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Christopher Browning
Christopher Robert Browning (born May 22, 1944) is an American historian, known best for his works on the Holocaust. Browning received his bachelor's degree from Oberlin College in 1968 and his doctorate from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1975. He taught at Pacific Lutheran University from 1974 to 1999, eventually becoming a Distinguished Professor. In 1999, he moved to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to accept an appointment as Frank Porter Graham Professor of History. Browning was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2006.[1] Browning retired from teaching in Spring 2014.
Christopher Robert Browning
Historian, author
Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland
WorkEdit
Ordinary MenEdit
Browning is best known for his 1992 book Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland, a study of German Ordnungspolizei (Order Police) Reserve Unit 101, which committed massacres and round-ups of Jews for deportations to Nazi death camps in German-occupied Poland in 1942. The conclusion of the book, influenced in part by the famous Milgram experiments popularized in the 1970s, was that the men of Unit 101 killed out of obedience to authority and peer pressure, not blood-lust or primal hatred.[citation needed]
As presented in the study, the men of Unit 101 were not ardent Nazis but ordinary middle-aged men of working class background from Hamburg, who had been drafted but found ineligible for regular military duty. After their return to Poland in June 1942 the men were ordered to terrorize Jews in the ghettos during Operation Reinhard and committed massacres of Polish Jews; men, women and children, in the towns of Józefów and Łomazy.[2] In other cases, they were ordered to kill a number of Jews in a town or area, usually helped by Trawnikis. The commander of the unit once gave his men the choice of opting out if they found it too hard, and fewer than 12 men opted out in a battalion of 500.[3]
Browning provides evidence to support the notion that not all of these men were hateful antisemites. He includes the testimony of men who say that they begged to be released from this work and to be placed elsewhere. In one instance, two fathers claimed that they could not kill children and thus asked to be given other work. Browning also tells of a man who demanded his release, obtained it and was then promoted once he returned to Germany.
Ordinary Men achieved much acclaim but was criticised by Daniel Goldhagen for missing what he called a specifically German political culture, characterized by "eliminationist anti-semitism" in causing the Nazi genocides. In a review published in the July 1992 edition of The New Republic, Goldhagen called Ordinary Men a book that fails in its central interpretation.[4] Goldhagen's controversial 1996 book Hitler's Willing Executioners was largely written to rebut Browning but ended up being criticized much more.[5]
Witness in Irving vs. LipstadtEdit
Main article: Irving v Penguin Books and Lipstadt
When David Irving sued Deborah Lipstadt for libel in 1996, Browning was one of the leading witnesses for the defense. Another historian, Robert Jan van Pelt, wrote a report on the gas chambers at Auschwitz and Browning wrote a report on the evidence for the extermination of Jews.[6] During his testimony and a cross-examination by Irving, Browning countered Irving's suggestion that the last chapter of the Holocaust has yet to be written (implying there were grounds for doubting its reality, "We are still discovering things about the Roman Empire. There is no last chapter in history".[7]
Browning countered Irving's argument that the lack of a written Führer order contradicted the Holocaust, maintaining that such an order need never have been written, given that Hitler had almost certainly made statements to his leading subordinates indicating his wishes in regards to the Jews of Europe during the war, thus rendering the question of an extant, written order irrelevant.[8] Browning gave evidence that several experts on Nazi Germany believe that there was no written Führer order for the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" but no historian doubts the reality of the Nazi genocides.[9] Browning noted that Hitler's secret speech to his Gauleiters on December 12, 1941, alluded to genocide as the "Final Solution".[10]
Browning rejected Irving's claim that there was no reliable statistical information on the size of the pre-war Jewish population in Europe or on the killing processes; he asserted that the only reason why historians debate whether five or six million Jews were killed in the Holocaust is a lack of access to archives in the former Soviet Union.[11] Browning argued that it was possible to become soaked in human blood after shooting people at close-range and dismissed Irving's argument that accounts of German personnel being soaked in blood were improbable because it is not possible to have a blood-splattered uniform after shooting people at close range.[12]
Browning's interpretation of the HolocaustEdit
Browning is a functionalist in the debate about the origins of the Holocaust, of the "moderate functionalist" school of thought, which focuses on the structure and institution of the Third Reich, rather than Adolf Hitler. Functionalism sees the extermination of Jews as the improvisation and radicalization of a polycratic regime. Functionalists do not exonerate Hitler; rather, they recognize that many other factors were involved in the Final Solution.[13]
Browning has argued that the Final Solution was the result of the "cumulative radicalization" (to use Hans Mommsen's phrase) of the German state, especially when faced with the self-imposed "problem" of three million Jews (mostly Polish), whom the Nazis had imprisoned in ghettos between 1939 and 1941. The intention was to have these and other Jews resident in the Third Reich expelled eastward once a destination was selected. For a time in 1940, the Madagascar Plan, to which the Jews of Europe were to be expelled, after Germany defeated Britain and France was to cede Madagascar to Germany. The German failure to defeat Britain made the Madagascar Plan redundant. Browning has been able to establish that the phrase "Final Solution to the Jewish Question", first used in 1939, meant until 1941 a "territorial solution". Owing to the military developments of the Second World War and to turf wars within the German bureaucracy, expulsion lost its viability such that, by 1941, members of the bureaucracy were willing to countenance the mass murder of Jews. In a speech given in Paris in 1982, Browning said:
In recent years the interpretations of National Socialism have polarized more and more into two groups that Tim Mason has aptly called Intentionalists and Functionalists. The former explain the development of Nazi Germany as a result of Hitler's intentions, which came out of a coherent and logical ideology and were realized due to an all-powerful totalitarian dictatorship. The Functionalists point out the anarchistic character of the Nazi state, its internal rivalries and the chaotic process of decision-making, which constantly led to improvisation and radicalization ... These two modes of exposition of history are useful for the analysis of the strongly divergent meanings that people attribute to the Jewish policy of the Nazis in general and to the Final Solution in particular. On the one hand, Lucy Dawidowicz, a radical Intentionalist, upholds the viewpoint that already in 1919 Hitler had decided to exterminate European Jews. And not only that: He knew at what point in time his murderous plan would be realized. The Second World War was at the same time the means and opportunity to put his war against the Jews into effect. While he waited for the anticipated moment for the realization of his great plan, naturally he tolerated a senseless and meaningless pluralism in the Jewish policies of the subordinate ranks of state and party.
Against the radical Intentionalism of Lucy Dawidowicz, which emphasizes the intentions and great plan of Hitler, the Ultrafunctionalism of Martin Broszat constitutes a diametrically opposed view of the role of the Führer, especially with respect to the decision on the Final Solution. It is Broszat's position that Hitler never took a definitive decision nor issued a general order for the Final Solution. The annihilation program developed in stages in conjunction with a series of isolated massacres at the end of 1941 and in 1942. These locally limited mass murders were improvised answers to an impossible situation that had developed as a result of two factors:
First the ideological and political pressure for the creation of a Jew-free Europe that stemmed from Hitler and then the military reverses on the Eastern Front that led to stoppages in railway traffic and caused the buffer zones into which the Jews were to be removed to disappear. Once the annihilation program was in progress, it gradually institutionalized itself until it was noticed that it offered the simplest solution logistically and became a program universally applied and single-mindedly pursued. From this standpoint, Hitler was a catalyst but not a decision-maker. For Lucy Dawidowicz, the Final Solution was thought out twenty years before it was put into practice; For Martin Broszat, the idea developed from the practice of sporadic murders of groups of Jews, which produced the idea of killing all Jews systematically.[14]
Browning divides the officials of the Government-General of occupied Poland into two factions. One, the "Productionists", favored using Jews of the ghettos as a source of slave labor to help with the war effort. The other, the "Attritionists", favored letting the Jews of the ghettos starve and die of disease. At the same time, there were struggles between the Schutzstaffel (SS) and Hans Frank, the Governor-General of Poland. The SS favored "The Nisko/Lublin Plan" of creating a "Jewish Reservation" in Lublin, Poland, into which all the Jews of Greater Germany, Poland and the former Czechoslovakia were to be expelled. Frank was opposed to the "Lublin Plan" on the ground that the SS were "dumping" Jews into his territory. Frank and Hermann Göring wished for Government-General of Poland to become the "granary" of the Reich and opposed the ethnic cleansing schemes of Heinrich Himmler and Arthur Greiser as economically disruptive.[15]
An attempt to settle these difficulties at a conference between Himmler, Göring, Frank and Greiser at Göring's Karinhall estate on February 12, 1940, was scuttled in May 1940, when Himmler was able to show Hitler a memo entitled "Some Thoughts on the Treatment of Alien Population in the East" on May 15, 1940, which Hitler called "good and correct".[16] Himmler's memo, which called for expelling all of the Jews of German-ruled Europe into Africa, reducing Poles to a "leaderless laboring class" and Hitler's approval of the memo led, as Browning noted, to a change in German policy in Poland along the lines suggested by Himmler.[15] Browning called the Göring/Frank-Himmler/Greiser dispute a perfect example of how Hitler encouraged his subordinates to engage in turf battles with one another without deciding for one policy or another but hinting at the policy he wanted.[17]
PublicationsEdit
The Final Solution and the German Foreign Office : a study of Referat D III of Abteilung Deutschland, 1940–43, New York : Holmes & Meier, 1978.
"Zur Genesis der "Endlösung" Eine Antwort an Martin Broszat" pages 96–104 from Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, Volume 29, 1981.
Fateful Months : Essays on the Emergence of the Final Solution, New York : Holmes & Meier, 1985.
Ordinary Men : Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland, New York : HarperCollins, 1992.
The Path to Genocide : Essays on launching the Final Solution, Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1998, 1992.
Nazi policy, Jewish workers, German killers, Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Collected memories : Holocaust History and Postwar Testimony, Madison, Wis. ; London : University of Wisconsin Press, 2003.
The Origins of the Final Solution : The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942 (With contributions by Jürgen Matthäus), Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press, 2004. ISBN 0-803-25979-4 OCLC 52838928
Everyday Lasts a Year: A Jewish Family's Correspondence from Poland, Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Remembering Survival: Inside a Nazi Slave-Labor Camp, New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2010. ISBN 0-393-07019-0 OCLC 317919861. This book earned Browning the 2011 Yad Vashem International Book Prize for Holocaust Research.
The Suffocation of Democracy. The New York Review of Books. 65 (16). October 25, 2018.
^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved June 21, 2011.
^ Browning, Christopher (1992). Ordinary Men, ibidem. Pages 44, 58.
^ Browning, Christopher (1992). Ordinary Men, ibidem. Page 57.
^ Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, "The Evil of Banality," Review of Christopher Browning, Ordinary Men: Police Reserve Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland. The New Republic, 13/20 July 1992, pp. 49-52.
^ Shatz, Adam. Goldhagen's willing executioners: the attack on a scholarly superstar, and how he fights back. Slate, April 8, 1998.
^ Evans, Richard J. (2002). Telling Lies about Hitler. Verso. p. 35. ISBN 1-85984-417-0.
^ Guttenplan, D.D. The Holocaust on Trial, New York: W.W. Norton, 2001 page 210
^ Guttenplan, D.D. The Holocaust on Trial, New York: W.W. Norton, 2001 pages 212-213
^ Guttenplan, D.D. The Holocaust on Trial, New York: W.W. Norton, 2001 pages 213–214
^ Daniel J. Goldhagen; Christopher R. Browning; Leon Wieseltier (April 8, 1996). "The "Willing Executioners" / "Ordinary Men" Debate" (PDF file, direct download 105 KB). Selections from the Symposium. Introduction by Michael Berenbaum. USHMM.org. pp. 1 / 48 in current document. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
^ Christopher Browning La décision concernant la solution finale from Colloque de l.Ecole des Hautes Etudes en sciences sociales, L.Allemagne nazie et le génocide juif, Gallimard-Le Seuil, Paris1985, page 19.
^ a b Rees, Lawrence The Nazis pages 148-149.
^ Rees, Lawrence The Nazis page 149.
^ Rees, Lawrence The Nazis page 150
Browning, Christopher R. Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland. Publisher: Harper Perennial; reprint edition (April 24, 1998), ISBN 0060995068.
Bauer, Yehuda Rethinking the Holocaust, New Haven [Conn.] ; London : Yale University Press, 2001
Guttenplan, D. D. The Holocaust on Trial, New York : Norton, 2001.
Marrus, Michael The Holocaust in History, Toronto : Lester & Orpen Dennys, 1987
Rosenbaum, Ron Explaining Hitler : the search for the origins of his evil New York : Random House, 1998. ISBN 0-679-43151-9 OCLC 317866934
Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Christopher Browning from the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum
A Brief Description of Dr. Browning from his UNC faculty website
The Origins of the Final Solution : The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942
Browning's review of The Destruction of the European Jews by Raul Hilberg
An interview with Browning in Yad Vashem website
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Browning&oldid=899277571"


Welcome to the Epic MegaJam!
We have had TWO YEARS of #ue4jams, so once again we're making the October event into a massive extravaganza! Larger prizes, more award categories, and partner sponsorship are all in store for those wanting to take part in this event of Epic proportions.
Work alone or with a team (up to 5 members) to make the most incredible project based on the theme in Unreal Engine 4, and submit before the deadline.
The game must not be an obvious extension of one of Epic Games' official Unreal Engine tutorials.
Must be packaged for Windows or Mac OS. No full, unpackaged projects. VR projects are accepted.
In Unreal Engine game jam tradition, we'll be kicking this one off and announcing the theme on the livestream on October 6 and giving participants an entire week to create and submit an awesome game built in the engine.
This year we have three raffles that all submissions will be entered into, three visual awards chosen by Allegorithmic, three special categories with prizes and a Grand Prize raffle, plus prizes, for the finalist teams. We judge submissions for their aesthetic, unique use of the theme and gameplay on a 1-5 point scale and the top 3 teams will be declared the winners.
All participants of the who submit a valid entry will be entered into a drawing to win a brand new NUC Kit. Based on the total count of qualifying submissions, we'll be raffling off a number of NUCs! Here's the breakdown.
All participants of the who submit a valid entry will be entered into a drawing to win a SpeedTree swag pack. Based on the total count of qualifying submissions, we'll be raffling off a number of packs that include a $150 Gift card + 1 year SpeedTree subscription + a SpeedTree t-shirt! Here's the breakdown.
All participants of the who submit a valid entry will be entered into a drawing to win a SideFX prize pack, which includes a Houdini Indie License, Houdini/SideFX swag and a t-shirt.
Just like last year, our sponsor Allegorithmic will pick the top three most visually appealing entries to win licenses to Substance Live. The first place winner will receive a one year license per team member, second place gets a Substance Live six month license per team member, and for third place a Substance Live three month license will be given to each team member.
"Coolest Character Design" for the game with the most awesome and unique characters.
"Best Game Under 100mb" for the best game that doesn't take up too much space.
Winners of these special category prizes will be rewarded with Unreal Engine stickers/buttons, an Unreal Engine Game Jam t-shirt per team member, a Fortnite Alpha access key per team member, and a Shadow Complex Remastered key for Steam per team member.
An Unreal Engine Game Jam t-shirt per team member, a Fortnite Alpha access key per team member, a Shadow Complex Remastered key for Steam per team member, a one year license for Houdini Indie per team member, a Houdini Indie promotional material package per team member, a SpeedTree t-shirt per team member, a one-year subscription to SpeedTree per team member, and a $500 SpeedTree coupon (one per team).
All submissions will be featured in a highlight reel posted to our YouTube and shown on Twitch. All winning members will receive an Epic swag bag amongst numerous other items, a "Game Jam Finalist" forum badge, a featured playthrough on the October 27 Twitch stream, as well as a highlight on Unreal Engine blog!
Last edited by Alexander Paschall; 10-27-2016, 11:34 PM. Reason: TEAMS!!!!
I'd like to get a team or teams sorted from the London Unreal Engine Meetup. I could organise a venue for us to meet up at the weekend. Beer, pizzas and dev!
I'm @londonisunreal, the organiser of the London Unreal Engine Meetup group.
Just want to check, is it ok to use assets bought on the Marketplace?
[MENTION=77286]AxelRantila[/MENTION]: In the other gamejams it's allowed to use Assets which were not made by a teammember, but you have to declare it! Since Epic didn't prohibit the use of 3rd Party assets in the anouncement, there is no reason not to use them.
Sad, I can only travel around NRW and some cities around, everything else is too far/expensive <3.
Is it ok to use custom builds of UE4 for this? Other games jams can sometimes be quite restrictive about that kind of thing.
As long as it came from Unreal Engine, we don't have any rules against editing source for your jam project. Just make sure that you mention any previously created content in your submission post is all.
Thanks for the reply. Just to confirm though, we normally use either NVIDIA's VXGI build, or lately GalaxyMan2015's complete GameWorks build. Are these acceptable as long as they're disclosed? Or is it only modifications we've made ourselves to the source?


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Even with COVID Vaccines, the Media Can't Help But Fuel American Panic
Source: AP Photo/Jessica Hill
Two vaccines are on the way. Pfizer is already being distributed and administered to health care workers. Moderna's is expected to be approved this Friday. It's 94 percent effective. We'll have two vaccines on the market to help rid ourselves of COVID. Now, granted, you have to get two shots for it to be fully effective, taken 28 days apart (via NBC News):
Moderna's Covid-19 vaccine is 94 percent effective at preventing symptomatic illness and appears to prevent the spread of the virus as well, according to documents released Tuesday.
The findings set the Moderna vaccine up for emergency use authorization by the Food and Drug Administration by the end of this week, meaning Americans could soon have two highly effective Covid-19 vaccines, after the first shots of Pfizer-BioNTech's vaccine were given to health care workers on Monday.
The high efficacy of the Moderna vaccine was noted after two doses given 28 days apart. This is about the same level of effectiveness as the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.
But there is also evidence that just one dose of Moderna's may stop the virus's spread. A second document published on the FDA website shows asymptomatic infection was reduced by 63 percent after the first shot.
Still, it is expected that regulators will require two doses of the vaccine for maximum protection.
Yeah, and there's the panic porn peddler hook right there: asymptomatic infection. Look, folks, I got COVID Thanksgiving week. It's why I was AWOL for the first week in December. It's no picnic. I had a mild case so to speak since I was never hospitalized, but this virus beats the hell out of you. I was lucky. Now, I do believe in asymptomatic infection and spread, but not so sure about the impact. If we're going by what CNN and the rest of the liberal media, we would have 200 million cases by now if what they were saying was true. By their standard, no one us will ever be allowed outside again. But that's not the point here.
We have two vaccines. They're highly effective. They've been released before the end of 2020. We have light at the end of the tunnel—and the media can't help but continue their fetish with the doom and gloom. On December 8, The New York Times wrote, "The coronavirus vaccines will probably prevent you from getting sick with Covid-19. But it's not yet clear whether you can still get infected asymptomatically and silently spread the virus."
AGHamilton, an excellent follow on Twitter, noted he's writing an essay on "how the media's coverage of Covid-19 has consistently underplayed any related positive news and instead overemphasized unlikely worst-case scenarios."
One thing I'm writing about for this week's newsletter is how the media's coverage of Covid-19 has consistently underplayed any related positive news and instead overemphasized unlikely worst-case scenarios. https://t.co/107Yq6Mg4Y
— AG (@AGHamilton29) December 15, 2020
You remember how we had a massive shortage of tens of thousands of ventilators? How hospitals were on the verge of denying care? How there was no chance we would get a vaccine this year? etc.
In each case, the coverage went in one direction.
CARTOONS | Henry Payne
Democrat House Already Planning Gun Control Bills
The non-racist Biden administration announces the racist travel bans that racist President Trump took down will instead remain...in non-racist fashion

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The first installment of Frieze Los Angeles takes place in the heart of Hollywood, at legendary Paramount Studios. Frieze LA is not only showcasing some of the world's most important galleries. The fair, sponsored by Deutsche Bank, also has an ambitious framework program. And it shows that Los Angeles, alongside New York, has become an epicenter of the U.S. art scene. A preview by Achim Drucks.
Lisa Anne Auerbach, Psychic Center of Los Angeles ([from American Megazine 2), 2014. Courtesy of the artist and Gavlak, Los Angeles and Palm Beach.
Sarah Cain, Now I'm going to tell you everything, 2017, Installation view, Institute of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, 2017 – 2018. Courtesy of the artist.
"Laughs. The joy of the absolute absurdity of opulence and elitism. A fun conversation." Tom Pope promises all of this to visitors to his One Square Club, the world's smallest private members' club measuring just one square meter. Featuring a bespoke bar, stylish wallpaper, and cozy lighting, it brings British lifestyle to Paramount Studios. Or to be more precise, to its backlot, the part of the studios where outdoor scenes are shot. The British artist got the idea for the installation, which is reminiscent of a telephone booth when seen from the outside, a few years ago. At that time, he learned that a single square meter of ground in London's posh Kensington neighborhood cost a whopping 11.365 pounds (approximately 13,000 euros). "I thought, that's mad," recalls Pope, who was the recipient of a Deutsche Bank Award for up-and-coming artists in 2011. "How did this value come about? What is it based on?" His One Square Club then not only became the world's smallest club, but also the most exclusive. Membership lasts only one day and its price is based on the value of the square meter on which the installation is currently standing. But now Frieze Los Angeles is offering people the opportunity to visit the club for free as Deutsche Bank is presenting Pope's work in its ArtSpace. The respective guest can select music, drink something, interpret a karaoke number with the artist, or talk with him about how the value of the property – or that of art – arises.
Frieze Projects enhance the slightly surreal feeling conveyed by the film sets, inasmuch as fair visitors find themselves in two places at the same time, so to speak – in an artificial New York and a real Los Angeles. Among other things, this is a humorous allusion to the competition between the two most important art metropolises in the USA. While New York was long regarded as the uncontested number one, Los Angeles has caught up in recent years. The boom there is abundantly clear. Some of the world's most popular artists live and work in LA, including Laura Owens, Ryan Trecartin, and Sterling Ruby. Also, new private exhibition venues such as The Broad and the Marciano Art Foundation have become established there, enriching a museum landscape that was already outstanding beforehand with LACMA, MOCA, and the Hammer Museum. Young galleries are flourishing downtown, such as Night Gallery and The Box, the latter directed by Paul McCarthy's daughter Mara. And global players like Sprüth Magers and Hauser & Wirth have opened branches in the metropolis in the last few years. All of these galleries have a presence at the first Frieze Los Angeles, reflecting the tremendous breadth of the local art scene. A total of some 70 galleries were selected for the fair. Most of the participants come from three cities in which Frieze is active: London, New York, and Los Angeles. They are housed in a tent designed by Kulapat Yantrasast. The former assistant of Tadao Ando is currently one of the most sought-after museum architects. In Los Angeles, he designed the Institute of Contemporary Art and the Marciano Art Foundation, among others.
Deutsche Bank has been involved in Frieze, which was founded in London, since 2004. As the Global Lead Partner, the bank has also accompanied the expansion of the art fair, which initiated Frieze Masters and Frieze New York in 2012, and now the offshoot in Los Angeles. Aside from Tom Pope's One Square Club in its ArtSpace, Deutsche Bank is also presenting a current artistic position in its lounge in the Paramount Theatre. In keeping with the cinema location, it selected Victoria Fu, an artist who works with motion pictures. Her immersive installations, which amalgamate clips from the Internet with film and video material she shoots herself, investigate the relationship between viewer, canvas, space, and image. Taking a painterly approach as their point of departure, Fu's works rely on suggestive light effects. Her installation in the lounge reacts to the elegantly curved architecture of the movie theater's lobby. She alludes to its circular elements, plays with natural and artificial light, and deploys projections and neon sculptures. Examining light and space in conjunction with digital technologies, Fu is taking the tradition of Californian artists such as James Turrell and Robert Irwin into the future. Her works combine the analog and the virtual, the fictive and the real, and make the images shine – just like the current Hollywood productions normally shown at the Paramount Theatre.
The focus of Frieze Los Angeles is on the West Coast art scene, which is apparent at the gallery booths. Doug Aitken's new video works, for example, are devoted to his home city of LA. And while Wayne Thiebaud's large-scale landscape paintings celebrate Californian light, Kathryn Andrews' most recent project was inspired by LA's dark side, the still unresolved "Black Dahlia" murder of 1947, which provided the basis for the current television series I Am the Night. Art and pop culture, high and low, have always been closely intertwined in California. A case in point is the work of Mike Kelley, whose trailblazing installation Unisex Love Nest is on view for the first time in Los Angeles, the place where it originated exactly 20 years ago, thanks to the Frieze fair. Other highlights are works by Carrie Mae Weems, Tracey Emin, Mona Hatoum, Anri Sala, and Roman Ondak, all of whom are represented in the Deutsche Bank Collection.
While international fairs such as Paris Photo had previously failed to gain a foothold in Los Angeles, the Frieze can look optimistically to the future. The participation of first-rate galleries such as Gagosian, White Cube, Perrotin, and Ropac heightens trust in the new venture. And the fair already is very well connected locally. The Frieze's 52-member (!) Host Committee boasts many big names, from celebrities like Salma Hayek, Tobey Maguire, and Serena Williams to the most important protagonists of the local art world. Among the supporters are mega collectors Edythe and Eli Broad, as well as museum directors Klaus Biesenbach (Museum of Contemporary Art), Michael Govan (LACMA), and Ann Philbin (Hammer Museum). The dates of the fair were strategically slotted between the Grammy Awards and the Oscars. And the Frieze begins right on Valentine's Day. The best prerequisites for a long-term love story between Los Angeles and Frieze.


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Low Fat & Oil Free
Organic & Non-GMO
Build Muscle & Exercise
Hair Loss & Appearance
Energy & Sleep
Nootropics / Brain
Libido & Fertility
Benefits of Eating Mushrooms
10 Reasons to Choose Organic Foods Today
10 Facts about Atkins Diet You Need to Know
Healthy Pregnancy Diets- Top Ten Foods To Eat When Pregnant
Top Ten Health Benefits Of Doing Pilates For Older People
The Pros and Cons of Health-tracking Watches
The Top 9 Benefits of Eating Pineapple
Benefits of Eating Grapes
Benefits of Eating Dates
The Effects of Energy Drinks on Health
Best Essential Oils for Your Skin
Is Canola Oil Good or a Danger to Health?
Benefits of Coconut Sugar vs. Cane Sugar Are a Big Scam
Superfoodly April 17, 2019
What is coconut sugar?
Palm sugar vs. coconut sugar
What is the glycemic impact?
Is it good for you?
Which sweetener is best?
Not too long ago, a couple of us were at a popular vegan and gluten free bakery north of LA; Karma in Westlake Village.
Not that it would have stopped us from indulging, but before doing so, we inquired as to what sweeteners they were using for their sugar-free desserts.
"None. They are sugar-free."
That's what she said. Then do you use stevia or monk fruit? Maybe a sugar-alcohol like xylitol?
Her answer again was no. She denied that apple or grape juice were used too when asked.
Having eaten their desserts before – and knowing full well they are very sweet – we continued to press as to what they were using. Eventually, here was the answer we extracted from her:
"They're sugar-free, because they are made with coconut sugar."
Wow. If we had diabetes, her faulty nutritional advice may have put us in danger of a diabetic coma!
Unfortunately, that is the mindset that many have about this white powder replacement, as well as the liquid form, coconut nectar. The truth is that neither form is healthy for you.
There are much better alternatives out there, but don't use stevia, because that might be even worse!
Similar to how maple syrup is harvested, coconut sap is harvested by tapping the blossoms of the tree. A funnel is connected to these holes to slowly collect the sap. To turn it into a powdered sweetener, the manufacturing process entails heating the sap until all of the water has evaporated. The remaining solids are granulated and this makes coconut sugar.
Blonde is sometimes the name used for the "unrefined" version, which technically is just less refined.
Many in the media say it's a source of vitamin C, and minerals like potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, and calcium. Claiming any of those is highly misleading.
If you look at the nutrition facts label for popular brands like Nutiva, Wholesome, Bob's Red Mill, Big Tree Farm, and Viva Naturals, you will see no minerals listed or a very low 1-2% for iron, potassium, copper, zinc, vitamin C, and thiamin (vitamin B1). That's about the most you will see and it's for organic and unrefined.
The more processed forms will round down to 0%.
Amino acids? Despite what you may have heard, there are zero grams of protein.
So yes, you can truthfully say there are vitamins in coconut palm sugar, in the same way you can say there are vitamins in McDonald's fries. Both offer some, but not much!
There is no difference between coconut sugar and coconut palm sugar. Prior to the Dr. Oz show, using "palm" in the name was less common. After he called it coconut palm, that all changed. Some manufacturers even re-branded their packaging to cash in on the name.
Coconut sugar is also the same thing as coconut palm sugar, coconut crystals, crystallized coconut sap, and dehydrated or evaporated nectar.
What is coconut nectar or sap? That's just the liquid form. Don't assume it's unprocessed though, because some manufacturers will simply take the sugar, reconstitute it with water, and then bottle it to create a liquid which is not in the natural form it was when originally harvested. Regular brown sugar is often made in an equally deceptive way, by taking the white cane and adding molasses to it.
One thing that is distinctly different from all of these is plain ol' palm sugar.
Unless the word "coconut" is placed in front of it, then it's probably made from the date palm, also known as the sugar palm tree. That's not the same tree that edible coconuts are harvested from. Only when it comes from the Cocos nucifera tree is it called coconut palm sugar.
You will see many sources claim it's a low glycemic sweetener. Most can't or don't reference where they're even getting that data from.
For those few which do identify the source, when you dig in, you discover it's a single-authored paper that was put out by the Philippines Food & Nutrition Research Institute, way back in 2003. (1)
Oh and a little conflict of interest to mention is that the Philippines and Indonesia are the two largest exporters, so they have a vested interest in it.
The government-sanctioned report states the glycemic index of coconut sugar is 35 and for coconut sap/syrup, it's 39. The GI testing involved 10 participants who were given a 50 gram serving following an overnight fast.
Although he doesn't state the GI number of 35 on the air, presumably that is also the source Dr. Oz had in mind during a 2012 episode, when he said coconut palm sugar is "a nutritious natural sweetener" that is "low glycemic" and seeming to infer it may help you lose weight better than others.
The problem? No one seems to be citing the deficiencies with that test, or the other test which came a decade after.
The University of Sydney in Australia is considered to be the foremost leader in this field. They maintain the most comprehensive public database of GI values on the web.
The Sydney University Glycemic Index Research Service (SUGiRS) works on a hired basis to test products for food manufacturers. Here's what their manager, Fiona Atkinson, had to say about the GI of 35 and Dr. Oz coconut sugar commentary (2):
"That's an old value from the Philippines and it was not tested according to the ISO method. We have recently tested coconut sugar for a company, but the results must remain confidential until they give us permission to publish them. I can say that although the GI was certainly not 35, it was low for what is essentially a sucrose-based sugar."
So it may be low[er] for a sugar, but it's "certainly not 35" according to their test, which uses the best methodology.
So what's the real number?
The more recent 2014 test from Sydney also used 10 healthy participants. They reported the coconut sugar GI is 54. The serving size used was just 5 grams. That's not much better than regular sugar made from beets or cane, which comes in at 60. (3) (4)
Anyone who says coconut sugar is good for you definitely has a skewed perception. With almost no vitamins or minerals and a glycemic impact that's not much better versus white cane sugar, it's hard to make a sound argument that it is truly healthy.
You can't say it's paleo given the manufacturing process used. Nor can you say coconut sugar is good for diabetics. Yes it may be slightly better vs. sugar and high fructose corn syrup, but saying it's diabetic-friendly is kind of like saying a broken toe is better than a broken foot. All of these sweeteners can be terrible for your health. Being non-GMO and organic won't change that.
And no, they won't help you with weight loss. In excess, they will make you fat and give you type 2 diabetes. That's the truth whether you like it or not.
The same can also be said about jaggery, which is another superfood scam. That one is from India and it's said to be low GI, but it really isn't. Likewise for honey. Depending on the source, honey can be even worse for you than the regular white.
Perhaps one benefit the sugar of coconut has going for it is that it's vegan. Unlike table sugar from beet and cane, which uses bone charring to achieve the bleached white color, coconut is rarely put through that process.
We all indulge in bad stuff on occasion. There's nothing to apologize for about that. But if you're going around telling yourself (and others) that this is some Paleo-friendly, low glycemic superfood sweetener, you're downright delusional.
Not stevia. You already know about the nasty aftertaste, but that is really the least of concerns.
The big problem that the public is unaware of is that stevia is safe according to the FDA's acceptable daily intake (ADI) which is 7x lower than aspartame.
Yes, you read that correctly. To stay within the safe ADI, you need to eat 1/7th the amount of stevia vs. aspartame. That equals just 9 packets per day.
Why? Because when the bacteria in the gut breakdown the steviol glycosides, they produce the aglycone of stevioside, which is mutagenic.
This is the stevia side effect no one seems to be talking about.
The best sugar alternative comes from dates, which are dried and ground up into a powder. GI testing for it has ranged from 43 to 55. (5)
That's not "healthy" or "good for weight loss" but it is less bad for you than coconut, cane, and corn syrup. We recommend this brand of date sugar.
If you want zero glycemic impact, then a good monk fruit product will be your best bet.
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March 13, 2018 Estelle Reply
Actually when i check my blood sugar levels after using coconut palm sugar vs sugar or any other sweetener, my levels are lowest with palm sugar. The other artificial sweeteners give me migraine headaches. So what is that saying? lots of chemicals that are really bad for you. Just because it says fruit sweetener, how are they processing it? with harmful chemicals.
July 5, 2018 Dean Simmons Reply
I appreciate the conjecture and critical thinking provided there; you help others to seek new avenues of better health.
Although, I agree with the other guy here. I battled type 1 diabetes for years. It Matters how our food is processed.
While palm sugar/syrup in & of itself, isn't a saving grace, ALL unrefined sources of sugars and fructose, (such as Palm sugar), ripe fruits, honey, ect, are much better for your health than refined sugar, because of the individual balance of nutrients that they (nature) contains.
However small, our bodies and cells need those micro (and macro) nutrients, minerals, and enzymes to keep things running on a cellular level and to metabolize sugar/fructose in a way that supports life!
We force our bodies into imbalance, (poor health and weight) and to scavenge/create nutrients and enzymes otherwise.
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text:
For Everything There Was A Season: Phenology Shifts in the Tetons
For Everything There Was A Season: Phenology Shifts in the TetonsMark Ollenburger2021-12-09T20:33:19+00:00
Research Associates: Trevor Bloom and Corinna Riginos
Project Partners: Donal O'Leary
Project overview: Using Dr. Frank Craighead Jr's historical phenology observations of the Tetons, Bloom, O'Leary and Riginos are researching how climate change is impacting the seasonal timing of ecological events in Grand Teton National Park.
Backstory: Around the world, phenology — or the timing of ecological events — is shifting as the climate warms. This can lead to a variety of consequences for individual species and for ecological communities as a whole, most notably through asynchronies that can develop between plants and animals that depend upon each other. Within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and Grand Teton National Park, there is as yet little understanding of how climate change is affecting plant and animal phenology.
Researchers Trevor Bloom, Donal O'Leary, and Corinna Riginos are building on the observations of local biologist and writer, Dr. Frank Craighead Jr., to answer these questions. In the 1970's, Craighead intimately studied the timing of natural events outside his home in Moose, WY, and used his observations to write the amazing book For Everything There is a Season: The Sequence of Natural Events in the Grand Teton-Yellowstone Region.
Late biologist Frank Craighead recorded hundreds of observations on the seasonal timing of ecological events to write the book For Everything There was a Season. Nearly 50 years later, NRCC research associates are retracing his footsteps. Notes and photo courtesy of Charlie Craighead.
Nearly fifty years later, NRCC researchers are following in Craighead's footsteps. Increased spring temperatures have shifted the flowering times for most species between the 1970s and the 2010s. Researchers observed the largest change in phenology in early spring flowers, which as a group bloomed on average 17 days earlier, and as much as 36 days earlier. Mid-summer flowers bloomed on average 10 days earlier, nonnative species 15 days earlier, and berry-producing shrubs 5 days earlier, while late summer flowering plants did not shift.
Despite the earlier flowering times, the seasonal behavior of many animals (based on day-length rather than climatic cues) has remained the same. This can cause tremendous mismatches in ecological timing. How will bears react when berries peak in the summer, rather than in the fall, when they need them as a food source before entering hibernation? How will hummingbirds feed nectar to their young when the flowers bloom weeks too early? This project seeks to investigate these questions in order to help managers plan conservation efforts and is working directly with Grand Teton National Park to better inform restoration efforts at Antelope Flats.
Current Status: Bloom, O'Leary and Riginos are in the process of publishing the results from the first four years of the study. This will be publicly shared upon acceptance for publication. The most up to date report is available here in the University of Wyoming/National Park Service Research Station Annual Report Vol. 42 (2019).
Outreach and Education:
In addition to the scientific research, NRCC associates have created a successful citizen science project to engage local community members, volunteers, schools, and other conservation directly in this work through Wildflower Watch. Wildflower Watch is now in its fourth year and has engaged over 700 volunteers to make nearly 8,000 observations on the phenology or seasonal timing of common wildflowers in Grand Teton National Park. The data collected is uploaded to the USA National Phenological Network and informs local and regional models.
Wildflower Watch and the work by NRCC associates inspired the permanent mural by Katie Ann Fox displayed on the side of Trio restaurant in downtown Jackson Hole, sponsored by Jackson Hole Public Art.
Artist Katy Ann Fox paints mural inspired by Wildflower Watch in downtown Jackson. Photo credit: Ryan Dorgan.
NRCC research associates Trevor Bloom and Corinna Riginos believer there is no better way to make climate change and its effects real to people than to give them opportunities to see for themselves the changes that are occurring in our ecosystem. If you are interested in learning more, or you'd like to volunteer for Wildflower Watch, please email trevor@nrccooperative.org.
Partners: The Nature Conservancy, Grand Teton National Park, USA National Phenological Network
Project start year: 2016
Location: Grand Teton National Park and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
in touch today and start making the difference.


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"Accidental Dilemma, Part 2" is episode #635 of the Adventures in Odyssey audio series. It was written and directed by Paul McCusker, and originally aired on March 29, 2008.
Carson, Whit, and Tasha Forbes discover that the Whisperer did not fly away with Jason in the helicopter, but is still up in the mountains by Trickle Lake. Tasha and her agents storm the Whisperer's hideout but the Whisperer has already left. He took Jason and Grady to Whit's End to try and get Jason to give him the computer program called Applesauce that Whit created, and that the Whisperer will use to rule the world.
Whit and Carson, who were at Trickle Lake, leave for Whit's End to try and catch up with the Whisperer. Connie, who was monitoring Whit's End for Whit, is kidnapped by Agent Huddleston, who double crossed Tasha and is working for the Whisperer.
The Whisperer and Jason get into the basement of Whit's End where the Whisperer demands that Jason give him the computer program. Whit comes in and tells Jason not to give it to him, citing that he and Jason outnumber the Whisperer. Agent Huddleston steps in and evens things out, using Connie as a hostage to persuade Jason to give them the program. Jason reveals that the program that they think is Applesauce is actually a bomb that Jason can and will use if the Whisperer and Huddleston do not do as Jason says.
When they decide to cooperate, Jason and Whit find out that neither one of them know how to disarm the bomb. Jason takes off with the laptop through the tunnel to the park. Whit and the others run the other direction and get out of Whit's End just before the explosion. Jason dies in the explosion. The Whisperer tries to get away, but is stopped by Carson who sabotaged his get away van, and Tasha who has just arrived with the rest of the police force.
Whit makes a trip away from Odyssey to grieve the death of his son. Or so it appears; until Whit meets up with him at a place called the Riviera. The two of them go over the recent events of the past few days: the Whisperer believes that Jason is dead. Tasha believes that as well, though she is suspicious that Jason is still alive. Jason knows that if Tasha finds him, he'll have to live in a safe house since people know that he knows government secrets. So Jason decides that he will live in freedom under an alias name (Jason Israel). Though, the sad fact is, he can never come home to live permanently once again in Odyssey.
In "Accidental Dilemma", Jason is struggling to remember the secret code to disarm the computer. The Whisperer says, "I always use my birthday." Actor Chris Edgerly ad-libbed this line. And it is writer Paul McCusker's favorite ad-lib of Album 50: The Best Small Town.
Officer Burke's lines in this show consist of: "Get your hands up!"
This episode's name is an allusion to the name of the episode #8: "Dental Dilemma".
The geography of Odyssey: The mountains and landmarks around Odyssey have been inspired by a number of places around the United States. In "Accidental Dilemma", Tasha Forbes mentions Gold Camp Road that leads into the mountains from Odyssey but has been closed for years. The real Gold Camp Road is in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Gold Camp Road is also mentioned in #683: "The Green Ring Conspiracy, Part 5".
The radio announcer's speech at the end of the episode is very reminiscent of the television announcement at the end of #333: "The Last Resort".
Additionally, a presumed death in a tunnel explosion at Whit's End is a plotline previously used in #333: "The Last Resort".
A double-crossing government agent previously appeared in #290 – #291: "A Name, Not a Number".
Carson McKay is able to stop The Whisperer's car's engine from running by putting a potato in the exhaust pipe. Unfortunately, this is an urban legend that has been disproven repeatedly.
Grady McKay: So, when are you going to do it?
Grady McKay: Do that thing you do to escape! You know, pull a bazooka out of your wristwatch, or click your heels together and eject us through the roof!
Jason Whittaker: Sorry, I'm a gadget free agent.
The Whisperer: Whereas I am a gadget filled villain!
The Whisperer: Ah! Whit. At last we meet.
John Whittaker: At last. <pause> Should I know you?
The Whisperer: You have an awful lot of explosives around a kids' shop, Whittaker. Remind me not to send my nephews here.
The Whisperer: <talking about bomb code> You know, I always use my birthday.
Grady McKay: You dirty, rotten traitor!
The Whisperer: Step back. You don't know about my cane!
Connie Kendall: Why didn't someone think of that before?!
Jason Whittaker: Who'd have thought that killing me would be the best way to keep me safe?
Tasha Forbes: Agent Brooke, get Huddleston out of my sight!


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Cyber security plan for Insurance Companies is mandatory: IRDAI Know from our expert Mr. Deepak Yohannan, CEO and founder at MyInsuranceClub.
Watch this video to learn how to get protected against the latest network attacks, from phishing to viruses by creating a multi-layered security plan.
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The often overlooked gap in many security plans are our own employees.
The importance of having a Cyber Security Action plan, Listen in! Get #tTech Secure!
How Is the Network Security Market Evolving?
Uli Schlegel examines how network security demands have changed over the past decade and takes a look at what's coming next.
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text:
Q: Referencing movieclip within another movie in Flash AS3 I was creating a drap and drop simple game, dragging and dropping an item from within a movie clip. All was working fine, but then I had to add more items so I created a ScrollPane and referenced the movie clip through that, now I need to rework how I pull reference that movieclip again.
The movieclip is exported so the scrollpane can bring it in...
before:
package {

    import flash.display.*;
    import flash.geom.Point;
    import flash.events.*;

    public class shopping extends Sprite {

        public function shopping() {

            shoppinglist.Ketch.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, pickUp);
            shoppinglist.Ketch.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP, dropIt);

Any help welcome... And hope this makes sense...
**Edit
Still really struggling on this, here is my code:
package {

    import flash.display.*;
    import flash.events.MouseEvent;
    import flash.geom.Point;
    import flash.events.KeyboardEvent;
    import flash.events.*;

    public class shopping extends MovieClip {

        public function shopping() {

            var counter:Number = 0;
            var startX:Number;
            var startY:Number;
            var budget:Number = 25
            scoreText.text = 'You have £'+budget+' for your weekly shop';
            priceText.text = '£'+budget;

            ScrollList.Ketch.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, pickUp);
            ScrollList.Ketch.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP, dropIt);

            public function pickUp(e:MouseEvent):void {
                e.target.startDrag(true);
                reply_txt.text = "";
                e.target.parent.addChild(e.target);
                startX = e.target.x;
                startY = e.target.y;
            }

            public function dropIt(e:MouseEvent):void {
                e.target.stopDrag();
                if (e.target.dropTarget != null && e.target.dropTarget.parent == trolley){
                    //reply_txt.text = "Good Job!";
                    e.target.removeEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, pickUp);
                    e.target.removeEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP, dropIt);
                    e.target.buttonMode = false;
                    //e.target.x = trolley.x;
                    //e.target.y = trolley.y;

                    if(e.currentTarget.name == 'Ketch'){
                        budget -= 1.25;
                        scoreText.text = 'You have £'+budget+' for your weekly shop';
                    }

                    counter++;
                } else {
                    //reply_txt.text = "Try Again!";
                    e.target.x = startX;
                    e.target.y = startY;
                }
                if(counter == 4){
                    reply_txt.text = "Congrats, you're finished!";
                }
            }

            ScrollList.Ketch.buttonMode = true;
        }
    }
}

A: Well here is the little code that might help
var Gotparent;
var myobj ;
public function pickUp(e:Event):void
{
 myobj      =  (evt.currentTarget)

 Gotparent  =   myobj.parent;

 addChild(myobj);

 myobj.startDrag(true);

}
public function dropIt(e:Event):void
{
  myobj.stop();
  Gotparent.addChild(myobj);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How onInitialized works in Bootstrap-multiselect Very simple example : https://jsfiddle.net/x6z6w0n8/8/
How can I set selected values on Initialization step without creating duplicate?
Sample from off site works well. https://jsbin.com/yupinelefa/edit?html,js,console

As I noticed, in off-example they don't initialize select, they just use event onInitialized. But when I initialize (set options) to select in onInitialized event then nothing is changed, I also have 2 selects.

In general - I have bootstrap-multiselect on page. OnInitialization I want to set selected values in it.
I have next code as example :
<select id="example-onInitialized" multiple="multiple" class="multiple">
     <option value="1">Option 1</option>
     <option value="2">Option 2</option>
     <option value="3">Option 3</option>
     <option value="4">Option 4</option>
     <option value="5">Option 5</option>
     <option value="6">Option 6</option>
</select>

$('.multiselect').multiselect({
            onInitialized: function(select, container) {
               $(select).multiselect('select', 2); // I want to select item with value '2'
         }
});

But this script creates one additional select. So as result I have one select with selected value '2' and one empty select.
For me it seems like every call of .multiselect() will create new select. Is it right? Thanks.

A: Updated fiddle.
That happen because select is an option that should be called always on .multiselect() (that initialize the plugin), so in your case your plugin will be initilized for the second time when you will use it.

onInitialized() is a function which is triggered when the multiselect is finished initializing.

The select option is made to select also the given values after initialization of the plugin, so you could just use it like :
$('.multiple').multiselect('select', 2);

Hope this helps.


Unless you believe that I am He, you will die in your sins.
Jesus is unique from other religious leaders because He claimed He would someday return to judge the world. Jesus said, "When the Son of Man comes in His glory, and all the angels with Him, then He will sit on His glorious throne. All the nations will be gathered before Him; and He will separate them from one another, as the shepherd separates the sheep from the goats; and He will put the sheep on His right, and the goats on the left. Then the King will say to those on His right, 'Come, you who are blessed of My Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world'" (Matthew 25:31-34). Other religious leaders have said that a person's eternal destiny depends on their response to a higher being–somebody greater than the leader. But Jesus said our eternal destiny depends on what we believe about Jesus Himself. In John 3:17-18, Jesus said, "God did not send the Son into the world to judge the world, but that the world might be saved through Him. He who believes in Him is not judged; he who does not believe has been judged already, because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God." Jesus said in John 8:24, "Unless you believe that I am He, you will die in your sins." Your eternal destiny depends on what you believe regarding Jesus for the salvation of your soul.
In his book "The World's Living Religions," Robert Hume noted that the nine founders of the world's greatest religions all had a period in their lives when they doubted who they were and what their mission was. But Jesus never doubted who He was. From the time Jesus was 12 until His death, He knew exactly who He was–the Son of God who came to provide salvation for the world. Jesus never claimed to be looking for some light for guidance, as other religious leaders claimed. Instead, Jesus said, "I am the Light of the world; he who follows Me will not walk in the darkness, but will have the Light of life" (8:12). Jesus claimed to be God. He claimed to be able to forgive sins. He claimed to conquer death. He claimed He was coming back to judge the world. And given the fact that Jesus claimed all those things, you cannot say, "I think He was just a good moral teacher." That is not an intellectually honest conclusion considering what Jesus claimed about Himself.
Given the fact that Jesus claimed to be the Son of God, C. S. Lewis said you have to come to one of three conclusions. The first possibility is that Jesus was a liar. That is, Jesus claimed to be God when in fact He knew He was not God. A second possibility is that He was a lunatic. That is, Jesus thought He was God when in fact He was not. But given what you know about Jesus–His words, His actions, and His teachings–is it logical to say Jesus was a lunatic? Lewis said there is only one other conclusion and that is Jesus is Lord. He is exactly who He claimed to be. If Jesus Christ is in fact the Messiah, then that means everything He said is true.
Robert Ernest Hume, "The World's Living Religions" (Edinburgh, Scotland: T&T Clark, 1929).


text:
Yamaha Motor Company Limited
Credit Opinion: Yamaha Motor Company Limited: Update following change of outlook to positive
Peer Snapshot: Yamaha Motor Company Limited - December 2018 (LTM): Peer Snapshot
Announcement of Periodic Review: Moody's announces completion of a periodic review of ratings of Yamaha Motor Company Limited
Peer Snapshot: Yamaha Motor Company Limited - September 2018 (LTM): Peer Snapshot
Announcement: Moody's: Japanese corporate earnings growth to decelerate in 2019
MOODY'S UPGRADES YAMAHA MOTOR'S RATINGS TO Baa1 FROM Baa3; OUTLOOK STABLE
Tokyo, August 27, 2004 -- Moody's Investors Service has upgraded Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.'s (Yamaha Motor) senior unsecured debt rating and issuer rating to Baa1 from Baa3. The rating outlook is stable. This action reflects Moody's increasing confidence that Yamaha Motor's overall earnings and cash flow generating ability will continue to improve due to the company's increasing its share of the growing global motorcycle market, as well as its increasing diversification by product and region. The rating action also reflects Moody's expectation that Yamaha Motor will further reduce debt over the medium term by executing its conservative financial policy. This rating action concludes the review initiated on May 27, 2004.
Yamaha Motor has strong brand recognition and a favorable image among consumers worldwide -- which helps the company attract customers -- as well as sound and improving market positions in global motorcycle markets.
Moody's recognizes that Yamaha Motor has consistently improved profitability and grown sales -- especially in motorcycle and marine businesses. It has accomplished this, under increasingly stringent environmental regulations, through aggressive introduction of competitive products such as 4-stroke motorcycle and marine engines, which have superior emission and fuel efficiency characteristics. In addition, the company's production methods have been upgraded over the past few years, and it has reduced costs, which has contributed to securing high margins. Successful restructuring of domestic boat operations, completed in early 2000, has brought increasing benefits, which constitute another factor behind the company's significant operating margin improvement.
As a result of recent improvements, Yamaha Motor's operating profit margin grew to 7.2% in March 2004 from 3.6% in March 2001. Furthermore, the company significantly reduced its debt -- to Yen 118.5 billion in March 2004 from Yen 204.8 billion in March 2000. Yamaha Motor's debt/capitalization ratio improved significantly, to 30.0% in March 2004 from 55.0% in March 2000.
Moody's believes Yamaha Motor will maintain its competitiveness, which should allow it to benefit from the strong demand evident for motorcycles, especially in Asia. The rating agency estimates that motorcycle demand will largely depend on trends in emerging markets, primarily in Asia, where the industry continues to show considerable growth potential. Yamaha Motor should continue to benefit from its growing position in this expanding market.
While Moody's notes that the company continues to exhibit a high export ratio and its earnings and cash flow are sensitive to exchange-rate volatility, Yamaha Motor has diversified its production and revenue base over the past few years. In addition, Moody's believes that the company's earnings structure will further diversify as a result of increased contributions from Asia. Moody's believes the risk associated with exchange rate movements should therefore be manageable.
The company plans to continue implementing various measures to improve its cost structure. Moody's expects that Yamaha Motor's financial strategy will remain conservative over the medium term. The company plans to continue focusing on improving cash flow and reducing debt while maintaining capital expenditures at a reasonable level.
Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd, headquartered in Iwata, Japan, is the world's second-largest manufacturer of motorcycles.
Junichi Yamaki
Rating Group
Moody's Japan K.K.
JOURNALISTS: (03) 5408-4110
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Takahiro Morita


What Is MLM And Why Is It Being Related To Affiliate Marketing?
Lately, there are many articles around talking about how affiliate marketing is slowly destroying MLM. However, there are not enough similarities regarding the segment of the people doing each things, yes they both are a way to earn money. But not because police officers, and fire fighters are public servers looking after the community and that have received some type of training means they are the same and one does not threaten the other.
MLM stands for Multi-level marketing, and if you ask us, is a totally different strategy from affiliate marketing. See, MLM associates are payed for the sales they generate and for the sales people in their network generate. MLM is a type of direct sale, where sales occur with WoM and recommendations. The people involved in this relationship, sales the product and/or service, but also they recommend people to join their networks as a distributor of the company. On the other hand, affiliate marketing directly depends on your work performance, and your income is the reflects the publishers work.
Working with affiliate marketing requires you to learn and study marketing techniques such as SEO, Social Media Marketing, SEM, sponsored content, content generation, ads, email marketing, CRM, and other bunch of things that affiliates do to work as premium publishers. Yes, all of that can be left aside in MLM since sales are directly made. Furthermore, being an affiliate does not require you to be on top of other people's work. Thus, people prefer to work with MLM when it comes to have "easy money" since being on top of others can earn you more easy money.
For people with a selected a skill set, affiliate marketing is much more lucrative than the multi-level marketing, because you do not have to look after the newbies on the team, or teach, train or motivate others. You can concentrate on what you are good at and earn a lot of money without any other trouble.
Affiliate marketing really focus not only shot term results but also on long term that will help your brand be part of the prefer/evoke set of the industry. Working with experienced publishers allows a brand to widen its reach to very high levels, something WoM is more limited. Moreover, is not like users reached by affiliate marketing strategies will not share their findings with family and friends.
Either you work at MLM or at affiliate marketing programs, they both carry responsibilities and are great at producing results for advertisers and money for the partner. We at Wide Markets believe in building a long term experience with our advertiser clients and their buyers. We empower the future without boundaries and find growth by leveraging our innovative solutions, because our goals go beyond a sale, but to build a brand.


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Nearly 40% of Americans Pondering a Move in 2022 — And Most Hope to Buy
Denny Ceizyk
Dan Shepard
Pearly Huang
Updated on: January 11th, 2022
Editorial Note: The content of this article is based on the author's opinions and recommendations alone. It may not have been reviewed, commissioned or otherwise endorsed by any of our network partners.
Americans may be on the move in 2022, seeking more space to accommodate the realities of remote work as the global pandemic continues into another year.
Nearly half of on-the-go consumers hope to realize their homeownership dreams, according to the newest LendingTree survey. Over 50% of them say they need a Fido-friendly house, while a little less than half require outdoor space to call their own.
LendingTree surveyed 2,100 U.S. consumers to ask about potential relocation plans, refinancing and — in some cases — renovation aspirations for 2022.
Americans considering moving generally plan to stay local, but motivating factors and must-haves can impact decision
Baby boomers and millennials are more likely to buy a new home, while Gen Zers stick with renting
Homeowners across the country plan to renovate in 2022, while hybrid workers jump on the refinance bandwagon
About 40% of Americans are considering a move in 2022. Among those most likely to move are Gen Zers and millennials (62% and 53%), remote workers (53%), renters (52%) and parents with young children (50%).
A desire for more space is the No. 1 reason Americans plan to move, while others have certain features in mind. Of those planning to move, the most common must-haves for their next home include that it be pet-friendly (54%), have an outdoor space (49%) and come with a large kitchen (43%).
Nearly half of those planning to move (46%) hope to buy a home. In addition, almost two-thirds of respondents say they'll ultimately decide by themselves on when — and where — they move. However, another 36% will do so with their spouse or partner.
More than a third of Americans say the pandemic completely changed what they're looking for in a home, as well as where they'd like to live. These sentiments are most common among hybrid and remote workers.
Two alternatives to moving for new features or lower costs: 72% of homeowners are considering renovations or upgrades to their home in 2022, and 37% might apply for a home refinance.
Nearly 4 in 10 (39%) Americans are thinking about moving elsewhere in the U.S. in 2022. Breaking down that group further:
21% are thinking about moving within their current city
11% are considering going elsewhere in their state
8% are contemplating moving to another state
For those planning a move, finding a new place in the same city is the No. 1 choice for both men (25%) and women (17%). Meanwhile, according to LendingTree senior economic analyst Jacob Channel, consumers moving further will likely head to warmer weather states like Texas or Florida.
RELATED: The states homeowners have moved to — and stayed in — during the COVID-19 pandemic
Here are other breakdowns by key demographics on whether people are thinking about moving in 2022:
By gender, moving is on the minds of a higher percentage of men (44%) than women (34%). The biggest difference driving these thoughts is finding a new job, as more men than women (18% and 8%, respectively) are contemplating packing up and heading out for this reason.
Zooming out, consumers thinking about moving cite their small homes as the No. 1 reason they're looking to go elsewhere, followed by fulfilling their dreams of homeownership and paying too much for their current house. Here's a fuller look:
The features of a home can also impact whether Americans change their living situations. For example, pet-friendly living quarters are a must-have for both women and men, though at a lower percentage for the latter (59% versus 50%) — meanwhile, more men emphasize office space (27%) than women (22%).
Must-haves also vary widely across age groups:
Gen Zers (58%) and Gen Xers (55%) rank a happy home for pets as their top must-have, while millennials prioritize outdoor space (54%) and baby boomers covet covered parking (51%).
Millennials require a good school district (52%) more than other generations.
Inside the house, a large kitchen ranks highest for millennials (47%) and baby boomers (42%).
Here's a closer look at the overall must-haves:
Amid rising housing prices, nearly 4 in 10 Americans expect to sacrifice more cash to change their living situation, including 38% of men and 36% of women. (This comes at the same time that nearly 70% of Americans are making sacrifices to afford housing costs.)
Those looking to move may find more homes available in 2022.
"Housing supply is expected to increase, putting downward pressure on home and rent growth while giving people a greater selection of housing to choose from," Channel says.
Among those thinking about moving, 46% plan to own and 39% plan to rent (another 15% are unsure).
By generation, baby boomers (51%) and millennials (49%) make up the largest share of those who plan to own, while more Gen Zers are opting to remain tenants (50%) than any other age group.
The decision to rent or buy will depend on your current financial condition — notably, higher-income earners are more likely to move to a new home than rent:
When you move to your new home, will you rent or own?
Income Plan to buy a home Plan to rent a home
Less than $35,000 20% 60%
$35,000 to $49,999 36% 45%
$100,000 or more 79% 17%
NOTE: The rest of the respondents in each income bracket responded they weren't sure.
According to Channel, if you find yourself strapped for cash, renting might be a better option. But, he adds, if you're not struggling to make ends meet and are investing for the long haul, buying might be the way to go.
But who's in charge of these big decisions? Millennials (68%) and Gen Xers (63%) often fly solo when deciding whether to move or where to live. When making housing decisions as a team, Gen Zers (42%) and baby boomers (42%) are likely to chat with their spouses before finalizing their plans.
How pandemic has changed how Americans search for homes
The pandemic has also impacted what people are looking for in a home (36%) — including 51% of Gen Zers and 49% of millenials — and where they want to live (34%).
But the ongoing public health crisis may also affect consumers' moving decisions.
"Some might continue to postpone moving because they're still not comfortable going out and seeing new homes," Channel says.
However, he also notes that others may benefit from home price growth that resulted from the pandemic and sell their homes, using the profit to move elsewhere.
More than 7 in 10 homeowners across the U.S. have renovation plans in 2022.
The choice of whether to sell or just renovate often depends on how much you like where you live now. If you love your home and neighborhood and don't want or need a complete overhaul, renovating might be a good bet — especially if you can qualify for a home equity loan to cover renovation expenses, Channel says.
About half of homeowners planning upgrades plan to use their savings to pay for them — in particular, Midwesterners (59%) are the most likely to let their bank account take a hit to spruce up their abode.
Other payment options for renovations include:
Cash (38%)
Credit cards (34%)
Home equity line of credit (HELOC) (10%)
Personal loan (10%)
Home equity loan (6%)
Cash-out refinance (4%)
Other (4%)
However, despite predictions for higher mortgage rates in 2022, homeowners may still benefit from refinancing. More than a quarter (27%) of hybrid workers and nearly as many remote workers (25%) definitely plan to apply for a home refinance. Plus, 23% of parents with children younger than 18 expect to apply, too.
"If — like many Americans — you've seen the value of your home significantly increase and you've built a lot of equity as a result, then a cash-out refinance could be something to consider in 2022," Channel says.
LendingTree commissioned Qualtrics to conduct an online survey of 2,100 U.S. consumers from Dec. 9-13, 2021. The survey was administered using a nonprobability-based sample, and quotas were used to ensure the sample base represented the overall population. All responses were reviewed by researchers for quality control.
We defined generations as the following ages in 2021:
Generation Z: 18 to 24
Millennial: 25 to 40
Generation X: 41 to 55
Baby boomer: 56 to 75
While the survey also included consumers from the silent generation (those 76 and older), the sample size was too small to include findings related to that group in the generational breakdowns.
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Americans may be on the move in 2022, seeking more space to accommodate the realities of remote work as the pandemic continues into another year.
About LendingTree
LendingTree, LLC is a Marketing Lead Generator and is a Duly Licensed Mortgage Broker, as required by law, with its main office located at 1415 Vantage Park Drive, Suite 700, Charlotte, NC 28203, Telephone Number 866-501-2397 (TDD/TTY). NMLS Unique Identifier #1136. LendingTree, LLC is known as LT Technologies in lieu of true name LendingTree, LLC in NY. LendingTree technology and processes are patented under U.S. Patent Nos. 6,385,594 and 6,611,816 and licensed under U.S. Patent Nos. 5,995,947 and 5,758,328. © 2016 LendingTree, LLC. All Rights Reserved. This site is directed at, and made available to, persons in the continental U.S., Alaska and Hawaii only.
Online Security: Protect Against Fraud


Home Local Yet another warning!
us of the glorious Howardland years.
upon one spot of their victim's body.
run on a noxious Satanic autopilot.
and the daily torture of the commonplace.
cacodaemoniacal ghastliness, and so they should.
the foundation stone of good government.
secrets of the worlds of dead things.


Movie celebrations. Everyone knows of these. Each and every cinephile retains upward together as well as at some time goals associated with going to among the larger types. Movie celebrations provide all of us film enthusiasts the very first contact with the films which will dominate the theaters within the arriving 12 months. The larger movie celebrations tend to be in order to films exactly what E3 as well as TGS as well as this kind of tend to be in order to game titles. They are the actual occasions how the down and dirty enthusiasts impatiently watch for each year to find the very first peek from what's going to certainly function as the arriving year's greatest films. In addition, movie celebrations provides impartial filmmakers an opportunity to achieve the broader target audience. Permitting the actual artwork associated with movie theater in order to increase and also the filmmaker's function to become valued. That said, listed here are exactly what Personally i think to become the very best 3 movie celebrations in the usa.
1. Sundance Movie Event Sundance. This is actually the elite event with regard to impartial movies. This is actually the large young man that filmmakers attempt to obtain function in to. Sundance, started within 1978, may be the greatest display there's with regard to impartial movies. As a result, most of the higher filmmakers obtained their own large split through premiering from Sundance. A few of these company directors consist of Quentin Tarantino, Darren Aronofsky, Kevin Cruz, John Anderson and much more. Similarly, the actual event premieres impartial films each year getting these phones the broader target audience, and it has led to getting a few of the greatest impartial movies in order to moviegoers attentions. Movies for example Sales person, Noticed, Tank Canines, Valuable, Celestial satellite, Small Skip Sunlight and also the checklist continues as well as upon. The actual event is continuing to grow in order to large amounts, getting some thing of the Artist extravaganza. Regardless of this, the actual Event nevertheless will it is component in order to focus on as well as assist scaled-down filmmakers each year. Basically experienced however 1 movie event I possibly could actually go to, Sundance will be that certain. two. Tribeca Movie Event Tribeca had been started through Robert De Niro, Her Rosenthal as well as Craig Hatkoff within 2002. This particular event had been started honoring the actual 9/11 episodes. In spite of becoming among the most youthful celebrations, Tribeca offers were able to quickly increase within reputation, getting probably the most notable movie celebrations on the planet. Because of the enormous achievement from the joyful, Tribeca is becoming an essential display as well as excellent chance of impartial filmmakers to create a title with regard to on their own. The actual choices from Tribeca vary from impartial function movies in order to documentaries in order to brief movies, in order to actually loved ones movies. Within it's small amount of time, Tribeca was already the location exactly where this kind of movies because Shrek Permanently Following, Freakonomics and obtain Reduced. Getting created this effect on the such very little time, Tribeca is certainly among the large kids and something to take into consideration much more later on. 3. Telluride Movie FestivalTelluride were only available in 1974. There is kind of the guideline concerning the event which states films should elite within The united states in order to qualify for distribution for this event. As a result, these people display numerous brand new movies from Telluride. This particular leads to numerous movies obtaining their own elite from Telluride. The actual event offers opened this kind of films because Roger as well as Me personally, El Mariachi, Brokeback Hill, The actual Sobbing Online game and much more. This season viewers actually obtained the shock elite associated with 127 Several hours starring Wayne Franco as well as aimed through Danny Boyle. It's been reasons with regard to filmmakers to create a title with regard to on their own and become a rest away stage with regard to these types of filmmakers. Telluride can also be popular as well as recognized because of its wholesomeness. Therefore, which makes it one of the most highly regarded celebrations to be some of those therefore focused on the actual artwork associated with movie theater.
Ethical Brings up: *New You are able to Movie Event — This particular event is famous to be therefore picky. Testing much couple of films compared to the majority of celebrations, it is regarded as a good recognition in order to actually end up being chosen. This states a great deal whenever simply becoming the main event is recognized as a good honor by itself. *Seattle Worldwide Movie Event — This particular is among the greatest celebrations in the usa as well as among the best. The actual SIFF sometimes appears much more like a event for that target audience rather than event with regard to filmmakers and also the business. These people have a tendency to pay attention to getting excellent films in order to viewers as well as providing enthusiasts great movie-going encounters as opposed to the main concentrate of creating this the display with regard to filmmakers in order to critics.
Ever since Michael Wittman was killed during world war II the question has been rasied on who actually did kill Wittman also known as The Black baron.
, he managed to destroy 138 allied tanks, before he himself where destroyed. Wittman even had a very good reputation when he destoryed 14 allied tanks, 15 armored divisions and two anti tank guns in just 15 minutes.
There are several troups that could have been the ones that killed Wittman and blew his tank in pieces.
But history shows to reserarchers that only Joe Ekins could have been the one that could have inflicted the kind of injuries that where found on the German Tiger tanks.
Joe Enkins is still alive and is today 86 years.
Can we take a bath?
Would you be so kind to turn on the water so we can take a bath?


text:
Biography – AUBERT, THOMAS – Volume I (1000-1700) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography
First Paragraph
DCB/DBC News
Updated Biographies
Biography of the Day
b. 17 July 1835 in Walls, Scotland
Responsible Government
Sir John A. Macdonald
From the Red River Settlement to Manitoba (1812–70)
The Fenians
Women in the DCB/DBC
Winning the Right to Vote
The Charlottetown and Quebec Conferences of 1864
Introductory Essays of the DCB/DBC
The Acadians
Exploring the Explorers
The War of 1812
Canada's Wartime Prime Ministers
AUBERT, THOMAS, sailor from Dieppe, one of the first French navigators to visit American shores after the Breton fishermen, who arrived there as early as 1504.
Aubert must have come to America shortly after 1504, since in 1508 Jean Ango, senior, the great Dieppe shipowner, gave him the command of La Pensée for a fishing and reconnoitring voyage in the New World. From that trip Capt. Aubert brought back the first American Indians ever to come to France, and they caused a great stir at Rouen with their costumes, arms, and canoes. It is he who pointed out to the Normandy fishermen the fishing banks of Bonavista. According to some historians, Verrazzano may have taken part in the voyage of 1508.
Gustave Lanctot
Eusebii Caesariensis episcopi chronicon, éd. Henry Estienne (Paris, 1512). JR (Thwaites), III, 21–283. Ramusio, Terzo volume delle navigationi et viaggi (1st ed. Venetia, 1556), tr. in Hakluyt, Divers voyages (1850). Bréard, Documents relatifs à la marine normande. É.-H. Gosselin, Nouvelles glanes historiques normandes. Harrisse, Jean et Sébastien Cabot. Hoffman, Cabot to Cartier.
General Bibliography
© 1966–2019 University of Toronto/Université Laval
Revised 1979
VERRAZZANO, GIOVANNI DA (Vol. 1)
VERRAZZANO, GIOVANNI DA
Gustave Lanctot, "AUBERT, THOMAS," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed July 17, 2019, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/aubert_thomas_1E.html.
The citation above shows the format for footnotes and endnotes according to the Chicago manual of style (16th edition). Information to be used in other citation formats:
Permalink: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/aubert_thomas_1E.html
Author of Article: Gustave Lanctot
Title of Article: AUBERT, THOMAS
Publication Name: Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1
Publisher: University of Toronto/Université Laval
Year of revision: 1979
Access Date: July 17, 2019
© 2003-2019 University of Toronto/Université Laval
Suggest corrections or additions


text:
Fujima Kansuma
(b.1918) Japanese kabuki dancer
Dancing in Japan as an American, in the US as Japanese Neighbor took care of hotel business during the World War II Different learning style in Japan and the United States Both Japanese and American identities though Japanese dance Being a man through Kabuki Hardship to be a Kabuki dancer as a woman Do my best as a professional dancer
Transcripts available in the following languages:
Madame Fujima Kansuma was born Sumako Hamaguchi in San Francisco, California. At the age of nine, she began to study kabuki in Los Angeles and attended exchange programs in Hawai`i. Instead of returning to Los Angeles, she moved to Japan to learn kabuki from the legendary master, Onoe Kikugoro VI. Later master Kikugoro introduced Madame Kansuma to his teacher, Fujima Kanjuro from whom she learned the basic Fujima style. She learned not only Japanese dance but also learned how to play the shamisen, tsuzumi, acting, and make-up. Madame Kansuma earned her natori (master's licence with stage name), Fujima Kansuma, in 1938. She then returned to the United States and opened a dance studio at the Los Angeles hotel owned by her father.
During World War II, Madame Kansuma and her family were incarcerated at Rohwer, Arkansas. After some time, the government authorities allowed Madame Kansuma to travel to other camps to perform and teach Japanese dance. After the war, she returned to Los Angeles and resumed teaching and performances. Throughout her career, Madame Kansuma has taught more than 2,000 students. Forty-three of her students have achieved natori status.
In 1985, the Government of Japan awarded Madame Kansuma the Order of the Precious Crown, Apricot. The National Endowment also deemed her a National Heritage Fellow for the Arts in 1987. In 2004, she was given the Japanese American National Museum's Cultural Ambassador Award. (November 30, 2004)
arts dance discrimination identity hotel incarceration internment World War II gender kabuki koyasan
Appreciating Kinnara Taiko's approach to taiko
Mas Kodani
Father lost everything during World War II
Mitsuru "Mits" Kataoka
Embraces his Japanese heritage
Jero (Jerome Charles White Jr.)
His experiences in Chicago after WWII
Paul Terasaki
A strong Japanese identity (Japanese)
Hiroshi Sakane
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text:
_Andy_
For Will & Ollie & the dream of a better world

_Sofie_
For my parents
Text copyright © 2019 by Andy Warner.
Illustrations copyright © 2019 by Sofie Louise Dam.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data available.

ISBN: 978-1-4521-7027-5 (epub, mobi)
ISBN: 978-1-4521-7018-3 (paperback)

Manufactured in China.

Artwork and design by Sofie Louise Dam.

Chronicle Books LLC
680 Second Street
San Francisco, California 94107
www.chroniclebooks.com

  **Intentional Communities**

Groups of people who choose to radically remake their social structures.

  **Micronations**

Brief histories of the tiny, unrecognized nations of the world.

  **Failed Utopias**

The bigger the experiment, the harder it falls.

  **Visionary Environments**

Stories of wonderful and bizarre places where individuals make their visions reality.

  **Strange Dreams**

Proposals, plans, and schemes, never brought to pass.

**Introduction **

**Intentional Communities **

  Libertatia

  The Van Dykes

  Freetown Christiania

  Auroville

  Oyotunji African Village

  Temples of Humankind

**Micronations **

  New Atlantis

  Sealand

  Rose Island

  Principality of Hutt River

  Operation Atlantis

  North Dumpling Island

  Ladonia

  Liberland

  Gay and Lesbian Kingdom of the Coral Sea Islands

**Failed Utopias **

  Palmanova

  Oneida

  Tama-Re

  Fordlandia

**Visionary Environments **

  Thunder Mountain Monument

  Yelang Valley

  Arizona Mystery Castle

  Gereja Ayam or The Chicken Church

  Freedom Cove

  Xieng Khuan and Sala Keoku

  Ra Paulette's Caves

  Nek Chand's Rock Garden

**Strange Dreams **

  Metropolis

  Seasteading

  Bir Tawil

**About the Authors **

  Libertatia

  The Van Dykes

  Freetown Christiania

  Auroville

  Oyotunji African Village

  Temples of Humankind

# Libertatia

# The Van Dykes

# Freetown Christiania

# Auroville

# Oyotunji African Village

# Temples of Humankind

  New Atlantis

  Sealand

  Rose Island

  Principality of Hutt River

  Operation Atlantis

  North Dumpling Island

  Ladonia

  Liberland

  Gay and Lesbian Kingdom of the Coral Sea Islands

# New Atlantis

# Sealand

# Rose Island

# Principality of Hutt River

# Operation Atlantis

# North Dumpling Island

# Ladonia

# Liberland

# Gay and Lesbian Kingdom of the Coral Sea Islands

  Palmanova

  Oneida

  Tama-Re

  Fordlandia

# Palmanova

# Oneida

# Tama-Re

# Fordlandia

  Thunder Mountain Monument

  Yelang Valley

  Arizona Mystery Castle

  Gereja Ayam or The Chicken Church

  Freedom Cove

  Xieng Khuan and Sala Keoku

  Ra Paulette's Caves

  Nek Chand's Rock Garden

# Thunder Mountain Monument

# Yelang Valley

# Arizona Mystery Castle

# Gereja Ayam or The Chicken Church

# Freedom Cove

# Xieng Khuan and Sala Keoku

# Ra Paulette's Caves

# Nek Chand's Rock Garden

  Metropolis

  Seasteading

  Bir Tawil

# Metropolis

# Seasteading

# Bir Tawil

**Andy Warner** is the author of the _New York Times_ bestselling _Brief Histories of Everyday Objects_. He is a contributing editor at _The Nib_ , and his comics have been published by _Slate_ , _Fusion_ , American Public Media, the United Nations, and _BuzzFeed_. He teaches cartooning at Stanford University and The Animation Workshop in Denmark, works from his dining table in Berkeley, California, and comes from the sea.

**Sofie Louise Dam** is a cartoonist and illustrator from Denmark. She earned a BA in Graphic Storytelling from The Animation Workshop in 2017 and her comics have been published by The _Nib_ , _Illustoria_ , and _Dagbladet Politiken_. She lives and works in Copenhagen.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaBook