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ISCIENCES
We help you understand environmental and human security issues - impacts, vulnerability, indications and warnings.
Africa: Water surpluses persist in Tanzania & Kenya
Exceptional water deficits in North Africa will diminish but persist, and severe deficits are forecast in Gabon and in Nigeria south of the Benue River. Deficits will also persist in western Zambia and are expected to be extreme on the Kafue River. Moderate to exceptional deficits will emerge in central Botswana. Exceptional surpluses will persist in Tanzania, Kenya, and northern Uganda, but diminish somewhat in northern Madagascar. Surpluses east of Kinshasa in Democratic Republic of the Congo are forecast to increase in both extent and intensity, becoming severe.
Many analyses reported in ISciences-authored blog posts are based on data generated by the ISciences Water Security Indicator Model (WSIM). Other sources, if used, are referenced in footnotes accompanying individual posts. WSIM is a validated capability that produces monthly reports on current and forecast global freshwater surpluses and deficits with lead times of 1-9 months at 0.5°x0.5° resolution. This capability has been in continuous operation since April 2011 and has proven to provide reliable forecasts of emerging water security concerns in that time-frame. WSIM has the ability to assess the impacts of water anomalies on people, agriculture, and electricity generation. Detailed data, customized visualizations, and reports are available for purchase.
For more information contact info@isciences.com.
Copyright 2019 ISCIENCES, L.L.C. Global Water Monitor & Forecast Watch List is the property of ISCIENCES, L.L.C. It is protected by U.S. copyright laws and may not be reproduced in any way without the written permission of ISCIENCES, L.L.C. The user assumes the entire risk related to its use of information on ISCIENCES, L.L.C. Web pages, including information derived from Water Security Indicators Model (WSIM). This information may include forecasts, projections and other predictive statements that represent ISCIENCES, L.L.C.'s assumptions and expectations in light of currently available information and using the highest professional standards. Actual results may differ from those projected. Consequently, no guarantee is presented or implied as to the accuracy of specific forecasts, projections or predictive statements contained herein. ISCIENCES, L.L.C. provides such information "as is," and disclaims any and all warranties, whether express or implied, including (without limitation) any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. In no event will ISCIENCES, L.L.C. be liable to you or to any third party for any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, special or exemplary damages or lost profit resulting from any use or misuse of this data.
Global Precipitation & Temperature Outlook June 2018
The June Outlook indicates much warmer than normal temperatures (40+ years return period) blanketing a large block of Northeast China and stretching across the border well into Russia. Much of Europe is forecast to be warmer than normal, as well as many parts of Indonesia, while much cooler temperatures will prevail in parts of Central Africa. Conditions are expected to be much wetter than normal for several African nations along the Atlantic near the equator.
Global Precipitation & Temperature Outlook for September 2017
The September Outlook indicates much warmer than normal temperatures - conditions we'd expect to see once in 20 to 40 years - in many regions of the world including India's southern half, coastal West Africa, and the eastern Amazon Basin. Much drier than normal conditions are forecast for central India.
Global Precipitation & Temperature Outlook for December 2016
The December 2016 Precipitation & Temperature Outlook indicates that many parts of South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia are forecast to be much warmer than normal. Significant dry anomalies are expected to envelope Sri Lanka. Wet anomalies are forecast for Kazakhstan, northern Mongolia, Myanmar, the Malaysian Peninsula, Western Australia, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Venezuela.
Global Precipitation & Temperature Outlook for November 2016
Most noteworthy in the November 2016 Outlook is the forecast of a vast expanse of exceptionally warmer temperatures for the US Midwest and northward through Canada. Significant warm anomalies are also expected in coastal West Africa, the Gulf of Guinea, Madagascar, India's southern tip, and Southeast Asia. Exceptional dry anomalies are forecast along South America's northern Pacific coast and in southern Ethiopia. Areas forecast to experience wet anomalies include northern Brazil and northern Australia.
Africa: Exceptional water deficits shrink, surpluses persist in White Nile Basin
The extent of exceptional deficits across Africa is forecast to shrink considerably through December. However, moderate to extreme deficits are forecast for eastern Central African Republic and Republic of the Congo, and exceptional deficits are also expected along rivers in South Sudan, Uganda, Somalia, and Kenya. Surpluses are forecast in southeastern Sudan into South Sudan and for the Nile. The forecast for January through March indicates primarily moderate water deficits across northern Africa, a scattered band of both deficits and surpluses across the Sahel, and primarily abnormal to moderate deficits in southern Africa.
Global Precipitation & Temperature Outlook for October 2016
The October Outlook indicates a large expanse of exceptionally warmer than normal temperatures forecast from Quebec into Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and coastal West Africa, along with widespread significant warm anomalies in Western Europe, Russia, and Southeast Asia. Exceptional dry anomalies are forecast for Guinea-Bissau and western Guinea. Areas with a forecast of wet anomalies include Colombia, Peru, Gabon, Java, and northern Australia.
Global Precipitation & Temperature Outlook for June 2016
The outlook for June 2016 shows a dominant pattern of many severe to exceptionally warmer than normal temperatures - particularly in Brazil, North Africa, Southeast Asia, and Indonesia - along with a few pockets cooler than normal. Exceptional wet anomalies are forecast for portions of Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. Severe to extreme wet anomalies are forecast for portions of Texas, Mexico, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. Dry anomalies are forecast for portions of Uruguay, Brazil, Spain, Ethiopia, and India.
Africa: Water deficits forecast across the Northwest, coastal West Africa, & southern Africa; surpluses in East Africa & the Sahel
Water deficits are forecast in Northwest Africa, coastal West Africa and southern Africa, with particular persistence in coastal West Africa. Exceptional surpluses are expected in East Africa, especially in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. Surpluses are forecast to emerge in Ethiopia, Sudan, the Sahel, and northeastern Mozambique.
Africa: Water deficits forecast across the northwest, coastal West Africa, and southern Africa; surpluses in East Africa
Water deficits are forecast to dominate Northwest Africa, coastal West Africa and southern Africa through October 2016. Exceptional surpluses are expected in East Africa, particularly in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. Surpluses are forecast to emerge in Ethiopia, Sudan, and the Sahel during the latter portion of the forecast period.
Water & Climate
Kyoto and Beyond
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Answered by Karen Masters
Will the world end on 21st December 2012 because of the end of the Mayan calendar or because the winter solstice is "aligned" with the Milky Way?
Update: We, the Ask an Astronomer volunteers, enthusiastically recommend cosmophobia.org. This is a really excellent website that delves into all the details about the 2012 doomsday hoax, and then explains in great detail how none of it lines up with real science.
It appears that Mayan ideas about time keeping and calendars were very cyclical. This is actually easy to understand because it's quite like our calendar which has cycles of various sizes very familiar to us. For example there is a:
1 Jan every year
day 1 every month
Monday every week
1am every day
The Mayan cycles were a bit more complex, such that every day in a 52 year period had a unique name from a combination of various different cycles (similar to the idea that there is a Monday 1st January only every 7 years or so). This 52 year cycle has is called a Calendar Round. To keep track of dates on longer time scales the Mayans then had what's known as the Long Count, which provides a unique numerical indicator for each day. Mayans did not count in base ten like we did, but usually instead in base 20 (although not always). The Mayan long count can be summarized as:
#days Mayan count
1 1 kin
20 20 kin 1 uinal
360 360 kin 18 uinal 1 tun
7200 7200 kin 360 uinal 20 tun 1 kactun
144000 144000 kin 7200 uinal 400 tun 20 kactun 1 bactun
The name for a Mayan epoch apparently translates as 13 bactuns, which you can see is 13*144000 days or 5125.26 years (roughly). There is actually some minor disagreement over when the current Mayan long cycle started, but it was probably either August 11th or 13th 3114 BC, which means it comes to an end on either Dec 21st or 23rd 2012.
As I mentioned above the Mayan calendar was designed to be cyclical, so the fact that the long count comes to an end in Dec 2012, while having some significance for the Maya as the end of a great cycle (much like we celebrated the millennium (incorrectly as it happens) on Dec 31st 1999), does not mean that the "world will come to an end". It's actually true that there are Mayan names for periods of time longer than 13 bactuns, so that their calendar doesn't even end then, and even if it did there is no evidence to suggest that they (or anyone for that matter) have any special knowledge about the end of the world.
There are however a lot of theories knocking around the Internet which use the end of this calendar cycle to predict the end of the world. They often also mention the fact that Dec 21st is the winter solstice, and that the Sun on the solstice that year is "aligned" with the plane of the galaxy. On the winter solstice, the Sun always has a Declination of -23.5 degrees, and a Right Ascension of 18 hours, but exactly where this is on the sky relative to more distant stars changes very slowly due to the "precession of the equinoxes". We have a posted answer explaining this effect but how it's important in this answer (and how it was first noticed) is by the fact that it moves the position of the equinoxes, and solstices with a period of 26,000 years in a complete circle around the sky westward along the ecliptic. So the position of the winter solstice moves 360 degrees in 26,000 years. That means that it moves 360/26000 = 0.01 degrees a year. Defining an exact boundary for the plane of the Milky Way is tough, but it's at least 10-20 degrees wide across much of the sky, meaning that the solstice can be described as being "in the plane of the Milky Way" for 700-1400 years! To put it another way, the winter solstice that just past (2005) was only 0.1 degrees away from where it will be in 2012, a distance smaller than the size of the Sun itself (which is about 0.5 degrees in diameter). In any case the Sun crosses the plane of the Galaxy twice every year as we orbit around it, with no ill effect on Earth.
To conclude:
The Mayan calendar does not predict the end of the world on Dec 12th 2012.
The exact date of the end of the current Mayan Long Count is still a matter of debate amongst Mayan scholars, although it is likely to be around Dec 21 2012.
The Mayan calendar is cyclical, and there are names for cycles longer than 13 bactuns of the Long Count which are coming to an end in 2012.
Even if the Mayans did believe that the world would come to an end at the end of the Long Count (which I don't believe is true), there is no reason to assume that they have any special knowledge which would allow them to make this prediction correctly. You are free to believe the Sun won't come up tomorrow, but it will anyway....
The fact that the winter solstice on 2012 is "aligned" with the plane of the Galaxy has no significance.
It takes the winter solstice 700-1400 years to cross the plane of the Galaxy.
The solstice last year (2005) was within 0.1 degrees (or 1/5th the size of the Sun) of where it will be on 2012.
The Sun crosses the plane of the Milky Way twice every year with no ill effect.
Much of the information about Mayan calendars I got from the Mayan Calendars article from Wikipedia.
For another detailed answer covering these and other points relating to Mayan calendar predictions and Astronomical events see here.
Feb 2008 Update by KLM: Also see this recent article, "Worried about the End of the World?" by a past Curious Team member, Kate Becker, who now writes a science column for the Boulder Daily Camera.
Dec. 2012 update: Here's another informative page about 2012 and the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar: It's Not the End of the World. Two of the best sites about the Classic Maya and other Mesoamerican cultures are Mesoweb and FAMSI.
Jun. 2015 update: Turns out the world didn't end...science was right after all!
This was last updated on June 27, 2015.
Galactic Plane
Karen Masters
Karen was a graduate student at Cornell from 2000-2005. She went on to work as a researcher in galaxy redshift surveys at Harvard University, and is now on the Faculty at the University of Portsmouth back in her home country of the UK. Her research lately has focused on using the morphology of galaxies to give clues to their formation and evolution. She is the Project Scientist for the Galaxy Zoo project.
Twitter: @KarenLMasters
Website: http://icg.port.ac.uk/~mastersk/
What was there before the Big Bang and what is there outside of our universe? (Beginner)
Coriolis Effect Transit Evolution Galaxy Clusters Binary Stars Airplanes Calendars Hubble Space Telescope Leonids Wolf-Rayet Stars Wavelength Space Exploration Size Revolution Nuclear Fusion Axis Timekeeping Speed Active Galactic Nuclei Properties

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The international criminal legal system will not bring justice to Tamils. Other avenues for enforcing human-rights decisions should be explored.
On August 29, 2017, the Associated Press reported that Jagath Jayasuriya—former Sri Lankan general, and ambassador to Brazil and five other Latin American countries—had left Brazil for Sri Lanka. The ambassador's departure occurred the day after human rights groups filed war crimes suits against him in all six countries. This is a clear moral victory for those who pursue war criminals under international law.
Mr. Sirisena's statement rings true, because the international legal system sees Sri Lanka as a sovereign state. Even if individuals responsible for war crimes, crimes against humanity, or genocide against Tamils were to genuinely face prosecution, no juridical mechanism could force these individuals to justice. The authors believe that the Tamil movement should not abandon the international system entirely, but should direct its efforts into more fruitful avenues.
National sovereignty limits the international criminal legal system's usefulness, in at least three ways.
The Jayasuriya episode highlights how international criminal law is, intrinsically, intended to provide more spectacle than substance. Al-Jazeera and others note that Jayasuriya held diplomatic immunity in all six countries where charges were laid. His departure for Sri Lanka was therefore not prompted by fear that he would face legal action—but rather, from the intention to simulate that fear for international observers. This was perhaps an astute move from the public relations point of view, but it was ultimately unnecessary.
The international criminal system contains three mechanisms for dealing with international criminal charges: a) the doctrine of universal jurisdiction (which justified the charges laid against Jayasuriya in Latin American countries for crimes committed in Sri Lanka); b) the International Criminal Court (or ICC, established under the 2002 Rome Statute); and c) international criminal tribunals (like those established for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia). None of these channels presently indicates that severe consequences await Sri Lankan offenders.
"Universal jurisdiction" is a precept of customary (or unwritten) law, stating that some crimes are so heinous, they transcend national boundaries. The concept goes back at least to the Roman principles of jus cogens (peremptory norms) and jus gentium (law of nations), both of which are still used today to show that there are moral systems common to all humanity—such as proscribing genocide, the targeting of civilians, and so on. Thus, says the doctrine of universal jurisdiction, any national court on earth may permissibly prosecute those who are reasonably suspected of committing such crimes.
The loophole in this doctrine is that, to enforce such charges, the accused individual both must not benefit from diplomatic immunity, and must be present on the sovereign soil of the state which lays the charges. Otherwise, sentencing would take place in the absence of the accused. In this case, the accused may simply choose to avoid traveling to the countries where he or she faces charges (or has been sentenced in absentia).
Sri Lanka, however, has not signed the Rome Statute. Therefore, in a basic reading of the Statute, the ICC does not have jurisdiction over crimes committed on Sri Lankan territory. This means that if Sri Lanka intends to protect any of its nationals who would potentially face ICC charges, it may continue to exercise its sovereign right to abstain from participating in the Court. President Sirisena's statement is evidence of such an intent; so, we should not expect Sri Lanka to become party to the Rome Statute anytime soon.
Article 13 of the Rome Statute provides three means for bringing charges to the ICC. First, a state who has signed this treaty would refer a potential crime, listed under Article 5, to the Court. Second, the United Nations might refer such a potential violation to the ICC under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. Third, the ICC Prosecutor may initiate an investigation proprio motu (under his or her own initiative). Some experts might interpret these legal mechanisms as overriding national sovereignty, under the doctrine of universal jurisdiction.
The first and third of these situations (Rome Statute Articles 13[a] and [c]) are mechanisms internal to the ICC. They could be applied to Sri Lanka, if the ICC were to invoke the principle of universal jurisdiction. Since the ICC does not presently claim to wield universal jurisdiction, it is simply a treaty-based body and can only bring charges against nationals of states who ratify the treaty. Both of these options are dead ends.
The second situation (Rome Statute Article 13[b]) does provide a clear avenue for international criminal charges—hypothetically. Where a Sri Lankan national is reasonably suspected to have committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, or genocide, the United Nations Security Council could refer the case to the ICC for breaches of the peace, under Article VII of the UN Charter. This would be an exercise of the principle of universal jurisdiction (which, as we explain below, the UN does claim the right to use).
But in practice, Article 27(3) of the UN Charter limits that possibility. For the Security Council to take any action, nine out of fifteen members of the Security Council (including all five permanent members) must approve the decision.
The USA is a permanent member of the Security Council. It has a troubled relationship with the international criminal legal system. Like Sri Lanka, it refuses to become party to the ICC (although the USA has formally signed the Rome Statute, it has not ratified the treaty). Former American presidents, such as George W. Bush, routinely avoid visits to certain countries where universal jurisdiction has placed them under the threat of war crimes charges.
Similarly, China is a permanent member of the Security Council, and has not signed the Rome Statute. China was both a strong supporter of the Rajapakse administration (which governed Sri Lanka during the conflict), and it remains an ally of Sri Lanka in most circumstances.
Russia, also a permanent member of the Security Council, withdrew its signature from the Rome Statute after Russian nationals faced the possibility of charges following its annexation of Crimea, in 2016.
Each of these members of the UN Security Council may not have an interest in promoting the ICC's legitimacy, and could exercise their veto in any such vote. The vote itself is not likely to take place.
Using some variants of the doctrine of universal jurisdiction, the UN has established international criminal tribunals in the past. Both the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia have operated for more than 20 years, systematically prosecuting individuals responsible for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.
These situations parallel Sri Lanka's, because both tribunals address crimes committed during a non-international armed conflict. However, where Rwanda and Yugoslavia lost their unified central states over the course of their respective conflicts, Sri Lanka did not. Against calls for it to establish any such tribunal, this state vigorously invokes its sovereignty.
Building on the foundation of these previous models, the UN Human Rights Council resolved (in its October 2015 and March 2017 sessions) that a hybrid tribunal—a court composed of both Sri Lankan and international judges—should be established to prosecute crimes committed during the armed conflict in Sri Lanka. Such a court could allow prosecutions to proceed more transparently than a national court might permit. Sri Lanka has secured a two-year extension to comply with this directive, which will expire in 2019. Statements from the government of Sri Lanka do not indicate its intention to comply, however.
If 2019 comes and goes without this hybrid tribunal becoming a reality, it is also the case that violating the Human Rights Council's resolutions does not carry any sanction (beyond the moral sanction of being "named and shamed"). This follows from the principle of state sovereignty. It appears that international criminal tribunals apply most effectively in the case of failed states. Sri Lanka has, unfortunately, emerged with greater legitimacy than it had while the conflict was ongoing.
We return to our initial point: an element of theatrics predominates in the international criminal legal system. This is particularly true with respect to Sri Lanka, which resides outside the jurisdiction of the ICC, and refuses to implement the hybrid tribunal that the Human Rights Council has directed it to establish—without fear of consequences. However, leaving the legal considerations aside, the field of international criminal law can only prosecute particular individuals for the particular acts of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.
In contrast, the oppression of Tamils in Sri Lanka is systemic: it is rooted in the social construct of ethnic hierarchy; it is legally entrenched in the Sri Lankan constitutional structure; it grows from the history of successive failed Tamil strategies for freedom (at the very least, since the end of British rule); it lives on in an ongoing campaign to appropriate Tamil lands, in service to the institutions of the Sinhalese national-development project and the Sri Lankan military. Imprisoning this or that individual—though it would be just—cannot alter the deeply-rooted systems which guided those individuals to become war criminals and genocidaires.
A series of criminal prosecutions might bring some measure of healing to those who have lost loved ones through violations of international criminal law. It would not address the economic and political bases of the Tamil nation's present condition. While Sri Lankan state functionaries may feign fear and respect for international law, the international criminal legal system does not presently provide established, institutional means to bring more permanent forms of justice and empowerment to Tamils.
The authors hold great personal respect for those of our colleagues who have begun to use international criminal law to achieve justice for Tamils. We recognize that their work may protect future generations of potential victims—by contributing to efforts that will make the international criminal legal system more effective in the long term. We feel that this noble strategy requires a complement: one that will develop through the study of other mechanisms, such as international trade flows and strategic diplomacy, which act to influence state behaviour more effectively.
We note, for example, that the European Union's "Generalized System of Preferences–Plus" (EU GSP+) trade scheme relies on human rights reports, including those that the Human Rights Council produces, to assess countries' compliance with its conditions for preferential trade treatment. Sri Lanka is a beneficiary of the scheme, and the EU conducts GSP+ compliance reviews every two years. At its 2016 session, the EU voted to lift sanctions that had been in place against Sri Lanka. Tamil activists' strategy of lobbying the Human Rights Council could be more fruitful if it were combined with consistent lobbying for EU trade sanctions. This would be particularly important if Sri Lanka fails to establish a hybrid court in 2019: the following GSP+ compliance review would take place in 2020.
Similarly, the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has investigated the concept of a "New Generation of Investment Agreements" which would make investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) more responsive to policy matters. This initiative seeks to centre sustainable-development values within investment policy. (For instance, poorer states now often wish to retain the right to protect their environmental or labour regulations from challenge in investment courts.) Human-rights activists could lobby investor states to include mandatory human-rights compliance clauses within investment agreements that they sign with Sri Lanka (and other such states). This would make investment flows conditional on human-rights compliance, just as GSP+ links respect for human rights with trade preferences. Sri Lanka has a total of 29 bilateral investment treaties signed or in force.
Modern states are highly interdependent, and rely on regional trade agreements to increase their economic power. As the USA under President Trump retreats from its global leadership role, China has called on BRICS countries (Brazil, India, China, and South Africa) to take on a more proactive role in global governance. Similarly, the ASEAN group of South-East Asian countries holds regular conferences on regional trade and investment. These economic roundtables could provide an avenue to raise concerns over human rights with Sri Lanka's neighbours and trading partners.
Such tactics rely on withholding wealth or allowing it to flow, based on ongoing human-rights compliance. This form of power has more legitimacy among sovereign states (such as Sri Lanka) than international criminal prosecutions do. Such a strategy would give renewed relevance to decisions made in forums such as the Human Rights Council, by providing an effective link to concrete sanctioning mechanisms.
The authors believe that these avenues, and others like them, deserve further study. We welcome the support and collaboration of any who agree.
Well said. What we are experiencing in Myanmar today is an another example of the impotent of the international justice system.
We agree, Sundaram. Tamils in Sri Lanka and Rohingya in Myanmar share many difficulties in common. This is also, particularly, true of Tamil-speaking Muslims in Sri Lanka.
Tamils' efforts have much to learn from yours, and we extend our moral support during this difficult time. If there are any practical ways that we can show our support, please feel free to let us know.
Although Tamils have yet achieved justice, it should be recognised that some positive changes have taken place in Sri Lanka as a result of the UNHRC resolution.
You're right, Sangaran. Moral sanctions do achieve some effects, and this is shown by the way that the government of Sri Lanka has adapted its public image to accommodate human rights observers (like the UNHRC Rapporteur).
Whatever comes next, we want progress like this to continue. We're not satisfied, though, that changes to a state's public image are sufficient. We wrote this piece to begin a dialogue on better ways to move forward, and we welcome you to be part of that conversation.
Authors should not underestimatr the difficulties and disturbances caused as a result of such cases against criminals in foreign countries. It has also attracted much international media coverage tarnishing sri lanka's reputation. This is a form of nonviolence resistance against oppression and human rights violations. This kind of resistance should always continue.
You're absolutely right, Ramanathan. We do not want these efforts to stop. Reform to the international criminal legal system is necessary, and it will only happen when its potential has been used fully.
This is an opportunity to assess that system's limits, and how they can be overcome.
This article contradicts itself with argument. It says it is impossible for UN/ICC impossible to proceed war criminal prosecution against Srilanka because of its support from powerful countries such as Russia, China. On the other end it says international trade sanction is possible within the same conditions. It simply talks from the law point of view and what has happened in the past. But does not consider geopolitics, time periods, non-state actors role and strategies (future). Rwanda and Yugoslavia were sovereign countries before the international intervention (international criminal tribunal was established and subsequently they lost their unified structure of the state as part of that intervention. Srilanka is currently facing an international involvement. This is in our hands as to how to change this involvement as an intervention. To do so, we have to keep on beating the war crimes and genocide drums in the international arena in all possible means. The case filed against Jegath jeyasuriya is one of such activities. This article demotivates the Diaspora Tamils and undermine their spirit.
We understand your points and we certainly do not intend to demotivate the Tamil spirit to fight for justice. However we are working towards a goal, and here in particular mentioned "referral to ICC through UN" which is an exercise destined to fail.
We encourage activists to think outside of the box and explore feasible strategies to economically empower the Tamil homeland, only economic power brings also lasting peace and justice. Trade related activities fall under different conditions than approaching ICC/UN which is a purely political forum. International trade law, however, would indeed shape geopolitical interests and can set the time right for our common goals as Tamil people.
But there are other forums within the international human rights sphere, such as Treaty Bodies reviews and UPR reviews where it is absolutely important to lobby in order to achieve empowerment for Tamil people.


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Strengthening Red Cross Red Crescent responses in water and sanitation during emergencies
Published: 11 June 2014 10:43 CET
During emergencies, Regional Disaster Response Teams are deployed to support responses, such as distributing sanitation supplies. Photo: Uganda Red Cross Society
During deployments, Regional Disaster Response Teams conduct assessments to determine immediate needs during emergencies. Photo: Uganda Red Cross Society
Regional Disaster Response Teams are deployed during emergencies to support neighbouring National Societies with conducting assessments and distributing relief items. Photo: South Sudan Red Cross
By Susan Onyango and Chelsea Giles-Hansen, IFRC
Water and sanitation needs consistently rank among the most critical during disasters and crises across the eastern Africa and Indian Ocean Islands region. Basic needs for health and dignity such as access to safe drinking water, distribution of buckets, soap and hygiene items, sanitation - including safe disposal of human waste and disease control - are core areas of intervention for many National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
The Regional Disaster Response Team (RDRT) is one tool for emergency response managed by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). Skilled and experienced staff and volunteers from National Societies are trained in a specialized area, such as water and sanitation, health, disaster management, or logistics. Trained RDRT members are then deployed within 48 hours to support other National Societies in their emergency operations. Being from neighbouring countries, RDRT members are readily available and already have a good understanding of local contexts and circumstances.
Saïd Mhoudine, from the Comoros Red Crescent, has been deployed as a water and sanitation RDRT member to neighbouring countries of Madagascar, Seychelles, as well as outside region, to Mauritania. "What I like is the work to strengthen the capacity of National Societies through training volunteers," said Mhoudine. "By training volunteers in water, sanitation and hygiene promotion in emergencies, thousands of people affected by the disaster can be reached."
In the last ten years, IFRC has deployed 33 RDRTs within the eastern Africa region, 24 of whom (or 73 per cent) were water and sanitation specialists. While on RDRT deployments, members provide technical support to emergency operations. Because of their unique skills, RDRT trained members are also often used to facilitate trainings aimed at strengthening National Society disaster response teams.
Babajee Bajee Ram, a 28 year old volunteer with the Mauritius Red Cross Society, has been deployed as a water and sanitation RDRT member to Comoros and Burundi.
"I was happy to be informed of my selection, as this was another opportunity to assist vulnerable people and to acquire field experience and increase my knowledge of the water and sanitation sector," said Babajee.
Given the high demand for water and sanitation related RDRT deployments, IFRC recently brought together 19 participants from nine National Societies for a refresher training to strengthen the existing pool of water and sanitation specialists. Supported by the Norwegian Red Cross, the training, held in Nairobi, Kenya, focussed on conducting assessments, plan of action development, the role of the RDRT and standard operating procedures, and facilitation skills, along with theory and practical sessions in water, sanitation and hygiene components.
The RDRT complements the National Disaster Response Team and branch level teams that many National Societies in the region are also strengthening as part of disaster preparedness and risk reduction initiatives.
For more information on Regional Disaster Response Teams, visit http://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/disaster-management/responding/disaster-response-system/dr-tools-and-systems/regional-disaster-response-teams/


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Q: SQL Server SSRS query Issue I have the following query:
SELECT
    pupils.txtSchoolID, pupils.txtPreName, pupils.txtSurname,
    pupils.txtForm, pupils.txtAdditionalHealth, pupils.txtAllergyNotes,
    notes.txtNote
FROM
    TblPupilManagementPupils AS pupils
LEFT OUTER JOIN
    TblPupilManagementHealthNotes AS notes ON pupils.txtSchoolID = notes.txtSchoolID

I need to only pull the notes.txtNote when notes.txtType = 'Dietary', however, when I set this in a WHERE clause, I only get entries with Type Dietary, I still need all of the pupil's table data also. I thought the left outer join would do this.
When setting the WHERE clause, I try
WHERE notes.txtType = 'Dietary'

but this also does not work, I have been setting as a parameter temporarily.

A: Put the condition (notes.txtType = 'Dietary') with ON clause :
. . .
FROM TblPupilManagementPupils AS pupils LEFT OUTER JOIN
     TblPupilManagementHealthNotes AS notes
     ON pupils.txtSchoolID = notes.txtSchoolID AND notes.txtType = 'Dietary';

If you filter the LEFT OUTER JOINED  table data with WHERE clause, then you are making a join as INNER JOIN instead of LEFT JOIN.

A: you have to remove where clause and put that condition on clause because
Logically, all JOINs are performed as INNER JOINs using the ON filters, and then, as a subsequent step, any OUTER JOIN rows are added back to the necessary side. After all JOINs are complete is the WHERE filter processed. as a result when you applied it on where it removed all expect Dietary values records
SELECT        pupils.txtSchoolID, pupils.txtPreName, pupils.txtSurname,
pupils.txtForm, pupils.txtAdditionalHealth, pupils.txtAllergyNotes,
notes.txtNote

FROM TblPupilManagementPupils AS pupils LEFT OUTER JOIN
TblPupilManagementHealthNotes AS notes
ON pupils.txtSchoolID = notes.txtSchoolID and notes.txtType = 'Dietary'

A: Alternatively less optimized route is; run your query as is with no where clause and no additional on clause. Insert data into temp table and then filter that data as so; where notes.txtType = @Param . and this @Param you declare topside for stored procedure or query as @Param varchar(200) to capture whatever expected front end value your expecting.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: How to filter a model by using child model's field I hava a Company class that has_many TerminalValue. And the TerminalValue has a field `forecast.
I want to filter companies that have at least a TerminalValue those forecast is true.
I tried like this, but failed.
 Company.where(terminal_values: {forecast: true})
  Company Load (2.3ms)  SELECT "companies".* FROM "companies" WHERE "terminal_values"."forecast" = 't'
PG::UndefinedTable: ERROR:  missing FROM-clause entry for table "terminal_values"
LINE 1: SELECT "companies".* FROM "companies" WHERE "terminal_values...
                                                    ^
: SELECT "companies".* FROM "companies" WHERE "terminal_values"."forecast" = 't'

How can I write the filtering method that I want?

A: You need to use either joins or includes to achieve what you want.
joins
Company.joins(:terminal_values).where('terminal_values.forecast = ?', true)

includes
Company.includes(:terminal_values).where('terminal_values.forecast = ?', true).references(:terminal_values)


At Austin Subaru through January 31, 2019, well qualified buyers can receive as low as 1.9% APR financing up to 72 months, at $15 a month per thousand dollars financed on the 2019 Subaru WRX Sedan. This offer applies to the standard trim level.  Vehicle shown is for display purposes only.


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ElderlyCare
Good for the elderly
Quick Answer: Why Is Insurance Important For Elderly People?
Question: Why Does My Elderly Mom Keep Spitting?
Question: Why Do Elderly People's Ankles Swell?
Question: What Do To When An Elderly Person Falls?
Who Do You Contact If An Elderly Passes Away At Home?
FAQ: What Causes An Elderly Persons Feet To Throb And Burn?
FAQ: What Would Cause An Elderly Man To Have Continual Uti?
Often asked: Why Has My Elderly Cat Started Yowling?
Question: Why Is My Elderly Cat Sleeping A Lot?
FAQ: Why Do The Elderly Have Trouble Keeping A Regular Bowel Movements?
Leukemia in the elderly survival rate
Alice Sparrow
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the common form of acute leukemia in adults, accounting for over 80% of all acute leukemia in those over the age of 18 years. Overall 5-year survival remains poor in older AML patients; it is less than 5% in patient over 65 years.
Leukemia survival rates in older adults – Some people who go to forgiveness, live forgiveness. Many AML sites can come back from time to time The overall rate of survival for AML five years is 26%. This means that of the thousands of people living with AML, approximately 26% of the population still live five years after diagnosis.
How long can an elderly person live with leukemia?
A few population-based studies have reported 3-year survival rates of only 9-10% and 5-year survival of 3-8% in patients aged 60 years and older, compared with 5-year survival rates of up to 50% for younger patients.
Is leukemia curable in the elderly?
If you are an older adult diagnosed with leukemia , you have treatment options — even at age 99. Learn more from a doctor who specializes in treating leukemia in older adults .
Do elderly need aggressive therapy for leukemia?
Decisions regarding the optimal treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia in the elderly patient requires the consideration of multiple factors. Population-based studies have demonstrated that, for all age groups, aggressive therapy results in improved survival and quality of life when compared with palliative care.
What type of leukemia usually occurs in adults over 70 years of age?
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a type of cancer that affects the white blood cells and tends to progress slowly over many years . It can occur at any age , but is most common in older adults around 60-65 years of age .
You might be interested: Readers ask: What Auto Insurance Is Best For The Elderly Drivers?
What causes leukemia in the elderly?
Leukemia can develop due to a problem with blood cell production. It usually affects the leukocytes, or white blood cells. Leukemia is most likely to affect people over the age of 55 years, but it is also the most common cancer in those aged under 15 years.
What are the final stages of leukemia?
Signs of approaching death Worsening weakness and exhaustion . A need to sleep much of the time, often spending most of the day in bed or resting. Weight loss and muscle thinning or loss. Minimal or no appetite and difficulty eating or swallowing fluids. Decreased ability to talk and concentrate.
What is the life expectancy for someone with leukemia?
Latest figures show that the 5-year survival rate for all subtypes of leukemia is 61.4 percent. A 5-year survival rate looks at how many people are still alive 5 years after their diagnosis. Leukemia is most common in people aged over 55, with the median age of diagnosis being 66.
How do leukemia patients die?
Studies show that for leukemia patients , infections were the most common cause of death, most often bacterial infections but also fungal infections or a combination of the two. Bleeding was also a fairly common cause of death, often in the brain, lungs or digestive tract.
What are symptoms of leukemia in older adults?
Common leukemia signs and symptoms include: Fever or chills. Persistent fatigue, weakness. Frequent or severe infections. Losing weight without trying. Swollen lymph nodes , enlarged liver or spleen. Easy bleeding or bruising. Recurrent nosebleeds. Tiny red spots in your skin (petechiae)
You might be interested: Question: My Elderly Mother Has Died - What Steps Do I Need To Take Regarding Her Social Security Benefits?
What is chronic leukemia in elderly?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) is a disease of elderly patients being diagnosed at a median age of 72 years. This translates into an increased incidence of new diagnoses above the age of 65 years up to a rate of 22–30/100,000 per year.
What type of leukemia is most common in elderly?
Acute myeloid leukemia is also called acute myelocytic leukemia , acute myelogenous leukemia , acute granulocytic leukemia , acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, or sometimes just AML . It is most common in older people.
Should an 80 year old have chemo?
First, there is no reason to deny older people adequate cancer therapy — surgery, chemotherapy , radiation — based on age alone. Individualization is critical; one size does not fit all! While one 80 – year – old may tolerate a standard course of chemotherapy perfectly well, the next may not.
What do Leukemia spots look like?
Small red spots (petechiae) As well as medium-to-large bruises , you might notice " rashes " appearing on your skin. Small, pinhead-sized red spots on the skin (called "petechiae") may be a sign of leukaemia . These small red spots are actually very small bruises that cluster so that they look like a rash.
What age is most likely to get leukemia?
Who Gets Leukemia? Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is most common in children 2 to 8 years old . Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) can happen at any age, but most cases happen in kids younger than 2 and teens. Chronic myelogenous leukemia is most common in teens.
What are the four stages of leukemia?
The Rai system of chronic lymphocytic leukemia staging is sometimes simplified into low (stage 0), medium (stage I and II) and high ( stage III and IV) risk categories. Doctors may use this classification to help determine when to begin treatment.
FAQ: How To Deal With Difficult Elderly Mother?
Man beats elderly
Free wheelchairs for the elderly
Readers ask: Why Is My Elderly Cat Suddenly Pooping On The Floor?
FAQ: Why Are The Elderly At Risk For Falls?
Question: How Long Do Elderly Patients Live With Advanced Pulmonary Hypertension Disease?
Question: How Can I Help My Elderly Parent Stay At Home?
What Is The Best Cell Phone For An Elderly Person?
What Causes Incontinence In Elderly Men?
Polypharmacy in elderly
Often asked: How To Encourage Elderly To Move Closer To Our Home?
Quick Answer: How Many Elderly Americans In Nursing Homes?
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Schlock-Wire: 2 Classic Ken Hensley Solo Albums Reissued By Esoteric! – Schlockmania!
Schlock-Wire: 2 Classic Ken Hensley Solo Albums Reissued By Esoteric!
Here are descriptions and track listings for forthcoming reissues of two vintage solo albums (1973 and 1975, respectively) by Ken Hensley, who was keyboardist, second vocalist and main songwriter for Uriah Heep during their golden 1970's era. Your Humble Reviewer has been a fan of these albums for years because they are like singer-songwriter albums for people accustomed the heightened dynamics and emotional intensity of vintage hard rock. The Eager To Please reissue is particularly exciting because it adds a long-lost b-side to its track list.
Released on 22/02/10. Esoteric Recordings are pleased to announce the release of a newly remastered edition of Ken Hensley's first solo album.
Recorded in 1973 and originally released on the Bronze label, Proud Words on a Dusty Shelf featured Uriah Heep bassist Gary Thain and drummer Lee Kerslake. The resulting album was equal to anything recorded by Uriah Heep at their peak and features wonderful material such as Cold Autumn Sunday, Black Hearted Lady and Go Down, along with a version of Rain (also recorded by Uriah Heep).
Released on 22/02/10. A release of a newly re-mastered edition of KEN HENSLEY's second solo album. Recorded in 1975 and originally released on the Bronze label, Eager to Please was Hensley's solo follow up to Proud Words on a Dusty Shelf. The resulting album was equal to anything recorded by URIAH HEEP at their peak and features wonderful material such as Through the Eyes of a Child, Secret , The House on the Hill and Winter or Summer.
This reissue adds the single track Who Will Sing for You as a bonus track and joins Hensley's 1973 solo offering Proud Words on a Dusty Shelf , also released this month, as Esoteric's overview of Hensley's Bronze solo albums.
Previous ArticleSchlock-Wire: John Carpenter and Kurt Russell's ELVIS miniseries coming to DVD!
Schlock-Wire: Esoteric Recordings Apr/May Release Slate – Jade Warrior, Flash & Krautrock Galore!


Johnston K9 1-1 training is useful for anyone who cannot attend weekly training classes, for those who do not like a group environment or for specialist training.
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Johnston K9 offer 1-1 training to suit you. Just give our trainers a call to arrange an initial assessment and we can make a plan from there.
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Training takes place in your own home or another suitable location as agreed with the trainer.
Other dogs and handlers can be included where required.
Block bookings of 10 or more sessions receive a 10% discount.


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what i'm reading: the heartbeat of wounded knee: native america from 1890 to the present
The Heartbeat of Wounded Knee is a fascinating nonfiction. Part hidden history, part contemporary journalism, plus a dash of personal memoir, this ambitious book offers a new perspective on the Indigenous peoples of North America, in both the past and the present.
Historian and journalist David Treuer, who is Ojibwe, has dug deep into a misunderstood past, and surveyed a nuanced present, to create an important narrative that will be new to most readers.
The book that is echoed in Treuer's title, Dee Brown's Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, is likely the most famous work ever written about Native Americans. It's always been on my to-read list, but when I would think about reading it, it felt so heavy. Similar to how I feel about Holocaust literature, I didn't want to engage. Now I'm glad I never read that book, because I've learned that most of it is myth and misconception.
The first part of The Heartbeat of Wounded Knee could be titled "A People's History of Native America" -- a Howard Zinn-style counter-narrative, re-telling the story of contact and westward expansion from the Indigenous point of view, highlighting resistance and resilience -- and there was plenty of both.
Treuer unearths a hidden history of resistance that is stunning and inspiring. The resistance of Indigenous peoples was as relentless as the forces stacked against them. Nations used myriad forms of creative resistance against invasion, removal, and the destruction of their cultures. In the face of monumental, inescapable change, they regrouped and reinvented themselves again and again, over decades and centuries. Some chapters of this story are undeniably horrible and dark, but it's a more nuanced story than the one you likely already know and believe.
Throughout, Treuer pushes back against the more typical narrative of ruin, defeat, and despair. He also engages in some surprising myth-busting and truth-telling about modern and contemporary Native America.
We know that, post-contact, the Indigenous peoples of North America were killed by both outright slaughter, by the destruction of their environment (such as the mass buffalo slaughter), and by disease. I knew that Native peoples had no immunity to smallpox, but I had not considered that while westward settlers were spreading infection, a smallpox vaccine was already in use. Some infection was intentional, but even unintentional infection was preventable.
"Guns and germs," however, are only part of the story. Indigenous cultures were also killed by: government edict, legal sleight of hand, forced (and botched) assimilation, forced re-education, the systemic destruction of access to cultural necessities, a ridiculous number of treaties signed then ignored, and even by well-intentioned, paternalistic do-gooders.
One piece that I found particularly galling is how, after a US government push for Nations to become self-sufficient -- to use the dominant channels to regain the self-sufficiency they had lost -- the same government passed laws that made it absolutely impossible for them to do so.
In one example, Menominee tribes practiced sustainable forestry in the deep woods of Wisconsin and Michigan.
Oral history has it that a kind of spiritually based sustainable-yield management system was put into practice shortly after the reservation was established in 1854. According to a tribal leader, Charlie Frechette, the Menominee invoke this practice as part of many of their ceremonial proceedings: "Start with the rising sun and work towards the setting sun, but take only the mature trees, the sick trees, and the trees that have fallen. When you reach the end of the reservation, turn and cut from the setting sun to the rising sun, and the trees will last forever." The proceeds from the first trees they cut and sold went to buy flour. The tribe was in a position to use the resources it had left in order to take care of itself and to remain self-sufficient.
The government, again working in direct contradiction of its own stated ideology (weren't Indians supposed to learn "I" and not "we," and the value of buying and selling?), quickly put a stop to Menominee logging . . . In the government's view, land was to be cleared of trees and then planted. This was the path to civilization. It was also a path to disenfranchisement: the timber barons in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota wanted to sell the timber themselves and reap the profits.
Again and again, across eras and geography, Nations were prepared to adapt, and were successfully adapting, only to have the rules changed when private interests wanted to clear the way for more profit.
Here are some random tidbits that were of particular interest to me.
I learned that Robert La Follette, a socialist, and arguably the greatest American to ever serve in the United States Senate, was also great ally to Indigenous people. I love when different threads of my interests intersect in such positive ways.
Here is a great capsule explanation of a commonly held, destructive misconception about financial payments to Nations.
A settlement that was recompense for previous federal and private mismanagement and unlawful seizure of land and the assets on it was now recast as a reward to be granted to submission or withheld for insubordination. This failure of imagination is more pervasive and insidious than has generally been recognized, and it is shred by Indians and non-Indians alike. Such concessions made to the tribes in recognition of the horrors and tribulations of the nineteenth century, or colonialism more generally, are not pity payments or proto-welfare. Treaty rights and all of the benefits that accrue from them arise from the treaties themselves -- according to the U.S. Constitution, they are the "supreme law of the land" and the tacit recognition of the inherent rights Indians possessed long before the coming of the white man. The Menominee had the right to exist, the right to government, the right to social services not because they had suffered but because some of those rights were inherent long before they were brought to the treaty table -- and because others were received from the Americans in exchange for the right to settle Menominee homelands.
Had those rights been honored, the Menominee could have become the most fabulously successful tribe in the history of world and the U.S. government would still have been obligated -- by international law, by precedent, by its own founding documents, and by the treaties is signed -- to honor the provisions in those agreements.
The Heartbeat of Wounded Knee is full of examples of how steadfast Indigenous resistance, over the long haul, succeeded in changing laws and had a far-reaching impact on cultural survival. The dogged persistence of Maria Pearson, a Yankton Sioux woman, led to the passage of Iowa Burials Protection Act of 1976, which pushed back against the "the state, museum culture, and academic mind-set that (at best) saw Indian remains as a scientific opportunity rather than as human remains." At roughly the same time, the American Indian Religious Freedom Act, signed by President Jimmy Carter in 1982, gave Indigenous people the right to worship as they chose (yeah, 1982). These two laws made it possible for activists to win the passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) in 1990.
NAGPRA was, like a lot of legislation, meant to right historical wrongs and to curtail those ongoing. For instance, it initiated an official process for the return of Indian remains and funerary and non-funerary and religious objects held at state and federal institutions and in any museum or collection that received federal funds or grants. It also established procedures for the treatment of Indian remains and objects discovered during construction on state and federal land. Last, it made the trafficking of Indian remains a federal offense (though possession of remains is still legal). Although imperfect, this legislation has had a profound effect on the tribes themselves and on their relationship with the federal government. To date, the remains of more than 57,847 Indian people, 1,479,923 associated funerary objects, 243,198 unassociated funerary objects, and 5,136 sacred objects have been repatriated, in what continues to be a powerful and significant homecoming for tribes across the country. Armed with such legislation, tribes can finally try to make whole, however imperfectly, what has been broken. And coupled with the growth of Indian education and the move to put more and more power in Indian hands, the legislation created a sense that centuries of hostility from the state directed at Indians were at last giving way to some restoration of Indians' ability to control and protect our cultural patrimony.
The story of the American Indian Movement (AIM) and the incidents at Pine Ridge Reservation were revelatory to me. Here, Treuer goes into too much detail for my interest, which I suspect is an attempt clear up a muddied history, to put on record the facts as he has uncovered them. Those facts are not certainly not a proud moment in Native history. This attests to Treuer's willingness to embrace all of that history, not only the bits that portray Indigenous people in a positive light. For me it also raised questions about progressive people's support of AIM, which most of us know little or nothing about, merely because it sounds like something we should support. In reality it was a petty, corrupt, randomly violent, misogynist organization without widespread support or anything approaching a mandate. Apparently many Native people joke that AIM stands for "Assholes in Moccasins".
The contemporary stories at the end of the book are brilliant. These are stories of people who are blending environmental activism, food culture, health and fitness, and other serious and necessary contemporary work with traditional ceremonies, helping to restore and reclaim their own heritage while helping people regain physical and mental health. These stories are incredibly inspiring. They're also especially exciting to me because I'm aware of similar efforts taking place where I live. Indigenous people continue to rediscover their heritage and to fold that rediscovery into reinvention. If you read this book, even if you lose track in some of the middle-distance, don't miss the stories at the end.
The Heartbeat of Wounded Knee is and does many things, so if a reader finds some parts more engaging than others, that's to be expected. I loved the first part of the book, the Howard Zinn-style myth-busting. Parts of the more modern history, such as some of the American Indian Movement stories, I would have liked less detail, and gave those parts a light read. When the narrative catches up with the present, I once again found it fascinating and riveting. If, like me, you find some parts too detailed, I encourage you to skim and stay with the book. It's well worth your time.
I heartily endorse these pullquotes from published reviews:
"In a marvel of research and storytelling, an Ojibwe writer traces the dawning of a new resistance movement born of deep pride and a reverence for tradition. Treuer's chronicle of rebellion and resilience is a manifesto and rallying cry." — O, The Oprah Magazine
"Part of the magic of this book stems from Treuer's ability to move seamlessly back and forth from the Big Indian Story to the voices of living Indians explaining to us, and to themselves, what it means to be Indian, American, and both at the same time. . . . open[ing] a window on the contemporary Indian world, in its dazzling variety, and infus[ing] the book with a kind of vividness and punch rarely found in narrative histories. . . . It's hard to imagine there will be a better, more compelling look at Indian country than this one anytime soon." — The Daily Beast
"A gripping medley of academic rigor, reporting and memoir, Treuer's fascinating and unconventional account of Native American history burns with a passionate sense of resiliency." — Washington Post
Posted by laura k at 7/18/2021 12:47:00 PM
Labels: history, indigenous peoples, what i'm reading
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VIENTIANE : The Bangkok-Vientiane air route is witnessing a growing contest as Bangkok Airways started operating in the sector for which Laotian authorities are reluctant to grant traffic rights to international carriers.
The Thai carrier became the fourth airline to serve the city-pairs, fuelling competition in the marketplace already present by Thai Airways International, state-owned Lao Airlines and privately owned Lao Central Airlines.
Bangkok Airways commenced a daily service between the two capitals on Nov 30, using Airbus 319, a single-aisle jet configured with 12 seats in the business class and 108 seats in the economy.
The route has shown promising traffic potential as Laos has begun to open its doors for foreign investors, businessmen and tourists, many of whom enter Laos from Bangkok, the region's largest air hub.
The so-called open-door policy came ahead of the implementation of the Asean Economic Community (AEC) in 2016.
It took more than a year for Bangkok Airways to receive the traffic right because Laotian officials were wary of granting new licences to foreign carriers for fear of hurting state-owned airlines, according to industry executives.
Bangkok-Vientiane is perceived as a major international trunk route both for Lao Airlines and Lao Central Airlines, a new player in the fledgling industry.
Laotian authorities have been reluctant for years to grant Thai AirAsia, a unit of Asia's largest low-cost carrier, the permission to operate on the route.
Thai AirAsia's low-fare and aggressive strategies have been perceived as a threat to Laos' own airlines which are attempting to establish themselves with the acquisition of more aircraft and network expansion, industry executives said.
A normal average round-trip fare between Bangkok and Vientiane charged by current operators is around 12,000 baht. The flight takes about one hour.
While Wattay International Airport in Vientiane remained shut for Thai AirAsia, the no-frills carrier has been using the Thai Northeastern city of Udon Thani across the Mekong River as an entry point to the sleepy Laotian capital.
On the Bangkok-Vientiane sector, Lao Airlines offer two daily flights with A320 jet, Lao Central Airlines with a daily flight on Boeing 737-400, and Thai Airways with two flights a day with B737-400.
Bangkok Airways' access to Vientiane was due partly to the fact that the airline has been operating between Bangkok and Luang Prabang, the former Laotian royal capital and a Unesco World Heritage Site, since October 2002.
Bangkok Airways president Puttipong Prasarttong-Osoth said the service would enhance the airline's flight connections in Asean.
The launch supports its strategy to become a regional airline of choice and to serve the growing air transport demand between Thailand and Laos after the AEC is formed, he added.
The airline expects more than 60% in seat factor on the route, compared to 68% on its Bangkok-Luang Prabang route, operated by ATR-72 turboprops.
It targets a mix of corporate and leisure passengers on the new service, mainly international travellers on connecting flights from medium- and long-haul routes particularly from its code-share and partner airlines.
"We expect our airline partners to feed a lot of passenger traffic to our Vientiane route," noted Nandhika Varavarn, Bangkok Airways' corporate communication vice-president.
Bangkok Airways has 10 code-share partners including Etihad, SilkAir, Malaysia Airlines, Air France, KLM, EVA Air and, more recently, Japan Airlines.
If demand warrants it, the airline may ramp up its Bangkok-Vientiane frequencies to 10 flights a week, she added.


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Jane Kaczmarek Net Worth
in Richest Celebrities › Actors
Jane Kaczmarek Net Worth:
What Is Jane Kaczmarek's Net Worth and Salary?
Jane Kaczmarek is an American actress who has a net worth of $9 million. Kaczmarek is best known for her Emmy-nominated performance as Lois on the Fox sitcom "Malcolm in the Middle" (2000–2006). Jane has more than 70 acting credits to her name, including the films "Falling in Love" (1984) and "Pleasantville" (1998) and the television series "The Paper Chase" (1983–1984), "Hill Street Blues" (1984), "Hometown" (1985), "Equal Justice" (1990–1991), and "Raising the Bar" (2008–2009).
She has voiced Judge Constance Harm on "The Simpsons" (2001–2010) and Red Jessica on "Jake and the Never Land Pirates" (2012–2015), and she has also lent her voice to "Phineas and Ferb" (2014), "Penn Zero: Part-Time Hero" (2015), "Animals." (2018), and "Trolls: The Beat Goes On!" (2019). Kaczmarek has appeared in numerous stage productions, and she made her Broadway debut as Bella in Neil Simon's "Lost in Yonkers" in 1991.
Jane Kaczmarek was born Jane Frances Kaczmarek on December 21, 1955, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Her mother, Evelyn, was a teacher, and her father, Edward, worked for the United States Department of Defense. Jane grew up in a Roman Catholic household with sister Mary and brothers Bill and Jim. Kaczmarek majored in theatre at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, where she became friends with future Emmy-winner Tony Shalhoub. After graduating from UW–Madison, Jane earned a Master of Fine Arts from the Yale School of Drama, where she was a member of the Yale Repertory Company.
Kaczmarek made her television debut in the 1982 TV movie "For Lovers Only." In 1983, she had a recurring role as Sandy Burns on "St. Elsewhere," guest-starred on "Remington Steele" and "Scarecrow and Mrs. King," and appeared in the film "Uncommon Valor." From 1983 to 1984, Jane played Connie Lehman on the drama "The Paper Chase," and in 1984, she had a recurring role as Officer Clara Pilksy on "Hill Street Blues, appeared in the film "Door to Door," and co-starred with Robert De Niro and Meryl Streep in "Falling in Love."
She starred as Mary Newell Abbott on the 1985 CBS series "Hometown," and that year she also appeared in the romantic comedy "The Heavenly Kid." Kaczmarek then starred in the TV movies "The Right of the People" (1986), "The Christmas Gift" (1986), "I'll Take Manhattan" (1987), "The Three Kings" (1987), and "Spooner" (1989) and the films "D.O.A" (1988), "Vice Versa" (1988), and "All's Fair" (1989). From 1990 to 1991, Jane played Linda Bauer on the ABC legal drama "Equal Justice," then she guest-starred on "Monty" (1994), "Law & Order" (1994), "L.A. Law" (1994), "Picket Fences" (1995), "Touched by an Angel" (1996), "Frasier" (1996–1997), and "The Practice" (1997).
She had recurring roles as Karen Fisher on "Big Wave Dave's" (1993), Helene Thompson on "Party of Five" (1995–1999), Holly on "Cybill" (1996–1997), and Carol Anderson on "Felicity" (1999), appeared in the films "The Chamber" (1996) and "Wildly Available" (1996), and co-starred with Tobey Maguire, Reese Witherspoon, Jeff Daniels, and William H. Macy in 1998's "Pleasantville."
(Photo by Rachel Luna/Getty Images)
From 2000 to 2006, Kaczmarek played Lois on "Malcolm in the Middle" alongside Bryan Cranston, Frankie Muniz, Christopher Masterson, Justin Berfield, and Erik Per Sullivan. The series aired 151 episodes over seven seasons, and Jane's performance led "TV Guide" to describe her as a "true breakout; a female Homer Simpson." She reprised her role in an alternate ending featurette on the "Breaking Bad: The Complete Series" DVD box set in 2013, in which the plot of "Breaking Bad" turns out to be a nightmare that Bryan Cranston's "Malcolm in the Middle" character, Hal, was having. From 2006 to 2007, Kaczmarek played Anne Hoffman on ABC's "Help Me Help You," then she starred as Judge Trudy Kessler on the TNT legal drama "Raising the Bar" from 2008 to 2009. She guest-starred on "Wilfred" (2011), "Whitney" (2011–2012), "The Middle" (2012–2013), "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" (2013), "The McCarthys" (2015), "The Big Bang Theory" (2015), "This Is Us" (2018), "Carol's Second Act" (2019), and "Mixed-ish" (2020), and from 2014 to 2017, she had a recurring role as Gwen Crawford on the USA Network's "Playing House." Jane appeared in the films "The Boat Builder" (2015), "Wolves at the Door" (2016), "CHiPs" (2017), "6 Balloons" (2018), and "Killing Eleanor" (2020), and in 2021, she was featured in the TV series documentary "History of the Sitcom."
Jane married actor Bradley Whitford, a fellow Wisconsin native, on August 15, 1992, and they welcomed daughter Frances in January 1997, followed by son George in December 1999 and daughter Mary in November 2002.
Kaczmarek and Whitford co-founded the charitable organization Clothes off our Back in 2002; the charity auctioned off clothing that celebrities wore to award shows and donated the proceeds to children's charities.
Jane and Bradley divorced in October 2010.
In 2004, Kaczmarek had a hip replacement as a result of chronic arthritis. The following year, an X-ray of her new hip was featured in her Emmy campaign, with Jane touting herself as "the only Emmy nominee with an artificial hip (except for Anthony LaPaglia)."
From 2000 to 2006, Kaczmarek earned seven consecutive Primetime Emmy nominations for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for "Malcolm in the Middle," and she received Golden Globe nominations for Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Series – Comedy or Musical in 2001, 2002, and 2003. The series also earned her an American Comedy Award, a Family Television Award, two Online Film & Television Association Awards, a Satellite Award, and two Television Critics Association Awards as well as nominations from the AFI Awards, Screen Actors Guild Awards, Teen Choice Awards, and Viewers for Quality Television Awards. Jane also received a Gold Derby Award nomination for Comedy Lead Actress of the Decade in 2010, and she shared a Young Artist Award for Most Popular Mom & Pop in a Television Series with Bryan Cranston in 2004. In 1983, Kaczmarek earned a CableACE Award nomination for Actress in a Dramatic Presentation for "The Paper Chase," and Jane and her "Jake and the Never Land Pirates" co-stars received a Behind the Voice Actors Award nomination for Best Vocal Ensemble in a Television Series – Children's/Educational in 2014. For her stage work, Kaczmarek earned an Ovation Award nomination for Lead Actress in a Play for "Good People" in 2012.
In 2004, Kaczmarek and Whitford paid $5.9 million for a 6,769 square foot home in the San Marino area of Los Angeles. After filing for divorce, they put the six-bedroom, six-bathroom home on the market for $6.7 million.
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Height: 5 ft 6 in (1.689 m)
Profession: Actor, Voice Actor
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Matt Drudge and Ann Coulter took to Twitter on Friday after President Trump "begrudgingly" signed the $1.3 trillion omnibus spending package - after threatening to veto it hours earlier over the "800,000 DACA recipients" which Trump said were "totally abandoned by the Democrats," and the lack of funding for the "BORDER WALL."
Trump spent around 30 minutes on Friday doing his best to convince his base that, gosh dangit, he was "forced" to sign the bill in order to fully fund the military.
In response to Trump bemoaning the legislation, claiming "I will never sign a bill like this again," pundit and author Ann Coulter - a harsh critic of Trump whenever he strays from campaign promises, tweeted "Yeah, because you'll be impeached."
Coulter then tweeted "CONGRATULATIONS, PRESIDENT SCHUMER!"
Of note, House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) and Senator Chuck Schumer (D-NY) declared the spending bill rushed through by Republicans a "victory."
"The distinguished leader has clearly put forth many of the priorities that we're very proud of in a bill that's one yard high," said Pelosi of House Speaker Paul Ryan at a joint press conference on Thursday.
Matt Drudge, meanwhile, loved his site The Drudge Report's headline "Fake Veto" so much that he tweeted out a screenshot! "Fake Veto," of course, is a mockery of Trump's co-opted catch phrase "Fake News" following Trump's earlier tweet pretending to be on the fence.
We must stick together and not give up!
President Trump signs the monstrosity omnibus spending bill.
He says he didn't know what was in it.
What a horrible waste of OUR money funding Planned Parenthood, Sanctuary Cities, Obamacare, & Democratic pet interests.
Lol is anyone gonna go out to vote Republican in November?
Translation; Trump got steamrolled and the base is furious.