his Filipino wife trying to meet Osama Bin Laden." Indonesian counterterrorism official Chairul Akbar will further explain that Patek was there to meet bin Laden and get his "support and protection." Akbar says that Patek "was instructed to go to Abbottabad to meet other militants." He will also claim that Patek may have met other al-Qaeda leaders in Pakistan, but he had not yet met with bin Laden before his arrest. (Associated Press 5/4/2011) Patek's arrest takes place less than two miles away from where bin Laden is hiding. (Mayr 5/18/2011)
Link to Bin Laden's Key Courier - The Independent will report after bin Laden's death that Patek met with Ibrahim Saeed Ahmed (a.k.a. Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti), an al-Qaeda courier who is living with bin Laden in an Abbottabad compound at the time. By this time, US intelligence is intensively monitoring the compound and everyone in it (see August 2010-May 2, 2011). However, the compound is not searched by the Pakistanis during the raid that got Patek, or in the months afterward. (Sengupta 5/3/2011)
Link to Another Al-Qaeda Courier - Additionally, two French men, Sharaf Deen and Zohaib Afza, are arrested in Lahore, Pakistan, on January 23, 2001. One of them was born in Pakistan and the other was a convert to Islam. A Pakistani named Tahir Shehzad is arrested with them. Investigators will later say that they trailed Shehzad from Abbottabad to Lahore, and that the French men planned to travel with Patek to Pakistan's tribal region where many al-Qaeda leaders are hiding. Shehzad gave up Patek's location, which led to his arrest two days later. Later press reports will call Shehzad an "alleged al-Qaeda facilitator" who worked as a clerk in the Abbottabad post office. Pakistani intelligence had Shehzad under surveillance since 2010, when he was seen in Abbottabad with an "Arab terror suspect" (see August 2010). (Brummitt and Shahzad 4/14/2011; Keaten and Shahzad 4/14/2011; Mir 5/3/2011)
Waiting in Abbottabad for Someone? - Abbottabad resident Abdul Hameed Sohail will later tell the press that his son found Patek and Patek's wife cold and shivering in the street, and he ended up feeling sorry for them and let them stay in his house. They were given an upstairs room, and for nine days they rarely left the room or even ate the food that he left for them. Finally, Pakistani officials raided the house, shot Patek, and took him away. Sohail is not arrested. However, his son Kashif is arrested as an accomplice, and will still be in custody three months later. Patek and his wife had arrived in Pakistan five months earlier, traveling with forged passports, but it is not known where they were in Pakistan prior to Abbottabad. (Nor is it known what happens to his wife.) (Brummitt and Shahzad 4/14/2011; Mir 5/3/2011; Mayr 5/18/2011)
CIA Tip Off - It also will later be reported that the CIA gave key information to Pakistan about Patek being in Pakistan, which led to his arrest. It may be that the CIA gave the information that Patek had gone to Pakistan five months earlier under another name. (Gannon and Dozier 3/30/2011) In hindsight, this is interesting since the CIA is part of the surveillance of bin Laden's Abbottabad compound at the time, and news of Patek's arrest could have threatened the effort to find bin Laden.
May 2, 2011: Bin Laden Killed in Pakistan by US Special Forces
Bin Laden's Abbottabad compound in flames. Apparently, the fires are mainly due to a crashed US helicopter. The picture comes from a neighbor's cell phone. [Source: Reuters] (click image to enlarge)Osama bin Laden is shot and killed inside a secured private residential compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, according to US government sources. The operation is carried out by US Navy SEAL Team Six, the "Naval Special Warfare Development Group." The covert operation takes place at 1:00 a.m. local time (+4:30GMT). Two US helicopters from bases in Afghanistan fly low over the compound in Abbottabad, and 30 to 40 SEALs disembark and storm the compound. According to White House sources, bin Laden and at least four others are killed. The team is on the ground for only 40 minutes; most of that time is spent searching the compound for information about al-Qaeda and its plans. The helicopters are part of the 160th Special Ops Air Regiment, itself a detachment from the Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC). The CIA oversees the operation, but the operation is tasked to, and carried out by, Special Forces. When President Obama announces bin Laden's death, he says: "His demise should be welcomed by all who believe in peace and human dignity. Justice has been done." Of the soldiers that eliminated bin Laden, and the other military personnel deployed in Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, and elsewhere, Obama says: "We are reminded that we are fortunate to have Americans who dedicate their lives to protecting ours. We may not always know their names, we may not always know their stories, but they are there every day on the front lines of freedom and we are truly blessed." The members of Team Six are never identified, and it is unlikely their names will ever be made public. (Staff 5/1/2011; MURRAY 5/2/2011) Bin Laden is said to have ordered the 9/11 attacks, among other al-Qaeda strikes against American and Western targets. In a 1997 CNN interview, he declared "jihad," or "holy war," against the US. He had been number one on American military and law enforcement "Most Wanted" lists well before the 9/11 attacks. (Staff 5/1/2011)
Shoftly After May 2, 2011: Bin Laden's Death Reignites Debate over Usefulness of US Torture Techniques
Osama bin Laden's killing by US forces on May 2, 2011 (see May 2, 2011) reignites the debate about the usefulness of the torture techniques used by US intelligence. The debate centers on how US intelligence learned about bin Laden's location and whether the torture of prisoners helped find him.
Courier Provides the Key Lead - According to Obama administration officials, bin Laden was located through US intelligence agencies' "patient and detailed intelligence analysis" of "a mosaic of sources," including evidence garnered from detained inmates at Guantanamo Bay. The first clue to bin Laden's whereabouts came when US intelligence learned of an al-Qaeda courier that worked with bin Laden, Ibrahim Saeed Ahmed, who used the pseudonym "Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti." Ahmed is one of those killed during the Abbottabad raid. US intelligence had known of Ahmed since 2002, after a Kuwaiti detainee told interrogators about him, and it has taken this long for CIA and other intelligence officers to identify him, locate him, track his communications, and then follow him to the large and well fortified compound in Abbottabad.
Do Bush Administration Techniques Deserve Credit? - Some former Bush administration officials, such as former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and former Justice Department legal adviser John Yoo, claim that the Bush administration and not the Obama administration deserves the credit for finding bin Laden. According to a report in the Christian Science Monitor, "the former director of the CIA's Counterterrorism Center, Jose Rodriguez, said the first important leads about Kuwaiti came from alleged 9/11 mastermind Khalid Shaikh Mohammed (KSM) and Abu Faraj al-Libbi, the third-ranking al-Qaeda leader at the time of his capture." KSM was repeatedly waterboarded (see March 7 - Mid-April, 2003). (richey 5/5/2011) Former Attorney General Michael Mukasey states that the path to bin Laden "began with a disclosure from Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, who broke like a dam under the pressure of harsh interrogation techniques that included waterboarding. He loosed a torrent of information—including eventually the nickname of a trusted courier of bin Laden." (Mukasy 5/2/2011)
Rebuttal from CIA Director Panetta - However, according to information in a letter CIA Director Leon Panetta sends to Senator John McCain, these assertions are false or misleading. In the letter, Panetta says: "Nearly 10 years of intensive intelligence work led the CIA to conclude that bin Laden was likely hiding at the compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan. There was no one 'essential and indispensible' key piece of information that led us to this conclusion. Rather, the intelligence picture was developed via painstaking collection and analysis. Multiple streams of intelligence—including from detainees, but also from multiple other sources—led CIA analysts to conclude that bin Laden was at this compound. Some of the detainees who provided useful information about the facilitator/courier's role had been subjected to enhanced interrogation techniques. Whether those techniques were the 'only timely and effective way' to obtain such information is a matter of debate and cannot be established definitively. What is definitive is that that information was only a part of multiple streams of intelligence that led us to bin Laden. Let me further point out that we first learned about the facilitator/courier's nom de guerre from a detainee not in CIA custody in 2002. It is also important to note that some detainees who were subjected to enhanced interrogation techniques attempted to provide false or misleading information about the facilitator/courier. These attempts to falsify the facilitator/courier's role were alerting. In the end, no detainee in CIA custody revealed the facilitator/courier's full true name or specific whereabouts. This information was discovered through other intelligence means." (Sargent 5/16/2011)
Officials Says Torture Techinques Played No Role - Also, nine US military interrogators and intelligence officials state in an open letter: "The use of waterboarding and other so-called 'enhanced' interrogation techniques almost certainly prolonged the hunt for bin Laden and complicated the jobs of professional US interrogators who were trying to develop useful information from unwilling sources like Khalid Sheikh Mohammed. Reports say that Khalid Shaikh Mohammed and Abu Faraq al-Libi did not divulge the nom de guerre of a courier during torture, but rather several months later, when they were questioned by interrogators who did not use abusive techniques." (al 5/4/2011)
May 3, 2011: US Congressperson Says at Least 12 of 20 Senior Al-Qaeda Leaders Are Hiding in Pakistan
The United States believes that at least a dozen senior leaders of al-Qaeda are on the run in Pakistan, according to Representative Mike Rogers (R-MI). He says, "Of the 20 senior leaders in al-Qaeda, at least a dozen of them we believe to be traveling around Pakistan someplace." Rogers chairs the House Intelligence Committee, and is privy to secret intelligence not even most other members of Congress are briefed about. His comments come one day after Osama bin Laden was killed in Pakistan (see May 2, 2011). The Telegraph publishes a list of the 12 wanted in Pakistan, which seems to be based on intelligence from Rogers:
Ayman al-Zawahiri. He is al-Qaeda's second-in-command, and presumably the top al-Qaeda leader now that bin Laden has been killed.
Saif al-Adel. He possibly is al-Qaeda's military chief. Possibly recently released from house arrest in Iran.
Suliman Abu Ghaith. He was al-Qaeda's spokesperson until he was detained in Iran in 2002 or 2003. He apparently was allowed to leave in 2010 (see September 29, 2010), and it is believed he has rejoined al-Qaeda.
Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah. He is said to be on al-Qaeda's top council. He may also be in Iran.
Adnan Shukrijumah. He used to live in the US, and he may be in charge of al-Qaeda operations in North America.
Rashid Rauf. He was involved in a 2006 plot to blow up airplanes in Britain (see August 10, 2006). He escaped from a Pakistani prison in 2007 (see December 14, 2007), and was reported killed by a US drone attack in 2008 (see November 22, 2008), but some sources say he is still alive.
Ilyas Kashmiri. He is thought to have masterminded some recent attacks in India and Pakistan.
Hakimullah Mahsud. He is leader of the Tehrik-i-Taliban (the Pakistani Taliban), a group said to be closely allied with the Taliban and al-Qaeda. (Moore 5/3/2011)
Ghulam Mustafa. He may have been al-Qaeda's chief in Pakistan, but he was arrested and released twice by the Pakistani government between 2004 and 2006. Other militants now suspect him because of his suspiciously quick releases from prison, but he is still wanted by the US. (Shahzad 1/5/2006; Moore 5/3/2011)
Sheikh Abu Yahia al-Libi. He escaped from a US prison in Afghanistan in 2005 (see July 11, 2005), and has become a respected religious figure for al-Qaeda.
Anas al-Liby. The US has a $5 million reward for him. He may have been arrested in 2002 (see January 20, 2002- March 20, 2002).
Qari Saifullah Akhtar. He is the leader of the Harkat ul-Jihad al-Islami (HUJI, or the Movement of Islamic Holy War), a Pakistani militant group. He also is an alleged member of al-Qaeda who was released by Pakistan from custody in December 2010. (Moore 5/3/2011)
May 6, 2011: Alleged Al-Qaeda Statement Confirms Bin Laden's Death, Vows Revenge
A statement allegedly by al-Qaeda confirms the death of top al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden and vows revenge. The statement is dated May 3, 2011, one day after the reported time of bin Laden's death (see May 2, 2011), but it is posted on Islamist militant websites on May 6. The statement reads, in part: "The blood of the holy warrior sheik, Osama bin Laden, God bless him, is too precious to us and to all Muslims to go in vain.… We will remain, God willing, a curse chasing the Americans and their agents, following them outside and inside their countries.… Soon, God willing, their happiness will turn to sadness… their blood will be mingled with their tears." The 11-paragraph statement emphasizes the continuation of al-Qaeda despite bin Laden's death. "Sheik Osama didn't build an organization to die when he dies.… The soldiers of Islam will continue in groups and united, plotting and planning without getting bored, tired, with determination, without giving up until striking a blow." The statement's authenticity cannot be independently confirmed, but it is posted on websites the group usually uses to put out its messages. (Michael 5/6/2011)
May 6, 2011: Indian and US Intelligence Knew Abbottabad Was Major Al-Qaeda and Taliban Stronghold
Radio Free Europe reports that RAW, India's external intelligence agency, had long known Abbottabad, Pakistan, was a major al-Qaeda and Taliban operations center. RAW had put the town on a list of such operations centers prior to the US raid that killed Osama bin Laden on May 2, 2011 (see May 2, 2011). The article claims that "[t]he US was watching carefully as well." For instance, Abbottabad was used by Islamic militant groups to train new recruits for at least a decade (see July 2001). (Choksy and Choksy 5/6/2011)
History of Militant Links - Several militant camps have existed near Abbottabad since the 1990s (see May 22, 2011). Key al-Qaeda leaders lived in the town around 2004, and US intelligence was aware of this (see 2004 and After April 2004). An important Indonesian militant leader, Umar Patek, was arrested in Abbottabad in January 2011 (see January 25, 2011). One day after bin Laden's death, neighbors told the Wall Street Journal that there had been a recent influx of suspicious Arabs in the town. (Hussain and Mehsud 5/3/2011)
Completely Contradictory Accounts - On May 4, an unnamed senior US official told the Wall Street Journal that Abbottabad was "a place we always looked" because "we always figured that Osama bin Laden would not be in a cave." (Entous, Barnes, and Rosenberg 5/4/2011) Yet, on May 5, an unnamed former US intelligence official involved in trying to find bin Laden told the Washington Post, "Abbottabad is not a place where Islamic extremists went, because it wasn't a stronghold." The official added that when analysts considered likely locations for him, "Abbottabad wouldn't be on that list." (Woodward 5/6/2011)
May 9, 2011: Pakistani Prime Minister Orders Inquiry into Who Knew of Bin Laden's Hideout; ISI Seems Absolved in Advance
Pakistani Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani announces that he has ordered the Pakistani army to investigate how Osama bin Laden managed to hide in Pakistan for many years (see May 2, 2011). The investigation will be carried out by the army's adjutant general, Lieutenant General Javed Iqbal. However, at the same time, Gillani says that it is "disingenuous" to blame any part of the Pakistani government for being "in cahoots" with al-Qaeda. "Allegations of complicity or incompetence are absurd. We didn't invite Osama bin Laden to Pakistan," he says. He specifically defends the ISI, Pakistan's intelligence agency, which has been repeatedly accused of supporting some Islamist militants, saying: "The ISI is a national asset and has the full support of the government. We are proud of its considerable contribution to the anti-terror campaign." (Walsh 5/9/2011)
May 13, 2011: Bhutto Allegedly Believed Bin Laden Was Hidden and Protected by ISI
Former US Representative Michael D. Barnes (D-MD) claims that ex-Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto firmly believed Osama bin Laden was being protected by the ISI, Pakistan's intelligence agency. Barnes says that he was a good friend of Bhutto before her assassination in 2007, and he regularly socialized with her when she visited the US. He says that on more than one occasion, she told him that she was virtually certain bin Laden was not living in a remote mountain cave. Instead, she claimed: "He's living comfortably somewhere in Pakistan. He's being supported and protected by Pakistani intelligence. You can bet on it." She also complained that the Taliban, al-Qaeda, and the ISI were "in cahoots," working together to attack US forces in Afghanistan. She felt her own life could be in danger (see December 27, 2007) because of her opposition to this covert Pakistani policy. (Barnes 5/13/2011)
June 10, 2011: Al-Qaeda's Top East African Leader Fazul Killed by Chance in Somalia Checkpoint Shootout
Fazul Abdullah Mohammed and associate killed in Somalia 2011. (It is not clear which body is Mohammed's.) [Source: Farah Abdi Warsameh / Associated Press]Fazul Abdullah Mohammed (a.k.a. Haroun Fazul), al-Qaeda's alleged top leader in Eastern Africa, is killed in a shootout at a security checkpoint in Mogadishu, Somalia.
Fazul's Luck Runs Out - Fazul and another militant are driving in of militant-controlled parts Mogadishu at night, and they mistakenly drive up to a checkpoint run by opposing Somali government soldiers. They attempt to drive through the checkpoint, but they are shot and killed by the soldiers before they can escape. The soldiers initially have no idea who he is. But after they search the car and discover $40,000 in cash, several laptop computers, cell phones, and other equipment, they realize he must be an important foreigner. US officials then confirm his identity with a DNA test. A Somali security official says: "This was lucky. It wasn't like Fazul was killed during an operation to get him. He was essentially driving around Mogadishu and got lost."
Fazul's importance in East Africa - The US had put a $5 million bounty on Fazul, primarily because he was considered one of the masterminds of the 1998 US embassy bombings. He was also said to have played a key role in a 2002 Kenya bombing that killed fifteen. In addition to his role as long-time regional leader for al-Qaeda, it is said he also was a top field commander for the Shabab, an al-Qaeda-linked Islamist militant group in control of large parts of Somalia. He was involved in bomb attacks, helped raise money in the Arab world for Somali militants, and helped bring many militants from other countries to Somalia. He was from the Comoros Islands in the Indian Ocean. US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton says, "Fazul's death is a significant blow to al-Qaeda, its extremist allies, and its operations in East Africa." (Gettleman 6/11/2011)
June 23, 2011: Cell Phone Data Suggests Militant Group with ISI Ties Might Have Helped with Bin Laden's Abbottabad Hideout
A cell phone could link Osama bin Laden to an Islamist militant group with ties to the ISI, Pakistan's intelligence agency, the New York Times reports. The US military raid that killed bin Laden in his Abbottabad hideout on May 2, 2011 (see May 2, 2011) also killed a courier who had links to Harkat-ul-Mujahedeen, an Islamist militant group in Pakistan with links to the ISI. This suggests that the ISI may have been indirectly linked to bin Laden in his hideout.
Links to Harkat Could Lead to ISI - The cell phone of bin Laden's trusted courier Ibrahim Saeed Ahmed (also known as Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti) was recovered by US forces during the raid. The New York Times reports that senior US officials say the cell phone contains contacts to Harkat-ul-Mujahedeen. This group has long been considered an asset of the ISI. Tracing the phone calls, US intelligence analysts determined Harkat leaders in communication with Ahmed had called ISI officials. One Harkat leader met an ISI official in person. No "smoking gun" showing the ISI protected bin Laden has been found so far. However, the Times says that this raises "tantalizing questions about whether the group and others like it helped shelter and support bin Laden on behalf of Pakistan's spy agency, given that it had mentored Harkat and allowed it to operate in Pakistan for at least 20 years."
Harkat Has Strong Local Presence - Harkat is said to have a strong presence in the area around Abbottabad. The group has training camps and other facilities in Mansehra, only a few miles away. Bin Laden's courier Ahmed appears to have stopped by a camp in Mansehra belonging to a Harkat splinter group, Jaish-e-Mohammed. Members of Harkat are able to move freely within Pakistan. Even now, the group's top leader, Maulana Fazlur Rehman Khalil, lives openly in the Pakistani capital of Islamabad, about 30 miles away from Abbottabad. Analysts suspect this support network could explain why bin Laden chose to hide where he did. Harkat also has a presence in Pakistan's tribal region where many al-Qaeda operatives are believed to live, so bin Laden could have used it to send money and messages back and forth to the tribal region.
Harkat 'Very, Very Close to the ISI' - Former CIA officer Bruce Riedel says that Harkat "is one of the oldest and closest allies of al-Qaeda, and they are very, very close to the ISI. The question of ISI and Pakistani Army complicity in bin Laden's hide-out now hangs like a dark cloud over the entire relationship" between Pakistan and the US. (Gall, Shah, and Schmitt 6/23/2011)


This article is a bit technical, but in short; here is how we ended up with a fully electric sample roaster. Like Thomas Alva Edison, we had several tries until we achieved what we wanted.
Our first prototype back in 2014 was designed for electric heating. The primary heat source was a 3300W heating element designed to produce hot air. We also included twelve 50W heating cartridges in the outer drum wall for pre-heating. The purpose of the cartridges was to heat the machine faster, but we soon realised that they were unnecessary and that they just created a huge spagetti of wires.
Our main problem at this stage was the heat transfer from the heating element to the drum. Even though we had a very powerful fan, the response was very slow and we burned up a variety of heating elements in the search for the optimal setup. We didn't find it.
Then, one Sunday, after Trond had been out camping and he brought with him a Primus camping gas to the workshop. We changed the direction of the heat inlet from horizontal to vertical and put the 2000W gas burner below.
After working all those hours with electricity, we were amazed by the sudden response. The instant heat was too much for the coffee beans, but we changed the rotation of the paddles and suddenly we actually had a decent manual sample roaster.
Satisfied with our improved roasting results, we went up to Morten Wennersgaard in Nordic Approach to get an expert opinion. There, we roasted about 10 samples of coffee and blind cupped them along with 4 roasts from their sample roaster.
Morten selected 2 of our roasts as the "winners" of the cupping. Needless to say, that gave us a boost to start producing the next gas-powered prototype.
In prototype 2 to 4, we used a 3kW pilot gas burner. Pilot means that it was designed to ignite larger gas burners, not to roast coffee. It was far from ideal for our use, but it worked.
For control, we used two Fuji PIDs and we logged through a programme called Artisan. That also worked. We were able to roast consistent, to a certain degree, and the coffee cupped OK.
Our main challenge in this period was mechanical. We knew how we wanted to roast the coffee beans, but we needed a reliable solution for dropping the beans.
For prototype 5, we made a custom gas burner and custom electronics. That changed everything, we got control, consistency, and the roasting was greatly improved.
This was also the prototype where we solved our mechanical problems and the first prototype with our award winning design. It was time to get out of Sverre´s basement!
With the good results from prototype 5, we were so enthusiastic that we started development of improved custom electronics and decided to make 10 units together with four pilot customers in Norway.
Getting a few of the prototypes up and running was done in a few months. Testing and doing changes for optimal control and consistency took a lot longer.
To keep the costs down, we tried to find our own ways of controlling the gas within the frames of the strict gas regulations. Not easy. Existing air-gas ratio control units would do the trick, but would increase the price too much.
Prototype 7 was the most "prototype" of all the prototypes. It just consisted of the roasting chamber and a gas burner. It was made to test a few new engineering solutions. At this stage, most of our time was spent on improving the electronics, mainly on how to better control the gas burner.
In November 2017, after a few weeks of frustration with gas and the gas directive, Sverre decided to try a new concept with electricity. We still had plenty of parts from prototype 1 in the basement, and in three days prototype 7 was transformed into a fully electrical version called 7X.
With a new fan system, our previous problems with heat transfer in prototype 1 were solved.
By the end of the week, we were cupping identical to the gas-powered prototype and what really blew our minds was that we had increased responsiveness and the roaster was much easier to control. The power consumption went down to 1/3 of the consumption in prototype 1, so around 1100W.
This was so good that we started focusing 100 percent on electricity.
Finally, we have the product that we wanted to create! Elegant design combined with optimal performance.


text:
Region: Middle East
Medium: Television
Artist: Al Arabiya
Confronting Bodies: Iraqi governing council and United States government officials
Dates of Action: November, 2003
Description of Artwork: Al Arabiya is a top-rated television stations in the Middle East. It is known for its concise coverage of pan-Arab issues.
The Incident: Al Arabiya, along with another Iraqi tv station, al Jazeera, aired footage of hooded men threatening to kill members of the U.S. appointed Iraqi governing council. The U.S. State Department called this, "irresponsible in the extreme." On 24 November, 2003, al Arabiya aired an audio tape reportedly made by Saddam Hussein, which Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld called, "openly hostile to America." It must be noted that in a poll taken in the Middle East, 63% of the population prefer either al Jazeera or al Arabiya to other news stations.
Results of Incident: The governing council banned the two stations from reporting in Iraq for several weeks.
Source: news.bbc.co.uk
Retrieved from "https://wiki.ncac.org/index.php?title=Al_Arabiya&oldid=9487"
Al Arabiya and al Jazeera

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Eagle Point - Gary Harrington, an Oregon man, will be spending a month in jail, after being convicted on nine misdemeanor charges. His crime? "Illegally" collecting rain water on his own property.
Harrington, who lives in Eagle Point, Oregon, has been fighting for the right to collect rain water since 2002.
Now a decade later, he has been sentenced to 30 days in jail and fined over $1,500 for the man-made ponds he has built on his 170 acres of land. For filling "three illegal reservoirs" on his property with runoff water, Harrington has been convicted on nine misdemeanor charges in Circuit Court.
According to authorities, Harrington broke the law by collecting natural rain water and snow runoff, that landed on his property. Harrington said he stores the water mainly for fire protection.
According to officials with the Medford Water Commission, the water on Harrington's property, whether it came from the sky or not, is considered a tributary of the nearby Crowfoot Creek. Thus it is subject to a 1925 law, giving Medford Water Commission full ownership and rights to the water.
Due to this, prosecutors were able to argue in court that the three man-made boating and fishing ponds on Harrington's property have violated the law.
Harrington says he will attempt to appeal, but as long as the conviction stands, he will have to serve 30 days of imprisonment. He has further been sentenced to an additional three years of probation.
Harrington stated, however, that the 1925 law does not mention anything about collecting snow melt or rainwater, and he believes that he has been falsely accused.
"The withdrawal said the stream and its tributaries. It didn't mention anything about rainwater and it didn't mention anything about snow melt and it didn't mention anything about diffused water, but yet now, they're trying to expand that to include that rain water and they're using me as the goat to do it," he added.
On CNS News, Harrington said that others should be fearful of how they could be attacked next.
He told Associated Press, "When it comes to the point where a rural landowner can't catch rainwater that falls on his land to protect his property, it's gone too far. This should serve as a dire warning to all pond owners."
He states that he was issued permits in 2003 by the state, allowing him to do what he wished with the water on his own property. And although the state Water Resources Department saw no fault at first, they shortly after revoked that license and left Harrington to fight for another nine years.
"The government is bullying. They've just gotten to be big bullies and if you just lay over and die and give up, that just makes them bigger bullies. So, we as Americans, we need to stand on our constitutional rights, on our rights as citizens and hang tough," he told CNS.
"This is a good country, we'll prevail," he states.


In this episode, we demonstrate how to use pace count beads or ranger beads to track distances in the field. This will help you track distances from camp or other important locations. Please subscribe to our channel for more tips, tutorials, and reviews. See the links below for more info: http://www.blackscoutsurvival.com Twitter: @Black_Scout Thanks for watching!
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The Truth About Breaking Zip Ties!
What's In My Fire Kit?


When you go to court for any crime, you obviously do not want to be found guilty. Instead, either an acquittal or a dismissal will allow you to avoid conviction. Either of these outcomes will be a great relief to you, but may not be the end of your legal proceedings.
If you are acquitted, the court comes to a ruling of not guilty or something similar. This means that you are free and clear of the criminal charges that have been brought against you. You cannot be tried again on the same charges unless it is in a civil case. However, this cannot lead to a conviction.
Another possible outcome is dismissal. If your case is dismissed, it means that there was not enough evidence to support the case. Going on with the trial would only be a waste of time. This also clears you of your criminal charges. As with acquittal, you will not be tried again in a criminal court.
Either of these outcomes is desirable. However, neither of them will completely wipe your record. In either case, you were still arrested and still have a criminal record. This is where expungement comes in to play. After you have gone through your criminal case, you can file a civil suit for the expungement of your criminal record.
If you have been through criminal proceedings, contact the Dallas expungement lawyer, Mark T. Lassiter.


Dr Helen Hudson FKC (1919–2006) helped promote education for women and support students at King's for over 20 years.
Helen acquired her first post at King's – Tutor for Women Students – in 1959 and used her position to fight for her female students' welfare. She was often the only woman sat on boards and committees, at a time when Professor Jean Hanson, Biophysics, was the only female professor at King's.
She helped female students secure safe accommodation during their studies after the women's hall in Kensington was sold off. And Helen successfully argued for the male students' Halliday Hall to become a mixed hall, despite being hissed at by the men when first joining them to dine there.
In her role on the admissions board, Helen worked to increase the number of King's College School of Medicine female admissions, which originally had a quota of just 10. During her time there, she interviewed every female student applying to King's, making a point to judge them on their merits rather than gender.
Helen dedicated herself to King's for over 20 years and was particularly passionate about the Chapel and its music. She became Dean of Students in 1973, a position that she held until 1982. She left a legacy that funds two King's Choral and Organ scholarships for women each year.
Did you know: Helen is remembered with a King's Award named after her, to celebrate the contribution, commitment and support of the King's alumni community.


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text:
John Friend Mahoney (* 1. August 1889 in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin; † 1957) war ein US-amerikanischer Mediziner, bekannt als Pionier der Behandlung von Syphilis mit Penicillin.

Leben und Werk
Mahoney machte 1914 seinen Abschluss am Marquette Medical College in Milwaukee mit angeschlossener klinischer Ausbildung (Internship) am Milwaukee County Hospital und am Chicago Lying-in Hospital (Geburtsklinik). Ab 1917 war er zunächst als Assistenzchirurg bei den US-Truppen in Europa im Ersten Weltkrieg. Nach der Rückkehr 1919 diente er im Public Health Service (PHS) an verschiedenen Quarantänestationen und Marinekrankenhäusern, unter anderem auch auf der Einwandererstation Ellis Island vor New York City. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde er 1925 bis 1929 auch zu Studienzwecken nach Europa gesandt (England, Irland, Deutschland), wo er auch die Syphilis-Behandlung studierte.

Mahoney war seit 1929 Direktor des Forschungslabors für Geschlechtskrankheiten (Veneral Disease Research Laboratory) der US-Gesundheitsbehörde (Public Health Service), angeschlossen dem Marinekrankenhaus in Staten Island. Das Labor verbesserte unter anderem die serologischen Tests auf Syphilis und demonstrierte mit dem Aufkommen der Sulfonamid-Behandlung in den USA in den 1930er Jahren dessen Effizienz bei Gonorrhoe. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg war er außerdem Medizinischer Direktor des Marinehospitals in Staten Island.

Mahoney wurde auf die Möglichkeiten der Penicillin-Behandlung durch einen Aufsatz von Wallace Herrell und Kollegen von der Mayo-Klinik über die Behandlung von Gonorrhoe-Patienten aufmerksam, bei denen der Erreger resistent gegen Sulfonamide war. Mahoney konnte das bestätigen und begann außerdem, Penicillin gegen Syphilis zu testen, zunächst in vitro (ohne Erfolg), dann bei Kaninchen und nachdem dies erfolgreich war, in klinischen Tests. Die ersten Ergebnisse (an vier Patienten in einer frühen Phase der Krankheit) präsentierte er auf einem Treffen der American Public Health Association in New York im Oktober 1943, was sofort eine große Resonanz fand. Unter anderem wurde in Time Magazine darüber berichtet und das Comitee on Medical Research begann eine umfangreichere klinische Studie (mit über 1400 Patienten in verschiedenen Krankenhäusern), an der auch Mahoney beteiligt war. Er leitete die Untersuchungen zur Studie am Staten Island Marine Hospital. Juni 1944 wurde Penicillin als Standard-Therapie gegen Syphilis in der US-Armee eingeführt, gefolgt von den Briten. Dabei kam es auch zu Konflikten über den Einsatz gegen Geschlechtskrankheiten (was zum Beispiel in Nordafrika anfangs bevorzugt wurde, da damit die Soldaten unmittelbar wieder kampfbereit gemacht werden konnten) oder bei Wundinfektionen.

1946 erhielt Mahoney als einer der ersten Preisträger den Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research. 1948 wurde er Vorsitzender des WHO-Expertenkomitees für Geschlechtskrankheiten bei dessen erstem Treffen in Genf. Dezember 1949 ging er beim PHS in den Ruhestand, setzte seine Karriere aber als Health Commissioner der Stadt New York City (1950 bis 1953) und danach bis zu seinem Tod als Direktor der Laboratorien der städtischen Gesundheitsbehörden von New York fort.

Er war verheiratet und hatte zwei Söhne.

Literatur
 John F. Mahoney: Some of the Early Phases of Penicillin Therapy Against Syphilis. In: American Medical Association: Archives of Dermatology Band 73, Vol. 5, 1956, S. 485–488.

Weblinks
 John Parascandola:  (PDF; 87 kB)
 Nachruf im British Journal of Veneral Diseases, Band 33, 1957, S. 127.

Einzelnachweise

Mediziner (20. Jahrhundert)
Dermatologe
Träger des Lasker~DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1889
Gestorben 1957
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Book Review | Fragile Lies
Fragile Lies by Laura Elliot
His name is Michael Carmody.
He is a writer and a father.
His son is lying in a coma, fighting for his life.
Her name is Lorraine Cheevers.
She is an artist and mother.
An illicit affair has destroyed her marriage.
Michael is desperate to find the couple who left his son for dead, a victim of a hit and run.
Lorraine is desperate to start a new life for her and her daughter.
Michael and Lorraine are about to cross paths – damaged souls, drawn to one another.
They don't know that their lives are already connected.
They don't know the web of lies surrounding them.
They are each searching for the truth. But when they find it, it could destroy them both.
Buy Links: Amazon US | Amazon Global | Goodreads
Fragile Lies is a novel about the damage that illicit passion can create. There is a great quote in the Prologue about stolen hours and the idea that thievery has many faces. I thought that was an interesting concept and from there I was intrigued and wanted to read more. I wanted to find out who this man and women were and how they could do something that they knew was terribly wrong, knowing that they were hurting innocent people, running away from their mistakes.
The world of illicit passion and deceit is foreign to me. It's amazing the amount of lies one must tell when they are cheating on a spouse or significant other. There are countless men and women that lie and cheat. Why do that to someone they [at one point in time] cared about? Not that it's ever okay to cheat, but in my mind it's different to make a mistake and cheat one time than it is to continue on with an affair. To constantly be going behind their back, cheating on them and filling them with empty lies. It's sad that these characters in particular have something tragic happen that wasn't really their fault, but because they were together, they panicked and fled rather than deal with the situation the way they should have.
The novel is broken up into four parts but other than the prologue, goes in chronological order. I'm not entirely sure why it was broken into parts, perhaps to signify the different stages of Lorraine's life. Throughout her life she has experienced absolute love and has witnessed terrible tragedies. Some of the events in the novel made me wonder if it's possible to be in love with two people. I can imagine that you can love two people, but I think you can only truly be in love with one of them. The person that is always in your thoughts, the first person you think about in the morning, the last person you think about before you fall asleep, is it really possible to be in love with two? I don't think so.
There was another quote that I absolutely loved and have to share. 'Love only has substance when it's freely given.' Fragile Lies is an interesting tale of love, deceit, tragedy and forgiveness. All things take time to move on from but can they ever be fully forgiven? Will people ever learn from their mistakes? The terrible knowledge of someone's mistakes must beat down on them every day until it ultimately destroys them or strengthens them. Can one ever really move past something so terrible? This novel is about overcoming obstacles and emotions. There are some fun and humorous details but it's mostly a touching story about the human capacity to love, lie and forgive.
An ARC was provided by NetGalley in exchange for an honest review. Receiving novels free of charge in no way reflects on my honest opinion and no monetary compensation was provided for my review. Writing a review is the best way to say thank you to an author. I encourage you to write reviews and share them on sites like Goodreads and Amazon so that your fellow readers can see what you think!
Connect with Laura Elliot
Laura Elliot is the author of three novels, Stolen Child and The Prodigal Sister (published by Avon HarperCollins) and Fragile Lies (published by Bookouture). Her books have been translated into many languages.
Aka June Considine, she is also a writer of children's fiction and has written twelve books for pre-teens and young adults. Her short stories have been broadcast and have appeared in a number of teenage anthologies, including The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror Annual Collection. She gives regular workshops on creative writing and is secretary to the board of the Irish Writers' Centre. She has also worked as a freelance journalist and magazine editor but is now engaged full time in creative writing. She lives in Malahide, Co Dublin.
Author Interview | Laura Elliot | Living Life With Joy says:
[…] 13, 2015. I had the opportunity to read an ARC of her novel and was intrigued by the story. Click here to read my […]


For a snappy low-calorie first course serve this fat-free concoction on lettuce-lined plates garnished with low-fat yogurt and a sprinkle of hard-cooked egg. For a buffet, place in bowl surrounded by rice crackers or corn chips with a spoon to lift salsa onto crackers.
In glass bowl, combine beans, tomatoes, green onions, garlic, cilantro, red, green and jalapeno peppers, vinegar and sugar; mix well. Season to taste with salt and pepper.
Let stand, stirring occasionally, for 1 hour, before serving.


text:
Injury-prone players risky in Fantasy Football
Sports Editor and Sports Editor
It's that time of the year again: draft time for Fantasy Football leagues throughout the world. Everybody is thinking, "who will I take for my team?"
The first choices are the obvious ones: Minnesota Vikings running back Adrian Peterson and Houston Texans running back Arian Foster.
But the real questions people are asking have to do with the players who are going to be a risk. Players are getting hurt every day during training camp and this could affect how people construct their fantasy teams.
One player many fantasy football team owners will take a risk on is Washington Redskins quarterback Robert Griffin III. He suffered a serious knee ligament injury before the Redskins' playoff run this past season, which required surgery after playing three games with a sprained LCL. Griffin has not played in a preseason game in 2013 and is not slated to be ready until Week 1 of the regular season. Team owners will be taking a gamble with potentially losing Griffin during the 2013 season.
However, Peterson made a comeback in 2012 after tearing his ACL and having surgery only eight months prior and nearly broke the NFL's single-season rushing yards record. Griffin could be a great pick if he can avoid injury and a sophomore slump in his second year in the league.
Another player that could potentially have injury problems in 2013 is Cleveland Browns running back Trent Richardson. Cleveland's star running back, who had knee surgery this past offseason and has been recently suffering from a shin injury, made his preseason debut against the Detroit Lions Aug. 15 and rushed for 33 yards on six carries. Though Richardson played 15 games and ranked fifth in the NFL in touchdowns, he is prone to injury but will be a great fantasy player as long as he stays healthy throughout the season.
Despite having injury problems, Griffin, Richardson and a number of other players in the NFL can potentially overcome the adversity of their injuries and be playmakers for their teams.
Though team owners can speculate all they want about which players might potentially get injured or suspended, there are two things to remember that will help prepare for the worst-case scenario: stack up backup players and watch for those mid-season pick-ups to give teams that extra boost toward the end of the season.
Stay tuned this fall for full Fantasy Football coverage from The BG News sports staff.


text:
Show(s): iBrakfesi Eyondlayo Ekuseni
Host of iBrakfesi Eyondlayo Ekuseni
As we are celebrating 60 years of Umhlobo Wenene FM get to know me PastorTheDJ
1. Quite interestingly, I'm shy by nature. I'm a person that enjoys his private space and time and I'm always misunderstood as anti-social but I just enjoy being lost in my own head space most of the time. I love staying informed and I enjoy sharing knowledge.
2. What inspired me to love radio goes back a long way. As a child, my mother played radio all the time, in the car and in the house 24/7. I was unaware of the impact that had on me until CKI FM DJs came to my Matric Farewell as invited guests. I knew that day that this is what I want to do with my life.
3. The meaning of radio to me has evolved over the last 22 years on air. As a young man, it started from wanting to play the best music on the radio but now it has grown to leading in the education of our people, being a reliable source of information and lastly, breaking new ground in the art of broadcasting.
4. If I were not on radio, with the right amount of money in the bank, I'd be touring the world. I love travelling.
5. I'd like to be remembered as the guy who did not do things because they were done in a certain way by others but be remembered as the one who found another way to do things, and it worked.
6. Five facts that people don't know about me: In person, I am not as funny as I am on the radio, I'm really a shy person by nature. I do not enjoy being the centre of attention. I do not regard myself as a celebrity but rather as a person who's job puts me in the public eye. Lastly, old friends humble me the most and I have my best time around them.
7. The Notorious Big - The Sky's The Limit is the 90s song I play almost 3 times a week because of the content it carries. It is purely inspirational and motivating.
8. My 2019 surprise birthday gala was the best present I've ever received. My wife planned everything to the T without me knowing. Not only was the night and the venue very beautiful, she invited 25 of the closest people to me, some of whom went as far back as my primary school friends who I hadn't seen in years and who had travelled from afar for my day. It was a very special night. Old memories were shared and new ones were made.
9. My social media handles are: IG and Twitter - @PastorTheDJ. Facebook, Pastor Nozewu.
10.Above all, my brand has been growing nationally for some time now, I have grown as a broadcaster. My motive towards why am I broadcasting has grown as well. It has taught me the importance of being accurate and truthful in your communication because so many people really on you for information, education and entertainment. Lastly, being with the station has also created bigger opportunities for my brand outside the station as well. In business and pleasure.
11.As Umhlobo Wenene FM turns 60 years this year: I'm honoured to have been allowed the opportunity to express myself creatively on this platform and make my mark in the station's history. Thanks to the station for allowing me to live my dream and beyond. 60 years from this year I will not be on this station or alive, but I hope my name will remain in the minds of those that witnessed these milestones the station has achieved while I was allowed to be contribute to the bigger picture during my lifetime.
12.NdingumQwathi, Ntswayibana, uDikela, uNoni, uNdzila, uNdzolo?
13.My favourite traditional meal is ulusu ne dombolo.
Sinbad Sizani
Babalwa Louw
Rev.Nomtamsanqa Rweqana
Asakhe Ngxonono


Part three of a series revisiting the deaths attributed to SeaWorld whales and the OSHA-SeaWorld case. Read part one here, and part two here.
Of the three human lives that Tilikum claimed, Daniel Dukes' death is perhaps the strangest. On the morning of July 6, 1999, the 27-year-old man was found deceased and naked draped across the massive orca's back.
One might wonder what prompted Dukes to get into the water with an orca but we can look to SeaWorld as to why a member of the public would assume a form of kinship with this apex predator. Their whale shows heavily emphasized the human-whale connection.
The peculiarity of this case isn't that Dukes was in a tank with a whale but why his body wasn't discovered until the early hours of the morning.
Despite the existence of numerous cameras at SeaWorld, Dukes somehow ended up in Tili's pool and interacted with him before dying. The incident escaped all surveillance and eluded all visual checks by SeaWorld observers whose core job involved performing wellness checks on the whales around the clock.
Michael Dougherty, a physical therapist with SeaWorld, was the first to discover Dukes upon his arrival at work.
Orange County Sheriff's Investigative Report.
Although Dougherty discovered Dukes, he wasn't the first person on scene. Arturo Cordoba Jnr. arrived to work 6:55 a.m. and at 7:05 a.m., fifteen minutes before Dougherty noticed Dukes' feet, began to clean the area around G-Pool.
OCSO report on the death of Daniel Dukes.
The body that I observe had no clothes and I could not identified if the body was male of [or] female.
When paramedic Jimmy Rotondi arrived on scene at 7:30 a.m., he stated that Dukes had, "no pulse or respirations" and he also confirmed the presence of lividity and rigor mortis. Noting that the body bore "multiple abrasions and small lacerations," Rotondi added that a 3-lead heart monitor showed "asystole" [no discernible electrical activity] across the board.
Dukes' autopsy report, posted here by Tim Zimmermann, offers a glimpse into what Dukes endured during his time with Tilikum. His black nylon swimming trunks were noted to have "the crotch and inner leg seams torn open." Tili had avulsed [to separate, cut, or tear off by avulsion] Dukes' pubic area.
Statement of diver Richard Flint, tasked with the removal of foreign objects in G-Pool.
Dukes' death was ruled an accidental drowning and Tili's second victim, almost as if he had deserved his death, was swiftly painted as an unstable person by SeaWorld staff and local Orlando media.
Next: Statements on the death of Daniel Dukes.


This thermometer is packed with some of the most powerful features that is suitable for professional use. With 50:1 DSR ratio, it can accurately measure targets at a larger measurement area with the same distance compared of those who have only 16:1 or 12:1 DSR.
With a measuring temperature range from -58 to 1382 °F (-50 to 750°C), you can set a high temperature alarm as well as a low temperature alarm within this range. Whenever the temperature reading is lower or higher that the pre-set value, the alarm will buzz on.
Packed with awesome features, it can save up to 9 sets of data and record max, min, avg, dif temperature values, ideal for use to conduct HVAC and automotive analysis. In addition, you can use it for general construction and electrical works, food service, home inspection and etc.


Did you know that copying text from the Internet and posting it somewhere new without saying where you got it is a form of cheating? It is also called stealing. You also steal when you take an image that you find on the Internet and use it without permission. This kind of cheating and stealing is also known as plagiarism. Plagiarism is illegal and you can get in a lot of trouble for it. You can also get other people in trouble. For example, if you steal an article or image and post it in your blog without permission, you are probably breaking the terms and conditions of the host site. A host site is a site like EnglishClub.com that offers members a space of their own. Web sites with stolen material lose their reputation quickly.
Oftentimes plagiarism is unintentional. People think they are being nice by sharing an interesting story or image with others. However, by pasting it on your blog or a discussion board without any citation, you are essentially pretending that it is yours. This is dishonest. It is also unfair to the creator. Many people do not understand the basic rules of fair use, especially when it comes to the Internet. Please take some time to read through these pages. We hope they will help you understand why it is important to give credit where credit is due.


text:
Q: How to query multiple choices from one table in mysql table I'm creating some simple search page for my little project. Its about list of Multifunctional devices and options on devices.
I have table devices and fields with device options:
option_hdd
option_fax
option_df (document feeder)
option_duplex
and so on... totally 8 option fields.
If device contain options in field is 1 if not 0.
I created small form with check boxess for all this option with GET method.
<form action="search.php" method="get" name="search">
<input name="HDD" type="checkbox" value="1" /> HDD

<input name="Fax" type="checkbox" value="1" /> Fax

<input name="DF" type="checkbox" value="1" /> DF

...
<input name="Search" type="submit" />
</form>

I try to create some query but i don't get exact results.
If user want to check for devices which contain hdd and fax option he will check that two checkboxes and hit search, query need to return results with devices that contain checked options (not essential for other options)
i try with fallowing query's  i found googling :)
SELECT * FROM devices WHERE option_hdd = '$_GET[HDD]' OR option_fax = '$_GET[Fax]' OR option_finisher = '$_GET[Df]' ......'

and also
SELECT * FROM devices WHERE option_hdd = '$_GET[HDD]' AND (option_fax = '$_GET[Fax]' OR option_finisher = '$_GET[Df]' ......);

but i do'n get wanted results... but this last is the most close-up...
Example i have 5 devices in DB for testing
All 5 devices have Hdd and 2 devices have Fax option
In form i check hdd and fax and i get result of all 5 devices, but correct results must be 2... cause only two devices have fax option...
Can somebody help me and give me correct query :)
Thanks

A: I suggest using 'AND' but...
If the checkbox is checked, the value will be 1. If the checkbox is not checked the value will be empty.
So you code will be like this:
SELECT * FROM devices WHERE option_hdd = '1' AND option_fax = ' ' AND option_finisher = '1';

Which will give you a wrong resultset.
Try this instead:
$hdd = (!empty($_GET['HDD'])) ? $_GET['HDD'] : 0;
$fax = (!empty($_GET['Fax'])) ? $_GET['HDD'] : 0;
$df = (!empty($_GET['DF'])) ? $_GET['HDD'] : 0;

$sql = "SELECT * FROM devices WHERE option_hdd = '".$hdd."' AND option_fax = '".$fax."' AND option_finisher ='".$df."'";

Another option is to build your query. Change the name of the checkboxes like in the example below:
<form action="" method="get" name="search">
  <input name="option[HDD]" type="checkbox" value="1" /> HDD

  <input name="option[Fax]" type="checkbox" value="1" /> Fax

  <input name="option[DF]" type="checkbox" value="1" /> DF

  ...
  <input name="Search" type="submit" />
</form>

And see the phpexample:
$sql = 'SELECT * FROM devices';

if(isset($_GET['option']) && count($_GET['option']) > 0){
  $c = 0;
  $sql .= ' WHERE';
  foreach ($_GET['option'] AS $key => $option) {
    $sql .= ($c == 0) ? ' option_'.$key.'='.$option : ' AND option_'.$key.'='.$option;
    $c++;
  }
}

A: Another solution is to use this trick:
<input name="HDD" type="hidden" value="0" />
<input name="HDD" type="checkbox" value="1" /> HDD

This way if PHP will revert to default 0 if it doesn't get the value from checkbox.
And please be careful with your data, don't use $_GET directly in SQL.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I've always loved fashion jewellery.
I have a whole drawer at home dedicated to necklaces, bangles, pendants and cocktail rings in various colours and styles.
It is my opinion that accessories are as important to an outfit as support undies – they hold it all together.
Over the years, I have often wondered about signing up for an evening class in beading to learn to design and make my own jewellery, but it is something that has been bumped down the list every time a major life event took place – like having a baby, returning to full-time employment and starting a blog.
So, I just keep Stella & Dot in business instead.
However, last week I was lucky enough to experience a little taster at the April East Dulwich WI event, which was a jewellery making workshop with Vanessa from Mini Print Jewellery.
The plan was that Vanessa would briefly talk through some of the different types of jewellery that we could make at home and then teach us how to make one or two pieces of our own.
Each table already had a selection of beads and tools set out when we arrived.
Vanessa showed us how to cut and roll wire that would then secure the beads on to a charm bracelet.
I laid out my intended design on the mat in front of me and waited for my turn with the wire cutter.
Now, meeting in a pub has many obvious advantages.
But, inexperienced hands working with sharp tools in candle light is not one of them.
It was not long before someone (we'll just call her Tina) on our table elbowed a glass of water while trying to manoeuvre one of those slippery little beads onto a wire.
I quickly jumped up and in doing so, knocked over all of my neatly lined up beads onto the floor.
Then as I bent down to pick them up, crash went the professional display of jewellery that was set up behind me.
Someone else on my table (we'll just call her Katie) stood up to help, and in doing so dropped another of the necklaces and watched in horror as the beads started to unravel onto the floor.
Vanessa's lovely mum was there and was very understanding about the situation when she came to see what all the commotion in the corner was about.
Much more than she should have been, considering our apologies were muffled by sounds of hysterical laughter.
We sat quietly back down after that with tears streaming down our cheeks and started to take our jewellery making more seriously.
I took a pin, I took a bead, I took the wire cutters and I turned the pin to a 90-degree angle. It snapped.
I took another pin, I took another bead, I took a hold of the wire cutters again and I gently turned the pin to a 90-degree angle. It snapped.
It was not easy as it looked, and my dream of one day having my own Stella & Dot empire was crushed.
So, I decided to just watch others in action instead.
Then, I got a bit bored.
Then Vanessa came over and helped me to make a gorgeous pair of earrings.
Sadly, my ears are not pierced so I have decided to give this beautiful pair of handmade earrings away to one of my dear Grenglish readers.
Some of her pieces are absolutely stunning and the one-on-one mini tutorial I had with her was brilliant.
There may even be hope for my own jewellery empire yet!
Do you want the earrings I lovingly made with my own fair hands?
I am still giggling about it.,.,…plus had completely forgotten about the earrings!!
I have never noticed that you don't have pierced ears!


text:
Das Notzentor war ein Stadttor der oberschwäbischen Stadt Memmingen. Es wurde auch "Inneres Niedergassentor" genannt.

Lage
Das Tor stand an der Nordseite der alten Welfenstadt in der Nähe des Marktplatzes und war das Verbindungstor zur Ulmer Vorstadt. Von dort führte der alte Wehrgang zu den Gefängnistürmen Hexenturm und Kerkerturm.

Aussehen
Das Notzentor war ein typisches schwäbisches hochgezogenes Tor mit einem romanischen Rundbogen. An der Nordseite des Turmes waren zwei riesige Hellebarden in mittelalterlicher Tracht abgebildet und dazwischen zwei Löwen, von denen jeder ein Memminger Stadtwappen hielt. In ihrer Mitte befand sich ein größeres Wappen, vermutlich das kaiserliche mit Reichsadler und Krone. Darüber war die Jahreszahl MCXCIIII (1194) angebracht. Erhalten ist als kläglicher Rest ein kleiner Bogen an der Stadtmauer hinter dem MeWo-Haus.

Geschichte

Um das Jahr 1000 soll an der Stelle des Notzentores ein Holztor gestanden haben. Um 1150 wurde die Stadt mit einer steinernen Stadtmauer versehen. Um 1270 wurde erstmals ein Tor in nördlicher Richtung erwähnt. Um 1400 entstand anstelle des romanischen Niedertores das Notzentor als nördlicher Eingang in die Stadt. Als die Ulmer Vorstadt in den Mauergürtel integriert wurde, wurde das Notzentor mit dem Graben als Verteidigungsanlage der alten Stadt beibehalten. Erst 1863 wurde es auf Bitten der Bürgerschaft der Ulmer Vorstadt abgebrochen, die befürchtete, durch den recht engen Zugang ins wirtschaftliche Abseits gedrängt zu werden. Der Tordurchgang war äußerst eng, stets feucht und schmutzig, da aufgrund der engen Bebauung keine Sonnenstrahlen hinein drangen. Der Abbruch war am 15. Februar 1863 abgeschlossen. Den Namen erhielt das Tor von der Familie Notz, die über viele Generationen das Torwächteramt des auch "Inneres Niedergassentor" genannten Tores ausübte. Eine Gedenktafel im MeWo-Haus erinnert an das Notzentor.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Stadttor in Memmingen
Erbaut im 12. Jahrhundert


text:
Meet CreativeCow Leader: Jonathan Miller
COW Leaders : Jonathan Miller
Fort Collins, Colorado USA
The owner of an award-winning production company, TreeLine Productions, Jon has had the opportunity to blend his creative vision with an outstanding technical ability. Over the years, Jon has worked with various clients and projects that have found him filming around the country and the globe. His company has produced videos from 4,000 feet underground beneath the Continental Divide in Colorado, to 29,035 feet up on the summit of Mount Everest in Tibet. Before launching TreeLine Productions, Jon enjoyed the challenge of building and operating a Northern Colorado Bureau for CNN Headline News, in Fort Collins. During his 6-year tenure, Jon had the daily opportunity to cover news stories throughout the community he resides in, and enjoyed distilling complex issues and concepts into television easily understood by the viewer.
Jon is very excited about the future of Podcasting and distribution of content over the Internet, even though he's been "Podcasting" for years. In 2003 he provided audio and video dispatches from 17,000 foot Everest base camp to CNN's DNG in Atlanta, as well as orchestrated CNN's first live satellite broadcast from 14,000 foot Aconcagua base camp in Argentina in 2005.
Jon lives in the foothills outside Fort Collins, Colorado with his wife Heidi and their various Apple G5s, G4s, PowerBooks and iBooks.


A tenant application is like applying for a job. Here, an applicant has to prove that they will be a good renter (pay on time, take care of the property, be considerate of neighbors). So how does a landlord (or the landlord's property management company) know if they'll be a good renter? Same way a prospective employer would – by checking up on (and interviewing) the applicant.
Step 1: Credit check. Credit checks reveal the applicant's financial history. We check to see if they have defaulted (failed to pay) on any loans (mortgage, car, school, etc…) or credit cards. If they have recent collections for utilities as this is an indicator that the applicant most likely won't pay their rent on time. If an eviction in the last 5 years is listed on their credit report, it's an automatic denial.
Step 2: Criminal background check. We check to see if they have ever been arrested (any kind of criminal history may be a warning sign, especially felony arrests). We want to protect our client's property and the neighborhood.
Step 3: Employment verification. We check to make sure that the applicant is honest about their employment (and that they are in good standing at work). After all, a good employee usually makes a good tenant.
Step 4: Income verification. While a steady stream of income (employment) is critical, we also need to know how much an applicant makes – that they have enough income to cover the rent and their other expenses. We look at their current pay stubs and/or bank statements (factoring in additional obligations that take away from their income).
Step 5: Rental history verification. Does the applicant have a good history of paying on time or multiple late payments? Did the applicant leave their last residence in good condition or was the landlord left with a large repair bill?
Step 6: One-on-one interview. We want to meet the applicant (usually in person, but on rare occurrences, over the phone) and get to know the applicant better than we could just based on the tenant application alone. By meeting and discussing the results of the screening process, it allows us to verify the information obtained and sometimes discover discrepancies.
Of course, throughout the process we honor the fair housing laws and consider all of the information that we've been given.
At Shelter Realty, we have a full staff of property management professionals who can make the rental application process as smooth as possible. Call us today at (702) 376-7379 get started on the tenant application process or visit our website to see our huge selection of Las Vegas rental properties.