Preoccupations is a Canadian post-punk band from Calgary, Alberta, formed in 2012 under the name Viet Cong. The band consists of Matt Flegel (vocals, bass), Scott Munro (guitar, synth), Daniel Christiansen (guitar) and Mike Wallace (drums).
The band frequently faced controversy over their original name [Viet Cong], and on April 21, 2016, Flegel announced the band would henceforth be performing and recording under the name "Preoccupations".
The group's musical style has been described as "labyrinthine post-punk".


text:
Plans for construction in Israeli Settlements in the West Bank are vigorously flourishing in 2007
Israeli sources revealed the construction in Israeli settlements in the occupied Palestinian territory are to continue under any circumstances. On June 7, 2007, the Israeli Radio announced the construction of 100 new housing units in several Israeli settlements in different areas of the West Bank; The construction included 20 housing units in Karnei Shomron settlement in Qalqilyah Governorate, 30 housing units in Alon Settlement in Jerusalem Governorate and 38 housing units and 12 housing units in revava and Yakir settlements respectively, both located in Salfit Governorate.
Amana, the executive arm of Gush Emunim Settlement movement, are to carry out the construct work. It is a political Israeli movement, established following Israel's occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip in 1967, specifically for such purposes, to help pin the Israeli settlements in the occupied territory. Amana is considered the largest organization which encouraged the construction of Israeli settlements in the West Bank. Table 1 below lists some of the Israeli settlements that were established by Amana movement
Settlement Name
Kiryat Arba'
Elon Moreh
Ma'ale Adumim
Kedumim
ARIJ Database – 2007
The following is a brief description of each of the settlements that were granted approval for more housing units' construction
1- Karnei Shomron Settlement – (Kedumim 'Finger' settlements Bloc)
The settlement of Karnei Shomron is located about 12 km away from the 1949 Armistice Line (Green Line) and about 12 km east of Qalqilyah city. It was established in 1978, on lands originally confiscated from the surrounding Palestinian villages, Hajja, Kafr Laqif, Jinsafut and Deir Istiya. Today the settlement occupies a total land area of 1024 dunums and houses 6300 Israeli settlers. See Map 1: location of Karne Shomron Settlement.
Alon Settlement – (Ma'ale Adumim settlements Bloc)
Alon settlement is located about 13 km northeast of Jerusalem city. It was established in 1990, on lands that were confiscated from 'Anata town northeast of the city. Today, the settlement sets on an area of 295 dunums and accommodates more than 520 Israeli settlers. See map 2: location map of Allon Settlement
Yakir settlements (Kedumim 'Finger' settlements' Bloc)
The Israeli Yakir settlement is located about12 km away from the 1949 Armistice line (Green Line) and about 9.5 km northwest of Salfit city. It is established on Palestinian lands confiscated from Deir Istiya village (northwest of the city) in 1981. The settlement occupies an area of 701dunums and houses 1000 Israeli settlers.
Revava Settlement (Ariel 'Finger: settlements' Bloc)
Revava settlement is located about 13 km away from the 1949 Armistice line (Green Line) and about 6 km northwest of Salfit city. It was established on lands confiscated from Deir Istiya and Haris villages (northwest) in 1991. Today, the settlement sets on an area of 399 dunums and accommodates just over 830 Israeli settlers. See Map 3 & 4
Map 3: Location Map of Revava & Yakir settlement
Previous Israeli Tenders and Plans since the beginning of year 2007
As of 2007, several Israeli tenders and plans were issued to either add new housing units to Israeli settlements in the West Bank or to construct new neighborhoods containing huge number of housing units. The following is a detailed description of the Israeli Plans during the aforementioned period
Amid January, 2007, the Israeli Ministry of Construction and Housing released a Tender to construct 1044 new housing units in two settlements in the West Bank, 44 housing units in the settlement of Ma'ale Adumim, located northeast of Jerusalem and 1000 housing units in the settlement of Har Homa, located on the southeastern edge to the city of Jerusalem. The 1,000 new housing units fall within the settlement's master plan.
On February 28, 2007, the Israeli Ministry of Housing and Construction submitted a plan to establish of a new Jewish neighborhood comprising of 11000 housing units in north of Jerusalem in Atarot area. The new neighborhood will be linked with the Illegal Israeli Settlements of Kochav Yacov and Bet-IL (located to the northeast and north of the planned neighborhood) through an under road tunnel located at the northeast.
On May 10, 2007, the Jerusalem's Planning and Construction Committee has approved a plan to build some 20,000 housing units in Giv'at Yael Settlement to be a home for more than 55,000 Israeli settlers. It will also close off the settlements' line barrier across the northern parts of Bethlehem starting at Har Homa; east of Bethlehem to Giv'at Hamatos and Gilo north of Bethlehem then to Har Gilo, west of Bethlehem where the link is completed with the planned 'Giv'at Yael' settlement. After which the settlement ring continues southward to with 'Gush Etzion settlements bloc in the southwestern part of Bethlehem Governorate.
During the fourth quarter of June 2007, the Israeli 'Regional Council of Tmar' and the "Israel Land Department" revealed a new colonial plan called "Nafeh Zohar "to build 140 new housing units in settlements adjacent to the shores of the Dead Sea. The plan includes the building four models of housing units (cottages and parks), on a land its area ranging from 250-500 square meters, including two to three external cabins for commercial and tourism purposes.
The Israeli settlement expansion program continues …!
In an analysis conducted by the Applied Research Institute – Jerusalem (ARIJ) revealed that during the years of 2001 and 2007, dozens of tenders were issued by different Israeli Ministries, mostly Housing and Construction and Jerusalem Municipality to construct thousands of housing units in many Israeli settlements in the West Bank, as shown in Graph 1 below
The addition of housing units reflects the Israeli Government's direct concession to the Israeli settlement expansionist program, which aims to strengthen the existence of these settlements in the West Bank and to put the Palestinians' vision to establish a state of their own to an end.
Israel's Settlement Program in International Law
Settlement construction and expansion in light of the United Nations Security Council resolutions, international laws, human rights and international covenants Israel's colonization activities in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT) violates numerous United Nations Security Council and General Assembly Resolutions, primarily:
UN Security Council Resolution 242 (1967): UNSCR Resolution 242 calls for 'the withdrawal of all Israeli armed forces from territories occupied' in the 1967 war.
UNSC 242 effectively outlaws Israel's 38 year occupation of the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and the Gaza Strip.
The principles of Resolution 242 are reiterated again in Security Council Resolution 452 (1979) which calls upon 'the Government and people of Israel to cease, on an urgent basis, the establishment, construction and planning of settlements in the Arab territories occupied since 1967, including Jerusalem,' the Security Council Resolution 446 (1979) which '[d]etermines that the policy and practices of Israel in establishing settlements in the Palestinian and other Arab territories occupied since 1967 have no legal validity and constitute a serious obstruction to achieving a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in the Middle East' and a further time in Security Council Resolution 465 (1980).
Israel's settlement policy stands as an explicit violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention and is widely condoned by the international community. In addition to violating almost all the articles within the international law among other; as to destruction of civilian property, Israel's program of populating the settlements with Jewish citizens violates Article 49 of the Geneva Convention, which states that 'the occupying power shall not deport or transfer parts of its own population into the territories it occupies.'
The Applied Research Institute – Jerusalem
Categories: Settlement Expansion
الاحتلال الاسرائيلي يجري حفريات واسعة في منطقة دير سمعان الأثرية لصالح الاستيطان
الإدارة المدنية الإسرائيلية تقرر تغير معالم 600 دونم من أراضي قرية جالود وبلدة ترمسعيا تمهيداً لإقامة مدينة شيلو الكبرى
Israeli occupation authorities to establish a cemetery on confiscated lands from Salfit governorate
Israeli Colonization Continues Unhindered
" Legalizing the Illegal "
Israeli to legalize four Israeli outposts in the Occupied Palestinian Territory
Israel persist on coercing realities on Palestinians and the Road Map
سلطات الاحتلال الاسرائيلي بصدد مصادرة 138 دونما من أراضي قرية حارس في محافظة سلفيت
The West Bank colony of Maskiyyot is going under expansion

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
News > News Archive > New marine sanctuary adds protections for historic Lake Michigan shipwrecks
New marine sanctuary adds protections for historic Lake Michigan shipwrecks
Story contributed by Amiah A. Henry, Research Associate, National Sea Grant Law Center
In late June, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) designated Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary (WSCNMS or sanctuary) in the fresh, cold waters of Lake Michigan. Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary Designation; Final Regulations, 86 Fed. Reg. 32,737 (to be codified at 15 C.F.R pt. 922). Following a review by Congress and the governor of Wisconsin, the designation will become effective in the first weeks of August, at which time NOAA will publish an announcement in the Federal Register. It will be the 15th national sanctuary and only the second in freshwater.
Authorized by the National Marine Sanctuaries Act, the secretary of the U.S. Department of Commerce designates and protects sanctuaries of special significance for many reasons, including for their conservation, recreational, historical and educational qualities. The National Marine Sanctuaries Act aims to protect a sanctuary's biological and cultural resources such as historic shipwrecks and archaeological sites. The secretary has delegated sanctuary management to NOAA. The Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast NMS, which is located in state waters adjacent to Ozaukee, Sheboygan, Manitowoc and Kewaunee counties, will be co-managed by the state of Wisconsin and NOAA.
"The new sanctuary brings well-deserved focus to the history and resources of this part of the Great Lakes. I am looking forward to new opportunities to work with another NOAA group on future education and outreach programs," said Titus Seilheimer, a Wisconsin Sea Grant outreach specialist based in Manitowoc. For more than seven years, Seilheimer has coordinated sanctuary siting efforts with community leaders.
Fisheries Outreach Specialist Titus Seilheimer is gratified that seven years of collaborative planning for a new sanctuary has paid off. (Photo: Wisconsin Sea Grant)
Encompassing more than 22,000 square miles, Lake Michigan is the second largest of the five Great Lakes. The lake's water, and its fresh, cold temperatures are credited for playing a significant role in preserving 36 known shipwrecks and approximately 59 suspected shipwrecks with exceptional historical, archeological and recreational artifacts. The sanctuary has partnered with other groups to create web-accessible detailed maps of the lakebed, with potential for discovery of other wrecks. The documented ships wrecked within the 962 square miles of waters and submerged land of the WSCNMS, date back to as early as the 1800s. They represent a part of history during the 19th and 20th centuries, when vessels of the like sailed and steamed west throughout Lake Michigan carrying goods, raw materials, and people. Wisconsinshipwrecks.org has details on Lake Michigan wrecks, along with those in Lake Superior and inland waters. There is also information other maritime attractions.
One of the more notable wrecks in the sanctuary lies 165 feet below the surface. Sitting fully intact and upright on the lakebed is the Walter B. Allen, a 136-foot long boxy-hulled "canaller," which sailed from 1866-1880. Walter B. Allen is a wooden schooner, which was used to transport grain and coal between New York and Chicago. Historically, canallers, like the Walter B. Allen, were constructed specifically to fit perfectly through the Welland Canal Locks and are unique to the Great Lakes.
Sea Grant funding allowed for the 3-D imaging of the Walter B. Allen by partners at the Wisconsin Historical Society. (Photo: Tamara Thomsen, Wisconsin Historical Society)
The preservation of the wrecks within the sanctuary extends beyond just the ships, as even the cargo remains intact. Among these preserved artifacts are locally produced goods, Christmas trees, general merchandise, a submerged aircraft and even cars, including 264 Nash automobiles from 1929. The designation protects artifacts from potential loss and damage by anchors from dive boats, entanglement of fishing gear, poorly attached mooring lines and the moving of, theft, or looting of the sunken artifacts. There is also the ever-present threat from further invasive species being introduced to the lake waters. Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary Designation; Final Regulations, 86 Fed. Reg. at 32,738.
Shipwreck artifacts, such as a Christmas tree (visible in the lower left), also tell the story of final Great Lakes' voyages. (Photo: Tamara Thomsen, Wisconsin Historical Society)
The designation plans for the sanctuary are geared toward ensuring that it not only continues to exist, but also engages the community. For instance, the sanctuary is expected to boost the local economy. Some supporters have said it will attract 70,000 tourists from around the region, nation and globe each year and bringing in an estimated $10 million.
Additionally, in response to community concerns, NOAA will establish a Sanctuary Advisory Council comprising a diverse group of community leaders to provide advice on management and protection. With an incredible and rich maritime story, the sanctuary will provide communities a platform for heritage tourism as they educate and organize around an underwater museum.
A mooring program is being instituted to create a balance between public access and resource protection. This is expected to take two years and at that time a prohibition on anchoring into shipwreck sites goes into effect.
After several years of relying on state laws and Lake Michigan's fresh cold waters as protection, the artifacts that lay on the lakebed will now enjoy more collaborative protections to help them survive for posterity. With history buffs and adventure seekers alike soon able to safely participate in regulated exploration and discoveries within her waters, the future of the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary and all that she has to discover is bright.
Moira Harrington
We've got fleas!
Allie Pesano: On a treasure hunt for birds
Water equity podcast wins two national awards


At places where one or a few Push- / Pull Units PTT3 have the task to manoeuvre or to move a lot of different heavy load trailers / machine chassis with load wheels, it is very important that coupling / uncoupling of the trailers / chassis can be done quickly.
By this reason the Push- / Pull Unit PTT3 is available with a very stable mechanical quick coupling, which is operated by the hydraulic cylinder of the Push- / Pull Unit PTT3.
When coupling the Push- / Pull Unit PTT3 to the load trailers, in the moment of using the lifting cylinder of the PTT3 first locks the mechanical coupling. After that the trailer is lifted up at his front end. This makes a very safe and quick connection between the Push- / Pull Unit PTT3 and the heavy load trailer and thereby creates a 3-wheeled heavy load transport cart with high pulling force and extreme manoeuvrability. For steering of this cart-combination a servo-steering is not needed. .
For maximum transport weights of more than 20 tons we do recommend the use of the optionally available reinforced version of the quick coupling.
Do you regard the extreme flexibility of an inhouse transportation system, consisting of Push- / Pull Unit PTT3 with hydraulically operated quick coupling and customer-specific heavy load trailer, also for your company as logistically advantageous? Then please do contact us. We would like to consult you.


text:
A exploração de Mercúrio tem ocupado um papel menor no interesse espacial, sendo o planeta menos explorado do sistema solar. Assim como em 2008, as missões espaciais da Mariner 10 e MESSENGER tem sido apenas para fazer observações mais próximas do planeta.

A MESSENGER realizou um sobrevoo em 14 de janeiro de 2008 para investigar observações feitas pela Mariner 10 em 1975. Uma terceira missão com destino a Mercúrio, a BepiColombo incluirá duas sondas espaciais sendo uma missão conjunta entre a Agência Espacial Europeia e a JAXA. Os dados coletados pelas sondas MESSENGER e BepiColombo tem a intenção de coletar informações complementares para ajudar os cientistas a entender muitos dos mistérios descobertos pelos sobrevoos da sonda Mariner 10.

Interesse em Mercúrio

Mercúrio não tem sido o foco primário de programas espaciais porque tem muito pouco a oferecer. Uma vez que é o planeta mais próximo do Sol e sua velocidade de rotação é muito lenta a temperatura da superfície varia de 427 °C (801 °F) a -173 °C (-279 °F). Existe a discussão da possibilidade de terraformação do planeta e habitação dos seus polos, entretanto esta possibilidade está muito no futuro, sendo significantemente menos prática do que a terraformação do planeta Marte. O interesse atual em Mercúrio decorre das observações inesperadas da sonda Mariner 10. Antes da sonda, imaginava-se que o planeta simplesmente revolucionava em torno do Sol numa órbita altamente elíptica.

Dificuldades técnicas

Alcançar Mercúrio a partir da Terra apresenta desafios técnicos significantes, uma vez que a órbita do planeta é mais próxima do Sol do que a terrestres. Uma espaçonave lançada da Terra precisaria viajar por 91 milhões de quilômetros adentrando ao poço de potencial gravitacional do Sol e a velocidade orbital mercuriana é de 48 km/s enquanto a terrestre é de 30 km/s. Portanto, uma espaçonave precisa realizar uma grande mudança em sua velocidade delta-v para entrar na órbita de transferência de Hohmann que passa perto de Mercúrio, comparada com a velocidade delta-v necessária para outras missões planetárias.

A energia potencial liberada pelo movimento em direção ao poço de potencial solar torna-se energia cinética, exigindo outra grande alteração no delta-v para fazer qualquer coisa diferente de passar rapidamente direto por Mercúrio. Para pousar com segurança ou entrar em órbita estável a espaçonave deve contar com motores de foguetes. A aerofrenagem está fora de cogitação por causa da tênue atmosfera, além disso uma viagem para Mercúrio exige mais combustível do que para escapar completamente do sistema solar. Como resultado, apenas duas sondas espaciais foram enviadas ao planeta até o momento. Uma alternativa de aproximação proposta seria a utilização de velas solares para atingir uma órbita sincronizada à mercuriana ao redor do Sol.

Mariner 10

A primeira espaçonave a visitar mercúrio foi a sonda Mariner 10 da NASA (1974–75). e utilizou a força da gravidade de Vênus para ajustar sua velocidade orbital para que pudesse se aproximar de Mercúrio, tornado-se a primeira nave espacial a utilizar o efeito da gravidade assistida e a realizar uma missão de visita a múltiplos planetas. A sonda forneceu as primeiras imagens aproximadas da superfície mercuriana, que imediatamente mostraram sua natureza  repleta de crateras, e revelou muitos outros tipos de características geológicas, tais como declives gigantes que foram posteriormente atribuídos ao efeito do planeta vagarosamente encolhendo em função do núcleo de ferro resfriando. Infelizmente, devido ao comprimento do período orbital da Mariner 10, a mesma face do planeta estava iluminada a cada aproximação da sonda tornando impossível a observação de ambos os lados do planeta e resultando num mapeamento de menos de 45% da superfície planetária.

No dia 27 de março de 1974, dois dias antes do primeiro sobrevoo sobre Mercúrio, os instrumentos da sonda começaram a registrar grandes quantidades de uma inesperada radiação ultravioleta próximo a Mercúrio. Isto levou a tentativa de identificação de um satélite mercuriano. Pouco depois, a fonte de radiação foi identificada com a estrela 31 da Constelação de Crater e a possível lua mercuriana passou para os livros da história da astronomia como uma nota de rodapé.

A sonda realizou três aproximações de Mercúrio, e a mais próxima passou a uma distância de 327 km da superfície. Na primeira aproximação, os instrumentos detectaram um campo magnético, para a surpresa geral dos geólogos planetários – esperava-se que a rotação mercuriana fosse muito lenta para gerar um efeito dínamo significante. A segunda aproximação foi utilizada primariamente para obtenção de imagens e a terceira para uma extensiva coleta de dados sobre o campo magnético. Os dados revelaram que o campo magnético é semelhante ao terrestre, defletindo o vento solar em torno do planeta. Entretanto, a origem do campo magnético mercuriano ainda é matéria de muitas teorias.

Poucos dias após sua aproximação final, a sonda esgotou seu combustível e não pode mais ser controlada com precisão, quando então os controladores da missão instruíram então que a sonda se auto-desligasse em 24 de março de 1975. A sonda provavelmente ainda está orbitando o Sol, passando próximo ao planeta com um frequência de poucos meses.

MESSENGER

Uma segunda missão da NASA para Mercúrio, nomeada MESSENGER (acrônimo de ) foi lançada em 3 de agosto de 2004 do Cabo Canaveral a bordo do foguete Delta II, fazendo um sobrevoo na Terra em agosto de 2005, e em Vênus em outubro de 2006 e junho de 2007 de modo a estabelecer uma trajetória correta para alcançar a órbita mercuriana. O primeiro sobrevoo em Mercúrio aconteceu no dia 14 de janeiro de 2008 e um segundo em 6 de outubro de 2008, e um terceiro em 29 de setembro de 2009. A maior parte da superfície não fotografada pela sonda anterior, tem sido mapeada durante estes sobrevoos e em março de 2011 a sonda provavelmente entrará em órbita em torno do planeta tendo a missão de mapeamento a duração de 1 ano terrestre.

A missão foi projetada para esclarecer seis pontos chaves: A alta densidade mercuriana, sua história geológica, a natureza de seu campo magnético, a estrutura de seu núcleo, e a existência ou não de gelo em seus pólos e de onde vem sua tênue atmosfera. Para cumprir esta missão, a sonda está equipada com dispositivos fotográficos que irão coletar imagens com resolução muito maior de muito mais áreas do que a Mariner 10, espectrômetros variados para determinar a abundância dos elementos na crosta, magnetómetros e dispositivos para medição da velocidade de partículas carregadas. Medições detalhadas de pequenas mudanças na velocidade da sonda e sua órbita serão utilizadas para inferir detalhes sobre a estrutura do interior do planeta.

BepiColombo

A Agência Espacial Europeia está planejando uma missão conjunta com o Japão chamada BepiColombo, que irá orbitar mercúrio com duas sondas: uma para mapear o planeta e outra para estudar sua magnetosfera. Uma vez lançada, estima-se que a espaçonave alcançará Mercúrio em 2019. A espaçonave irá liberar uma sonda magnetométrica em um órbita eliptica, e então foguetes químicos irão queimar para colocar a sonda mapeadora em uma órbita circular. Ambas as sondas irão operar por um ano terreste. A sonda mapeadora irá carregar uma matriz de espectômetros semelhantes ao da MESSENGER, que irão estudar o planeta em vários comprimentos de onda incluindo infravermelho, ultravioleta, raio-x e radiação gama.

Mercúrio (planeta)

lv:Merkura izpēte

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


COMMENTS: This outstanding design by Jim Gooch was my Exchange Puzzle at IPP 25 in Helsinki, Finland. It was very well recieved and remains one of my favorite designs ever!
The goal of the puzzle is to take the three identical pieces apart and put them back together. Disassembly is very tricky, and I have recieved comments by people speculating that it is really an impossible object. It is not; a solution does exist and after that you have the fun of re-assembly, which is every bit as difficult as disassembly!
Each puzzle is finely handcrafted of solid Black Walnut and your choice of various exotic and fine domestic hardwood.


text:
package com.sksamuel.jqm4gwt.layout;

import com.google.gwt.dom.client.Element;
import com.google.gwt.event.logical.shared.HasAttachHandlers;
import com.google.gwt.event.shared.EventHandler;
import com.google.gwt.event.shared.GwtEvent;

public class JQMCollapsibleEvent extends GwtEvent<JQMCollapsibleEvent.Handler> {

    public interface Handler extends EventHandler {
        void onCollapse(JQMCollapsibleEvent event);
        void onExpand(JQMCollapsibleEvent event);
    }

    public static class DefaultHandler implements Handler {

        @Override
        public void onCollapse(JQMCollapsibleEvent event) {
        }

        @Override
        public void onExpand(JQMCollapsibleEvent event) {
        }
    }

    static Type<JQMCollapsibleEvent.Handler> TYPE;

    /**
     * Fires an {@link JQMCollapsibleEvent} on all registered handlers in the handler source.
     *
     * @param <S> The handler source type
     * @param source - the source of the handlers
     */
    public static <S extends HasAttachHandlers> void fire(S source, CollapsibleState collapsibleState,
                                                          Element eventTarget) {
        if (TYPE != null) {
            JQMCollapsibleEvent event = new JQMCollapsibleEvent(collapsibleState, eventTarget);
            source.fireEvent(event);
        }
    }

    public static Type<JQMCollapsibleEvent.Handler> getType() {
        if (TYPE == null) {
            TYPE = new Type<JQMCollapsibleEvent.Handler>();
        }
        return TYPE;
    }

    public enum CollapsibleState { COLLAPSED, EXPANDED }

    private final CollapsibleState collapsibleState;

    private final Element initiatedBy;

    protected JQMCollapsibleEvent(CollapsibleState collapsibleState, Element eventTarget) {
        this.initiatedBy = eventTarget;
        this.collapsibleState = collapsibleState;
    }

    public CollapsibleState getCollapsibleState() {
        return collapsibleState;
    }

    /**
     * @return - useful in case of nested collapsibles, because event is bubbling up to parent collapsibles
     */
    public Element getInitiatedBy() {
        return initiatedBy;
    }

    /**
     * @return - true if event was initiated by passed collapsible (useful in case of nested collapsibles,
     *           because event is bubbling up to parent collapsibles).
     */
    public boolean isInitiatedBy(JQMCollapsible collapsible) {
        if (collapsible == null) return false;
        return collapsible.getElement().equals(initiatedBy);
    }

    @Override
    public final Type<JQMCollapsibleEvent.Handler> getAssociatedType() {
        return TYPE;
    }

    @Override
    public String toDebugString() {
        assertLive();
        return super.toDebugString() + " collapsibleState = " + collapsibleState;
    }

    @Override
    protected void dispatch(JQMCollapsibleEvent.Handler handler) {
        switch (collapsibleState) {
            case COLLAPSED:
                handler.onCollapse(this);
                break;

            case EXPANDED:
                handler.onExpand(this);
                break;
        }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home/San Antonio Spurs News
Patty Mills' career year prompts hard decision for San Antonio Spurs
By Nicolas Kyle Pring
Dec 23, 2020; Memphis, Tennessee, USA; San Antonio Spurs guard Patty Mills (8) during the game at FedExForum. Mandatory Credit: Justin Ford-USA TODAY Sports /
At age 32, Patty Mills is having his best professional season in the NBA, fortifying an almost decade-long run of being one of the league's best bench catalysts and a San Antonio Spurs fan favorite.
Career years are normally celebrated in the NBA, especially when the one peaking is a role player. Booming contracts and spread-eagled interest across the association usually accompany such prowess in the hardwood, ensuring longevity and prosperity in the business-driven league.
True to his word in channeling "FIBA Patty" in San Antonio, the Aussie guard has so far recorded career-highs across the board to the tune of 13.3 points per game on 45/40/93 shooting splits, becoming a critical piece in charging the Silver and Black towards its rather surprising start.
So why is his peaking performance possibly a source of dilemma for the Spurs brass?
San Antonio has always been a franchise rooted in loyalty and continuity. From the Big Admiral to the Big Three and even to its treasured role players, the Spurs are known to stick to their guns while rewarding them handsomely.
However, this iteration of the Spurs figures to veer away from that Popovich-ian custom. A few years away from its last championship contention, San Antonio is verging on a complete rebuild centered around its young core, who continues to impress even with withdrawn opportunities. The key question is, what role does Patty have in that rebuild?
How does Patty Mills fit into the future of the San Antonio Spurs?
This is where the dilemma comes with Mills. While his play on the court this season has been nothing short of stable and galvanizing, the opportunity that he gets is only directed towards the short-term goal of winning games. "Bala" has won the Spurs games here and there thanks to his flamethrower shots off the bench, but if anything, this presents the front office with a quandary to which no easy answer can be found.
Mills will be an unrestricted free agent after this season. Given the customs of the Spurs PATFO, they are bound to reward him with another substantial contract as the on-court leader of the second unit. However, this presents two question marks that lie passively in his brilliance.
First, with the bevy of backcourt talents in the Alamo City, does he still have a resounding reason to stay instead of heading to a contender? Aside from their troika of guards in Derrick White, DeJounte Murray, and Lonnie Walker, not to mention their wings in Keldon Johnson and Devin Vassell, Popovich and co.'s recent draft decisions give them sufficient leeway to absorb a potential Mills departure.
His successor looks ready to assume a prominent role in the NBA already. Tre Jones has been lighting up the G-League and could be ready to take over as the leader of the bench as soon as next season. Quinndary Weatherspoon should be able to contribute sufficiently next season as well.
Second, Gregg Popovich will almost surely do everything in his power to keep corporate knowledge in-house. Mills easily has the most experience in the storied Spurs system. However, is the front office ready to trump the soaring offers that other teams may present to pry him away from San Antonio? They probably are, but in essence, they should not.
If Patty settles on a bargain and is willing to accept a player-coach role a la Udonis Haslem in Miami and play in short spurts when needed, then the Spurs should absolutely lock him up for a few more years.
But, if his impressive play garners the attention of contenders around the league looking to add another veteran ball-handler to their team, there is a price that the Spurs should be unwilling to pay. If a contending team is willing to pay Mills more than the Spurs while also giving him a chance to capture another title, it would be unfair to expect Mills to accept a pay cut to stay in the city he's called home for the last decade.
Next. Grading 3 potential trade partners for Rudy Gay
Patty Mills has been a quintessential Spur in his long tenure with the organization. Still, San Antonio Spurs fans need to prepare themselves for the possibility that Patty ends up playing for another team next season.


text:
https://profreg.medscape.com/px/getpracticeprofile.do?method=getProfessionalProfile&urlCache=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbWVkaWNpbmUubWVkc2NhcGUuY29tL2FydGljbGUvMTgwMjM0LWNsaW5pY2Fs
Drugs & Diseases > Gastroenterology
Peritonitis and Abdominal Sepsis Clinical Presentation
Author: Brian J Daley, MD, MBA, FACS, FCCP, CNSC; Chief Editor: Praveen K Roy, MD, AGAF more...
Peritonitis and Abdominal Sepsis
Sections Peritonitis and Abdominal Sepsis
CBC Count and Other Blood Studies
Stool Sample
Peritoneal Fluid Analysis
Bedside Reagent Strips
Nuclear Scanning
Contrast Studies
Hemodynamic Resuscitation
Antibiotic Therapy
Nonoperative Drainage
Long-term Monitoring
Penicillins
Carbapenems
Glycylcycline Antibiotic
The diagnosis of peritonitis is usually clinical. History should include recent abdominal surgery, previous episodes of peritonitis, travel history, use of immunosuppressive agents, and the presence of diseases (eg, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, peptic ulcer disease) that may predispose to intra-abdominal infections.
A broad range of signs and symptoms are seen in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). A high index of suspicion must be maintained when caring for patients with ascites, particularly those with acute clinical deterioration. As many as 30% of patients are completely asymptomatic. Manifestations of SBP may include the following:
Fever and chills (as many as 80% of patients)
Abdominal pain or discomfort (found in as many as 70% of patients)
Worsening or unexplained encephalopathy
Ascites that does not improve following administration of diuretic medication
Worsening or new-onset renal failure
Abdominal pain, which may be acute or insidious, is the usual chief complaint of patients with peritonitis. Initially, the pain may be dull and poorly localized (visceral peritoneum); often, it progresses to steady, severe, and more localized pain (parietal peritoneum). Abdominal pain may be exacerbated by any movement (eg, coughing, flexing the hips) and local pressure. If the underlying process is not contained, the pain becomes diffuse. In certain disease entities (eg, gastric perforation, severe acute pancreatitis, intestinal ischemia), the abdominal pain may be generalized from the beginning.
Abdominal distention may be noted, as well as signs of dysfunction of other organs. Symptoms may be subtle in patients on corticosteroids, in diabetic patients with advanced neuropathy, and in hospitalized patients, especially the very young and the very old. In the presence of ascites, decreased friction between the visceral and parietal peritoneal surfaces may reduce the symptoms of abdominal pain, as seen in patients with SBP.
Anorexia and nausea are frequent symptoms and may precede the development of abdominal pain. Vomiting may be due to underlying visceral organ pathology (ie, obstruction) or be secondary to peritoneal irritation.
On physical examination, patients with peritonitis generally appear unwell and in acute distress. Many of them have a temperature that exceeds 38° C, although patients with severe sepsis may become hypothermic. Tachycardia may be present, as a result of the release of inflammatory mediators, intravascular hypovolemia from anorexia, vomiting and fever, and third-space losses into the peritoneal cavity. With progressive dehydration, patients may become hypotensive (5-14% of patients), as well as oliguric or anuric; with severe peritonitis, they may present in overt septic shock.
When examining the abdomen of a patient with suspected peritonitis, the patient should be supine. A roll or pillows underneath the patient's knees may allow for better relaxation of the abdominal wall.
On abdominal examination, almost all patients demonstrate tenderness to palpation. In most patients—even those with generalized peritonitis and severe diffuse abdominal pain—the point of maximal tenderness or referred rebound tenderness roughly overlies the pathologic process (ie, the site of maximal peritoneal irritation).
Most patients demonstrate increased abdominal wall rigidity. The increase in abdominal wall muscular tone may be voluntary, in response to or in anticipation of the abdominal examination, or involuntary because of the peritoneal irritation. Patients with severe peritonitis often avoid all motion and keep their hips flexed to relieve the abdominal wall tension. The abdomen is often distended, with hypoactive-to-absent bowel sounds. This finding reflects a generalized ileus and may not be present if the infection is well localized. Occasionally, the abdominal examination reveals an inflammatory mass.
Signs of hepatic failure (eg, jaundice, angiomata) may be noted.
Rectal examination often elicits increased abdominal pain, particularly with inflammation of the pelvic organs, but rarely indicates a specific diagnosis. A tender inflammatory mass toward the right may indicate appendicitis, and anterior fullness and fluctuation may indicate a cul de sac abscess.
In female patients, vaginal and bimanual examination findings may be consistent with pelvic inflammatory disease (eg, endometritis, salpingo-oophoritis, tubo-ovarian abscess), but exam findings are often difficult to interpret in severe peritonitis.
A complete physical examination is important for excluding conditions whose presentation may resemble that of peritonitis. Thoracic processes with diaphragmatic irritation (eg, empyema), extraperitoneal processes (eg, pyelonephritis, cystitis, acute urinary retention), and abdominal wall processes (eg, infection, rectus hematoma) may mimic certain signs and symptoms of peritonitis. Always examine the patient for the presence of external hernias to rule out intestinal incarceration.
Remember that the presentation and the findings on clinical examination may be entirely inconclusive or unreliable in patients with significant immunosuppression (eg, severe diabetes, steroid use, posttransplant status, HIV infection), in patients with altered mental state (eg, head injury, toxic encephalopathy, septic shock, analgesic agents), in patients with paraplegia, and in patients of advanced age. With localized deep peritoneal infections, fever and/or an elevated WBC count may be the only signs present. As many as 20% of patients with SBP demonstrate very subtle signs and symptoms. New onset or deterioration of existing encephalopathy may be the only sign of the infection at the initial presentation. Most patients with tuberculous peritonitis demonstrate vague symptoms and may be afebrile.
Differential Diagnoses
Pavlidis TE. Cellular changes in association with defense mechanisms in intra-abdominal sepsis. Minerva Chir. 2003 Dec. 58(6):777-81. [Medline].
Appenrodt B, Grunhage F, Gentemann MG, Thyssen L, Sauerbruch T, Lammert F. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) variants are genetic risk factors for death and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2010 Apr. 51(4):1327-33. [Medline].
Barretti P, Montelli AC, Batalha JE, Caramori JC, Cunha Mde L. The role of virulence factors in the outcome of staphylococcal peritonitis in CAPD patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2009 Dec 22. 9:212. [Medline]. [Full Text].
[Guideline] Runyon BA. Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2004 Mar. 39(3):841-56. [Medline].
Lata J, Stiburek O, Kopacova M. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a severe complication of liver cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Nov 28. 15(44):5505-10. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Bert F, Noussair L, Lambert-Zechovsky N, Valla D. Viridans group streptococci: an underestimated cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Sep. 17(9):929-33. [Medline].
Cholongitas E, Papatheodoridis GV, Lahanas A, Xanthaki A, Kontou-Kastellanou C, Archimandritis AJ. Increasing frequency of Gram-positive bacteria in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Liver Int. 2005 Feb. 25(1):57-61. [Medline].
Adler SN, Gasbarra DB. A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
Nouri-Majalan N, Najafi I, Sanadgol H, et al. Description of an outbreak of acute sterile peritonitis in Iran. Perit Dial Int. 2010 Jan-Feb. 30(1):19-22. [Medline].
Evans LT, Kim WR, Poterucha JJ, Kamath PS. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in asymptomatic outpatients with cirrhotic ascites. Hepatology. 2003 Apr. 37(4):897-901. [Medline].
Cheruvattath R, Balan V. Infections in patients with end-stage liver disease. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2007 Apr. 41(4):403-11. [Medline].
Soriano G, Castellote J, Alvarez C, et al. Secondary bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: a retrospective study of clinical and analytical characteristics, diagnosis and management. J Hepatol. 2010 Jan. 52(1):39-44. [Medline].
Marshall JC. Intra-abdominal infections. Microbes Infect. 2004 Sep. 6(11):1015-25. [Medline].
Riggio O, Angeloni S. Ascitic fluid analysis for diagnosis and monitoring of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Aug 21. 15(31):3845-50. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Gaya DR, David B Lyon T, Clarke J, et al. Bedside leucocyte esterase reagent strips with spectrophotometric analysis to rapidly exclude spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a pilot study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Apr. 19(4):289-95. [Medline].
Blot S, De Waele JJ. Critical issues in the clinical management of complicated intra-abdominal infections. Drugs. 2005. 65(12):1611-20. [Medline].
Swank HA, Vermeulen J, Lange JF, et al, for the Dutch Diverticular Disease (3D) Collaborative Study Group. The Ladies trial: laparoscopic peritoneal lavage or resection for purulent peritonitis and Hartmann's procedure or resection with primary anastomosis for purulent or faecal peritonitis in perforated diverticulitis (NTR2037). BMC Surg. 2010 Oct 18. 10:29. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Angenete E, Thornell A, Burcharth J, et al. Laparoscopic lavage is feasible and safe for the treatment of perforated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis: the first results from the randomized controlled trial DILALA. Ann Surg. 2016 Jan. 263(1):117-22. [Medline].
Hawker FH. How to feed patients with sepsis. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2000 Aug. 6(4):247-252. [Medline].
Runyon B. Ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Feldman M, Friedman LS, Sleisenger MH, eds. Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 2006. Vol 2: 1935-64.
Biondo S, Lopez Borao J, Millan M, Kreisler E, Jaurrieta E. Current status of the treatment of acute colonic diverticulitis: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis. 2012 Jan. 14(1):e1-e11. [Medline].
Colizza S, Rossi S. Antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment of surgical abdominal sepsis. J Chemother. 2001 Nov. 13 Spec No 1(1):193-201. [Medline].
Maconi G, Barbara G, Bosetti C, Cuomo R, Annibale B. Treatment of diverticular disease of the colon and prevention of acute diverticulitis: a systematic review. Dis Colon Rectum. 2011 Oct. 54(10):1326-38. [Medline].
[Guideline] Cohen MJ, Sahar T, Benenson S, Elinav E, Brezis M, Soares-Weiser K. Antibiotic prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites, without gastro-intestinal bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Apr 15. CD004791. [Medline].
Gines P, Rimola A, Planas R, et al. Norfloxacin prevents spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrence in cirrhosis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Hepatology. 1990 Oct. 12(4 Pt 1):716-24. [Medline].
Soares-Weiser K, Brezis M, Leibovici L. Antibiotics for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotics. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001. CD002232. [Medline].
Tubau F, Linares J, Rodriguez MD, et al. Susceptibility to tigecycline of isolates from samples collected in hospitalized patients with secondary peritonitis undergoing surgery. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010 Mar. 66(3):308-13. [Medline].
Wiggins KJ, Craig JC, Johnson DW, Strippoli GF. Treatment for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jan 23. CD005284. [Medline].
Lobo LA, Benjamim CF, Oliveira AC. The interplay between microbiota and inflammation: lessons from peritonitis and sepsis. Clin Transl Immunology. 2016 Jul 15. 5(7):e90. [Medline].
Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to peritonitis and peritoneal abscess.
A 48-year-old man underwent suprapubic laparotomy, right hemicolectomy, and gastroduodenal resection for right colon cancer invading the first portion of the duodenum. After surgery, the patient developed abdominal pain and distention. Computed tomography (CT) scanning was used to confirm an anastomotic dehiscence. Figure A shows a contrast-enhanced scan of the abdomen and pelvis that reveals multiple fluid collections, perihepatic ascites, and mild periportal edema. A collection of fluid containing an air-fluid level is visible anterior to the left lobe of the liver. A second collection is anterior to the splenic flexure of the colon. In figure B, a third fluid collection is present in the inferior aspect of the lesser space and in the transverse mesocolon. Figure C shows the pelvis with a collection of free fluid in the rectovesical pouch.
A 78-year-old man was admitted with a history of prior surgery for small bowel obstruction and worsening abdominal pain, distended abdomen, nausea, and obstipation. In figure A, a marked amount of portal venous gas within the liver, mesenteric venous gas, and pneumatosis intestinalis are consistent with ischemic small intestine. The superior mesenteric artery appears patent. The liver has a nodular contour consistent with cirrhosis. In figures B and C, markedly distended loops of small intestine containing fluid and air-fluid levels are consistent with a small bowel obstruction. No focal fluid collections are identified.
A 35-year-old man with a history of Crohn disease presented with pain and swelling in the right abdomen. In figure A, a thickened loop of terminal ileum is evident adherent to the right anterior abdominal wall. In figure B, the right anterior abdominal wall is markedly thickened and edematous, with adjacent inflamed terminal ileum. In figure C, a right lower quadrant abdominal wall abscess and enteric fistula are observed and confirmed by the presence of enteral contrast in the abdominal wall.
Gram-negative Escherichia coli.
Table 1. Common Causes of Secondary Peritonitis
Table 2. Microbial Flora of Secondary Peritonitis
Table 3. Microbiology of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Peritonitis
Table 4. Ascitic Fluid Analysis Summary [4]
Source Regions
Boerhaave syndrome
Trauma (mostly penetrating)
Iatrogenic*
Peptic ulcer perforation
Malignancy (eg, adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor)
Duodenum
Trauma (blunt and penetrating)
Biliary tract
Stone perforation from gallbladder (ie, gallstone ileus) or common duct
Choledochal cyst (rare)
Pancreatitis (eg, alcohol, drugs, gallstones)
Small bowel
Ischemic bowel
Incarcerated hernia (internal and external)
Closed loop obstruction
Malignancy (rare)
Meckel diverticulum
Large bowel and appendix
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease
Colonic volvulus
Iatrogenic
Uterus, salpinx, and ovaries
Pelvic inflammatory disease (eg, salpingo-oophoritis, tubo-ovarian abscess, ovarian cyst)
Trauma (uncommon)
*Iatrogenic trauma to the upper GI tract, including the pancreas and biliary tract and colon, often results from endoscopic procedures; anastomotic dehiscence and inadvertent bowel injury (eg, mechanical, thermal) are common causes of leak in the postoperative period.
Gram negative
Enterobacter/Klebsiella
Gram positive
Enterococci
Staphylococci
Bacteroides
Eubacteria
Clostridia
Peptostreptococci
Peptococci
(Type)
Etiologic Organisms
(Suggested)
Type of Organism
Gram-negative
E coli (40%)
K pneumoniae (7%)
Pseudomonas species (5%)
Proteus species (5%)
Streptococcus species (15%)
Staphylococcus species (3%)
Anaerobic species (< 5%)
Third-generation cephalosporin
Enterobacter species
Klebsiella species
Proteus species
Second-generation cephalosporin
Penicillins with anaerobic activity
Quinolones with anaerobic activity
Quinolone and metronidazole
Aminoglycoside and metronidazole
Gram-positive
Streptococcus species
Enterococcus species
Bacteroides fragilis
Other Bacteroides species
Eubacterium species
Clostridium species
Anaerobic Streptococcus species
Pseudomonas species
Triazoles or amphotericin (considered in fungal etiology)
(Alter therapy based on culture results.)
Staphylococcus species
Fungal
Candida species
Less Helpful
Cell count
Obtain culture in blood culture (BC) bottles.
Tuberculosis (TB) smear and culture
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Amylase
Gram stain
Alpha 1-antitrypsin
Glycosaminoglycans
Brian J Daley, MD, MBA, FACS, FCCP, CNSC Professor and Program Director, Department of Surgery, Chief, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine
Brian J Daley, MD, MBA, FACS, FCCP, CNSC is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma, Southern Surgical Association, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, Association for Academic Surgery, Association for Surgical Education, Shock Society, Society of Critical Care Medicine, Southeastern Surgical Congress, Tennessee Medical Association
BS Anand, MD Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine
BS Anand, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, American Gastroenterological Association, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Praveen K Roy, MD, AGAF Chief of Gastroenterology, Presbyterian Hospital; Medical Director of Endoscopy, Presbyterian Medical Group; Adjunct Associate Research Scientist, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute; Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine
Praveen K Roy, MD, AGAF is a member of the following medical societies: American Gastroenterological Association, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
BS Anand, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, American Gastroenterological Association, and American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Alex Jacocks, MD Program Director, Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma School of Medicine
Chandler Long, MD Resident Physician, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Medical Center-Knoxville
Ketul R Patel, MD Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Providence Hospital
Ketul R Patel, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Physicians, and American Medical Association
Michael H Piper, MD, FACG, FACP Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Digestive Health Associates PLC
Michael H Piper, MD, FACG, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Physicians, and Michigan State Medical Society
Kenneth L Reed, DO Fellow in Gastroenterology, Providence Hospital, Michigan
Kenneth L Reed, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Osteopathic Internists, American Gastroenterological Association, American Osteopathic Association, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and Crohns and Colitis Foundation of America
Bradley J Warren, DO, FACG, FACOI Consulting Staff, Digestive Health Associates, PLC
Bradley J Warren, DO, FACG, FACOI is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American Osteopathic Association, and American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
encoded search term (Peritonitis and Abdominal Sepsis) and Peritonitis and Abdominal Sepsis
Treatment of Sepsis and Septic Shock in Children
Neonatal Sepsis
Bacterial Sepsis
Pediatric Sepsis
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Sepsis
Surgical Approach to Peritonitis and Abdominal Sepsis
Early-Onset Sepsis Risk-Calculator Curbs Antibiotic Overuse in Newborns
Will This Be the Holy Grail for Sepsis?
'Big Three' Diseases Account for Most Diagnostic Error Harm
Psoriasis: Manifestations, Management Options, and Mimics
According to Gastroenterologists
Is 'Leaky Gut' the Root of All Ills?
Personalized Eating: The 'New' Diet?
Improper Proton Pump Inhibitor Prescriptions Criticized
FDA Clears Plenity Hydrogel Capsules for Weight Management
Sickeningly Sweet: High-Fructose Corn Syrup's Possible Role in Intestinal Cancer
Diseases & Conditions Treatment of Sepsis and Septic Shock in Children
Diseases & Conditions Bacterial Sepsis
Diseases & Conditions Pediatric Sepsis


Taking up this challenge can bring benefits on many levels. The overriding principle is, of course, the global issue of climate change but measures to save energy and other resources can translate into cost savings too.
Measures can range from the simplest of actions, such as changing to energy-saving light bulbs, to planning for major works, such as the replacement of inefficient heating systems. the latter option, in some cases, grants are available to help cover the cost of their installation.
Ageing boilers are both costly to run and inefficient, and improvements can be made simply by installing a modern replacement. It may, however, be possible to look at a biomass boiler which uses renewable, low-carbon fuel in the form of wood pellets or woodchip, or alternatives such as ground-source pumps.
Solar panels can be used to heat domestic hot water, while photovoltaic cells enable you to generate your own electricity supply and could also create a small income via the government's Feed-in-Tariff scheme for any surplus. Other possibilities include wind turbines and combined heat and power systems for community schemes.
Even if you are not contemplating replacing a heating system, there can be ways of reducing energy usage. The installation of zone control valves in buildings such as community halls to reduce the heat used in unoccupied areas can produce savings of between 5 and 10%. If your only control option is to have radiators on or off, individual radiator controls can enable you to vary the temperature – maintaining a background heat to protect against damp and freezing pipes and only increasing the temperature when rooms are in use.
Double glazing can help to significantly reduce draughts. If double glazing it not possible on your building, insulated blinds or shutters are a good alternative.
And in our daily lives, there is always something that we as individuals can do. Using renewable energy can be as simple as using the sun to line-dry washing rather than always resorting to a tumble dryer.


text:
package fr.insee.rmes.modeles.operations;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.xml.annotation.JacksonXmlElementWrapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.xml.annotation.JacksonXmlProperty;

import fr.insee.rmes.modeles.StringWithLang;
import fr.insee.rmes.utils.Lang;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;

@Schema(name = "ObjetSimple", description = "Objet simple")
public class SimpleObject {

	protected String id = null;
    @Schema(example = "http://id.insee.fr/...")
    protected String uri = null;

    protected List<StringWithLang> label = new ArrayList<>();

    public SimpleObject(String id, String uri, String labelFr, String labelEn) {
        this.id = id;
        this.uri = uri;
        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(labelFr)) {
            label.add(new StringWithLang(labelFr, Lang.FR));
        }
        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(labelEn)) {
            label.add(new StringWithLang(labelEn, Lang.EN));
        }
    }

    public SimpleObject() {
        super();
    }

    @JacksonXmlProperty(isAttribute = true, localName = "id")
    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    @JacksonXmlProperty(isAttribute = true, localName = "uri")
    public String getUri() {
        return uri;
    }

    public void setUri(String uri) {
        this.uri = uri;
    }

    @JacksonXmlProperty(localName = "Label")
    @JacksonXmlElementWrapper(useWrapping = false)
    public List<StringWithLang> getLabel() {
        return label;
    }

    public void setLabel(List<StringWithLang> label) {
        this.label = label;
    }

    public void setLabelFr(String labelFr) {
        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(labelFr)) {
            label.add(new StringWithLang(labelFr, Lang.FR));
        }
    }

    public void setLabelEn(String labelEn) {
        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(labelEn)) {
            label.add(new StringWithLang(labelEn, Lang.EN));
        }
    }

	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		return Objects.hash(id, label, uri);
	}

	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		if (this == obj)
			return true;
		if (obj == null)
			return false;
		if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
			return false;
		SimpleObject other = (SimpleObject) obj;
		return Objects.equals(id, other.id) && Objects.equals(label, other.label) && Objects.equals(uri, other.uri);
	}

}


text:
Q: Validating model URL type using ORMAR I have a model, Users
class Users(ormar.Model):
    class Meta(BaseMeta):
        tablename = "users"

    id: int = ormar.Integer(primary_key=True)
    first_name: str = ormar.String(max_length=255)
    middle_name: Union[str, None] = ormar.String(nullable=True, max_length=255)
    last_name: Union[str, None] = ormar.String(nullable=True, max_length=255)

i wish to add a url profile_image and I want the URL validation to be done at database level instead of API level
Is it possbile to do the same? without switching to SQLAlchemy?
I have tried lookup the docs, but could not find anything helpful.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Kendall Bergstrom-deLancellotti lives and breathes Oregon Real Estate. A second generation realtor, Kendall shadowed her successful, realtor mother after graduating with a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Economics from UCLA in 1985.
Kendall has been a Real Estate Broker since 1988 and a Principal Broker since 1991. Kendall specializes in the market trends of Portland, specifically, in the NW and SW Hills of Portland & Beaverton, the Pearl District, and Lake Oswego. She is an International Relocation Specialist, a Certified Luxury Home Marketing Specialist, and has reached the peak of her profession by being one of Oregon's top selling real estate broker's which has been exemplified from her most recent award as the 2017 PMAR Masters Circle Realtor of the Year.
Some fun facts about Kendall: She lives in Lake Oswego with her husband and three children, she graduated from Beaverton High School in 1981, graduated from UCLA (where she played on the Women's Soccer Team) in 1985, was a Professional Snowboarder from 1992-1994, and has a deep passion for the Oregon wine industry.
Most importantly, Kendall truly loves what she does: helping people invest in real estate in the Portland Metro Area – she welcomes your call!
Kelly is originally from Waterloo, Iowa and relocated to the Portland area in March of 2011. Prior to working with Kendall Bergstrom Properties, she taught choral music for 15 years. Kelly also has prior real estate experience with a top-producing team as an office manager. Simply put, Kelly is detail oriented and tremendously thorough, not to mention, kind.
Kelly received her real estate license in September of 2013 and has been caring for our clients ever since. Kelly manages our day-to-day operations. From Home Inspection Reports and Analysis to preparing timelines for those looking to sell; connecting our clients with key area trades people is a also a large part of Kelly's job – helping ensure clients are provided great care from beginning to to end. She has an excellent reputation for problem-solving, timely responses to any and all client's and/or agents needs and concerns and, more often than not, Kelly goes above and beyond as our Client Care Director.
Kelly looks forward to working with you in the exciting process of buying or selling a home with Kendall Bergstrom Properties.


On Saturday, Sleaford Cricket Club First XI (Sponsored by Baker Plant Hire) entertained Boston CC at the London Road Ground.
Winning the toss, Boston elected to bat and, with the score on 10, Sleaford made the breakthrough, Cameron Hall having Sam Holland caught by Olly Burford for two.
Ricky Lovelace and Jonathan Cheer steadied the innings taking the score to 47 before Lovelace was caught by Burford off Angus Youles for 24.
This brought Ishan Jayaratne to the crease and he and Cheer advanced the total to 90, with Cheer dismissed for 46 off the bowling of Tom Shorthouse.
From this point the innings revolved around Jayaratne, who made his way to 50 as Sleaford claimed the wickets of Yousuff and Musson for two runs each.
Luke Gilding made a solid 19 before falling to Adi Sreedharan with the score on 154.
Tom Baxter then supported Jayaratne for the rest of the innings, the latter finishing with an undefeated 89 as the Boston innings closed on 200 for 6. For Sleaford, Shorthouse claimed two wickets, with Hall, Youles and Sreedharan taking one each.
Sleaford made a positive start in chasing the Boston total until Ross Diver was LBW to Jayaratne for 15 with the total on 21.
Shorthouse was joined by Andy Hibberd but on 34 Shorthouse was caught by Tom Baxter for nine and two runs later Mountain fell to Paul Deans, giving Boston the upper hand.
Both Charlie Roberts (5) and Andy Hibberd (21) were returned to the pavilion, as Boston pressed home their advantage.
Burford rallied the innings for a while but lost partners on a regular basis. Only an innings of 18 from Youles offered any real support, as Sleaford were all out for 117 in the 35th over, Burford finishing on 16 not out.
This Saturday Sleaford travel to Alford.
Sleaford CC Seconds travelled to Boston for a South Lincs and Border League clash on Saturday.
After winning the toss, Sleaford invited the home side to bat first and Boston made a very positive start with Ben Troops and Steven Elleray looking comfortable until Elleray was caught by Simon Godby off Giles Goddard for 13.
Troops was joined by Matthew Hood and they moved the Boston total forward until Hood fell for 15.
Troops continued to play positively taking his total past 50 but he was losing partners on a regular basis.
Connor Harbron was most effective of the Sleaford attack, taking four middle order wickets, well supported by Simon Godby with three wickets. This bowling combination reduced Boston to 143 all out in their 45 overs.
In reply, Aayush Patel and Godby began positively for Sleaford before Patel was lbw to Michael Troops for nine with the score on 28.
Kurt Colyn then joined Godby before departing for 11, the score having moved on to 49.
Godby continued to accumulate runs, with good support from Dan Hutson (23), moving past the 50 mark, but with the score on 136 he fell to Damian Lawson for 54 invaluable runs.
Matthew Bean (10 not out) and Mason Mansfield (2 not out) saw Sleaford home by four wickets in the 39th over, Sleaford taking 20 points and Boston five.
This Saturday Sleaford host Long Sutton at the London Road ground.


Crafting a school- or districtwide AUP that is infused with digital citizenship concepts and developed with input from the entire community, students, teachers, parents, staff and administration can do more than simply provide a list of prohibited activities.
Investigators who are planning a new project prepare AUPs for review by the IACUC.
The idea was to familiarize the AUPs with vehicle and weapons maintenance contractors who could help them maintain their equipment and, in turn, their combat effectiveness.
We stumbled into the main hostellery in Aups for lunch, to gate crash the annual truffle auction.
CoSN notes that Arizona's Dysart Unified School District has updated its AUP to protect students while allowing room for flexibility.
However, by using technology and setting up simple rules that enforce AUPs, rumours can be nipped in the bud and company IP can be secured, to protect companies from the more pernicious effects of the downturn.
At minimum, AUPs should state: (1) the district's expectation that the computing facilities will be used exclusively for educational purposes; (2) the district's expectation that students will use educationally appropriate speech and expression when using the internet and other technological tools; (3) the users' responsibilities to avoid copyright violations; (4) the users' reasonable expectations (or lack of expectations) of privacy in any and all uses of district technology resources and; (5) the users' responsibility to avoid substantial and material disruption of the education process for the school community.
AUPS protects the computer (and any other valuable electronics plugged into it) from power fluctuations and surges.
At Aups market in south-east France the black truffle's price has more than doubled over the past five years, to about pounds 280 per pound.
AUPs attempt to control NWRC by providing guidelines on appropriate computer use, and outline how the organization will monitor, enforce, and punish non-work-related activities (Lee and Lee, 2002; Woon and Pee, 2004).
Exploring Internet abuse in the workplace: how can we maximize deterrence efforts?
AUPs should be updated on a regular basis to include the latest in communication tools available, such as Web-based email, chat rooms, instant messaging, bulletin board postings and peer-to-peer file sharing.


text:
2-й Украї́нський фронт — оперативно-стратегічне об'єднання радянських військ з 20 жовтня 1943 року до 10 червня 1945 року у Другій світовій війні.

Історія
Створений на південно-західному напрямку радянсько-німецького фронту 20 жовтня 1943 на підставі наказу Ставки ВГК від 16 жовтня 1943 шляхом перейменування Степового фронту.

На момент формування до складу фронту входили: 4-та, 5-та та 7-ма гвардійські, 37-ма, 52-га, 53-тя, 57-ма загальновійськові армії, 5-та гвардійська танкова та 5-та повітряна армії. У подальшому до складу фронту входили 27-ма, 40-ва, 46-та загальновійськові армії, 6-та (з вересня 1944 — 6-та гвардійська) та 2-га танкові армії, кінно-механізована група, румунські 1-ша і 4-та армії. В оперативному підпорядкуванні 2-го Українського фронту знаходилася Дунайська військова флотилія.

У жовтні-грудні 1943 війська фронту провели операцію з розширення плацдарму, захопленого на правом берегу Дніпра на ділянці від Кременчука до Дніпропетровська, і до 20 грудня вишли на підступи до Кіровограда і Кривого Рогу. В ході подальшого наступу в січні — квітні 1944 року з'єднання фронту провели кілька успішних фронтових наступальних операцій, звільнили значну частину Правобережної України, у взаємодії з 1-м Українським фронтом здійснили розгром оточеного угрупування противника в районі Корсунь-Шевченковського, до кінця квітня 1944 року розітнули фронт групи армій «Південь», звільнили частину Молдавії і вступили на територію Румунії.

У серпні 1944 року у взаємодії з 3-м Українським фронтом була звільнена Молдавія, розгромлені румунські війська, а сама Румунія виведена з війни на стороні Німеччини. В ході наступальних боїв восени 1944 роки з'єднання фронту розгромили групу армій «Південь», зайняли вигідне положення для продовження наступу на Будапешт.

Протягом жовтня 1944 року — лютого 1945 року 2-й Український фронт у взаємодії з частиною сил 3-го Українського фронту брав участь у Будапештській операції, в районі столиці Угорщини і в самому місті, в ході якої було оточено і ліквідоване 188-тисячне угрупування противника і звільнений Будапешт.

У березні — квітні 1945 року війська фронту брали участь в боях по звільненню Угорщини, значної частини Чехословаччини, східних районів Австрії і її столиці Відня. У травні 1945 року з'єднання фронту брали участь в розгромі угрупування противника в Чехословаччині.

10 травня 1945 року війська фронту зустрілися з американськими військами в районі міст Пісек і Чеське Будейовице.

Розформований 10 червня 1945 року на підставі директиви Ставки ВГК від 29 травня 1945 року. Управління фронту виведене до резерву Ставки ВГК і на його базі сформовано управління Одеського військового округу.

На його честь названо декілька урбанонімів, наприклад вулиця 2-го Українського фронту у місті Черкаси.

Військові операції

Стратегічні операції
 Нижньодніпровська стратегічна наступальна операція 1943;
 Дніпровсько-Карпатська стратегічна наступальна операція 1944;
 Яссько-Кишинівська стратегічна наступальна операція 1944;
 Белградська стратегічна наступальна операція 1944;
 Західно-Карпатська стратегічна наступальна операція 1945;
 Будапештська стратегічна наступальна операція 1944—1945;
 Віденська стратегічна наступальна операція 1945;
 Празька стратегічна наступальна операція 1945.

Фронтові та армійські операції
 П'ятихатська наступальна операція 1943;
 Знам'янська наступальна операція 1943;
 Кіровоградська наступальна операція 1944;
 Корсунь-Шевченківська наступальна операція 1944;
 Умансько-Ботошанська наступальна операція 1944;
 Яссько-Фокшанська наступальна операція 1944.
 Румунська наступальна операція 1944;
 Дебреценська наступальна операція 1944;
 Кечкемет-Будапештська наступальна операція 1944;
 Сольнок-Будапештська наступальна операція 1944;
 Ньїредьхаза-Мішкольцька наступальна операція 1944;
 Естергом-Комарновська наступальна операція 1944;
 Секешфехервар-Естергомська наступальна операція 1944;
 Штурм Будапешта (1945);
 Будапештська оборонна операція 1944—1945;
 Банська-Бистріцька наступальна операція 1945;
 Штурм Відня;
 Д'єрська наступальна операція 1945;
 Братиславсько-Брновська наступальна операція 1945
 Оломоуцька наступальна операція 1945;
 Йиглава-Бенешовська наступальна операція 1945.

Військові формування у складі 2-го Українського фронту
1 січня 1944 року
1 квітня 1944 року
1 липня 1944 року
1 жовтня 1944 року
1 січня 1945 року
1 квітня 1945 року

Командування
Командувачі:
 генерал армії (з лютого 1944 Маршал Радянського Союзу) Конєв І. С. (жовтень 1943 — травень 1944);
 генерал армії (з вересня 1944 р. Маршал Радянського Союзу) Малиновський Р. Я. (травень 1944 — до кінця війни).
Члени військової ради:
 генерал-лейтенант танкових військ, з вересня 1944 генерал-полковник танкових військ Сусайков І. З. (жовтень 1943 — березень 1945);
 генерал-лейтенант Тевченков А. Н. (березень — червень 1945).
Начальники штабів:
 генерал-полковник, з кінця травня 1945 генерал армії Захаров М. В. (жовтень 1943 — червень 1945).

Див. також
 Київський ґебіт (міський)
 Друга битва за Тиргу-Фрумос
 Битва за Крим (1941—44)
 Генеральна округа Дніпропетровськ
 Україна в Другій світовій війні

Посилання
 Фронт
 Все фронты Великой Отечественной войны
 2-й Украинский фронт
 Потери личного состава Степного фронта (9 июля 1943 года — 20 октября 1943 года) и 2-го Украинского фронта (21 октября 1943 года — 11 мая 1945 года) в течение 671 суток
 2-й Украинский фронт
 2-й Украинский фронт

Джерела та література
 Л. В. Кондратенко. Другий Український фронт  //
 Л. В. Кондратенко. Другий Український фронт  //
 Грылев А. Н. Днепр — Карпаты — Крым. М., 1970;
 «Освобождение Юго-Восточной и Центральной Европы войсками 2-го и 3-го Украинских фронтов (1944-45)», Москва, 1970;
 «Ясско-Кишинёвские Канны», Москва, 1964.

Радянські фронти
Німецько-радянська війна в Україні
Військові формування, засновані 1943
Військові формування, розформовані 1945


Here is a buckler shield featuring a black fleur de lis on a metallic gold background. The fleur de lis has been flawlessly cut out of wood and attached to the shields front. Stainless steel studs line the border, and a single leather strap is secured to the back to be gripped with one hand. This maneuverable shield measures about 13 inches in diameter. The Wooden Gold Fleur De Lis Buckler Shield has several coats of topcoat finish have also been applied to protect the design from wear. This would be perfect for that upcoming Renaissance Festival in your area or some backyard brawling between friends. The Wooden Gold Fleur De Lis Buckler Shield would be perfect for upcoming Renaissance fairs, LARP events, or medieval re-enactments. This wooden shield would also make a great gift for that Renaissance enthusiast for someone you know.


text:
Karnopp Petersen LLP Menu
KP History
Recognition and Awards
Howard Arnett
Jennilyn K. Aston
Kurt Barker
Benjamin Eckstein
Ellen Grover
Brent Kinkade
Erin K. MacDonald
Suzanne McVicker
Tyler J. Moore
Sarah R. Monkton
Jon Napier
Annie Nelson
Josh Newton
Ian J. Osteen
Thomas Sayeg
Michel L. Wigney
Dennis Karnopp – Retired
James E. Petersen – Retired
Jim D. Noteboom – in Memoriam
Corporate Finance and Securities
Startups, Technology and Intellectual Property
Indian Law
Litigation and Appellate Practice
Natural Resource and Energy Strategies
Resorts and Tourism
KP Blogs
Indian gaming (1)
Indian Nation (1)
Self-Governance (2)
New Case Supports Tribal Taxation and Self-Determination, Relies on BIA Leasing Regulations
A new case, dated September 5, 2014, out of the Southern District of Florida provides additional support for tribal taxation without state tax interference and for upholding new provisions in the Bureau of Indian Affairs' ("BIA") residential and commercial leasing regulations which assert preemption of state and local taxes assessed related to property under BIA leases. In the Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation v. Thurston County, 724 F3d 1153 (9th Cir 2013) case, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that 25 USC § 465 preempted state and local taxes of improvements on tribal trust land, regardless of ownership. This case in effect affirmed the BIA regulations set forth in 25 CFR § 162.017(a) which addressed preemption of state and local taxes directly on permanent improvements, themselves.
In the current case, Seminole Tribe of Florida v. State of Florida, Civil Action No. 12-62140-Civ-Scola, the Seminole Tribe of Florida filed a lawsuit challenging two Florida taxes: (1) a utility tax imposed by the Florida Department of Revenue through the servicing energy utility's billings ("Utility Tax"), and (b) a rental tax on leases held by non-tribal entities pertaining to tribally owned trust property ("Rental Tax"). The Rental Tax question is relevant to additional BIA regulations set forth in 25 CFR § 1602.017(b-c) which pertain to taxes on activities under a lease and on leasehold or possessory interests.
Rental Tax. The Florida District court held that the Rental Tax was invalid on two bases. The first was, similar to the Chehalis case, based on 25 USC § 465, which prohibits taxation of tribal trust land, including the improvements thereon. Mescalero Apache Tribe v. Jones, 411 US 145 (1973). Florida's Rental Tax was a "use" tax, and the court held that use of property and the right to manage property and receive income from property are among the bundle of privileges that make up property or the ownership of property. Therefore a tax on the lease and/or use of the property was a tax on the property itself. Because the property was owned in trust by the Tribe, the tax therefore ran afoul of 25 USC § 465 which clearly prohibits a tax of tribal trust property.
The second basis for invalidating the tax was under the leasing statute, 25 USC § 415. The court evaluated the Rental Tax under the principles of the Indian Commerce Clause and the sovereign status of Indian tribes, both of which prohibit state taxes on non-Indians on Indian reservations if the tax is either preempted by federal law or it interferes with a tribe's ability to exercise its sovereign functions. White Mountain Apache Tribe v. Bracker, 448 U.S. 136, 142 (1980); Ramah Navajo Sch. Bd., Inc. v. Bureau of Revenue of N.M., 458 U.S. 832, 837 (1982).
Here, the court's discussion directly addressed the BIA leasing regulations in which the Secretary of Interior ("Secretary") concluded that "the very possibility of an additional State or local tax has a chilling effect on potential lessees as well as the tribe that as a result might refrain from exercising its own sovereign right to impose a tribal tax to support its infrastructure needs." 77 Fed Reg 72440, 72448 (December 5, 2012). The court noted the clear delegated authority for the Department of Interior to promulgate regulations under 25 USC § 415. Because of this clear delegation, the historical and daily involvement with Indian tribes, the complex and extensive history of tribal relations, and the comprehensive and thorough analysis of the Secretary, the court gave significant deference to the Secretary in evaluating the factors that are relevant to the Bracker and Ramah tests. In summary, the court relied on the BIA regulations to invalidate the tax because the Secretary's preemption analysis was thorough and persuasive in explain that the federal regulatory scheme regarding leases of restricted Indian land was "so pervasive that it precludes the additional burdens imposed by Florida's Rental Tax." In particular, the court noted that BIA's "new regulations have changed the landscape in this area of the law, specifically regarding the issue of preemption."
Importantly, the court distinguished this situation from the Cotton Petroleum Corp. v. New Mexico, 490 US 163 (1989), line of oil and gas lease cases, which set forth a more significant test to justify preemption based on the burden on the tribe of the state tax. The court contrasted the lack of comprehensive analysis performed by Interior in that case with the comprehensive analysis in the BIA land lease regulations and noted the different leasing schemes as well as the evidence of Congressional approval of taxes in the oil and gas lease schemes. In summary, the court concluded that the Secretary's careful description of the comprehensive nature of the statutory scheme set forth in the land leasing statute context, 25 USC § 415, as well as any lack of Congressional evidence of the approval of state taxes under these land leases distinguished the holding in the Cotton Petroleum cases from this situation.
Utility Tax. The Florida District Court also held that Florida's Utility Tax was invalid. The Utility Tax was imposed on gross receipts from utility services delivered to the retail customer. The tax was billed to and paid by the customer, including the Tribe, in its monthly utility bill. Under federal law, a state may not directly tax an Indian Tribe on an Indian reservation unless a federal statute expressly permits the tax. Okla. Tax Comm'n v. Chickasaw Nation, 515 U.S. 450, 458 (1995). Courts will undertake an inquiry on the "legal incidence" of a tax to determine if a state is impermissibly taxing an Indian tribe. Here, the court found that the legal incidence was on the Tribe and not on the utility, since a) the tax was built into the monthly bill to the Tribe; b) the Tribe would pay the bill including the tax; and c) there was no evidence in state law that the utility would be liable for paying the tax if the Tribe did not pay the bill or the tax.
In summary, while the Florida District Court case is not controlling precedent in Oregon (unlike the 9th Circuit Chehalis ruling which is controlling), it nevertheless is a significant example of how a court will directly address and/or rely on the BIA leasing regulations in a preemption analysis and it provides further evidence that the landscape on state and local taxation related to tribal trust assets may be changing to help facilitate tribal taxation and self-determination.
e-Tip (10)
Fair Labor Standards Act/FLSA (1)
General & Newsworthy (1)
Indian Law (11)
Indian Reorganization Act (1)
KP Announcements (3)
LWNR (8)
National Labor Relations Act/NLRA (1)
National Labor Relations Board/NLRB (1)
Tribal Law (1)
Tribal Sovereignty (1)
Tribal Tax (2)
Trust Administration (1)
Water Right (1)
360 SW Bond Street, Suite 400 Bend, OR 97702 - 541-382-3011
© 2015 Karnopp Petersen LLP All Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy / Disclaimer
The information and materials on this website are provided for general informational purposes only and are not intended to be legal advice. The law changes frequently and varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Being general in nature, the information and materials provided may not apply to any specific factual and/or legal set of circumstances. No attorney-client relationship is formed nor should any such relationship be implied. Nothing on this blog is intended to substitute for the advice of an attorney, especially an attorney licensed in your jurisdiction. If you require legal advice, please consult with a competent attorney licensed to practice in your jurisdiction. Past results are no guarantee of future results.


Student Bursary Scheme Now Live!
Grant Schemes Comments Off on Student Bursary Scheme Now Live!
Are you in full time further education or on an apprenticeship, and living in The Carron Valley Community Council Area? You could now get a grant of £500 per academic year, to support you in your studies.
One of VRG's strategic priorities for 2015 to 2018 is "Creating Opportunities for Carron Valley Young People and Children to Grow", which ties in with VRG's objective of advancing citizenship and community development.
To meet this objective, VRG launched its Children & Young People's Small Grant Scheme in 2015. To further support to young people in the Carron Valley area we have now launched our Student Bursary Scheme. This scheme will pay £500 per year (up to a maximum of 5 years) to each permanent resident of the Carron Valley area who is aged 16 or over, and enrolled in full time further education or an apprenticeship.
To find out more about both schemes, and to apply, visit our Students, Children & Young People page.


text:
Sanford Health to build two clinics and orthopedic hospital in $ 209.5 million expansion
By Curt D. Nantz on	 March 3, 2020 Orthopedic hospital
Sanford Health will build two new clinics and an orthopedic hospital under a $ 209.5 million construction plan over the next three years.
The health system announced on Tuesday that it would complete five projects, including its first clinic in growing city of Harrisburg and a new clinic at the corner of East 57th Street and Hwy. 11, as well as massive expansions and additions to its main campus in central Sioux Falls.
"To us, this sends the message that we will improve our existing service lines," said Paul Hanson, CEO and President of Sanford Sioux Falls. "We see an opportunity where the community grows."
The projects Sanford announced this week are part of the healthcare system's efforts to provide more services to parts of the city and surrounding areas that gain thousands of new residents each year.
Following:Sanford Health plans to open health services in Harrisburg
The clinic on 57th Street and the freeway. 11 is located in the most south-eastern corner of the city, where the development of new neighborhoods and huge apartment complexes has attracted many new families to the area.
Sanford is the first to announce plans for the intersection. Its clinic there will measure 42,000 square feet and be completed by 2021. Moving into this still undeveloped pocket of Sioux Falls will allow Sanford to serve more households in the city and surrounding area, including Brandon patients. and northwestern Iowa, Hanson said. .
Harrisburg's 16,000-square-foot clinic will open at Cliff Avenue and Willow Street this spring and is expected to be completed within a year, Sanford Health said in a statement.
"We see Harrisburg as a growing community, a progressive community," said Hanson.
The Harrisburg and East 57th Street clinics will have a Lewis drug attached.
An orthopedic hospital on the main Sanford campus is also under construction, with hopes that it will open by 2023. The 163,000-square-foot building will open in the summer of 2021 and will include 12 operating rooms.
The Sanford Heart Hospital is also undergoing a renovation this month, adding 26,058 square feet, including 16 additional patient rooms. It should be finished by the end of the year.
Finally, the Sanford Van Demark building will also be expanded by 33,000 square feet starting in fall 2020, with the goal of being completed by spring 2022. The expansion will add 23 examination rooms, from space for eight additional surgeons and 12 advanced practice providers.
Sanford's broad development plans for the next few years are part of the rooftop health care strategy, which involves bringing services closer to residential neighborhoods in Sioux Falls, Hanson said.
"This is a strategy that we have been implementing for decades," he said.


We are a a local pet store operating in Lancaster, Ohio. With a state of the art location providing you and your family with a fun and a hands on approach to learning about pets and their required needs.
Petland Lancaster Ohio https://www.petlandlancaster.com Petland Makes Life Better!
4.6 10 based on 10 ratings.


text:
package uk.gov.gchq.gaffer.accumulostore.key.core;

import org.apache.accumulo.core.client.IteratorSetting;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import uk.gov.gchq.gaffer.accumulostore.AccumuloStore;
import uk.gov.gchq.gaffer.accumulostore.key.AccumuloElementConverter;
import uk.gov.gchq.gaffer.accumulostore.key.AccumuloKeyPackage;
import uk.gov.gchq.gaffer.accumulostore.key.impl.ElementPostAggregationFilter;
import uk.gov.gchq.gaffer.accumulostore.key.impl.ElementPreAggregationFilter;
import uk.gov.gchq.gaffer.accumulostore.key.impl.ValidatorFilter;
import uk.gov.gchq.gaffer.accumulostore.utils.AccumuloStoreConstants;
import uk.gov.gchq.gaffer.commonutil.JsonAssert;
import uk.gov.gchq.gaffer.commonutil.TestGroups;
import uk.gov.gchq.gaffer.commonutil.TestPropertyNames;
import uk.gov.gchq.gaffer.data.element.function.ElementFilter;
import uk.gov.gchq.gaffer.data.elementdefinition.view.View;
import uk.gov.gchq.gaffer.data.elementdefinition.view.ViewElementDefinition;
import uk.gov.gchq.gaffer.store.schema.Schema;
import uk.gov.gchq.gaffer.store.schema.SchemaEdgeDefinition;
import uk.gov.gchq.gaffer.store.schema.TypeDefinition;
import uk.gov.gchq.koryphe.impl.binaryoperator.StringConcat;
import uk.gov.gchq.koryphe.impl.predicate.Exists;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.given;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;

public abstract class AbstractCoreKeyIteratorSettingsFactoryTest {
    private final AbstractCoreKeyIteratorSettingsFactory factory;

    protected AbstractCoreKeyIteratorSettingsFactoryTest(final AbstractCoreKeyIteratorSettingsFactory factory) {
        this.factory = factory;
    }

    @Test
    public void shouldReturnNullValidatorIteratorIfNoSchemaValidation() throws Exception {
        // Given
        final AccumuloStore store = mock(AccumuloStore.class);
        final Schema schema = createSchema();
        given(store.getSchema()).willReturn(schema);

        // When
        final IteratorSetting iterator = factory.getValidatorIteratorSetting(store);

        // Then
        assertNull(iterator);
    }

    @Test
    public void shouldReturnIteratorValidatorIterator() throws Exception {
        // Given
        final AccumuloStore store = mock(AccumuloStore.class);
        final Schema schema = new Schema.Builder()
                .merge(createSchema())
                .type("str", new TypeDefinition.Builder()
                        .validateFunctions(new Exists())
                        .build())
                .build();
        final AccumuloKeyPackage keyPackage = mock(AccumuloKeyPackage.class);
        final AccumuloElementConverter converter = mock(AccumuloElementConverter.class);

        given(store.getSchema()).willReturn(schema);
        given(store.getKeyPackage()).willReturn(keyPackage);
        given(keyPackage.getKeyConverter()).willReturn(converter);

        // When
        final IteratorSetting iterator = factory.getValidatorIteratorSetting(store);

        // Then
        assertEquals(AccumuloStoreConstants.VALIDATOR_ITERATOR_NAME, iterator.getName());
        assertEquals(AccumuloStoreConstants.VALIDATOR_ITERATOR_PRIORITY, iterator.getPriority());
        assertEquals(ValidatorFilter.class.getName(), iterator.getIteratorClass());
        JsonAssert.assertEquals(schema.toCompactJson(), iterator.getOptions().get(AccumuloStoreConstants.SCHEMA).getBytes());
        assertEquals(converter.getClass().getName(), iterator.getOptions().get(AccumuloStoreConstants.ACCUMULO_ELEMENT_CONVERTER_CLASS));
    }

    @Test
    public void shouldReturnNullPreAggFilterIfNoPreAggFilters() throws Exception {
        // Given
        final AccumuloStore store = mock(AccumuloStore.class);
        final Schema schema = createSchema();
        final View view = new View.Builder()
                .edge(TestGroups.EDGE, new ViewElementDefinition.Builder()
                        .postAggregationFilter(new ElementFilter.Builder()
                                .select(TestPropertyNames.PROP_1)
                                .execute(new Exists())
                                .build())
                        .build())
                .build();
        given(store.getSchema()).willReturn(schema);

        // When
        final IteratorSetting iterator = factory.getElementPreAggregationFilterIteratorSetting(view, store);

        // Then
        assertNull(iterator);
    }

    @Test
    public void shouldReturnPreAggFilterIterator() throws Exception {
        // Given
        final AccumuloStore store = mock(AccumuloStore.class);
        final Schema schema = createSchema();
        final View view = new View.Builder()
                .edge(TestGroups.EDGE, new ViewElementDefinition.Builder()
                        .preAggregationFilter(new ElementFilter.Builder()
                                .select(TestPropertyNames.PROP_1)
                                .execute(new Exists())
                                .build())
                        .build())
                .build();
        final AccumuloKeyPackage keyPackage = mock(AccumuloKeyPackage.class);
        final AccumuloElementConverter converter = mock(AccumuloElementConverter.class);

        given(store.getSchema()).willReturn(schema);
        given(store.getKeyPackage()).willReturn(keyPackage);
        given(keyPackage.getKeyConverter()).willReturn(converter);

        // When
        final IteratorSetting iterator = factory.getElementPreAggregationFilterIteratorSetting(view, store);

        // Then
        assertEquals(AccumuloStoreConstants.ELEMENT_PRE_AGGREGATION_FILTER_ITERATOR_NAME, iterator.getName());
        assertEquals(AccumuloStoreConstants.ELEMENT_PRE_AGGREGATION_FILTER_ITERATOR_PRIORITY, iterator.getPriority());
        assertEquals(ElementPreAggregationFilter.class.getName(), iterator.getIteratorClass());
        JsonAssert.assertEquals(schema.toCompactJson(), iterator.getOptions().get(AccumuloStoreConstants.SCHEMA).getBytes());
        JsonAssert.assertEquals(view.toCompactJson(), iterator.getOptions().get(AccumuloStoreConstants.VIEW).getBytes());
        assertEquals(converter.getClass().getName(), iterator.getOptions().get(AccumuloStoreConstants.ACCUMULO_ELEMENT_CONVERTER_CLASS));
    }

    @Test
    public void shouldReturnNullPostAggFilterIfNoPreAggFilters() throws Exception {
        // Given
        final AccumuloStore store = mock(AccumuloStore.class);
        final Schema schema = createSchema();
        final View view = new View.Builder()
                .edge(TestGroups.EDGE, new ViewElementDefinition.Builder()
                        .preAggregationFilter(new ElementFilter.Builder()
                                .select(TestPropertyNames.PROP_1)
                                .execute(new Exists())
                                .build())
                        .build())
                .build();
        given(store.getSchema()).willReturn(schema);

        // When
        final IteratorSetting iterator = factory.getElementPostAggregationFilterIteratorSetting(view, store);

        // Then
        assertNull(iterator);
    }

    @Test
    public void shouldReturnPostAggFilterIterator() throws Exception {
        // Given
        final AccumuloStore store = mock(AccumuloStore.class);
        final Schema schema = createSchema();
        final View view = new View.Builder()
                .edge(TestGroups.EDGE, new ViewElementDefinition.Builder()
                        .postAggregationFilter(new ElementFilter.Builder()
                                .select(TestPropertyNames.PROP_1)
                                .execute(new Exists())
                                .build())
                        .build())
                .build();
        final AccumuloKeyPackage keyPackage = mock(AccumuloKeyPackage.class);
        final AccumuloElementConverter converter = mock(AccumuloElementConverter.class);

        given(store.getSchema()).willReturn(schema);
        given(store.getKeyPackage()).willReturn(keyPackage);
        given(keyPackage.getKeyConverter()).willReturn(converter);

        // When
        final IteratorSetting iterator = factory.getElementPostAggregationFilterIteratorSetting(view, store);

        // Then
        assertEquals(AccumuloStoreConstants.ELEMENT_POST_AGGREGATION_FILTER_ITERATOR_NAME, iterator.getName());
        assertEquals(AccumuloStoreConstants.ELEMENT_POST_AGGREGATION_FILTER_ITERATOR_PRIORITY, iterator.getPriority());
        assertEquals(ElementPostAggregationFilter.class.getName(), iterator.getIteratorClass());
        JsonAssert.assertEquals(schema.toCompactJson(), iterator.getOptions().get(AccumuloStoreConstants.SCHEMA).getBytes());
        JsonAssert.assertEquals(view.toCompactJson(), iterator.getOptions().get(AccumuloStoreConstants.VIEW).getBytes());
        assertEquals(converter.getClass().getName(), iterator.getOptions().get(AccumuloStoreConstants.ACCUMULO_ELEMENT_CONVERTER_CLASS));
    }

    private Schema createSchema() {
        return new Schema.Builder()
                .edge(TestGroups.EDGE, new SchemaEdgeDefinition.Builder()
                        .property(TestPropertyNames.PROP_1, "str")
                        .build())
                .type("str", new TypeDefinition.Builder()
                        .clazz(String.class)
                        .aggregateFunction(new StringConcat())
                        .build())
                .build();
    }
}