text:
Home Investors' Roundtable Retirement Investing (inc FIRE)
The 4% Rule
Including Financial Independence and Retiring Early (FIRE)
Re: The 4% Rule
Postby SoBo65 » March 7th, 2020, 1:37 pm
ReallyVeryFoolish wrote: I have to say, I think Itsallaguess is spot on there. The next generation are simply not going to have the luxury of defined benefits pensions that in effect arrive like a salary cheque does each month. It never ceases to amaze me how even very bright people in very responsible jobs know virtually nothing about personal finance. The vast majority of pople I know who are in a pension scheme have no idea how it works or where their money is. It scares me to think that in a couple of decades or so, millions of people will be retiring and suddenly they will have responsibilty for investing a considerable sum to generate an income. Likely >99% of thse people will have no clue where to start. Unfortunately a lot of these same people will fall prey to weath managers or financial advisors whose first priority is enhancing their own wealth rather than those of their clients.
I work with a number of people who are earning six figure salaries and have not got a clue about personal financial planning (even worse because we are in the financial services sector), examples are they forgo employer matching of additional pension contributions (matched up to 5% on top of standard 10%, so if you put in 5% the total is 20%), they are happy to lose their personal allowance above £100k by not taking any action any mitigating action on pension or employer share schemes - I too wonder what will happen to people when they are looking to retire......
Wuffle
Joined: November 20th, 2016, 8:14 am
Postby Wuffle » March 7th, 2020, 5:54 pm
SoBo65's work colleagues might indeed just be daft but could I suggest a mitigating factor.
There is an undercurrent of acceptance among some of my social circle that we are all playing the parental heart attack lottery.
kempiejon
Postby kempiejon » March 7th, 2020, 6:22 pm
Wuffle wrote: SoBo65's work colleagues might indeed just be daft but could I suggest a mitigating factor.
"Hey mum please die suddenly, in good health, in a mortgage free home rather waste my inheritance on your care or later life living costs."
As bad as having kids to be carers.
Postby roger4 » March 14th, 2020, 2:28 am
In the interests of clarity for Itsallaguess I conducted an assessment of my financial state in retirement 9 years before I retired and came to the conclusion I could/would not be able to afford to live in UK. I therefore began to look at alternative places of residence. The result is I now live in Sri Lanka where the cost of living is much lower.
My pensions consist of a small Army pension (less than £500 per month) and the state pension (just over £500 per month and frozen at 2011 levels). I also had defined contribution pension scheme that I transferred here under QROPS. Then the pension rules changed and I was able to access all this pension and did so to complete building my house.
Despite the frozen state pension I and my wife live quite well and manage to salt away some of my income.
I believe my original post was misunderstood in that I was trying to say that one lives within one's means. In that context, fretting about a percentage is wasted energy.
xeny
Joined: April 13th, 2017, 11:37 am
Postby xeny » March 15th, 2020, 1:19 pm
roger4 wrote: I believe my original post was misunderstood in that I was trying to say that one lives within one's means. In that context, fretting about a percentage is wasted energy.
Almost all of your income appears to be fixed, or defined - you're given a certain amount rather than choosing how much you get.
If you're planning to live off investments, understanding how much you can plan to withdraw in a year without killing the golden goose is deciding what your means are, which is essential to determine before deciding how to live within them.
At least thinking about the % seems unfortunately unavoidable.
TUK020
Postby TUK020 » March 15th, 2020, 5:59 pm
roger4 wrote: In the interests of clarity for Itsallaguess I conducted an assessment of my financial state in retirement 9 years before I retired and came to the conclusion I could/would not be able to afford to live in UK. I therefore began to look at alternative places of residence. The result is I now live in Sri Lanka where the cost of living is much lower.
Reputed to be a very beautiful part of the world.
Do you have a plan to mitigate exchange rate/inflation risks?
Postby roger4 » March 21st, 2020, 3:29 am
for TUK020.
No plan as such but there is sufficient excess income that losses can be tolerated without hardship as the balance of my QROPS fund is invested locally. The Sri Lankan Rupee has been devaluing itself over time. When I first came here it was 180 per pound and is currently (after the reduction in Pound Sterling over the past week) at 212. The excess income is sufficient to tolerate an exchange rate of about 120 before we would feel the pinch.
Postby TUK020 » March 21st, 2020, 7:06 am
roger4 wrote: for TUK020.
Enjoy the weather. Right time of year for a beach barbeque?
gbjbaanb
Postby gbjbaanb » March 25th, 2020, 10:51 am
uryjm wrote: I've got approx £600k in a SIPP and I'm 56 years old.
If I retire tomorrow, and withdraw 4% a year from this fund, at what point does it run out?
On one of the life calculators on the web, I should see 82 years old before I kick the bucket. Even if I last longer than that, what will 4% of the remaining fund look like at 82, given standard assumptions on investment growth (my SIPP is all invested in a Vanguard 80/20 LifeStrategy fund).
Thanks in advance for any guidance,
The biggest problem is inflation. That original 4% was to take 4% of the portfolio initially and increase it at a rate of inflation (so £24k in year 1, £24k + 1.8% in year 2 etc), which is why a lot of talk around income investment considers rising dividends to be so important.
So if you found some 4% yielding trusts or funds, that raised their dividend by the required amount every year, then you're good forever, you'll spend your income only, never even dipping into the capital.
ursaminortaur
Postby ursaminortaur » March 25th, 2020, 11:40 am
gbjbaanb wrote:
You are forgetting the inevitable busts which eventually occur which lead to both falls in capital values and suspensions or cutting of dividends. The original study by William Bengen in 1994 which gave rise to the 4% rule was based upon surviving such events. It looked at the historical performance of the US stock and bond markets starting in 1926 and the conclusion was that for any continuous 30 year period initially withdrawing 4% and then in subsequent years increasing that withdrawal by inflation would not have caused an investor to have run out of money despite things like the crashes of 1929 and 1973 and recession of 1937.
http://www.retailinvestor.org/pdf/Bengen1.pdf
Assuming a minimum requirement of 30 years of portfolio longevity, a first- year withdrawal of 4 percent [Figure l(b)], followed by inflation-adjusted withdrawals in subsequent years, should be safe. In no past case has it caused a portfolio to be exhausted before 33 years, and in most cases it will lead to portfolio lives of 50 years or longer.
So the 4% rule only supports you not running out of money for 30 (actually 33) years.
Postby gbjbaanb » March 25th, 2020, 6:40 pm
ursaminortaur wrote:
You are forgetting the inevitable busts which eventually occur which lead to both falls in capital values and suspensions or cutting of dividends.
I'm not, my post mentioned living off income only. I think Bengen was considering a 4% reduction in capital that would be replenished each year from growth, the US not being too dividend-friendly. My post was more HYP-alike where capital value is irrelevant, both if it goes up and if it goes down (though you can tweak away if you like, and possibly should to maintain the 4%+inflation income rate)
Postby ursaminortaur » March 25th, 2020, 8:29 pm
Although companies are reluctant to cut dividends it still happens in a financial crisis hence you cannot rely on your dividend stream being maintained and growing enough to provide 4% + inflation forever. Most of those living off a HYP investment recognise this and have a cash buffer which they can live off if necessary during such bad times so that they don't have to sell off investments to fund their spending. And of course if you have a large cash buffer then you need even higher returning investments to return 4% of your total pot (investments + cash buffer) in dividends.
1nvest
Postby 1nvest » March 27th, 2020, 7:13 pm
From at least 1750, you could lend to the state (buy bonds) in return for a 4% real return. People could save for their retirement with reasonable confidence. Since post WW1 the state has tended to seek to pay 0% real, inducing uncertainties and risks having to be taken by individuals. Nowadays, the state seeks to stuff the people and grab their wealth (including from pension funds) to spend as it sees fit. Healthcare is going the same way, collectively insuring each other is headed the US way of if you can't independently pay - tough. Capitalism is headed the wrong way and will likely die as a consequence. Will it sustain another 20 to 30 years - looking increasingly doubtful. We've already seen the legal counterfeiting being abused to first buy up government debts, then corporate debts, and now stocks. As/when a Labour government is elected that could be pushed even further - why not buy up all housing stock (impose a wealth tax, increase Council taxes to drive down prices and up inheritance tax levels/decrease allowances). All a consequence of capitalism not sharing the benefits of the likes of technology/robotics more fairly around but instead seeing the benefits predominately being retained by the few. The few will of course manage to side step the issue - such as by buying their own island.
Postby 1nvest » March 28th, 2020, 1:03 am
Will fiat currency sustain for another 30 years? http://www.goldtelegraph.com/fiat-currency-fails
Under a fiat system Alice deposits £10,000 into a bank, the bank lends Bob £10,000 to buy a car, Bob buys a car from Charlie the car dealer, and Charlie deposits the £10,000 into the bank. Fine - provided both Alice and Charlie don't bank-run - where everyone wants their money out at the same time. Even then the system can usually cope, but what if the bank run is by the Chinese against the US$. For centuries the Pound was the dominant reserve currency and that was backed by gold (the original Pound back in 750 was a pound weight of silver). Nowadays the primary reserve currency is the US$ and where money is nothing other than a system based on trust, that increasingly China could undermine at any time.
Postby colin » March 28th, 2020, 9:29 am
1nvest wrote: Will fiat currency sustain for another 30 years? http://www.goldtelegraph.com/fiat-currency-fails
I don 't think it works that way ,banks create money by lending more than they have on deposit otherwise there could be no economic growth or inflation.
Postby James » March 28th, 2020, 9:48 am
colin wrote:
It's called fractional reserve banking. Lots of explainers online, including:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-09ap6zIB6I
Postby 1nvest » March 28th, 2020, 10:04 am
colin wrote: I don 't think it works that way, banks create money by lending more than they have on deposit otherwise there could be no economic growth or inflation.
Under the gold standard that the UK as the primary reserve currency used for centuries, gold and money were interchangeable. Finite and couldn't be abused (it was via various means such as Copper nose 'enry who intermixed copper into silver coins such that when the silver plating wore with use the nose on his impression on coins showed the copper beneath). Issac Newton as Master of the MInt (Chancellor of the Exchequer) pegged the value of gold/money and that level remained fixed for decades/centuries. Banks were custodial, your money was segregated and stored securely for whenever you might want it returned, nowadays your deposit into a bank becomes their money to do with what they like in return for a promise to (maybe) return it when you desire.
Growth still occurs under a gold standard, inflation however is broadly zero, equal amounts of both inflation and deflation. The fundamental reason for fiat is that you can't stuff money into a mattress and see its purchase power (broadly) maintained - you are forced to 'invest' it in order to attempt to maintain its purchase power and where the state sees deflation as a 'risk' to be avoided at all cost. It is a means for the state to confiscate wealth from individuals, investing involves movement of money and taxation against movements (dividends, cash deposit interest etc.) is the migration of some of your wealth over to the state (or others (costs etc.)).
From at least 1750 up to WW1 rather than stuffing money into a mattress or leaving it locked away in a banks vault, you could lend to the state, in return for around a 4% annualised real reward, and in return the state could deploy that money in order to fund growth/economic activity. Good for all concerned. Under a fiat system the state will raid pension funds, strive to confiscate your wealth ...etc. - good for only some. And that sooner or later is abused to the extreme, leading to its collapse/failure (good for relatively few).
Anyone predicting a 4% SWR forward time for the next 30 years should factor in that current fiat system is reaching levels at which its closer to failure point than not when compared to historic past fiat failures. Globally $10 TRILLION is being added in attempts to fend of Corona induced deflation and we're headed towards central banks breaking the rules to not buy equities and instead are buying equities - speculating - where for some such speculation will backfire - big time. In contrast if on the gold standard deflation would have been taken on the nose and thereafter the tendency was for good subsequent rebounds back up again.
Informative reads ...
The European Central Bank throws away the rulebook to bail out Italy
https://moneyweek.com/economy/eu-econom ... -out-italy ("Christine Lagarde messed up badly by arguing that the spreads were of no concern of the ECB at a recent press conference.")
Is fractional reserve banking dangerous?
https://moneyweek.com/318997/is-fractio ... -dangerous
1nvest wrote:
It is a myth that precious metal backed currencies are stable they were often debased by the monarch or government and even as happened in Britain switched between standards.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling#Medieval
The early pennies were struck from fine silver (as pure as was available). However, in 1158, a new coinage was introduced by King Henry II (known as the Tealby penny) which was struck from 0.925 (92.5%) silver. This became the standard until the 20th century and is today known as sterling silver, named after its association with the currency.[citation needed] Sterling silver is harder than the 0.999 (99.9%) fine silver that was traditionally used and so sterling silver coins did not wear down as rapidly as fine silver coins. The English currency was almost exclusively silver until 1344 when the gold noble was successfully introduced into circulation. However, silver remained the legal basis for the pound sterling until 1816.
During the time of Henry III, the pound sterling equalled the tower (weight) pound.[31] In the 28th year of Edward I (around 1300), the tale (money) pound, or pound sterling, first began to differ from (weigh less than) the tower pound, from which it originated, for by indenture[clarification needed] of that year the pound weight was to contain 20s. 3d. in tale pound.[31]:14 In the 27th year of Edward III (around 1354), the pound sterling was now only 80% of the pound weight, or 9 oz 12 dwt (or 9.6 oz) tower.[31]:15 By an Act of the 13th year of Henry IV's reign (around 1412), the pound weight of standard silver was to contain thirty shillings in tale, or one and a half pounds sterling; thus the pound sterling reduced to two-thirds of a pound weight, or 8 oz tower.[31]:18 The pound sterling was adjusted in weight several more times subsequently.
In the reign of Henry IV (1399–1413), the penny was reduced in weight to 15 grains (0.97 g) of silver, with a further reduction to 12 grains (0.78 g) in 1464.
During the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI, the silver coinage was drastically debased, although the pound was redefined to the troy pound of 5,760 grains (373 g) in 1526.[citation needed] In 1544, a silver coinage was issued containing just one-third silver and two-thirds copper—equating to 0.333 silver, or 33.3 per cent pure.[citation needed] The result was a coin copper in appearance but relatively pale in colour. In 1552, a new silver coinage was introduced, struck in sterling silver.[32] However, the penny's weight was reduced to 8 grains (0.52 g), so 1 troy pound of sterling silver produced 60 shillings of coins.[32] This silver standard was known as the "60-shilling standard" and lasted until 1601 when a "62-shilling standard" was introduced, reducing the penny's weight to 7 23⁄31 grains (0.50 g).
The UK only fully switched from silver to gold in 1844 prior to that it had had a rather debased bimetal system and before that had been on a silver standard.
The major reason for the change was that Britain had pretty much run out of silver as it was all being used to purchase goods from China - the Chinese not being interested in buying manufactured goods from europe but the europeans and british being very keen on buying tea, silks and other goods from China in exchange for silver. The balance of trade was only corrected by force with the opium wars.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_standard#Silver
From 1750 to 1870, wars within Europe as well as an ongoing trade deficit with China (which sold to Europe but had little use for European goods) drained silver from the economies of Western Europe and the United States. Coins were struck in smaller and smaller numbers, and there was a proliferation of bank and stock notes used as money.
In the 1790s, the United Kingdom suffered a silver shortage. It ceased to mint larger silver coins and instead issued "token" silver coins and overstruck foreign coins. With the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Bank of England began the massive recoinage programme that created standard gold sovereigns, circulating crowns, half-crowns and eventually copper farthings in 1821. The recoinage of silver after a long drought produced a burst of coins. The United Kingdom struck nearly 40 million shillings between 1816 and 1820, 17 million half crowns and 1.3 million silver crowns.
The 1819 Act for the Resumption of Cash Payments set 1823 as the date for resumption of convertibility, which was reached by 1821. Throughout the 1820s, small notes were issued by regional banks. This was restricted in 1826, while the Bank of England was allowed to set up regional branches. In 1833 however, Bank of England notes were made legal tender and redemption by other banks was discouraged. In 1844, the Bank Charter Act established that Bank of England notes were fully backed by gold and they became the legal standard. According to the strict interpretation of the gold standard, this 1844 act marked the establishment of a full gold standard for British money.
Postby 1nvest » May 1st, 2020, 10:26 pm
Gold as a currency has : liquidity (the mechanisms for buying and selling gold are well established, well regulated, and global); Independence from fiat currencies (not issued by a government); No counter-party risk; Also it has a degree of multi-year inverse correlation to stocks.
For a US investor who yearly 50/50 stock/gold across 1980's and 1990's, the price of gold sank -44%, but they ended that two decades with over 8 times as many ounces of gold at the start.
Yes currencies have attempted to peg to gold, but all fiat currencies ultimately have failed. Sooner or later the pressures to debase arise, and when fiat currencies are backed by nothing at all its even more tempting for the 'legal counterfeiter' to abuse that position and print/spend money at the cost of all other notes in circulation. In September 1931 the Bank of England had to break the Pound away from the gold standard, as largescale holders of Pounds were converting those notes into gold and British gold was being taken out of the country. In August 1971 President Nixon did the same for the US$ for the exact same reasons.
And here we are yet again, buying from China, not exporting much in return. Yet another Opium war in the making? No! Fortunately if China stopped buying the US$ (Treasury's) it wouldn't make much difference, in fact they did pretty well stop buying back in 2011. Similarly if they dumped the US Treasury's they do hold then whilst it would cause a short term shock/decline, so others would take up that slack. https://www.forbes.com/sites/gordonchan ... 71f7f162c4
Whilst some central banks have dumped their gold (Canada) in total faith of fiat, most central banks still keep stockpiles of gold - just in case.
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text:
TheTape
Follow WSP
HomeStocksTrade Ideas: TSLA, SUNE, WBMD
Trade Ideas: TSLA, SUNE, WBMD
July 15, 2013 WSP
Tesla Motors (TSLA) rose again on Friday, hitting an all-time high of $129.94. Volume was strong with 11.3 million shares trading hands compared with a daily average of 9.9 million shares. At nearly $130, next support is at $125.61, the previous close, and then at $122.78. Resistance is at $133.78.
Tesla's new 52-week high is beyond trend channel resistance, which suggests there is no imminent sign of a reversal. In fact, it looks like TSLA it's getting ready to once again brake to the upside as its higher highs have resulted in the upper band of the rising trend channel, at $125, being convincingly penetrated.
Trade the name's long side and look for it to carry forward. Over the last month, TSLA has gained almost 30%, it has gained 284% year-to-date, and 319% since this time last year.
$139 a share is our new short-term target.
SunEdison, Inc. (SUNE) has been in an overall uptrend since mid-2012. May was a great month for the stock as it rallied from a low of $5.05 to $8.72 – a 62% jump. It looks like SUNE it's getting ready to re-test its 52-week high at $9.23, put in on July 12.
SunEdison's stock will have resistance at $10.65 going forward. Unless key support levels currently at $8.43 and $7.82 are convincingly penetrated, the buy-on-the-dips strategy should be considered as a trade approach for the name. We believe the ticker could make another leg higher here if it breaks above $9.23 on good volume. If it gets above that level we may see an acceleration to the $12 area, which is our short-term target to the upside.
SUNE closed at $8.81 on Friday.
WebMD Health Corp. (WBMD) spiked nearly 26 percent on Friday after the company's preliminary quarterly results and financial guidance exceeded Wall Street expectations. WBMD gapped open dramatically higher at the opening bell and rallied to a 52 week high of $35.28 in volume that spiked 800% above average. The company is now valued at around $1.7 billion.
WBMD, currently $33.82, is up 14% in the last month and up 135% in the last six months. Look for potential continuation above Friday's highs for what could be an attempt by the equity to reach high 30s relatively quickly. That said, some volatility is to be expected, as the name's share price has entered into overbought territory with an RSI value of almost 70.
Disclosure: No Positions
WBMD
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text:
Q: Version check of a program in bash I'm trying to build a simple if switch in bash, if the version of ionic is 3.4.0:
mles:operations-ionic mles$ node_modules/ionic/bin/ionic -v
3.4.0
mles:operations-ionic mles$ if [[ "$(node_modules/ionic/bin/ionic -v)" = "3.4.0" ]]; then echo "Ionic3 Project"; fi
mles:operations-ionic mles$

This should output Ionic3 Project to the console, but it doesn't. Why?
@Inian: I'm writing to stdout. A simple comparision does write to the console:
mles:operations-ionic mles$ if [[ "1" = "1" ]]; then echo "Ionic3 Project"; fi
Ionic3 Project
mles:operations-ionic mles$

and the trick with storing the version to a variable does not do anything:
mles:operations-ionic mles$ version=$(node_modules/ionic/bin/ionic -v); if [[ "${version}" = "3.4.0" ]]; then echo "Ionic3 Project"; fi
mles:operations-ionic mles$

@camh no invisible characters. saved it to a script:
version=$(node_modules/ionic/bin/ionic -v)
if [[ ${version} == "3.4.0" ]]; then
  echo "Ionic3 Project";
fi
printf '<%s>' "${version}"

output:
mles:operations-ionic mles$ ./jenkins.sh
3.4.0>mles:operations-ionic mles$

A: Looks like the ionic developers messed up the version number with hidden characters. If you pipe the command to cat -A, which display non-printable characters, you'll realize that there are indeed hidden characters in front of it:
ionic --version | cat -A
^[[2K^[[G3.4.0$

(The $ at the end is just the newline)
Actually I think that should be fixed on ionic side. I've filed a bug.
A workaround for you to use would be:
version="$(ionic info | awk '/Ionic CLI/{print $NF}')"

Update:
The problem has been fixed in https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-cli/commit/cb448dbe535ab77d5feb07090de962e17290e557. It should disappear in the next release (after 3.4.0).

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There is much much less of a crowd which guarantees a much more relaxed shopping experience. The utmost number of merchandise that can be in contrast is four. Please refine your selection. The Manhattan Mall close to Herald Square gives a selection of stores. And, if you end up pressed for time whereas shopping in New York Metropolis, then call the gallery and set up a non-public appointment exterior of the traditional hours.
The arrival of technology introduced many advantages along with it, but the dark facets are also not hidden. When buying online, billing errors are the frequent issues you may encounter whereas in local stores these errors are nearly inconceivable. It consists of a set of retail, entertainment and service shops designed to serve products and services to the encircling area.


McKissack is performing program management services for Phases 1 and 2 of the 23-mile Dulles Corridor Metrorail Project.
Phase 1 will extend Metro 11.6 miles from East Falls Church, serve Tysons Corner with four stations, and end at Wiehle Avenue in Reston. This phase was completed in July 2014. Phase 2, which will extend Metro through Reston and Herndon to Dulles International Airport and Route 772 in Loudoun County, is anticipated to be completed in 2018. McKissack is responsible for consultation and coordination of the project's Equal Opportunity and Compliance Management Programs, including administration of the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Contract Compliance Program, and Davis Bacon Wage Rate Compliance Monitoring Program. McKissack has also provided permit coordination and other program management assistance services.


text:
Archive | Libertarian National Committee RSS feed for this section
Libertarian National Committee selects new logo
The Libertarian Party considered 9 possible logos, and solicited votes for the finalists in a fundraising mailer.
Meeting in Alexandria, Virginia this weekend the Libertarian National Committee selected a final logo.
None included the popular porcupine symbol which some libertarians love, but I've learned some non-Libertarians find confusing.
And the winner is the phoenix/eagle-in-a-torch combination platter.
Categories Libertarian National Committee, Libertarian Party, logo
New Libertarian National Committee Headquarters – an exclusive first look and a history of the LNC National HQ
The Libertarian Party has been planning to buy a building for its national headquarters for over a year now, having always rented office space at various locations in DC (and briefly, Houston, Texas) since the 1970s when it was founded.
The Libertarian National Committee is meeting this weekend in Alexandria, Virginia, a few blocks from the building it has under contract at 1444 Duke Street. This video is the first time libertarians generally have been able to see it.
There was a little controversy and buzz at the LNC meeting because of the recent purchase, by the Marijuana Policy Project, of a co-op unit (a kind of condominium that is common in DC and Manhattan, with a very few in other states and cities including Florida, California, Virginia and Maryland), for the same price, at 2370 Champlain Street NW in D.C.'s Adams Morgan neighborhood. Many had felt that being forced out of D.C. proper by D.C.'s higher real estate prices was a shame for a national political organization, and some worried that the buyer agents working for the LNC may have neglected to show them D.C. properties, including the one MPP knew about and some on the LNC fear they did not.
Here's the MPP building, where they have a large unit on the first floor. And here's the interior. (I actually sold a residential apartment in the same building a few years ago, for someone who is now an Obama/Hillary political appointee at the State Department.) Both the MPP unit and the LNC HQ are selling for around $825,000. The MPP building has a better location, many think, but it also has a high monthly fee. It's possible that some people also thought the Adams Morgan side street MPP bought on is too "transitional" or unsafe – a non-DC person would think that. But in fact it is likely to appreciate faster than the Alexandria location. Both are near a Metro (subway) and inside the Beltway, which means they will be the continued recipients of Federal Reserve inflation as all D.C. metropolitan real estate is (like the stock market, and unlike the real estate in much of the country.) But the new LNC HQ is close to being a strip mall at the outer edge of exurbia, with a giant anchor of the area, the U.S. Patent Office, rumored to be moving away. The MPP location is featured in a recent real estate blog article which crows "Is Adams Morgan Becoming Posh?"
(For full disclosure let me say that I am a realtor with licenses in D.C., Maryland and Virginia, and though everyone asked for my opinion this weekend, no one from either the LP or MPP asked for my advice or assistance in their property search. Lately I've felt irked by this. In the past when I hung out with gay and lesbian Democrats it seems to me that they do support their own – if you supported them they use you to buy and sell real estate or for services generally. Libertarians and Ron Paul Republicans not as much. It's hard for me not to think about that when I receive fundraising letters from certain groups.)
So this does raise the question of what else is on the market that the LP could be buying and what else was on the market in the past year that it could have bought. In both cases I see some D.C. candidates I would want to have considered, aside from the MPP purchase.
There are a number of properties that closed in the past 12 months in DC that were commercial spaces over 2500 sq ft and under $1 million, two of which look like good candidates. One is a 3000 sq ft ground floor space just around the corner from where MPP bought, 1745 Kalorama Road, that sold for $100,000 less than either MPP or the LP paid, and which has a very low condo fee (under $500). It's downside – it doesn't own a parking space. But it is in a condo that has a garage where one could buy or rent spaces as needed and one can park on the street (sometimes difficult in D.C.)
Even more exciting is a large townhouse on the Kalorama/Dupont Circle border, two blocks from the subway and a block from the offices of reason magazine, at 2121 R Street, in a row of art galleries, embassies, the Phillips Collection, restaurants, and $1-3 million houses. It is also larger, 3000 sq ft, but it is also more expensive, selling for $998,000, and needing renovation.
There are also a number of properties for sale now in D.C. that might be better than the commercial townhouse under contract. One intriguing one is a 3200 sq ft corner building with garage in LeDroit Park currently with a store with a beer and wine license on the ground floor, at 1901 4th Street. It's interesting because, besides being in one of the most rapidly appreciating neighborhoods, it's diametrically across from the home of the Rev. and Mrs. Jesse Jackson.
Another interesting possibility is this commercial storefront townhouse on the commercial strip in Mount Pleasant, about 3 blocks from the Columbia Heights Metro stop on 14th Street. Unfortunately, it doesn't have any parking of its own.
The real contender however, is 921 12th Street NE, near Capitol Hill, Union Station (which has both a subway stop and Amtrak), National Public Radio's gleaming new building, and the NoMa subway stop. This is new construction in the most rapidly appreciating section of town, and it is over 4000 sq ft, much bigger than either the MPP purchase or the Alexandria unit the LNC has under contract.
By contrast, the Republican National Committee is housed at 300 First Street SE, in a building popularly called the Capitol Hill Club, in a building the tax assessor thinks is worth $6 million . The Democratic National Committee is only a few blocks away (both behind the row of House of Representatives office buildings on Independence Avenue SE) at 430 South Capitol Street SE in a building assessed at $16 million.
And now for a game of "shoulda, woulda, coulda" – a little history of the Libertarian Party national headquarters. It's been at least four places before it's current D.C. location as a tenant at the Watergate office complex in Foggy Bottom near the Potomac River: 1516 P Street NW in the 1970s, a little building in the early 1980s at 2300 Wisconsin Avenue (the corner of Hall Place – which used to have a florist and a barbershop and now houses a Starbucks, with a current tax assessment of $4 million), briefly Houston, Texas, and the (former) outskirts of Capitol Hill on Pennsylvania Avenue SE.
1516 P Street NW, in the 1970s, was a sketchy neighborhood where friends who worked at the old Young Libertarian Alliance (the defunct youth arm of the Libertarian Party) tell me everyone locked up at 5:00 pm and skeedaddled before sundown. It's now the border between Logan Circle and Dupont Circle, full of million dollar lofts, a Whole Foods, theaters, upscale bars, and restaurants. 1516 and the two adjoining town houses at 1514 and 1518 have most recently been for sale for around $8.5 million – though they were for sale back in 1999 for $331,000. Currently it houses the National Congress of American Indians, one of the groups lobbying to get the Washington Redskins to change their name.
Categories Adams Morgan, Alexandria, Champlain Street, Jesse Jackson, Kalorama Road, King Street metro, LeDroit Park, Libertarian National Committee, Libertarian Party, Marijuana Policy Project, MPP, reason magazine
A preview of the new Libertarian Party National Headquarters
There was a little controversy and buzz at the LNC meeting because of the recent purchase, by the Marijuana Policy Project, of a co-op unit (a kind of condominium that is common in DC and Manhattan — where the owner owns a perpetual lease to a particular unit and shares of stock in the association that owns the building — with a very few in other states and cities including Florida, California, Virginia and Maryland), for the same price, at 2370 Champlain Street NW in D.C.'s Adams Morgan neighborhood. Many had felt that being forced out of D.C. proper by D.C.'s higher real estate prices was a shame for a national political organization, and some worried that the buyer agents working for the LNC may have neglected to show them D.C. properties, including the one MPP knew about and some on the LNC fear they did not.
Here's the MPP building, where they have a large unit on the first floor. And here's a the interior. (I actually sold a residential apartment in the same building a few years ago, for someone who is now an Obama/Hillary political appointee at the State Department.) Both the MPP unit and the LNC HQ are selling for around $825,000. The MPP building has a better location, many think, but it also has a high monthly fee. It's possible that some people also thought the Adams Morgan side street MPP bought on is too "transitional" or unsafe – a non-DC person would think that. But in fact it is likely to appreciate faster than the Alexandria location. Both are near a Metro (subway) and inside the Beltway, which means they will be the continued recipients of Federal Reserve inflation as all D.C. metropolitan real estate is (like the stock market, and unlike the real estate in much of the country.) But the new LNC HQ is close to being a strip mall at the outer edge of exurbia, with a giant anchor of the area, the U.S. Patent Office, rumored to be moving away. The MPP location is featured in a recent real estate blog article which crows "Is Adams Morgan Becoming Posh?"
(For full disclosure let me say that I am a realtor with licenses in D.C., Maryland and Virginia, and though everyone asked for my opinion this weekend, no one from either the LP or MPP asked for my advice or assistance in their property search.)
Now for a little "shoulda, woulda, coulda" — history of the Libertarian Party national headquarters. It has been at least four places before its current D.C. location as a tenant at the Watergate office complex in Foggy Bottom near the Potomac River: 1516 P Street NW in the 1970s, a little building in the early 1980s at 2300 Wisconsin Avenue (the corner of Hall Place – which used to have a florist and a barbershop and now houses a Starbucks, with a current tax assessment of $4 million), briefly Houston, Texas, and the (former) outskirts of Capitol Hill on Pennsylvania Avenue SE.
1516 P Street NW, in the 1970s, was a sketchy neighborhood where friends who worked at the old Young Libertarian Alliance (the defunct youth arm of the Libertarian Party) tell me everyone locked up at 5:00 pm and skeedaddled before sundown. (Most D.C. newbies don't remember when every other mansion on 16th Street NW in Dupont Circle was boarded up with broken windows and a front yard full of trash and broken glass, muggers abounding, even until the late 1980s, when I lived at 1832 16th Street NW near Swann Street.) It's now the border between Logan Circle and Dupont Circle, full of million dollar lofts, a Whole Foods, theaters, upscale bars, and restaurants. 1516 and the two adjoining town houses at 1514 and 1518 have most recently been for sale for around $8.5 million – though they were for sale back in 1999 for $331,000. Currently it houses the National Congress of American Indians, one of the groups lobbying to get the Washington Redskins to change their name.
Categories Alexandria, Libertarian National Committee, Libertarian Party, Marijuana Policy Project, MPP, National Congress of American Indians, Watergate, Young Libertarian Alliance
LNC chair does not renew Executive Director Carla Howell's contract
DC Libertarians: Libertarian National Committee chair does not renew Executive Director Carla Howell's contract
Categories Carla Howell, Geoffrey Neale, Libertarian National Committee
Libertarian National Committee chair does not renew Executive Director Carla Howell's contract
"Please consider this to be my official notice to the LNC that, under my authority as Chair, I have decided to NOT extend or renegotiate the existing contract with Carla Howell.
I am currently evaluating my options regarding a replacement, and will update you all at some later point in time.
In the meantime, I will not disclose my reasoning for this decision in any public forum, but will be happy to do so during Executive Session during our upcoming LNC meeting.
For the record, I have offered to employ Ms. Howell on a month to month basis under the same compensation and benefits terms as are currently in effect during my search for a new Executive Director.
Mr. Neale's term as national chair also ends in 11 months, when there is an election for a new Chairperson of the Libertarian National Committee at the 2014 Libertarian Party national convention in Columbus, Ohio.
Categories Carla Howell, convention, Geoffrey Neale, Libertarian National Committee, Libertarian Party, national convention
Ruth Bennett, Tim Hagan elected
Former Colorado and Washington state party chair Ruth Bennett, who served as the 2012 convention director, was elected Secretary of the Libertarian National Committee. Ms. Bennett is also vice chair of Outright Libertarians. Ms. Bennett lives in Arizona.
Tim Hagan was elected Treasurer. Mr. Hagan is an electrical engineer in Nevada.
Categories Libertarian National Committee, Ruth Bennett, Tim Hagan


The new campaign from Agent Provocateur is indeed provocative. Starring Vahina Giocante, a French actress (remember, the last campaign was brought to us by Maggie Gyllenhall) and model Gabriella Oulika, this collection is called The Adventures of Miss AP in "L'Appartement: A Parisienne Love Story".
Victoria Beckham Doesn't: Eat Hamburgers, Say No To David, Self Tan!


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text:
Ernst Ludwig Klein
Harrie Grondijs (Rijswijk, the Netherlands) draws attention to an illustration opposite page 288 of the May 1935 issue of El Ajedrez Español:
The mention of Ernst Klein (1910-90) prompts us to pose a quiz question: what connection did he have with a match for the world chess championship?
Klein appears on the far right of this group photograph, reproduced from page 2 of Staunton Centenary Tournament 1951 by H. Golombek (published in London later that year).
In his column in The Times, 18 February 1978 (page 13) Harry Golombek wrote:
'It looks as though the first world championship match in which there were seconds whose official duty it was to aid their principals in analysis during adjournments was the 1935 Alekhine-Euwe match in the Netherlands. Alekhine's second was the Dutch master Landau, and Euwe had the Hungarian grandmaster Maróczy as his second.'
Salo Landau
However, in a letter to the newspaper published on 11 March 1978 (page 13) Ernst Klein wrote:
'The facts are as follows: Landau helped Euwe and I helped Alekhine. Landau and myself were designated "trainers".'
Golombek quoted those words in his column of 18 March 1978 (page 10) and commented:
'Fortunately my library is pretty rich in journals and magazines for the period in question, and I also have no less than five books dealing solely with the match.
An examination of these works shows that there is no substance whatsoever for Mr Klein's correction of my statement that Landau was Alekhine's second and Maróczy Euwe's.'
After quoting from various contemporary sources, Golombek concluded:
'All this would seem to show that Mr Klein has got his recollections of this famous match in a most inglorious muddle. Possibly he did give Alekhine some unofficial help during the last few games of the match, but he never served in any official capacity at any time in the contest.'
Alexander Alekhine from Aljechin-Euwe 1935 (Leiden, 1936)
Golombek returned to the subject in his column of 8 April 1978 (page 12) after verifying the facts with Euwe, who informed him:
'You are right: Maróczy was my second and Landau was Alekhine's second during the 1935 WC Match. But after the 26th or the 27th game Landau withdrew after a disagreement with Alekhine. In the remaining games Mr Klein helped Alekhine, but he had no official status.'
Golombek evidently did not consult Max Euwe Biografie van een Wereldkampioen by Alexander Münninghoff, Max Euwe and Jules Welling (Amsterdam-Antwerp, 1976). Pages 184-185 discussed Klein's brief, controversial involvement as Alekhine's 'trainer'. (See also pages 134-136 of the English edition, published in 2001.) What else is known about Klein and the 1935 world championship match, and particularly from contemporary sources?
A photograph from The Anglo-Soviet Radio Chess Match by E. Klein and W. Winter
From Steve Wrinn (Homer, NY, USA):
'With regard to Ernst Klein and his involvement with the 1935 world championship match, and in particular his expulsion from the playing-hall during the 28th game, here are two quotes from books on that match.
1) The first comes from Recueil des parties du championnat du monde (Alekhine-Euwe) 1935, (Brussels, undated). The introduction to the 28th game (page 82) strongly suggests that Klein's status as Alekhine's "trainer" was unofficial:
"La fièvre monte. Le maître Alekhine, avec les Noirs, joue une variante suggérée par Spielmann et développée par le jeune maître viennois Klein, qui vient d'en faire une étude approfondie durant une huitaine de jours, suivant ses propres déclarations. Sans motifs apparents, le maître Klein se trouve aux côtés de l'ancien champion du monde. Au quinzième coup, Alekhine estimant sa position satisfaisante va serrer la main de celui que l'on a nommé – peut-être à tort – son 'entraîneur'; ce geste soulève un incident au cours duquel le maître viennois est prié de quitter les lieux indûment occupés par lui."
2) Hans Kmoch, in his Tagebuch vom Wettkampf Aljechin-Euwe (Vienna 1936), does not mention Klein by name but does refer to an incident during the 28th game in which a young chess master was asked to leave the playing-hall. The result was physical violence and police intervention. On pages 70-71 Kmoch wrote:
"Im Laufe des Abends ereignete sich leider ein unerfreulicher Zwischenfall. Ein junger Mann, ein Ausländer, Schachspieler mit beginnendem Renommee, dem Wettkampf mit Pressekarte beiwohnend, widersetzte sich hartnäckig einer Anweisung des Komitees, obwohl die diesbezügliche Pflicht auf den Pressekarten ausdrücklich vermerkt stand und für den Widersetzungsfall der Entzug der Pressekarte angedroht wurde. Als sich nun der Besagte durchaus nicht fügen wollte, wurde er von einem Mitglied des Komitees aufgefordert, seine Pressekarte abzuliefern und das Gebäude zu verlassen. Diese Aufforderung beantwortete der Unglückselige damit, daß er den betreffenden Herrn mit der Faust ins Gesicht schlug. Der "rasende Reporter" wurde schließlich polizeilich abgeführt.
Der peinliche Vorfall spielte sich zwar unter Ausschluß der Oeffentlichkeit ab, gelangte aber doch in die Presse und konnte daher an dieser Stelle nicht übergangen werden."
That last sentence leads me to believe that more information on the incident may well be available in contemporary sources, particularly in the Netherlands.'
Pascal Losekoot (Soest, the Netherlands) has found the following news report in the evening edition of Het Vaderland, 9 December 1935, page A:
Our correspondent's English translation is given below:
'An unpleasant incident during the 28th game of the Euwe-Alekhine match
During this very important (given the current situation of the match) game an unpleasant incident occurred.
It is known that the world champion has been analysing lately with the young Viennese master Ernest Klein, who is representing several foreign papers as a journalist and is therefore attending the match. In Friday's game in this city [The Hague – the 27th match-game] Alekhine played, at Klein's instigation, the Vienna Opening. This he is fully entitled to do. Euwe consults with Flohr and Maróczy. However, that happens outside the playing-room and not while a game is being played.
It seems that yesterday evening Alekhine consulted with Klein, who had just previously told other press representatives that the world champion was playing a variation analysed with him.
Klein was not sitting at the press-table; he had taken his seat in the area reserved for officials. During play, Alekhine, who became more and more excited – he smiled several times – went to Klein on more than one occasion and talked to him, and when he had entered the middle-game with a good position he shook hands warmly with Klein.
One of the Committee members pointed out to the Viennese master that it is improper to talk to a player during the game. If Klein would not stop doing so, the Committee member added, the Committee would have no option but to expel him from the playing-hall and forbid him access to the other games.
Klein protested that he could not stop the world champion talking to him.
As a result, he was told to leave the room and to hand in his press-card. This request he answered by slapping the official's face, after which the police became involved.
Mr Klein's conduct is clearly not correct, so we can – as far as we are able to judge from the facts – understand the Committee's reaction.
However, there is one matter that we do not understand. Should not the Committee have first informed the world champion of his incorrect behaviour? Even if not a word was spoken about the game, Dr Alekhine should have prevented anyone from thinking otherwise.'
George M. Prescott Jr (Newport, RI, USA) notes that also on 9 December 1935 a report on the Klein matter was published on page 11 of section six of the evening edition of De Telegraaf.
Ernst Klein – Olaf Barda
Radio game (BBC-NRK), 1952
King's Fianchetto Opening
1 g3 d5 2 Bg2 Nf6 3 f4 c5 4 Nf3 Nc6 5 c3 e6 6 d3 Qc7 7 O-O Be7 8 e4 dxe4 9 dxe4 Nxe4 10 Ne5 Nd6 11 Nxc6 bxc6 12 Qa4 O-O 13 Be3 Rb8 14 b3 Nb5 15 Rc1 Rd8 16 Qe4 Rd5 17 Qc2 Bb7 18 Qf2 Nd6 19 g4 f5 20 c4 Rd3 21 g5 Rd8 22 Nc3 Bc8 23 Na4 Ne4 24 Bxe4 fxe4 25 Nb2 R3d4 26 Re1 Rf8 27 Bxd4 Rxf4
28 Rxe4 Rxe4 29 Rf1 Bd6 30 Be3 Bxh2+ 31 Kg2 Bd6 32 Qf3 Rh4 33 Rh1 Rxh1 34 Kxh1 Qf7 35 Kg2 Bd7 36 Qd1 Qe7 37 Qf3 e5 38 Qe4 Qe6. At this point White withdrew.
'One of the finest games of chess ever played' was the description on page 155 of the July 1952 Chess World. The same page had derision for Klein's suggestion that in the final position he had a won game.
Ernst Klein
Coverage of the game and of Klein's controversial withdrawal was published in three issues of CHESS: July 1952, page 191 (report); August 1952, pages 218-219 (letter from Klein) and 222-223 (annotations by Barda); September 1952, page 237 (letter from Klein).
From Tony Klein (Uppsala, Sweden):
'My father Ernst Ludwig Klein was never particularly voluble about his past, so what I have to tell is a combination of fragmentary memories of our conversations and biographical information which has become available to me since his death.
He was born in Vienna on 29 January 1910 and died in Southend-on-Sea on 22 August 1990. His father died of cancer when he was eight, and his mother died of tuberculosis when he was 18. He had a sister, three years older, who emigrated to the United States in 1938.
His paternal grandfather was a prominent Viennese eye surgeon, Salomon Klein, originally from the Hungarian town of Miskolc in the then Austro-Hungarian Empire. His textbook on opthalmology from 1879 has recently been reprinted.
My father's maternal great-grandmother was Lina Morgenstern (1830-1909), well known in Berlin for her work with soup kitchens, her cookery books, and her progressive writings on kindergarten pedagogics and women's education.
His maternal grandmother, Else Roth, a resourceful, dynamic and "very Prussian and stern" widow with whom he lived from the age of eight to 11, was also an author, of both cookery books and manuals on woodwork and metalwork, and a pioneer in the introduction of some Swedish concepts of physiotherapy to Germany, after a visit to Stockholm in 1885. My father initially learned chess from Else Roth while living with her.
[Correction from Mr Tony Klein received on 26 December 2015: 'My father's maternal grandmother, the daughter of Lina Morgenstern, was Clara (and not Else) Roth née Morgenstern, and my father's mother, my paternal grandmother, was Clara's daughter Else Klein née Roth (1884-1928).']
Bedridden for a long time from the age of 14, after a knee injury and consequent serious bone infections which in effect broke off his school education, he also learned chess from a paternal uncle, Victor Klein, who, as I remember my father telling me, had been a Viennese master, although I have traced no information about that. Victor Klein later emigrated to the United States and, I believe, practised gynaecology in New York. I possess a letter which he wrote from the United States to my father during the early 1950s, but unfortunately I have no further details about Victor Klein's chess career.
Of my father's chess career before his arrival in England I have sparse information, but it is recorded that he played in tournaments in Vienna, as well as at Győr, 1930. I do know that he lived a wandering kind of life from the age of 18 to 25, when he finally settled in England. Travelling and living in Switzerland, France, Italy and the Netherlands, financially supported, as he said, by a wealthy uncle, he occupied himself exclusively with chess. As I remember, Tartakower and Emanuel Lasker were among those with whom he associated. He played simultaneous blindfold exhibitions; at least one, in Italy, was apparently against 11 boards, although I have no documentation.
Around the age of 18 he had spent some time in a Swiss sanatorium for treatment of his osteomyelitis, the infection which he had contracted in his childhood and which became a persistent affliction that dogged him on and off for the rest of his life, rendering him somewhat lame, obliging him to walk with a stick and in constant pain. In the sanatorium in Switzerland he also learned bridge, and I believe that he became a reasonably good bridge player and continued to play socially well into old age.
Ernst Klein (BCM, June 1935, page 258)
From CHESS, 14 June 1938, page 361. (See Chess in the Courts.)
He had acquired a second profession – mathematics – by studying for a degree on his own in London during the Second World War, and this was his major occupation from the mid-1950s until his retirement in 1970. Both chess and mathematics were arts rather than sciences, he would always say, although very late in life he admitted to me that he had reluctantly realized that chess is simply about winning against an opponent.
He tried to teach me chess when I was a child. I say "tried", as I disappointed him by not wanting to study the game in books, and he said, rather unpedagogically, that as long as I did not I was only "playing". However, I am proud to say that I did manage to win against him when he played with a queen handicap. We often used to play the game of Nine Men's Morris (called Mühle in German) and had long games at which we were quite evenly matched.
His own account of the 1935 Alekhine-Euwe match incident (discussed in C.N.s 5214, 5281 & 5326) was that he felt betrayed by Alekhine when the latter congratulated, or thanked, him, openly and quite inappropriately. He never even intimated the story of unacceptably violent behaviour on his own part during the incident in question. He maintained a bitter grudge against Alekhine, while never uttering anything but unreserved admiration for his stature as a chess genius.
My father easily took offence and had a short, explosive temper. Despite my personal knowledge of him, I was shocked to read of the complaints made against him in 1935, and I have no specific idea upon what they were based.
Ernst Klein. Source: page 15 of The Anglo-Soviet Radio Chess Match by E. Klein and W. Winter (London, 1947)
My clear impression is that his withdrawal from competitive chess shortly after winning the British championship in 1951 resulted from his personal inability to handle adequately the vicissitudes of a competitive and often internecine world.
I was unaware of his modest return to chess in the early 1970s until I happened to find among his chess literature an account of the London Chess Club Invitation Tournament of 1973, reviewed by Leonard Barden, where my father was apparently the veteran of the tournament and received praise for his stamina, and for playing two of the finest games in the event. I quote from pages 9-10:
"We were very pleased to welcome Ernest Klein for his first tournament since he won the British championship at Swansea 1951. It can't have been easy for him; at 63, he was the oldest player by more than 20 years and facing a stamina-sapping two rounds a day schedule. Yet his wins over Goodman and Kinlay, achieved with youthful élan, were among the best games of the tournament, while against Markland he found an interesting improvement over the game Fischer-Rubinetti, Buenos Aires, 1970, by 10...Nf6 (Rubinetti chose 10...Bd6) followed by the regrouping manoeuvre with the KR and KN. It was a loss for British chess when Klein gave up active play; quite apart from his tournament achievements, his book on the Anglo-Soviet radio match of 1946 is a model of lucid annotation."
I feel that I have some particularly valuable legacies from my father, which I see as congruent with both his chess and his mathematical careers. He instilled in me the adage that "a thing worth doing is worth doing well". He inspired and educated me to approach a problem by always thinking for myself, "from first principles", rather than relying on pre-existent, often mechanical, methods. He also taught me by example to express myself clearly in writing.'
Tony Klein has provided copies of pages from his father's edition of the monograph on the 1973 tournament, and we reproduce the biographical note on him, as well as the three games mentioned in the above quote (from, respectively, pages 19, 28, 32 and 44):
Ernst Ludwig Klein – David Goodman
London, September 1973
1 Nf3 g6 2 c4 Bg7 3 Nc3 c5 4 g3 Nc6 5 Bg2 e6 6 O-O Nge7 7 e3 Nf5 8 Ne4 d6
9 d4 cxd4 10 Nxd4 Ncxd4 11 exd4 Nxd4 12 Bg5 Qb6 13 Nf6+ Kf8 14 Qa4 Nc6 15 Ne4 Be5 16 Rad1 Nd4 17 Rd2 Nf5 18 g4 Nd4 19 Be3 Bg7 20 Qa3 e5 21 Nxd6 Kg8 22 c5 Qc7 23 Bxd4 exd4 24 Bd5 Be5 25 f4 Bxd6 26 cxd6 Qd8 27 f5 Qg5 28 Rg2 Bd7 29 Qb3 Resigns.
Peter Markland – Ernst Ludwig Klein
Ruy López
1 e4 e5 2 Nf3 Nc6 3 Bb5 a6 4 Bxc6 dxc6 5 O-O f6 6 d4 Bg4 7 dxe5 Qxd1 8 Rxd1 Bxf3 9 gxf3 fxe5 10 Be3
10...Nf6 11 Nd2 Nd7 12 Nc4 Be7 13 Kf1 Rf8 14 Ke2 Rf6 15 Rd3 Re6 16 Rad1 Nf8 17 c3 a5 18 Rg1 Ng6 19 a4 b5 20 Nd2 Rb8 21 Ra1 bxa4 22 Nc4 a3 23 bxa3 a4 24 Rdd1 Rb5 25 Rdb1 Nf4+ 26 Bxf4 exf4 27 Nb2 Rh6 28 Nxa4 Rxh2 29 Nb2 Rb3 30 Nd3 Rxc3 31 Rc1 Rxa3 32 Rxa3 Bxa3 33 Rxc6 Kd7 34 Ra6 Be7 35 Nxf4 Bc5 36 Nd3 Bb6 37 Ra1 Rh5 38 Rg1 g6 39 f4 Ke7 40 Nb4 Bc5 41 Nd5+ Kd6 42 Rd1 Kc6 43 Rc1 Rh2 44 Nxc7 Rxf2+ 45 Ke1 Rh2 46 Ne6 Rh1+ 47 Kd2 Rxc1 48 Kxc1 Be3+ 49 Kd1 Kd6 50 Ke2 Bc1 Drawn.
Ernst Ludwig Klein – Jonathan Kinlay
1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 e4 g6 7 Nf3 Bg7 8 Be2 O-O 9 Nd2 a6 10 a4 Nbd7 11 O-O Qc7 12 Qc2 Ne8 13 Nd1 b6 14 Ne3 Rb8 15 Rb1 b5 16 b3 Nef6 17 Bb2 Re8 18 axb5 axb5 19 Rbe1 Qb6 20 Kh1 Bb7 21 f4 Re7 22 Bf3 Rbe8 23 Qc1 Ra8 24 g4 h6 25 Nd1 c4 26 bxc4 Nc5 27 Nf2 Ra2
28 g5 hxg5 29 fxg5 Rxb2 30 gxf6 Bxf6 31 e5 Rxd2 32 exf6 Rxe1 33 Qxe1 Nb3 34 Qe8+ Kh7 35 Qxf7+ Kh6 36 Rg1 and Black lost on time.
From page 127 of CHESS, 14 January 1956:
'E. Klein, who was not consulted about the title of British Master which the BCF announced it had awarded him, has declined to accept the title.'
Further to the controversy involving Ernst Klein and the 1935 Alekhine v Euwe world title match, Alan McGowan (Waterloo, Canada) notes two more items:
Wiener Schachzeitung, April 1936, page 104
Wiener Schachzeitung, June 1936, page 188.
Latest update: 11 February 2016.


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About its function, like genuine, small second hand is running on the 60-second subdial at 6, subdials at 3 and 9 o'clock are for minutes and hour chronograph separately. If you want to activate the chronograph function, you just need to push the button at 2, but firstly you need to loose the screw on that button, when you push the 2:00 again, the central red hand will stop. If you want the red hand back to 12:00, just push the button at 4 o'clock. So, the replica Daytona works 100% the same as genuine. To adjust the time and wind the watch, just operate the crown.
Overall, 116509 is the best-selling one among all stainless steel Daytona watches, and I never sell low quality and defective replicas to you.


Betty Kang ~ All aboard for the Porterhouse express! Get ready for a ride with one of the most exciting US artists to be making the rounds on the global dancefloor. Steve Porter is set to release his first-ever mix compilation 'PORTERHOUSE' with 26 tracks melded together on 1xCD in his signature genre-defying, pulsating, energetic Porterhouse style. The album merges his DJing and production style with 9 of his own original tracks, further blurring the distinction between DJ and producer into one compelling artist to watch.
The 'PORTERHOUSE' ideology of "no rules, no borders" to dance music resonates here on the album with an eclectic range of funked-up house beats with a techy-edge, breaks interludes, electro action, techno twists, and sound-clash attitude that blurs the boundaries between musical genres. All this is induced by his own re-edits and mixes that mold his highly individual DJ sets and track selection, as Steve soldiers on in his mission to furiously push his Porterhouse sound.
The album's music draws upon Steve's close network of talent that comprises a new Porterhouse Regime from the Boston area. These are fresh and exciting young producers whose studio production skills have been honed out of the music media spotlight, and while they might not be the biggest names in the industry (yet), the tracks they produce are played by world class DJs from every continent. Some of these artists include his long-term collaborators; Agent 001 cohort Eli Wilkie, Emjae, and Chris Reavey, as well as emerging artists Bons, Hush, Musky, Aaryn Blain, Chris Micali, Jonathan Hart, and the Island 9 crew. On this strong support network Steve says, "it's a crew that has always supported one another, no matter how dingy the gig." At the end of the night, Porterhouse is all about a party with friends.
'PORTERHOUSE' and a separate studio session with Lee Burridge during his NYC residency for Lee's impending '365' album. Steve will now embark on a relentless, non-stop North American, UK & European tour before returning for his annual Porterhouse party at Winter Music Conference 2006.
Porterhouse Mission: US, UK & Europe dates TBA for March & April 2006. Asia dates TBA for May 2006.


The word trust means reliance on integrity, strength, ability, surety, etc. of a person. A second definition is the confident expectation of something; hope.
Our trust will embrace a genuine confidence in God. When we lean, we place all of our weight on something, resting upon a person or thing. Whenever we have a major decision to make, we might feel unable to lean upon someone.
The Lord is my rock and my fortress and my deliverer; My God, my strength, in whom I trust; My shield and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold.
Blessed is the man who makes the Lord his trust, and does not respect the proud, nor such as turn aside to lies.
Trust almost always involves patience. Have patience and courage to wait for God to act.
The Lord God knows what is best for us and will guide, keep and protect us. As we turn our lives over to Him, we realize the necessity of acknowledging God in all of our ways.
In the book of Exodus we read of God's care for the infant Moses.
" Take this child away and nurse him for me, and I will give you your wages."
So the woman took the child away and nursed him.
Moses' mother trusted in the Lord. She placed baby Moses in a basket in the river, and Pharaoh's daughter found him and hired Moses' own mother to be his nurse. As she cared for him, she was able to teach him about God. Her trust involved her use of courage.
Whenever I am afraid, I will trust in You. In God (I will praise His word). In God I have put my trust; I will not fear. What can flesh do to me?
But now the righteousness of God apart from the law is revealed, being witnessed by the Law and the Prophets, even the righteousness of God, through faith in Jesus Christ, to all and on all who believe. For there is no difference; for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.
Trust includes giving God our future plans. To receive God's guidance, we must acknowledge Him in all our ways.
Trust is believing in God's promises without equivocation. God's plan of salvation is available to all mankind. It is available to you no matter how you have conducted your life.
Jeremiah 17:7," Blessed is the man who trusts in the Lord, And whose hope is the Lord."
Our dogs illustrate trust. They know they can trust us to provide them daily with food and water.
Prayer is the way in which we talk to God, He talks to us in the Bible. We rely on Him for guidance. Our trust should be placed in Him. He has promised to always be with us. We read in Psalm 9:10," And those who know your name put their trust in You; For You, Lord, have not forsaken those who seek you. "
Psalm 71:1," In You, O Lord, I put my trust; Let me never be put to shame."
God made everything and has blessed us with all that we have. He has told us He will care for us, if we give our lives to Him in His service.
Romans 12:1-2," I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that you present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable to God, which is your reasonable service. And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may prove what is that good and acceptable and perfect will of God."
Jesus spoke of the birds and how God cares for them. The birds of the air do not worry about the morrow. If God cares for them, how much more will He care for us. Matthew 6:26," Look at the birds of the air, for they neither sow nor reap nor gather into barns; yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not of more value than they?"
There are many things that we rely on in this world. When we turn the faucet on, we trust that the water will come out. When we go out to our vehicles, we trust that they will work and get us to our destination. On payday, we trust our employers to provide us with the paychecks we have worked for. Our Lord and Father made all this possible for us, we need to trust Him.
I Timothy 4:10," For to this end, we both labor and suffer reproach, because we trust in the living God, who is the Savior of all men, especially of those who believe. "
Children rely upon their parents to provide shelter, food, medical, and clothes. How much more should we place our total trust in the Eternal, Loving, Lord and Father. He made mankind and the worlds.
We read in Hebrews 11:3," By faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that the things which are seen were not made of things which are visible."
(1) In whom should we place our trust ?
(2) Why did Moses' mother place him in a river?
Click Sample Pages above for an excerpt and free download!
What would happen if you trusted God more? Would you worry less? Have more courage? This kind of living is possible. In Beautiful Things Happen When a Woman Trusts God Sheila Walsh shares her own story, and those of several Bible characters to show you how to trust God in the middle of difficult situations. As you learn about Who is holding onto you, you'll be empowered to let go and rest in God's loving care.


The Nollywood actress took to her page to share some really lovely pictures of herself.
After sharing the photos, followers commented, pointing out the engagement ring and asking who the lucky man is. But she's yet to respond.
Beverly Osu Flaunt Engagement Ring!


#148 – Porch Swing Appreciation Day | The Rambles Live!
The porch swing disappears on it's own appreciation day! Can the ramble gang track down the thief?
This ramble was not my idea, but it took me awhile before I actually wrote it. If you don't know what Rufus' and Algus' shirts mean…the answer is in the next ramble. Spoiler alert!
This entry was posted in The Modern Era and tagged algus is here, almighty belmonts, bronze quality, iiiiirvine kinneas, Reeve the genius, rufus j., sephy-sama, Tseng time, vampires, z man zidane, zell in the mix. Bookmark the permalink.


Less than a week into January and the Christmas tree was packed away... must be some kind of record for me. I know we had our issues, but once I lowered my expectations to realistic, the Christmas tree and I got along just fine, and there might have been a little Christmas magic working, because I even managed to fall just a little in love with that tree. But he's gone to the mulcher by now... and I'm left with the pile of what was under the tree... stray needles included. Now... my decorations that shout-Christmas-from-the-rooftops are nestled, once again, in layers of tissue. And the others? The snow men, stacked three high... the little town that peers down from the shelf... and the nativities I can't bear to tuck away, well, they have become part of winter.
Winter is... my decorating loophole.
My justification to have both peppermint and holly and blue & white with rainbow striped scarves.
My excuse to enjoy just a little longer.
And all the while, trading red glass for blue, green candles for white, I called myself crazy. In less than a month I'll be hauling the red back out to mix with the pink for Valentine's Day! But the lacey white and smiling faces drew me right back in and I couldn't help myself.
Your village is wonderful and I probably could find a few justifications for keeping it all year!! and I think Flordia needs a few more snowflakes like yours!!
Beautiful AND crazy!!!! Love the snowflakes....sweet.


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Gosjakova ulica je ena od ulic v Novem mestu. Imenuje se po doktorju filozofije in medicine, Janezu Krstniku Gosjaku. Ulica poteka v Poslovno storitveni coni Cikava od Podbevškove ulice proti jugu zahodno od Podbevškove ulice in vzhodno od Breckerfeldove ulice.

Viri

Ceste in ulice v Novem mestu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


CENTRAL MINE EQUIPMENT COMPANY 4215 Rider Trail North, Earth City (St. Louis), Missouri, 63045 USA Phone: 314-291-7700 1-800-325-8827 FAX: 314-291-4880 E-mail: info@cmeco.com Website: www.cmeco.com ® Rubber-Tired, Tried and True The CME-750X is the culmination of over 30 years of experience in ATV drill technology. It's been designed and refined from the ground up to provide the best combination of mobility and drilling performance you can get with a rubber-tired all-terrain drill rig. There are no compromises. All-terrain means you can get to jobs inaccessible to truck-mounted rigs without building costly access roads. And with its built-in auger racks, toolboxes, and water tanks, the CME-750X carries everything you need to get the job done when you get there. Of course the rubber tires won't damage most pavement, so you can use this rig on city streets as well. The dependable mechanical rotary drive is available in standard, high-torque, or high-speed models. The high-torque version provides up to 12,950 foot pounds of torque while the high-speed model gives you spindle speeds up to 930 rpm. And 30,000 pounds of retract force let's you take on those big drilling jobs. The CME-750X is available with the same options as our truck-mounted drills, like automatic SPT hammer, hydraulic rod holder and breakout wrench, quick mast disconnect, various hydraulic hoists, and many more. If your jobs call for a rig that can get through mud, snow, sand, and rough terrain, check out the CME-750X. It'll get you there; and then it'll get the job done.


I'd like to start with an apology for the big build up and even bigger let down, regarding my experiences in Bali. I returned home two days ago with a bacterial stomach infection that kept me confined to bed for my last 24 hours in Bali and these past 48 hours in Hong Kong. But today, I'm feeling much better, despite having to wear shoes for the first time in a week.
Where do I start??? Bali is like no place I have been. I love Bali. Notice my use of love in the present tense, as I most certainly will return. My relationship with Bali is only beginning. With its rich culture, deeply spiritual people, seductive sunsets, miles of deep sandy beaches, spectacular waves, rice terraces and volcano hillsides, it's no wonder Bali is one of the world's most popular island destinations. Surfers first discovered the waves and beaches in the 1970's. Soon there after tourism became the biggest income earner. From 2002 to 2005 Bali experienced an economic crash, as the result of countless terrorist bombings. But today, the hospitality industry is flourishing. You can't help but to feel safe in Bali. When was the last time you had to go through airport security to leave an airport? Each time you enter a hotel, the cars are searched for bombs, and if walking all bags are searched.
On this trip, I visited two areas of the island. Ubud, located in central Bali and Seminyak, located in the south. I'm working on posts for each of my destinations. But first, I thought I would share a few helpful hints I wish I'd known before arriving.
Your passport must be valid for at least six months prior to your visit. Unless you're a national of an asian country, you will need a tourist visa to visit Bali. However, you can get this upon arrival. It takes seconds, requires no paper work and costs only US $25. However, immigration is a whole other story. The lines are craaaaazzzzy! If you don't want to spend the first half of your holiday at the airport, you'll want to head over to the right side of the immigration hall. There, you'll see young men with very official looking badges hanging around their necks. [Side note: I have no idea how official they were… just keep reading] For another US $25, they will take your passport and process it in the matter of minutes. A group of us followed our official immigration officer past the immigration lines, where we waited near the baggage carousels for the return of our processed passports. At first I was a little worried having my passport out of sight, but others in the group said they do this all the time and it's the only way to enter. Within 10-15 minutes later we had our passports and were free! Note to self… DO THAT!!! While getting my luggage I overheard some people waited 2 hours.
Another helpful hint- If you can't read a thing without your specs, make sure you have them handy once you exit security. Finding my driver holding my name card was almost comical. There were hundreds of drivers, 4-5 rows deep, about 100-150 ft. in length! I kid not. It took three passes before seeing the driver. Pretty fun welcome, I must say!


Some people are born with a natural skill for this sort of thing, and an eye that is especially attuned to it as well. Decorating and setting up homes is nothing to them, and something that flows as easily as water. However, this is not really the case for everyone. Which means that one half of people find it harder than they need to. Well, as it turns out, with a few well-placed tips you can make an experience of it. It can also be a whole lot of fun, since there is some creativity involved. Not locking yourself into a square when it comes to ideas is key. Let your imagination flow, and do not be afraid to experiment.
Visual appeal is created in many different ways. And that is not just by matching the right colours and sourcing all your pieces from the same place. On the contrary, most people achieve their visual symbiosis by opting for varying designs, textures, heights and shapes. Did you know that the odd number rule is a very popular rule in decorating and interior designing? This is because anything placed in odd numbers creates visual impact, and attracts the eye subconsciously. Only when you think about it and dig deeper do you realize exactly which features stand out.
You may want to show your room off in all its glory. But if you put in too many things at a time, you will end up drowning it instead. So to avoid this, zero in on a focal point. What is it about your room that really stands out? How can you draw attention to it? Which part of the room do you like the best? How can you accentuate it? Perhaps you are looking for a unique dressing table australia for your bedroom. Or a lovely couch to set up in the hall. Whatever it is, keep one area as the place you want to focus your attention on, and let the rest flow.
Have you ever come across spaces that seem so effortlessly put together and so elegant and chic? Well, though it may not seem like it, there is actually a lot of work that has gone into this. Have you ever heard of measurement rules when it comes to interior designing? These are the rules that govern where you hang your painting on the wall about the couch. Or that coffee table which needs to be placed around 15" from the sofa, and your curtains need to overlap 1-3" on either side of the window. Little things that seem insignificant, but actually are not.
The worst thing you can do is head off on a shopping spree without an inkling of how much you can afford. You want to set your budget first, identifying places you can head to so you can bring home all the things you wanted to implement. Better yet, look for home improvement shops with discounts and offers. And if there is a seasonal sale coming up next month, why not rough it out and wait a bit? You can get stuff for much cheaper. You just need to hang in there. Why not save a buck or two while you are at it?


Q: What is an interactive wedding album?
A: It is an interactive album we create specifically for iOS devices (iPad and iPhone). We call it the Capsule™. We combine all of your favorite photos with the videos that we produce to create a unique interactive experience. Unlike the normal videos that you would receive separately from a traditional wedding album, the user has control as to where and what they want to view. The album is divided into chapters so the user is free to navigate.
Q: Is the interactive wedding album like a fusion video?
A: No. A fusion video does not give the user any control beyond pressing the "play" button.
Q: Will I be able to view my album on a TV screen?
A: Yes. It can be sent to an Apple TV via Airplay.
Q: I already have my photographer booked for my wedding. Can I still hire you to create an interactive wedding album?
A: We are happy to work along side your preferred still photographer. We can capture only the video portion of the Capsule and still include all of your favorite photographs into the Capsule™.
Q: Is the iPad included in the package?
A: No. It is an additional cost to purchase the iPad.


Wisconsin injury attorneys Matthew Boller and Michele Vaughan opened the law firm of Boller & Vaughan in 2004, bringing with them over 40 years of experience. They envisioned a law firm in which clients would receive personalized legal services in a comfortable, professional environment.
Mr. Boller and Ms. Vaughan are committed to providing aggressive, top-quality legal services to individuals and families suffering from personal injuries, including motor vehicle accidents and Nursing Home abuse and neglect.
The attorneys' backgrounds, styles, and approaches are diverse, allowing for collaboration and a teamwork that will produce the best results for their clients.
Boller & Vaughan will continue to fight to protect all of the rights of Wisconsin residents and specifically the resident rights who live in nursing homes, community based residential facilities, assisted living facilities and adult family homes.
Boller & Vaughan has obtained the largest monetary verdict ever on behalf of a Wisconsin nursing home resident. (Over one million dollars.) Boller & Vaughan continue to be the leading law firm in the State of Wisconsin in recovering, in and out of court, for nursing home residents.
No other law firm in the state has dedicated their practice to protecting the rights of vulnerable residents of nursing home and assisted living facilities. Boller & Vaughan continue to be frequent lecturers on the rights of elderly citizens, and our cases have been featured in USA Today.
Boller & Vaughan's Madison accident lawyers also represent the rights of those individuals injured in all types of accidents. Boller & Vaughan has settled thousands of motor vehicle accident claims and continues to dedicate a significant portion of their practice to the rights of those injured in motor vehicle accidents.
At Boller & Vaughan LLC, we also represent people in product liability cases, medical malpractice, mental health patient abuse/neglect and many other areas.
If you or a loved one has been injured or killed as a result of someone else's negligence or wrongdoing in Madison or anywhere in Wisconsin – whether in a motor vehicle accident or as a result of nursing home neglect, please call the injury lawyers of Boller & Vaughan LLC at 608-268-0268 or submit an online questionnaire. Your initial consultation is free and, if we agree to handle your case, we will work on a contingency fee basis, which means we get paid for our services only if there is a monetary recovery of funds. Please call right away to ensure that you do not waive your right to possible compensation.
Boller & Vaughan helped me through one of the most difficult times in my life following my husband's death. After his death, I was angry and confused because the nursing home would not listen to me when I told them my husband was sick. Boller & Vaughan explained my husband's rights and helped me understand what the nursing home's job was. I cannot bring back my husband, but without Boller & Vaughan, I would not have had any of my questions or concerns addressed.


Caracalla: theater in the Baths. Buy the best tickets from BV Events!
This opera and ballet site has an incredible history. It dates back to the beginning of the third century AD. It was not only a place for leisure: a Greek library and a Roman library were available to the guests, who belonged to all Roman classes, as emperor Caracalla (after whom the baths are named) aimed to please everyone in the city.
Today the central part of the baths is used for operas, ballets and concerts. The first performance of the three tenors happened here in 1990!
We offer 1 night in Hotel (2** or superior) in Rome so please write in the notes if you need to add extra nights and also the names of all the persons who will use it.


The publishing company won Best Workplace in the Americas and Safety Shield awards.
STEVENS POINT – A Stevens Point printing company was recently named one of the best workplaces in terms of human resources and safety.
According to a news release, the Printing Industries of America presented Worzalla Publishing Company with Best Workplace in the Americas and Safety Shield awards.
Printing Industries of America awards the Best Workplace in the Americas awards to companies in graphic arts and related fields that have created a working environment where employees have strong human resources practices where employees can thrive. A company receiving this award needs to be committed to superiority in communication and culture, employee resources and benefits, and work environment and safety, according to the release.
The Safety Shield award is given to companies with high standards of occupational safety and health. Companies are evaluated by OSHA standards, workplace health and safety best practices, and employee safety training programs.
This year is the third consecutive year Worzalla has been named one of the best workplaces, but the first year it is recognized in the safety designation.
Worzalla is an employee-owned printing company, founded in 1892 with headquarters in Stevens Point. The printing company specializes in producing cookbooks, lifestyle books and children's books. Last April, Worzalla hosted children's book author Jeff Kinney to celebrate the 200 millionth copy of the "Diary of a Wimpy Kid" series sold. The company has been printing the series since the first batch of 25,000 copies was printed in 2007 and still prints about 70% to 75% of the book series.
"Companies recognized in the Best Workplace in the Americas program exhibit the highest commitment to success in many ways, but particularly through their employees," said Michael Makin, the president and CEO of Printing Industries of America.


History zofran so expensive Now, the search is on for the owners, because the firefighters believe the dog could have been swept more than a mile away from where he likely went into the water.
How do I get an outside line? catapres patch tts-2 Another 126 gallons spilled on the deck of the Bravo but was contained and will be cleaned up.


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State of Palestine: IDF detonates explosives in Hebron after missing teens found dead
Palestinian Territory, Occupied, Hebron
July 1, 2014 at 02:25 GMT +00:00 · Published
Israeli soldiers continued military operations in the West Bank town of Hebron on Monday, detonating explosives inside several houses after searchers found the bodies of three missing teenagers earlier in the day.
Reports relaying information from local witnesses say the explosives were used to demolish the houses of Marwan Qawasmeh and Amer Abu Aisha, who were named earlier this week as prime suspects in the disappearances by Israeli security service Shin Bet.
Three bodies, believed to be those of yeshiva students missing since being abducted returning from a school located in a settlement within the borders of the State of Palestine, were found partially buried on the outskirts of the city.
USA: Locals react as Biden and Harris lead COVID tribute in DCUSA: Locals react as Biden and Harris lead COVID tribute in DC


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Home Support Where Can I Find the MTBF for My NI Device?
Where Can I Find the MTBF for My NI Device?
What is a MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) specification sheet?
Where can I find the MTBF specification sheet for my NI device?
What is the process for requesting an MTBF specification sheet for a particular product?
MTBF stands for Mean Time Between Failures. It is one of many metrics used to try to determine the reliability of a product. MTBF is a predictive metric used to attempt to forecast potential product failures based on a mathematical model of a number of factors, primarily the components and uses of components on a product. MTBF is usually measured in hours, and is listed for some of devices in their specification sheet
As MTBFs attempt to predict future failures based on models, it may be more or less successful in actually reflecting the reliability of a product. For NI products, MTBF is not a reliable indicator of hardware failure frequency. MTBF should not be used as a measure to predict precisely when a device will fail for NI devices.
In order to request an MTBF specification that is not already available, please contact technical support and have the following information available:
Model number of the device for which the MTBF calculation is desired
Desired MTBF calculation model
Environmental Conditions for the model
Ambient operating temperature during test
Operating duty cycle
Requesting an MTBF analysis does not guarantee NI will be able to provide the requested specification.
White Paper: What Is Reliability?
Test System Maintenance


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Kandi Burruss Shared Her Surrogacy Plans On 'Watch What Happens Live'
Viewers want to know when a baby is coming...
By Kristin Canning
Charles Sykes/Bravo
Real Housewives of Atlanta star Kandi Burruss says she's made headway in the process of having a baby via surrogate on 'Watch What Happens Live.'
Andy Cohen, who recently had a child via surrogate, has been giving her advice on how to approach her surrogacy journey.
She shared that she and her husband, Todd Tucker, had been going back and forth about whether they should pursue surrogacy.
ICYMI, Kandi Burress, one of the stars of The Real Housewives of Atlanta, shared that she's moving forward with surrogacy to have her second child with husband Todd Tucker. On Sunday's episode of Watch What Happens Live, a viewer called in with a question for Kandi.
"A couple of episodes back, watching you talk with a surrogate and your doctor, I just wanted to see how that's going? Are we going to see a baby any time soon?" the viewer asked.
Kandi made a nervous but excited face, and responded that she didn't want to reveal too much, but "we have moved forward. God willing."
The 42-year-old has a three-year-old son Ace, with Tucker, and a 16-year-old daughter Riley from her previous relationship with Russell Spencer.
Kandi had talked about the surrogacy process before with Busy Philipps on Busy Tonight. She said she'd used IVF when she got pregnant with Ace, and that Andy Cohen, who also had a child via surrogate earlier this year, offered her some advice about the process.
"This has been kind of a thing for me and my husband, like, 'Should we do it? Should we not do it?'" Kandi said. "I had made a comment, I said something about, 'I guess I'm going to have a baby mama. He said to me, 'Don't you ever say that.'" Kandi teared up as she continued. "He was like, 'Because you are the mother and to say she's your baby mama? That's taking away from you.'"
Kandi said she tends to be an open book on RHOA, and being open about the surrogacy process is part of that. Kudus to her for sharing that journey!
Kristin Canning Kristin Canning is the health editor at Women's Health, where she assigns, edits and reports on emerging health research and technology, women's health conditions, psychology, mental health, wellness entrepreneurs, and the intersection of health and culture for both print and digital.
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While Western feminists observe Hijab Day, the real oppression of women is the persecution of those who don't wear hijab, and their defenders, such as Nasrin Sotoudeh.
Iranian human rights lawyer Nasrin Sotoudeh has been sentenced to serve 38 years in prison and 148 lashes, according to her family.
Sotoudeh was convicted of "gathering and colluding to commit crimes against national security" and for "insulting the Supreme Leader," according to IRNA.
She is renowned for representing human rights defenders, dissidents, and women who protested against the compulsory wearing of a headscarf in the country.
Nasrin Sotoudeh's husband, Reza Khandan, wrote in a Facebook post that she has been sentenced to 33 years and 148 lashes. Stating that she was awarded five years in prison in absentia, her punishment now amounts to a total of 38 years in prison.
Contradicting Khandan, the state media, citing the judge in the case, Mohammad Moghiseh, stated that Sotoudeh has been sentenced to seven years in prison.
However, the reason for the discrepancy in the reports was not immediately clear….