What is Hevra Kadisha at PSJC?
For centuries, every Jewish community maintained its own Hevra Kadisha—a sacred fellowship whose members lovingly cleanse, dress, lay out and watch over the bodies of the dead until burial. In cooperation with our G'maCh (Kindness) and Cemetery Committees, PSJC currently maintains the only Hevra Kadisha in Brooklyn (and one of only 4 citywide) under egalitarian Jewish auspices.
Our Hevra Kadisha volunteers are on call to fulfill the imperatives of hesed shel emet (true kindness, or kindness at the moment of truth) for PSJC members and their immediate relatives who die in our community. Sh'mirah (vigil-keeping) volunteers—men, women, and teenagers—sit in pairs for two-hour shifts around the clock. Taharah (cleansing and dressing) is performed in the early morning or late evening by a small group of volunteers—women for women, and men for men—under the guidance of an experienced team leader.
Our Hevra Kadisha needs YOU!
As our community grows, so does our need to stay connected. Our Hevra Kadisha continues to welcome additional PSJC members to our ranks for both sh'mirah and taharah. The only prerequisite is a willingness to be respectful and cooperative in the presence of the dead. If you would like to learn more and receive updates about future educational programs, please write to us.
Celebrate and Honor the incredible work of our Hevra Kadisha at this annual 7th of Adar Dinner. This year, we are thrilled to have Rabbi Lisa Gelber teaching us following dinner.
Join us for a spirited Kabbalat Shabbat celebration with our cantor, Judy Ribnick, followed by a vegetarian, dairy potluck Shabbat dinner at 7:30PM and Dr. Persico's talk at 8:00PM.
Persico is a scholar of meditation and religion at several universities in Israel. He is a social activist for freedom of religion in Israel. He has contributed numerous articles to newspapers and periodicals in Israel and writes the most popular blog in Hebrew on these subjects.
Please join us for our annual Hevra Kadisha dinner, honoring the work of these usually anonymous volunteers. The Dinner will feature an address by Rabbi Yael Shmilovitz of Bellevue Hospital Center.
featuring Reb Simcha Raphael, Rabbinic Pastor of the DA'AT Institute in Philadelphia, who will deliver a lecture titled.
Does Judaism believe in life after death? Yes! Yet today we have lost touch with Jewish teachings on the afterlife journey of the soul, and many assume that Judaism does not believe in life after death. Within Jewish folk religion and mysticism, however, there exists a tapestry of stories about invisible worlds populated by ghosts, lost souls, haunting spirits, dybbukim, and heavenly guides. Within these stories are Jewish teachings on death and afterlife, which can provide meaning and comfort during periods of loss and mourning. Join us as we explore the "twilight between worlds". Through story-telling and conversations about the meaning of life, death and the world beyond, we will learn about the rich legacy of Jewish views of the afterlife.
$20 general admission for children/students/limited income.
ONE OF THE MOST difficult situations we face in life is arranging for the funeral of a loved one. Today as in ancient times, families often feel pressured into spending huge sums of money on funerals, sometimes even going into debt—especially if they are making all the decisions about arrangements immediately after someone has died.
Jewish tradition stresses simplicity and affirms the equality of all human beings at death. We are encouraged to take the money that might otherwise be spent on a more lavish funeral and direct it toward life-giving tzedakah (righteous giving).
If you would like to learn more and receive updates about future educational programs, please write to us.
Offer to drive late-night volunteers to or from the funeral home.
Add your name to our PSJC G'mach (Kindness) Committee notifications list, so that you'll know who's in need of a hospital or homebound visit, or a meal or prayer service in a house of mourning.
If you're already receiving G'mach notifications, try to show up whenever you can even if it's for someone you don't know, or don't know well.
Are you curious about how the Hevra Kadisha (holy society) performs tahara (preparing a body for burial)?
Have you ever wondered if joining the Park Slope Jewish Center Hevra Kadisha is for you? Interested in learning more?
Why is the Hevra Kadisha so important?
Death is part of life. In times of illness and loss, our Jewish imperatives of kindness call us to show up and care for each other, regardless of our social connections or professional credentials. Most synagogues that seek to organize as supportive communities face a major challenge to their caring efforts when it comes to honoring the dead. We have found that the Hevra Kadisha provides comfort for those who grieve, enriches the lives of those who serve, and strengthens our community as a whole.
The services of the Hevra Kadisha are considered optional at most Jewish funeral homes. Upon request, funeral homes usually bring in fee-for-service taharah teams, and pay an hourly or shift rate for sh'mirah. Just as we don't rely upon outside professionals to visit the sick and comfort the bereaved in our PSJC community, we believe that those who die in our community should be cared for by members of our community, and not by strangers, at the sacred and vulnerable time of death.
We understand that, when you are on call, you can only be available when you are available. That's why we always welcome new volunteers, since we never know who will be available when our community's next time of need will arise. We may go for a year or more without a mobilization, or we may find ourselves mobilizing twice in the span of a month—for an overnight, or for 2-3 days before a funeral. If you sign up, you will be asked to specify any limits on your availability, including how early and how late you can be called. You decide.
A significant number of our PSJC Hevra Kadisha volunteers are parents of young children, and take turns looking after their children during a mobilization. We have found that young children are respectfully curious about their parents' involvement in this kind of effort. Encouraging their questions as part of a family dialogue helps to insure that the values of caring for our own at death will be reclaimed and passed on to the next generation.
I don't think I can deal directly with the dead. Are there other ways I can help?
Come and show your support at our annual Hevra Kadisha dinner and program, which is an opportunity for the community as a whole to eat, drink, and celebrate our caring community. Our 3rd annual Hevra Kadisha dinner in 2007 featured "Ways of Peace: A Jewish / Muslim Dialogue on Preparing the Dead for Burial." Our 5th annual Hevra Kadisha dinner in February 2009 drew nearly 60 participants to learn about the range of approaches to Jewish afterlife—and, the following morning, about the connection to Jewish "interlife" in our sacred burial fellowship work.


Direction of Use : Apply intense layer of Coconut milk scrub on clean Skin to your trouble areas on your body , smoothly massage with a circular motions . then let the coconut milk scrub sit for minimum 10 minutes , remove with lukewarm water .
Samples : One (Test Samples 200 gm ), Is Fully Charged 180 US$ - Picking up the Samples Must be arranged by Buyer - Amount spent on Samples will be completely returned to you in case of doing business with our Company. We hope and wish to have your total understanding on this delicate matter.


Now you can personalize your Pitt Email (Outlook) address by adding an email alias to your Pitt Email (Outlook) address. An alias is simply an additional email address that people can use to send email messages to you at Pitt.
Let's say your name is John Smith and your current Pitt Email (Outlook) address is jas987@pitt.edu. You might decide to add an email alias such as johnsmith@pitt.edu or John.A.Smith@pitt.edu to make your address a bit easier for others to remember.
Setting an email alias will not change how you receive your University email. All email–whether it is sent to your email alias or to your official University email address–will be delivered to the same place you read it today.
Log in to My Pitt (my.pitt.edu).
Click Manage My Account in the left-hand column.
Click the Email Aliases tab and follow the instructions.
Does an email alias replace my official University email address?
No. Your official University email address does not change or go away if you decide to create an email alias. An email address is just another address that can be used in addition to your University email address.
Why would I want to use an email alias?
There are many reasons why someone might be interested in using an email alias. You might want to create an email alias that is easy for others to remember. You may want to create an alias that you can use when you are representing a University club or organization. Or you may want to create one email alias that you share with your students and a separate email alias that you share with colleagues with whom you are working on a research project.
Will setting an email alias change the username and password that I use to log in to My Pitt and other services?
No. You will still use your official University Computing Account username and password to log in to My Pitt (my.pitt.edu) and other enterprise technology services. If you need to log in with your email address, you will log in with username@pitt.edu, not your email alias.
If I create an email alias, will I miss messages that are sent to my official University email address?
No. You will receive all of your University email in the same location that you do today, regardless of whether the message is sent to one of your email aliases or to your official University email address.
What if two people request the same email alias?
Email aliases are granted on a first-come, first-served basis. When you log in to create your email alias, you can check to see if the alias in which you are interested is still available.
If I add an email alias, which email address will display in the "From" field when I send someone an email message?
When you set an email alias, you will be able to select which email address you want to use as your "primary address." The email address you select as your primary address is the email address that will display in the "From" field when you send a message to someone. You can make one of your email aliases your primary address, or you can keep your official University email address as your primary address.
How many aliases can I add?
You can add up to two email aliases.
Can I set an external email address (for example, a Gmail address) as my email alias?
No. All email aliases must end with @pitt.edu.
I have a sponsored account. Can I set an email alias for it?
Yes. If you have a sponsored (rather than a primary) University Computing Account, you can still set up to two email aliases.
Can I delete an email alias that I have created?
No. The service is intended to enable students, faculty, and staff to create email aliases that can be used on a long-term basis to meet ongoing academic or business needs. To help discourage the creation of short-term, temporary email aliases, individuals will not have the ability to delete or remove an email alias that they have created.
What criteria must my email alias meet?
Alias should not be used to misrepresent your identity.
Alias should be professional in nature.
Alias must be longer than eight characters or contain a period, dash, or underscore (This requirement will prevent your alias from conflicting with actual Pitt usernames that may be created in the future for new students, faculty, and staff).
I currently forward my University email to another address. If I create an email address, will messages sent to that alias also be forwarded?
Yes. Messages sent to your email alias will adhere to your current email forwarding preferences.
If I create an email alias and set it as my "From" address, will it also show up as my "advertised email address" in Find People (find.pitt.edu)?


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Events from the year 1897 in Russia.

Incumbents
 Monarch – Nicholas II

Events

 Russian Empire Census
 World Chess Championship 1897
 Belushya Guba
 Moscow Art Theatre

Births

Deaths

References

1897 in Russia
Years of the 19th century in the Russian Empire

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Workplace Safety Questions and Answers
What does LEL mean?
Other Questions/Answers
ANSI (19)
Ammonia Pipe Marking (14)
Arc Flash (21)
Barcoding (17)
Continuous Improvement (1)
Crane Safety (20)
Electrical Safety (47)
Emergency Evacuation (21)
Equipment Labeling (5)
Facility Efficiency (16)
Fire Safety (35)
Floor Marking (33)
Forklift Safety (23)
GHS (34)
Gemba (19)
Hazcom (49)
Kaizen (25)
Kanban (21)
Lockout Tagout (21)
Mining Safety (7)
NFPA (25)
OSHA (38)
Organized Workplace (12)
Pipe Marking (32)
Rack Labeling (10)
Regulations & Compliance (14)
Safety Signs (23)
Six Sigma (33)
Solar Panel Labeling (4)
Spanish Resources (3)
Spill Cleanup (16)
TPM (11)
Tool Organization (21)
Valve Tag (19)
Wire Marking (35)
Workplace Safety (74)
LEL (lower explosive limit) and LFL (lower flammable limit) are used interchangeably according to fire science literature and regulation. The LEL is the defined minimum concentration of gases and vapors suspended in the air that allows for ignition in the presence of an energy source. On the opposite spectrum there is the UEL (upper flammable limit) which is the maximum concentration of vapor or gas that will allow for ignition. Anything above that specific concentration level will not ignite. LEL and UEL are terms commonly used in the oil and gas industry as well as shipyards due to the frequency of working in confined spaces in the presence of chemical vapors and gases. Other working environments that often cause ignition hazards regarding both LEL and UEL are present in drying paints, cleaning with acids or solvents, and even the fermentation and decomposition process.
Another large part of understanding the LEL of these combustion hazards involves the fire triangle model. This model has a big part in determining when these types of explosions and fire hazards have the chance to occur. Prior to combustion, there are three parts needed for ignition and those are an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen), heat (an ignition source), and fuel (the combustible gas). However, these three requirements change when different combustible gases are present. Not only that, but the flammable range for each of those gases will also differ when oxygen levels change from the normal oxygen saturation of 21%.
OSHA Guidelines + LEL
Guidelines supported by OSHA exist in the attempt to help employers comply with regulations concerning confined space. By following these guidelines, the prevention of accidents involving volatile chemical explosions is attainable. One of these guidelines involving LEL, for example, is located in section 1915.12(b)(3). OSHA states "Atmospheres with a concentration of flammable vapors at or above 10 percent of the lower explosive level (LEL) are considered hazardous when located in confined spaces. However, atmospheres with flammable vapors below 10 percent of the LEL are not necessarily safe." To follow this guideline, care should be taken perform a fire risk assessment to identify any leaks and doing as much as possible outside the confined space itself where work is required.
What is H2S?
What are hazards in a confined space?
What is a confined space?
What are hazard controls?
How are hazards controlled in a confined space?
What are common hazards at a construction site?
What's inside a first aid kit?
How are accidents at the workplace prevented?
What is process safety management (PSM)?
Fire Prevention in the Workplace [OSHA 1910.39]
Fire Safety in the Workplace
Confined Space Hazards
Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS Labels)
View all Workplace Safety Q&A
5S Powerpoint
Safety Audit
OSHA + ANSI Safety Colors

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Капсуль — металевий ковпачок для запалення порохового заряду в набої, снарядній гільзі.
 Капсуль-детонатор
 Капсуль — елемент вуздечки у вигляді шкіряного кільця, яке охоплює верхню або нижню частину перенісся.


This statistic shows the distribution of the total number of P2P (person-to-person) transactions in the Netherlands in 2017, by payment method. The numbers mentioned here concern payments to other consumers, not payments at points of sale. According to the source, this involved nearly 800 million transactions, with a total value of approximately 20 billion euros in 2017. Of these payments, 72 percent were made in cash, with 22 percent done by electronic means such as online and mobile transfer, whether or not initiated using a mobile app such as iDEAL, Paypal, Bunq, Tikkie, ING, Rabo or Knab.


Carolina comes from Mexico, from Guadalajara, the second largest city located in western Mexico. After having worked as an au pair in Mexico and the United States, she decided to repeat the experience in Austria.
Falling under the spell of the Viennese capital, she decided to stay there for her career in music and music therapy. She is currently studying Opera at Richard Wagner conservatory.
Her interest in opera started by chance. Having no prior knowledge in classical music, she was introduced to the genre by a friend. Her initial reaction was that opera was over the top. Shortly afterward her curiosity was sparked and she began studying it. Vienna's musical heritage makes it the "capital of classical music". How do you study at the conservatory in a city with such an important classical musical heritage?
The studies last 8 years, in which theoretical course and singing lessons are given. From 1 hour to 2 hours per week, they take part in singing lessons. They do vocal exercises, learn how to use proprely the entire body, perfect their singing technique and then work on the interpretation. To do this, they must be able to speak English, German, Italian, Spanish and Latin.
Opera is often portrayed in a traditional and elitist way: To come to an Opera House, you have to dress with distinction, the entrance may not be affordable, it's long to watch and boring. However, some opera directors are trying hard enough today to democratize it. The world of Opera may seem closed, conservative, bound to tradition. Carolina noticed it among the students. Many of them spend their time at the Opera, are not open to other musical genres. It's a passion, which, in a way, blinds them, which is not the case with Carolina.
She rather sees her to make her career in contemporary music than Opera, since she does not use Opera singing technique, her music includes jazz and pop music genres. She recently recorded her latest song, which she will soon publish on Youtube. The song talks about a beaten woman who summons the courage to stop this situation and being independent. This song is several years old but it was hard to find a good producer. Music is an integral part of Carolina's life, it is much more than a melody.
At the moment she i working in her creation of singing therapy.
Music therapy is " Therapy based on engagement in musical activities: the therapeutic use of music (as to reduce anxiety, improve cognitive functioning, promote physical rehabilitation, or enhance interpersonal communication) that typically involves listening to music, singing, playing musical instruments, or composing music". Music therapy is done in two ways: receptive, listening to music and active, the person produces music. Seconding Carolina, the sound of music emits vibrations that connect to our emotions and can help relieve them. The elements that make up music (rhythm, frequency, intensity, musical structure) will trigger emotions.
The patient begins to sing, lets her/his emotions run free. Meanwhile, Carolina observes what the patient is expressing and that's when the work starts when Carolina starts asking questions. Music therapy can also help strengthen the bond between mothers and their babies, or people with psychological disorders. Carolina has diverse and varied interests, which she uses in her job. She intends to travel to discover other ways to heal.
This year, Carolina plans to go to South America, looking for new experiences and broaden her knowledge. She wants to know more about non-traditional care methods or other forms of therapy. So she plans to travel to find out more. Shamanism, family constellation, Reiki are some of the methods that leave some professionals from other more "conventional" disciplines, doubtful in contrast to Carolina.
Her goal is to be inspired by these alternative methods, including ancestral healing techniques. Indigenous knowledge is very popular in Mexico, there are different techniques used, with stone, water or sacred plants.
The most important thing for her is to help others through her melodic therapy.


text:
Q: What event is triggered when a document is saved in a Document Library in SharePoint? We have a document list that contains Excel sheets, the documents that are in the list have to be processed. The processing code is triggered by the EventReceiver.
Until know we used the ItemCheckedIn event, but this isn't triggered when the user just saves a document from within Excel. I have tried to use the ItemUpdated event, but that doesn't seem to work either.
So I'm wondering whether there is an event that is triggered when a user saves the document from within Excel.

A: There are Before and After events when updating/adding list items.  Here is a comprehensive list of all of those events:
Before Events

*

*ItemAdding

*ItemUpdating

*ItemDeleting

After Events

*

*ItemAdded

*ItemUpdated

*ItemDeleted

*ItemAttachmentAdded

*ItemAttachmentDeleted

*ItemCheckedIn

*ItemCheckedOut

*ItemFileConverted

*ItemFileMoved

*ItemUncheckedOut

A: ItemAdded?
It's a little confusing since one event handler gets called when the document is initially saved and ItemUpdated gets called when you set any custom properties on the item, at least if you're using the default SharePoint web UI.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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AP Sources: Phillies agree to 5-year deal with Zach Wheeler

By ROB MAADDI
 AP Sports Writer

PHILADELPHIA (AP) — Two people familiar with the deal say the Philadelphia Phillies and right-hander Zack Wheeler have agreed on a five-year, $118 million contract.
Both people spoke to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity Wednesday because they weren't authorized to announce the signing.
The 29-year-old Wheeler stays in the NL East after spending his first seven seasons with the New York Mets. He was 11-8 with a 3.96 ERA last season after going 12-7 with a 3.31 ERA in 2018. Wheeler missed the entire 2015-2016 seasons following Tommy John surgery.
He'll join a rotation led by Aaron Nola that also includes Jake Arrieta. The Phillies are still likely pursuing another starter to go with Zach Eflin, Vince Velasquez and Nick Pivetta.
Wheeler is 44-38 with a 3.77 ERA in 126 career starts. He has 726 strikeouts in 749 [1/3] innings.
More AP MLB: https://apnews.com/MLB and https://twitter.com/AP–Sports


The early period instrument recordings seemed strait-jacketed by the technical demands of the instruments. As performers such as baroque violin soloist Giuliano Carmignola and the Venice Baroque Orchestra have become more technically proficient this has permitted a freer interpretative approach, the fruits of which are successfully heard on this release.
This is the second release in this series from Sony Classical and it includes premier performances of Vivaldi�s unpublished late violin concertos (see SK 51352). It is surprising, with the recording frenzy that has followed Vivaldi�s music, that there are still more unpublished concertos waiting to be recorded for the first time; perhaps not even having been performed for nearly three hundred years.
We are informed in the booklet notes that post 1730, Vivaldi found that with so many of his published scores in circulation it was becoming increasingly difficult to interest the public in his newer ones. Vivaldi came up with the idea of offering his unpublished scores, privately to his patrons for their own personal use. Fortunately Vivaldi scholars are now rediscovering these unpublished scores in private collections or archived in Libraries and six of those concertos appear on this release, with, I believe, more recordings in the pipeline.
Clearly at ease with the technical demands violin Professor Carmignola clearly loves this music and plays evincing a controlled power and sophistication expertly blended with a certain panache. I particularly like the colour and variety of Andrea Marcon�s original continuo realisation with the second harpsichord alternating with a baroque organ together with an archlute.
The selected concertos are of a consistently high quality and reward repeated listening. These scores are inventive and frequently beautiful - so typical of later Vivaldi concertante compositions. I feel compelled to single out the expressively meditative slow movements of RV 222, RV 273, RV 295 and RV 375 for particular praise.
These are magnificent accounts to cherish. A must for lovers of late baroque music. An added bonus is the most natural and warm sound quality provided by the Sony engineers.


text:
Liz Foster
There's a Cousin Greg Inside All of Us
"Have you ever seen, like, so, a doobie?" asks Greg Hirsch of HBO's Succession. "You're gonna go to the party. You're gonna get him a nice gift. And you're gonna look nice," replies his mother. After a weed-induced vomiting episode in the presence of a crowd of children, Greg is…
Netflix's Texas Chainsaw Massacre is the Final Nail in the Franchise's Coffin
The 2022 sequel to the iconic 1973 The Texas Chainsaw Massacre continues the slew of disappointing horror remakes, sequels, and spin-offs. Texas Chainsaw Massacre released on Netflix earlier this month rocketed to the spot of the second most watched film or television series on the platform, garnering nearly 30 million…
The Rise and Fall of Esskeetit: Revisiting Lil Pump
"Yeah, I sell crack in the halls," brags a then-17-year-old Gazzy Garcia, better known by his rap moniker Lil Pump, on his track "Boss." The single would be one of many that skyrocketed Lil Pump to the limelight of SoundCloud and "mumble rap" at the end of the 2010s. …
Retrospective Review: Matt Ox's "Pull Up ft. Key" Ages like Fine Wine
"I told her to pull up, I don't really love her, I might have to dub her," concedes youthful star Matt Ox on his 2018 hit "Pull Up." The artist was a mere thirteen-year-old when he collaborated with Atlanta rapper Key on this timeless track. …
I Watched Escape From Tomorrow and I Wish I Didn't
Films don't often leave me riddled with regret. The bar is pretty high; after all, two weeks ago I reviewed a Kevin Smith movie centered around turning a podcaster into a walrus — check out Tusk if you're ready for a disturbing time. This Monday-Movie-Night brought my Jarvis suite back…
Everywhere but the White House: Bernie Sanders the Viral Hit
"People will put Bernie Sanders anywhere but the White House," tweeted seemingly half of the Twitter-verse following President Biden's inauguration on January 20th. Some joked that the inauguration was being live-tweeted like an award show, with users conjuring up memes within seconds of even the most mundane moments on the…
Tusk is Kevin Smith's Bloody Body Horror Disasterpiece
I don't know how to feel about this. Decades upon decades of slashes, jump scares, and found footage have exhausted the horror genre with every gruesome shot, haunting villain, and twist and turn imaginable. Tusk, a 2014 film written and directed by comic book aficionado and podcast nerd Kevin Smith…
Yeezus is a Timeless Masterpiece
Kanye West positioned himself as a polarizing icon in mainstream media the moment he entered the music industry in the late 1990s; he's managed to hold the twenty-first century's eyes captive throughout his career. To some, he is a genius, a messiah of music whose talents stretch to all corners…
Immortalizing Juice WRLD: Legends Never Die Review
"Sometimes it feels like I can't die, 'cause I was never alive," raps Juice WRLD, nee Jarad Higgins, whose untimely passing ripped through the music industry exactly one year ago. His first posthumous album Legends Never Die, released in April of 2020, arrived over a year after his last full…
Memes are the Only Thing Left to Save Us:
How the Internet Reformed Reactionary Humor in 2020 As Election Night stretched across four endless days, teenagers and 20-somethings dashed to the internet to meme their hearts out over a night riddled with anxiety. Jokes about Nevada taking its sweet, sweet time to count ballots as the state grew increasingly crucial to the race; the "Chartthrobs" of CNN…
half college paper archives, half new. here in hopes someone might read it. thx. email me: lizfoster666@gmail.com
Russell Fugett
Erick Mertz
Pierce Wilson
Naysusa


text:
State BOE adopts new academic standards
By Carrie Hodousek, WV MetroNews
CHARLESTON, W.Va. — The West Virginia Board of Education voted unanimously Thursday to repeal the controversial Common Core/Next Generation teaching standards and adopt a new set of standards called the College and Career Readiness Standards for English, language arts and mathematics, but state lawmakers say the new standards don't address all the issues that have been raised in recent months.
"They don't go far enough," House Speaker Tim Armstead told MetroNews. "I think that they (state lawmakers) feel like Common Core has been a disaster. I feel that it has been a disaster in West Virginia."
Armstead said the new standards are "too similar and too close" to Common Core/Next Gen, which lawmakers have expressed leading up to the 2016 Regular Legislative Session next month.
"It'll be likely that this will be a subject of legislation and consideration during our upcoming session," he said.
Mike Green, the state Board of Education president, told reporters during a break of Thursday's meeting at the state Capitol that he understands the conversation of Common Core/Next Gen is expected to continue between lawmakers and that the board is willing to work with them.
"If they have specific suggestions as to how to improve our standards, the board and the department are very open to listen to them," Green said. "This is not the end of our standards discussions. We will always be working very, very hard to make sure that we improve them every single day."
State School Superintendent Dr. Michael Martirano agreed.
"I am open to any suggestions of individuals as long as it's not going to be something that's going to be disruptive to our educational system," he said.
The new standards were developed based on public comments that were presented by West Virginia University. From July through September the state Department of Education provided an online platform called the Academic Spotlight, so parents, teachers and administrators could review and provide feedback on the current ELA and mathematics standards. Feedback from the 30-day comment period was received from more than 5,000 people.
"The majority of which were our teachers, so I feel very good that this is an opportunity where this was not top-down. This came from the bottom-up in the sense of organically from our teachers," Martirano said.
Martirano said he encourages more public comments in the future to ensure the Common Core/Next Gen controversy does not continue.
"We may not always agree, but listen and try to get it right. That's the best process," he said. "When it's one-sided and something is dictated there's just natural opposition. The more buy-in you get at the local level in a collaborative manner, the better off that you're going to be."
The board also approved Thursday a revised policy which would reduce the amount of formal statewide testing. The recommendation, made by Martirano, eliminates social studies testing in all grades and eliminates testing in science for grades 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 11. It also removes the requirements to administer the ACT EXPLORE, ACT PLAN and ACT COMPASS tests.
Martirano said the new policy will "reduce the tremendous burden in terms of over testing in our state."
He also appointed a commission that will be reviewing all assessments in West Virginia to ensure students are ready for college and careers.
The College and Career Readiness Standards are scheduled to take effect July 1, 2016.
Highlights of the changes include:
· Simplify the presentation of standards for teachers and parents
· Increase prevalence of problem-solving skills with a connection to college, careers and life-needed skills
· Align standards for more grade level appropriateness for all standards at all grade levels
· Include clarifying examples within each standard to make them more relevant to learning
· Include an introduction of foundational skills in ELA and mathematics to ensure mastery of content in future grade levels
· Include handwriting in grades K-4, and explicit mention of cursive writing instruction in grades 2-3
· Include an explicit mention for students to learn multiplication (times) tables by the end of grade 3
· Add standards specific to Calculus with the expectation of Calculus being available to all students


The trip from Lincoln went without note and the weather was wonderful for open motoring. We knew it was going to be hot that day, but it was hard to believe while traveling at 70 mph with the top down on this wonderful 78 degree morning. When we got to the ORV area near Manhattan we pulled off when we say the other Lincoln Rover, a 1970 IIa 88". I was really looking forward to seeing it off-road since this particular vehicle used to be mine. It was Rod's first time doing trails, and he had brought his son with him. After hooking up with Rod we continued on to the ORV area and ran some of the easy parts while waiting for the other Rover's led by Tre McCroskey in his Defender 110, to show up.
One of the first parts of the trail we went up is called Driveshaft. It's generally considered one of the most difficult parts of the ORV area, and we all made it up with little fuss. The loose rock and shale shifts quite a bit so you never know what you are going to encounter on this trail, and when wet it can become dangerous and nearly impassable. At the top there are some optional ledges that offered a great deal of challenge to even the most capable rigs. I had been up this trail once before, and that same day a Jeep slipped sideways and rolled to the bottom. I was a little concerned about some of the less capable rigs making it to the top, and expressed as much on the CB. Now I'm ashamed for my lack of confidence with all the vehicles making it to the top so easily. Our group of drivers as a whole were quite good, and showed great skill overcoming everything in their path. I tended to bash my way along the trails with my usual head-banging style, but I'm learning from running trails with groups like these.
Here are some of those aforementioned ledges. You can see just how large these steps are from this photo. Kyle Caskey in his formidable D-90 made it through this area without much trouble. Gus Seyffert, in his Range Rover, was the next most capable vehicle and was the only other one to make it over this ledge. We had to build a ramp for him out of loose rocks lying around. After some scrapping and some expertly engineered ramp building, Guy made it over with little trouble. This teamwork got all of our vehicles past all of the obstacles with only one tug needed the whole day.
Here is another series of ledges that were fun to play on. Kyle is going up some of the more extreme steps, I have been to this trail many times and seen very few vehicles make it up this obstacle. Look at that articulation! The ORV area was scattered with many such ledges and there never seemed to be an end of things to try. Even after being there all day we didn't manage to cover nearly all of the trails. The area was flooded at the time, but even with many of the trails covered, there was plenty to do. There were hardly any other vehicles on the trail that day, the only other one being a new Jeep TJ. The heat kept anyone sensible inside, which would explain why we you could find so many Rovers out on the trails!
dehydration was a concern in the extreme heat, and we were all taking precautions to drink as much as possible. Brian, in the one Discovery in our group was running his AC all day, and I took a break to sit in it during lunch. It sure was plush compared to my Defender! I normally scorn people who ride trails with the AC on and the radio playing something soothing, but after sitting in his Disco in that heat, I think he had the right idea!
Well, what's a day of Rovering without something going wrong. This Defender 110 belonging to Kermit Krantz was missing under load. We weren't able to discover what was causing it, and decided to just leave it for the time being and return to the trails. Also Tre's 110 had bent a track rod on one of the other obstacles. He was able to keep going, but his wheel wasn't pointing straight anymore. Still, no real major damage, and that's always a good thing.
One of the last areas to play in was this culvert area with a creek winding through it. I had never seen anyone attempt this particular hill before, and when you approach it, it appears to go straight up. One again Kyle was able to do the impossible and I had the pleasure of watching him do it. With both axels locked and the Super Swamper's griping the earth, there were very few places his rig couldn't go. I had to leave for Lincoln at this point, while many of the others stuck around to explore more of the 180+ acres available. It was a great day with great people. I hope to meet up with this group again, and seems how we are all so close, I imagine I will. If you ever find yourself in the Kansas/Nebraska area, look me up. It might surprise you to find the type of four-wheeling Kansas can offer.


Hello all, Thandar here today to host the blog for you. I hope you all are enjoying this wonderful summer-to-be weather.
It is close to 100 degree in California, EEK!! None-the-less I really enjoy the sunshine.
Here is a simple video tutorial of a layout using Calypso and Serendipity collections. Really love the versitilities of powder puff ink and the fact that it is water soluble.
Hope you enjoy my creation as much as I enjoyed creating this project.
Love this mixed media creation - great step by step video tutorial, too!


text:
82D015E7-6B4E-49AF-8653-D7C7F2E98302
Upon review, no replay for disputed Oklahoma game
OKLAHOMA CITY — The ruling on the field stands: A high school football team from a tiny Oklahoma town is moving on to the state semifinals, having topped an Oklahoma City powerhouse after an improperly enforced penalty with 64 seconds left.
"There is neither statute nor case law allowing this court discretion to order the replay of a high school football game," Judge Bernard Jones said Thursday in an order regarding the Nov. 28 game between Douglass and Locust Grove, which Locust Grove won 20-19.
Oklahoma City Public Schools, to which Douglass referred all questions, said it would not pursue further legal action.
"Unfortunately, the outcome of the hearing did not produce the results we hoped for. The judge's decision presents an opportunity for the (Oklahoma Secondary School Activities Association) to review and address the processes and procedures that affect every student athlete in Oklahoma," OKCPS District Athletic Director Keith Sinor said Thursday.
The association scheduled the 3A semifinal between Locust Grove and Heritage Hall for 7 p.m. Friday; the other semifinal was played Dec. 5.
"Around the school right now, I think everybody is kind of excited," Locust Grove athletic director Justin Brown said. "Everybody's getting geared back up again. It's been about two weeks since we've played. ... It's a done deal. They're ready to go."
OSSAA Executive Director Ed Sheakley said in a statement that he was grateful to both schools for agreeing to schedule the semifinal as soon as possible.
"Throughout this controversy, we have been focused on minimizing any delay to the completion of the 3A playoffs, and avoiding interference in other activities and semester finals for member schools and their students," Sheakley said.
The case began when an improperly enforced penalty erased a touchdown that would have put Douglass ahead with 64 seconds left. The penalty should have been enforced on the extra point or the kickoff instead of wiping out the long touchdown pass and marking off the penalty yardage from the previous spot.
Locust Grove held on for the win. The OSSAA punished the officials involved, calling the error "inexcusable at this level."
Douglass appealed the OSSAA to have either the final 64 seconds or the entire game replayed. The association's staff declined both options in the appeal, and its board rejected the replay options in a special meeting, prompting Douglass to go to court.
Douglass' attorneys argued this week that Jones should rule in its favor without worrying about the possible ripple effects. The OSSAA countered by saying that thought the situation is unfortunate, the appeals process already had taken place.
In the end, the judge said the OSSAA had the discretion to turn down Douglass' appeal.
"While mindful of the frustrations of the young athletes who feel deprived by the inaction of (OSSAA), it borders on the unreasonable ... to think this court more equipped or better qualified than (OSSAA) to decide the outcome of any portion of a high school football game," Jones wrote.


text:
> Lgess > Mental training
Want to Raise Resilient Kids? A Navy SEAL Says Always Do This. Have our kids gotten soft? Five ways to teach them grit. Now, I have to commend these millennials for being so self-actualized that they feel very comfortable moving around to find the perfect gig.
But I also wonder, where's the work ethic, the grit, the resilience? I never questioned working around the clock during my first jobs in my 20s because I believed a good work ethic would help me prove myself and move up, and it did. Millennials don't stay very long in jobs, said Robin Koval, co-author of provocative new book, "Grit to Great: How Perseverance, Passion and Pluck Take You From Ordinary to Extraordinary. " "On the one hand, that's good because they should be aggressive in developing their careers," she said, "but on the other hand, some of it is because they have a setback at work and the only way they know how to deal with it is 'I have to go someplace else.'" Kaplan Thaler, who along with Koval co-founded the advertising agency Kaplan Thaler Group, was one of those helicopter parents, too.
"We love the story of James Dyson. How to Increase Mental Toughness: 4 Secrets From Navy SEALs and Olympians. Know what's really interesting?
Learning how Navy SEALs build mental toughness to handle deadly situations. Know what else is really interesting? Learning how Olympic athletes deal with the pressure of competition when the entire world is watching. The One Quality Great Teammates Have in Common. "Coach, can I talk to you?"
"Sure," I said. "What's on your mind today Michael?" "Well, I just want to know what I can do so I get to start more games and get more playing time as a center midfielder. I don't think I am showing my best as a winger, and my parents tell me I am not going to get noticed by the college scouts unless something changes." COMPASS. The Wisdom of the Coach. Fixed vs. Growth Mindsets.
True Grit: The Best Measure of Success and How to Teach It. Can you predict academic success or whether a child will graduate?
You can, but not how you might think. When psychologist Angela Duckworth studied people in various challenging situations, including National Spelling Bee participants, rookie teachers in tough neighborhoods, and West Point cadets, she found: One characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success. And it wasn't social intelligence. It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't IQ. The Future of Self-Improvement, Part I: Grit Is More Important Than Talent. In the late '60s, Stanford psychologist Walter Mischel performed a now-iconic experiment called the Marshmallow Test, which analyzed the ability of four year olds to exhibit "delayed gratification."
Here's what happened: Each child was brought into the room and sat down at a table with a delicious treat on it (maybe a marshmallow, maybe a donut). The scientists told the children that they could have a treat now, or, if they waited 15 minutes, they could have two treats. All of the children wanted to wait. (Who doesn't want more treats?) But many couldn't. When the researchers subsequently checked in on these same children in high school, it turned out that those with more self-control — that is, those who held out for 15 minutes — were better behaved, less prone to addiction, and scored higher on the SAT.
It's not difficult to see how self-control would be predictive of success in certain spheres. In essence, Twitter is the new marshmallow. And yet: Self-control isn't the whole story. Fail harder frank medrano. The Science of Developing Mental Toughness in Health, Work, and Life. Have you ever wondered what makes someone a good athlete?
Or a good leader? Or a good parent? Why do some people accomplish their goals while others fail? What makes the difference? Usually we answer these questions by talking about the talent of top performers. But I think we all know there is more to the story than that. In fact, when you start looking into it, your talent and your intelligence don't play nearly as big of a role as you might think. What makes a bigger impact than talent or intelligence? Research is starting to reveal that your mental toughness — or "grit" as they call it — plays a more important role than anything else for achieving your goals in health, business, and life.
12 Business Leadership Lessons from Stuart Lancaster and Brendan Rodgers. 12 Leadership Secrets for Business from Brendan Rodgers and Stuart Lancaster By Toby Babb Both England Rugby and Liverpool Football Club have made tremendous progress in 2014.
Stuart Lancaster has led a cultural revolution in English Rugby, "re-connecting the players to the shirt" and restoring a brand of rugby missing for so many years. Brendan Rodgers has broken record after record with Liverpool surpassing any expectations (including his own) of where Liverpool would finish in the league. Whilst not the finished article yet (England were runners up to Ireland in the Six Nations and Liverpool look set to miss out by the closest of margins to Manchester City in the Premier League) both leaders have restored pride and have overseen vast improvements in their teams.
Reading about both Rodgers and Lancaster has been fascinating throughout the year. 1. So can we in business learn and adapt the common characteristics of two of sports most improved teams to transform our performance? Mind. Profile of a modern teacher.
Related: Geektools - GRIT - Positive psychology - Mindset - Growth mindset - smarta sätt att förklara kunskap och annat på - Dweck - Mind Body Spirit - Carol Dweck - Parenting - Research Proposal - Project articles - engagement - Raising Kids - Growth mindset - skills - Fixed vs. Growth Mindsets - True Grit: The Best Measure of Success and How to Teach It - The Future of Self-Improvement, Part I: Grit Is More Important Than Talent - Mental Health - Mental - Mental Health - mental health - Mental and Emotional Balance - mental disrders in the 19th century - the mental processes - language as a mental process - memory as a mental process - drugs in mental health - Mental Health - Mental Health - mental health - Men & mental health doc. - Normal vs Abnormal Mental Health At Work - Mental Health - Mental Health - Youth Mental Health - Mental - Mental Health - Mental Health - stanford can't mental health - Education - Enterprise


Shop online for Anklets at Uneak with Fast Free UK Delivery. Our gorgeous ankle bracelets are adorned with pretty charms and crystal shapes. All of our anklets are hallmarked 925 sterling silver so you can be assured you're buying quality here at Uneak Boutique.
We can also produce custom made ankle bracelets so if you'd like to have an anklet made with specific materials or at a certain length, just drop us an email at info@uneakboutique.co.uk with the details of what you'd like and we'll do our best to assist you.


There are many ways to delete records from the key-value store. The simplest way to delete is to delete a record based on a single key. Programmers can perform a multiDelete where the major key component of a key is provided and all the keys that match the major key component will be deleted. The following code snippet demonstrates both ways of deleting the records. The major key components and the minor key component are initialized for a particular Key.


text:
Corruption Scandals
Corruption in Kenya
A banking fraud scam worth $1.5bn
This happenned in November 2006. The national government was accused of failing to do something on a banking fraud scam worth $1.5bn involving money laundering and tax evasion. The scan had been reported by whistle-blowers as early as 2004 but it didn't seem to get the attention it needed byt the Government.
Investigators believed sums worth 10% of Kenya's national income were involved. An auditor's report claimed the scale of the operations were enough to threaten the stability of the Kenyan economy.
The 2009 Triton Oil Scandal
The Sale of Imported Maize.
The Grand Regency Scandal
Payroll Fraud at Egerton University
Bill Restricting Investigations in Kenya
GBP 1 billion transferred out of Kenya
Popular Scandals
Kenya Defence Force bribery scandal
The Ngei maize scandal
The supply of Mahindra Jeeps
The Goldenberg scandal
Euromarine Navy Ship Deal
The first National Youth Service (NYS) scandal
Kenyan National Anthem
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-o9TrQ5PbzA
Corruption.co.ke is a database of all the major corruption scandles that have happened in Kenya since independence. The information shared on this site is done so in good faith, to keep track of where we are as a country and not meant to implicate anyone.
Join our forum, Sign up and Join the Discussion.
©Corruption.co.ke 2020.


text:
Lando Buzzanca died, the actor was 87 years old
Buzzanca was hospitalized at the Hospice Gemelli Medical Center. The son to Adnkronos: "he passed away peacefully"
Lando Buzzanca has died. His son Massimiliano confirms this to Adnkronos. The 87-year-old actor from Palermo had been hospitalized for about two weeks at the Hospice Gemelli Medical Center. "He passed away peacefully around 2 pm. Yesterday I came to see him – says Massimiliano Buzzanca – and I think he recognized me because he wanted to get up. I convinced him to stay in bed. Sure, his conditions weren't the best, but I hoped that at least this Christmas he could spend with us. When they called me to tell me that he had gotten worse, I was leaving the house to visit him, but I arrived late".
As soon as the news of Lando Buzzanca's death spread, there are already dozens of posts on social networks expressing their condolences for the disappearance of the popular actor: "Have a safe journey, beloved Lando". "You are an icon of a kind era that will never come back," writes one user. "You've made me laugh since I was a kid, he rest in peace," adds another. "An actor who for us in the 60s was a point of reference with his films", observes someone. "We will miss you". Among the many comments, there are also those who observe that the actor would have deserved different attention: "A great talent who would have deserved much more space. One of the many 'victims' of the usual obtuse and politicized criticism", says the user.
Lando Buzzanca turns 87. His career. PHOTO
The Son, the cast of the tv series with Pierce Brosnan. PHOTO
Lando Buzzanca, 'the male blackbird' of Italian sexy comedy
Buzzanca's son: "Complaint against alleged trusted doctor"
Edoardo Tavassi, mother Emanuela is a familiar face on TV: do you remember where we had already seen her?
Tech By Her, a program for female leadership in Tech launched at the University of Bari


Today i got the below small requirement from my Client and i know its known post to everyone. Please correct me if anything wrong. Thanks to all.
Performance is improved by using faster processors and additional memory, particularly in environments where users run multiple applications simultaneously.
Since a virtual environment is not native, there may be a possible performance impact when running Informatica products in a virtual environment. For best performance, Informatica recommends running in non-virtual environments.
– Make sure the DAC is configured to handle indexing on partitioned tables using Custom Actions. Otherwise, Index Creation during the ETL WILL FAIL.
3. For Oracle DBs, enable Star Transformations at the DB level or at the session level through the RPD Connection Pool.
By default in OBIEE Rpd (OracleBIApps.rpd) can gives 100 connections in Connection Pool and it allows up to 32767 Connections (max no. of connection pools).
This entry was posted in OBIA 7.9.6.3. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Keith Hayes excited for ex-'neighbors'
Because Salzkotten's professional Keith Hayes, who grew up in the small town of Bryant in the state of Arkansas, meets a former "neighbor". Dorsten's Thomas Alexander hails from North Little Rock, just 20 miles from Bryant. Both are 27 years old and know each other well.
"That gives the game a special explosiveness," says Martin Krüger. Salzkotten's coach is happy that his team trained well over the turn of the year and on the first days of the new year. "We want to win and stay on the heels of the leaders SVD Dortmund," emphasizes the coach. Dorsten started the series as the favorite for the title, but has weakened in the meantime and has already lost three away games in Dortmund (52:75), in Iserlohn (75:88) and in Werne (71:78).
There is also a top game in the men's national league. The SC Borchen, as the leader of the table, hosts the third-placed Baskets Bad Oeynhausen. The Kurstädter have only lost two games so far. "The first game of the new year is always subject to special conditions. We have to be concentrated when we work," demands SCB coach Christoph Bartels.
SC GW Paderborn beat VfL Schlangen 89:57 in an early encounter and thus took the decisive step towards staying up in the league at the end of the half-season. In the previous season, the green-whites had only secured their place in the state league in a follow-up procedure and then promised to improve. The project has succeeded.
The games at a glance:
2nd regional league men: Accent Baskets Salzkotten – BG Dorsten (Sat., 6.30 p.m., Hederauenhalle), BC Soest – Paderborn Baskets II (Sat., 7 p.m.)
Oberliga men: TV Salzkotten II – SV Brackwede (Sun., 2 p.m., sports hall Verne)
National league men: TV Salzkotten III – Gütersloher TV (Sunday, 12 p.m., Verne sports hall), SC Borchen – Baskets Bad Oeynhausen (Sunday, 2 p.m., Gallihöhe sports hall), AFC Bulldogs – Paderborn Baskets III (Sunday, 4 p.m.), BG DJK Delbrück/SuS Westenholz – TSVE Bielefeld II (Sun., 4 p.m., triple hall Westenholz)
National league women: SC GW Paderborn – TSVE Bielefeld II (Sunday, 10 a.m., club sports hall at Schützenplatz)
District league men: Paderborn Baskets V – Sparta Baskets (Sunday, 5 p.m., Reismannhalle)
District league women:FC RW Kirchlengern – SC GW Paderborn II (Sunday, 10 a.m.), VfL Schlangen II – Gütersloher TV II (Sunday, 4 p.m., school gymnasium Rosenstraße)
Categories Arkansas
This is how Harry and Meghan finance their luxury life in California
Patriots 'did their homework on' Kliff Kingsbury as OC candidate


text:
Q: What do you call the apparatus you use to raise a flag? What do you call the apparatus you use to raise a flag?

Here we see a dummy person raising the flag with an apparatus, what is the apparatus called? Is there a word for it?

A: The wheeled part at the top is called a pulley. It is housed in a truck. The rope is a halyard, and where the rope is tied once the flag has been hauled into position is a cleat.
https://www.grandnewflag.com/flag-terminology/
There may be considerable regional variation in these terms. In the UK the 'snap hook' may be called an Inglefield clip:
The Inglefield clip (also known as a sister clip and a Brummel hook) is a clip for joining a flag or ensign quickly, easily and securely to flag halyards so that the flag can be hoisted.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglefield_clip
https://www.hampshireflag.co.uk/Flagpole-Parts.htm


text:
Wii Accessories and Games
Slam Dunk with NBA 2K12 for Wii
I recently bought and played the new NBA 2K12 Wii. I am an avid sport gamer. I spend a lot of time playing and writing about sports games, and I would like to say that 2K Sports did a great job on the sequel to the ever-popular NBA 2K11. There was a lot of pressure placed on the company to make a new game that would be comparable to what many called the best basketball game made to date. I hope you find my review both helpful and informative, and that you'll be able to make a more informed purchase.
Even though this game is able to be played by Wii Remote, I mostly used the Classic Controller Pro. The thing that jumps out as you come to the main menu is that when it comes to the quality of content, NBA 2K12 takes no prisoners. In addition to the Quick Play mode, where you'll begin upon coming to the main menu, this game boasts no less than four other amazing styles of play.
Perhaps the greatest aspect of Wii NBA 2K12 is The Association, an amazingly comprehensive team-building mode which allows you to have total control of one NBA franchise, and all of the financial, legal, and scheduling duties contained within the franchise. NBA fanatics will find that this style of play is as real of an experience as it gets to being the General Manager of an NBA team. I could not believe just how many different options for customization there were. We have been truly spoiled with how great the customization of these types of games has become.
Other than The Association, there are conventional modes like Situational Play, Season and Playoffs. Situational play is interesting, because it allows you to set the score, time remaining in the game and the players who have fouled out and been injured. You can then play the game under those exact circumstances. There is also a Black Top mode, which allows players to choose between three point contests, dunk contests, games on 21, and pickup street games with actual NBA players.
I won't say that everything was great, however. The worst part about NBA 2K12 is definitely the lack of online play. Outside of that, the ridiculous learning curve is another big drawback. Unless you've played NBA 2K games on Wii before, it is going to take you a while to learn how to do everything. Some of the graphics also look awkward at times. With that being said, though, I would highly recommend NBA 2K12 for the Wii for any serious NBA fan. It's really a blast, and an interesting sequel to NBA 2K11.
Champion Jockey for Wii: G1 Jockey and Gallop Racer
Rune Factory Tides of Destiny for Wii
50 Best Wii Games of All Time
PokePark 2: Wonders Beyond for the Wii
MLB 2K12 for the Wii
Wii Mario Party 9
Rhythm Heaven Fever on the Wii
© 2021 Wii Accessories and Games • Powered by GeneratePress


text:
// slang-serialize-source-loc.cpp
#include "slang-serialize-source-loc.h"

#include "../core/slang-text-io.h"
#include "../core/slang-byte-encode-util.h"

#include "../core/slang-math.h"

namespace Slang {

/* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! DebugSerialData !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! */

size_t SerialSourceLocData::calcSizeInBytes() const
{
    return SerialListUtil::calcArraySize(m_stringTable) +
        SerialListUtil::calcArraySize(m_lineInfos) +
        SerialListUtil::calcArraySize(m_sourceInfos) +
        SerialListUtil::calcArraySize(m_adjustedLineInfos);
}

void SerialSourceLocData::clear()
{
    m_lineInfos.clear();
    m_adjustedLineInfos.clear();
    m_sourceInfos.clear();
    m_stringTable.clear();
}

bool SerialSourceLocData::operator==(const ThisType& rhs) const
{
    return (this == &rhs) ||
        (   SerialListUtil::isEqual(m_stringTable, rhs.m_stringTable) &&
            SerialListUtil::isEqual(m_lineInfos, rhs.m_lineInfos) &&
            SerialListUtil::isEqual(m_adjustedLineInfos, rhs.m_adjustedLineInfos) &&
            SerialListUtil::isEqual(m_sourceInfos, rhs.m_sourceInfos));
}

/* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! DebugSerialWriter !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! */

SerialSourceLocData::SourceLoc SerialSourceLocWriter::addSourceLoc(SourceLoc sourceLoc)
{
    // If it's not set we can ignore
    if (!sourceLoc.isValid())
    {
        return SerialSourceLocData::SourceLoc(0);
    }

    // Look up the view it's from
    SourceView* sourceView = m_sourceManager->findSourceView(sourceLoc);
    if (!sourceView)
    {
        // If not found we just ingore
        return SerialSourceLocData::SourceLoc(0);
    }

    SourceFile* sourceFile = sourceView->getSourceFile();
    Source* debugSourceFile;
    {
        RefPtr<Source>* ptrDebugSourceFile = m_sourceFileMap.TryGetValue(sourceFile);
        if (ptrDebugSourceFile == nullptr)
        {
            const SourceLoc::RawValue baseSourceLoc = m_freeSourceLoc;
            m_freeSourceLoc += SourceLoc::RawValue(sourceView->getRange().getSize() + 1);

            debugSourceFile = new Source(sourceFile, baseSourceLoc);
            m_sourceFileMap.Add(sourceFile, debugSourceFile);
        }
        else
        {
            debugSourceFile = *ptrDebugSourceFile;
        }
    }

    // We need to work out the line index

    int offset = sourceView->getRange().getOffset(sourceLoc);
    int lineIndex = sourceFile->calcLineIndexFromOffset(offset);

    SerialSourceLocData::LineInfo lineInfo;
    lineInfo.m_lineStartOffset = sourceFile->getLineBreakOffsets()[lineIndex];
    lineInfo.m_lineIndex = lineIndex;

    if (!debugSourceFile->hasLineIndex(lineIndex))
    {
        // Add the information about the line
        int entryIndex = sourceView->findEntryIndex(sourceLoc);
        if (entryIndex < 0)
        {
            debugSourceFile->m_lineInfos.add(lineInfo);
        }
        else
        {
            const auto& entry = sourceView->getEntries()[entryIndex];

            SerialSourceLocData::AdjustedLineInfo adjustedLineInfo;
            adjustedLineInfo.m_lineInfo = lineInfo;
            adjustedLineInfo.m_pathStringIndex = SerialStringData::kNullStringIndex;

            const auto& pool = sourceView->getSourceManager()->getStringSlicePool();
            SLANG_ASSERT(pool.getStyle() == StringSlicePool::Style::Default);

            if (!pool.isDefaultHandle(entry.m_pathHandle))
            {
                UnownedStringSlice slice = pool.getSlice(entry.m_pathHandle);
                SLANG_ASSERT(slice.getLength() > 0);
                adjustedLineInfo.m_pathStringIndex = SerialSourceLocData::StringIndex(m_stringSlicePool.add(slice));
            }

            adjustedLineInfo.m_adjustedLineIndex = lineIndex + entry.m_lineAdjust;

            debugSourceFile->m_adjustedLineInfos.add(adjustedLineInfo);
        }

        debugSourceFile->setHasLineIndex(lineIndex);
    }

    return SerialSourceLocData::SourceLoc(debugSourceFile->m_baseSourceLoc + offset);
}

void SerialSourceLocWriter::write(SerialSourceLocData* outSourceLocData)
{
    outSourceLocData->clear();

    // Okay we can now calculate the final source information

    for (auto& pair : m_sourceFileMap)
    {
        Source* debugSourceFile = pair.Value;
        SourceFile* sourceFile = debugSourceFile->m_sourceFile;

        SerialSourceLocData::SourceInfo sourceInfo;

        sourceInfo.m_numLines = uint32_t(debugSourceFile->m_sourceFile->getLineBreakOffsets().getCount());

        sourceInfo.m_range.m_start = uint32_t(debugSourceFile->m_baseSourceLoc);
        sourceInfo.m_range.m_end = uint32_t(debugSourceFile->m_baseSourceLoc + sourceFile->getContentSize());

        sourceInfo.m_pathIndex = SerialSourceLocData::StringIndex(m_stringSlicePool.add(sourceFile->getPathInfo().foundPath));

        sourceInfo.m_lineInfosStartIndex = uint32_t(outSourceLocData->m_lineInfos.getCount());
        sourceInfo.m_adjustedLineInfosStartIndex = uint32_t(outSourceLocData->m_adjustedLineInfos.getCount());

        sourceInfo.m_numLineInfos = uint32_t(debugSourceFile->m_lineInfos.getCount());
        sourceInfo.m_numAdjustedLineInfos = uint32_t(debugSourceFile->m_adjustedLineInfos.getCount());

        // Add the line infos
        outSourceLocData->m_lineInfos.addRange(debugSourceFile->m_lineInfos.begin(), debugSourceFile->m_lineInfos.getCount());
        outSourceLocData->m_adjustedLineInfos.addRange(debugSourceFile->m_adjustedLineInfos.begin(), debugSourceFile->m_adjustedLineInfos.getCount());

        // Add the source info
        outSourceLocData->m_sourceInfos.add(sourceInfo);
    }

    // Convert the string pool
    SerialStringTableUtil::encodeStringTable(m_stringSlicePool, outSourceLocData->m_stringTable);
}

/* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! SerialSourceLocReader !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! */

Index SerialSourceLocReader::findViewIndex(SerialSourceLocData::SourceLoc loc)
{
    for (Index i = 0; i < m_views.getCount(); ++i)
    {
        if (m_views[i].m_range.contains(loc))
        {
            return i;
        }
    }
    return -1;
}

int SerialSourceLocReader::calcFixSourceLoc(SerialSourceLocData::SourceLoc loc, SerialSourceLocData::SourceRange& outRange)
{
    if (m_lastViewIndex < 0 || !m_views[m_lastViewIndex].m_range.contains(loc))
    {
        m_lastViewIndex = findViewIndex(loc);
    }

    if (m_lastViewIndex < 0)
    {
        // Set an invalid range, as couldn't find
        outRange = SerialSourceLocData::SourceRange::getInvalid();
        return 0;
    }

    const auto& view = m_views[m_lastViewIndex];

    SLANG_ASSERT(view.m_range.contains(loc));

    outRange = view.m_range;
    return view.m_sourceView->getRange().begin.getRaw() - view.m_range.m_start;
}

SourceLoc SerialSourceLocReader::getSourceLoc(SerialSourceLocData::SourceLoc loc)
{
    if (loc != 0)
    {
        if (m_lastViewIndex >= 0)
        {
            const auto& view = m_views[m_lastViewIndex];
            if (view.m_range.contains(loc))
            {
                return view.m_range.getSourceLoc(loc, view.m_sourceView);
            }
        }

        m_lastViewIndex = findViewIndex(loc);
        if (m_lastViewIndex >= 0)
        {
            const auto& view = m_views[m_lastViewIndex];
            return view.m_range.getSourceLoc(loc, view.m_sourceView);
        }
    }
    return SourceLoc();
}

SlangResult SerialSourceLocReader::read(const SerialSourceLocData* serialData, SourceManager* sourceManager)
{
    m_views.setCount(0);

    if (!sourceManager || serialData->m_sourceInfos.getCount() == 0)
    {
        return SLANG_OK;
    }

    List<UnownedStringSlice> debugStringSlices;
    SerialStringTableUtil::decodeStringTable(serialData->m_stringTable.getBuffer(), serialData->m_stringTable.getCount(), debugStringSlices);

    // All of the strings are placed in the manager (and its StringSlicePool) where the SourceView and SourceFile are constructed from
    List<StringSlicePool::Handle> stringMap;
    SerialStringTableUtil::calcStringSlicePoolMap(debugStringSlices, sourceManager->getStringSlicePool(), stringMap);

    // Construct the source files
    const Index numSourceFiles = serialData->m_sourceInfos.getCount();

    // These hold the views (and SourceFile as there is only one SourceFile per view) in the same order as the sourceInfos
    m_views.setCount(numSourceFiles);

    for (Index i = 0; i < numSourceFiles; ++i)
    {
        const auto& srcSourceInfo = serialData->m_sourceInfos[i];

        PathInfo pathInfo;
        pathInfo.type = PathInfo::Type::FoundPath;
        pathInfo.foundPath = debugStringSlices[UInt(srcSourceInfo.m_pathIndex)];

        SourceFile* sourceFile = sourceManager->createSourceFileWithSize(pathInfo, srcSourceInfo.m_range.getCount());

        // Here the initiatingSourecLoc is passed as 0, as that information is not currently saved
        // This simplifies the serialization - as currently for this data we save only a single view per file.
        SourceView* sourceView = sourceManager->createSourceView(sourceFile, nullptr, SourceLoc::fromRaw(0));

        // We need to accumulate all line numbers, for this source file, both adjusted and unadjusted
        List<SerialSourceLocData::LineInfo> lineInfos;
        // Add the adjusted lines
        {
            lineInfos.setCount(srcSourceInfo.m_numAdjustedLineInfos);
            const SerialSourceLocData::AdjustedLineInfo* srcAdjustedLineInfos = serialData->m_adjustedLineInfos.getBuffer() + srcSourceInfo.m_adjustedLineInfosStartIndex;
            const int numAdjustedLines = int(srcSourceInfo.m_numAdjustedLineInfos);
            for (int j = 0; j < numAdjustedLines; ++j)
            {
                lineInfos[j] = srcAdjustedLineInfos[j].m_lineInfo;
            }
        }
        // Add regular lines
        lineInfos.addRange(serialData->m_lineInfos.getBuffer() + srcSourceInfo.m_lineInfosStartIndex, srcSourceInfo.m_numLineInfos);

        // Put in sourceloc order
        lineInfos.sort();

        List<uint32_t> lineBreakOffsets;

        // We can now set up the line breaks array
        const int numLines = int(srcSourceInfo.m_numLines);
        lineBreakOffsets.setCount(numLines);

        {
            const Index numLineInfos = lineInfos.getCount();
            Index lineIndex = 0;

            // Every line up and including should hold the same offset
            for (Index lineInfoIndex = 0; lineInfoIndex < numLineInfos; ++lineInfoIndex)
            {
                const auto& lineInfo = lineInfos[lineInfoIndex];

                const uint32_t offset = lineInfo.m_lineStartOffset;
                const int finishIndex = int(lineInfo.m_lineIndex);

                SLANG_ASSERT(finishIndex < numLines);

                for (; lineIndex < finishIndex; ++lineIndex)
                {
                    SLANG_ASSERT(offset > 0);
                    lineBreakOffsets[lineIndex] = offset - 1;
                }
                lineBreakOffsets[lineIndex] = offset;
                lineIndex++;
            }

            // Do the remaining lines
            {
                const uint32_t endOffset = srcSourceInfo.m_range.getCount();
                for (; lineIndex < numLines; ++lineIndex)
                {
                    lineBreakOffsets[lineIndex] = endOffset;
                }
            }
        }

        sourceFile->setLineBreakOffsets(lineBreakOffsets.getBuffer(), lineBreakOffsets.getCount());

        if (srcSourceInfo.m_numAdjustedLineInfos)
        {
            List<SerialSourceLocData::AdjustedLineInfo> adjustedLineInfos;

            int numEntries = int(srcSourceInfo.m_numAdjustedLineInfos);

            adjustedLineInfos.addRange(serialData->m_adjustedLineInfos.getBuffer() + srcSourceInfo.m_adjustedLineInfosStartIndex, numEntries);
            adjustedLineInfos.sort();

            // Work out the views adjustments, and place in dstEntries
            List<SourceView::Entry> dstEntries;
            dstEntries.setCount(numEntries);

            const uint32_t sourceLocOffset = uint32_t(sourceView->getRange().begin.getRaw());

            for (int j = 0; j < numEntries; ++j)
            {
                const auto& srcEntry = adjustedLineInfos[j];
                auto& dstEntry = dstEntries[j];

                dstEntry.m_pathHandle = stringMap[int(srcEntry.m_pathStringIndex)];
                dstEntry.m_startLoc = SourceLoc::fromRaw(srcEntry.m_lineInfo.m_lineStartOffset + sourceLocOffset);
                dstEntry.m_lineAdjust = int32_t(srcEntry.m_adjustedLineIndex) - int32_t(srcEntry.m_lineInfo.m_lineIndex);
            }

            // Set the adjustments on the view
            sourceView->setEntries(dstEntries.getBuffer(), dstEntries.getCount());
        }

        // Set the view and the source range
        View& view = m_views[i];
        view.m_sourceView = sourceView;
        view.m_range = srcSourceInfo.m_range;
    }

    return SLANG_OK;
}

/* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! DebugSerialData !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! */

/* static */Result SerialSourceLocData::writeContainer(SerialCompressionType moduleCompressionType, RiffContainer* container)
{
    RiffContainer::ScopeChunk debugChunkScope(container, RiffContainer::Chunk::Kind::List, SerialSourceLocData::kDebugFourCc);

    SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(SerialRiffUtil::writeArrayUncompressedChunk(SerialSourceLocData::kDebugStringFourCc, m_stringTable, container));
    SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(SerialRiffUtil::writeArrayUncompressedChunk(SerialSourceLocData::kDebugLineInfoFourCc, m_lineInfos, container));
    SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(SerialRiffUtil::writeArrayUncompressedChunk(SerialSourceLocData::kDebugAdjustedLineInfoFourCc, m_adjustedLineInfos, container));
    SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(SerialRiffUtil::writeArrayChunk(moduleCompressionType, SerialSourceLocData::kDebugSourceInfoFourCc, m_sourceInfos, container));

    return SLANG_OK;
}

/* static */Result SerialSourceLocData::readContainer(SerialCompressionType moduleCompressionType, RiffContainer::ListChunk* listChunk)
{
    SLANG_ASSERT(listChunk->getSubType() == SerialSourceLocData::kDebugFourCc);

    clear();
    for (RiffContainer::Chunk* chunk = listChunk->m_containedChunks; chunk; chunk = chunk->m_next)
    {
        RiffContainer::DataChunk* dataChunk = as<RiffContainer::DataChunk>(chunk);
        if (!dataChunk)
        {
            continue;
        }

        switch (dataChunk->m_fourCC)
        {
            case SerialSourceLocData::kDebugStringFourCc:
            {
                SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(SerialRiffUtil::readArrayUncompressedChunk(dataChunk, m_stringTable));
                break;
            }
            case SerialSourceLocData::kDebugLineInfoFourCc:
            {
                SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(SerialRiffUtil::readArrayUncompressedChunk(dataChunk, m_lineInfos));
                break;
            }
            case SerialSourceLocData::kDebugAdjustedLineInfoFourCc:
            {
                SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(SerialRiffUtil::readArrayUncompressedChunk(dataChunk, m_adjustedLineInfos));
                break;
            }
            case SLANG_MAKE_COMPRESSED_FOUR_CC(SerialSourceLocData::kDebugSourceInfoFourCc):
            case SerialSourceLocData::kDebugSourceInfoFourCc:
            {
                SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(SerialRiffUtil::readArrayChunk(moduleCompressionType, dataChunk, m_sourceInfos));
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    return SLANG_OK;
}

} // namespace Slang

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
"You're Trespassin' on Railroad Property, Buildin' a Fire on It, Messin' Around Eatin' and Drinkin' and Stickin' Up Christmas Trees!"
"Tramps' Christmas Eve."
By Johnston McCulley (1883-1958).
First appearance: Thrilling Detective, December 1948.
Reprinted in Thrilling Detective (U.K.), June 1949.
Short short story (9 pages).
Online at Pulpgen (HERE).
"Railroad detective Lanman is all ready to break up the Christmas festivities of the tramps, until—"
There's the letter of the law and there's the spirit of the law and sometimes the two don't mesh, but a stern railway cop surprises himself by finding a way of honoring them both
at the same time . . .
- FictionMags shows that McCulley had a railroad detective named Richard Hughes as a series character in six stories for The Railroad Man's Magazine, May to October 1908.
"Now Begin the Mistakes and the Literary Fallacies...
Crime on the Tracks: Railway-Related Stories (2017)
"The Bane of Bow Street"
"A Drunk with a Gun Was a Bad Thing"
"Do I Have to Put on My Monkey Suit?"
"He Could Remove Matty from the World in a Violent...
"He Hated the Railroad, and He Knew Railroad Work,...
"Before This Year Dies, You Will Be Dead—the Judge...
"He Slashed and Smashed with the Gun, Pistol-Whipp...
"Then the Abyss Swallowed Him"
"The Woman Was Still on the Floor Screaming"
"But Who Would Suspect Santa Claus?"
"You're Trespassin' on Railroad Property, Buildin'...
"Death Might Be Waiting Ahead for Him, or Be Ridin...
"It's a Little Matter of Murder, Pete"
"Santa Claus Has Been Murdered"
"You Could Have Played Santa Claus—a Santa Claus i...
"Like I Said, Les Is Desperate, and a Murderer Ain...
"In a Game Like the One I'm Playin', Kid, Yuh Don'...
"Unless I Miss My Guess, This Is No Diamond Bracel...
"Dishes Rattle and the Log Roof Bounces and the La...
"If It's a Twister Case, We've Got to Crack It Wid...
"My Last Two Crimes, Copper—Packin' an Illegal Gun...
"A Cop Killing Would Make the Rap No Worse"


A frequently asked question from those wishing to sponsor a foreign fiance or spouse for a US Fiance Visa or US Marriage Visa is: do I make enough income to act as a sponsor for my loved one? The answer to this question involves the affidavit of support which is a primary component of the visa application process. When a fiance or spouse visa application is adjudicated by a Consular Officer at a US Embassy or US Consulate overseas part of the application includes either and I-134 or I-864 affidavit of support. This document allows the adjudicating Consular officer to make a determination as to whether or not the US Citizen spouse or fiance has the income necessary to support their fiance or spouse in the United States. This affidavit also acts as a sort of third party beneficiary contract between the American spouse and the United States government in order to make certain that the American spouse pays the US government for any means tested benefits that the foreign spouse may acquire while in the USA.
Those wishing to ascertain whether they are eligible to sponsor their foreign fiance or spouse should use the above figures to determine 125% of the poverty guidelines for a family of their size (including the foreign family member(s)). It should be noted that active duty members of the United States Armed Forces must only meet 100% of the federal poverty guidelines in order to be eligible to sponsor a foreign fiance or spouse. Those unable to meet the 125% income level noted above may be able to use assets to offset the difference between their level of income and the 125% requirement. For affidavit of support purposes, a prospective sponsor of a Thai fiancee or wife can make up the difference in income between what is actually earned and what is legally required by providing evidence of assets which equal 5 times the difference between what a prospective sponsor earns and the level required by law. Thus, if a prospective sponsor fall short of the 125% level by 5,000 USD, then the prospective sponsor can show proof of assets in the amount of 25,000 USD in order to overcome the disparity.
It may also be possible to use the income and assets of a joint sponsor if the person petitioning for the foreign national's visa is unable to overcome the income and asset requirements. It should be noted that only the I-864 affidavit of support (that used in cases involving the application for a CR-1 visa or an IR-1 visa) may utilize a joint sponsor. Those seeking a K-1 visa are not eligible to use a joint sponsor, therefore, only the American Citizen fiance's income and assets will be adjudicated during the K1 visa application process. In the past, Consular Officers at the US Embassy in Bangkok were known to accept joint sponsors in K-1 visa application adjudications. However, as of the time of this writing that practice has ceased.
Those interested in learning more on these topics are encouraged to click on the following link: Affidavit of Support.
In determining inadmissibility, USCIS defines "public charge"as an individual who is likely to become "primarily dependent on the government for subsistence, as demonstrated by either the receipt of public cash assistance for income maintenance, or institutionalization for long-term care at government expense." See "Field Guidance on Deportability and Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds," 64 FR 28689 (May 26, 1999). In determining whether an alien meets this definition for public charge inadmissibility, a number of factors are considered, including age, health, family status, assets, resources, financial status, education, and skills. No single factor, other than the lack of an affidavit of support, if required, will determine whether an individual is a public charge.
Those reading this blog are encouraged to click on the hyperlinks above to read more and gain insight into the issues associated with the I-864 affidavit of support.
It should be noted that the issues associated with the I-864 affidavit of support are significant and should not be overlooked by those seeking immigration benefits. Furthermore, the issues associated with the I-864 affidavit of support pertain not only to USCIS in the United States, but also impact the Consular processing phase of U.S. Immigration process for those who are seeking United States immigrant visas, such as the IR-1 visa and the CR-1 visa, abroad. Meanwhile, seekers of visas such as the K-1 visa (for fiancees of US Citizens) must submit a similar document to a US Embassy or US Consulate abroad in the form of an I-134 affidavit of support. Bearing this in mind, the reader should take note of the fact that the issues surrounding the I-864 affidavit of support are likely to come to the forefront for K-1 visa holders when they eventually apply for adjustment of status to lawful permanent residence.
Note: In general, lawful permanent residents who currently possess a "green card" cannot be denied U.S. citizenship for lawfully receiving any public benefits for which they are eligible.
The reader is encouraged to bear in mind the fact that the above quotation is speaking in generalities, but the issue of naturalization in the context of the affidavit of support may be of interest to Americans thinking about bringing a loved one to the USA. The reason that Americans may find the issue of naturalization interesting when discussing family immigration stems from the fact that upon a foreign spouse's naturalization to US Citizenship, the encumbrances placed upon the American Citizen within the provisions of the affidavit of support are extinguished as upon becoming a United States Citizen a previous foreign national becomes eligible in their own right for government benefits (where applicable). Therefore, the previous sponsor(s) are no long liable to the United States government should the newly-naturalized citizen take government benefits.
For related information please see: Certificate of Citizenship or Child Citizenship Act.
"Congress has taken action to keep the 2009 poverty guidelines in effect until at least March 31, 2010.
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall not publish updated poverty guidelines for 2010 under section 673(2) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (42 U.S.C. 9902(2)) before March 1, 2010, and the poverty guidelines published under such section on January 23, 2009, shall remain in effect until updated poverty guidelines are published.
Section 1012 includes a provision to freeze the Department of Health and Human Services poverty guidelines at 2009 levels in order to prevent a reduction in eligibility for certain means-tested programs, including Medicaid, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and child nutrition, through March 1, 2010.
The issue of one's ability to provide support to a foreign national is extremely important. Currently, the Federal poverty guidelines appear to still be those of the year 2009 as there is no word that new guidelines will be promulgated. Therefore, those who have an interest in the current guidelines would be wise to keep checking up on this issue as we are due for either a new extension of the 2009 guidelines or a new set of guidelines for 2010.
For further information please see: K1 Visa Requirements.
This blog has often compared and contrasted the difference between the Immigration procedures for obtainment of a US Visa and a Thai Visa. To further compare the two systems, this post will provide a brief overview of the financial requirements one must meet in order to obtain a visa to Thailand or the United States of America.
In order to sponsor a traveler to the United States, one must first decipher the type of visa the traveler will be using. In the case of Non-Immigrant visas (F1 student visa, J1 exchange visa, or B1 Business Visa) the applicant must be able to prove that they or their sponsor will be able to pay the expenses related to the trip. In the case of F1 and J1 visas, the applicant must show that they will also fully pay for their educational endeavors or their exchange program. In some cases, the J1 visitor must reimburse the public education system where they stay in order to obtain the J1 visa.
In the case of United States Immigrant IR1 and CR1 visas for family members from Thailand, the American Citizen must show that they meet the income or financial requirements in order to act as sponsor for their loved one. The basic concern of the Consular officer revolves around the notion that the Immigrant could become a "public charge," if the American Citizen does not have the resources to pay for the foreign spouse. An I-864 affidavit of support is used to assist in determining if the American is capable of sponsorship.
The K1 visa is a combination of the non-immigrant and immigrant visas. That being said, an affidavit of support must be filled out by the American Citizen. The difference between the I-134 and I-864 is the fact that the I-864 is more legally binding with regard to the sponsor. If the foreign entrant ever becomes a ward of the state, then the sponsor could be forced to reimburse the American government for the expenses the foreign national incurs. The K3 visa, although a marriage visa, is technically a non-immigrant visa so the American Citizen must simply submit an I-134 affidavit of support.
In Thailand, there are certain Thai visa categories which require that the applicant show that they have some sort of financial safety net. Visas such as the Thai retirement visa and the Thailand O visa (based upon marriage), require the visa holder to continually prove that they either meet a prescribed minimum monthly income or have a certain amount of money in a Thai bank account.
For those applying for Thai visas outside of Thailand, certain consulates have differing financial requirements depending upon the visa category. Therefore, one wishing to obtain a Thai Business Visa may be required to show a minimum bank balance. The minimum financial requirement may vary from post to post.
The United States Embassy in Thailand, diligently scrutinizes the financial resources of those applicants wishing to obtain an American visa. Many people believe that there is some sort of magic numerical amount of money that if shown in a bank account will guarantee visa application approval. In reality, the Embassy looks at the "whole picture" when making decisions on US tourist visas and often simply having a large bank balance is not enough to obtain a tourist visa. Further, in cases where an American boyfriend tranfers a large amount of money into a Thai applicant's bank account in an effort to "beef up" the applicant's credentials, the Embassy can tell that the bank balance is artificially inflated and will likely deny the application. It is never wise to manufacture evidence in order to obtain a United States visa on behalf of another.
In order to sponsor a Thai fiancee or wife for a visa to the USA, a US Citizen petitioner must prove that he can support the Thai applicant in such a manner that the Thai applicant will not become a burden to the state. Therefore, the US Citizen must present an affidavit of support proving an income that is deemed appropriate for supporting a Thai fiancee or wife. US Immigration policy dictates that in order to be able to support an immigrant one must produce an income that is 125% of the poverty level as set forth by US Housing and Human Services. Since Housing and Human Services constantly readjusts their definition of the poverty level, the requisite income required for immigrant sponsorship changes from year to year.
Housing and Human Services has set a different standard for figuring the poverty level in Alaska, below is the poverty level for Alaska along with a calculation of 125% of that government defined monetary level.
It should be noted that active duty military need only show 100% of the federal poverty guidelines in order to be entitled to support an immigrant relative either entering on a K1 or immigrant visa.
For those with a deficiency in income (a more acute problem with prospective sponsors who are self employed) it may be possible to use a joint sponsor in order to make up the income shortfall. Another method of overcoming this obstacle is by using assets. For affidavit of support purposes, a prospective sponsor of a Thai fiancee or wife can make up the difference in income between what is actually earned and what is statutorily required by showing assets amounting to 5 times the difference between what a prospective sponsor earns and the legally required level. Therefore if a prospective sponsor falls $1,000 short of the required level, then he can show $5,000 in assets to make up that difference. US petitioners must submit the affidavit of support to the US Embassy in Thailand at the time of visa interview.
The affidavit of support is used to prove that an American Citizen can support a Thai fiancee or wife in the USA. Although the form is issued by USCIS, it is presented at the Thai fiancee or spouse's interview at the American Embassy in Bangkok Thailand. The type of visa one wishes to obtain will make the difference in the type of Affidavit of Support that will be necessary to show the US Citizen petitioner's ability to support a Thai fiancee or wife in the United States.
There are two affidavit forms used in US Family Immigration matters that are used to prove that a US citizen is indeed capable of sponsoring his loved one at the statutorily prescribed levels. The I-134 and the I-864 are the two different affidavit forms and their use with regard to visa category depends upon the situation and the visa being sought.
Currently, for the I-864 affidavit of support, the US Citizen must show that he or she can support his Thai fiancee or spouse at a level equal to 125% of the Federal poverty guidelines (as calculated by Housing and Human Services) for the year in which the visa is being sought.
Some US Citizens are interested in how binding their financial commitments are with regard to the I-864 affidavit of Support. There is some case law that has allowed US Permanent Resident former spouse of US Citizens the right to collect money from the US Citizen spouse based upon the finding that the Permanent Resident is the third-party beneficiary of an agreement between the United States government and the US Citizen. Also, the US Citizen will be liable to the US government for the relevant costs should the Permanent Resident spouse become a public charge.
Generally, a US Citizen's ability to support a fiancee or spouse is proven by presenting evidence showing the US Citizen's income is above the statutorily mandated 125% of the poverty guidelines. Proving the financial ability to support a fiancee can be somewhat difficult if the US Citizen's income does not meet the 125% requirement. Using assets to prove financial ability is one method, while many people opt to simply utilize a joint sponsor in order to meet the financial requirements. Joint sponsorship is a popular method of overcoming affidavit of support issues.
Note: Nothing in the post should be used in lieu of legal advice from a licensed US attorney with Immigration experience.


The charming photo on top, is segment of Best Ideas of Top Glass Shapes for Driftwood Coffee Table report which is grouped within Coffee Tables, outdoor coffee table, unique coffee tables, unusual coffee tables and published at May 4th, 2016 21:41:00 PM by Sebastian J. We always effort to show a picture with HD resolution or at least with perfect images. Thank you for visiting.


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A former New York state judge, Mr. Hettleman brings extensive government experience to his practice, including over a decade of prosecutorial service.
Early in his career, he clerked for the Honorable Roanne Mann of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York.
Serves as independent examiner for the U.S. Department of Justice in their investigation of a major Israeli bank.


The work of young South African photographer Nobukho Nqaba has looked at migration, movement and otherness as well as personal issues surrounding family and the fragility of home. After studying at the Michaelis School of Fine Art in Cape Town, she was the recipient of the 2012 Tierney Fellowship. She has garnered praise for her evocative self-portraits and performances and exhibited widely, including Lagos Photo 2015, Rencontres de Bamako, AKAA Paris 2016 and Duro Olowu's Making and Unmaking at Camden Arts Centre in London. Nqaba has now followed the well-received series Umaskhenkethe, with her latest major body of work, Ndiyayekelela. It embodies her struggle to come to terms with the death of her father by posing with materiality that symbolises his life as a hard working minor. With these images currently on show as part of Nataal's group exhibition, New African Photography II, we get to know Nqaba better.
When and why did you get into art and photography?
I became interested in photography in my first year of my fine art undergraduate degree. I made a pinhole camera from a box and it was amazing seeing the pictures come to life in the darkroom. This liberated me from the belief I had that painting and drawing were the only forms of art. Also, I had no photographs of myself as a child because my family did not own a camera, so a part of me wanted to make as many memories as I can now that I had access to the camera. And I made sure that those memories remain because I am always in my pictures!
How did you find studying at Michaelis?
It was challenging and a huge culture shock for me. It was the first time I was in a multi-racial set up and the first time I had to communicate with people in a second language. In my third year, when I chose photography as my major, my educators were patient, believed in me and pushed me hard.
What draws you to self-portraiture and performance?
My work is autobiographical so it makes sense to do self-portraits. No one can tell my story well but me. I can freely do all sorts of things to my own body without fears of exploiting others. Performance is a great tool in sending messages and meaning. It brings an immediate response to those watching. I want my narrative to be effective and that's why I use performativity a lot.
Describe the motivations behind Ndiyayekelela.
In Ndiyayekelela I have worked with issues around mourning and letting go. I have looked at my father, who passed away in 2013, and explored the feelings that I have with regards to my loss. When someone passes away, those left behind tend to ask themselves questions that remain unanswered. In my case, I have been left feeling sad, guilty and most of all, confused. However, I also find comfort knowing that he is probably okay where he is. Ndiyayekelela was a cathartic experience and it took courage to even be able to put my feelings out there.
What messages do you hope visitors to the Red Hook Labs exhibition come away having seen your work?
I want them to insert their own story into the skeleton that I provide. My work is simply a starting point because it is based on my personal story, however through it people can find ways to deal with loss in their own way. I have heard people saying the work is poetic, and although that is not what I intended, I am happy about these conclusions. Also, I want people to know that although there are things that weigh us down, we have to find ways to let go. I always say we scream, shout, laugh, cry and find satisfaction through art; and that art can take on any form.
I am inspired by how people choose or are forced to live their lives; I focus on these life coincidences, when things are planned or unplanned and the results that come. I observe normal people doing everyday things and it is from there that I get inspiration and it is from there that I find traces of my past.
What have been some of your proudest moments so far?
There are so many things that have me made proud and humble. The best of them all though, is knowing that my work makes a difference and creates educational dialogues among people.
I am teaching digital photography and visual art, and I think I am now at my observing stage and something will come out maybe by the end of this year.