Citation: Guay, J., Fontenot, J., Swecker, W., Neel, J.P., Herbein, J., Clapham, W.M., Scaglia, G., Abaye, A. 2005. Fatty acid composition of diets, metabolism and deposition in edible tissue of pasture- and feedlot-finished cattle. #620, J. Anim. Sci., Vol. 83, Suppl. 1, p. 370.
Technical Abstract: A finishing study was conducted to determine the fatty acid (FA) composition of feeds and to evaluate FA metabolism in beef cattle. Twelve steers were finished on a high-concentrate diet in feedlot (individually fed) and 12 on pasture (initial BW = 302.9 ± 89.3 kg). The pasture treatment consisted of three replications. The high-concentrate diet consisted of cracked corn, corn silage, soybean meal, and mineral supplement. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy samples were obtained initially, and on d 28, 84, and 140. Pasture forage and composited feedlot diet ingredient samples were collected every 14 d. Adipose tissue data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the PROC MIXED procedure. The average FA composition of the high-concentrate diet consisted primarily of linoleic acid (16.17 to 28.0 mg/g DM, or 55.17 to 58.17 % of total FA). The FA composition of pasture forage samples consisted primarily of linolenic acid (9.81 to 47.71 mg/g DM, or 56.38 to 76.98 % of total FA). The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of adipose tissue decreased (P < 0.05) in high-concentrate-fed steers and increased (P < 0.05) in pasture-finished steers. The pasture-finished steers had higher (P < 0.05) amounts of CLA in adipose tissue on d 24 (12.91 vs. 5.2 mg/g tissue), d 84 (10.50 vs. 2.11 mg/g tissue), and d 140 (10.01 vs. 2.12 mg/g tissue), than the high-concentrate finished steers. The pasture-finished steers had higher (P < 0.05) amounts of linolenic acid (an omega-3 FA) in adipose tissue on d 28 (6.82 vs. 2.77 mg/g tissue), d 84 (5.15 vs. 2.8 mg/g tissue), and d 140 (5.81 vs. 2.57 mg/g tissue), than the high-concentrate finished steers. An increase of CLA and omega-3 FA in beef products may be beneficial to consumer health.


text:
Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/f/psa1237.html
Christoph Saenger
First Name: Christoph
Last Name: Saenger
RePEc Short-ID: psa1237
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
http://www.ebrd.com/
RePEc:edi:ebrdduk (more details at EDIRC)
Saenger, Christoph & Torero, Maximo & Qaim, Matin, 2013. "Impact of Third-Party Enforcement of Contracts in Agricultural Markets - A Field Experiment in Vietnam," GlobalFood Discussion Papers 143583, Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen, GlobalFood, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development.
Saenger, Christoph & Torero, Maximo & Qaim, Matin, 2016. "Impact of third-party enforcement of contracts in agricultural markets—A field experiment in Vietnam," IFPRI book chapters, in: Devaux, André & Torero, Maximo & Donovan, Jason & Horton, Douglas E. (ed.), Innovation for inclusive value-chain development: Successes and challenges, chapter 11, pages 343-374, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Saenger, Christoph & Torero, Maximo & Qaim, Matin, 2012. "Impact of Third-Party Enforcement of Contracts in Agricultural Markets–A Field Experiment in Vietnam," 2012 Annual Meeting, August 12-14, 2012, Seattle, Washington 124628, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
Saenger, Christoph & Qaim, Matin & Torero, Maximo & Viceisza, Angelino, 2012. "Contract farming and smallholder incentives to produce high quality: experimental evidence from the Vietnamese dairy sector," GlobalFood Discussion Papers 122614, Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen, GlobalFood, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development.
Christoph Saenger & Matin Qaim & Maximo Torero & Angelino Viceisza, 2013. "Contract farming and smallholder incentives to produce high quality: experimental evidence from the Vietnamese dairy sector," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 44(3), pages 297-308, May.
Saenger, Christoph & Qaim, Matin & Torero, Maximo & Viceisza, Angelino, 2012. "Contract farming and smallholder incentives to produce high quality: experimental evidence from the Vietnamese dairy sector," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 126430, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
Björn Frank & Sha Li & Heike Minich & Nina Muraro & Marco de Pinto & Christoph Sänger & Stephan Meisenzahl & Duncan Roth & Nils Saniter, 2009. "Anyone up for helping the Fisherman's wife? More solidarity with accidental misery than with man-made misery," MAGKS Papers on Economics 200930, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
Björn Frank & Sha Li & Stephan Meisenzahl & Heike Minich & Nina Muraro & Marco de Pinto & Duncan Roth & Christoph Saenger & Nils Saniter, 2011. "Anyone Up for Helping the Fisherman's Wife? More Solidarity with Accidental Misery than with Man-Made Misery," Schmollers Jahrbuch : Journal of Applied Social Science Studies / Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, vol. 131(4), pages 569-580.
Christoph Saenger & Maximo Torero & Matin Qaim, 2014. "Impact of Third-party Contract Enforcement in Agricultural Markets-A Field Experiment in Vietnam," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 96(4), pages 1220-1238.
Many of the citations below have been collected in an experimental project, CitEc, where a more detailed citation analysis can be found. These are citations from works listed in RePEc that could be analyzed mechanically. So far, only a minority of all works could be analyzed. See under "Corrections" how you can help improve the citation analysis.
Johan Swinnen & Rob Kuijpers, 2016. "Value Chain Innovations for Technology Transfer in Developing and Emerging Economies: Concept, Typology and Policy Implications," LICOS Discussion Papers 37616, LICOS - Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, KU Leuven.
Jo Swinnen & Rob Kuijpers, 2016. "Value chain innovations for technology transfer in developing and emerging economies: concept, typology and policy implications," Working Papers of LICOS - Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance 539178, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), LICOS - Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance.
Johan Swinnen, 2016. "Value Chain Innovations for Technology Transfer in Developing and Emerging Economies: Concept, Typology and Policy Implications," Working Papers id:10694, eSocialSciences.
Jo Swinnen & Rob Kuijpers, 2016. "Value chain innovations for technology transfer in developing and emerging economies: concept, typology and policy implications," Working Papers of Department of Economics, Leuven 539178, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Department of Economics, Leuven.
Torero, Maximo & Viceisza, Angelino C.G., 2016. "Potential collusion and trust: Evidence from a field experiment in Vietnam," African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, African Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 11(1), pages 1-11.
Torero, Maximo & Viceisza, Angelino, 2011. "Potential collusion and trust: Evidence from a field experiment in Vietnam," IFPRI discussion papers 1100, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Qaim, Matin & Andersson, Camilla I.M. & Chege, Christine G.K. & Kimenju, Simon Chege & Klasen, Stephan & Rischke, Ramona, 2014. "Nutrition Effects of the Supermarket Revolution on Urban Consumers and Smallholder Farmers in Kenya," 2014 Annual Meeting, July 27-29, 2014, Minneapolis, Minnesota 177204, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
Qaim, Matin & Andersson, Camilla I.M. & Chege, Christine G.K. & Kimenju, Simon Chege & Klasen, Stephan & Rischke, Ramona, 2014. "Nutrition Effects of the Supermarket Revolution on Urban Consumers and Smallholder Farmers in Kenya," GlobalFood Discussion Papers 180976, Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen, GlobalFood, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development.
Sandip Mitra & Dilip Mookherjee & Maximo Torero & Sujata Visaria, 2015. "Asymmetric Information and Middleman Margins: An Experiment with Indian Potato Farmers," HKUST IEMS Working Paper Series 2015-29, HKUST Institute for Emerging Market Studies, revised Aug 2015.
Sandip Mitra & Dilip Mookherjee & Maximo Torero & Sujata Visaria, 2018. "Asymmetric Information and Middleman Margins: An Experiment with Indian Potato Farmers," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 100(1), pages 1-13, March.
Mitra, Sandip & Mookherjee, Dilip & Torero, Maximo & Visaria, Sujata, 2016. "Asymmetric Information and Middleman Margins: An Experiment with Indian Potato Farmers," CEPR Discussion Papers 11548, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Nicholas Minot & Loraine Ronchi, 2014. "Contract Farming," World Bank Publications - Reports 24249, The World Bank Group.
Bernard, Tanguy & Hidrobo, Melissa & Le Port, Agnès & Rawat, Rahul, 2017. "Nutrition incentives in dairy contract farming in northern Senegal," IFPRI discussion papers 1629, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Ochieng, Dennis O. & Veettil, Prakashan C. & Qaim, Matin, 2017. "Farmers' preferences for supermarket contracts in Kenya," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 100-111.
Ochieng, Dennis O. & Veettil, Prakashan C. & Qaim, Matin, 2016. "Farmers' Preferences for Supermarket Contracts in Kenya," 2016 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Boston, Massachusetts 235632, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
Ochieng, Dennis O. & Veettil, Prakashan C. & Qaim, Matin, 2016. "Farmers' Preferences for Supermarket Contracts in Kenya," GlobalFood Discussion Papers 244354, Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen, GlobalFood, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development.
Romero, Cristina & Wollni, Meike, 2015. "Supplier dynamics in horticultural export chains – Evidence from Ecuador. Revised version," GlobalFood Discussion Papers 209961, Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen, GlobalFood, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development.
Deininger, Klaus & Xia, Fang, 2016. "Quantifying Spillover Effects from Large Land-based Investment: The Case of Mozambique," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 227-241.
Mark Treurniet, 2021. "The Potency of Quality Incentives: Evidence from the Indonesian Dairy Value Chain," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 103(5), pages 1661-1678, October.
Bougherara, Douadia & Nauges, Céline, 2018. "How laboratory experiments could help disentangle the influences of production risk and risk preferences on input decisions," TSE Working Papers 18-903, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
Mingjun Deng & Guocheng Xiang & Shuntian Yao, 2018. "The Effectiveness of the Multilateral Coalition to Develop a Green Agricultural Products Market in China Based on a TU Cooperative Game Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-17, May.
Ali,Daniel Ayalew & Deininger,Klaus W. & Harris,Charles Anthony Philip & Ali,Daniel Ayalew & Deininger,Klaus W. & Harris,Charles Anthony Philip, 2016. "Large farm establishment, smallholder productivity, labor market participation, and resilience : evidence from Ethiopia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7576, The World Bank.
Bonamigo, Andrei & Ferenhof, Helio Aisenberg & Forcellini, Fernando Antonio, 2017. "Dairy Ecosystem Barriers Exposed - A Case Study In A Family Production Unit At Western Santa Catarina, Brazil," Organizações Rurais e Agroindustriais/Rural and Agro-Industrial Organizations, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Administracao e Economia, vol. 19(1), January.
Viet Hoang, 2021. "Impact of Contract Farming on Farmers' Income in the Food Value Chain: A Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Study in Vietnam," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-16, August.
Poku, A.-G. & Birner, R. & Gupta, S., 2018. "How To Make Contract Farming Arrangements Work: Evidence From A Public And A Private Cassava Outgrower Scheme In Ghana," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 277471, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
Adu-Gyamfi Poku & Regina Birner & Saurabh Gupta, 2018. "Making Contract Farming Arrangements Work in Africa's Bioeconomy: Evidence from Cassava Outgrower Schemes in Ghana," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-21, May.
Jan Fałkowski & Agata Malak-Rawlikowska & Dominika Milczarek-Andrzejewska, 2013. "Determinants and Consequences of Participating in a Restructured Supply Chain: the Experience of the Dairy Sector in Poland," Ekonomia journal, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, vol. 34.
Mohan, Sarah, 2020. "Risk aversion and certification: Evidence from the Nepali tea fields," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
Ashok K. Mishra & Anjani Kumar & Pramod K. Joshi & Alwin Dsouza, 2022. "Monopsonists, Disruptive Innovation and Food Security: The Case of High‐Value Commodity," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 44(1), pages 460-476, March.
Fanny Widadie & Jos Bijman & Jacques Trienekens, 2022. "Alignment between vertical and horizontal coordination for food quality and safety in Indonesian vegetable chains," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 10(1), pages 1-19, December.
Pyddoke, Roger, 2020. "Penalties as incentives for punctuality and regularity in tendered Swedish public transport," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
Xin Su & Haolong Liu & Shunqi Hou, 2018. "The Trilateral Evolutionary Game of Agri-Food Quality in Farmer-Supermarket Direct Purchase: A Simulation Approach," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2018, pages 1-11, February.
Deininger,Klaus W. & Xia,Fang & Mate,Aurelio & Payongayong,Ellen & Deininger,Klaus W. & Xia,Fang & Mate,Aurelio & Payongayong,Ellen, 2015. "Quantifying spillover effects from large farm establishments : the case of Mozambique," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7466, The World Bank.
Mahdi, Shireen, 2012. "Quality contingent contracts : evidence from Tanzania's coffee market," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6171, The World Bank.
Joselyne Najera & Paula Arzadun & Monica Navarro & Martin Solis, 2018. "High-Quality Input Choice under Uncertainty and Ambiguity: An Exploratory Study of Costa Rica's Coffee Sector," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 10(5), pages 156-166.
Shaibu Baanni Azumah & Samuel A. Donkoh & Isaac Gershon K. Ansah, 2017. "Contract farming and the adoption of climate change coping and adaptation strategies in the northern region of Ghana," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 19(6), pages 2275-2295, December.
Federica Di Marcantonio & Pavel Ciaian & Jan Fałkowski, 2020. "Contracting and Farmers' Perception of Unfair Trading Practices in the EU Dairy Sector," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 71(3), pages 877-903, September.
Mailu, Stephen & Will, Margret & Mwanza, Rosemary & Nkanata, Kinyua & Mbugua, David, 2014. "Milk supply contracts and default incidence in Kenya," MPRA Paper 57381, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 10 Apr 2014.
Stephanie D. Rosch & David L. Ortega, 2019. "Willingness to contract versus opportunity to contract: a case study in Kenya's French bean export market," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 50(1), pages 27-37, January.
Abate, Gashaw T. & Bernard, Tanguy, 2017. "Farmers' quality assessment of their crops and its impact on commercialization behavior: A field experiment in Ethiopia," IFPRI discussion papers 1624, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Amare, Mulubrhan & Mariara, Jane & Oostendorp, Remco & Pradhan, Menno, 2019. "The impact of smallholder farmers' participation in avocado export markets on the labor market, farm yields, sales prices, and incomes in Kenya," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
Angelo Frascarelli & Stefano Ciliberti & Gustavo Magalhães de Oliveira & Gabriele Chiodini & Gaetano Martino, 2021. "Production Contracts and Food Quality: A Transaction Cost Analysis for the Italian Durum Wheat Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-12, March.
Bellemare, Marc F. & Bloem, Jeffrey R., 2018. "Does contract farming improve welfare? A review," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 259-271.
Hailong Yu & H. Holly Wang & Binglong Li, 2018. "Production system innovation to ensure raw milk safety in small holder economies: the case of dairy complex in China," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 49(6), pages 787-797, November.
Rajendran, Srinivasulu & Afari-Sefa, Victor & Karanja, Daniel Kimani & Musebe, Richard & Romney, Dannie & Makaranga, Magesa A. & Samali, Silvest & Kessy, Radegunda Francis, 2016. "Farmer-Led Seed Enterprise Initiatives to Access Certified Seed for Traditional African Vegetables and its Effect on Incomes in Tanzania," International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, vol. 19(1), pages 1-24, February.
Ogoudélé S. Codjo & Denis Acclassato & Rose Fiamohe & Sylvain Kpenavoun & Gauthier Biaou, 2020. "Comparative analysis of the preference of producers and processors for domestic rice production contracts in Benin," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(2), pages 242-258, April.
Zsófia Benedek & Imre Fertő & Adrienn Molnár, 2018. "Off to market: but which one? Understanding the participation of small-scale farmers in short food supply chains—a Hungarian case study," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 35(2), pages 383-398, June.
Kunte, Sebastian & Wollni, Meike & Keser, Claudia, 2014. "Making it personal: breach and private ordering in a contract farming experiment," GlobalFood Discussion Papers 186136, Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen, GlobalFood, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development.
Soullier, Guillaume & Moustier, Paule, 2016. "Do contracts increase farmers' incomes and food security? Evidence from the rice value chain in Senegal," 149th Seminar, October 27-28, 2016, Rennes, France 244790, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
Soullier, Guillaume & Moustier, Paule, 2018. "Impacts of contract farming in domestic grain chains on farmer income and food insecurity. Contrasted evidence from Senegal," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 179-198.
Alain de Janvry & Elisabeth Sadoulet, 2019. "Transforming developing country agriculture: Removing adoption constraints and promoting inclusive value chain development," Working Papers hal-02287668, HAL.
Saule Burkitbayeva & Emma Janssen & Johan Swinnen, 2019. "Technology Adoption and Value Chains in Developing Countries: Panel Evidence from Dairy in Punjab," LICOS Discussion Papers 41019, LICOS - Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, KU Leuven.
Saule Burkitbayeva & Emma Janssen & Jo Swinnen, 2019. "Technology Adoption and Value Chains in Developing Countries: Panel Evidence from Dairy in Punjab," Working Papers of Department of Economics, Leuven 634342, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Department of Economics, Leuven.
Saule Burkitbayeva & Emma Janssen & Jo Swinnen, 2019. "Technology Adoption and Value Chains in Developing Countries: Panel Evidence from Dairy in Punjab," Working Papers of LICOS - Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance 634342, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), LICOS - Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance.
Schoneveld, George C., 2022. "Transforming food systems through inclusive agribusiness," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
Federica Di Marcantonio & Pavel Ciaian & Vicente Castellanos, 2018. "Unfair trading practices in the dairy farm sector: Evidence from selected EU regions," JRC Research Reports JRC112770, Joint Research Centre (Seville site).
Alain de Janvry & Elisabeth Sadoulet, 2020. "Using Agriculture for Development: Supply- and demand-side approaches," Working Papers hal-02865556, HAL.
de Janvry, A & Sadoulet, E, 2020. "Using agriculture for development: Supply- and demand-side approaches," Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, UC Berkeley, Working Paper Series qt40x818wj, Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, UC Berkeley.
de Janvry, Alain & Sadoulet, Elisabeth, 2020. "Using agriculture for development: Supply- and demand-side approaches," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
Oreoluwa Ola & Luisa Menapace, 2020. "Revisiting constraints to smallholder participation in high‐value markets: A best‐worst scaling approach," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 51(4), pages 595-608, July.
Janssen, Emma & Swinnen, Johan, 2019. "Technology adoption and value chains in developing countries: Evidence from dairy in India," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 327-336.
Swinnen, Johan & Kuijpers, Rob, 2019. "Value chain innovations for technology transfer in developing and emerging economies: Conceptual issues, typology, and policy implications," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 298-309.
Abate, Gashaw T. & Bernard, Tanguy & de Janvry, Alain & Sadoulet, Elisabeth & Trachtman, Carly, 2021. "Introducing quality certification in staple food markets in Sub-Saharan Africa: Four conditions for successful implementation," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
Magnan, Nicholas & Hoffmann, Vivian & Garrido, Gissele & Kanyam, Faniel Akwasi & Opoku, Nelson, 2019. "Information, technology, and market rewards: Incentivizing aflatoxin control in Ghana:," IFPRI discussion papers 1878, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Magnan, Nicholas & Hoffmann, Vivian & Opoku, Nelson & Gajate Garrido, Gissele & Kanyam, Daniel Akwasi, 2021. "Information, technology, and market rewards: Incentivizing aflatoxin control in Ghana," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
Hoffmann, Vivian & Magnan, Nicholas & Garrido, Gissele Gajate & Kanyam, Daniel Akwasi & Opoku, Nelson, 2017. "Information, Technology, and Market Rewards: Incentivizing Aflatoxin Control in Ghana," 2018 Allied Social Sciences Association (ASSA) Annual Meeting, January 5-7, 2018, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 266297, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
Bob Doherty & Pichawadee Kittipanya-Ngam, 2021. "The Role of Social Enterprise Hybrid Business Models in Inclusive Value Chain Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-24, January.
Fo Kodjo Dzinyefa Aflagah & Tanguy Bernard & Angelino Viceisza, 2019. "Cheap Talk and Coordination in the Lab and in the Field: Collective Commercialization in Senegal," Post-Print hal-02888971, HAL.
Kodjo Aflagah & Tanguy Bernard & Angelino Viceisza, 2022. "Cheap Talk and Coordination in the Lab and in the Field: Collective Commercialization in Senegal," Post-Print hal-03564999, HAL.
Aflagah, Kodjo & Bernard, Tanguy & Viceisza, Angelino, 2022. "Cheap talk and coordination in the lab and in the field: Collective commercialization in Senegal," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
Fo Kodjo Dzinyefa Aflagah & Tanguy Bernard & Angelino Viceisza, 2019. "Cheap Talk and Coordination in the Lab and in the Field: Collective Commercialization in Senegal," NBER Working Papers 26045, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
Abdul-Rahaman, Awal & Abdulai, Awudu, 2018. "Vertical coordination mechanisms and farm performance amongst smallholder rice farmers in northern Ghana," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 273822, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
Awal Abdul‐Rahaman & Awudu Abdulai, 2020. "Vertical coordination mechanisms and farm performance amongst smallholder rice farmers in northern Ghana," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(2), pages 259-280, April.
Cristina Romero Granja & Meike Wollni, 2018. "Dynamics of smallholder participation in horticultural export chains: evidence from Ecuador," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 49(2), pages 225-235, March.
Saule Burkitbayeva & Emma Janssen & Johan Swinnen, 2020. "Technology Adoption, Vertical Coordination in Value Chains, and FDI in Developing Countries: Panel Evidence from the Dairy Sector in India (Punjab)," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 57(2), pages 433-479, September.
Iffat Abbas Abbasi & Hasbullah Ashari & Amin Jan & Ahmad Shabudin Ariffin, 2021. "Contract Farming towards Social Business: A New Paradigm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-17, November.
Tran, Phuong Nguyen Thu & Gorton, Matthew & Lemke, Fred, 2021. "When supplier development initiatives fail: Identifying the causes of opportunism and unexpected outcomes," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 277-289.
See citations under working paper version above.
See citations under working paper version above.Sorry, no citations of chapters recorded.
NEP is an announcement service for new working papers, with a weekly report in each of many fields. This author has had 5 papers announced in NEP. These are the fields, ordered by number of announcements, along with their dates. If the author is listed in the directory of specialists for this field, a link is also provided.
NEP-EXP: Experimental Economics (5) 2009-07-03 2012-05-08 2012-06-25 2012-07-23 2013-03-02. Author is listed
NEP-AGR: Agricultural Economics (4) 2012-05-08 2012-06-25 2012-07-23 2013-03-02
NEP-SEA: South East Asia (2) 2012-07-23 2013-03-02
NEP-DEV: Development (1) 2013-03-02
To update listings or check citations waiting for approval, Christoph Saenger should log into the RePEc Author Service.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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i got my August stack for the Stash Stack Club. this pushed my blue FQ stack to the brink and i had to start another pile of blues. to be perfectly honest, i thought that 3 navy and white dot fabrics was a bit excessive but otherwise i'm happy with the selection. unfortunately the August stack doesn't work with my long-term project i had planned for these fabrics.
i am making another HST value quilt. the plan is to organize the stack each month from light to dark, dividing it in half, and then pairing light and dark fabrics together for the value quilt. i'm using my wonder cut ruler to make 5" HSTs. it works really well on fat quarters. working on it a little each month as the fabrics arrive will keep me from project fatigue and i can trim as i go.
the idea is to make HSTs each month when the new stack comes in and by the end of the year i'll have a rainbow of colors. i found that the navy stack doesn't work, however, because there is just not enough contrast. i might do a few with the very darkest and lightest fabrics but i won't utilize the entire stack. it's not a total loss though, because the majority of my blues are of the teal/aqua/baby variety and it's nice to have some darker colors.
I like your idea for the stacks, and I do think if you use the navy pieces with some of your other blues, it will still work.
I joined the club after I saw your pinks last month. I wasn't thrilled with the repeat of polka dots either, or that cream plaid. Hopefully next month will be better! I like your idea of prepping them each month.


text:
FCC Takes First Steps Towards Telecom Foreign Ownership Reform
The FCC recently released an Order giving companies greater flexibility in how they can structure foreign investment in common carrier licensees, such as wireless companies that provide phone service. This action, taken in a proceeding initiated last year, is a first step towards simplifying and streamlining the FCC's cumbersome foreign ownership review and approval process, with the goal of facilitating increased foreign investment in telecommunications companies.
The FCC's foreign ownership policy is governed by Section 310 of the Communications Act. Section (b)(3) of the statute requires the FCC to prohibit certain foreign entities from being FCC licenses themselves and from directly holding ownership interests that exceed specified levels in certain types of FCC licensees, such as common carrier licensees. The FCC's International Bureau previously interpreted this provision to strictly prohibit foreign entities from having more than a 20% non-controlling interest (direct or indirect) in an FCC common carrier licensee.
The Order replaces this absolute prohibition with a discretionary policy already in use under a different section of the statute, Section 310(b)(4). That section restricts foreign entities from having more than a 25% controlling interest (direct or indirect) in any parent company of an FCC common carrier licensee (among other entities), unless the FCC specifically approves a greater foreign ownership interest.
The FCC makes the determination of whether it should allow greater foreign investment under Section 310(b)(4) and now under Section 310(b)(3), by examining whether the foreign investment is from a World Trade Organization (WTO) Member country, using a "principal place of business" test. If under the principal place of business test the investment is from a WTO Member country, the proposed foreign investment is presumed to be competitive and in the public interest. Where the investment is from a non-WTO Member country, the FCC applies what is known as an "effective competitive opportunities" or "ECO" test. The purpose of the ECO test is to determine whether competitive opportunities exist for American companies in those non-WTO Member countries and whether the foreign investment in the U.S. will serve the public interest.
The FCC's foreign ownership review and approval process under Section 310(b)(4) has historically proven to be complex and time-consuming, both for licensees and the FCC. Licensees are required to engage in costly and extensive efforts in order to compile detailed information regarding citizenship and principal places of business of investors. There is no exception for individuals and entities that hold even de minimis interests through multiple intervening investment vehicles and holding companies. Moreover, licensees often have to conduct this exercise repeatedly given the fluid nature of investments. For its part, the FCC must expend considerable resources of its own processing (and often reprocessing) the voluminous and detailed information submitted by licensees.
The FCC's decision liberalizes only its ownership policies under Section 310(b)(3). It leaves for another day the extensive reforms proposed by the FCC in a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking regarding foreign ownership under Section 310(b)(4).
The FCC's Order has been published in the Federal Register and is now in effect. Parties interested in learning more about the FCC's Order or the foreign ownership reform proceeding should contact Pillsbury for advice.
Posted in: Ownership Law & Regulation and Telecommunications


A federal judge on Thursday awarded the U.S. government nearly $83 million from three companies involved in a Medicare fraud case prompted by whistleblowers.
U.S. District Judge William J. Haynes Jr. in Tennessee ruled that Renal Care Group, Fresenius Medical Care Holdings Inc. and Renal Care Group Supply Co. showed reckless disregard of the federal law when billing the Medicare program for supplies used in home dialysis from 1999 until 2005.
According to federal prosecutors, several employees from Renal Care Group complained about the institution's Medicare billings.
The government claimed that Renal Care Group forwarded false claims for supplies provided to home dialysis patients and created a fake billing company that meddled with the patient's supply options and urged them to transfer to Renal Care Group from January 1999 until December 2005.
The company alleged that it did not go against the Medicare rules and further said that payment of claims from Medicare showed acceptance of the compliance.
Judge Haynes wrote that the fraud case involved payment claims for supplies to at nearly 4,000 patients. Most of these patients have life-threatening condition, the prosecutors said. Management officials did not listen to the advice of company lawyers, Haynes added. The million-dollar award included civil penalties worth $43.7 million.
Prosecutors mentioned one whistleblower, citing he did not want to go to jail.
The lawsuit was filed in 2005 at St. Louis, but was eventually moved to Nashville. It was under the investigation of the FBI, a well as the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.


We love Barron's Educational books! Today, I have four NEW titles that you must learn about. Barron's books have always impressed me and your kids will not be bored. I think our favorite was How to be a supercow by Deborah Fajerman. The other three books I'll discuss are puzzle challenges for clever kids. These books are perfect at church, doctor's appointments or just when you need the electronics shut off for the day.
Star Quest is filled with puzzle challenges for clever kids. My son loves puzzles so the color codes, extreme mazes and dot to dots spoke to him. I loved that the book started off with saying, "Welcome Puzzle Master." The introduction and instructions were easy to understand. I also loved reading the facts about space travel. And of course, there are always answers to check your work. Each extreme puzzle had a place to write the time it took you to finish. Overall, I felt that Star Quest was challenging and fun.
I absolutely loved this book. I actually read it right before church started and my kids were so into it. I loved that it was about a Mommy Cow and bed time. I've had a hard time putting my kids to bed so this was the perfect book. It was funny and exciting. I loved the illustrations. They weren't overbearing. They were simple and fun to look at. I also loved how the sentences rhymed. The Mommy Cow goes along with her Supercows and tells them they can't be improperly dressed and they need to brush their teeth and wash their face. She said it with love and they knew that they could be supercows in the morning and she would be there to teach them to fly. It was a very cute book and I highly recommend it.
The Challenging Incredible and Amazing Puzzle books both had 150 plus timed puzzles including dot to dot, mazes, picture puzzles and spot the difference. I couldn't believe how many different puzzles were included in each book. These books will keep your children entertained for hours especially if they are the clever type. Each book also has answers in the back to check your work. And each puzzle starts easy and gradually gets harder. I didn't see a real difference between the "Incredible" (red) and "Amazing" (blue) puzzle books so I don't have a preference but I think you should have both. I also loved how each puzzle had a time challenge. Overall, I was impressed with the amount of puzzles that were included in each book.


text:
The Playgoer
Theatre News, Reviews, Commentary
The Smoking Ruling
For those of you following this, a set-back for that onstage smoking case in Denver, as a judge refused to allow an exemption for theatre performances in the city's comprehensive public ban.
[Judge] Martinez ruled the act of smoking, even in performance, "is not inherently an expressive behavior," and therefore does not qualify for free-speech protections under the U.S. constitution.
Well I think we all know a few actors who would disagree. But I digress...
I couldn't resist chuckling over this bit of courtroom "drama":
Things grew equally dramatic when the plaintiffs chose to demonstrate for the judge the inadequacy of fake cigarette alternatives. But this strategy backfired when Theatre 13's Judson Webb puffed into a simulated plastic cigarette, shooting a brief blue burst of talcum into the air. Webb said such devices lack believability, in part because the devices cannot depict a continual burn, and create a "massive distraction" for audiences.
Yet in his ruling, Martinez said Webb's simulated act looked real enough for him.
Indeed, need not all modern commercial theatre simply "look real enough" to satisfy...
Posted by Playgoer
J. Kelly said...
What I wonder is why actors unions haven't already demanded that actual cigarette smoking be banned from productions. I mean, they do cause cancer and all it would take to get addicted is a month-long run of a show where you smoke every night...
What hard-on-his-luck actor would turn down a role that involved smoking, or have the courage to ask for the smoking to be taken out or "faked" (ie. acted)? The rationale for banning cigarette smoking in bars is not that it harms the patrons -- who have agreed to enter the premises -- but that it harms the employees, whose choice is between second-hand smoke or being unemployed.
As for Webb's assertion that fake cigarettes create a "massive distraction" for audiences, it seems a bit much. I mean, the very act of being an audience member involves suspension of disbelief. They can deal with a bunch of singing cats, but a simulated cigarette is too much for them?
As for someone like me, who is allergic to cigarette smoke, I find the actual smoking of cigarettes on stage to be a distraction -- at least when the stage area is not well ventilated. (Certainly, in small black boxes.)
Personally, I blame the Method. There's an obsession with "realism" in American theatre that is taken to ludicrous ends when a director argues that not smoking a poisonous drug onstage is too big a sacrifice to artistic integrity...
I had this same argument with my whining little brother when he visited last month. I said to him:
"You know what Marlboro Man, someday I am going to pry that cigarette from your dead cancer hand. But until I do, quit blowing your second hand smoke in my face. And quit blowing it into my apartment, my restaurant, my theatre. My public space in my city, not yours, asshole! So put that into your civil liberty pipe and smoke it. But smoke it somewhere else. I don't want to hear that stupid argument again."
But then I suddenly realized that I wasn't really talking to my little brother. I was talking to an actor in a play. And I, too, was an actor on stage. He was playing the Eugene O'neill-like character and I was his older brother Jamie Tyrone. We were drunk. I mean, we were playacting drunk. I think we were acting, anyway. But the cigarette was real. And I just knew what this asshole "brother" of mine had planned. As if on cue, he was going to take a deep drag off the cigarette and blow it right into my face. Oh, and you better believe, I was more than ready for that one.
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Africa's digital economy needs cross-border cooperation to succeed
DAKHLA, Morocco, April 1, 2019/ — Africa still lags behind the rest of the world in its digital transformation, and in spite of a growing number of innovative solutions, the ongoing lack of adequate infrastructure and connectivity is preventing the continent from realizing its true economic potential. The best and fastest way to overcome these barriers may lie in heightened cooperation between countries and their various regulators.
This is according to James Claude, CEO of Global Voice Group (GVG) – a provider of IT solutions to governments and regulatory authorities – who says that while many countries in Africa are individually working to increase their infrastructure and digital capabilities, the most effective solution will be to approach these challenges from a regional perspective.
While attending the 5thCrans Montana Forum in Dakhla, Morocco in March of this year, Claude noted that African governments have a crucial role to play in taking the continent to the next stage in its digital evolution.
"Businesses, universities and young entrepreneurs are increasingly contributing to the digital economy and fostering innovation in Africa. Governments now need to work towards helping these private sector players to grow their solutions more rapidly and affect real change on the continent. This will require harmonising regulations that allow businesses and services to expand beyond country borders."
Africa's potential as a global leader in the world's digital economy grows significantly with each passing year. Africa's population is increasing exponentially, and is expected to reach between 1.379 billion and 1.486 billion by 2025. In addition to this, the market penetration of digital technology is accelerating. Importantly, it is predicted that half of Africa's entire population is expected to own smartphones by 2020, which already goes a long way towards overcoming infrastructural barriers to digital transformation and connecting people and services online.
"Building on this, mobile money platforms such as M-Pesa has fundamentally changed the way that money is circulated on the continent. E-commerce is also growing rapidly as a result of mobile money, with online retailers that accept mobile money payments even providing people without bank accounts access a greater variety of goods. Similarly, small and medium businesses are able to increase sales and overcome many infrastructure restraints."
Claude explains that governments across the continent must build on this by creating more digital services based in Africa, facilitating more local tech companies, and continuing to invest in education and incubators that allow citizens to fully access and benefit from digital transformation.
"Equally vital, is to ensure that regulators in every region and country have the visibility, transparency and the necessary data to make informed decisions that will help the digital economy across the different jurisdictions. This is an area in which GVG already has a lot of experience, having pioneered the regulatory technology solution, RegTech on the continent."
GVG has been helping regulators and government agencies to play a proactive and relevant role in developing their digital agenda. "Our solutions provide key data that help regulators to migrate from paper-based institutions to digital ones. We will continue to play this role, and focusing on Big Data for better regulation, compliance monitoring, revenue assurance, fraud prevention and also Digital Identity. We believe that these will be the key enablers allowing Africa's citizens to become active participants in the digital economy instead of mere consumers of imported digital goods. Digital ID will also be key to improve better government services delivery," Claude concludes.
Source: APO
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Bernie Sanders promises to maim the filibuster to pass Medicare for All.
Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders speaks while introducing the Medicare for All Act of 2019.
After confusing an awful lot of people by insisting that he could pass Medicare for All without ending the filibuster, Bernie Sanders has finally clarified how he'd go about it.
The Vermont senator says he would enact his signature health care proposal using budget reconciliation, the legislative process that prevents filibusters on certain types of tax and spending bills, allowing them to pass with a bare majority. Most experts believe that the special rules required for reconciliation would prevent Congress from using it to pass Sanders' proposal. But in a statement Wednesday, Sanders essentially said he would be willing to bulldoze those limitations.
"It is the vice president who determines what is and is not permissible under budget reconciliation. I can tell you that a vice president in a Bernie Sanders administration will determine that Medicare for All can pass through the Senate under reconciliation and is not in violation of the rules," he said.
Using the power of the vice president to wave a bill past reconciliations procedural roadblocks is not a new idea. As Politico notes, Texas Sen. Ted Cruz unsuccessfully pressed Republicans to use similar tactics during their push to repeal Obamacare in 2017. It might work, legally, and would amount to punching an enormous hole in the filibuster without demolishing it entirely.
So let's unpack the idea a bit. Under the "Byrd rule," Congress is not allowed to pass bills through reconciliation that only have a "merely incidental" effect on the budget. What this means in practice is that purely regulatory proposals aren't eligible. This would be a problem for Sanders' health care plan, since the legislation effectively bans private insurers from competing with public coverage (that's what makes it single-payer). Most health policy and budget wonks consider that a regulatory play, through and through.
This would be a major break with Senate tradition. It would also be an end-run around the filibuster that would create precedent for using reconciliation much more aggressively in the future. Would it mean that Congress could pass anything using the process, though? I don't know. The Byrd rule—which, unlike the filibuster, is actually written into law—has six different tests for whether provisions in a bill satisfy the requirements of reconciliation, some of which are quite strict. It bars legislation if it doesn't "produce a change in outlays or revenues," for instance, which is a fairly cut and dry standard that would seem to foreclose voting rights legislation, to take just one example. But at this point, we're really getting into the realm of hypotheticals. The big picture is that if Sanders can muster 51 votes for his health care bill—which itself seems fairly unlikely in a world where West Virginia Sen. Joe Manchin is a key Democratic stakeholder, if we're being honest—he's willing to bend the Senate's rules as we know them. (Of course, the Senate itself has to go along with the plan.) He might not urge Congress to kill the filibuster. But he'll certainly encourage them to maim it.
Correction, April 11, 2019: An earlier version of this post misspelled Kamala Harris' first name.


text:
Philosophy Major Requirements
Philosophy Minor Requirements
Religious Studies Major Requirements
Religious Studies Minor Requirements
Home › Academics › Majors and Programs › Philosophy and Religious Studies › Faculty
Philosophy and Religious Studies Faculty
Shay Welch, Ph.D.
350 Spelman Lane
Email: swelch1@spelman.edu
Ph.D, Binghamton University
M.A., Florida State University
B.A., University of South Alabama
AOS: Native American Philosophy, Feminist/Social Epistemology, Feminist Ethics, Social/Political Philosophy
AOC: Embodied Cognition Theory, Critical Race Theory
Courses Taught:
Native American Philosophy
Philosophy of Sex and Domination
Social/Political Philosophy
While my research appears to vary strikingly from one perceived epoch to the other, my interdisciplinary research and creative commitments to freedom, creativity, and embodiment in social relations have remained unified over time.
My first book, "A Theory of Freedom: Feminist and the Social Contract" (Palgrave Macmillan 2012) addresses feminist political objections to social contract theory while simultaneously retaining the core set of conditions social contract theory necessitates for consent-based individual freedom grounded in the creativity of being.
My second book follows this notion of individual freedom and creativity to the dark belly of oppressive social relations and brings in, more explicitly, the phenomenology of embodiment. In "Existential Eroticism: A Feminist Approach to Women's Oppression-Perpetuating Choices" (Lexington 2015), I use a framework of desperate rationality to reconcile the tension within feminist ethics regarding the rationality of women's choices in and from abusive contexts, broadly construed, along with their moral responsibility for the perpetuation of oppressive norms that spills over from those choices. It is with this book that my field began to regard me as a feminist, and social, epistemologist. And upon reflection, it marks my movement into embodied cognition theory.
My most recent book, "The Phenomenology of a Performative Knowledge System: Dancing with Native American Epistemology" (Palgrave Macmillan 2019), intermingles my expertise in Native American Philosophy with my work in embodied cognition to demonstrate how Native American ways of knowing constitute a systemic epistemological system and conditions for analytic Truth. To build up to this undertaking, I developed different components of the framework in the connected articles — political, ethical, metaphysical, and cognitive—that would aid me in this epistemological venture.
In my current research on embodied critical inquiry, I demonstrate how to utilize phenomenological movement to explore our embodied practices of knowing. I argue that it is our free and creative embodied movements that give us the ability to cognitively and critically engage in critical analysis about the world. My purpose is to develop a framework within the Phenomenology of Cognition of a "performative epistemology" that expands the thinking-in-movement framework; I will argue that we can engage in processes of critical inquiry through dancing and choreographing practices at the embodied cognitive level. I aim to provide an analytic analysis of what it means to develop, articulate, and express questions that reside in one's cognitive unconscious to oneself— and to others — through the moving and dancing body qua embodied metaphors.
The Phenomenology of a Performative Knowledge System: Dancing with Native American Epistemology. New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2019: 215 pages.
Existential Eroticism: A Feminist Approach to Women's Oppression-Perpetuating Choices. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2015: 227 pages.
A Theory of Freedom: Feminism and the Social Contract. New York: Palgrave
Macmillan Publishing Co., 2012: 197 pages.
Anthology Chapters
Native American Feminist Philosophy. Handbook on Feminist Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, (in press): 15 pages
"Native Chaos Theory and the Politics of Difference". In the Routledge Companion to Contemporary Feminist Philosophy. Garry, Ann, Serene Khader, and Alison Stone, eds. New York: Routledge Press (2017): pp. 170-181.
"Imagination and Wonder: Native Cognitive Schemas and Democratic Ethics". In Phenomenology and the Political. Gurley, S. West and Geoff Pfeifer, eds. New York: Rowman and Littlefield (2016): pp. 131-147.
Peer Review Articles
"The Cognitive Unconscious and Native Implicit Ways of Knowing" Philosophy in the Contemporary World 25 (1), 2019: pp. 84-106.
"Dancing as Native American Epistemology". APA Newsletter on Native American and Indigenous Philosophy, 18, no. 1. Spring 2018: pp. 23-35.
"Radical-cum-Relational: Bridging Native Individual Autonomy and Feminist Ethics". Philosophical Topics 41, no. 2 (Fall) 2015: 203-223.
"A Discursive General Will: How Collective Reasoning Strengthens Social Freedom". Constellations, vol. 23, no. 1 (March 2014): 96-110.
"Social Freedom and the Value(s) of Friendship". Amity: Journal of Friendship Studies, vol. 1 (2013): 53-68.
"Transparent Trust and Oppression". Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, vol. 16, no. 1 (January 2013): 45-64.
"Social Freedom and Commitment". Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, vol. 15, no. 1 (Spring 2012): 117-134.
Kwajalyn Brown
kbrown@spelman.edu


text:
/**
 * Password Profiles
 * Description: A Password Profile resource represents a specific configuration to have user authentication via username and password.
 * DOCS: https://documentation.elasticpath.com/commerce-cloud/docs/api/single-sign-on/password-profiles/index.html
 */
import {Identifiable, Resource, ResourceList} from './core'

/**
 * The Password Profile object
 * DOCS: https://documentation.elasticpath.com/commerce-cloud/docs/api/single-sign-on/password-profiles/index.html#The-Password-Profile-Object
 */

export interface PasswordProfileBody {
    username_format: string
    name: string
    type: string
}

export interface PasswordProfile extends PasswordProfileBody, Identifiable {
    meta: {
        timestamps: {
            created_at: string
            updated_at: string
        }
    }
}

export interface PasswordProfileResponse extends Resource<PasswordProfile> {
    links: {
        self: string
    }
}

/**
 * Password Profiles Endpoints
 * DOCS: https://documentation.elasticpath.com/commerce-cloud/docs/api/single-sign-on/password-profiles/index.html
 */
export interface PasswordProfileEndpoint {
    /**
     * Read All Password Profiles
     * DOCS: https://documentation.elasticpath.com/commerce-cloud/docs/api/single-sign-on/password-profiles/get-all-password-profiles.html
     * * @param realmId - The ID for the authentication-realm.
     */
    All(realmId: string, token?: string, headers?): Promise<ResourceList<PasswordProfileResponse>>
    /**
     * Get a Password Profile
     * DOCS: https://documentation.elasticpath.com/commerce-cloud/docs/api/single-sign-on/password-profiles/get-a-password-profile.html
     * @param realmId - The ID for the authentication-realm containing the Password profiles.
     * @param profileId - The ID for the requested Password profile.
     */
    Get({realmId, profileId} : {realmId:string, profileId:string}): Promise<PasswordProfileResponse>

    /**
     * Create an Password Profile
     * DOCS: https://documentation.elasticpath.com/commerce-cloud/docs/api/single-sign-on/password-profiles/create-a-password-profile.html
     * @param realmId - The ID for the authentication-realm containing the Password profiles.
     * @param body - The Password Profiles object
     */
    Create(realmId: string, body: { data: PasswordProfileBody }): Promise<PasswordProfileResponse>

    /**
     * Update an Password Profile
     * DOCS: https://documentation.elasticpath.com/commerce-cloud/docs/api/single-sign-on/password-profiles/update-a-password-profile.html
     * @param realmId - The ID for the authentication-realm containing the Password profiles.
     * @param profileId - The ID for the requested Password profile.
     * @param body - The Password Profile object
     */
    Update(realmId: string, profileId: string, body: { data: PasswordProfileBody }): Promise<PasswordProfileResponse>

    /**
     * Delete an Password Profile
     * DOCS: https://documentation.elasticpath.com/commerce-cloud/docs/api/single-sign-on/password-profiles/delete-a-password-profile.html
     * @param realmId - The ID for the authentication-realm containing the Password profiles.
     * @param profileId - The ID for the requested Password profile.
     */
    Delete(realmId: string, profileId: string)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
10 books about Athenaeus
The Deipnosophists
Athenaeus
Athenaeus (ca. 170–ca. 230 CE), a Greek of Naucratis in Egypt, lived in Rome and wrote a historical work now lost. Of the fifteen books of his surviving Deipnosophists ('Sophists at Dinner'), the first two and parts of the third, eleventh, and fifteenth exist only in summary, the rest apparently complete. In it he pretends to tell a friend about a banquet at a scholar's house whither the learned guests brought extracts from poetry for recitation and discussion. Much of the matter however concerns the food provided and accessories. One learns about cooks, strange dishes, wines, menu cards, and countless other matters. Athenaeus was an antiquarian. The whole work, which mentions nearly eight hundred writers and two thousand five hundred writings, is a large treasury of information not only about table matters but also music, dances, games, and all sorts of literary subjects. And it abounds in quotations, mostly made direct by Athenaeus himself, from authors whose writings have not survived.
The Loeb Classical Library edition of The Deipnosophists is in seven volumes. There is a comprehensive index in the final volume.
The Learned Banqueters
Library of Congress PA3937.A2 2006 | Dewey Decimal 888.01
In The Learned Banqueters, Athenaeus describes a series of dinner parties at which the guests quote extensively from Greek literature. The work (which dates to the very end of the second century CE) is amusing reading and of extraordinary value as a treasury of quotations from works now lost. Athenaeus also preserves a wide range of information about different cuisines and foodstuffs, the music and entertainments that ornamented banquets, and the intellectual talk that was the heart of Greek conviviality. S. Douglas Olson has undertaken to produce a complete new edition of the work, replacing the previous Loeb Athenaeus (published under the title Deipnosophists).
In The Learned Banqueters, Athenaeus describes a series of dinner parties at which the guests quote extensively from Greek literature. The work (which dates to the very end of the second century ad) is amusing reading and of extraordinary value as a treasury of quotations from works now lost. Athenaeus also preserves a wide range of information about different cuisines and foodstuffs, the music and entertainments that ornamented banquets, and the intellectual talk that was the heart of Greek conviviality. Volume VIII completes S. Douglas Olson's complete new edition of the work, replacing the previous Loeb Athenaeus (published under the title Deipnosophists) and includes comprehensive indexes of authors, terms, texts, and places.
In The Learned Banqueters, Athenaeus describes a series of dinner parties at which the guests quote extensively from Greek literature. The work (which dates to the very end of the second century CE) is amusing reading and of extraordinary value as a treasury of quotations from works now lost. Athenaeus also preserves a wide range of information about different cuisines and foodstuffs; the music and entertainments that ornamented banquets; and the intellectual talk that was the heart of Greek conviviality.
S. Douglas Olson has undertaken to produce a complete new edition of the work, replacing the previous Loeb Athenaeus (published under the title Deipnosophists).
In The Learned Banqueters, Athenaeus describes a series of dinner parties at which the guests quote extensively from Greek literature. The work (which dates to the very end of the second century CE) is amusing reading and of extraordinary value as a treasury of quotations from works now lost. Athenaeus also preserves a wide range of information about different cuisines and foodstuffs; the music and entertainments that ornamented banquets; and the intellectual talk that was the heart of Greek conviviality. S. Douglas Olson has undertaken to produce a complete new edition of the work, replacing the previous Loeb Athenaeus (published under the title Deipnosophists).
In The Learned Banqueters, Athenaeus describes a series of dinner parties at which the guests quote extensively from Greek literature. The work (which dates to the very end of the second century ad) is amusing reading and of extraordinary value as a treasury of quotations from works now lost. Athenaeus also preserves a wide range of information about different cuisines and foodstuffs; the music and entertainments that ornamented banquets; and the intellectual talk that was the heart of Greek conviviality. S. Douglas Olson has undertaken to produce a complete new edition of the work, replacing the previous seven-volume Loeb Athenaeus (published under the title Deipnosophists).
In The Learned Banqueters, Athenaeus describes a series of dinner parties at which the guests quote extensively from Greek literature. The work (which dates to the very end of the second century CE) is amusing reading and of extraordinary value as a treasury of quotations from works now lost. Athenaeus also preserves a wide range of information about different cuisines and foodstuffs; the music and entertainments that ornamented banquets; and the intellectual talk that was the heart of Greek conviviality. S. Douglas Olson has undertaken to produce a complete new edition of the work, replacing the previous seven-volume Loeb Athenaeus (published under the title Deipnosophists).
The Web of Athenaeus
Christian Jacob
Library of Congress PA3937.J3313 2013 | Dewey Decimal 888.01
In The Web of Athenaeus, Christian Jacob produces a completely fresh and unique reading of Athenaeus's Sophists at Dinner (ca. 200 ce). Jacob provides the reader with a map and a compass to navigate the unfathomable number of intersecting paths in this enormous work: the books, the quotations, the diners, the dishes served, and—above all—the wordplay, all within the simulacrum of an ancient Greek library. A text long mined merely for its testimonies to lost classical poets, the Sophists at Dinner has now received a full literary re-imagining by Jacob, who connects the world of Hellenistic erudition with its legacy among Hellenized Romans. The Web of Athenaeus simultaneously offers a literary history of the rarest and finest of Greek culture along with a creative anthropology of a Roman imperial world obsessed with the Greek past.


text:
How Big U.S. Home Builders Plan to Ride Out a Downturn
D.R. Horton Keeps Costs Low
As It Takes On Small Rivals
In 'Pickup-Truck' Markets
By James R. Hagerty and Kemba J. DunhamStaff Reporters of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
FORT WORTH, Texas -- As a young man, Donald J. Tomnitz watched the arrival of Wal-Mart Stores Inc. doom his aunt's local drugstore in Mexico, Mo. Today, as chief executive of one of America's biggest home builders, D.R. Horton Inc., Mr. Tomnitz likes to compare his company to the steamroller that put his aunt out of business.
Both Wal-Mart and Horton were founded by folksy entrepreneurs rooted in Arkansas. Both cater mainly to moderate-income customers and have relied on high volume and rigorous cost controls to crush less-efficient competitors. Both have stellar long-term records: Horton, which sells more new homes than any other company in the U.S., says it has recorded a rise in earnings for every single quarter since it was founded in 1978.


Todd had the day off work for the holiday yesterday, so we decided to go to the zoo. It wasn't raining, but it was freezing cold. Here I am with the kids and some meerkats. The kids are the ones in beanies, not the ones digging in the sand behind the glass.
I promise Jared didn't spend the whole time in the stroller snacking. That was just the circumstance that made him still enough to photograph.
It was great to have a zoo outing with Daddy! I wish we had long weekends more often.
This morning, while getting his diaper changed, Jared discovered Eloise's leg warmers. I got them for her because our floors are perpetually freezing, and she spends a lot of time on the floor. Pants alone just weren't cutting it, and adding tights or leggings made diaper changes a hassle. Jared kept the leg warmers on all day, under his pants. He tells me that his legs were toasty.
Jared rocks the turtleneck, diaper, and leg warmers look. No self consciousness here.
Why does Eloise always stop doing her really cute things and give me the deer-in-the-headlights look when I try to catch her on camera? Here she is today. . .
. . . at the library on Wednesday. . .
. . . playing a few days ago. . .
. . . on Christmas day. . .
Of course, if there is one thing I have learned from parenting, it is that children never ever follow their own patterns all of the time.
Eloise is my favorite 2011 adventure. Happy New Year! May your 2012 be as happy and full of adventure as our 2011.
We Wish You a Merry Christmas Day!
After a month of buildup for Christmas, the week leading up to Christmas this year was a little bit disappointing. Jared caught a virus that was not your run of the mill cold. He was coughing all weekend the week before Christmas, and on Monday and Tuesday he got worse instead of better. We took him to see the doctor, who declared Jared to be on the mend. That afternoon he deteriorated into a sad little mess with a high fever. When Todd got home from work, he gave Jared a blessing and then sent us to urgent care. We spent the night going back and forth between medications to get the fever to come down and stay down.
I thought that nothing on earth could be more sad than a feverish little Jared refusing to leave the couch, but I was wrong. Soon Eloise caught the same bug, but it was stronger in her tiny little body. She refused to eat for several days, and had coughing fits that made her throw up several times. She also had a high fever, but we didn't want to give her ibuprofen on her already upset stomach, so we were stuck with just tylenol. We had two separate trips to the doctor for her, too. She has finally just started eating again.
As you might imagine, we didn't sleep very much last week. We are just now beginning to emerge from our sleepless haze. To the best of my fuzzy recollection, we did have Christmas this weekend. We spent Christmas Eve baking cookies for Santa, delivering the extra cookies to our neighbors, and playing in the yard. We also read the Christmas story out of the New Testament story book, put our star on top of the Christmas tree, and watched some videos about the birth of Jesus Christ, available here. Later, Jared was excited to set out some snickerdoodles for Santa, along with one carrot for the reindeer to fight over.
I'm not sure he ever understood just what Santa was coming for. After we tucked him into bed, we had to reassure him several times that Santa would not be coming into his room after he fell asleep.
When Christmas morning finally arrived, a very excited mom and dad had to direct Jared to his stocking. He was finally convinced to look inside it, and then refused to proceed with the morning's festivities until he got to eat his orange from Santa. This helmet is not new. We got it out for the tricycle, which is new. The helmet was a lot more interesting, though.
Eloise wasn't really ready to be up when we took her out to open presents. She didn't last very long before she started crying to go back to bed.
Here is a sampling of our Christmas morning experience, for our family that had to suffer through Christmas without us this year.
And here are some pictures of our Christmas afternoon, after church. Jared and Eloise gave Daddy a new game for the wii, and they spent the afternoon playing it together.
You'll notice, in the pictures above. that although Todd does not move, the child in his lap changes. That was Todd's version of keeping the kids out from under my feet while I prepared our Christmas feast. We had ham, rolls (Grandma Jolley's recipe, but never quite as good as Grandma Jolley made), au gratin potatoes, salad, and a chocolate pie, which I made from scratch. I should have waited to make the pie until after I opened my Christmas present from my family: a kitchenaid countertop mixer. I am not exaggerating when I say that making a fluffy meringue with nothing more than a whisk and elbow grease takes no less than 45 minutes.
When we put the table cloth on the table, Jared said, "It's Thanksgiving!" You can tell we are really classy eaters, since that is the only other time he remembers eating off a table cloth. The confusion continued for several days as we ate leftover ham, and Jared kept asking for, "More gurkey, please."
Eloise, still not eating at this point, loved to watch us eat. For all of our complaining about her not sleeping through the night, she is an extremely content child during our waking hours. If she is left out of something, she will just drag herself over to where the action is and try to climb our legs until we put her at eye level with the fun.
It was great to have this day to enjoy our little family and remember the birth of Jesus Christ. As much as we missed the extended family this year, we are really glad we weren't traveling with the kids sick. We have also been really busy with the paperwork and negotiations for buying a house, so we were glad not to have to work around a trip right now.
Over the next few days, we got to enjoy all of the great gifts that came from family and friends. These balls were a winner, Grandma and Grandpa Knight. Eloise hardly plays with anything that isn't a ball or on wheels.
We used this apostle matching game from Aunt Colette for family home evening. I think Jared never actually stopped playing it. He keeps bringing me balloons with the pictures of the apostles on them and asking, "Who's that?" He's keeping me on my toes with remembering all of their names.
Thanks for thinking of us, family, even though you are all far away. Merry Christmas! We will see all of you soon.
Eloise is 8 months old today. She didn't get a lot of mention in the Christmas post because she is too busy being a baby to notice much Christmas festivity.
Eloise is an independent little woman. She loves to crawl around on her belly to open doors, chase toy cars, eat stray pieces of paper that fall within her reach, and find Jared to see what he is doing and whether she can join in.
She had a brief stint (about a month) where she would feed herself a bottle if we propped her on a pillow with it. Now that her crawl is getting more efficient, though, she doesn't sit still long enough to drink more than a few swallows before she is off to investigate a sound or a toy or a cupboard door that she can see. If we want her to eat we have to tuck her securely into our arms and take her away from any stimulation (translation: Jared).
The princess was a reluctant sitter, since sitting up meant sitting still, and not being able to crawl around at will. She finally stayed sitting up unsupported on November 30, when I set her in a sitting position at library story time. Here is the big moment, captured on camera.
Eloise has always sort of had her own thing going on. Whenever anyone would try to play with her, she would stop what she was doing to watch the other person instead of interacting. That changed yesterday, when Eloise learned how to clap. Now she will clap when we ask her to, some of the time. If her socks are off she claps her feet instead of her hands, since they make a louder clap.
She learned how to blow raspberries when she was experimenting with the B sound. It didn't take very long for "B-b-b-b-b" to turn into spitting. Now she spits all of the time. I blame the influence of two eight month old spitters who we frequently sit near at church. Eloise's transformation into an interactive baby has not been limited to clapping. She also grabs my hands to play pat-a-cake, and continues gurgling and spitting when I talk back to her. This is the best age. Isn't she a doll?
Eloise has been a terrible sleeper for several months. She has been waking up multiple times at night totally unpredictably. We finally figured out that she has been getting cold at night, so we started putting her in two sets of pajamas, and putting a heating pad in her crib before we put her down in it, and she is down to two wakings per night. It sounds bad, but they are fairly predictable now, which helps us get a lot more sleep.
Obviously we are not so great at this cold weather business. All of the jacket layering and keeping track of mittens and gloves and hats was getting to be a bit much for getting out the door, until I got around to getting Jared a thick winter coat, and I discovered buntings. Having one clothing item that keeps the baby warm from head to toe is brilliant. Here is the princess, snug and warm, even though I had to break ice out of the swing before she got into it.
This sweet baby still doesn't have any teeth, and her progress in solid foods is slow. It is made even slower by her new need to either hold the spoon herself or blow raspberries with food in her mouth. Baby feeding is a messy business.
All in all, we are all glad to have this ticklish little thing around. She laughs at Jared's antics and chews away at our fingers, and keeps us on our toes with her curiosity. Don't grow too fast, little princess.
Jared is really excited about Christmas. We got a tree and put it up before Grandpa left, and since then Jared has been bubbling with Christmas excitement. He reminds us several times a day, "We're having Christmas!"
Jared sings Christmas carols all the time. His favorites are "Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer" and "We Wish You a Merry Christmas." Every time we see Christmas lights or decorations, Jared points them out. When he saw the holiday section at the grocery store, he said, "The grocery store is having Christmas, too!" It is really fun to see Jared discovering holiday excitement for the first time. His enthusiasm is contagious.
We had a family home evening activity braving the cold and ice outside to walk around our neighborhood looking at Christmas lights. Now, every evening, when Jared realizes that it is getting dark outside, he reminds us to turn on the lights on our Christmas tree. I've also found him more than once pulling his shoes out of the closet and hanging onto the front door handle, ready to go see Christmas lights.
One thing that Jared has a really hard time getting excited about is Santa Clause. You might remember our sad little episode trying to get him on Santa's lap last year. This year was no different. Santa made an appearance at our church Christmas party. I had Jared persuaded to go tell Santa "Merry Christmas," but the line was really long, and bedtime was very near. By the time our turn came, I was praying that the jolly old elf would have the sensitivity not to "Ho ho ho!" at this over stimulated, exhausted two year old with a Santa phobia. Santa was a true professional and took Jared's aversion to him in stride. Eloise was game for sitting on the bearded fellow's lap, as long as she got a fistful of whiskers.
Later, when we explained to Jared that Santa comes down the chimney into our house and leaves presents in the Christmas stockings, Jared got agitated and had to be reassured that Santa isn't coming into our house today, and he won't come if Jared doesn't want him to. When you think about it, Santa's house breaking is fairly unacceptable. I think this family is about ready to let the Santa tradition peter out.
One advantage of an aversion to Santa Clause is that Jared has a really good grasp on the true meaning of Christmas. Yesterday we were driving to look at a house for sale and Jared piped up from the back seat,"It's Christmas time! Jesus was born!"
Another time, Jared and I were in the kitchen making dinner together while Eloise played on the floor. It got quiet for a minute, so Jared broke the silence with a sweet, "Merry Christmas, Mommy." Could he possibly be more adorable?
One day, we got ambitious and did a holiday craft. This was Jared's first painting project since he stopped eating paint. He loved it.
After his two paintings were dry, we pulled out the Christmas cookie cutters, and Jared told me where to trace them. I cut them out, then used my eyelet setter for the first time since assembling our wedding invitations to put an eyelet in each shape. We added ribbon, and now we have ornaments!
One day last week we went to the mall to play out of the cold. The mall has been transformed with Christmas decorations. There is a decorated Christmas tree about every twenty yards on the mall floor, which had Jared in a flurry of excitement. When we reached the play area, excitement turned to awe as Jared found himself at eye level with nine flying reindeer near the mall ceiling, complete with bobbing heads and a blinking-nosed Rudolph in the lead. "It's Rudolph! Rudolph!" There was not a lot of playing after this discovery.
We have been doing a lot of baking to keep our house warm and smelling like Christmas. Jared is a master baker. This Monday we made sugar cookies for our playgroup, which came to our house on Tuesday morning for cookie decorating. Jared looks at home with his rolling pin and apron.
We had ten children in the house, including three babies, for some delightful, sticky, holiday mayhem. As the other toddlers dumped sprinkles and candy all over their plates, Jared picked up a sprinkles bottle, angled it downward, and gently tapped the bottom of the bottle so that the sprinkles would come out slowly and only on his cookie. This little man has his techniques in the kitchen.
As I baked a batch of pumpkin chocolate chip cookies this evening to take visiting teaching tomorrow, Todd pointed out that there has only been one day this week that we haven't baked or decorated cookies. I bet you all wish you were here. We're having Christmas! Merry Christmas everybody!
This year, we are thankful for grandparents.
Where has the time gone? House hunting, Christmas preparations, and the daily grind have stolen the time away. With Christmas itself around the corner, I had better get caught up on some of our exciting adventures.
Grandma and Grandpa Knight came to our house for Thanksgiving this year. They probably regretted it, since it was raining and freezing cold the whole time they were here, but we were very happy to have them. Grandpa Knight came to town the Saturday before Thanksgiving. He told Grandma before he came that he was going to spend his whole week here playing with Jared, but Eloise must have been enchanting because they were attached at the hip for a lot of his visit. Here they are watching the children play at the Bellevue Square Mall "inside playground," as Jared calls it.
Of course Jared and Grandpa had a lot of fun together. Grandpa remembers everything that Jared likes and does his very best to spoil him. He brought Jared a watch and a fan because he knows that Jared loves them (and associates all wristwatches and fans with Grandpa). Jared was also excited that Grandpa brought his jungle gym/walker for Jared to play with. This arrangement might decrease the efficacy of the walker, but it certainly gets a lot of adoration from passing pedestrians.
Grandma had to work for part of Thanksgiving week, so she flew in on Wednesday and went home to Arizona on Sunday. She had to make the most of her limited time here by making a big mess in Jared's room with him. She reintroduced Jared to these previously very neglected blocks. Since Grandma's visit, Jared has had these blocks out almost every day. He has even started to build his own towers, instead of just knocking them down.
Meanwhile, Grandpa and Eloise bonded over their shared baldness and limited mobility.
I took a lot of pictures of Grandpa and Eloise. They are just so sweet together that I couldn't resist.
Thanksgiving dinner itself was a great success, thanks to Grandma's expertise. I am still at a total loss over how gravy thickens. Theoretically I get it, but my only gravy success ever was a total accident. Somehow it thickened to the right consistency just as I was getting ready to throw it away. It's a good thing we had Grandma here to do it for us this year.
Here is a picture of our spread, and some very hungry Knights waiting for me to stop taking pictures and let them eat, already.
If you look closely at the picture above, you can see that Todd grew out his facial hair for the whole month of November. You might need a magnifying glass.
On Saturday we let Grandma and Grandpa babysit so we could go see the new Muppet movie. I like that they have persuaded me that it was us doing them a favor instead of them doing one for us. It was really nice to have a date with my handsome and talented husband.
Our uncooperative-for-pictures children sat for a few pictures with Grandma and Grandpa, just as non compliant as ever. Get those fingers out of your mouths and look at the CAMERA, kids! They are keeping it real, as usual.
This Thanksgiving I am thankful to have married into the best family that anyone could ever ask for. In addition to an amazing husband I got fantastic in-laws. Thank you for suffering through the shocking cold to come visit!
One year ago last week, Grandma Knight was run over by a truck. We are really thankful she was still around, walking, and healthy again to celebrate Thanksgiving with us. She even ran a 10K last Saturday to celebrate her mobility! Hurrah for Grandma!
Even though it has been chilly and rainy all November, we haven't been completely shut in. Jared, Eloise, and I had a trip to the zoo on one rainy day. I was terrible about taking pictures. This is about it.
We spent a lot of time raking our leaves, that fell until they were knee deep in our yard and driveway. We took advantage of our few dry days to play in the yard. Of course the leaves kept falling faster than we could rake them up. We have a whole system for raking leaves, now. Eloise rides in the baby carrier on my back, and Jared. . .
. . . can't get enough of those leaves anywhere!
After freezing in the yard, we needed something to warm us up. Jared had his first cup of apple cider. He wouldn't stop drinking for the picture.
Eloise isn't as avid a jumper as Jared, but she does enjoy an occasional jump. There is no chance of getting a picture of her smiling in the jumper, though, because she only smiles when she is whizzing up and down.
One day, as a family home evening activity, we made pizzas. Jared is quite the chef. He made some really spicy pizzas.
Aunt Cheyenne made Eloise a new hat, so we had a little photo shoot for her etsy shop. This photo was the favorite.
Our little princess is very photogenic. Thanks for the hat, Aunt Cheyenne! It's delicious.
Jared also modeled a hat that Cheyenne made for him a last summer.
We couldn't put on hats without going outside to splash in puddles. I'm trying to persuade Jared that splashing in puddles is for boots only, not gloves.
In spite of all of our raking, this is roughly what our driveway looks like right now. We are waiting for a couple of dry days so that we can rake them up again. Correction: We are waiting for two consecutive dry days corresponding with me being motivated.
I have been surprised how much work it is to get the kids bundled up to go outside. The boots, coats, mittens, extra socks, and hats can be a lot to deal with just to get out the door, not to mention keeping track of it all at the park/zoo/library/store. I need to find a way to streamline the process so we can get out of the door in less than half an hour. Any suggestions? I love this beautiful cold rainy weather. I probably just need to be more organized.