Semi Trucks, Big Rigs, 18-Wheelers, Trailer Trucks and shipping vehicles are all a part of daily life. We see them on our streets and highways moving various goods throughout the city, around the state, and even across the country. While many truckers are attentive, accidents do happen, and sometimes these accidents are extremely serious. If you or someone that you love has been injured in an accident with one of these large vehicles, its important that you speak with a San Diego Trucking Accident Attorney at San Diego Injury Law Center.
There are many reasons why a large truck accident may occur. One reason has to do with the size of these trucks and shipping vehicles. Large trucks have many blind spots and are also difficult to maneuver. This means that truck drivers need to be extra careful when turning and merging to avoid injuring other motorists. Particularly dangerous are jackknife truck accidents, in which a truck loses control and splays sideways across multiple lanes. Another possible cause of large truck accidents involves poorly secured loads which may fall into the roadway, creating dangerous obstacles for fellow motorists. Whatever the case may be, the San Diego Trucking Accident Attorneys at San Diego Injury Law Center are here for you.
Another reason that trucking accidents occur involves driver fatigue and the practices of trucking companies. Some trucking companies push their drivers too hard, forcing them to drive long hours without a break. By tiring out their drivers, trucking companies are creating dangerous roadways for other motorists. When fatigued, decision making is impaired and reaction time is slowed. On top of these factors, fatigued drivers run the risk of falling asleep at the wheel. Drivers and trucking companies need to be held responsible for this sort of dangerous negligence. Call us for free legal advice 619-338-8230.
By working with a skilled trucking accident attorney from San Diego Injury Law Center, you will be getting the legal help you need to deal with complex litigation. The services of a trucking accident lawyer will be especially helpful if you have to deal with the attorneys of a trucking company or shipping company. These legal representatives tend to be rather tenacious, so it is important that you have someone on your side that will fight diligently for your legal rights. We have over 20 years of experience fighting insurance companies to make sure our clients receive a fair settlement. Your insurance company should offer a reasonable settlement that includes medical expenses and lost wages and our skilled accident attorneys are prepared to fight in court for you. Your top priority after a collision should be taking care of yourself and your family. Leave the rest to us.
Call San Diego Injury Law Center today to discuss your case. The initial consultation is free and we get nothing unless we win your case. We are available to meet you in our Mission Valley office or we can make arrangements to come to you. We not only practice personal injury; our attorneys have over a decade of trial experience. Since most personal injury attorneys work on a contingency fee, you should strongly consider hiring a law firm with successful trial experience who the insurance companies know are confident in filing a lawsuit and trying the case if required.
Federal laws and regulations govern the trucking industry. These laws establish certain standards that trucking companies, owners, and drivers must meet, and often determine who is responsible for a trucking accident. The bulk of federal regulations dealing with the trucking industry can be found in Title 49 of the Federal Regulations.
The trucking, hauling, and leasing companies often argue among themselves over whose insurance will compensate the victim. For example, the truck company might claim that the accident was caused by defective brakes. In turn, the brake company might then point the finger at the leasing company, claiming that it failed to maintain the brakes in good working order. Let San Diego Injury Law Center's team of Trucking Accident Attorneys handle your claim. We'll deal with the insurance companies so you don't have to. Call 619-338-8230.


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House Republican leaders are counting on the president to convince conservatives to back immigration legislation.
That's not the full story, however. While GOP leaders have worked closely with both factions, there is still no agreement between moderates and conservatives, and many senior Republicans say they're not convinced this "compromise" will pass.
Ryan's office was originally expected to release the draft bill Wednesday, but that timeline appeared to be slipping Wednesday afternoon. The proposal would allow more than 1 million Dreamers to eventually find a pathway to citizenship. The bill would also include $25 billion for Trump's border wall with Mexico, and safeguards to ensure that if any money for the wall is rescinded in the future by Democrats, Dreamers' pathway to the legal system would be shut off.
The bill would curb family migration and end the visa lottery program, transferring all of those visas to a new merit-based green-card program that Dreamers and other immigrants could apply for.
With those provisions, the plan aligns well with what Trump proposed earlier this year, which was rejected by a bipartisan Senate majority.
Still, some conservatives remain skeptical of the legislation. Republican Study Committee Chairman Mark Walker of North Carolina has mused that the new path to citizenship provided in the draft text, while concocted by a conservative in the Freedom Caucus, might be considered a "special" pathway. That's a toxic word for conservatives who are loath to give Dreamers preferred status over immigrants who came to the U.S. legally.
After Miller's meeting with the RSC, however, Walker seemed to warm to the new merit-based green-card program, though he said he still has a number of concerns he wanted to address.
"We're for keeping our powder dry at this point," Walker said, adding that he wants to learn more about whether Dreamers' parents could get legal status. "I like a merit-based immigration plan ... but that doesn't mean I have to greenlight everything else associated with this at this point."
Rep. Raúl Labrador (R-Idaho), himself an immigration hard-liner, also appeared to argue in favor of the proposal during the RSC meeting. Labrador, a Freedom Caucus member, was central to crafting the new bill, but it is unclear whether others in the caucus will follow him.
Some of the conference's most far-right members, including Meadows and House Freedom Caucus co-founder Jim Jordan (R-Ohio), have refused to endorse the compromise bill, at least until text is released. Still, Jordan touted the outcome as a win for conservatives, even if the leadership bill and a bill sponsored by Rep. Bob Goodlatte (R-Va.) fail on the House floor.
"The bill that we like is going to get voted on. And the bill that is a modified Goodlatte bill is going to get voted on as well," Jordan said. "Someone tell me why that's not a good outcome — a better outcome than the road we were headed down."
Meadows also threw cold water on the idea that the White House was backing the compromise bill despite Ryan's assertions Wednesday morning, noting the lack of legislative text.
Conservatives have also pushed hard to include E-Verify, a mandate requiring all businesses to verify the legal status of their workers. But GOP leaders and moderates argue that would complicate the bill and keep it from passing.
Moderates and conservatives continue to meet to try to reach a deal on the final legislative text.
Ryan's announcement late Tuesday night that the House would vote on immigration legislation next week abruptly halted a push from GOP moderates who were threatening to join with Democrats and force votes codifying the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program.
Lawmakers emerging from the GOP Conference on Wednesday morning predicted passage of whatever compromise emerges. Ross, who previously considered signing the moderates' discharge petition, said the entire exercise was successful in creating a process to trigger immigration votes, even if he didn't ultimately join his centrist colleagues.
Other discharge petition signers argued the same.
Some moderates were clearly feeling defensive for failing to garner the 218 signatures needed for their discharge petition. Rep. John Katko (R-N.Y.) told reporters that moderates had the signatures Tuesday night if they wanted them but decided not to add them, which was disputed by several moderate and leadership sources following the issue closely.
"We reached a compromise," Katko said — even though conservatives have not agreed to anything.
Public spin aside, many moderates tell POLITICO they feel discouraged, though some of them remain optimistic.
The centrists say conservatives have been unfairly tough in negotiations, and they're unhappy that leadership picked off their would-be petition signers who could help them force immigration votes. Their last hope is in getting a deal with conservatives — and that the president will help GOP leaders pass something.


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We aim to deal with calls within 30 minutes because we are a very busy service and we need to give as many people the opportunity to get through to us. However, if your situation is complex Helpline Workers will not terminate the call prematurely. Also, you are welcome to call us again if you wish.
We do not accept third party call requests. Please don't leave a message or email us asking us to call someone on your behalf, because it may not be safe to do so. If in doubt, please call us yourself to discuss your concerns about a friend, relative etc.
We aim to offer a helpline service of high quality and for that purpose we invest in the training and development of our staff. Helpline workers are offered monthly line management, clinical supervision, and monthly helpline team meetings. They also have the opportunity to de-brief after difficult or unusual calls and their views are taken into consideration in shaping policies and procedures.
The Men's Advice Line is a full member of the Helplines Partnership (https://helplines.org/) , the lead organisation for non-profit helplines in the UK and Ireland. The Men's Advice Line has been accredited twice by the Helplines Partnership (expired on 31 December 2017) and is in the process of going through assessment for re-accreditation.
We are keen to hear about what our callers think about the service we provide to them and we are committed to listening to their views.
Almost all the callers and email clients to the Men's Advice Line were extremely or very satisfied with the listening, understanding and helpfulness of the response they received from the worker.
Most of the callers and all of the email clients definitely or probably would recommend the helpline to another person in a similar situation, indicating a high level of overall satisfaction with the result of the call or email service.
Three quarters of the total number of callers and email clients to the Men's Advice Line had either already taken some action as a result of the call by the time of the survey (64.4% of total) or intended to (11.1% of total).


I've not felt too good over the last week or so, I blame it on this heat we're having and the fact it's too warm to crochet!
I know we shouldn't complain but I get ratty when I don't crochet, anyway, last week I did finish my gorgeous lost in time shawl, by @mijocrochet, although I need to weave in a few ends and block it before I post about it.
I have finally started my Little box of crochet from may! Oh my, it's stunning, and so meaningful this month, I'm not sure if any of you subscribe to these stunning boxes or not, or if you know about jenny but she sadly passed away in may, totally heartbreaking, only a few weeks later the May box came out 'Jenny's mandala' I could of kicked myself, because I had stopped my subscription for a month so that @lyndascraftroom and myself could get our project finished without distraction. I will never stop my sub again! I was lucky as after speaking to Amanda at the crochet retreat I was able to get the box I'd missed, but lesson learned I won't stop again.
I'm going to frame it when done, in a nice white box frame.
Ok so did anyone watch 'April Jones 5 years on' a few nights ago?
Isn't it stunning! So we're going to make a big batch on Saturday and get them sent to Aprils mum.
Ps. I think her favourite colour might of been pink!


I, Rob Beckett, CM of Orlando: Magic Kingdom propose that the following text be edited in the Sabbat Factions Packet (2017) to remove the promise of bonus XP.
"Those who first join the Jocastians as preexisting characters immediately gain a one time experience point bonus of 30 XP. Brand new characters made at the start as Jocastians gain instead an additional 100 experience point bonus. This points should be spent in knowledge based abilities and merits.
Additionally, New members of the Jocastians gain a recurring 2xp Bonus above the limited 8xp a month cap in OWbN. This bonus ends when the character has earned a total of 30xp in this manner. These points must as well be spent on Knowledge based abilities, backgrounds, and merits"
Furthermore, with the passing of this proposal, Jocastians will no longer recieve bonus XP for joining or creating a member of this group or on a semi-continuing basis as described above.
It is unfair to other players in the org that Jocastians are given additional XP either upon joining, character generation or on a recurring basis. Every character is bound to each XP at a rate of 8 points maximum per month and a starting maximum of +60.
Furthermore, this bonus XP is not reflected in the bylaws and any players/staffs may be subject to Disciplinary action for taking advantage of it. I understand that non-compliance in this instance is unintentional, and do not wish for people to inadvertently place themselves or their players at risk.
The amendment to this proposal closes the ability for Jocastians to receive bonus XP going forward at the suggestion of several council members in the companion proposal to this one.
The Malkavian Coordinator has publicly stated that they support these actions. As of the passing of http://www.owbn.net/votes/99661 on 5 July, the Malkavian Coordinator became administratively responsible for the Jocastians.
Saint Paul, MN - USA, Obsidian Towers For It is ridiculous that they should get more xp and benefits no other player gets.
Cedar Rapids, IA - USA, Five Nights Against It was passed as it was and it meant what it meant. CM's (and more importantly STs) need to pay more attention to what is voted upon in this org.
Worcester County, MA - USA, Quabbin Abstain Quabbin abstains from votes not related to our genre/game as policy.
Lancaster, OH - USA, Mountains Dark Heart For This has been a concern for many individuals in my games for a while. Thank you for looking into this issue and getting all of this written up.
Bloomington, IL - USA, Zephyr of Darkness Against We do not have any in our game. Does not affect us. But, this was passed through Council once already and voted to be allowed. And from the discussion... there have not been that many created, so we do not see it as an issue.


The City of Oakland is currently recruiting to fill one Recreation Program Director (Selective Certification - Boating & Science) vacancy within Oakland Parks, Recreation and Youth Development. Incumbents provide leadership for community based recreational programs and activities; and assist in the management of a recreation facility or city-wide program. The current position will oversee the City's boating centers and must have the experience and skills necessary to safely operate a wide variety of boats and teach boating skills and science curriculum to youth and adults and teach boating and science instruction skills to staff. The ideal candidate will have knowledge of specialized boating and science activities and sailing/operating small outboard-driven motorboats, pontoon boats and human powered boating (kayaks, canoes, pedal boats, dragon-boats, whale boats and rowboats).
This is a public contact position. Although no current vacancies require a specific language, the eligible list may be used to fill future vacancies that may require bilingual skills.
This recruitment is being announced in accordance with Section 5.03 of the Civil Service Rules. The eligible list generated from this announcement will only be used to fill Recreation Program Director positions specialized in Boating & Science, including full-time and permanent part-time positions, if applicable, and may be used to fill future vacancies with the same Selective Certification.
•Develop, coordinate and lead recreational and cultural arts activities which may include specialized programs and special events.
and services; participate in the formulation of plans, educational programs and activities.
•Prepare and distribute program information.
•May assign, schedule and direct part time staff and volunteers.
•Respond to citizen questions or complaints.
•Coordinate services and programs with neighborhood and community organizations.
•Conduct program registration and admit patrons to recreational facilities, programs and events.
•Inspect facility, equipment and supplies for compliance with safety standards and maintenance needs; recommend orders for recreation equipment, supplies and props, as needed.
•Maintain discipline in appropriate manner with patrons.
•Assist in maintaining records and reports.
•Oversee patron use of recreation equipment/facility in compliance with City rules and regulations.
•Follow department and facility procedures in securing park and recreational facility at closing time.
•Perform related duties as assigned.
•Teach and lead basic to advanced level boating and science programs, camps and classes; provide staff training in boating and science instruction skills as required.
•Write general descriptions of boating and science classes offered and create programs in the recreation database.
•Provide program information to the public.
•Coordinate special boating and science related events and programs; and conduct community outreach.
•Update science curriculum to match state educational standards.
•Maintain inventory and procure supplies for programs.
Any combination of education and experience that is equivalent to the following minimum qualifications is acceptable.
Graduation from college with a Bachelor's degree in recreation or a related field.
One year paid or volunteer experience in one or more areas of recreation programming or a related field.
For this selectively certified vacancy, special experience requirements include one year of demonstrated experience coordinating, facilitating, and managing specialized boating and science programs and activities. U.S. Sailing or ASA Sailing Instructor, Safe Powerboating, ACA Kayak or Canoe Instructor or Trip Leader certifications are highly desirable.
Possession of a valid California Driver's License may be required.
Ability to obtain a State of California For Hire Vessel Operators License within 6 months from date of hire.
Knowledge of:	•Principles, problems and techniques of community recreation and basics of physical fitness.
•Basic principles of lead supervision and training.
•Rules, practices and equipment used in recreational activities.
•Departmental safety standards and work practices.
•Human development and behavior; basic organizational and leadership skills.
•Basic records management and general office skills.
•Oral and written presentation skills; public relations skills.
Ability to:	•Plan, conduct, supervise and lead recreation programs and activities; assist in the management of a recreation facility or city-wide program.
•Promote and develop programs to meet local community needs.
•Organize community and provide leadership; work effectively in a diverse community.
•Communicate effectively in both oral and written form.
•Provide lead direction and training to assigned staff.
•Follow and promote safe work practices.
•Establish and maintain effective working relationships with those contacted in the performance of required duties.
Knowledge of:	•Specialized boating and science activities.
•Sailing/operating small outboard-driven motorboats, pontoon boats and human powered boating (kayaks, canoes, pedal boats, dragon-boats, whale boats and rowboats).
Ability to:	•Lead and engage students in recreational boating activities utilizing an experiential education curriculum outdoors and in the classroom.
Stage I: The first stage in the selection process will consist of a review of each applicant employment application, copies of certifications and signed supplemental questionnaire for minimum qualifications (weighted pass/fail). Applications submitted without all required materials will not be given further consideration.
Stage II: The second stage will consist of subject matter experts evaluating and rating the completed supplemental questionnaires. Applicant responses to the supplemental questions must demonstrate the knowledge, skills and abilities listed in the qualifications section of this announcement. The evaluation of supplemental questions may be weighted 100% of an applicant score (before residency and/or veteran points) and may determine rank on the eligible list. If a sufficient number of quality application packets are received, the supplemental screening may be followed by a third stage and the most qualified applicants will be invited to the next stage. Meeting the minimum qualifications does not guarantee advancement to Stage III.
Stage III: The third stage may consist of an oral examination that may be preceded by a brief written exercise (weighted 100%) and that will test the knowledge, skills and abilities listed in the qualifications section.
The ranked eligible list may be developed directly from the supplemental screening OR the results of Stage III. Candidates must earn a scale score of 70 in this examination process to be placed on the eligible list for employment consideration.
The City of Oakland reserves the right to modify the selection process as necessary to conform to administrative or business necessity.
If you do not have access to a computer, there are computer stations available at any City of Oakland Public Library. There are also work stations at the Human Resources Management Department, 150 Frank H. Ogawa Plaza, 2nd Floor, Oakland, CA 94612. Work stations are available during regular business hours (normally 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.).
Our on-line application system is provided by NeoGov. If you have problems while applying online, please contact NeoGov's Live Applicant Support at (855) 524-5627 between 6:00 AM and 5:00 PM Pacific Time, Monday - Friday.
You may also call the City of Oakland Human Resources Management Department during regular business hours at (510) 238-3112 for information; however, we are unable to provide technical support for the online application system.
The City of Oakland is an EEO/ADA Employer.


This weekend is open to ALL HCYC members. It is an opportunity for us to provide training for our new recruits and welcome established members to have fun and refresh their sailing skills.
PRO/AM Race. There will be 2 races 10:30 and 11:30 followed by a 20min short race for regular sailors and the new trainees who will have completed their theory during the morning.


text:
Q: Web API Caching - How to implement Invalidation using a distributed cache I have an API that currently does not use any caching. I do have one piece of Middleware that I am using that generates cache headers (Cache-Control, Expires, ETag, Last-Modified - using the https://github.com/KevinDockx/HttpCacheHeaders library). It does not store anything as it only generates the headers.
When an If-None-Match header is passed to the API request, the middleware checks the Etag value passed in vs the current generated value and if they match, sends a 304 not modified as the response (httpContext.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status304NotModified;)
I'm using a Redis cache and I'm not sure how to implement cache invalidation. I used the Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Redis package in my project. I installed Redis locally and used it in my controller as below:
[AllowAnonymous]
[ProducesResponseType(200)]
[Produces("application/json", "application/xml")]
public async Task<IActionResult> GetEvents([FromQuery] ParameterModel model)
        {
            var cachedEvents = await _cache.GetStringAsync("events");
            IEnumerable<Event> events = null;

            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(cachedEvents))
            {
                events = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<IEnumerable<Event>>(cachedEvents);
            }
            else
            {
                events = await _eventRepository.GetEventsAsync(model);
                string item = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(events, new JsonSerializerSettings()
                {
                    ReferenceLoopHandling = ReferenceLoopHandling.Ignore
                });
                await _cache.SetStringAsync("events", item);
            }

            var eventsToReturn = _mapper.Map<IEnumerable<EventViewDto>>(events);
            return Ok(eventsToReturn);
        }

Note that _cache here is using IDistributedCache. This works as the second time the request is hitting the cache. But when the Events I am fetching are modified, it does not take the modified values into account. It serves up the same value without doing any validation.
My middlware is setup as:
Cache Header Middleware -> MVC. So the cache headers pipeline will first compare the Etag value sent by the client and either decides to forward the request to MVC or short circuits it with a 304 not modified response.
My plan was to add a piece of middleware prior to the cache header one (i.e. My Middleware -> Cache Header Middleware -> MVC) and wait for a response back from the cache header middleware and check if the response is a 304. If 304, go to the cache and retrieve the response. Otherwise update the response in the cache.
Is this the ideal way of doing cache invalidation? Is there a better way of doing it? With above method, I'll have to inspect each 304 response, determine the route, and have some sort of logic to verify what cache key to use. Not sure if that is the best approach.
If you can provide some guidelines and documentation/tutorials on cache invalidation, that would be really helpful.

A: Here is a guideline based on how a service I support uses cache invalidation on a CQRS system.
The command system receives create, update, delete requests from clients.  The request is applied to Origin.  The request is broadcast to listeners.
A separate invalidation service exists and subscribes to the change list.  When a command event is received, the configured distributed caches are examined for the item in the event.  A couple of different actions are taken based on the particular system.
The first option is the Invalidation service removes the item from a distributed cache.  Subsequently consumers of the services sharing the distributed cache will eventually suffer a cache miss, retrieve the item from storage and add the latest version of the item to the distributed cache.  In this scenario there is a race condition between all of the discreet machines in the services and Origin may receive multiple requests for the same item in a short window.  If the item is expensive to retrieve this can strain Origin.  But the Invalidation scenario is very simple.
The second option is the Invalidation service makes a request to one of the services using the same distributed cache and asks the service to ignore cache and get the latest version of the item from Origin.  This addresses the potential spike for multiple discreet machines calling Origin.  But it means the Invalidation service is more tightly coupled to the other related services.  And the service now has an API that allows a caller to bypass its caching strategy.  Access to the uncached API would need to be secured to just the Invalidation service and other authorized callers.
In either case, all of the discreet machines that use the same redis database also subscribe to the command change list.  Any individual machine just processes changes locally by removing items from its local cache.  No error exists if the item is not present.  The item will be refreshed from redis or Origin on the next request.  For hot items, this means multiple requests to Origin could still be received from any machine that has removed the hot item and redis has not yet been updated.  It can be beneficial for the discreet machines to locally "cache" and "item being retrieved" task that all subsequent request can await rather than calling Origin.
In addition to the discreet machines and a shared redis, the Invalidation logic also extends to Akamai and similar content distribution networks.  Once the redis cache has been invalidated, the Invalidation routine uses the CDN APIs to flush the item.  Akamai is fairly well-behaved and if configured correctly makes a relatively small number of calls to Origin for the updated item.  Ideally the service has already retrieved the item and copies exist in both discreet machines local caches and the shared redis.  CDN invalidation can be another source of spikes of requests if not anticipated and designed correctly.
In redis, from the discreet machines sharing it, a design that uses redis to indicate an item is being refreshed can also shield origin from multiple requests for the same item.  A simple counter whose key is based on the item ID and the current time interval rounded to the nearest minute, 30 seconds, etc. can use the redis INCR command the machines that gets the count of 1 access Origin while all others wait.
Finally, for hot items, it can be helpful to have a Time To Refresh value attached to the item.  If all payloads have a wrapper similar to below, then when an item is retrieved and its refresh time has passed, the called performs a background refresh of the item.  For hot items this means they will be refreshed from cache before their expiration.  For a system with heavy reads and low volumes of writes, caching items for an hour with a refresh time of something less than an hour means the hot items will generally stay in redis.
Here is a sample wrapper for cached items.  In all cases it is assumed that the caller knows type T based on the item key being requested.  The actual payload written to redis is assumed to be a byte array serialized and possibly gzip-ed.  The SchemaVersion provide a hint to how the redis string is created.
interface CacheItem<T> {
  String Key {get; }
  DateTimeOffset ExpirationTime {get; }
  DateTimeOffset TimeToRefresh {get; }
  Int SchemaVersion {get;}
  T Item {get; }
}

When storing
var redisString = Gzip.Compress(NetDataContractSerializer.Serialize(cacheItem))
When retrieving the item is recreated by the complementary uncompress and deserialize methods.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Our Revolution Endorses Three Candidates for Virginia House of Delegates
WASHINGTON-- On Monday Our Revolution endorsed three candidates for Virginia's House of Delegates: Elizabeth Guzman (HD 31), Lee Carter (HD 50), and Ken Boddye (HD 51).
"The political decisions that most directly impact the day-to-day life of individuals often occur at the local level -- which is why we're focused on elevating strong progressives who are working towards change in their own backyards," said Executive Director Shannon Jackson. "All three candidates have demonstrated a strong commitment to representing the interests of Virginians and empowering community members to engage politically. We're honored to endorse these candidates for Virginia's House of Delegates."
The race for Virginia's House of Delegates could be a pivotal moment in shifting power to progressives and grassroots organizers. All three endorsed candidates are being primaried by establishment Democrats.
The candidates:
Elizabeth Guzman immigrated to Northern Virginia from Peru as a single mother looking for a better future for her children. Guzman juggled multiple jobs to pay her way through college and graduate school and now serves as social services manager the City of Alexandria. If she wins, Guzman will be the first Latina woman elected to the Virginia house of delegates. Guzman's platform includes an emphasis on expanding Medicaid, creating early childhood education programs, offering more support programs to veterans, and increasing the minimum wage.
Lee Carter came to Virginia with his wife and daughter in 2011 after completing five years of service in the U.S. Marine Corps. Carter now works as an IT specialist in Manassas. An active member of the Manassas City Democratic Committee, Carter spends much of his time working as a community organizer and activist – particularly in the areas of affordable housing and worker protections. Carter's priorities as a delegate include expanding access to affordable housing and transportation options from Prince George's County to Arlington and Alexandria.
Ken Boddye has proven his commitment to social justice through his extensive work volunteering and organizing in Woodbridge and surrounding areas. In addition to working as a community association insurance underwriter and marketer, Boddye is a member of the NAACP and mentor to students. Boddye is offering smart and sustainable solutions ranging from access to public transportation to developing smarter climate regulations in his platform.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home Arts	Testing the controversiality of sexuality through human interaction with technology
Testing the controversiality of sexuality through human interaction with technology
by Ana Lucia Londono Flores February 19, 2019
Concordia graduate, Katherina Illenseer creates art to feel at ease with sexuality
Pleasure Receptors, an interactive installation that opened at Eastern Bloc Thursday evening, contains four stations, each representing a female or male body, covered in sensors and connected through wires to the body. For the body to reach orgasm, each station has to be touched by a person. The sculpted body produces sounds and light when it is turned on, allowing the audience to become part of the performance as they interact with the work.
Featuring Anna Eyler and Concordia graduates Renée Lamothe and Katharina Illenseer, Female Futures explores people's relationships with the body and sexuality.
Illenseer is a contemporary new media artist, and her practice involves computation, programming, video and sound. Her interactive installation, Pleasure Receptors explores femininity and intimacy between the human body and technology. Pleasure Receptors shows the way the body can reach an orgasm, while reacting to different forms of interaction.
"I took computation arts at Concordia, exploring different technologies and media," said Illenseer. "I was interested to work with sound, sculpture, electronics and programming so the project really incorporates all of that, and it was about material practices as well."
Pleasure Receptors by Katharina Illenseer questions the public's level of comfort with sexuality, inviting them to grope and touch sculptures made of silicone acrylic and wood. Photo by Hannah Ewen.
The main purpose behind Illenseer's work is to push people out of their comfort zone; to see friends interact with the body parts and even strangers use technology to give the sculpted body an orgasm. The piece is also a way for the audience to feel at ease with their sexuality and tries to normalize sex by making it less controversial.
I was thinking about how our own sexual needs and desires are so connected to technology and rely on that. So I wanted to subvert that idea and make a machine that was going to rely on human interaction in order for it to reach a climax," said Illenseer.
Most of Illenseer's body of work deals with sex and gender. As a shy person, she is often uncomfortable presenting the subject, but the exhibition helped her get out of her comfort zone.
"A lot of the time, people are timid to touch things and interact with them, but the more you see other people doing it, the more it gives the person security to feel comfortable about touching and interacting with the body," said Illenseer. "I think it's interesting to see one person awkwardly going and touching the sculpture. The interaction is very sexual, but also funny."
Illenseer's consent sheet. Photographed by Hannah Ewen.
Illenseer also created a consent sheet, which outlines the way the sculpted body liked to be touched. Interested in how technology, such as the internet may depend on human interaction, the artist wanted to create a project that visitors would be allowed to touch.
Illenseer is working on another project, in which she will recycle the material from the exhibition and create another artwork that will incorporate more video and sound.
"I'm really new to the scene and I'm really stepping out there," Illenseer said. "It's exciting to create work that's under my own deadlines and completely free to explore instead of having set projects."
Until March 2, Female Futures will be open at Eastern Bloc (7240 Clark St.) from 5 p.m. to 8 p.m. every Tuesday, Thursday and Friday, and from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. on weekends.
Art and sexualityEastern BlocFemale Futuressexuality
Ana Lucia Londono Flores
Using photography to illuminate contemporary issues
Adulation over accolades


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In BriefIN THIS ISSUE
Move It on Out with MATEs
Nancy A. Eckardt
Published July 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.13.7.1477
Multidrug transporters form a large class of membrane proteins present in the cells of most organisms. These proteins bind to a variety of potentially cytotoxic compounds and remove them from the cell in an ATP- or proton-dependent process (Zhelenova et al., 2000). Traditionally, multidrug transporters have been divided into four superfamilies: the ATP binding cassette (ABC) superfamily, the major facilitator superfamily, the small multidrug resistance family, and the resistance-nodulation-cell division family. Brown et al. (1999) defined a fifth family, called the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family of transporters. The MATE family is characterized by the presence of 12 putative transmembrane segments and by the absence of "signature sequences" specific to the other multidrug transporter superfamilies. MATE proteins are believed to function as proton-dependent efflux transporters, based on the genetic characterization of two family members, NorM from Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its homolog YdeH from Escherichia coli. Expression of these proteins in E. coli confers resistance to various antibiotics and antimicrobial agents that is dependent on the maintenance of a proton gradient across the plasma membrane. MATE genes are abundant in bacteria and plants—the Arabidopsis genome contains at least 54 MATE family members—but have not been found in mammals. Aside from NorM and YdeH, very little functional information is available on these proteins.
In this issue of The Plant Cell, Diener et al. (pages 1625–1637) describe the functional analysis of the MATE gene ALF5 in Arabidopsis. The alf5 mutant exhibits greatly inhibited formation of lateral roots when grown in commercial Bacto agar (Figure 1). Interestingly, it was found that the mutant produced roots that were indistinguishable from wild-type roots when grown in soil, in a different brand of agar, or in extensively washed Bacto agar, suggesting that the alf5 mutation caused sensitivity to a soluble contaminant present in the Bacto agar. The alf5 locus was cloned and found to contain a 29-bp deletion in a gene, ALF5, that encodes a MATE family integral membrane protein. Gene expression analysis using AFL5 fused to the β-glucuronidase reporter gene in transgenic plants indicated that the ALF5 gene is highly expressed in the root epidermis and cortex. In addition, expression of ALF5 in yeast conferred resistance to the toxic cation tetramethylammonium, supporting the conclusion that ALF5 is a functional MATE efflux transporter.
Roots of Wild-Type (Top) and alf5 Mutant Plants Grown in a Commercial Agar.
As a result of the disruption of the ALF5 gene, which encodes a MATE family efflux transporter, the roots of the mutant are sensitive to a contaminant in the agar. The figure was provided by Gerald Fink.
PLANTS AS "GREEN LIVERS"
Plant cells, like the cells of most organisms, are capable of removing a large number of potentially toxic compounds from the cytoplasm. In plants, these compounds are either sequestered in vacuoles or transported to the cell wall. Toxic compounds may be of xenobiotic origin or produced endogenously (e.g., phenolics, flavonoids, and phytoalexins). The bronze-colored phenotype of the Bronze2 mutation in maize, for example, is caused by the inability of the mutant to transport anthocyanin from the cytosol to the vacuoles. Bronze2 encodes a glutathione transferase (Marrs et al., 1995), and the mutant is unable to carry out conjugation of anthocyanin with glutathione, a necessary step before transport of conjugated glutathione to the vacuole.
Sandermann (1992) likened plant metabolism of toxic compounds to that of the mammalian liver because of the presence and activity of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and glutathione transferases, which resemble the two major enzyme systems of the liver. Plant cytochrome P450s and glutathione transferases are involved in the first two phases of detoxification of a number of polychlorinated and polycyclic hydrocarbons and related xenobiotic compounds as well as endogenous toxins. In phase I, cytochrome P450s prepare a substrate for phase II via hydroxylation, and phase II glutathione transferases carry out the conjugation of the hydroxylated compound to reduced glutathione. Subsequently, phase III involves the transport of the glutathione conjugate out of the cytoplasm to the vacuole or cell wall. There is good evidence that multidrug transporters of the ABC superfamily are involved in the transport of glutathione conjugates in plant cells (Rea et al., 1998; Theodoulou, 2000). Sandermann (1992) described plants as "green livers" that might act as a global sink for environmental pollutants of this nature. The presence of MATE efflux proteins in plants, which are presumed to carry out transport of lipophilic cations and related compounds that are not glutathione conjugates, broadens the scope of this concept and opens up more possibilities for plant biotechnology.
EVOLUTIONARY PLANT TRICKS
Despite the wide range of chemically and structurally distinct substrates for multidrug transporters, transporters of all five superfamilies show a preference for hydrophobic (lipophilic) cations, such as quaternary ammonium antiseptics (Stermitz et al., 2000). Lipophilic cations, such as berberine alkaloids, are commonly produced by plants. Lewis (1999) proposed that berberine alkaloids represent a larger group of cationic toxins that fueled the evolution of microbial multidrug transporters. Interestingly, Stermitz et al. (2000) found that several plant species in the genus Berberis, which produce berberine, also produce an inhibitor of multidrug transporters, identified as 5′-methoxyhydnocarpin. Berberine exhibited relatively weak antimicrobial action, presumably because of its efflux from bacterial cells by multidrug transporters. 5′-Methoxyhydnocarpin had no antimicrobial activity alone, but it strongly potentiated the action of berberine and other toxins against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. This finding suggests that the main function of some microbial multidrug transporters is resistance against plant-produced antimicrobial compounds.
Aside from plant–pathogen interactions, one habitat in which bacteria are likely to encounter toxic plant compounds is in root nodules. In Rhizobium etli, multidrug transporters have been found to play an important role in nodulation of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). RmrA encodes an R. etli multidrug efflux pump gene that is induced by flavonoids released from the roots of P. vulgaris, and mutations in this gene were found to reduce nodulation in the bean by an average of 40% (Gonzalez-Pasayo and Martinez-Romero, 2000).
Another habitat in which bacteria might commonly encounter plant toxins is in the stomachs of herbivores. In E. coli, the transcription repressor MarR binds various phenolic compounds such as salicylate and regulates the expression of two multidrug transporters to produce a more effective efflux pump system. Sulavik et al. (1995) suggested that drug resistance in E. coli is thus enhanced when the bacteria reside in an omnivore gut rich in plant antimicrobial compounds.
DIVERSITY OF FUNCTIONS FOR MULTIDRUG TRANSPORTERS
It is apparent that multidrug transporters constitute large superfamilies in plants, as in other organisms. The Arabidopsis genome contains at least 60 open reading frames for ABC transporters (Davies and Coleman, 2000). As with the less well known MATE family, the function of the majority of these genes is unknown, but characterization of a few family members suggests a multiplicity of functions in plant growth and development within the superfamily, in addition to their role in the transport of xenobiotic compounds.
Sidler et al. (1998) showed that an Arabidopsis ABC transporter, AtPGP1, is involved in the regulation of hypocotyl elongation during photomorphogenesis. Under certain light conditions, plants overexpressing PGP1 developed longer hypocotyls, whereas plants with inhibited expression of PGP1 produced shorter hypocotyls compared with the wild type. Hypocotyl elongation in the dark was unaffected by alterations in PGP1 expression. In wild-type plants, the AtPGP1 gene was found to be expressed in the plasma membrane of root and shoot apices, and the authors proposed that AtPGP1 is involved in the transport of a signal molecule, such as a peptide hormone, from the shoot apical region.
Some mammalian ABC transporters, such as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR), have been shown to act as ion channels and/or channel regulators. CFTR functions as an outwardly rectifying Cl− channel that also regulates other ion channels, and the SUR acts as an ATP- dependent K+ channel (Theodoulou, 2000). Some researchers have begun to look for such activity among ABC transporters in plants and have found evidence that ABC proteins may function as ion channel regulators in guard cells. Gaedeke et al. (2001) and Leonhardt et al. (1999) have investigated a slow ion channel in Arabidopsis guard cells that shows CFTR-like characteristics and that may coordinate the efflux of K+ and other ions during stomatal closure.
The MATE transporter superfamily also may cover a diverse range of functions in plant growth and development. Debeaujon et al. (2001) recently reported that the TRANSPARENT TESTA12 (TT12) gene encodes another MATE family member in Arabidopsis. The function of TT12 appears to be in controlling the vacuolar sequestration of flavonoids in the seed coat (testa) endothelium. Because of their high chemical reactivity, flavonoids are toxic endogenous compounds that must be removed from the cytoplasm after their synthesis and sequestered in the vacuole or cell wall. There is evidence that they function as protectants against UV light damage, oxidative stress, and pathogen attack. The mutant seeds, lacking the function of the TT12 MATE protein, appear to be unable to transport and accumulate flavonoids in the vacuoles of the seed coat endothelium. The seeds are pale in color and also show reduced seed dormancy, supporting the idea that flavonoids play an important role in seed biology (Winkel-Shirley, 1998). Thus, it appears that we can expect a multiplicity of functions in growth and development for the many other plant MATE family members. Surprisingly, Diener et al. found a second open reading frame at the alf5 locus, LAL5, which lies immediately downstream of ALF5 and encodes a polypeptide with 83% identity to ALF5. It is not known if LAL5 is expressed, and this needs to be determined, but the authors reported that the gene appeared to be intact in the alf5 mutant. If the gene were expressed, it would appear to be functionally distinct from ALF5.
The discovery of multidrug sensors that regulate the expression of some microbial multidrug transporters suggests that the main function of these transporters is the efflux of xenobiotic toxins (Lewis, 1999). At least three multidrug sensors have been identified. BmrR is a transcription factor in Bacillus subtilis that activates the expression of the multidrug transporter gene Bmr in response to binding a number of hydrophobic cations, many of which are also substrates of the Bmr protein. In S. aureus, the QacA multidrug transporter gene is repressed by QacR, and binding of QacR to various cations induces QacA expression. And in E. coli, repression of the EmrAB transporter gene is relieved by binding of the EmrR repressor to various neutral compounds. It is interesting to speculate that multidrug sensors also will be found to control the expression of plant transporter genes such as ALF5, whose principal function appears to be the efflux of toxic compounds.
↵ 1 neckardt{at}aspp.org
Brown, M.H., Paulsen, I.T., and Skurray, R.A. (1999). The multidrug efflux protein NorM is a prototype of a new family of transporters. Mol. Microbiol.31,393 –395.
Davies, T.G.E., and Coleman, J.O.D. (2000). The Arabidopsis thaliana ATP-binding cassette proteins: An emerging superfamily. Plant Cell Environ.23,431 –443.
Debeaujon, I., Peeters, A.J.M., Léon-Kloosterziel, K.M., and Koornneef, M. (2001). The TRANSPARENT TESTA12 gene of Arabidopsis encodes a multidrug secondary transporter-like protein required for flavonoid sequestration in vacuoles of the seed coat endothelium.Plant Cell 13 ,853 –871.
Diener, A.C., Gaxiola, R.A., and Fink, G.R. (2001). Arabidopsis ALF5, a multidrug efflux transporter gene family member, confers resistance to toxins. Plant Cell13,1625 –1637.
Gaedeke, N., Klein, M., Kolukisaoglu, U., Forestier, C., Muller, A., Ansorge, M., Becker, D., Mamnun, Y., Kuchler, K., Schulz, B., Mueller-Roeber, B., and Martinoia, E. (2001). The Arabidopsis thaliana ABC transporter AtMRP5 controls root development and stomata movement. EMBO J.20,1875 –1887.
Gonzalez-Pasayo, R., and Martinez-Romero, E. (2000). Multiresistance genes of Rhizobium etli CFN42.Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact.13 ,572 –577.
Leonhardt, N., Vavasseur, A., and Forestier, C. (1999). ATP binding cassette modulators control abscisic acid–regulated slow anion channels in guard cells. Plant Cell11,1141 –1151.
Lewis, K. (1999). In search of natural substrates and inhibitors of MDR pumps. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol.3,247 –254.
Marrs, K.A., Alfenito, M.R., Lloyd, A.M., and Walbot, V. (1995). A glutathione S-conjugate transferase involved in vacuolar transfer encoded by the maize Bronze-2. Nature375,397 –400.
Rea, P.A., Li, Z.-S., Lu, Y.-P., and Drozdowicz, Y.M. (1998). From vacuolar GS-X pumps to multispecific ABC transporters. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol.49,727 –760.
Sandermann, H. (1992). Plant metabolism of xenobiotics. Trends Biochem. Sci.17,82 –84.
Sidler, M., Hassa, P., Hasan, S., Ringli, C., and Dudler, R. (1998). Involvement of an ABC transporter in a developmental pathway regulating hypocotyl cell elongation in the light.Plant Cell 10 ,1623 –1636.
Stermitz, F.R., Lorenz, P., Tawara, J.N., Zenewicz, L.A., and Lewis, K. (2000). Synergy in a medicinal plant: Antimicrobial action of berberine potentiated by 5′-methoxyhydnocarpin, a multidrug pump inhibitor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA97,1433 –1437.
Sulavik, M.C., Gambino, L.F., and Miller, P.F. (1995). The MarR repressor of the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) operon in Escherichia coli: A prototypic member of a family of bacterial regulatory proteins involved in sensing phenolic compounds.Mol. Med. 1 ,436 –446.
Theodoulou, F.L. (2000). Plant ABC transporters. Biochim. Biophys. Acta1465,79 –103.
Winkel-Shirley, B. (1998). Flavonoids in seeds and grains: Physiological function, agronomic importance and the genetics of biosynthesis. Seed Sci. Res.8,415 –422.
Zhelenova, E.E., Markham, P., Edgar, R., Bibi, E., Neyfakh, A.A., and Brennan, R.G. (2000). A structure-based mechanism for drug binding by multidrug transporters. Trends Biochem. Sci.25,39 –43.
You are going to email the following Move It on Out with MATEs
The Plant Cell Jul 2001, 13 (7) 1477-1480; DOI: 10.1105/tpc.13.7.1477
Photomorphogenesis, B-Box Transcription Factors, and the Legacy of Magnus Holm
On the Habits of Transposons: Dissociation Mapping in Maize and Megabase Sequencing in Wheat Reveal Site Preferences, Distribution, and Evolutionary History
Tissue-Specific siRNAs That Silence CHS Genes in Soybean
Show more IN THIS ISSUE


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Logone är en flod i Tchad, med källor i Centralafrikanska republiken och Kamerun. Den är cirka 390 km lång och förenar sig med Chari vid N'Djamena. I floden finns gott om fisk. Logone utgör en del av gränsen mellan Tchad och Kamerun.

Källor

Vattendrag i Tchad
Vattendrag i Kamerun
Vattendrag i Centralafrikanska republiken
Tchadsjöns avrinningsområde

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Focus Tracker for Pick up Group [PuG] / Group Finder groups! Now you can see if your healer needs Focus "mana" or not!
Inspired by Skada, GalaxyMeter is an initial attempt at tracking damage, healing, and other important details of encounters.


Chanel Bags first surfaced on Chictopia's streetstyle gallery in Spring 2008 seen on Garland blogger pauline of avant-lard.blogspot.com. She wore her Chanel bag with a Lux vest, rock and republic jeans, and Christian Louboutin shoes. Since then, Chanel Bags have grown in popularity as bloggers from Los Angeles, London, and Adelaide have discovered them. Chanel Bags are generally seen in chic, casual, and classic style. Popular types of Chanel Bags are 2.55, vintage bag, 255, quilted, and vintage. Blogger's favorite colors are black, red, white, and beige.
There are currently 4691 streetstyle photos of bloggers wearing Chanel Bags. Most recently, blogger PamHetlinger of thegirlfrompanama.com rocked her black Chanel chanel bag with a white Cynthia Vincent black and white sandals, black asos off the shoulder top, and olive green Forever 21 olive skirt.


7. My cousins are basically my sister's and I adore them.
10. I love football. I support Liverpool, and have done since I was about 10. The only reason I picked Liverpool was because I was obsessed with Michael Owen. My Dad was an Everton supporter but didn't mind me picking Liverpool as he was just happy I liked football!
12. I love all animals but my favourite animals are donkeys and owls. I will own a donkey (or 2) of my own in the future.
16. The other country I love is Italy. This is where we spent 3 weeks for our honeymoon travelling the length of Italy.
18. I adore my family. I have 2 nephews & 1 niece. I lost my I lost my Dad when I was 16 so family is extremely important to me.


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Olof Andersson, född 14 mars 1818 i Norsjö, Västerbottens län död 19 juni 1892 i Norsjö, Västerbottens län, var en svensk amatörorgelbyggare och bonde i Bjurträsk, Norsjö socken. Han byggde orglar i Luleå stift och en del tillsammans med brodern Johan Andersson Ask.

Biografi
Olof föddes 14 mars 1818 i Bjurträsk nr 2, Norsjö socken. Han var son till bonden Anders Johansson och Anna Greta Olofsdotter. Familjen bosatte 1845 sig på Bjurträsk 2. Omkring 1885 tar sonen Karl Fredrik Norén över gården. Olof Andersson avlider 19 juni 1892 på Bjurträsk av lunginflammation och han begravs den 24 juni samma år.

Orgelbyggare Nils Oskar Alm arbetar som dräng på gården mellan 1868 och 1869.

Orglar

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Svenska orgelbyggare
Personer inom Sveriges näringsliv under 1800-talet
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Personer från Norsjö socken
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Svenska orgelbyggare under 1800-talet


Born 22 September 1892 at Launceston, Tas.
Of 5 Little Arthur Street, Hobart, Tas.
Enlisted: 3 July 1918 at Launceston, Tas.
Of 12 Sevan Lane, South Melbourne, Vic.
Of 64 Harris Street, North Melbourne, Vic.
Enlisted 29 August 1914 at Pontville, Tas.
Of 125 George Street, Launceston, Tas.
Enlisted 10 December 1914 at Claremont, Tas.
Of 29 French St., Launceston, Tas.
Of Wielangta, East Coast, Tas.
Enlisted 16 February 1916 at Claremont, Tas.
Enlisted 16 March 1916 at Claremont, Tas.
Of 44 Jolly Street, Zeehan, Tas.
Of 10 Arthur Street, North Hobart, Tas.
Of Princes Street, Sandy Bay, Hobart, Tas.
Of 87 Princess Street, Sandy Bay, Hobart, Tas.
Of 55 King Street, Sandy Bay, Hobart, Tas.
Of 256 Bathurst Street, Hobart, Tas.
Of 55 King Street, Sandy Bay, Tas.
Of 109 Bathurst Street, Hobart, Tas.
Resided 28 Lower Collins Street, Hobart, Tas.
Born July 1893, Hobart Tas.
Enlisted Claremont 13th September 1915.
Left Australia on 5th January 1916.
Originally allocated to 12th Battalion but transferred to 51st Battalion in January 1916.
Left the UK on 6th June 1919 and returned to Australia on HMAT Commonwealth.


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Home » Old Maps of Liverpool » 1836: MA Gage's Trigonometrical Plan of Liverpool
1836: MA Gage's Trigonometrical Plan of Liverpool
This is the most detailed of the early maps I have on this website. It's a board map mounted on cloth (and you can see the seams!). Because of its early age the map shows Liverpool as a moderate-sized but tightly packed town. Dozens of familiar roads are there in the centre, and the general layout will be familiar to anyone who knows the modern city's layout.
However, I think this captures Liverpool at a very interesting point in its history. In the early part of the 19th century it was only really beginning its huge growth. Even on this map it's evident that the outskirts are still under construction. This map has caught some areas with only half-completed streets, or isolated churches. Only later would they evolve into the widespread and tightly-knit terraces that we know existed into the 20th century.
Partially completed streets on Gage's 1836 map of Liverpool
Other parts of the city show a different view to the one we're familiar with today. At the Old Haymarket (where the Queensway Tunnel entrance is today) there are dozens of buildings. This is the area now at the base of St John's Gardens, and they are marked St John's Village.
St John's Village at the Old Haymarket
Further to the east Lime Street is marked with 'Intended Entrance to the Liverpool and Manchester Railway'. This spot, and Gloucester Street, would later be covered by Lime Street Station and the North Western Hotel. The railway arrived in the very year this map was published, 1836, and the station would gradually cover more streets as it expanded over the century. (Thanks to @vrsimility on Twitter for pointing this out!)
Future site of Lime Street Station on Gage's map of 1836
The Adelphi hotel on this map is the first to have been built on the site, and was converted from two townhouses. On this map it is a much smaller building than it would become, with quite a few buildings behind it up to Hawke Street, which the Adelphi now backs onto.
The first Adelphi Hotel
A detailed look at pre-Victorian Liverpool history
Away from the landmarks, this map gives unrivalled detail of housing. You can see in places like Lime Street and Vauxhall tiny terraces and court housing which were to become a characteristic feature of the city. These small dwellings, especially the court houses, were small and unsanitary, and would be swept away little over 100 years later. But this map shows only a fraction had been built by 1836, and many thousands more were to come.
Terraced housing near Lime Street
Court housing in Vauxhall
This is in stark contrast to the large dwellings in more fashionable (and at that time out-of-town) areas with their large villas and spacious gardens. It was a blog about Liverpool Museum's Galkoff's project which first drew my attention to this map. Long before the Jewish butchers' shop was built on Pembroke Place, Gage's map shows incredibly detailed drawings of the paths and trees in the gardens of the villas here.
Pembroke Place, showing large villas with gardens in high detail
It's worth noting that this was before the famine which brought huge numbers of people from Ireland. In the grand sweep of Liverpool history, Gage's map was published just on the cusp of the great population explosion which was to transform the town into the second city of Empire.


text:
//Implement a set of extension methods for IEnumerable<T> that implement the following group functions: sum, product, min, max, average
namespace IEnumerable
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;

    using Extensions;

    public class TestMainIEnum
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            IEnumerable<double> numbers = new double[] { 2.1, 4.2, 5.2, 2.5 };

            Console.WriteLine("Collection : ");
            foreach (var element in numbers)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0}",element);
            }
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("The sum of all numbers is : {0}", numbers.Sum());
            Console.WriteLine("The product of all numbers is : {0}", numbers.Product());
            Console.WriteLine("The min of all numbers is : {0}", numbers.Min());
            Console.WriteLine("The max of all numbers is : {0}", numbers.Max());
            Console.WriteLine("The average of all numbers is : {0}", numbers.Average());
            Console.WriteLine();

        }
    }
}

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Nursing accountability are the main cornerstones of making
Home / Bibliography / Nursing accountability are the main cornerstones of making
Nursing practice has evolved in the recent times, the main reason is nursing has identified itself as a profession and the complex medical systems have necessitated the growth. Professionalism is defined as the conceptualization of responsibilities, qualities, relations, attitudes, and role behaviors required of professionals in delivery of services to individual clients and to the society.
Professionalism attributes include knowledge, essence of inquiry, accountability, autonomy, advocacy, collaboration and collegiality, and ethics Fantahun,et al(2014).The intent of this discussion is to critically discuss how professionalism and delivery of nursing care has been greatly influenced by ethical and legal issues. Responsibility and accountability are the main cornerstones of making sound ethical decisions by professionals. "A nurse or a midwife should be able to give reasons for the decisions they make in their professional practice and should justify their decisions in the context of legislation, professional standards and guidelines, evidence-based practice and professional and ethical conduct".NMBI(2014 pp19).Additionally ,An bord altranis stated that a nurse is legally accountable both legally and professionally for their practice, that is, for the decisions they make and the consequences of those decisions.This has created more vigilance on ethical and legal concepts among nurses,regulatory bodies and organisations and lead to excellence in delivery of quality care to patients.
Mertens(2010),stressed that emphasis quality care is vital when it comes to legal issues and ethical decision making.PROFESSIONALISM IN NURSINGProfessionalism is vital to the protection of the public and individuals in the care delivery by nurses. It can be defined as the knowledge, values, attitudes, and behaviors required to be a nurse Griffith et al (2013). Subsequently, Paulsen (2017) stated that the health care sector has undergone profound change during the last century, both in terms of what can be done (medically) and what can not be done (ethically).
Fantahun et al (2012) furthermore, stated that professionalism is a multi-dimensional concept; there is no definite way to describe it, or how to assess .It underpins the integrity that is essential to public trust in nursing as a profession who through their actions must uphold that trust and reputation through professional behavior as stated by Griffith, ( 2017). Nursing as a profession has a social mandate to provide distinctive service and that substantiates the publication of frameworks and guidelines by regulatory bodies such as code of conduct and scope of practice. Various factors contribute to professionalisation in nursing as discussed below.
Professionalism is commonly associated with competence it is elucidated in the code of conduct as the ability of the nurse or midwife to practice safely and effectively fulfilling their professional responsibility within their scope of practice NMBI(2014). Responsibility and accountability are interchangeably used in the nursing profession. Similarly, Griffith (2015) defined being accountable for being responsible for one's acts and omissions. According to Huber (2015,) being accountable relates to our individual actions, personalities,and attitudes and are vital to nursing professionalism. Luhanga et al,(2010) added that nurses are accountable to clients, employers and their professional bodies.
This prevents acts related to omissions which are regarded as misconduct and negligence as they can cause harm hence the term "breach of duty". Therefore, decision making is a prerequisite to being accountable. NMBI (2015) further stresses that a nurse or a midwife should be able to justify their decisions in the context of laws, professional values, and rules, evidence-based practice. In lieu with this autonomy is accentuated by Varjus et al, (2012) as an essential element of professional status.
NMBI (2015) further, explains autonomy as self-determination; a person's ability to make choices based on their own values. Autonomous decision and actions thereafter facilitate the necessity of reflective practice in the perspective to their decisions are linked to other persons. To expand on this, Somerville et al, (2004) highlighted that it's focusing on how professionals interact with the environment to obtain a clearer picture of their own behavior and decisions. Therefore, both contribute greatly to helping nurse have the skills and knowledge in accountability of their own decisions during practice. Professionalism as concept overlaps due to the various attributes that contribute to it.
Some core values have contributed positively such as; regulated education as an important element of professionalization as highlighted by Savic,(2016) .Healthcare is complex in nature and nurses as the main professionals in the delivery of care this attributes to a spirit of collaboration with the rest of the team is essential. The collaborative practice among professionals occurs when collegial subculture is present from different professional backgrounds work together with patients, families, and communities to deliver the highest quality of care. World Health Organization (2010). Paulsen( 2017), states that" practices will change and new terms will seep into professional language". Therefore, in that context working together eases out challenges that come about due to variations in the present or future concepts regarding delivery care. Continuous professional development as highlighted in the scope of practice by NMBI (2015), as an individualized concept but greatly influence the quality of care as it necessitates the revalidation by nurses.
Revalidation is defined a continuous process that a nurse engages throughout their careers NMC (2017.,pp3) this could be education and evidence-based research which facilitates reflection process for nurses after delivery of care for a period of time which is three years in the United Kingdom.In view of all that's discussed above professionalism has made tremendous changes and in that context, Paulsen(2017) stressed that, careful reflection on the meaning of clinical practices and how to fulfil roles and responsibilities, and through creating sustainable and trustworthy roles for both professionals and patients which the researcher further argued that an ethics of care ought to be central to such an endeavor.ETHICAL ISSUES Nursing is known as an ethically related practice.
Ethics is the study of good and bad, of moral duty and moral obligations Gilililand (2010).Similarly, nurses today are bound to uphold the foundational moral virtues, duties,and principles central to the nursing profession, Ulrich et al,(2011). In modern healthcare systems ethical changes have been greatly contributed by clients and their families being more empowered. Ethical issues have progressively emerged in nursing care due to the close and direct nurse-patient relationships in everyday care.
Thus, the importance of nurses being expected to be ethical in their daily practice. Park et al, (2014).Code of ethics in different countries have been structured to guide nurses to practice in accordance with ethical conduct regulations set out in places of practice.
The code of ethics states values of the profession and ideals for ethical practice carried out by institutions and professionals in them through policies and programs. Slomka et al(2008)Irish Constitution (Government of Ireland,1937) and the Equal Status Acts (Government of Ireland, 2000-2011) which is referenced in terms of autonomy in relation to code of conduct NMBI, (2015;pp7) that nurses should respect each person's right to self- determination as a basic human right. Regarding the right to self -determination, the prerequisite is informed consent which should be to inform and discuss with clients of both risks and benefits(beneficence) and make sure they understand prior to any form of care provided "above all not do harm", Kings (2015).In line with this, every individual needs to have received suf?cient information and understands what has been communicated. In addition, it is the person's preferences and values, rather than those of some other individual such as the nurse, Elren (2010). Additionally, stated that nurses being involved in ethical discussions surrounding their patients it's necessary to enable nurses in terms of knowledge and guidelines to always be the patient and family advocates in a meaningful way, Spence (2011).
Advocacy is crucial in ethical context by nurses. Spence (2011), stated that the moral ideal of caring becomes an essential component of a model of advocacy as the ethic of care is contextual. Nurses should concentrate on the patient and the relationships concerning that person within the context of each medical case and ethical dilemmas are embedded.
With the great diversity in healthcare and the limitations of the working environment, it is often moral rather than ethical issues that give rise to angst and flux, Dawood (2015)The increase to ethical dilemmas has been a challenge in the nursing profession. Greatly contributed to empowered and knowledgeable clients, cultural diversity, economic factors and social circumstances. These issues include; pressure to provide treatment of no clinical bene?t (abortions) when no health risks are present,end of life decisions such as do not resuscitate orders, limited resources to provide care, assisted suicide and many more. However, if the patient chooses what is ethically acceptable in the society, an ethical dilemma emerges whether a nurse is morally required to assist in such decisions that he or she believes to be ethically wrong, Pedersen et al (2018)Ethical dilemmas such as end-of-life concerns were in a study conducted in California prevalent for nurses Ulrich et al, (2011), in the recent times do not resuscitate orders are more predominant, therefore, If one has a conscientious objection based on religious or moral beliefs which are relevant to the professional practice they should not interfere with patients or family's own decision. Krishna (2011), further stated, that this principle is based on patients remaining resolute in their wishes and unwavering in their goals as much as they need to be realistic about their possibilities. Therefore, it's crucial to avoiding any confusion, as well as to avoid any potential legal pitfalls and proceed cautiously and hope to avoid any such as litigation, Ward(2009). Healthcare systems and it's professionals can be unable manage complex medical dilemmas as it relies mostly on the government systems (constitution).
In the setting of health-care provision, case law shows that ethical dilemmas often have no perfect solution. "Yet, inaction is not an option", therefore, education and competence in decision-making is essential to augmenting patient safety and better care outcomes. Smyth et al(2016)The ethical code is mainly governed by privacy, disclosure and confidentiality, they're the foundations of ethical guidelines set by regulatory bodies. Confidentiality is crucial aspect in healthcare,it is important that patients trust healthcare practitioners and are not deterred from seeking treatment for fear that their personal information may be disclosed without approval or consent, Beech (2007). Although, this is made as an assurance by nurses during disclosure and privacy there can be alterations in which is further explained in NHS (2010 )that it's important to distinguish between serious harm to the individual to whom the information relates and serious harm to others. Confidential information can be disclosed without consent to prevent serious harm or death to others or the individual. This is likely to be defensible in common law in the public interest.
The ethical principles of confidentiality in codes of conduct expand the legal basis of confidentiality and place additional duties on the health professional, Cornock (2011)In conclusion, professionals should engage in reflective practice in daily practice when ethical issues and dilemmas on the rise and seek to attain knowledge, as nursing professionals must have an ethical commitment to be in a constant search to keep informed for themselves to avoid iatrogenesis in their professional practice and legal repercussions, Silva et al (2017)LEGAL ISSUES IN NURSINGAccording to the American Nurses Association (ANA) (2010 pp.2), "the Standards of Professional Nursing Practice are authoritative statements of the duties that all registered nurses, regardless of role, population or specialty are expected to perform competently" legal duty arises in standards used in delivery of care provided in terms of quality .Griffith(2010) categorically stated that "every healthcare staff is accountable in law for any actions or omission of actions that directly result in harm caused to the patient in their care".Legal issues in the past decade have been on a rise due to the multi-faceted aspect of healthcare currently as issues of litigation suits being made against professionals and organisations. Mertens (2010), highlighted that most litigation cases in the United States were commonly poor obstetrical malpractices due to substandard care, where 2% of these settlements were presented in the jury and the rest were settled out of court. This is high-cost expenditure for organisations and individuals themselves.
Competency is a requirement to effectively and safely deliver care which is defined in NMBI(2015,pp15) scope of practice as the attainment of knowledge, intellectual capacities, practice skills, integrity and professional and ethical values required for safe, accountable and effective practice as a registered nurse or registered midwife. Thirdly, An bord altranis (2015 pp16) substantiates that competence changes and progresses over time. A nurse's or midwife's level of competence is influenced by their educational advancement, the frequency of clinical exposure and the duration of their experience in clinical settings. "Knowledge of existing legal requirements may prevent legal problems from arising," Aliakbari et al (2015). Most medico-legal issues are common with malpractices, lack of documentation,negligence, and lack of consent from clients.
It is vital that all treatment decisions and care provided are documented to provide evidence in probable legal proceedings; there is circumstantial evidence that such documentation may improve patient care and prevent complaints Guy( 2010).Documentation is proof in legal cases and therefore every nurse should be accountable and responsible for what they write. "What's not documented is not done". Therefore, every professional is responsible for ensuring the exact information is evidence-based, factual and written down. Modern healthcare systems reason for documentation guarantees continuity of care provides legal evidence of the process of care delivered by all health professionals and supports an assessment of the quality of patient care, Scruth (2014).The most common type of document that causes legal stir up in health care setting is an Informed consent. The informed consent form is a document indicating that the conversation between the health care professionals and the patient has resulted in mutual understanding, Joolaee et al (2017).
The author further stressed that. In traditional mode of care delivery, a paternalistic approach was more common, where patients decisions were primarily based on the good intentions of the healthcare professional decisions made on their behalf. Today the autonomy of patients increasingly being realized and recommended by both organisations, legal structures and nursing bodies, this approach is what all health professionals should include during consent approval. This is reflected in the acquisition of a valid informed consent.Joolee et al (2017), additionally highlighted that the consent is valid only when obtained from a patient who can decide and has received enough information, and not under pressure to coercion. For this purpose, healthcare staffs need to provide full information and and obtain the informed consent only after making sure that the patient has fully comprehended the information provided and signed it. Besides, all consent forms must be designed in accordance with the patient's conditions such as; age, understanding capacity, in cases where safe guarding the patients who are vulnerable such as children and mentally incapacitated persons then nurses should advocate for them and be responsible by use of right protocols to gain consent according to standards set by the code of laws ,work place policies or the constitutional laws.
Scruth (2014) further stressed that a failure to maintain a reasonable standard of documentation of nursing interventions administered to a patient could be viewed as professional misconduct potentially resulting in a nurse facing charges against his or her professional competency. Commonly known as negligence, malpractice,breach of duty. Similarly, confidentiality, privacy and data protection should be ensured to the clients always, both of these codes and scope of practice in healthcare are a legal duty that is derived from constitutional and case law and forming part of the duty of care to a patient. It is a requirement within professional codes of conduct and their scope, Beech(2007.This should adhere to each individual when it's not followed then it can be termed as professional negligence by putting patients in harm's way through disclosure of personal information.Negligence is defined as 'the failure to provide care that meets current standards of practice.
To determine these standards, a nurse should find out what her institution's policies are, what her professional nursing body has published on this subject, and what the literature says, and she can ask herself what another prudent nurse would do under similar circumstances' Genell (2000). Clinical negligence claims are on the increase, According to the NHS litigation authority in United Kingdom 10,965 new clinical negligence claims in 2015/16, NHS Litigation Authority (2015).Every nurse practitioner has a duty to care commonly known as the 'neighbor principle' and should at all-time prevent any harm to a patient and are accountable in law for any actions or omission of actions that directly result in harm caused to the patient in their care Guy(2010).
Nurses practice in a litigious environment and nursing faculty are often unaware of the measures they should take to protect themselves from legal liability Patton, et al (2015). Working collaboratively with others to create resolutions and inform policy formulation, such as increased transparency and sincerity in relation to incidents which result in harm some of the recommendations made by the NHS litigation authority(2015). This ensures trust among patients and nurse practitioners.
CONCLUSIONProfessionalism is mainly founded by the scope of practice and code of conduct, a nurse should follow the regulations set in it, according to the literature that has affirmed to this concept. Failure to adhere to the code of conduct and scope of practice set standards then legal implications happen. Emphasis on reflexive practice, education, acquiring of knowledge and collaborative practice has been discussed to being essential in all of the above concepts in delivery of quality care.
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Click the button below to learn more about our Vacation Bible School 2019 - In The Wild! Experience and adventure as we look how to find God's love in the world around us. Also, click the link below to pre-register for VBS 2019!
This year, Calvary Baptist Church will host the State Meeting for Missionary Baptist Churches in Florida. More information will be posted as the we learn more about the schedule and itinerary for this event.


Work has been overwhelming this week, sadly I have been thankful for some unusual jet-lag as I have been getting up at 4am to come into work, although not forcefully waking up to an alarm does make me more productive in the morning, just bloody knackered at night.
Certainly our rivals' games are vital but the players' sole focus must be on victory. We have some good memories at Ewood Park, and with close to 6,000 fans now making the journey, one of whom is flying in from Brisbane, Addicks fans have shown their commitment to the cause. If nothing else this season has brought a renewed spirit into our club.
Interestingly the M6 should be a funplace (or not) on Saturday with West Ham also taking 5,100 up to Wigan. Make sure you take your own sarnies as getting one in a service station may be problematical!


text:
An Open Letter from the Twins Front Office
It's been a tough 2+ years to be a Twins fan. Not just the losses, but, in my opinion, the lack of candid statements from the front office about the future of the organization. I expect accountability and honesty from family/friends, from my local/state/federal government, and from businesses that I financially support. The Twins have let me down. In fact, the Twins have let all of us down.
This post is a little late coming, but maybe that's for the best. Now, we known for sure that there is no ace pitcher coming, no All-Star middle infielder on the way, and that this team will go into 2013 with a payroll of between $80-$85 million. Of course, that's well down from 2010-2012 numbers. We now know that the Twins are rebuilding, as opposed to re-tooling. We now know it's going to be a years long -- as opposed to months long -- process. What frustrates me is the lack of public disclosure of this fact from the front office. Are we supposed to buy the notion that two years of Kevin Corriea is going to turn this ship around??? Yes, Terry Ryan and Dave St. Peter certainly have made statements implying that it's going to be a longer process, but in my opinion, that falls well short of what Twins fans deserve. What follows is what I, as the President of the Twins, would have published as an open letter to Twins Territory.
Dear Twins Territory,
It's been a difficult past two seasons. When you lose 90+ games in consecutive years, especially after a sustained run of success, it becomes apparent that changes -- changes in management, changes in player development, changes in the way business is done -- need to be made.
After evaluating the Twins organization from top to bottom, it became apparent that a "quick fix" was not going to turn the organization around. In other words, signing 2-3 "top flight" free agents, including one "ace" pitcher, wasn't going to turn this 90-loss team into a 90-win team. Sure, it may have made the Twins a more competitive team in 2013 and 2014, but there was no indication that this was a problem that could be fixed by spending a quick $30 million on free agents -- and importantly, such signings wouldn't have helped this organization for the long-run. Accordingly, the decision has been made to re-build over the course of a couple of years, as opposed to re-tool over the course of a couple of months.
We understand that, as Twins fans, you have come to expect playoff caliber baseball year in and year out, and we apologize for the product on the field in 2011 and 2012. Although there were good moments and memories along the way, the past two seasons do not represent what we believe "Twins Baseball" means.
The purpose of this letter is to tell our fans that, in order to get back to a sustained period of winning baseball, the Twins organization is rebuilding. We have every confidence that, by making shrewd business decisions, including trading some veterans for exciting prospects, stocking up on talent through the amateur draft, and continuing to develop our own players, this organization can be turned around. Unfortunately, this is not an overnight fix. It is possible -- likely, perhaps -- that the next season or two may be difficult at times. It's possible -- likely, perhaps -- that the 2013 Twins may not find themselves in the playoff hunt in September.
In exchange for a present that may, at times, be trying, we at the Twins offer an exciting future. A future built around Joe Mauer and a growing list of baseball's best prospects, including Miguel Sano, Aaron Hicks, and Oswaldo Arcia. Instead of trying to convince you, our fans, that this upcoming season will be one for the record books, we want to be 100 percent honest and forthcoming. As our fans -- whose ticket purchases at Target Field pay our players' salaries, who gladly wear #7 jerseys all around the upper Midwest, and who closely watch the development in our farm system -- you deserve honesty. And you deserve a quality baseball club that, for many years to come, will be a force not only in the American League Central, but in all of Major League Baseball. We are working tirelessly to provide that club for you.
President, Minnesota Twins Baseball Club
Posted by Andrew at 9:58 PM No comments: Links to this post
1. I have a new job. It requires a lot more work, time, and brain space than the old job did. As a result, I haven't posted here in a few months. And honestly, I don't feel like I've missed that much. As far as I can tell, there was no blockbuster signing, no stud free agent starting pitcher who's now a member of the Twins, and it looks like the Twins will go into 2013 with a payroll between $80-$85 million. So they won't be competing this season.
2. I'm not sold on Chris Parmelee. Sure, there might be many reasons to trade Justin Morneau at some point this season. I'm a fan. He's my favorite player on the Twins, and I don't want to see him leave. Ideally (in my world), he stay another couple seasons past 2013, when the Twins again are competitive. But again, there are likely financial reasons why it might make sense to trade him, and I get it. In my opinion, though, Chris Parmelee is not a reason for the Twins to get rid of Morneau. People are still sold on Parmelee's 2011 September call-up. Yes, he was pretty fantastic. And yes, he was great at AAA last season. But something tells me that he's no heir-apparent to first base for the Twins. Additionally, people forget how great -- and underrated -- of a defender Morneau became. Parmelee is not by any means awful in the field, but he's no Morneau defensively.
3. I will not pay to watch a Twins team that has Darin Mastroianni as its starting center fielder. No offense to Mastroianni. I met him last year at a Rock Cats event, and he's a stand-up, fan friendly guy. But he is no more than a 4th outfielder on a major league team. Further, if this team truly is rebuilding (which it is, notwithstanding the relative silence of the front office on that issue), it makes a lot more sense in my mind to hand the job to Joe Benson or Aaron Hicks, whoever performs better in Spring Training. Let these legitimate prospects figure out the big leagues in a season when it doesn't matter, so that they will be ready to compete when the Twins will be.
4. This might be a tough season for the Rock Cats. It's unlikely that Aaron Hicks, Oswaldo Arcia, Chris Herrmann, and perhaps Chris Colabello, will be returning to New Britain. That's the bulk of the 2012 Rock Cats offense. And pitcher BJ Hermsen is likely headed to Rochester. The best offensive talent in the farm system (Miguel Sano, Eddie Roasrio, etc.), still has some time to go before they are ready for AA, so it could be rough offensively for New Britain.


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Q: how to reduce integer bit size in vivado I have to implementation my design to board nexys 4. In my design, I have 4 inputs with integer data types. The integer in vivado default has 32 bits data length, meanwhile in board nexys 4 only can process integer with maximum data length 16 bits to set in GPIO ports. so I want to know how can I reduce the data length of the integer from 32 bits to 16 bits, can you help me, please? Thank you

A: Use a standard vector type and convert it internally to integer:
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.numeric_std.all;

entity my_design is
port(
  v1, v2, v3, v4: in std_ulogic_vector(15 downto 0);
  ...
);
end entity my_design;

architecture rtl of my_design is
  signal i1, i2, i3, i4: natural range 0 to 2**16 - 1;
  ...
begin
  i1 <= to_integer(unsigned(v1));
  i2 <= to_integer(unsigned(v1));
  i3 <= to_integer(unsigned(v1));
  i4 <= to_integer(unsigned(v1));
  ...
  -- use signals i1, i2, i3, i4
  ...
end architecture rtl;

In case your integers are signed use:
  signal i1, i2, i3, i4: integer range -2**15 to 2**15 - 1;

and:
  i1 <= to_integer(signed(v1));