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Devils' Lane
Towards A Screenwriting Quality Gateway
Alex Coppen
31 Oct 2018 • 20 min read
Screenwriting is a lot like the guitar: easy to pick up, but incredibly hard to master. Anyone can play a campfire version, but becoming Steve Vai takes a mystical, quasi-Herculean combination of raw talent, practice, and discipline.
Writing for the screen, in theory, is simple: 1 page is 1 minute, ergo, 120 pages is 120 minutes. Act I (the setup) runs from pages 1–30, Act II(chaos) goes from pages 30–90, and Act III (the crescendo), generally from pages 90–120. Ish. When you introduce widely-spaced "action" paragraphs (i.e. description), the target is usually 105–110 pages, roughly.
So again, in theory, anyone can do it. Watch a movie scene-by-scene, pausing each time, and write a structured description for what you see on screen. The encouraging fact the barrier to entry is so low (i.e. anyone can write and submit) means a Pareto distribution is inevitable. Estimates vary, but 0.3–1% of all scripts are produced into a movie; that's a lot of noise to not very much signal. Even less make money.
And the trouble with a skill that has a low barrier to entry, which anyone can theoretically do, is few, if any screenwriters, majored in Literature, Drama Theory, or Literary Theory — and were never taught how to write. It's like starting with a golf handicap of 500 as you enter an international tournament.
Sadly, no, it's not enough to switch on your spellcheck or use a software grammar aid. You have to be able to write good.
The Unsung Hero of Limited Space: Compression
What that tends to mean is the secondary talent of screenwriting (after creativity) ends up being about linguistic economy and compression. You have to use the least amount of words to achieve the most evocative and punchy effect. Writing is about communicating a message after all, but in the screen domain, it needs the payload of scriptural proportions.
Screenwriting doesn't have the luxury of space for flowery or poetic prose. It's a suckerpunch system per line, and there's no room for any extraneous words. It requires a next-level scale of discipline.
Firstly though, you need to know how to write, and what distinguishes good writing from bad. There are enormous examples of good writing, but particularly those with a melodramatic flair are important to study.
Studying The Masters Who Defined The Basics
Shakespeare, obviously, is considered the modern father of the dramatic arts. Just one way he describes attraction:
"Hear my soul speak: The very instant that I saw you did My heart fly to your service, there resides to make me slave to it…" (The Tempest)
Inversely, Niccolo Machiavelli's communicated his scorn of rigid determinism through a lens of brutal masculine violence and domination:
"For my part I consider that it is better to be adventurous than cautious, because fortune is a woman, and if you wish to keep her under it is necessary to beat and ill-use her; and it is seen that she allows herself to be mastered by the adventurous rather than by those who go to work more coldly. She is, therefore, always, woman-like, a lover of young men, because they are less cautious, more violent, and with more audacity command her." (The Prince, Chapter XXV)
Writers of the Enlightenment Era took great pride in their wordsmithery. The classic example of poetic writing is Jefferson's Declaration of Independence, which coincidentally breaks all the rules.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.
And of course, Winston Churchill, who spent his life evoking the power of words to inspire a nation and shape history, and whose "fight on the beaches" speech was described by a BBC radio listener as having a "whole massive backing of power and resolve behind them, like a great fortress: they are never words for words' sake".
"The whole fury and might of the enemy must very soon be turned upon us. Hitler knows that he will have to break us in this island or lose the war. If we can stand up to him, all Europe may be free and the life of the world may move forward into broad, sunlit uplands. But if we fail, then the whole world, including the United States, including all that we have known and cared for, will sink into the abyss of a new Dark Age made more sinister, and perhaps more protracted, by the lights of perverted science. Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves that, if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say, 'This was their finest hour.'"
Churchill's words are almost embedded in British DNA. The re-reading of them causes shivers down spines, upon straightened backs.
A dark age. Our duties. A thousand years. Their finest hour. It still smacks of brave dignity and nobility, penetrating right to the core of the audience's inner being.
The fundamental rule: good writing is impactful, evocative, structured, and memorable.
Sorkin is excellent at this idea. Within 5 minutes of any of his works, — and admittedly due to the influence of Chayefsky's "meltdown" formula in "Network" — you know exactly who the central character is, and why, due to their sharp introduction being a stage and means for them to state their values.
Every Sorkin character, ever.
In the West Wing pilot, Jeb Bartlett's intellectual authority is expressed in his "meltdown" over right-wing hate mail to his granddaughter;
In the Studio 60 pilot, Matt Albie's drug addiction is confronted as he receives an award before he has to replace the "Network" anchor;
In the Newsroom pilot, Will McAvoy's prosecutorial skill explodes as he abandons his neutrality in favour of moderate Republicanism;
In The Social Network, Zuckerberg's outrage at being romantically sidelined drives him to social imperialism behind his monitor.
It's simple every time: the protagonist's identity is framed and defined, at an introductory "meltdown" event, in terms of what they turn against, whereupon they meet the obstacle that inhibits them from succeeding in the direction they've decided to go. Boom.
(Where Sorkin arguably falls short, however, is in subsequently taking the story past what's in the room.)
The rhythmic sound of the dialogue makes the words dance to a beat, but the context delivers the sharpness of the impact. In a rather interesting variation of the original premise, the ideological context is what is compressed.
And just for fun, you couldn't fail to include the most badass monologue of all time — the real intro given by US General James "Mad Dog" Mattis to Iraqi tribal leaders:
"I come in peace. I didn't bring artillery. But I'm pleading with you, with tears in my eyes: If you fuck with me, I'll kill you all."
Mattis is also responsible for some of the best-sounding movie lines that never made it into a film (YET!):
"There are some assholes in the world that just need to be shot."
"I feel sorry for every son of a bitch that doesn't get to serve with you."
"Be polite, be professional, but have a plan to kill everybody you meet."
"There is only one 'retirement plan' for terrorists."
'There are some people who think you have to hate them in order to shoot them. I don't think you do. It's just business.'
Love him or hate him, Mattis is a legendary real-life badass, like Leo Major. More importantly, it's clear who he is. A badass.
Communication: The Rules Of Good Writing
The purpose of language is to communicate. It sounds trite, but its purposes have become suspect: to impress/intimidate others, to manipulate thinking, or, soften reality, for instance.
The word "No", as they say, is a complete sentence. It's one of the most powerful lines a character can have.
We can start with the English lit basics taught in most colleges. 75% of the world's languages follow the Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) pattern: the subject comes before a verb, which refers to an object.
The first set of rules was written by Frank L. Visco and originally published in the June 1986 issue of Writers' digest. The second set of rules is derived from William Safire's Rules for Writers.
1. Avoid Alliteration. Always.
2. Prepositions are not words to end sentences with.
3. Avoid cliches like the plague. (They're old hat.)
4. Employ the vernacular.
5. Eschew ampersands & abbreviations, etc.
6. Parenthetical remarks (however relevant) are unnecessary.
7. It is wrong to ever split an infinitive.
8. Contractions aren't necessary.
9. Foreign words and phrases are not apropos.
10. One should never generalize.
11. Eliminate quotations. As Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, "I hate quotations. Tell me what you know."
12. Don't be redundant; don't use more words than necessary; it's highly superfluous.
13. Profanity sucks.
14. Be more or less specific.
15. Understatement is always best.
16. Exaggeration is a billion times worse than understatement.
17. One word sentences? Eliminate.
18. Analogies in writing are like feathers on a snake.
19. The passive voice is to be avoided.
20. Go around the barn at high noon to avoid colloquialisms.
21. Even if a mixed metaphor sings, it should be derailed.
22. Who needs rhetorical questions?
23. Parenthetical words however must be enclosed in commas.
24. It behooves you to avoid archaic expressions.
25. Avoid archaeic spellings too.
26. Don't repeat yourself, or say again what you have said before.
27. Don't use commas, that, are not, necessary.
28. Do not use hyperbole; not one in a million can do it effectively.
29. Never use a big word when a diminutive alternative would suffice.
30. Subject and verb always has to agree.
31. Placing a comma between subject and predicate, is not correct.
32. Use youre spell chekker to avoid mispeling and to catch typograhpical errers.
34. Use the apostrophe in it's proper place and omit it when its not needed.
35. Don't never use no double negatives.
36. Poofread carefully to see if you any words out.
37. Hopefully, you will use words correctly, irregardless of how others use them.
38. No sentence fragments.
39. Don't indulge in sesquipedalian lexicological constructions.
40. A writer must not shift your point of view.
41. Don't overuse exclamation marks!!
42. Place pronouns as close as possible, especially in long sentences, as of 10 or more words, to their antecedents.
43. Writing carefully, dangling participles must be avoided.
44. If any word is improper at the end of a sentence, a linking verb is.
45. Avoid trendy locutions that sound flaky.
46. Everyone should be careful to use a singular pronoun with singular nouns in their writing.
47. Always pick on the correct idiom.
48. The adverb always follows the verb.
49. Take the bull by the hand and avoid mixing metaphors.
50. If you reread your work, you can find on rereading a great deal of repetition can be by rereading and editing.
51. And always be sure to finish what
More: https://mseffie.com/handouts/writegood.html
http://www.math.rug.nl/~ernst/linguistics/william-safire-rules.htm
In "Politics and the English Language" (1946), — annoyed by euphemism and linguistic corruption by politicians in the press — literary critic de jour George Orwell lay out his 6 Rules for Writing:
1. Never use a metaphor, simile or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print.
2. Never use a long word where a short one will do.
3. If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out.
4. Never use the passive where you can use the active.
5. Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent.
6. Break any of these rules sooner than say anything barbarous.
Over in Trinidad, the same ideas were expressed more verbosely by Indian-born Sir V. S. Naipaul and his 7 "Rules for Beginners":
1. Do not write long sentences. A sentence should not have more than 10 or 12 words.
2, Each sentence should make a clear statement. It should add to the statement that went before. A good paragraph is a series of clear, linked statements.
3. Do not use big words. If your computer tells you that your average word is more than five letters long, there is something wrong. The use of small words compels you to think about what you are writing. Even difficult ideas can be broken down into small words.
4. Never use words whose meanings you are not sure of. If you break this rule you should look for other work.
5. The beginner should avoid using adjectives, except those of color, size and number. Use as few adverbs as possible.
6. Avoid the abstract. Always go for the concrete.
7. Every day, for six months at least, practice writing in this way. Small words; clear, concrete sentences. It may be awkward, but it's training you in the use of language. It may even be getting rid of the bad language habits you picked up at the university. You may go beyond these rules after you have thoroughly understood and mastered them.
More: http://www.indiauncut.com/iublog/article/vs-naipauls-advice-to-writers-rules-for-beginners/
Elmore Leonard's "10 Rules of Writing"
1. Never open a book with weather.
2. Avoid prologues.
3. Never use a verb other than "said" to carry dialogue.
4. Never use an adverb to modify the verb "said".
5. Keep your exclamation points under control.
6. Never use the words "suddenly" or "all hell broke loose".
7. Use regional dialect, patois, sparingly.
8. Avoid detailed descriptions of characters.
9. Don't go into great detail describing places and things.
10. Try to leave out the part that readers tend to skip.
More: https://www.amazon.com/Elmore-Leonards-10-Rules-Writing/dp/0061451460
Then there comes the flow, which is the easiest way to spot untrained, amateur, or plain linguistic barbarians: endless paragraphs, often without punctuation.
One of the archetypal, and most illuminating, examples of creating interest is from Gary Provost's "100 Ways to Improve Your Writing"
"This sentence has five words. Here are five more words. Five-word sentences are fine. But several together become monotonous. Listen to what is happening. The writing is getting boring. The sound of it drones. It's like a stuck record. The ear demands some variety. Now listen. I vary the sentence length, and I create music. Music. The writing sings. It has a pleasant rhythm, a lilt, a harmony. I use short sentences. And I use sentences of medium length. And sometimes, when I am certain the reader is rested, I will engage him with a sentence of considerable length, a sentence that burns with energy and builds with all the impetus of a crescendo, the roll of the drums, the crash of the cymbals–sounds that say listen to this, it is important."
More: https://www.amazon.com/100-Ways-Improve-Your-Writing/dp/0451627210
Advanced Stylistic Barbarism & Pretentious Garbage
Then there is the pornography of linguistics: the really fancily-named horrors which make no sense, yet only experienced editors will recoil at. You might call them "professional word salad". Private Eye Magazine has an entire section named "Pseud's Corner" to capture the worst examples.
The Hegelian philosophical principle that out of a thesis and its opposed antithesis comes the hardy alloy of a synthesis has a seductive power.
YUCK. Pass the sick bag.
The most subtle syntactical horror is arguably the split infinitive, which forms the Star Trek slogan (which should, of course, read, "to go boldly"):
to boldly go where no man has gone before
The professional bain of every editor's life is the hated and feared passive voice. It's generally misunderstood, because of the technical nature of how it works linguistically. If you wanted to use a revoltingly crude analogy, it's the difference between pitching and catching, sending and receiving, or in C.S Lewis's metaphysical terms, masculine initiation vs. feminine responding.
WISC puts it nicely:
"In a sentence written in the active voice, the subject of sentence performs the action. In a sentence written in the passive voice the subject receives the action."
In the active voice, the protagonist kicks their ass. They're doing something.
In the passive voice, they had their ass kicked by the protagonist. They're having something done to them.
This tends to manifest extensively in screenplays through the use of "is". This sentence is enough to make anyone in film burn your lovely PDF immediately after they've spent $10 printing it out:
"Lucy was bitten by the dog."
DIE. DIE. DIE. DIE. DIE.
You're a narrating historian describing what happened on screen 70 years ago. We want to put the reader into the story, as it's happening NOW, while they read it. We need action in the present moment.
At least, we could re-word a sentence this nauseatingly dull to:
"The dog TEARS Lucy's throat right out of her neck."
The dog is finally doing something. A not very pleasant something, but at least it's not the Canadian on the sidewalk repeating what's already happened. The "Canadian Syntax" is actually a descriptive way of framing it, as it's largely how Canadians tend to talk, and how their "dramas" tend to proceed.
The worst of the blasphemy, however, are dangling and non-participial modifiers. Why? Because of their ambiguity. Trust Wikipedia uses the example "Turning the corner, a handsome school building appeared":
The modifying clause "Turning the corner" is clearly supposed to describe the behavior of the narrator (or other observer), but grammatically it appears to apply either to nothing in particular, or to the "handsome school building".
Why are these sins often the worst? Because the writer is trying to impress the reader with their writing, rather than communicatingsomething to them, i.e. form over function. Words are like truth or weapons: the sharper they are, the more powerful impact they have.
Screenwriting: Flowery Doesn't Cut It
Yes, yes, show, don't tell. Blah, blah, blah. It still doesn't make bad or boring writing good or interesting.
All of these ideas are great when it comes to long-form novels and/or newspaper articles. Screenwriting has a different challenge: word count, has to count. We don't have space for flowery description. It needs to punch.
A screenwriter has to sell the person (reader, or other triage personnel) on their 8th script of the day, cooped up in a closet overflowing with bundles of paper. It's the director's job to sell the actual photographed movie. We're actually writing for an audience of about… a hundred tired/numb people, give or take.
Often that can lead to some creatively irreverent ways of putting things. Shane Black's "Lethal Weapon" screenplay has a unique snippet describing an impressive house.EXT. POSH BEVERLY HILLS HOME - TWILIGHTThe kind of house that i'll buy if this movie is a huge hit. Chrome. Glass. Carved wood. Plus an outdoor solarium. A glass structure, like a greenhouse, only there's a big swimming pool inside. This is a really great place to have sex.
It's not technical or flowery, but it communicates the message simply and evocatively, whilst showing off the author's playful "voice". You know what he's talking about.
Edgar Wright, author the "Cornetto Trilogy" (Shaun of the Dead, Hot Fuzz etc) is renowned for his economy. From Hot Fuzz's rocket of an opening montage:INSERT: ANGEL talking with elderly people, a Chinese family
in their native tongue, young offenders in a hall.MALE VOICE (V.0.}
-Furthering his skills with elective training courses in advanced driving-INSERT: ANGEL doing an elaborate skid in a police car.MALE VOICE (V.O.)
-as well as pioneering the use of the mountain bicycleINSERT:ANGEL doing an elaborate skid on a police bike.MALE VOICE (V.O.) (cont'd)
-and raising of morale with an inventive use of desktop publishingINSERT: ANGEL pinning up various notices in bright colours;
they read 'BIKE SHED', 'CANTEEN', 'HATE CRIMES'.MALE VOICE (V.O.) (cont'd)
-Also became heavily involved in many extra curricular activities and to this day holds the Met record for the 100 metre dash.
The sheer amount of camera footage, character introduction, and film styling crammed into just those lines is breathtaking — but still a great read.
Another example is Terry Rossio's description of the ferry explosion in "Deja Vu", once the highest-selling screenplay of all time:Weirder. He glances in through the back window --FOUR ORANGE BARRELS inside. He ponders that for a moment.Because a moment is all he has...THE BEACH BOYS (V.O)
But she looks in my eyes... and makes me re--a-lize when she says--THE EXPLOSION tears through him so fast we don't even see pieces, just WHITE DEATH BLASTING OUT IN ALL DIRECTIONS --
Hitchcock, the Master, describes this crucial aspect of a great read — like the Deja Vu bombing scene — in classical terms: of using dramatic irony to lure the reader into pressure and suspense:
"We are now having a very innocent little chat. Let us suppose that there is a bomb underneath this table between us. Nothing happens, and then all of a sudden, "Boom!" There is an explosion. The public is surprised, but prior to this surprise, it has seen an absolutely ordinary scene, of no special consequence. Now, let us take a suspense situation. The bomb is underneath the table and the public knows it, probably because they have seen the anarchist place it there. The public is aware that the bomb is going to explode at one o'clock, and there is a clock in the decor. The public can see that it is a quarter to one. In these conditions this innocuous conversation becomes fascinating because the public is participating in the scene. The audience is longing to warn the characters on the screen: "You shouldn't be talking about such trivial matters. There's a bomb beneath you and it's about to explode!"
It's no use economically describing the explosion in bloodless terms. You need to know how to describe the bomb ("There is no terror in the bang, only in the anticipation of it."). Hitchcock earned his reputation well, as he used film to treat his own personal fears:
"The more successful the villain, the more successful the picture."
"If it's a good movie, the sound could go off and the audience would still have a perfectly clear idea of what was going on."
"Some of our most exquisite murders have been domestic, performed with tenderness in simple, homey places like the kitchen table."
"Blondes make the best victims. They're like virgin snow that shows up the bloody footprints."
"In films murders are always very clean. I show how difficult it is and what a messy thing it is to kill a man."
"I have a perfect cure for a sore throat: cut it."
"Dialogue should simply be a sound among other sounds, just something that comes out of the mouths of people whose eyes tell the story in visual terms."
"Give them pleasure — the same pleasure they have when they wake up from a nightmare."
Example worst sentence of all time, according to The Writer's Circle (https://writerscircle.com/very-and-other-useless-words-to-erase-forever/) :
"And then the meeting was suddenly interrupted by a very loud amazing noise that startled the board members."
Re-written by suggestion (which to be honest, is crap, but better):
"A deafening noise crashed through the otherwise quiet meeting, agitating the typically lethargic board members."
"Very" or "really" are the most useless words in the English language.
"Suddenly" interrupts the action (ironically) of interrupting.
"Amazing" etc are over-used, trite words which convey emotion, not action.
"That" is almost always redundant, and should be removed wherever possible.
"Started" is passive. Every action has a start, and its description is pointless.
Author Diana Urban, recommends a list of 43 words to just get rid of immediately (https://dianaurban.com/words-you-should-cut-from-your-writing-immediately):
really, very, that, just, then, totally, completely, absolutely, literally, definitely, certainly, probably, actually, basically, virtually, start, begin, began, begun, rather, quite, somewhat, somehow, said, replied, asked, and any other dialogue tag, down, up, wonder, ponder, think, thought, feel, felt, understand, realize, breath, breathe, inhale, exhale, shrug, nod, reach.
William Akers, author of "Your Screenplay Sucks" expands this with a rant about "to be", concluding with a fantastic "Seven Deadly Sins of Screenwriting":+---------------+--------------------------------------------+
| FIND/REMOVE | BAD WRITING |
+---------------+--------------------------------------------+
| IS | He is grinning. |
| ARE | The converts are singing opera. |
| THE | Nacho hightails it out of the town. |
| THAT | Ralph can't tell that she's French. |
| THEN | She laughs. Then looks at Alice. |
| WALK | Tika walks down the hall. |
| SIT | Sitting at the poker table, Doc deals. |
| STAND | The Surgeon stands at the operating table. |
| LOOK | Cheryl is looking at Stephanie. |
| JUST | I am just totally exhausted. |
| OF THE | Tom sits by the entrance of the mall. |
| BEGIN | The tape begins playing. |
| START | She starts moving toward the den. |
| REALLY | Betty is really pretty. |
| VERY | The kids sing a very old song. |
| TURN | She turns and looks at him. |
| THE PHONE | Bonnie hangs up the phone. |
| SOME | He pours some coffee. |
| STILL | Kevin, still in paint-covered overalls... |
| THE ROOM | He puts on a tie before leaving the room. |
| HIS/HER FACE | Nora has an amused expression on her face. |
| SEEMS/APPEARS | Tony seems upset. Tony appears upset. |
| HIS/HER WAY | Carol pushes her way inside. |
| BOTH | They both stare at the comet. |
| -LY | All adverbs |
The tighter, concise replacements are subtle to the layperson, but highly effective:+---------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| FIND/REMOVE | BETTER WRITING |
+---------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| IS | He grins. |
| ARE | The convicts sing opera. |
| THE | Nacho hightails it out of town. |
| THAT | Ralph can't tell she's French. |
| THEN | She laughs. She looks at Alice. |
| WALK | Tika prisses down the hall. |
| SIT | At the Poker table, Doc deals. |
| STAND | At the operating table, the Surgeon works. |
| LOOK | Cheryl studies Stephanie. |
| JUST | I am totally exhausted. |
| OF THE | Tom sits by the mall entrance. |
| BEGIN | The tape plays. |
| START | She moves toward the den. |
| REALLY | Betty, hot as a two-dollar pistol, struts in. |
| VERY | The kids sing a traditional song. |
| TURN | She looks at him. |
| THE PHONE | Bonnie hangs up. |
| SOME | He pours coffee. |
| STILL | Kevin, in paint-covered overalls... |
| THE ROOM | He puts on a tie before leaving. |
| HIS/HER FACE | Nora is amused. |
| SEEMS/APPEARS | Tony is upset. |
| HIS/HER WAY | Carol pushes inside. |
| BOTH | They stare at the comet. |
| -LY | |
The screenplay needs to be interpreted by God knows how many people: producer, director, DP, casting agent, actors, lighting, wardrobe, SFX — everyone. They need to know what the actors are doing, and what action is happening — not be passive bystanders as the writer narrates.
Creative Augmentation: Better Art Through Qualification
As soon as you mention software automation to writers, you'll notice the atmosphere gets to a level of hysteria you never thought possible, in a disturbingly short amount of time. Panic sets in.
That's simply because they believe you are trying to judge their magnificently personal work of genius with a faceless computer, and/or subsequently replace them. And of course, ripping them off financially somehow in the process.
None are broadly true in reality. The worse truth is if most of us were better writers, filtering software wouldn't be required, and we wouldn't have a problem with it making us better at what we do. Software touches fragile egos: humans are far more forgiving with shitty prose because they understand context, and what you are trying to say.
If writers had their way, the entire process would be arbitrary for rest of all time.
Screenplays will always require human review and support in order to decide whether it is producable and/or commercially viable. However, we need to get those documents to those humans from the haystack, and provide a common, transparent rulebook on how they ascend the pile. Linguistic quality is just one metric.
Imagine, for example, a rookie screenwriter gets this after sending into the Black List:
Your document has been rejected from the submission pipeline, as it contains an unacceptably high number of linguistic and/or grammatical problems. A report is attached to help you correct these, and send it again.
And imagine, on the other end at the studio, the poor reader department is able to breathe a sigh of relief when they see:
This document has passed all initial automated linguistic and grammatical integrity checks, and meets the specified quality threshold. It's ready for human artistic review.
The content of the script is not in question: the literary basics are. If it's riddled with passive tense, cliche, bad grammar, and over 200 pages — it's not going anywhere. Everyone's time is just wasted. Not everyone has an editor nearby like a publishing house, or even afford one.
The formula is simple: maximum pool of potential talent and material as input, highest quality filtered selection as output. We have to get the maximum amount of submissions possible into the pipe, but only get the best flagged for creative review. That also gives us more time to look through the rest.
None of this requires AI or machine learning. It's an issue of Natural Language Processing, which is essentially advanced pattern-matching.
In technical terms, it's trivial to add macros to wordprocessors like FadeIn, or plugins to Chrome. You can even start creating regular expression matchers as you go. However, at some point, these rules need chaining together as filters, and the results have to be aggregated for threshold scoring.
Stanford CoreNLP. Better than Apache, but don't make any plans if you need it to be dynamic.
In that case, there are a few choices:
Stanford CoreNLP — the granddaddy, and unable to do more than about 300 characters without timeouts, but good for files: https://nlp.stanford.edu/
Apache OpenNLP — like everything else Apache have, bloated, slow, and over-engineered in Java: https://opennlp.apache.org/
G.A.T.E — old, British, but still fun: https://gate.ac.uk/
Mulesoft — for connecting multiple APIs: https://www.mulesoft.com/platform/api/manager
Art is subjective, but it's not exempt from rules, patterns, or discipline.
Spelling mistakes and bad grammar disqualify literary work, as white noise is disqualified from being categorised as music. A computer cannot judge the quality of your characters or story, but it can judge if you're submitting garbage too early on into your career — before a human does.
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Each staff member of Sterling USD#376 is listed below based on their role within the school district.
To email one of these folks, use the person's last name along with their first initial prior to @usd376.com. An example would be adamsj@usd376.com.


Kinto Coffee Server balances usability and aesthetics. This heat resistant glass server was one of the most beautiful vessels that we came across. It has a generous capacity of 600 ml, giving you the chance to share your delicious brew with your loved ones.


Students who use rote memorization to spell and read are at a severe disadvantage. Knowing spelling rules and patterns will allow them to decode and build words of greater complexity, making stuents more successful. Starting with basic spelling rules and patterns will create a foundation for strong writing, spelling, and reading skills.
The activity filled lesson introduces students to "glued" short A sounds such as -an, -am, and -all. The students look for patterns in a list of words to determine which follow the rules for short A glued sounds. Knowing this phonics rule will allow your students to decode and build words of greater complexity, making them more successful readers and writers. Starting with basic spelling rules and patterns will create a foundation for strong writing, spelling, and reading skills.
Call students together after sorting independently. Ask what patterns they noticed. The should have identified patterns of -an, -am, and -all. All these words have a short -a sound, but the end of the word, the vowel and letters after the vowel create a single sound. These sounds are called "glued" sounds, because the letters are stuck together to make one sound.
Go over the sound of each glued sound, saying "-an says an as in man, -am says am as in ham, and -all says all as in ball. Be aware that the a in -all sounds more like short o. That is why it is important to know the sound can change when you have a glued sound."Make sure that you say the sound the glued letters make when it is italicized.
Introduce the game "Taboo" which can be played in partners or small groups. Rules are on the activity sheet. Students will complete the activity sheet as they play.
Assign homework page- students take home the second sheet of words, cut them out at home, and sort them into the columns. They practice writing the rule at the bottom. Students should practice sorting words EACH NIGHT for several days. They may use writing sorts, sorting in the grid, speed sorts, and play taboo at home with family members. Only one formal homework assignment is given here, but daily sorting is encouraged, either at home or as part of your language arts center time.


The Global Educator: Global Education Conference - Be a Participant!
We now need PUBLICITY and an AUDIENCE and VOLUNTEERS to help moderate and mentor and make this event even more remarkable than it already is. So keep talking to your schools, organisations, partners, colleagues and promote and encourage participation. We need you!
We are also in need of volunteers to moderate sessions. If you are comfortable using Elluminate, please sign up here (http://globaledconmoderating.youcanbook.me/) to sit in on as many sessions as you can handle. This is an all hands on deck moment for us and we need your help!
I will be hosting a 'How to be an effective Moderator' pre-conference session in Elluminate http://tinyurl.com/geclounge on Tuesday November 9, midday GMT. Interested and confirmed moderators are welcome to join in then, the session will also be recorded for future use.
Please visit the Global Education Wiki at http://www.globaleducationwiki.com if you want to contribute to the wiki or participate in the Global Education Mentor program, either to help or be helped by another educator doing global connecting projects. More information is here: http://www.globaleducationwiki.com/MENTOR+PROGRAM.
The conference will take place in a video conferencing tool called Elluminate. Presenters share web links and slides while participants listen to an audio feed and chat in the accompanying chatroom. All sessions will be recorded and archived, so if you miss a session you'll be able to view it at your leisure. We'll also have an open Global Education Lounge in which participants can drop by to network with others or to receive help.
Download our conference guide with basic links to Elluminate Support, time zone converters, and other useful web sites.
Join our Flickr group and upload a picture of yourself as an introduction to other conference attendees.
Join the conference group here in the Global Education Collaborative to discuss the conference with others.
Run the self-test for Elluminate and familiarize yourself a bit with the platform.
Finally, we need you to spread the word about this event as far and as wide as possible. Please forward this information on to colleagues,and post to Twitter and Facebook. You can also follow the conference proceedings in Twitter using the hashtag #globaled10. We're on Twitter and Facebook, too.
Press releases, flyers, graphics and badges are available at http://www.globaleducationconference.com/press-and-promotional-materials-web-badges.html. Please post these where appropriate.


Why our Wedding Car Hire Moreton Services?
Why our Wedding Car Hire Moreton Services are so special?
With us, you will get a well-uniformed and knowledgeable chauffeur. Our chauffeurs will reach the pickup location before time, to avoid delays. Our Moreton wedding car hire service is ideally the first choice of Moreton Bride and Groom. The Moreton Couples not only love our service but they are highly fond of that how we make their wedding day so memorable and cheerful.


Mike and Andy are back! Skype is up and running and we've got Skye Jethani on the show today. In additions to some fascinating writing in his new book, What's Wrong with Religion, Skye has many profound thoughts and opinion to share on the former state of the church and where we are heading today.
FYI, better audio quality is on the way for future shows in their totality. During the interview portion, we forgot to hit record on Mike's side for a raw feed. It's a tight ship people.


text:
Cleona Lira, CFP
About Work with me The Personal Story Money Coaching Workshops
The Personal Story
Money Coaching
Conscious Money, Investing, Personal Finance and Learning
Independent Financial Adviser (IFA), London, Blogs about investments, pensions and relationship with money
8 things I learned about Permaculture at the London Permaculture festival
July 09, 2019 / Conscious Money/ cleona lira
Permaculture is a design system for sustainable living, in case you are wondering. Since I have an allotment garden, I have been more interested in how to care for my plants using permaculture principles, something I want to learn more about and find fascinating.
I bought a Teeshirt at the London Permaculture Festival that says "Earth Care. People Care. Future Care". As the stall manager sold it to me, he said, the teeshirt could be returned for remanufacturing in the circular economy when worn out. I later googled the company and found Ranapui, they don't just print cool sounding slogans; they are a sustainable fashion brand. If you want organic cotton clothes and are in the UK, look them up.
I also indulged my inner plantaholic at the 'Edulis Plant Nursery' stall and spent all the £20 cash I had. Know the feeling? If I had more, I would have spent more. It's hard to resist edible perennial plants — especially Berber Moroccan mint which smells divine and takes me back to sweet memories in Morocco.
Thanking Mark Ridsill Smith of Vertical Veg for his excellent video on growing pea shoots was another highlight. He was so easy and lovely to talk to, generously answering more questions and engaging in conversation.
This was my first time attending this festival and I learnt many things listed below in no particular order:
1. A teaspoon of healthy soil has more creatures in it than there are humans on earth.
2. Humans have cultivated forest gardens for thousands of years. Kerala has 3.5 million 'home gardens. One plot of 0.3 acres was found to be growing 23 young coconut palms, 23 cloves, 56 bananas, 49 pineapples with 30 pepper vines trained up to its trees and fodder for cows.
3. Plants with hairy leaves catch pollution like lavender and rosemary.
4. Buy grapes with seeds and eat the seeds too. Ask for grapes with seeds at your local greengrocer so they know you want it, if not available. Chewing seeds is not mentally pleasant however the little bit of bitterness in that seed gets our immune system fired up. Bitter helps our immune system, our body has receptors all over and not just in the mouth so even if you don't cheat on chewing the bitter, the body benefits.
5. Vine leaves from grapes make an excellent pastry case with a lemony tang to it.
6. Herbs have concentrated phytonutrients (a substance found in certain plants which are believed to be beneficial to human health and help prevent various diseases.). Eat the stem of the coriander, not just the leaves (I knew this one but maybe its because I am a frugally minded Indian).
7. More on herbs: Nettle shot drink: Take 3 leaves of stinging nettles from the plant top in half a glass of water, blend in a Vita-mix or NutriBullet and drink. Also, a rosemary shot is great too.
8. Okra gel is soothing to teething babies. Give them okra to chew. Our gut microbes also love this gel so eat a little bit of raw okra occasionally too.
Points 1 and 2 were from another brilliant workshop by Susannah Hall, a permaculture and forest garden designer, who also helps organize Permablitz London. If you can get to go to her workshops, they are absolutely brilliant.
Points 3 to 8 were tips from Alex Laird, writer of a book called 'Root to Stem'commissioned by Penguin Books, which I bought and can't wait to read. Alex is a medicinal herbalist and works with the NHS and teaches people about healing foods, her talk was extremely interesting and interactive. She had a table full of herbs at her workshop; she also had us chewing thyme and discovering with our taste buds its antiseptic qualities.
I now have 4 varieties of mint and know how to take cuttings. If you are a Londoner and need a mint cutting or perennial plant cuttings, write to me:)
July 09, 2019 / Conscious Money/ cleona lira/ Comment
permaculture, Sustainable design, London Permaculture festival, circular economy
cleona lira
July 02, 2018 / cleona lira
I subscribe to Fr. Richard Rohr's Daily Meditations, from the Center for Action and Contemplation. This one was beautiful and so I want to share here, as exploring our relationship with money is the central theme of many of my blogs. "In her book The Soul of Money, Lynne Twist explains the power we've given our image of money and reminds us of our true longings and needs.
Money is not a product of nature. Money doesn't grow on trees. . . . Money is an invention . . . a fabrication. . . . Money still facilitates the sharing and exchange of goods and services, but somewhere along the way the power we gave money outstripped its original utilitarian role.
We have made money more important than we are, given it more meaning than human life. Humans have done and will do terrible things in the name of money. They have killed for it, enslaved other people for it, and enslaved themselves to joyless lives in pursuit of it. .
For most of us, this relationship with money is a deeply conflicted one, and our behavior with and around money is often at odds with our most deeply held values, commitments, and ideals—what I call our soul. . . . I believe that under it all . . . what deeply matters to human beings, our most universal soulful commitments and core values, is the well-being of the people we love, ourselves, and the world in which we live.
We really do want a world that works for everyone. We don't want children to go hungry. We don't want violence and war to plague the planet. . . . We don't want torture and revenge and retribution to be instruments of government and leadership. Everyone wants a safe, secure, loving, nourishing life for themselves and the ones they love and really for everyone. . . . I also believe that under their fears and upsets, even the deepest ones, everyone wants to love and be loved, and make a difference with their lives. . . . I believe people also want an experience of their own divinity, their own connectedness with all life and the mystery of something greater than we comprehend.
Each of us experiences a lifelong tug-of-war between our money interests and the calling of our soul. When we're in the domain of soul, we act with integrity. We are thoughtful and generous, allowing, courageous, and committed. . . . We are open, vulnerable, and heartful. . . . We are trustworthy and trusting of others. . . . We feel at peace within ourselves and confident that we are an integral part of a larger, more universal experience, something greater than ourselves."
Lynne Twist, The Soul of Money: Transforming Your Relationship with Money and Life (W. W. Norton & Company: 2017, ©2003), 8-9, 11-12, 17.
Source: The Power of Money by Fr. Richard Rohr
July 02, 2018 / cleona lira/ Comment
Conscious money, ESG
abundance, financial integrity, relationship with money
The rise of ESG Investing
January 11, 2018 / cleona lira
I met a financial advisor for a coffee a few weeks ago. He wanted to pick my brains about ethical investing. He said he wanted to be 'more green' and wanted my advice on building ethical portfolios for clients. He seemed to think ethical investing was merely about avoiding tobacco and arms; it's moved on a lot, I said, as I rolled my eyes, questioning whether he was willing to be truly committed and informed about the world of ethical investing. I came across this great piece of investment research by Calvert Research and Management called 'The Rise of ESG Investing' which talks about the latest trends and client drivers. It also talks about financial advisors and their attitudes towards ESG. The study is US based. However, I think it translates well to the UK market too. I marked out some interesting bits and listed them below with my comments.
On Millenials
Born between 1980 and 2000, Millenials command wealth, a social conscience and power. By 2020, it is estimated they will make up 46% of the workforce. This is a generation with sway and swag, who hold social responsibility, social justice, equality and environment causes as top priorities.
Research quoted in the report states that 53% of millennials make investment decisions based on social responsibility factors, compared to 42% of Gen Xers, 41% of baby boomers and 39% of seniors. I don't see too many millennials in my advisory practise and I really enjoy seeing them when I do; but it is encouraging to see the younger generations voicing themselves so clearly.
ESG Takeaways
Advisers should incorporate basic ESG questions and filters into their initial discussions of goals and objectives with current and prospective clients and take a proactive approach to identifying needs and interests.
I strongly agree. I don't push ESG investments as a 'right' or 'preferred' way of investing; it is not for everyone, and yet, the client has a right to make an informed decision - ESG or not. I imagine advisors enjoy offering a broader menu of options to clients and those who have worked hard to acquire expertise & conviction in ESG investing reap the benefits in attracting investors interested in responsible investing.
For many advisers, portfolio performance is a non-issue when it comes to ESG considerations. It ranks near the bottom of the reasons advisers utilize it; for non-users, ESG's limiting of investment options ranks near the top of considerations. Just 29% of advisers believe there is a positive correlation between corporate financial performance and ESG factors. While manager selection for ESG strategies may be limited compared to the broader universe of funds and managers, the menu is increasing in size. Overall, investment research broadly suggests that the performance of socially conscious funds has a "positive tilt relative to the overall universe of funds". While returns may not be a real hurdle, there is an increasing breadth of options - and potential strategies - that advisers can utilize.
Returns aren't a hurdle. True.
There are around 113 funds that meet the ESG/Ethical criteria as regulated funds for clients in the UK so yes, the universe is smaller. Also, the menu of available investment options excludes passive funds (there are a few, but they don't meet enough criteria to be included in any meaningful way) which means clients may pay a bit more for an ethical portfolio which necessarily includes actively managed funds and consequently higher fees than passive funds. However, more and more, I see a greater abundance of options including with company pensions, such as the L&G Future World fund focused on climate change, which is encouraging.
Adviser usage of ESG factors
The strongest indicator of adviser utilization of ESG factors was the level of client interest in social and environmental issues and, secondarily, the adviser's own knowledge of responsible investing as well as their performance of the importance of evaluating ESG factors for client portfolios.
I have met clients who are keen to invest ethically but then are put off by an adviser's own biases; I believe this is more to do with the advisers own level of felt competence in the area than the facts of whether ESG is an inferior strategy as an investment option or not. 56% of advisors cite client demand as the main reason to utilize ESG. Among advisors who don't use ESG investments, 58% said their clients are not interested in ESG factors, 29% said it leads to limited investment opportunities and 22% said it leads to poor or limited returns; I hear that last one most often too when I talk about it informally with advisor colleagues.
ESG factors brought up most often in client meetings
Among all ESG factors, the "E" - environmental - draws the most client interest. In our survey, 39% of advisers said that clean technology was one of the most commonly prioritised ESG criteria in client meetings, followed by climate change (35%) and emissions and waste (26%).
An ethical investment questionnaire now has so many factors to it including pornography, human rights violations, genetic modifications, product stewardship and animal welfare. It has definitely moved on from a simplistic negative screen of avoiding tobacco and arms companies. The survey also lists under social and governance issues the factors most frequently mentioned were human rights (22%) and corporate transparency (16%).
Knowledge stands in the way
Just 38% of responding advisers in our survey answered "Yes" to our question, "Do you feel knowledgeable when it comes to ESG investing?" Aside from client demand, advisers cite moral/ethical reasons as the secondary driver for their use of ESG.
38% is quite a large number. So, for clients who are looking to invest ethically or with ESG in mind, going to a knowledgeable advisor on ESG makes sense.
Ethical investing: Positive and negative screening criteria
Three myths about Ethical Investing
Sustainable tourism: A week in Morocco
Growing a Culture of Social Impact Investing in the UK
January 11, 2018 / cleona lira/ 2 Comments
ESG, Ethical investments, Investments & Pens...
behavioural biases, ESG, Ethical investing, Financial Advice, Investing, investments, Social impact investing
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Abandoned Agenda Biswajit Dhar South-South Trade and Development by Steen Folke, Niels Fold and Thyge Enevoldsen; Macmillan, London, 1993; pp xiv + 267.
Trade Policy and Development Biswajit Dhar AS countries in increasing numbers have taken to the now dominant policy of economic liberalisation, academic discourse has become replete with studies prescribing strategies that countries should adopt in keeping with the framework of liberalisation. Joshi and Little's article [Joshi and Little 1993] is another contribution to the long list of literature that is available. Our comment on the Joshi-Little contribution would focus more on the formal structure within which the authors make their suggestions about the elements of the future of the trade and foreign exchange policy for India. We would briefly examine the available literature on trade policy to present our views.
Patent System and Pharmaceutical Sector Biswajit Dhar C Niranjan Rao ANALYSIS of the impact of changes in patent laws have acquired prominence in the context of the patent regime that the Uruguay Round of GATT is seeking to introduce. The volume of literature produced on the subject has been phenomenal which has contributed to the ongoing debate. But unfortunately there is also a flip side to the debate. Articles have been produced without adequate understanding of the terrain that is sought to be covered. Authors of such articles tend to take a predetermined position and then try to produce masses of data to overawe the uninitiated. The contribution by Prasad and Bhat (1993) forms a part of this category of articles. Right from the manner in which the problem is posed to the methodology adopted, nor. to speak of the inaccuracies in factual details and interpreta- tions, the article appears to be some what contrived. The intent of the authors may have been to express their support for the Dunkel proposals and to convey the message that India should not be afraid of the proposals. But even in doing so they should have made a more competent attempt at handling the complex of issues involved.
classic treatise on contagious disease De Contagiosis Morbis. In the period examined here plague was absent from the Florentine state but there was a massive predominance of other infectious diseases particularly tuberculosis, typhus, malaria, small pox, influenza and gastrointestinal diseases, the diseases of underdevelopment. Cipolla states "Diseases do not develop in a vacuum. It would be a grave mistake to limit oneself to an aetiological concept of diseases which considers only the action of microbes or viruses. Epidemiological studies have made us increasingly aware of the role of environmental and socio-economic factors in the aetiology, incidence and prevalence of diseases. The pattern of morbidity in a given society is determined above all by socio-economic and hygienic conditions." This uncontestable conclusion is marred by one paragraph where the author restates his familiar position on the relationship between the demographic changes induced by mortality and its economic effects. Seductively simplistic, if fallacious, this argument has been effectively demolished a number of years back by Brenner. Cipolla's restatement of the 'dominant paradigm' of what Brenner called secular Malthusia- nism, in spite of empirical evidence to the contrary, is one further example of the power of ideology to overlook inconvc nient facts.
the Soviet Union since the rupee was being devalued frequently against the basket of hard currencies. But the interests of both countries would have been better served by arriving at a realistic rupee- rouble exchange rate with the Soviet Union providing for fluctuation of the rouble value also in relation to the same basket of currencies. Instead the former Soviet Union preferred to continue with the unrealistic fixed rouble-dollar exchange rate.
Complete Denial of Developing Countries' Interests Biswajit Dhar C Niranjan Rao The Dunkel draft on TRIPS is heavily biased in favour of the patentees. While their rights have been enlarged, their obligations have been considerably watered down. This marks a reversal of the spirit of the 70s when the issue in international negotiations was how to make technology transfer between the north and the south more equitable. The TRIPS negotiations have focused exclusively on the monopoly rights of patentees from developed countries and, in doing so, all the issues raised in the debates on the 'Code of Conduct for Transfer of Technology' and the 'Code of Conduct for Multinational Corporations' have been conveniently forgotten. The developing countries have to contend with an unequal world order. This is the most important message of the Dunkel draft on TRIPS.
Case Study of Thal-Vaishet and Hazira Fertiliser Projects Biswajit Dhar Earlier studies have emphasised that the dependent nature of industrialisation in the developing countries can be traced back to the dependence of these countries on imported technology. This monocausal explanation does not seem to be quite valid when some more advanced countries are considered. In countries like India the gradual maturing of the industrialisation process has resulted in the development of modern technology by the local firms in some sectors of the economy.


text:
Il campionato di calcio di Prima Categoria 1959-1960 è stato il massimo livello dilettantistico di quella stagione sportiva. A carattere regionale, fu il primo con questo nome dopo la riforma voluta da Bruno Zauli del 1958.

I campioni regionali venivano di norma ammessi in Serie D, ma era facoltà della Lega Semiprofessionisti respingere a sua discrezione le nuove entranti basandosi su criteri economici ed infrastrutturali: fu questo il caso delle Marche dove i campioni del Falco furono giudicati espressione di una realtà come Acqualagna incapace di produrre un reddito significativo per l'insieme del sistema calcistico interregionale. La Lega di Firenze volle comunque riconoscere una presenza alla regione, e ripescò conseguentemente la seconda classificata.

Ogni altro aspetto organizzativo era lasciato invece al Comitato Regionale Marchigiano.

Girone A

Squadre partecipanti

Classifica finale
Nota bene: Le squadre senza dettagli sono state inserite in ordine alfabetico. Una volta trovata la classifica finale assegnare la posizione in classifica esatta.

Legenda:
      Ammesso alle finali nazionali.
      Retrocesso in Seconda Categoria.

Note:
Due punti a vittoria, uno a pareggio, zero a sconfitta.

Girone B

Squadre partecipanti

Classifica finale

Legenda:
      Ammesso alle finali nazionali.
      Retrocesso in Seconda Categoria.

Note:
Due punti a vittoria, uno a pareggio, zero a sconfitta.
Osimana 1 punto di penalizzazione.
Enzo Andreanelli 2 punti di penalizzazioni.

Finale regionale

Verdetti finali
Falco ammesso alle finali interregionali.
In seguito la Falco rinunciò alla promozione in Serie D per problemi finanziari e conseguentemente il San Crispino fu ammesso al suo posto.

Note
In questa stagione a parità di punteggio non era prevista alcuna discriminante: le squadre a pari punti erano classificate a pari merito. In caso di assegnazione di un titolo sportivo era previsto uno spareggio in campo neutro.

Bibliografia
 Archivio della Gazzetta dello Sport, stagione 1959-1960, consultabile presso le Biblioteche:
 Biblioteca Nazionale Braidense di Milano;
 Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze;
 Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma;
 Biblioteca Civica Berio di Genova;
 e presso Emeroteca del C.O.N.I. di Roma (non è online ma è da consultare in sede).
Libri

Marche

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How to send emails to the registered users automatically by different dates I am doing a MERN Stack project. In my collection on MongoDB. a single document contains feilds like

*

*userName

*email

*lastDate

The lastDate property is different for different users.
I want to send an email to every user before 3 days of the
lastDate automatically. I have no idea how to do that. Please give me guidelines on how to do that. Thank you!

A: Well, In the past I was looking for a similar solution, I found this, you can use the module named node-cron with nodemailer.

*

*First install it.

node install node-cron --save

*Import node-cron and schedule a task

let cron = require('node-cron');

cron.schedule('* * * * *', () => {
   console.log('running a task every minute');
});

Note: You can read about several cron schedule patterns here. In the above example, we have scheduled a simple console log in every minute.
Here is the combined code where I am scheduling the e-mail to send every minute:
  let cron = require('node-cron');
  let nodemailer = require('nodemailer');

  // e-mail message options
  let mailOptions = {
        from: '<FROM_EMAIL_ADDRESS>',
        to: '<TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS>',
        subject: 'Email from Node-App: A Test Message!',
        text: 'Some content to send'
   };

  // e-mail transport configuration
  let transporter = nodemailer.createTransport({
        service: 'gmail',
        auth: {
          user: '<FROM_EMAIL_ADDRESS>',
          pass: '<FROM_EMAIL_PASSWORD>'
        }
    });

 cron.schedule('* * * * *', () => {
  // Send e-mail
  transporter.sendMail(mailOptions, function(error, info){
        if (error) {
          console.log(error);
        } else {
          console.log('Email sent: ' + info.response);
        }
    });
  });

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Each show will be cast by audition – sometimes there will be age restrictions due to the particular production being staged. We cannot guarantee members a role in every production.
If you are cast in a production you are expected to attend all rehearsals – you must advise of non-attendance in advance – you are part of a team! Please ensure that your parents are aware of the rehearsal schedule issued by the producer.
Live theatre is not just about what the audience sees – there are many off-stage roles – why not volunteer to help backstage, with sound/lighting, set making or front of house etc to broaden your experience? BYT's mission is to bring to the young people of Berkhamsted and the surrounding area education in all aspects of the theatre.
Each member who is in a production is charged a performance fee (between £45 and £50 depending on the scale of the show). This ensures that costs are divided more fairly as not all members will be in each show.
The AGM is held in June each year and all members are expected to attend – we need your input! Parents are also most welcome to attend.
The management committee are always interested to hear your ideas and suggestions for shows, directors, workshops and so on. The list of committee members is here.
Whilst it is you that is the member of BYT, your parents are also involved – so keep them aware of what is happening! We welcome support from your parents, particularly around production time. Without their help we would not be able to put our shows on.


Directed by visionary French Canadian Denis Villeneuve (Incendies, Maelstrom) and written by Aaron Guzikowski (Contraband) the film is backed by an absolute power house of talent. Keller Dover (Jackman) and Franklin Birch (Howard) spend Thanksgiving with each other's families. That afternoon they discover that their daughters are missing. Immediately panic ensues and the search begins. Earlier that day the girls were playing on what they thought to be a vacant RV…turns out it wasn't and boom! There's the first suspect. His name is Alex Jones (Dano), a meek quiet creepy looking adolescent who's apparently got the IQ of a ten year old, making him a difficult perp to interrogate. Detective Loki (Gyllenhaal) doesn't buy it, and goes at him pretty hard. Loki is the one assigned to the case of the missing girls, kick is, he's never lost a case before so the pressure is on.
A few days pass and the police haven't accrued much in terms of evidence against Jones, so they release him. Enraged (rightfully so) Keller Dover shows up and as he takes Alex to the ground, a small piece of information reluctantly slips from his mouth, giving Dover every right to believe he either did it, or knows who did and where the girls are. It was too quiet for anyone else to hear (of course) but that doesn't stop him from pushing a little further. Keller and Franklin end up kidnapping the boy and torturing him unless he gives up the girls' whereabouts. At this point the plot thickens, speeds up and skyrockets. Its suspense rivaled anything the late and great Hitchcock had under his sleeve and kept me guessing until the very end.
It was easily one of the most powerful films I have ever seen, and it doesn't let up for one second through the film's entirety. Its puzzling and daringly dark performances and dialogue keep your pulse high throughout. Hugh Jackman better take home the Oscar for this one as it was easily the best performance of his career. His performance had me shaken and chilled right down to the bone. Terrence Howard was electrifying. He channeled so much emotion that at times I had a hard time just being there watching. Sitting in the theater I wondered if along with the AC being on they somehow managed to increase the weight of gravity. Oddly I would have to say that Gyllenhaal was my favorite part of the film. His quirky yet sincere and honest vulnerability made me love his character. I felt like he took the words from the page and truly invented the PERFECT anti-hero.
I was on the edge of my seat destroying my finger nails, sweating, and on a few occasions holding back tears. The films crescendo was flawless, giving you exactly what you needed to understand the story and resolve the characters conflict. The end was magnificent as I was completely satisfied and not for one second did it lose me. Incredible performances by the entire cast, beautiful cinematography, an epic score and flawless filmmaking land this one a 10 on the Meter.


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text:
Q: jQuery Span Text not changing My problem is that if I execute this code in the browser console, it is working properly, the spans get changed according to the URL parameter given etc. But if I just load the page, I get the respective console logs but no spans are filled. Does anybody see a problem?
P.S. Window on load was a desperation move so don't judge me, it's optional.
EDIT: I should maybe mention that I come from Python programming so I might not understand certain things to do with JS... sry
jQuery Code:
function setSlogan(sloganText) {
   console.log(sloganText);
   $("#productLeadLogin").text(sloganText);
   $("#productLeadRegistration").text(sloganText);
}

const params = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);

function chooseSlogan (){
    switch (params.get("product")) {
        case "...":
            console.log("Got ...");
            slogan = "to the ... services";
            console.log(slogan);
            setSlogan(slogan);
            break;
        default:
            console.log("defaulting");
            slogan = "to all your default services";
            console.log(slogan);
            setSlogan(slogan);
            break;
    }
}

$(window).on("load", chooseSlogan()); // it's called desperation

one of the spans to change:

Sign In here to get access .

A:
$(window).on("load", chooseSlogan());

You need to pass the reference to your function object as callback parameter in .on, but you are calling  it directly in that place. Difference foo() vs foo.
So this part needs to be
 $(window).on("load", chooseSlogan);


text:
Category "Latest News"
(Page 1071)
Category Archives: Latest News
INDONESIA'S WORLD CUP DREAM IN JEOPARDY
2009, Indonesia, Latest NewsBy Editor AFF July 19, 2009 Leave a comment
JAKARTA (19 July 2009) – The recent bombing which took place in Jakarta has far severe repercussion than the cancellation of the visit by Manchester United – it has put Indonesia's World Cup dream in jeopardy. Indonesia are serious about being hosts for the FIFA World Cup 2022 and while it is still some years…
CLOSE FOR BRAVE MALAYSIANS AGAINST RED DEVILS
2009, Latest News, MalaysiaBy Editor AFF July 18, 2009 Leave a comment
KUALA LUMPUR (18 July 2009) – The Malaysian XI almost caught Manchester United flat-footed in their very first game of their Asia Tour 2009 until a late strike from new signing Michael Owen sealed a late 3-2 win at the National Stadium in Bukit Jalil. The score at the end of the first half was…
FANFARE FOR RED DEVILS IN KL; MATCH IN JAKARTA OFF
KUALA LUMPUR (17 July 2009) – Manchester United arrived into Malaysia this morning to immense welcome from their adoring fans as the fanfare later fizzled to news that the second match against Indonesia has been cancelled. With news filtering in that bombing incidents took place at two Jakarta hotels – Ritz Carlton and JW Marriott…
THAIS U23 BEAT PAKISTAN IN FRIENDLY
2009, Latest News, ThailandBy Editor AFF July 15, 2009 Leave a comment
BANGKOK (15 July 2009) – The Thailand national Under-23 side beat Pakistan 2-0 in a friendly that was played at the Thunderdome Sport Complex. The SEA Games defending champions opened account in the 23rd minute through Keerati Kewsombat before Arthit Sunthornpit added the second goal from the penalty spot eight minutes later. Peter Reid, the…
DA NANG ON A ROLL FOR FIRST EVER V-LEAGUE CROWN
2009, Latest News, VietnamBy Editor AFF July 14, 2009 Leave a comment
HANOI (14 July 2009) – Da Nang thrashed former champions Dong Tam Long An 4-0 at the Chi Lang Stadium to keep their dream of their first ever V-League crown well on target. In spite of the heavy rain, both teams started strongly with Viet Thang testing Da Nang's substitute goalkeeper Duc Cuong early in…
RONALDO'S CORINTHIANS MIGHT HEAD TO VIETNAM
HANOI (13 July 2009) – Three-times FIFA World Player of the Year, Ronaldo might be heading to Vietnam at the end of the year for an exhibition match with his club Corinthians. The former World Cupper hauled up the FIFA World Player of the Year in 1996, 1997 and 2002. Nguyen Trong Hy, the chairman…
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From Nowhere to Nobels: A Future Tense event about women in STEM.
Women now hold more than half of all American jobs, but they still make up less than 25 percent of the science, technology, engineering, and math or STEM workforce. And the numbers are even worse when it comes to the male-dominated field of computer science. Only last year a Yale study revealed that scientists at six major research institutions were more likely to favorably view a male job candidate than a woman with the same qualifications. Yet women are graduating in increasing numbers with STEM degrees, so why does this gender gap persist? And what can we learn from the trail-blazing women and institutions who have succeeded in reversing this trend?
On Thursday, March 27, Future Tense—a partnership of Slate, the New America Foundation, and Arizona State University—and New America's Breadwinning and Caregiving Program will discuss these issues in Washington, D.C., at the Dupont Circle Hotel. You can find the agenda below.To RSVP, visit the New America Foundation website.


Step into the 31st Century where synthetic babies are born and man is God. On June 4, 3044, Hiroto, the grandson of Master Izanagi Okamura, is born. The Self-Professed Japanese God of the Creation of Life, Izanagi has revolutionized life with his synthetic baby creation. No longer capable of giving birth, women are barren in this new world. Instead, babies are conceived in a petrie dish and there are more than one kind of living being.
There are humans, developed by a male sperm piercing a female egg, and then there are the Mosouka's, imitation cells with the same DNA structure as humans. Each human is born with a genetically matching Mosouka who will be given to them on their fifth birthday. And so, it is on the fifth birthday of Hiroto Okamura that he would be introduced to L4-13354, his humanoid Mosouka.
Considered nothing more than a human doll kept alive by advanced technology, Mosouka's are not real. At least not all of them. Noticing that his Mosouka is exhausted after playing with him and his friends, Hiroto cares for her with the gentle tenderness of someone whose human. Noticing this, the children tease him and one angry kid pushes L4 over the side of the Yacht and things will never be the same for Hiroto and his humanoid.
It is under the water, like an immersing, that L4 breaks her arm and hears the voice of the Almighty who gives her his spirit and she becomes a living being. Not only does she save Hiroto who jumps into the water after her, but she feels pain and cries real tears. There's only one problem: No one must know that she's real.
Together, Hiroto and L4, who he later names La'Besa, must conceal her true identity and discover the truth of their union together. With mankind's disbelief in the true creator, how will he react to the living miracle whose presence is to destroy all that he holds dear?
I truly enjoyed reading this book. While there's an over usage of exclamation marks I didn't care for, I was very much engaged in the story line and once I started, I couldn't stop reading. No, that's not a cliche. I really did want to know how this story would end.
What's the connection with Hiroto and La'Besa and the significance of her uniqueness? Why was she chosen to live and the other Mosouka's, were not? What happens when Hiroto's Grandfather, God of this World, discovers La'Besa's humanity? Why is she the living miracle?
The Living Miracle: A Love Story is Available Now On Amazon!
Did you just write a book? In need of more reviews? Register Your Book HERE for consideration. I publish reviews to this blog on Friday's. I also post them to the authors Amazon and Goodreads page and feature the linked book covers on my Author website and email list. You can also now find my Book Reviewed Authors on my new Indie Author page HERE. I have lots of names to add so stay tuned for my next author.
Price. Money. Mulah. Paper. Dollar Bills. Dough. You get the point.
The financial aspect of Indie Publishing is not something I speak much about or that I hear much about in the blogging world. Maybe its because money has always been that personal thing that belonged to just us. In many ways, this is true. How much is in your bank account is not something you sound a trumpet about nor should it be. Not only that, but there's a lot of things I'll never tell you about my financial life. Even in relation to Book Publishing. Some things are just best kept on the low.
Usually in that order, but this is not always the case. Remember that when I write posts like these they are based on my personal experience in this field because I think experience is just a good teacher. So, in my experience (you may have done your own research), usually readers tend to decide to purchase a book based on these elements and in this order but not always in this order. In the event a reader is not judging in this order it usually has something to do with the price. This is when book pricing takes on a greater role and rises from the bottom of the list to the top.
In this list I've ignored the other mediocrities and made up my mind to give the book a try. However, I looked and saw that it was $6.99. For the most part, these are instances where I just can't. These are also instances where price can be the first determining factor in eBook sales even against the title, description, and cover. Sometimes all of these can be on point but the price is still too high. Now, prices of books can also be too low! But we'll cross that bridge when we get there. For now, lets get some insight on how we should price our eBooks and what these prices should be based on. Now, I'm going to let someone a bit more experienced discuss this part. This excerpt is from an article written by Laurence O'byran whose services I acquired not too long ago to assist with the launch of the final book in the Stella series. Laurence is the author of three traditionally published novels from Harper Collins and runs a book promotion service I'm sure you're tired of seeing on Twitter ; ).
What Is The Best Price For An Ebook/Kindle book in 2016?
Only if you have a closely linked series and book number one can be priced at free to get readers started on your series.
If you are a new author and you want make it easy for people to buy your book, and you want to increase your total earnings. This price can be used for a short period to get your book onto a best seller list and then you can move the price up. When deciding a price do not consider the effort put in to write and produce it, consider what total earnings you want. By pricing at .99c, and then increasing the price you can achieve higher earnings. I have seen this working.
.99c can be used during a launch period, for a relaunch with a new cover, or for when you add a new book to your series. How long you stay at .99c will depend on total sales and whether you are continuing any paid promotion periods. It will also depend on if you have a new title coming out in the near future and what level of buzz you already have for the title. If there's a lot of media attention on the title your period at .99c may only be a day or two.
This is the recommended price long term. It's considered by many to be the sweet spot for long term Kindle book sales. This price may also be appropriate if the first book in the series is $.99c. Your earnings should go up when you reach this price point. The period at .99c is used to gain you exposure, build that vital word of mouth and get you as high up the rankings as possible, with as many reviews on Amazon as possible.
What would you do? Exactly.
Book Launch! Beyond The Colored Line is Available Now!
"Born in 1916, Stella May is the great-granddaughter of former slave Stella Mae who changed the family's name to May upon freedom. A descendant of mixed ancestry, Stella's complexion is very light, and her blonde hair and hazel eyes cause her to be the tease of her black classmates. Unable to find solace among her African-American contemporaries, Stella finds it difficult to adjust to a world where she is too light to be black and yet too poor to be white.
I just wanted to share with you a book I read awhile ago as I began to first organize and research for "Beyond The Colored Line". As many of you know, I prepare to release a short story soon that deals with the concept of passing: when a member of one ethnic group passes as a member of another ethnic group. Most notably, when an African American who appears European passes, or pretends, to belong to that race. So far this has been an amazing experience exploring history and I've had the opportunity to come across some decent reading material. One of the books I read is "The House Behind The Cedars" by Charles W. Chesnutt who was, interestingly enough, light enough himself to pass and did on occasion. (Chesnutt's paternal Grandfather, Waddell Cade, was a white slaveholder and his Grandmother, Ann Chesnutt, Cade's mistress, was a free woman of color).
The book is about brother and sister John and Rena Walden, two African Americans, who decide to cross the colored line by pretending to be white to claim and maintain their portion of the American dream. And it gets deep too. The book was first published back in 1900 and reveals how deep self hatred can be for a people lost to true identity. It shows the extent some are willing to go to keep secrets hidden and what they are willing to endure to be part of the American fabric in which they too believe they are entitled to. It also showcases how the depth of childhood exposure and teachings play a part in one's perception, not just of the world, but of one's own self. Without revealing too much, I like how Chesnutt surpassed just race in general but included also status. No one would choose to be poor or hungry, black or white, and I find this is the basis of which many of my ancestors who did pass built their logic. However, at what price is one willing to pay in order to live the American dream?


text:
25 September 2020 - Kenya
Tens of thousands forced out of school by floods in Sub-Saharan Africa
Tens of thousands of children in Sub-Saharan Africa have been forced out of school or seen the start of their academic year delayed after heavy floods drove them from their homes and destroyed classrooms, Save the Children said today.
The organisation is urging governments to step up repair work on schools and provide temporary classrooms for children who had to flee so that they do not fall behind even further following the devastating impact of COVID-19 on their education. Governments also urgently need to set up alternative shelter for families who have taken refuge in schools.
More than 1.2 million people, including an estimated 600,000 children[i], were affected by floods between August and the beginning of September in over a dozen countries. Hundreds of people were killed, hundreds of thousands were left homeless[ii] and crops were destroyed. Recent floods in Nigeria and Guinea have forced even more people from their homes – and more children out of school.
Tchima, 48, from Niger, whose village was in the path of the floodwaters, described the devastation: "We have nothing left now. The houses collapsed and the water took everything away - we don't know what to do. I live in a small room with three other females, including my newborn baby granddaughter."
Many schools across the region are no longer in use because they have been flooded, destroyed or used as shelters. In Sudan and Niger alone, 116 schools have been damaged over the past two months.
The floods mean extra barriers to education, in areas where rising hunger, ongoing conflict, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic have already affected children's learning.
Countries across the region aimed to reopen their schools in September for the first time since the pandemic hit, but the floods prevented that. In Sudan, the government announced that schools would have to stay closed for an additional two months. In Niger, the government announced that schools could not open until mid-October.
10-year-old Yasmin* from Somalia said: "I was thrilled to be learning again, seeing my friends and teachers, but after only three weeks, we had floods that forced our school to shut again. This is really sad. Children in other regions of Somalia are learning and gaining valuable knowledge while I'm hungry and struggling on the outskirt of the town."
Eric Hazard, Save the Children's Pan African Advocacy Director, said:
"The floods are devastating children's education. The scale of the damage will prevent thousands of children from going back to school any time soon. We know from experience that it takes quite some time to repair schools, and many of these children have already missed months of education because of COVID-19. The longer children are out of school, the less likely it is they'll return – they are put to work instead, or run the risk of being married off.
"Several countries in the region are prone to flooding, but we are seeing more frequent and more deadly floods across the region - a real impact of climate change," Hazard added. "It's vital that governments, with national and international partners, increase funding to ensure that children have access to the right distance-learning. By investing in low-tech, inclusive and affordable distance education, we can protect the futures of all children – including the most marginalised."
In response to the floods, Save the Children is supporting children and their families with healthcare, nutrition and referrals for further medical treatment. The organisation is also providing educational support , boosting water purification and supplying household kits to families who have lost everything.
Before the COVID-19 crisis, Sub-Saharan Africa already had the highest rates of exclusion from education, with more than one-fifth of children aged 6-11 years out of school
COVID-19 has led to nationwide closure of schools across all countries in Africa, with over 262 million children out of lessons
Children out of school are at greater risk of being abused and exploited or recruited into child labour or, by force, into armed groups. Girls are less likely to return to school once lessons start again and many become victims of child marriage
Every year, around 75 million children see their education interrupted. Half of them have to stop going to school because of climate and environmental threats. Owing to COVID-19, these numbers will only rise.
We have content from: Yasmin*, 10, Beledweyne, Somalia and shots of Beledweyne, Somalia.
For more information you can reach out to:
Rik Goverde, rik.goverde@savethechildren.org
Out-of-hours: Media@savethechildren.org.uk / +44 7831 650 409
[i] Around half of the population of Sub-Saharan Africa are children. See UNICEF for more information.
[ii] See Africa floods bulletin, IFRC


text:
Q: UML: How show an object using itself in a method class Player {
    public void printOpponent(Player opponent) {
    // ...
    }
}

How would the UML representation of Player look like considering one of its methods requires an object of type Player?

A: It depends on the diagram.
The class diagram shows classes and the relation between then.  It could look like:

You could in theory show the dependency to the argument type, because the class needs to know the argument type to use it:

But this would be overkill: the dependency is related to classes and not individual objects; and a class always depends implicitly on itself.
The sequence diagram would show how objects of the different types interact. To show how the operation on one object p1 is called with p2 as argument,  you'd need to show the objects involved:

Or you could show a simpler scenario, such as:

These two diagrams only show that printOponnent() is called with another player as argument.  But perhaps you want to enrich them to show some implementation details afterwards, e.g. what messages are exchanged between p1 and p2 in the context of printOpponent()


text:
The private Library of Emperor Francis I (1784-1835)
The first part of this project has shed more light on the history of this library, from its beginnings in the 1780s to the death of its founder in 1835, and rewrote it – at least in part – based on a methodological review of available archive materials. In this manner, the project gained deeper insight into the library's acquisition policies as well as the reconstruction of the holdings and the original rooms of the library.
A further step contained order, accessibility and use of the library (especially by the emperor himself) during the aforementioned period, in which fundamental changes regarding the organisation of libraries in general can be situated. E. g. in relation to the developement of the imperial court library, which was by all means seperately administered and then undergoing functional changes into a scholastic library for public use (öffentlich-wissenschaftliche Bibliothek); and how the private collections of Francis I can be compared with other private royal and princely libraries.
Besides dedicating itself to a merely chronological history of the collections, this project also reviewed selected parts of the Fideikommissbibliothek in detail: Besides images documenting the key events between 1784 and 1835, with special emphasis on the events surrounding the Congress of Vienna (1814/15), individual stocks of books have been reviewed in greater detail. This in-depth study has enabled us to answer generically questions concerning book origins and circumstances of acquisition. We have also entered cooperations with further projects (FWF) dedicated to the Congress of Vienna. as well as international experts on book history (cf. tab Kooperationen).
In doing so, the project aspired to a threefold approach embedding library historiography in political social, intellectual and cultural contexts and discourses of that time.
The archival description on the item-level of the fonds "Archives of the Fideikommissbibliothek" is linked to the header "Die Archivdatenbank", where further information can be found, but you can directly follow the link Archiv der Fideikommissbibliothek. The material covers the period up to 1835 and features more than 2,000 files. The archival description will be subsequently completed up to 1921.
The header "Aktenedition & Digitalisate" will show examples of some interesting files regarding the history of the library, both digitised and edited, whereas you can find texts of the conference "Fürstenbibliotheken der Spätaufklärung und des Vormärz
Historische Rekonstruktionen, kulturelle und politische Kontextualisierungen" on "Forschungsbeiträge".
The publication of our research results "Die Privatbibliothek Kaiser Franz' I. von Österreich" to be published by Böhlau in 2015 will deal with the history of the library, an interpretation of the development and structure, the organisation and the use of the collection in comparison with other contemporary princely libraries as well as an analysis of selected pictorial sources in terms of visual culture.
Forschungsnetzwerk
Aktenedition & Digitalisate
Imperial Heritage and National Identity. The making of the national library of Austria (Laufzeit 2019- )
The Familien-Fideikommissbibliothek of Habsburg-Lorraine (2014-2018)
Dr. Hans Petschar (Projektleiter)
Dr. Thomas Huber-Frischeis
Dr. Rainer Valenta
Dr. Nina Knieling (Ende 2016 ausgeschieden)


text:
Wabco strengthens customer service in North America
Staff Writer August 3, 2018, 12:00 am August 3, 2018 0
Technology company, Wabco, has opened its first North America customer care centre, providing full support in the region.
Wabco has expanded its product offering following the acquisition of four high-tech manufacturing businesses since April 2016 in North America.
The customer care centre will reportedly provide first-rate customer support for Wabco technologies in addition to Sheppard steering gears, MICO off-highway systems, aerodynamic solutions tied to the acquisition of Laydon Composites and products associated with Meritor Wabco, the former 50-50 joint venture.
According to Wabco, the North America customer care centre combines technical service teams of Wabco and acquired companies comprising 40 professionals in the US. The operation will include a dedicated aftermarket sales desk for part order processing.
The customer care centre employees currently located at facilities in Troy and Rochester Hills, Michigan, will relocate to Wabco's new Americas headquarters in Auburn Hills, Michigan, when it opens Q3 2018.
"Over the past years, Wabco, has greatly expanded its commitment to the North American market place and our industry," said Wabco President – Americas, Jon Morrison. "We are driven by a relentless focus on customer-centricity benefiting commercial vehicle manufacturers, fleet operators, dealers, and distributors in the region. Our new customer care centre is yet another sign that we put our customers first and is, thereby, another differentiator for Wabco in North America."