text:
Business and Professions Code - BPC
DIVISION 2. HEALING ARTS [500 - 4999.129]
( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 399. )
CHAPTER 5.7. Physical Therapy [2600 - 2696]
ARTICLE 9. Fiscal Administration [2680 - 2689]
( Heading of Article 9 renumbered from Article 7 by Stats. 2013, Ch. 389, Sec. 74. )
The board shall keep a record of its proceedings under this chapter, and a register of all persons licensed under it. The register shall show the name of every living licensee, his or her last known place of residence, and the date and number of his or her license as a physical therapist. The board shall compile a list of physical therapists authorized to practice physical therapy in the state. Any interested person is entitled to obtain a copy of that list upon application to the board and payment of such amount as may be fixed by the board which amount shall not exceed the cost of the list so furnished.
(Amended by Stats. 1996, Ch. 829, Sec. 61. Effective January 1, 1997.)
Within 10 days after the beginning of each calendar month the board shall report to the State Controller the amount and source of all collections made from persons licensed or seeking to be licensed under this chapter and at the same time pay all such sums into the State Treasury, where they shall be credited to the Physical Therapy Fund.
(Added by renumbering Section 2693 by Stats. 1968, Ch. 1284.)
There is in the State Treasury the Physical Therapy Fund. All collections from persons licensed or seeking to be licensed shall be paid by the board into the Physical Therapy Fund after reporting to the Controller at the beginning of each month the amount and source of the collections. All money in the Physical Therapy Fund shall be available, upon appropriation by the Legislature, for the exclusive purpose of executing this chapter.
All fees earned by the board and all fines and forfeitures of bail to which the board is entitled shall be reported at the beginning of each month, for the month preceding, to the State Controller. At the same time, the entire amount of these collections shall be paid into the State Treasury and shall be credited to the Physical Therapy Fund.
This fund shall be for the use of the board to pay all salaries and all other expenses necessarily incurred in carrying into effect the provisions of this chapter.
(Amended by Stats. 2005, Ch. 74, Sec. 7. Effective July 19, 2005.)
The amount of fees assessed in connection with licenses issued under this chapter is as follows:
(a) (1) The fee for an application for licensure as a physical therapist submitted to the board prior to March 1, 2009, shall be seventy-five dollars ($75). The fee for an application submitted under Section 2653 to the board prior to March 1, 2009, shall be one hundred twenty-five dollars ($125).
(2) The fee for an application for licensure as a physical therapist submitted to the board on or after March 1, 2009, shall be one hundred twenty-five dollars ($125). The fee for an application submitted under Section 2653 to the board on or after March 1, 2009, shall be two hundred dollars ($200).
(3) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), the board may decrease or increase the amount of an application fee under this subdivision, but in no event shall the application fee amount exceed three hundred dollars ($300).
(b) The examination and reexamination fees for the physical therapist examination, physical therapist assistant examination, and the examination to demonstrate knowledge of the California rules and regulations related to the practice of physical therapy shall be the actual cost to the board of the development and writing of, or purchase of the examination, and grading of each written examination, plus the actual cost of administering each examination. The board, at its discretion, may require the licensure applicant to pay the fee for the examinations required by Section 2636 directly to the organization conducting the examination.
(c) (1) The fee for a physical therapist license issued prior to March 1, 2009, shall be seventy-five dollars ($75).
(2) The fee for a physical therapist license issued on or after March 1, 2009, shall be one hundred dollars ($100).
(3) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), the board may decrease or increase the amount of the fee under this subdivision, but in no event shall the fee to issue the license exceed one hundred fifty dollars ($150).
(d) (1) The fee to renew a physical therapist license that expires prior to April 1, 2009, shall be one hundred fifty dollars ($150).
(2) The fee to renew a physical therapist license that expires on or after April 1, 2009, shall be two hundred dollars ($200).
(3) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), the board may decrease or increase the amount of the renewal fee under this subdivision, but in no event shall the renewal fee amount exceed three hundred dollars ($300).
(e) (1) The fee for application and for issuance of a physical therapist assistant license shall be seventy-five dollars ($75) for an application submitted to the board prior to March 1, 2009.
(2) The fee for application and for issuance of a physical therapist assistant license shall be one hundred twenty-five dollars ($125) for an application submitted to the board on or after March 1, 2009. The fee for an application submitted under Section 2653 to the board on or after March 1, 2009, shall be two hundred dollars ($200).
(3) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), the board may decrease or increase the amount of the fee under this subdivision, but in no event shall the application fee amount exceed three hundred dollars ($300).
(f) (1) The fee to renew a physical therapist assistant license that expires prior to April 1, 2009, shall be one hundred fifty dollars ($150).
(2) The fee to renew a physical therapist assistant license that expires on or after April 1, 2009, shall be two hundred dollars ($200).
(g) Notwithstanding Section 163.5, the delinquency fee shall be 50 percent of the renewal fee in effect.
(h) (1) The duplicate wall certificate fee shall be fifty dollars ($50). The duplicate renewal receipt fee amount shall be fifty dollars ($50).
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the board may decrease or increase the amount of the fee under this subdivision to an amount that does not exceed the cost of issuing duplicates, but in no event shall that fee exceed one hundred dollars ($100).
(i) (1) The endorsement or letter of good standing fee shall be sixty dollars ($60).
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the board may decrease or increase the amount of the fee under this subdivision to an amount that does not exceed the cost of issuing an endorsement or letter, but in no event shall the fee amount exceed one hundred dollars ($100).
(a) The board may establish by regulation suitable application and renewal fees of not more than two hundred dollars ($200), for persons certified to perform electromyographical testing pursuant to Section 2620.5, based upon the cost of operating the certification program. The application fee shall be paid by the applicant at the time the application is filed and the renewal fee shall be paid as provided in Section 2644.
(b) The board shall charge an examination and reexamination fee of five hundred dollars ($500) to applicants who are examined and who have been found to otherwise meet the board's standards for certification.
BPCBusiness and Professions Code - BPC9


text:
Q: Android : caching object which downloaded from server I want to ask how to cache object from server respone like image,  so it can be stored in memory phone or sdcard  , so it can be shared with other activity in next access to the same URL , so it don't need download from the server again.
thanks.

A: You mean how can you store an Object persistently?
That has already been asked several times:
Android internal storage
What are the differences among Internal storage, external storage, sd card and removable storage?
How can I store and retrieve preferences in Android?
If you ask more specific questions we can provide more specific answers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Network Resilience
NetOps Automation
Remote Site /Edge Management
SD-WAN Deployment
Lab Environments
Lighthouse Software
OM1200 Operations Manager
IM7200 Infrastructure Manager
ACM7000-L Resilience Gateway
CM7100 Console Server
ACM7000 Remote Site Gateway
Regulatory Info
Knowledge Base (Zendesk)
Failover To Cellular
Network RQ
DIGI.COM
SECURE REMOTE MANAGEMENT OF YOUR CRITICAL NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE
Remote Site / Edge Management
Increasing Demand At The Edge
A shift is occurring at the edge, with enterprises prioritizing network infrastructure at remote sites. As IoT deployments increase, organizations are becoming more reliant upon data generated outside of the traditional data center.
To meet constantly growing demands, organizations are adding more critical applications at the edge with market growth expected to reach $9 billion by 2024. As this occurs, enterprises must be able to match the resilience, scalability, and high-availability found in the data center with a smart solution.
To learn more about evolving needs at the edge, download our white paper!
Network Resilience At Remote Sites
Smart Out-of-Band (Smart OOB™) paired with Failover to Cellular™ enables enterprises to ensure resilient backup connectivity to remote networks. Providing access to infrastructure during disruptions, organizations are able to ensure business continuity and uptime for critical applications.
Smart Out-of-Band adds intelligence to the edge, allowing enterprises to manage infrastructure at multiple sites. Designed to exceed the needs of IT and IoT resilience, it enables advanced capabilities for automatic responses for identification and remediation at the network edge.
Failover to Cellular ensures uninterrupted availability for remote networks with 4G LTE. Built on robust IP Passthrough technology, it is easily integrated into existing installs or can be rapidly deployed for instant-on connectivity for new networks and branch locations.
Lighthouse Enterprise serves as a central hub for remote sites, providing a clear view across the network. By reducing human error and guaranteeing repeatability, organizations reduce the chance of small network events becoming large scale disruptions.
Watch our video to learn more about Smart Out-of-Band.
Ensuring Fully Reliable Connectivity
Smart Out-of-Band and Failover to Cellular enable organizations to remotely remediate issues without interrupting business operations when the primary network is down.
Opengear worked with ePlus, a leading global provider of integrated technology services and solutions to ensure reliable connectivity at its remote sites. Opengear solutions have been deployed at its branch offices in the US for remote access, maintenance, and proactive monitoring.
Read our case study to learn how ePlus ensures uptime with Opengear.
Evolving Data Center Demands
Data center environments continue to evolve, with their role and composition having changed significantly over the past two decades. From hyperscale data centers to colocations, whatever type of facility it is, enterprises expect speed, performance and efficiency.
The increase of new technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) are a major driver of growth in the data center market. The US Data Center market is projected to reach revenues of more than $60 billion by 2024, the high demand for facilities, now more than ever, require a smart solution for monitoring data center equipment.
Always On Connectivity, From Anywhere
Smart Out-of-Band by Opengear raises infrastructure management to a new level. Extending beyond traditional out-of-band management solutions, it ensures efficient, secure access to data center infrastructure.
Streamlining remote management of network infrastructure, Smart Out-of-Band provides an alternative path to devices when the primary network is down. Automated intelligence ensures uptime for critical applications by enabling remote monitoring and control of the environment. Proactive identification allows enterprises to quickly remediate issues to ensure business continuity and minimize downtime costs.
Read our white paper to learn more about the benefits of Opengear smart solutions.
Keeping Data Centers Undefeated By Downtime
Smart Out-of-Band allows organizations across the globe to ensure resilient backup connectivity across devices in distributed data centers. Opengear's console servers and infrastructure management solutions ensure network resilience to enable business continuity.
Opengear worked with i3D.Net, a leading provider of high-performance hosting and global infrastructure services, to help maintain its global operation. Requiring the network to be constantly up and running, they deployed Opengear solutions to ensure resilience to its routers all across the world.
Watch our video to learn how i3D.net experiences maximum uptime with Opengear.
Keeping the Network Running, All the Time
Network resilience is the ability to provide and maintain an acceptable level of service in the face of faults that challenge normal operations. More than just improving uptime or building in redundancy, network resilience adds a layer of intelligence to the backbone of an enterprise – the IT infrastructure.
In an independent survey of IT Leaders, 49% said that Network Resilience was their #1 Priority.
To ensure maximum uptime, enterprises need a comprehensive solution designed to provide the highest levels of business continuity through proactive monitoring and remediation.
Learn more about ensuring network resilience for your enterprise, download our white paper now.
Redundant Isn't Resilient
Redundancy is an important part of the puzzle, and the reliability of a data center relies heavily on back-up generators, on-hand replacement hardware and secondary network connections. But while redundancy is a part of the resilience solution, it is not the only consideration. In smaller locations and satellite offices, it's not cost effective to build in redundancy. And with no technical staff on site, the ability to monitor, manage and remediate the IT infrastructure remotely is a significant addition to a resilient solution.
Smart Out-of-Band management allows the network engineering team to securely access critical devices from a central location, to anticipate and remediate issues without sending a tech to site.
Discover the networking issues that are keeping senior IT decision-makers awake at night. Read the independent research commissioned by Opengear.
The New Network Resilience Platform
The Opengear Network Resilience Platform is based on the presence and proximity of a NetOps or Smart OOB Console Server at every IT location, centrally orchestrated through the Lighthouse management software.
The Network Resilience Platform provides secure remote access to your critical network devices through a separate management plane, with the ability to automate NetOps processes, such as securely deploying and provisioning equipment, and to access Remote IP devices at any edge location.
This platform is the Network Engineer's Network. Secure remote access, via physical hardware at each location, providing an always-available independent network open only to the core network team; to be used on Day One, for everyday management, and during production network events.
Opengear's Smart Out-of-Band technology, plus the use of open architecture NetOps automation tools (Docker support, Python runtime environment), provides secure access to console ports while also creating a robust management plane.
Schedule a Demo to learn more about our Network Resilience Platform
Download our product brochure:
The Network Resilience Platform
Enable always-on availability
Case Study: Failover to Cellular enables furniture retailer to ensure business continuity
Opengear Failover to Cellular™ (F2C) provides continued internet connectivity for remote LANs and equipment over high-speed 4G LTE or 3G networks when the primary link is unavailable. Ensuring speed to keep the network running smoothly and link diversity for true WAN resilience, Failover to Cellular is built on robust IP Passthrough technology. This allows for easy integration into existing installs or can be rapidly deployed for instant-on connectivity for new networks and branch locations.
This feature is useful for an SD-WAN deployment. SD-WAN enables organizations to reduce costs and maintain secure network connections, however the high bandwidth internet connections, routers and constant firmware updates associated with this can introduce a single point of failure. If the network goes down during a deployment, Smart OOB™ and Failover to Cellular ensures secondary access to the routers to easily reflash or power cycle. NetOps staff are able to remotely get the network backup and running without an onsite visit.
Increase resilience and remediation
Failover to Cellular allows organizations to maintain connectivity and decrease disruption with ensured business continuity. Easily integrating with existing IT systems and network infrastructure, F2C restores WAN connectivity without manual intervention. Utilized with Smart Out-of-Band (Smart OOB), which is built into all Opengear devices, organizations are able to have remote access even when WAN and LAN networks are down. During an outage, in order to remediate the problem as quickly as possible, network engineers must have visibility of the whole network. Smart OOB provides engineers with full visibility to maximize uptime and reduce outages.
Remediate issues remotely
Distributed enterprises often times may experience disruption events that effect the primary network connection. Failover to Cellular built-in to Opengear devices, automatically activate a secondary connection to re-establish in and outbound network access. Once failover is enabled, Opengear devices are able to detect failures sending ICMP ping requests from the primary network interface to a primary and secondary probe address remotely. If these requests fail – the primary connection has been deemed as having also failed. When the primary connection has been restored, the devices automatically fail forward and resumes normal operation.
Simple Management for Complex Lab Networks
Network labs require always on connectivity, whether supporting device testing before shipment, validating firmware upgrades or developing new hardware. Housing equipment and software from a wide range of vendors along with a growing number of IoT devices, Smart Out-of-Band management provides an ease of configurability and automation for even the most complex network lab.
To ensure that customers receive fully functioning products, extensive testing is completed before shipment. Unrealistic for one operator to efficiently run these Devices Under Test through the QA process, advanced features of Opengear console servers remediates this issue ensuring speed and high reliability for always on access. Allowing up to 96 devices to be connected at once, programming enables it to simulate operator input through a series of standard tests. Alerts, pass/fails and input/outputs are available to the QA team for final verification. Cascading allows multiple Opengear console servers to be clustered with one unit acting as the master to thousands of serial ports. These lab networks can then test large batches of devices with minimal operator intervention which enables efficient, high density testing and leads to significant cost savings.
Remote testers can:
Recover from error conditions
Power cycle a locked up device
Reboot and reconfigure different versions of software
Firmware Validation
One of the most common applications for network labs is validating firmware upgrades and regression testing on various versions of operating systems. In these cases, any action or output must be logged and available for analysis – console errors, results, edge cases, random re-boots, last gasp trace and more. Opengear console servers support multiple versions of firmware with large embedded memory. There is also support for power cycling frozen test devices with preconfigured alerts while all actions and outputs are logged for analysis.
Connect to a wide range of devices with:
Provisioning New Lab Networks
Zero Touch Provisioning allows lab network engineers to set up new devices with automation to enable quick deployment and configuration in new, multi-vendor environments. Paired with Smart Out-of-Band engineers are able to manage and monitor remote equipment. High port densities allow for a wide variety of configurations while multiple firmware updates are enabled with embedded memory.
SD-WAN and Out-Of-Band
Creating Smarter Networks
SD-WAN provides organizations with secure network connections at a lower cost. Creating more agile Wide Area Networks (WANs) that are able to support the increasingly sophisticated distribution of network devices across multiple sites, the wide range of SD-WAN benefits have made it the standard in enterprise deployments.
These benefits include:
Secure connection of standard broadband via a dynamic VPN tunnel
Increased flexibility of new networks
Reduced costs using commodity hardware
Quick deployment of new networks
To provide these benefits however, the local routers in SD-WAN deployments have become more sophisticated which can pose challenges to traditional network management which expects constant network connectivity.
To learn more about smart solutions necessary for SD-WAN deployments, download our white paper today!
Understanding Potential SD-WAN Interrupters
The new flexibility enabled by SD-WAN brings with it a heightened need for remote engineers to manage on-site devices. The sophistication of the SD-WAN hardware introduces points of failure which without the proper solutions in place, become large scale disruptions.
These points of failure include:
Updates: Every time a firmware update is executed, there is a risk of a misconfiguration or error which can bring down the router.
Security: SD-WAN needs additional security offerings to protect the enterprise. The primary SD-WAN connection must be secure, and must be added to any other security solution being deployed.
Read our SD-WAN Solutions Overview Sheet to learn more about possible points of failure.
Ensuring Network Resilience with SD-WAN
SD-WAN is not a standalone solution. During the initial rollout or migration from the previous WAN, an organization's network can be left unstable with frequent updates and glitches. Although there are many benefits to SD-WAN deployments, single points of failure can result with potential downtime. Smart Out-of-Band supports SD-WAN deployments, allowing engineers to access the network at all times.
Smart Out-of-Band is separate to the production network, providing engineers the ability to remotely monitor and manage all remote devices so that a disruption won't affect the primary operation. Ensuring continuity and uptime using automated intelligence, Smart Out-of-Band paired with Failover to Cellular™ enables network resilience by providing always on access. Lighthouse Enterprise provides full network visibility to diagnose and remediate the issue if disruption occurs.
Learn more about the benefits of Smart Out-of-Band from Opengear for your next SD-WAN deployment!
NetOps for your Network
DevOps tools are increasingly applied to networking, creating a NetOps approach to building and maintaining a reliable infrastructure to support the virtualized world – a network that is both available and agile. One approach to introducing NetOps into an enterprise is to layer it into an existing solution, adding functionality and flexibility to a familiar component of your infrastructure.
A Smart Out-of-Band management network already provides presence and proximity to your critical devices, and so is well-placed to bring NetOps automation to your network. The ability to run standard NetOps tools, such as Docker, Ansible, and Python on a console server provides a new way to automate your operations at centralized and remote locations.
The "Mars Lander" Solution
Most of us aren't trying to land a module on the red planet. But when you deploy to a new location, you are often sending equipment to a "hostile" environment – untrusted, unmanned and with no connectivity. Imagine if you could send a secure NetOps Console Server to that location to manage your Day-one deployment, with an embedded TPM chip to ensure protection of the configuration files and prevent tampering.
When the appliance "lands" at the remote site, it calls home over a secure LTE connection and enables the deployment process to be managed via a centralized management software. Up-to-date configuration and image files are pulled in, and standard Docker containers and Python runtime environment allow a range of automation procedures to run directly on that appliance. A simple, secure, reliable solution to Day-one deployments.
NEW NetOps Console Servers
That solution now exists, in the new Opengear NetOps Console Servers – Network Management appliances that combine the capabilities of a SmartOOB Console Server with the flexibility of NetOps Automation. They feature an x86 CPU to power automation tools, and a TMP2.0 chip for embedded security.
The compact OM1200 appliance is designed specifically for secure edge deployments, used in combination with Lighthouse Management Software, while the OM2200 appliance is configured for data centers and high density locations.
Integrated into Opengear's Network Resilience Platform, they provide a separate, secure management plane which supports emerging requirements in Network Management and Automation.
Resilience for Your Network
Out-of-Band management's primary application is to provide secure, remote access to your critical devices even when the primary network is down. It offers presence and proximity to your distributed network, with a console server at every location, physically connected to routers, switches and key hardware. The addition of 4G-LTE provides a secure alternative access path, and Failover to CellularTM provides enough bandwidth for critical processes to continue to operate during an outage. When the network goes down, Out-of-Band keeps you running.
For Day One, Every Day, and When the Network Goes Down
Is it smart to rely on the Production network to manage your network every day? With secure remote access to your devices via the console servers, Out-of-Band (OOB) management creates an always-on independent management plane, giving you reliable access to monitor and manage your IT infrastructure. Lock down the most critical functions on the Production network, and use the more secure OOB network to configure and manage your devices. Out-of-Band is the Network Engineer's Network.
An investment in Out-of-Band Management is an investment that pays off every day.
Secure Day One provisioning is now possible, using a NetOps Console Server with embedded physical security, capable of running Docker containers and Python scripts.
Every Day management and monitoring of your IT infrastructure is more secure and more resilient over the independent management plane, separate from the Production network
Global cellular modules and centralized management software ensures access to your critical devices to fix the issue, when the primary network goes down
DOWNLOAD OUR WHITEPAPER
Resilience in the Data Center
Smart OOB allows organizations across the globe to ensure resilient backup connectivity, seamlessly access devices in remote data centers and reduce costs. Opengear's console servers and infrastructure management solutions provide resilience and dependability to improve management functions.
Learn how cloud provider Secura Hosting utilized Smart OOB to reduce the time-consuming nature of dispatching engineers to its data center sites to make configuration changes and troubleshoot issues. Having deployed Smart Out-of-Band by Opengear, they've improved their management capabilities which led to a return on investment in just seven months
READ OUR CASE STUDY
Case Study: Secura Cloud Hosting
An Edge Network as Reliable
as the Data Center
Your customers expect the same level of service, no matter where their data comes from. As computing moves closer to the edge of the network, the high uptime of a data center must be translated to small, remote locations. With no engineer on site, and with physical redundancy cost-prohibitive at each location, you need an alternative approach to resilience. Always-on access to an independent, secure management plane via a centralized software system provides a way to monitor and remediate issues at your edge locations without sending someone to site. Out-of-Band adds resilience to your network.
In an independent survey of 500 Global IT Leaders, 49% said that Network Resilience was their #1 Priority.
READ SURVEY
Ensuring scalability and speed
What is Hyperscale computing? Click here.
Hyperscale data centers allow some of the largest technology organizations in the world, like Google, Facebook and Amazon, to maintain reliability and speed.
Hyperscale refers to the architecture of a data center and its ability to scale in response to increasing demand. This involves increasing memory, storage resources and infrastructure. The goal of scaling is to not only continue to build a system, but to do it big and fast. These massive systems are constantly rolling out new features. Because of this growth providers are prioritizing connectivity and availability – for this, they need a highly reliable solution.
Detecting and remediating remotely
Hyperscale data centers house thousands of devices and although their modular design allows operators to easily add resources as needed, their sheer size creates network visibility challenges. Constantly growing, operators are running into challenges that are causing outages and downtime. An alternative path to devices located at remote sites, Smart Out-of-Band (Smart OOB™) allows hyperscale providers to maintain connectivity if this occurs. Operators are able to securely monitor and access all devices without impacting normal operations to ensure business continuity.
When an error occurs, locating the exact router that is experiencing an issue can take hours or days without the right solution. Using Smart OOB operators are able to automatically find where an error has occurred and if it can be remediated or needs to be replaced to ensure business continuity.
Automating the deployment process
Zero Touch Provisioning allows hyperscale providers deploying large scale IT infrastructure to automate the process – repetitive tasks are reduced, human touch points are decreased and errors are lessened. Customizable scripting and files allow ZTP to be flexible in any environment. It allows hyperscale providers to remove the human factor and enable mass provisioning through the rack.
Zero Touch Deployment from Opengear:
Ensures adaptability for existing provisioning systems
Prevents unnecessary delays by ensuring cellular connectivity for Day One installations
Verifies network topology to quickly troubleshoot and remediate issues using Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)
Reduces deployment costs with shared hardware
Simplifying secure deployments
The NetOps Console Server allows providers to provision new networks remotely and securely. Only requiring "smart hands" to rack, stack and cable the infrastructure, initial configuration tasks can be completed onsite, even when there is no existing WAN or LAN in place.
5G AND OOB
The next generation of wireless technology is here. 5G will enhance connectivity across all platforms, providing more efficient, faster and better signal strength which opens doors for new possibilities across cellular networks. It is predicted that by 2024 more than 1.5 billion devices will be connected to 5G.1 So how will 5G enhance your cellular connectivity?
Differentiating Between 4G and 5G
Ref: Statista
5G will be a strong enabler in the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT), given the speed and versatility it will bring to networks. 5G has a range of benefits when compared to 4G, based on its use of the 30 GHz to 300 GHz spectrum:
Higher speeds: 5G peak speeds, at up to10 Gigabits/s, will potentially be ten times the speed of 4G. 2
Lower Latency: 5G offers latency below 1ms, compared to a typical 4G performance of 10-50ms. 2
Greater capacity: 5G networks will have capacity for a larger number of connected devices, by some estimates as much as one million devices per square kilometer3
5G is gradually being rolled out, so later iterations are expected to have even stronger capabilities.
It's important to note that 5G, unlike previous iterations, is not expected to replace 4G. Many applications, such as standard mobile phone calls and low-data transactions, will still be carried on a 4G network, with 5G being applied primarily to large-compute and low-latency uses.
Given the higher frequency spectrum, 5G also requires a higher density of towers to cover a given area, meaning that rollout of 5G will initially be limited to metropolitan areas. It is also impacted more severely by physical barriers such as walls, trees, and even bad weather.
5G, IoT and the Edge
Cellular IoT use case segments
Credit: Ericsson Mobility Report, June 2019
Compute locations are moving increasingly to the edge, driven by the growth of IoT and the desire to process and prioritize data closer to the collection point. Faster connections associated with 5G will support that migration as enterprises distribute their network power between Data Centers, Cloud Computing and the Edge.
The low latency and high speed of 5G particularly suit applications such as consumer VR/AR, AI, and autonomous vehicles, with high data density and rapid response requirements, enabling faster adoption of these technologies.
5G and Out-of-Band
Users expect the same level of uptime and response from their network, regardless of where that compute is located. But the reality of edge locations is that the type of system redundancy and staffing that is typical at data centers are not feasible at each location. Reliable, always-on access to the network devices, via out-of-band management, is a critical component of that network resilience.
As levels of automation continue to increase, enterprises will also have to extend the reach of their management and monitoring tools. Opengear solutions anticipate the current and future network needs of 5G.
Opengear smart solutions provide engineers at the Network Operations Center (NOC) with the ability to reach devices located at the edge. Lighthouse ensures access and visibility remotely, during critical failures while Smart Out-of-Band provides advanced troubleshooting to remediate issues that may arise at the network's edge. The NetOps Automation platform provides additional functionality to streamline repetitive workflows such as secure provisioning and event management.
Deciding When to Adopt
Each organization has a core IT infrastructure and line of business applications. Constantly improving technologies provide an opportunity to help them operate more efficiently. Once the right technologies have been identified, enterprises must identify the right moment to get on board to ensure meaningful results.
For 5G specifically, determining the right time to act requires understanding the most immediate use cases for it within the enterprise. The first is fixed internet connectivity. Instead of using cable, satellite or copper wires/ADSL, edge locations could potentially use 5G to get fixed internet connectivity. Because this eliminates the need for burdensome physical cables and wires, 5G may provide an easier method for deployment.
For many enterprises, it is too early to fully embrace 5G. Unless there are already specific applications that are limited by speed/latency of existing connectivity technologies, the value of deploying it will not yet be realized. Instead, the focus, for now, should be on understanding the technology at a high level and identifying the use cases that are likely to benefit the business most so that they can be prioritized when 5G becomes readily available.
1 https://www.ericsson.com/assets/local/mobility-report/documents/2019/ericsson-mobility-report-june-2019.pdf
2 https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/5g-vs-4g/
3 https://www.androidauthority.com/what-is-5g-explained-944868/
Environmental Monitoring Devices
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Responsible for managing the day to day operations of all government and commercial programs for Saalex, to ensure implementation, support to customer initiatives and prescribed activities are carried out in accordance with corporate objectives and contract compliance. Plans & develops methods and procedures for program support, directs and coordinates program activities, and leads personnel responsible for specific functions or phases of programs. Controls expenditures in accordance with budget allocations. Leads and/or supports business development initiatives across the company's core capabilities: Test & Training Range Operation & Maintenance, Test & Evaluation, Information Technology, Integrated Logistics, and Engineering Services.
Responsible for managing the day to day operations of all federal programs for Saalex, to ensure implementation, support to customer initiatives and prescribed activities are carried out in accordance with corporate objectives and contract compliance. Plans & develops methods and procedures for program support, directs and coordinates program activities, and leads personnel responsible for specific functions or phases of programs. Controls expenditures in accordance with budget allocations. Leads the business development initiatives across the company's core capabilities: Test & Training Range Operation & Maintenance, Test & Evaluation, Information Technology, Integrated Logistics, and Engineering Services. Oversees the Saalex corporate Contracts, HR and Security departments.
SNAP falls under WIN-T's Commercial Satellite Terminal Program. My job is to deploy the Army's chosen VSAT solution to the Warfighter wherever and whenever there is a need. Position requires knowledge and experience of Defense System Acquisition, Integrated Logistics, Contracting and Satellite Communications. As a customer funded office there is a special emphasis on listening to and striving to meet the customer's requirements as efficiently as possible. In addition to providing terminals, PL SNAP contracts for and provides its customers with logistical and on site technical support.


Dynamo holds all the cards in this playoff first round series after picking up a second win on the road at Sochi. Goals from Daniil Tarasov, Vladimir Bryukvin and Maxim Karpov were good enough to send the Blue-and-Whites back to Moscow with a 2-0 advantage in the series.
However, Sochi will look back at an incident late in the first period that could have changed the direction of the game. The scores were tied at 1-1 when Andre Petersson forced his shot past Alexander Yeryomenko from an acute angle but the goal was ruled out by the video official because the first 20 minutes were already complete.
Things got worse for Sochi midway through the second period when Bryukvin made it 2-1. The forward collected a pass from Alexander Tereshchenko on the face-off spot and saw his chance to whip a wrister over Konstantin Barulin's shoulder and into the far corner.
That snapped the 1-1 parity established when Denis Kazionov deflected a shot from former Dynamo D-Man Janne Jalasvaara past Yeryomenko to cancel out Tarasov's early opener.
Karpov made the game safe for the visitor in the 56th minute, skating one-on-one with Barulin and winning the duel to make it 3-1. Sochi got one goal back when Mikhail Anisin fed Petersson for a marker within regulation time, but there was no time to complete the recovery.


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Commentary OpinionTHE SQUEAKY WHEEL
Bombs & other disasters
Exclusive: Burt Prelutsky images exchange program – concert tix for pressure cookers
By Burt Prelutsky
Published April 23, 2013 at 7:50pm
I've been holding off writing anything about the horrific events at the Boston Marathon until the suspect or suspects had been arrested because until then, I couldn't see any point in discussing it. Then it occurred to me that what I was overlooking was the way every other media outlet has covered the story.
That first night, even Fox devoted every single second to repeating the few facts anyone knew and showing the same 10 seconds of video. I'm not suggesting that the catastrophe could or should have been ignored. But without knowing who set off the bombs, what was the point of the endless coverage? Did people really think that if they didn't stay tuned 24/7, they would somehow miss out on the news that the FBI had captured the creeps?
Perhaps it's just me. After all, I didn't devote very much time to the trials and tribulations of O.J. Simpson, Robert Blake, Casey Anthony or Jodi Arias, either. But, then, I am also not a fan of soap operas or so-called reality shows like "The Bachelor" or "The Apprentice." Maybe I'm just not like other people. And for that, I'm grateful, as I'm sure are they.
In the wake of the Boston massacre, Dianne Feinstein has proposed legislation banning pressure cookers, but Barack Obama has indicated that he'd be willing to settle for a national register. In San Francisco, the police are offering concert tickets in exchange for the lethal devices. I've already seen bumper stickers that remind us that pressure cookers don't kill people, other people do.
Speaking of which, my brother-in-law wrote to me from Michigan, wanting to know if I had any idea who was paying to have all those Newtown parents flying around from one event to another, serving as props for Obama. I had to admit I had no idea. For all I know, they might have been paying their own way. But inasmuch as even these grief-stricken parents must have known that none of Obama's anti-gun proposals would have prevented their children and their teachers from being murdered by Adam Lanza, one has to suspect that something besides their grief kept them moving from one high-profile venue to another.
Just because Obama has been focused on doing away with the Second Amendment doesn't mean he hasn't been causing mischief in other quarters. Apparently on his orders, the Army has stopped serving cooked breakfasts to 2,700 soldiers deployed in remote parts of Afghanistan. It's either in preparation of the drawdown or the result of the Sequester. In either case, soldiers have been writing home, asking their families to send them cereal and breakfast bars.
Experience more of Burt Prelutsky's humor and wit in his books – at WND's Superstore.
America, it seems to me, was founded on Judeo-Christian principles, but it has floundered on the shoals of ignorance, sloth and greed. What brings that to mind is the immigration reform bill proposed by the bipartisan Gang of Eight. It was back in the 1980s that Ronald Reagan got sucker-punched by the Democrats, who promised that if he signed the amnesty bill, a fence would be erected at our southern border. Here it is, 27 years and 17 million more illegal aliens later, and they're still talking about some five-year plan for closing the border. Only now they have guys like Marco Rubio and John McCain on board, fronting for them.
Immigration reform either begins with a double fence separated by a road easily accessible to border agents, or it's just the same re-heated hash political hacks trolling for Hispanic votes have been feeding us for nearly 30 years!
Finally, in China, a man shoved a live eel up his butt after seeing some other dude do it in a porno film. As you might have guessed, he wound up having to undergo surgery after the creature ate its way through his intestine.
Now, I can't tell you exactly why it is, but his experience reminds me in some peculiar way of all those people who voted to re-elect Barack Obama last November.
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Burt Prelutsky has been a humor columnist for the L.A. Times, a movie critic for Los Angeles magazine and a freelance writer for TV Guide, Modern Maturity, the New York Times and Sports Illustrated. His latest book is entitled ""Barack Obama, You're Fired! (And Don't Bother Asking for a Recommendation)."
Trump Derangement Syndrome
5 rules governing male-female relations
Those poor, poor Muslims
Cheerleading for Trump
Idiots and socialists -- but I repeat myself


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You are here: Home » Team » Paul Mosig
Paul Mosig is co-founder of Racket – a small design studio that works with community, cultural and environmental organisations, as well as artists, musicians and performers and independent small businesses.
www.studioracket.org
He is also a visual artist working with photography, collage, assemblage, video, sound and typography to explore an ongoing interest in human interaction with landscapes both real and imagined.
2004 Australian National University – Bachelor of Arts (Digital Arts)
Selected CV :
– A two month creative research residency with Laughing Waters Artist in Residence Program, including community arts development activities.
– Installation of works developed as a result of Synapse Art and Science Residency – exhibited at Canberra Contemporary Art Space, Gorman House in conjunction with Canberra's Festival of Contemporary Art.
– Video installation exhibited at Kuandu Museum of Fine Arts, Taiwan as part of BOOM!: An Interplay of Fast and Frozen Permutations in New Media.
– Media and set design for Aperture a new dance performance and installation by Jennifer Proctor at The Street Theatre, Canberra. Funded by artsACT project grant.
– Artist in residence at the Department for Archaeology and Natural History, Australian National University, Canberra, as part of ANAT's Synapse Art and Science Residency program.
– Published limited edition artists book with CD soundtrack 'The Present History'. Launch exhibition of original works and performance at The Front Gallery, Canberra. Funded by artACT project grant. Reviewed in Desktop and Oyster magazine. Wins Deskop Create Award – Creative Print Design catergory.
– New Media installation 'Afterlost' exhibited as part of Integrated – Digital Canberra, at Canberra Museum and Gallery. This work was showcased on the ABC's Sunday Arts program.
– Digital collage series exhibited in group exhibitions – Flaming Youth at Orange Regional Gallery, Exploration 6 at Flinders Lane Gallery, Melbourne and Changing Nature at Darling Park Gallery, Sydney.
– Selected in 25/25, Australia's top 25 artists under the age of 25. A Noise and Art in Australia initiative.
– Set up, curated, participated in and produced catalogue of works for Broadcast Gallery, a temporary exhibition space for emerging artists in Canberra. Funded by National Institute for the Arts and Youth Interact.
-Temporary installation at High Court of Australia, commissioned by ACT Public Art Program for 24/7 Dwell.
– Prints and video works exhibited and screened at multiple venues throughout Indonesia as part of Gang Festival an art exchange between artists in Indonesia and Australia.
Images from Paul's Field Studies in Wentworth 2005


Chiropractors Dr Linda & Dr Peter have more than 40 years combined experience and simply love what they do.
We use the same delicate techniques for every single patient as we do on our own family and friends.
How Does SA Wellness Centre Treat your Upper Back?
The upper back is very different in form and function When compared with the neck and lower back, and herniated or degenerated discs are less common in this area so a proper assessment (including scans) is essential prior to chiropractic treatments.
Cost Effective Solutions without Compromise.
Everyone wants value for money and that's exactly what you'll get. From your very first treatment we are confident that we will improve your health and wellbeing.
You will only pay for what you need. SA Wellness Centre are committed to the experienced possible solution and the lowest possible price.
What Are Common Causes of Upper Back Pain?
Joint dysfunction and muscular irritation are the main causes of upper back pain, though it's not an overly common condition of the spine. Poor posture or trauma can result in upper back pain, as well as spinal disc injury, though rare.
How Many Sessions are Usually Required for Upper Back Pain?
If your upper back pain is deemed to require chiropractic care after an assessment, you will then be advised as to how many sessions you should require to see results or become pain-free.
Many patients with upper back issues notice increased mobility and pain relief after just 2 – 3 sessions.
If you would like to contact Aberfoyle Park Chiropractic, please use our quick enquiry form located next to this text.
One of our friendly staff will reply to your enquiry asap, or alternatively if you want an immediate response please call the clinic on 08 8322 1788.


Freshwater habitats includes standing and flowing waters such as springs, ponds, lakes and rivers. These hold a wide variety of life including fish and amphibians.
Freshwater fish often require a varied diet including animal based material and vegetable based items to mimic their wild diets.
Rivers have been used by industry to move goods around for generations. Lots of changes have been made to their shape and flow that has affected the wildlife it holds. Conservation organisations are now trying to reinstate meanders and create differing flows for migrating fish.
We have a wide variety of freshwater fish here at the Aquatics Resource Centre. Species include cichlids, cave fish, angel fish and glass fish.


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By Jessica Galang Canadian Startup News, Launches October 25, 2016
New Frank + Oak 50/50 Founders' Fund promises funding equality to entrepreneurs
Today, Frank + Oak announced the launch of its 50/50 Founders' Fund as part of its effort to support early stage entrepreneurs, in partnership with General Assembly.
"As our company has evolved, we've looked at what the core values are that are important for our customer."
The Fund will function as a grant program, providing seed-stage funding of up to $10,000 to four entrepreneurs working in social enterprise each quarter, starting in Q1 2017, in the US and Canada. To fund the grants, Frank + Oak will take one percent of every product sold. Winners also get access to an advisory team of entrepreneurs and an educational credit from General Assembly, where they can receive classes on subjects like digital marketing, coding, and data science. It's General Assembly's second notable foray into Canada, as the education-to-employment company acquired Bitmaker in early August.
The Fund gets its name from the fact that Frank + Oak plans to grant 50 percent of the fund to female entrepreneurs and 50 percent of the fund to male entrepreneurs equally. The company said the goal of the fund was to address the address the gender gap when it comes to entrepreneurship and funding. Quite a few studies in the past have attempted to examine reasons for the gap, including a joint study from BMO and Carleton that said the perception that women are more risk-averse means they have more trouble securing funding. Anecdotally, many women have spoken out about feeling that they have a tougher time raising capital than their male counterparts — which is especially true if you're a Black woman, who raise an average of $36,000 of funding in an analysis of 10,238 deals.
When asked why Frank + Oak felt that a mandate of providing 50 percent of funding to male and female founders equally was the best way to approach tech's gender disparity, rather than dedicating a fund just to women, CEO Ethan Song said the latter was an idea that was considered in the beginning. "We felt that because we're about equality, it made more sense to have something balanced on both sides, which rewards entrepreneurs that are male or female. Although the proposal [to have a fund that targets women entrepreneurs is also valid, and something we considered seriously."
As Frank + Oak has always been a brand that has worked to be attractive to entrepreneurs with its chat bots and curated experiences, Song said it made sense to launch an initiative that was actually useful in an entrepreneur's life. "[Looking at] the challenges we've had building our company from the ground up, and looking at the customers that we have, we have that desire to have an impact on the world," said Song. "It's been a while that we've been talking about this; how do we give back and accelerate entrepreneurship and contribute to our community, not just by providing cool clothes, but actually being involved?"
Frank + Oak is also funding two fellowships for General Assembly's Opportunity Fund, which provides full educational stipends to underrepresented groups. When asked whether Frank + Oak reached out to members of the community for consultation on the fund's approach to diversity, Song said, "we built and brainstormed this internally and we talked to mentors and a lot of people to find out what is the best way to implement this."
"At the same time, it is a Frank + Oak initiative. It's something that we own completely and we're very passionate about. If you look at who comes to our events and you look at the guys who buy our clothes, those entrepreneurial values are very strong within our community."
In terms of why the company decided to launch the fund now, Song replied simply that there's no better time than any other time. "What's interesting about the history of Frank + Oak is that we're well aware that when we started, the idea was to create a product for creative guys," said Song. "As our company has evolved, we've looked at what the core values are that are important for our customer. It's not so much about being a guy, but it's about being creative and being entrepreneurial."
impactMontrealretail
Jessica Galang
Freelance tech writer. Former BetaKit News Editor.
0 replies on "New Frank + Oak 50/50 Founders' Fund promises funding equality to entrepreneurs"


Lily's life is turned upside down when she is forced to leave her friends to spend the summer on a remote ranch with her aunt. Convinced her social life is over, she is surprised to meet an unlikely group of friends. When her aunt is threatened by unfriendly neighbours, Lily knows it is up to her and Pistachio, the horse she has discovered an unbreakable bond with, to save the ranch and to find her destiny along the way.


ClearPlay Blog: ClearPlay Blu-ray Giveaway!
Movies are a little shorter with ClearPlay -- and frankly we like it that way! And with your busy life that time adds up quickly! Comment below how you will spend this new-found time and be entered into our drawing.
plus 18 months of Membership!
Get your comments in before 4 PM on Thursday, September 25, 2014!
Winners will be announced on Friday.
ClearPlay's "Time is Precious" Team!


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Home » Articole » News » Press Release » Agreement reached between EC President and 3 opposition leaders in Ukraine
Agreement reached between EC President and 3 opposition leaders in Ukraine
by Nicolae Sfetcu | posted in: Europe, Gambling World, Press Release | 0
STATEMENT, by EU High Representative Catherine Ashton on agreement reached between President and 3 opposition leaders in Ukraine
Brussels, 21 February 2014
The High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice President of the Commission, issued the following statement today:
"I welcome the agreement reached today by the President and the opposition leaders. This agreement opens the way for a political solution to the crisis in Ukraine. A democratic and peaceful solution is the only way forward.
The EU has been very much engaged in all the efforts that led to this important breakthrough. I particularly commend the important work on my behalf of the Foreign Ministers of France, Germany and Poland who facilitated this agreement. Implementation is now key. I call upon all signatories to respect the agreement and recall full Ukrainian ownership and responsibility for its immediate implementation.
There must be an immediate end to the violence and I call for the full respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms and for urgent independent investigations into human rights violations. Those responsible must be brought to justice and in this respect we adopted strong Council Conclusions yesterday.
The EU is ready to lend full support to the implementation of the agreement, in close coordination with the Council of Europe, the Chairman in Office of the OSCE and other relevant partners."
Credit © European Union, 2014
European Commission, European Union, Ukraine
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Every Sunday we always experience unscheduled brown outs. Most of the time, we find it inconvenient because it hinders us to do the necessary things that needs to be done. Two weeks ago, we planned to have dinner at my sister in law's house. We were excited for the dinner but sad to say, at exactly 6:00 PM there wasn't any electricity at all. We were gathered at the table using candle lights and couldn't clearly see our food. Even though there are rechargeable lamps but it's not so bright compared to using a brinkmann q beam. My niece wasn't affected with the brownout and took her lamp and played with it. I brought a camera and she was posing in front of me even though it was dark. Below is her cute and funny photo.
She has the potential to become a model… cute!


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Long read: Will the UK's environment survive our friendship with Trump?
Damian Kahya
@damiankahya
The man who led Trump's environmental agency transition team, Myron Ebell, paid a visit to the UK this week, calling the environmental movement "the greatest threat to freedom and prosperity in the modern world."
Environmental rules – Trump's advisers argue – impinge on the freedom of individuals and businesses. Since many of the UK's rules come from Europe, leaving the EU gives the UK an opportunity to get rid of them and open the gate for a trade deal between the UK and US, which is quickly deregulating under its new President.
Free trade deals are no longer about taxes on goods entering and leaving the country. Those are practically all done.
"Lowering trade barriers," something Mr Ebell called for during his visit, now means removing rules that limit the sale of products – like chemicals or whisky – or stop companies making investments, such as building new mines or infrastructure.
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'Lowering barriers'
"The core idea is making sure regulations are not discriminatory [between countries], it is a tool to challenge regulations that may affect imports" says Simon Lester, an expert on free trade at US think tank the Cato Institute.
In fact, without cutting regulations there is little point in a deal, something negotiators realised during the long and apparently futile attempts to cut an EU-US deal.
"The impact of tariff reduction [taxes on goods] in TTIP (the stalled EU-US trade deal) was negligible, over 80% of the benefits came from reducing non-tariff barriers," adds Friends of the Earth trade campaigner Sam Lowe.
The deals are often designed to create a level playing field for business. To enforce the agreements international courts are set up which rule on whether states have violated the rights of foreign companies.
Much of this is similar to the arrangements within the EU, but with a difference. The environment was part of the EU's founding mission and it largely pushed on the UK tougher environmental regulations.
As Mr Ebell suggests, the US is likely to push us the other way, bringing our regulations down to their level.
Race to the bottom
"With [former Exxon CEO] Rex Tillerson as secretary of state and the way the EPA is being treated it doesn't look like the administration have any concern for the environment. I certainly can't see them increasing their regulations," notes Nikhil Datta, a trade expert at the London School of Economics.
In fact, even under Obama, the US has always maintained an online shopping list of regulations it regards as impediments to free trade across the world ranging from restrictions on chemical use to rules on what can, and cannot, be called whisky.
Because we are by far the smaller economy, many (though not all) think our regulations will align with Trump's.
"Establishing standards is a complex process with a bit and give and take. One would have to assume that the US would be the taking partner and the UK the giving one," says Geert Van Calster, an expert in international trade and regulatory law.
In fact, for a new administration which argues the US has struck "bad deals" in the past, a new trade deal with a somewhat desperate UK might be the perfect way to set out their stall.
"There is a strategic element," says Lowe.
"When you are negotiating a series of agreements you go to the smaller party first and try to get as many concessions as you can before going to the bigger player. The US could use the UK as a model to then re-approach the rest of the EU".
That doesn't necessarily mean a US-UK trade arrangement would see UK shelves flooded with hormone fed beef or chlorine washed chicken, or our fields awash with previously banned pesticides.
So long as the UK continues to export to the EU it will face limits on the rules it can set, or risk being barred from what will remain its biggest market. At the very least different standards would need to exist for UK products and exports.
"The UK would obviously have a number of red lines on food standards, on chemicals etc because if it didn't then it wouldn't be able to export products to the EU," warns Professor Van Calster.
Trade courts
But there are areas where compromise is likely and where the power of EU courts may be replaced by new courts whose main role would not be to enforce higher standards but to prevent new regulations.
The UK, after all, would not be the first smaller but developed economy to sign a free trade deal with the US.
Under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Canada has been taken to Investor State Dispute Settlement courts 35 times by US companies, the vast majority of these have focused on the environment, chemicals and resource extraction.
"It [NAFTA] undermined Canada's ability to regulate tar sands and it created legal avenues for firms to challenge environmental policy making," said Datta.
In one example US firm Clayton sued the Canadian government for £101 million, arguing that an environmental assessment which ruled it could not open a quarry and marine terminal to mine basalt was arbitrary and unfair.
More recently a US based cement firm – St. Mary's – sued the government because it was stopped from opening a quarry. Residents raised concerns about the impact on groundwater and the local government changed the zoning of the area to prevent it being converted to extractive use. A settlement was reached involving compensation for the firm.
The benefits these courts can bring for fossil fuel firms won't be new to the Trump administration. Whilst he was CEO of Exxon, Rex Tillerson oversaw the firm's successful legal case against Canada due to conditions placed on its Canadian division, Mobil Investments.
Indeed, with both the UK and US government aligned behind the importance of boosting shale gas exploration, encouraging US investment in fracking may be an objective of any US-UK deal.
US firms have access to a far greater range of chemicals for use in the fracking process than their UK counterparts where EU chemical regulations and the application of the precautionary principle significantly limit their use.
The UK secretary of state for the environment Andrea Leadsom recently admitted that some areas of EU law, including chemical regulations, are proving harder to incorporate into the UK than others.
Those EU laws that are incorporated into UK law can after all always be changed. As one Tory MP, Jacob Rees Mogg put it "I accept that we are not going to allow dangerous toys in from China, but there is a very long way you could go".
But even if our laws escape the drive for deregulation new rules to protect US investments in the UK – and courts to enforce them – may prove hugely beneficial for the shale gas industry which has struggled to seek council or environmental approval for its plans.
For a government in the UK which supports drilling, a trade deal designed to limit what industry argues are unfair or arbitrary rules by local authorities or regulators could actually prove quite convenient.
Climate action curbs
Minutes of discussions between US oil major Chevron and the EU reveal the firm sees international courts as a "deterrent" to new regulations which limit drilling.
"Resource are something I would expect the US to push for," says Datta, "fracking is the kind of new energy they would support."
Fracking firms may be one beneficiary of a US/UK trade deal – Getty
Other "new energies" may prove less appealing to Trump's negotiators. Early drafts of the proposed US-EU trade deal attempted to impose a level playing field on renewables and fossil fuels, potentially ruling out subsidies or government support for things like offshore wind.
And that was before the White House was taken over by protectionist climate sceptics and former oil executives.
Of course it may not work out this way. A quick deal – Lester argues – would focus on areas such as cars where US and UK regulations aren't that far apart and complex harmonisation may simply be unnecessary.
"If you start to get into any kind of sensitive industry like chemicals, health services, you'll have problems.
"I'd suggest they stay away from that," he cautions, noting that despite its economy the US has not always gotten its way in trade negotiations.
Indeed right now even starting to negotiate an all-encompassing deal is basically impossible.
Not only has the UK not left the EU, it is only now advertising for a chief trade negotiator and where the US and EU has a complex system of regulators such as the food and drug administration the UK has yet to decide who, if anyone, will manage regulation of such ever changing areas as food and chemicals.
Yet this is not a problem for another day. Decisions being made now over which EU laws are brought into UK law and what power ministers have to change them, and it's this that will determine how far the UK can bend to Trump's will if, and when, it does leave the EU.
The further the UK pulls from its biggest trading partner the closer it will move to Trump. After all a nation with a trade deficit, which is also a net importer of food, does need to trade with someone.
"If we're not in a trade deal with the EU then tariffs on food will be higher," says Datta, "the UK may choose to import food from elsewhere."
A deal with Trump may please Ebell. It won't force the UK to protect its environment. It may well force it not to.


In continuation to my previous post on HR drift in Changing Business Landscape, I intend to focus on Business to employee future trends through this article.
B2E - Business to Employee is the latest addition to the glossary of new economy terms. It is about Business to Employee, with the former empowering the latter with the help of technology like Intranet. The focus is moving towards enabling employee processes. Workplace dimensions had altered over the years; from being a closed economy, we need to become a global work force. The definition of jobs is changing and people are giving more importance to family and life after work".
Globalization - With the globalization of businesses, It is inevitable that HR also focus on providing scalable platforms accessible across the organization while ensuring that there are multiple communication channel. As we know that people are critical to any organization and if they are well informed they are happy and happy employees are the best brand ambassadors of the company.
As a knowledge-intensive market, which is growing at a rapid pace, we must use the technology to manage and share this knowledge. The in house (intranet) portal provides a framework that encourages and facilitates Knowledge Management. It helps enhance internal corporate communication, white papers, articles and knowledge and idea sharing. A portal can provide employee self-service solution, act as a binding force across various HR initiatives and result in a clear, orchestrated and seamless information flow.
Since the focus of HR has shifted from administrative to value added services, the B2E portals aid HR professionals of the company to be available to employees 24*7. It reduces operating costs and improves awareness while providing built in feedback and communiction mechanism.
"IT should enable HR, but HR should not lose its human face."
Yes, It's true. Now a days organization (mostly quality certified) are paying attention to this aspect of Human behavior.A well designed system (i.e. process) removes unnecessary movements in accomplishment of a particular task, which enhances effectiveness of an individual and ultimately affects the Performance of organization a whole; and Technology plays a vital role in this.


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Theresa May 'preparing for a general election in June'
Yahoo Staff Writer
Feb 3rd 2019 6:03AM
Theresa May could be preparing for a general election in June, despite her pledges to 'battle for Britain'.
It is understood that Downing Street advisors have drawn up plans to extend Article 50, secure parliament's backing for a new Brexit deal in April, before triggering a general election in June.
According to reports in both the Mail on Sunday and the Sunday Times, the preparations could hep protect the PM from efforts to force her our of office.
Despite Theresa May's extremely turbulent spell in office, fresh polls place the Conservative Party seven points ahead of Labour, suggesting Theresa May could still win over socialist leader of the opposition Jeremy Corbyn.
As the reports of a fresh election hit the headlines, May has said she will be "battling for Britain" when she returns to Brussels to seek a "pragmatic" Brexit deal that can win over both the European Union and her own MPs.
In the Sunday Telegraph, Mrs May said she was listening to figures from across politics, the trade union movement and business in her quest for a feasible Brexit compromise.
She said: "It's why when I return to Brussels I will be battling for Britain and Northern Ireland, I will be armed with a fresh mandate, new ideas and a renewed determination to agree a pragmatic solution that delivers the Brexit the British people voted for, while ensuring there is no hard border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.
"That is what Parliament instructed me to do on Tuesday night.
"Although Jeremy Corbyn didn't vote with us, he also believes the potential indefinite nature of the backstop is an issue that needs to be addressed with Brussels. That is exactly what I'm doing."
On Tuesday, Mrs May secured Parliament's backing to go back to Brussels in the hope of hammering out a fresh agreement that does not include the Irish border backstop – which is unacceptable to the DUP and Brexiteer Tories – and which will command a majority in the Commons.
The Prime Minister is due to report back to Parliament on her negotiations with the EU on February 13, with a further series of votes by MPs expected the following day.
Wrangling in the Commons has seen backbench MPs put forward a range of alternative plans to find a way out of the morass.
Mrs May found herself with some rare good news on Sunday after a new opinion poll suggested the Tories had moved into a seven-point lead over Labour.
The Opinium poll for the Observer found that Jeremy Corbyn's party had fallen from 40% to 34% since the key Commons votes on the mechanics of Brexit took place, falling behind the Tories who went from 37% to 41%.
Public approval of Mr Corbyn's personal handling of Brexit also fell to a new low of just 16%, from 18% two weeks previously.
His disapproval rating is 61% and he has support from little more than four in 10 Labour voters (42%), according to the poll.
But Downing Street denied reports in the Mail on Sunday that Mrs May's team are planning for a general election on June 6 – the 75th anniversary of D-Day.
Mr Corbyn used a trip to Scotland to call again for a snap election.
Speaking on a visit to charities in Glasgow, he said that "the people who are bearing the brunt of nine years of austerity cannot wait years for a general election".
This article first appeared on Yahoo
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Since many of you ladies are coping with unsettling windchill factors right now, I think we should pause and celebrate one of the (very scarce) ways in which cold winters actually make us feel prettier: naturally rosy cheeks! As a reminder of how lovely a pink cheek can look, I rounded up a few of my very favorite celebrity blush looks from the past year or so. Hilary Rhoda Sandra Bullock Rose Byrne See, so pretty. And if it's cold enough where you are today, you probably don't even need blush to achieve these levels of flush. Of course, not everyone gets flushed cheeks in cold weather, but for those of you who do, do you enjoy that little bit of seasonal glow?
Since many of you ladies are coping with unsettling windchill factors right now, I think we should pause and celebrate one of the (very scarce) ways in which cold winters actually make us feel prettier: naturally rosy cheeks! As a reminder of how lovely a pink cheek can look, I rounded up a few of my very favorite celebrity blush looks from the past year or so.
See, so pretty. And if it's cold enough where you are today, you probably don't even need blush to achieve these levels of flush.
Of course, not everyone gets flushed cheeks in cold weather, but for those of you who do, do you enjoy that little bit of seasonal glow?


Here we see a hidden continuity between the Obama and Trump administrations. The US is a status quo power in the Middle East, committed to the paradox of maintaining its regional influence while reducing its military footprint. The only way to reconcile these goals is to outsource the military element. The Obama administration's folly was to assume that balancing the Iranian-led Shi'ite crescent against Israel and the Sunni powers was a recipe for stability, as opposed to a nuclear free-for-all. The Trump administration's wisdom is to build up the allies of the status quo — Israel, the Saudis, Egypt, Jordan, the Gulf states. There is an obvious logic here, too. Iran is their problem before it is anyone else's.


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My name is Celeste van Kastel (23 yo), I am a Health and Society student from the Netherlands and looking for a room in a student flat. I will be studying at the UCV San Vicente Mártir from September til February so I am hoping to find a nice place near that university. I am an easygoing person, fun and happy, who loves to go out and enjoy nature. I like to do sports such as running and swimming, I paint and draw and I love animals. I am a very clean person who is serious about her school, but I can also be loud because I sing a lot (under the shower for example) and want to go out to do things with friends. I lived in Italy for a year and I learn languages very fast, so I will surely be speaking Spanish quickly!


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Share this Story: JONES: Riders ready to jockey for top spot at Century Downs
JONES: Riders ready to jockey for top spot at Century Downs
Jun 20, 2020 • June 20, 2020 • 4 minute read
Jockey Rico Walcott holds up the Governor General's Trophy after winning the 85th Canadian Derby at Northlands Park on Aug. 16, 2014. Photo by David Bloom /Postmedia,file
Last year, for the first time in a decade, a horse race season opened in Edmonton without a certified celebrity jockey on the property.
Sunday at 5:15 p.m., Century Mile appears to be crawling with 'em.
For a decade at Northlands Park, the pride of Barbados, Rico Walcott was so dominant that he somehow managed to make horse racing less than interesting around here.
When the 40-date season opens Sunday it suddenly — and I do mean suddenly — looks to be one of the most interesting battles of jockeys in these parts maybe going all the way back to the days of Johnny Longden.
For most of a decade, Walcott's jockey agent lined him up with most of the best horses to ride.
If he won, the horses weren't likely to pay much.
To make any money, you had to try figure out what long shot might manage to beat him and that usually required more crystal ball than daily racing form.
Walcott was the top jock year-in and year-out, winning eight straight titles and becoming known as the King of the Bullring, as that five-eighth mile track had become known. He brought home 1,292 winners in 5,491 starts, finishing with a 58 per cent win-place-show record and purse earnings of $17,275,889. He won five Canadian Derby races aboard No Hesitation (2010), Broadway Empire (2013), Edison (2,014), Chief Know It All (2017) and Sky Promise (2018).
And then Walcott, 29, suffered four seizures within an hour and was taken to hospital where a CT scan revealed a golf ball-sized tumour on the front left side of his brain, and his career looked likely to be over when last season started at the new track at Edmonton International Airport.
Miraculously, Walcott returned to the track and even managed to win 17 races last year.
Walcott had an MRI this week and was given a clean bill of health by his surgeon.
"He's been working a lot of horses and he's lighter than he's been in years," said jockey agent Bob Fowlis. "He couldn't be more anxious to get going."
Should he still be considered the king of the new track? Is it Walcott's crown to lose over a 40-date race meet?
Or did Rigo Sarmiento do enough in winning the jockey crown last year to be considered the king of the new track going forward?
Now in his early 40s, Sarmiento is pushing 2,000 wins for his career and was the leading rider in Venezuela at the La Rinconada Hippodrome in Caracas, Venezuela, the two seasons before following friend Larry Munoz (now riding at Woodbine) to Edmonton.
Sarmiento stepped up and won 58 races and $721,600 here last year.
He went to Winnipeg to ride at Assiniboia Downs when the Manitoba government gave them the go-ahead to be Canada's first track back in business, and returned here sitting third in the standings with seven wins in 47 races for $66,603.
The two guys ahead of him were way ahead of him and one of them was Rafael Zenteno Jr., who watched his dad win the Canadian Derby here in 2011 and decided that day he was going to be a jockey, too.
Zenteno Jr. is now 28 and motivated to win a Canadian Derby just like his dad. But he's basically been a journeyman jockey here, managing only three $300,000-plus seasons.
But he headed to Winnipeg with Assiniboia and had already delivered 13 winners with $82,179 in winnings.
That's two more winners than he had all last year in 111 races to finish 13th in the jockey standings.
Has Zenteno Jr., who has decided to race at both tracks this year, become a jockey championship contender now, too?
The top rider through the first 12 dates in Winnipeg has been defending Assiniboia Downs top jock Antonio Whitehall, who has won a staggering 19 races and $126,067 in purse money so far this year.
He's decided to become a commuter this year, too.
With Winnipeg finding a user-friendly Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday slot on the off-track betting schedule and Edmonton running Friday and Sunday, Whitehall has decided to work a five-day week this summer, too.
"We were aware that Antonio was going to ride on opening day in Edmonton and, as likely will be the case with other jockeys, continue with a dual race track strategy," said Assiniboia Downs CEO Darren Dunn after Wednesday's 12th race date of the season was cut in half due to a power outage when a storm hit Winnipeg.
The crazy thing is Century Mile started the week looking like they were going to have a jockey shortage problem for openers. The head count has only changed by one. But it looks like the Big Four are going to get most of the work.
Zenteno Jr. will ride in all eight races Sunday. Whitehall and Sarmiento will both ride in seven races, as will Walcott and veteran Shannon Beauregard, who are going into the gates for their first seven races of the season as well.
E-mail: gmoddejonge@postmedia.com
On Twitter: @GerryModdejonge


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Q: Why is the polarization of light not a dimensionless quantity? I've done plenty of Googling on the topic, but I'm still not completely getting it.  The way my E&M professor's PowerPoint explained it, you find the polarization of a wave by imagining inserting a  plane into the wave at a right angle and see how the plane moves. That's the exact same analogy often used to describe the curl of a vector field, but polarization can't just be the curl of the EM field, because the units don't match -- the curl of the E field has units of $\frac{\text{kg}}{\text{s}^2 \text{C}}$ (and the curl of the B field is of course just zero), while polarization has units of $\frac{\text{C}}{\text{m}^2}$.
Wikipedia says, "Polarization (also polarisation) is a property applying to transverse waves that specifies the geometrical orientation of the oscillations."  Several other websites explicitly point out that the direction of the polarization vector is the direction of the E field, and also make it sound like it's all just about the direction.  But if that's the case, then why does it have units of $\frac{\text{C}}{\text{m}^2}$ instead of just being a dimensionless unit vector?  And, for that matter, why do we even need another vector to specify orientation when we already know that the E and B fields are orthogonal to each other and the direction of wave propagation is orthogonal to them both?
I did find this page which has some helpful pictures.  It sort of seems like it's about how the individual photons are all lined up, which makes sense with the idea of polarized light in experiments demonstrating Bell's inequality in QM (there are several youtube videos about that that I watched a while ago) -- in that context, they talked about the probabilities of individual photons being measured at a particular orientation, both before and after passing through the polarization filter used in the experiment.  That makes sense conceptually, but it still doesn't tell me why polarization isn't a dimensionless quantity if it's just about direction/orientation.
FYI: I did see this question, but the single answer doesn't answer my question about why it's not dimensionless if it's only an indication of orientation.
This article did give me some insight as to what the units mean, since it sounds like it's not just about the direction of the E field, but how that E field affects the spacial distribution of charged particles in the region.  That almost answers my question, but not entirely -- what about light that's just been through a polarization filter but isn't, on average, interacting with any charged particles?  What do the units mean then?  Is it just a description of how that light would affect the distribution of charge if there were a bunch of charged particles around?  But even then, wouldn't that depend on the initial distribution of the charges?

A: You appear to have confused two different meanings of the word "polarization." The polarization of an EM wave is the orientation and aspect ratio of the ellipse traced out by the $E$ field in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction over a cycle. This information is dimensionless. E.g. I can specify an EM plane wave in a vacuum as, say, a "400 THz wave traveling left with amplitude $500\;\mathrm V\,\mathrm m^{-1}$ and polarized vertically" (the only thing missing is phase). I need dimensions for amplitude and frequency. The direction of travel and the polarization are dimensionless (and so is phase). The polarization of a wave is also not defined by a curl. It is, again, simply the shape (but not size) of the ellipse traced out by the $E$ vector at any single point over time. (The curl finds the amount that $E$ rotates around a point in space, which is entirely not what we want.)
The other use of "polarization" is in the study of EM inside bulk materials. A body of matter may, one way or another, develop microscopic charge separations that result in macroscopic electric fields. Such a material has been electrically polarized. We often treat the amount and direction of charge separation at each point in the material as a vector field. This field is called the polarization field and has units of $\mathrm C\,\mathrm m^{-2}.$ You integrate it over a volume of matter and it tells you the net dipole moment (in $\mathrm C\,\mathrm m$) due to charge separation over that volume. This is a completely different concept to the polarization of a wave. It just uses the same word.


why is my computer telling me i can safely uninstall WDC WD80 DJD 22MSAl SC5l disk driver drives (D:,C:) is this really safe?
Hello. I assume you clicked the "Safely remove hardware" icon. For some reason the system is seeing this drive as a removable drive and is really telling you that all data that needs to be written from cache memory to disk has been written and therefore you won't lose anything by removing the drive. However, in this case, as you have rightly concluded, that would not really be safe, since you would also be removing your operating system. You should just ignore this part of the message, but other hardware referenced (e.g., USB drive, etc.) can be safely removed.


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Notre Dame sued by former employee for alleged racial discrimination
Posted: Dec 3, 2013 12:42 AM EST | Updated: Nov 6, 2014 3:37 PM EST
SOUTH BEND, Ind. -- The University of Notre Dame faces a civil lawsuit by a former 13-year employee who claims he was wrongfully demoted due to racial discrimination.
The civil suit was filed by Notre Dame's former Assistant Vice President of Student Affairs dr. G. David Moss.
Dr. Moss claims he was wrongfully demoted, alleging the demotion was racially motivated and a violation of his first amendment rights.
In 2012, Notre Dame police launched an investigation after someone put fried chicken parts in the mailboxes of multiple African American student groups on campus.
During that time, Moss claims he was vocal about wanting an investigation into the incident and creating a plan to address the alleged racism on campus.
Moss was also seeking a promotion to Associate Vice President of Student Affairs. Instead he was demoted to Senior Consultant.
"We are examining the complaint, which we just received, but we are confident that Mr. Moss was treated fairly during his employment and we reject any claim that we discriminate," said Notre Dame University Spokesman Dennis Brown.
Dr. Moss also filed a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, but after investigating the claim, they issued this finding "The EEOC is unable to conclude that the information obtained establishes violations of the statuses."
We went to Dr. Moss' home, but he declined to comment about the lawsuit.


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Searching News Database: Atripla
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Mylan Advances Access in the Fight Against HIV with the Launch of Three Generic Antiretroviral Medicines in Canada
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aTyr Pharma Announces Appointment of Jeffery S. Hatfield to its Board of Directors
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AbbVie Receives U.S. FDA Approval of Once-Daily VIEKIRA XR(TM) (dasabuvir, ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir) for the Treatment of Genotype 1 Chronic Hepatitis C
Biopharmaceuticals FDA
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Bristol-Myers Squibb to Sell its HIV R&D Portfolio to ViiV Healthcare
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Tivicay(R) (dolutegravir) receives positive CHMP opinion in Europe for the treatment of HIV
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Royalty Pharma Announces Marshall Urist, MD, PhD, Joins Management Team
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Bristol-Myers Squibb Receives US FDA sNDA Approval for Use of SUSTIVA(R) (efavirenz) in HIV-1 Infected Pediatric Patients
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Abbott's PROGRESS Study of Kaletra and Isentress Compared with a Standard HIV Regimen Meets the Pre-Specified Primary Efficacy Endpoint
Abbott Receives FDA Approval for Once-Daily Dosing of Kaletra(R) (lopinavir / ritonavir) for Treatment-Experienced Patients
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Abbott Receives U.S. FDA Approval for Heat-Stable Norvir(R) (ritonavir) Tablets
Mylan's Matrix Receives First and Only Tentative FDA Approval Under PEPFAR for Generic Version of Atripla(R) HIV Treatment
Biopharmaceuticals Generics FDA
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Gilead Sciences and Merck & Co., Inc. Enter Into an Agreement to Register and Distribute HIV Medication Atripla(R) (Efavirenz 600 mg/ Emtricitabine 200 mg/ Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 300 mg) in Twelve Countries
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Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences Expand Their Alliance to Include Commercialization of ATRIPLA(R) (efavirenz 600 mg/emtricitabine 200 mg/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg) in Europe
Significant Changes in Store for Growing HIV Market
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Gilead Announces 48-Week Data Evaluating Switching from Combivir(R) To Truvada(R) Among Virologically-Suppressed HIV Patients
European CHMP Issues Positive Opinion for ATRIPLA(R) (efavirenz 600 mg/ emtricitabine 200 mg/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg)
Health Canada Approves ATRIPLA(R) (efavirenz 600 mg/emtricitabine 200 mg/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg), the First Once-Daily Single Tablet Regimen for HIV
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Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences establish agreement to commercialize ATRIPLA(TM) (efavirenz 600 mg/emtricitabine 200 mg/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg) in Canada
Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences Establish Agreement to Commercialize ATRIPLA(TM) (efavirenz 600 mg/ emtricitabine 200 mg/ tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg) in Canada
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With ten years under its belt and a list of tremendous achievement behind it, The Australian Bush Balladeers Association is set to step into the future with continued commitment – promoting Australian Bush Balladeers and Bush Ballad music.
The Bulletin prints news items/tour dates/and general activities that artist members send in. The Bulletin is supported by industry and artist advertising. The 2004 edition of the Balladeers Bulletin first featured a gloss colour cover which brought a major change with greater advertising and sponsors. The Bulletin is put together voluntarily by Virginia Coad.
The January 2010 edition saw a full colour Bulletin for the first time. The April Edition will also be full colour.
"There may be future times when sufficient advertising is not available, so regardless of whether we have an all colour edition or have a B/W section, we will always strive for the best quality presentation for our Association and artists in every edition." Peter Coad said.
Inline with the 2010 Birthday of the A.B.B.A. Virginia Coad voluntarily redesigned the complete A.B.B.A. website for a new and more current appearance. The new site was uploaded January 2010.
"The Balladeers" Series creates major income for our Association and the album is paid for by the artist track payments. The income from the album pays for the 'Balladeers Remembered Series" Cd which pays tribute to past pioneers and balladeer members.
These albums are a major fundraiser for the A.B.B.A. administration, postage, Star Quest winners promotional costs, etc. Without these albums, the Association could not run at the level it does. Therefore, the Association sincerely thanks the artists who come forward every year, putting their talent and money forward, supporting the Association in this way, and all those who purchase them. For details go to www.bushballadeers.com.au/compilation.htm.
The A.B.B.A. would like to thank the radio presenters who play bush ballad music, for their tremendous support of the Star Quest winners singles, and all those who do regular interviews and broadcast nationally on a monthly basis re the A.B.B.A. activities. Your support is appreciated.
The Bush Balladeer Star Quest has run a successful 11 years producing a great array of talent, many of whom have continued on to make a career in the bush ballad world.
Unfortunately, the Quest has now been put on hold through low entries the last couple of years. The Association feel this is due to there being more avenues of self promotion now for young artists, which is great to see.
Winners of this Quest received 12 months guidance in the industry and opportunity to perform on major stages and festivals etc. This was great experience and gives them a huge amount of exposure to the public and media.
Another initiative by the Association in 2004 was to sponsor a young balladeer artist to attend the CMAA Junior Camerata Scholarship every year. The Association also Sponsors a young bush ballad artist to participate in the CMAA College Of Music every year.
The CMAA Camerata Scholarship and the CMAA College teach and provide youngsters valuable industry skills and contacts.
The A.B.B.A. is run by a voluntary committee. It has been averaged that over a year at least 2 full days are given every week towards Membership/Website maintenance/Mailout/Bulletin preparation/organizing albums/Advertising and Tamworth events.
"The Association is dedicated to catering for the bush ballad artist," Peter Coad (President) said, "The Association has been built by our hardworking voluntary committees over the last 15 years with the support of our members, media and industry, and is continuing to build further infrastructure through the mediums of internet, radio interviews. I would like to thank our past and present committee, for their efforts.