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First Freshwater Fish ESA Delisting
Home / First Freshwater Fish ESA Delisting
The 2015 Presidents Fishery Conservation Award was presented to the Oregon Chub Team. In 2015, the Oregon Chub became the first freshwater fish species to ever be delisted under the Endangered Species Act.
Below is a Fisheries interview with AFS member Paul Scheerer, project leader with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW)–Native Fish Investigations Program. He has worked with ODFW for 24 years with a focus on describing the status, distribution, seasonal movements, and life history characteristics of Oregon's native non-game fishes.
Past president Bob Hughes says, "This project was a decades-long labor of love by some for a little unexciting fish to others." Why is it worth so much money and time to recover the little Oregon Chub – a fish most people do not even know exists? The Oregon Chub Oregonichthys crameri has been described as an indicator species of the health of Willamette River off-channel floodplain habitats. The work we have done to protect this chub has benefited countless other species of fish, birds, amphibians, and mammals that also depend on these off-channel habitats, including but not limited to, salmon and steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss, otters, deer, elk, beavers Castor canadensis, western pond turtles Actinemys marmorata, red-legged frogs, herons, shorebirds, and ducks. The collective effort by a very strong public-private partnership in the Willamette Valley clearly demonstrates that listed species can be recovered and delisted in a highly populated, working landscape. This illustrates one of the rare success stories for the Endangered Species Act (ESA), which just turned 40 years old last year. It is important to document success stories to show that the ESA is working and justify its value.
Why did you become interested in Oregon Chub in the first place? My career focus has been on assessing the status, protection, and recovery of Oregon's native nongame, often endemic, fishes, so I was asked to lead the monitoring effort of the Oregon Chub when biologists became concerned about its status—prompted in part by an Oregon State University study in 1989 (Todd Pearsons and Doug Markle), where historical chub locations were resurveyed and chub were only found at a handful of the 29 historically documented locations. This study prompted a proposal to list the species under the ESA and develop an interagency Oregon Chub Conservation Plan in 1992. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) obtained funds in 1992 from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to assess the current status and abundance of the species. Oregon Chub was listed as endangered under the ESA in 1993, downlisted to threatened in 2010, and successfully delisted February 19, 2015 (Federal Register posting).
What were the most challenging issues you confronted regarding Oregon Chub recovery? The most challenging issues were how to recover a small floodplain fish threatened by altered flow regimes and nonnative predatory fishes, including Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, bullheads, and Western Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis.
How did you and your team surmount those challenges? Our main focus was to identify previously unknown populations of chub, protect the existing/known natural populations, and to reduce the risk of the species' extinction by conducting reintroductions into secure locations with no nonnatives or threats of invasion within their historical range. To address the issue of altered flow regimes, we worked closely with the USFWS and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to balance the protection of off-channel habitats and natural flow regimes with the USACE flood control objectives. The USACE also funded studies to assess the relationships between flows released from 13 tributary dams and conditions in off-channel habitats upon which chub rely (temperatures, water levels, connectivity) and fish assemblages (native/nonnative) in these habitats. One of the questions we hoped to answer was what characteristics of floodplain habitats allow native and nonnative fishes to coexist. There are several locations where chub and nonnative fish co-occur in floodplain habitats, but chub abundance is typically lower in these habitats, and nonnatives often dominate floodplain habitats that have been altered (e.g., abandoned gravel mining pits). To reduce the risk of extinction and increase the distribution of the species, we initiated a reintroduction program with strict guidelines to protect the donor population and establish new populations with a sufficient number and diversity of donors to avoid genetic bottlenecks. To date, we established 21 populations through our reintroduction program, which was facilitated by working with the USFWS to develop a programmatic Biological Assessment for reintroductions and a programmatic Safe Harbor Agreement (SHA) for private landowners who agreed to allow us to introduce this listed fish on their properties. Four of the five most abundant chub populations are at reintroduction sites.
How did you and your team manage to obtain the support of landowners, NGOs, and federal and state agencies in this recovery process? Surprisingly, this was probably one of the easiest tasks. We had strong support of most of the relevant state and federal agencies from their early involvement in developing the Conservation Agreement in 1992 (prelisting). After listing, we gained additional support (including financial support) from federal agencies (USFWS, USACE, and the U.S. Forest Service [USFS]) in the process of fulfilling their obligations under the ESA. In many cases, NGOs, including land trusts and watershed councils, came to us to see how they could participate. We also had support from many landowners due to their involvement in the Farm Bill conservation programs and the focused activities of USFWS private lands biologists to encourage involvement in the chub introductions/recovery. As time progressed and we started to show progress towards downlisting and delisting, many more agencies and landowners joined in and contacted us to see how they could participate.
Did you have any sense of an anti-government or anti-conservation attitude among landowners? If so, how did you and your team allay those fears? Not much. Part of that may be reflected in the liberal demographic in the Willamette Valley. Fortunately, the recovery of Oregon Chub had very little to no regulatory impacts on landowners. Existing laws (clean water, fill, and removal) were adequate to protect their habitats. To allay fears from landowners who voluntarily agreed to allow us to introduce chub onto their properties, we worked with the USFWS to develop the SHAs with landowners (individually, and later, as a programmatic agreement), which provided them with protections against future land use restrictions and an option to opt-out in the future (none opted-out).
What role did the Oregon Chapter of the AFS play in Oregon Chub recovery? The Oregon Chapter of the AFS had no direct role, but was—and continues to be—very supportive in publicizing and recognizing our efforts and promoting the conservation of this and other native fishes in the Willamette River drainage. Many of the people responsible for the recovery and the delisting are members of the Oregon Chapter.
Who else was instrumental in the Oregon Chub recovery? Brian Bangs of ODFW, who started as a seasonal field biologist on the project, took the lead role in the monitoring and recovery efforts when I shifted more of my focus on the recovery of other threatened, endangered, or rare fish species in the desert of southeastern Oregon and elsewhere in the state. The USACE's Greg Taylor, who has recognized the USACE's legacy role in altering and impacting Oregon Chub and their habitats, worked to manage flows and temperatures to more closely mimic natural, pre-dam conditions, and provide substantial funding to conduct our detailed floodplain studies to improve our understanding of floodplain processes, the impacts of the project management, and the USACE's relationship to the fish and wildlife that utilize these habitats. Chris Allen, Rollie White, and Paul Henson (among others) with the USFWS played a large role in promoting/facilitating recovery efforts, protecting Oregon Chub habitats by guiding consultations via their staff, developing a programmatic Biological Assessment to facilitate chub introductions, developing the SHAs to streamline landowner agreements for introductions, providing funding for research and monitoring, and coordinating the annual Oregon Chub Working Group meetings. Countless other agency personnel from USFWS (private lands biologists, refuge managers and staff, etc.), USFS, Oregon Parks and Recreation, Oregon Department of Transportation, National Resources Conservation Service, ODFW district biologists, Bonneville Power Administration, as well as NGOs including watershed councils, McKenzie River Trust (who purchased large expanses of chub inhabited floodplain habitats in the McKenzie River drainage), tribes, and colleagues/collaborators at Oregon State University were fundamental in their support. And certainly we want to acknowledge the numerous private landowners who granted permission for us to access their properties to search for chub, monitor chub if/when they were discovered, and to those who allowed us to introduce a listed fish on to their property.
What university education components or experiences most prepared you for your career? I received a B.S. in wildlife management (fisheries option) from West Virginia University in 1980 and a M.S. in fisheries from Michigan State University in 1982. The broad course work I gained from these degrees gave me a comprehensive view of ecosystem processes and species interactions. I also gained the understanding that you need to step back and take a broad view of each situation, including the biological, social, and political aspects, in order to improve your chances of success. I learned the value of collaboration with individuals from diverse scientific backgrounds and the nuances of working together with private stakeholders (commercial fishermen for my M.S. thesis project and private landowners for various other projects) to instill their ownership/buy-in with the projects a fisheries professional or scientist needs to try to implement.
What are the next fish recovery challenges in your sights? We (ODFW, BLM, the Nature Conservancy, and USFWS) are close to recovering the Foskett Speckled Dace Rhinichthys osculus ssp. in the Warner Valley of southeastern Oregon, and the Borax Lake Chub Gila boraxobius in the Alvord Basin (southeastern Oregon). The Foskett Speckled Dace population now exceeds 25,000 individuals, and the BLM has acquired the lands and restored open water habitats that they use. We have been monitoring the Borax Lake Chub for nearly a decade, and it was recently proposed for downlisting, from endangered to threatened. Additionally, we are working with private ranchers to improve passage at irrigation structures to reduce fragmentation of and work to recover the Warner Sucker Catostomus warnerensispopulations in southeastern Oregon. We are also developing a decision support model, in conjunction with Jim Peterson (Oregon State University/U.S. Geological Survey), to prioritize future nongame fish research in Oregon. Ideally, we will identify at-risk species and can prevent them from becoming candidates for an ESA listing.
What monitoring will be implemented to determine status and trend in Oregon Chub populations? We will continue to obtain mark-recapture abundance estimates for Oregon Chub for the next nine years as part of the USFWS Post Delisting Monitoring Plan. We will also continue to search for additional, previously unknown chub populations in the Willamette drainage. These efforts will be lead by Brian Bangs. Oregon Chub Oregonichthys crameri is a small, floodplain, minnow endemic to the Willamette River basin in Oregon. The species inhabits floodplain habitats including sloughs, backwaters, and beaver ponds. The Oregon Chub was listed as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1993.


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Has Romney Sold Immigration Policy To Sheldon Adelson?
Patrick Cleburne
Sheldon Adelson: Wonderful what you can buy with money!
Watching Mitt Romney's feeble and flat-footed response to being decisively out-Hispandered by President Obama last week produces in the first instance astonishment at the amateurishness displayed.
The Youth Amnesty was after all just an extension of the Obamacrat Administrative Amnesty strategy decisively ramped up last August and extensively denounced not just by us, but by even the most timid Establishment Immigration Restraint outfits. Couldn't the Romney operatives see this coming?
Romney's handlers did not even have the brains to tell him to take shelter behind the undeniable Constitutional issue. (Which I see Alberto Gonzales, Dubya's appalling open-borders Attorney General, accepts: Alberto Gonzales Thinks Obama May Have Overstepped on Immigration Policy by Andre Tartar New York Magazine 6/16/12)
Unfortunately Patriots have a worse possibility to consider - especially considering the only public comments Romney made on Saturday, the day after Obama's coup d'état, were to further alienate the Ron Paul vote by saber rattling about Iran.
Romney's recent remarks make it plain that despite noises in the primaries he is willing to accept de facto amnesty. It looks very much as if we have to ask about Romney what I asked in January about a rival: Gingrich Sells American Foreign Policy To Sheldon Adelson – Immigration Policy Too?
New York Magazine reported the horrible news on Saturday Sheldon Adelson Is Throwing the Republicans Another $35 Million By Caroline Bankoff 6/16/12
Conservative casino magnate Sheldon Adelson has reportedly pledged a total of $35 million to three conservative nonprofits: the Karl Rove–linked Crossroads GPS, an unspecified group with ties to the Koch brothers, and a third affiliated with House Majority Leader Eric Cantor. This is in addition to the $10 million he gave to pro-Romney super-PAC Restoring Our Future last week… Sources say he's ready to commit $100 million to right-wing causes and candidates this year.
Adelson dwarfs the contributions of other billionaires, as Forbes noted in Sheldon Adelson Tops Romney Donor List That Now Includes 32 Billionaires Clare O'Connor 6/13/2012. The other 31 Billionaires cited in the story had only given a total of $17.45 million – and several of them are neoconservatives too.
Adelson is an extremist on Israel – George W. Bush is reported to have described him as "this crazy Jewish billionaire" because of being harangued by Adelson on the subject.
As far as I know, there is no public record of his views on immigration. But Jews on the Right as well as the Left are very rarely good on immigration. Furthermore as a employer of large quantities of low skilled labor – as Adelson is in his Nevada Casino operations – he is very likely to be a blind open borders enthusiast (except for Israel).
Connie Bruck reports Shelly Berkley, the current Congresswoman from Las Vegas (previously employed and fired by Adelson) saying he told her he was determined to "break the back" of the long entrenched Culinary Union there. The probability is that Adelson is as solid a member of the Cheap Labor Lobby as he is the Israel Lobby.
I suspect Adelson's influence was behind the curious and self-destructive forays into Amnesty by the Gingrich campaign.
There has been a peculiar pattern to the behavior of the GOP leadership on Administrative Amnesty. This Hispandering enthusiasm makes no quantitative sense. Some malign influence is at work.
The question has to be asked: is Sheldon Adelson good for the Americans?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Located in the Auburn-Gresham community, Renaissance Park is a park location totaling 1.25 acres and it is used for passive recreation. Park patrons can relax in this open green space on benches while enjoying the beauty of nature, reading or having a picnic. The centerpiece of Renaissance Park is a sculptural fountain produced by artist Jerzy Kenar. The artwork symbolizes the strength and energy of the residents of the surrounding neighborhood as well as the African American community in general. A pyramidal pile of black granite spheres represents significant African American figures who have made important contributions to music, literature, sports, politics, and social change. The names of eleven significant individuals such as Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks, Harold Washington, and Maya Angelou are incised into the stone. Water flows from the stone, forming a river that represents a spring of positive change. The river trickles towards a tall black granite plinth, symbolically allowing love and positive energy to flow through the entire community.
In 2000, the City of Chicago transferred a derelict site in the Auburn-Gresham neighborhood to the Chicago Park District so that it could be transformed into a new park. TheChicago Park District hired landscape architects Site Design Group and artist Jerzy Kenar to plan the new park. When Mayor Daley dedicated the park two years later, he stated that "The area, which was once ignored and run-down, has begun a new era, a renaissance, of exciting change." RenaissancePark was named in honor of its symbolic and physical importance to the improving-community it serves.


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module Spree::RansackableAttributes
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  end

end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Apportionment
Sample property tax notice
Property tax rates
Tax relief proposal
Land assessment averaging
Local improvement charges
Revised taxes
Understanding apportionment for new owners and developers
Apportionment is the re-distribution of the taxes from the parent (developer) property to the new child (new owner) properties.
Apportionment:
Generates a separate tax notice for each new strata unit
Allows new owners, if eligible, to apply for a Home Owner Grant for that year
Property tax due dates
Advance taxes: February 2, 2022
Main taxes: July 5, 2021
Home owner grant: July 5, 2021 (Grant may be claimed once the main tax notice is received.)
How apportionment works
Each year, a number of strata developments are completed in Vancouver and in some cases, the new strata plan does not get registered in time (by November 30) to be included on BC Assessment's annual assessment roll. The result is:
Only the original parent folio appears on the roll for the subsequent tax year
A tax notice is issued only to the developer as owner of the parent property
Developer's role
Apportionment requests can only be made by the owner of the parent property (developer).
The developer has the option to either:
Pay the taxes
Request that we apportion taxes to the individual strata units
What happens when the strata unit is sold
When a strata unit is sold, the lawyer or notary will draw up a Statement of Adjustments (SA) at the time of conveyance. The SA will outline the proportionate share of taxes between the vendor (developer) and purchaser (new owner).
New owners may be advised by their lawyer or notary to contact us about taxes owing. However, the taxes are levied on the parent property folio only, as there is no individual tax account for the new strata properties.
New owners should confirm with the developer whether an apportionment has been requested.
What happens if the developer doesn't apportion
If a developer chooses not to apportion, any outstanding taxes after the due date will be subject to a 5% penalty.
It is important at the time of conveyance to determine who pays the taxes as part of the legal agreement between the vendor and the purchaser.
If the penalty and/or taxes still remain outstanding on the parent folio at the end of the year, we will distribute the balance to the child properties (new owners). The new owners will not be eligible to claim the home owner grant for the current year.
As a developer, you are required to:
Submit a written request to us
Remit the per-unit apportionment fee
Provide the basis of allocation of the taxes
Pay all arrears, advance taxes, penalty, or interest on the parent folio
Requests are reviewed for approval by the Collector of Taxes.
Why choose to apportion
You may choose to apportion for:
The convenience of being able to provide each new owner with an individual tax notice for their strata unit, which streamlines the conveyance procedures and reduces the need for new owners to contact us to determine what taxes you owe, if any
Makes the home owner grant available to new owners, which may be an attractive benefit to some purchasers
Types of properties that qualify for apportionment
Apportionments are:
Done for all child folios of the same property class
Will not be done for only a portion of the strata units within a property class
All classes of property qualify for apportionment of taxes.It is most often applicable for Residential Class 1 due to the ability to claim the home owner grant by new strata owners, but may also be useful for Business and Other Class 6.
Multi-class properties may also be apportioned on a per class basis, where applicable.
What criteria must be met prior to an apportionment of current year taxes
The following criteria must be met prior to an apportionment of current year taxes being considered by the Collector of Taxes:
Written request is received from registered owner of a property that is on the current year tax roll (i.e. the parent folio)
The request must be received by the City between December 1 of the previous tax year and September 30 of the current tax roll year
The subdivision plan must be filed in the Land Titles Office after November 30 of the previous year and before June 1 of the current year (required by the Home Owner Grant Act)
A confirmation that there are no outstanding assessment appeals on the parent property
The per folio fee, established by Council, is paid
The basis of allocation has been provided by the requestor and is in accordance with the Vancouver Charter
Any taxes in arrears, interest, advance taxes or penalties are paid in full. There are current taxes outstanding to apportion
Each apportionment request will be reviewed by the Collector who will determine whether an apportionment will proceed
If the written request, basis of allocation, and fees are not received by the Collector prior to the Main Tax due date, penalties will apply
If the apportionment request is not approved, and there is an outstanding amount on the due date, penalties will apply
What is meant by a 'written request'?
The written request may be a letter delivered to the Property Tax Office, a faxed or e-mailed copy of a letter, which must be signed by a registered owner as listed on the current year tax roll (the parent folio).
Purchasers may not request the Collector to apportion.
When to apportion
The advance tax amount must be paid before an apportionment request can be approved. Any penalties resulting from late payment of the advance tax amount must be paid in full.
If the taxes on the parent folio have been paid by the Main Tax due date, there would not be any amounts to apportion.
If the taxes have been not been paid on the parent folio, penalties will apply.
An apportionment request will be considered only if the penalties are paid.
Fee for apportionment
The fee for apportionment is set annually by Council.
Currently, the fee is $40 per child folio.
For example, a single parent folio is redeveloped into 10 new child folios: the fee is $40 x 10 for a total of $400.
As the fee is subject to change, confirm the current cost with the Property Tax office.
When the child and parent tax notices will be issued
As required under the Vancouver Charter, the parent folio's tax notice will always be issued, regardless of whether an apportionment is requested and approved.
If an apportionment request has been received and is approved by the Collector by May 1, owners may receive an apportioned tax notice as early as the end of May with a July due date.
For all other approved apportionment requests, the new owner's tax notices will be issued as soon after mid-July as possible.
Items on the tax notice that will be apportioned
What will be apportioned:
All current taxes and other current year charges, after the advance taxes
All other arrears, penalty and interest have been paid
Examples of other charges include:
Local improvements
Information for new owners
You should check with your lawyer/notary to determine their proportion of the taxes and whether the developer has made an apportionment request.
If a request has been made, have your lawyer contact us to determine the status of that request.
What happens if the status of an apportionment request is pending or approved
If the status of an apportionment request is pending, we will accept payments on the parent folio before an apportionment has been completed.
Any amount paid by the new strata owner will be transferred to the appropriate child folio*.
* If you intend to claim a home owner grant, you may choose to leave a portion of the taxes unpaid (equal to the home owner grant claim amount) to ensure the full benefit of the grant is realized.
If the status of an apportionment request is approved, we do not recommend payment on the parent folio.
Tax notices to the new strata owners will be issued and payment can then be applied directly to the child tax account.
What it means if you paid taxes on Vendor's Statement of Adjustments
The Vendor's Statement of Adjustments (VSA) forms part of the legal agreement between the vendor and the purchaser, and is unique for each transaction. In some cases, the vendor will pay the taxes to us, and in other cases it will be the purchaser (typically it depends on who owns the property on the due date).
The VSA allocates the tax notice between the two parties based on the portion of the year that each party owned the property.
To fully understand your VSA and understand who will be paying the taxes to us, talk to your conveyancing lawyer or notary.
A property changes hands on May 1. The vendor is responsible for the first 120 days (1 Jan – 30 April), and the purchaser for 245 days (1 May – 31 December) using 365 days as the denominator.
Taxes can be paid to us by any of the parties.
Claiming a home owner grant?
If you, as a new owner, intend to claim the home owner grant, please advise your lawyer or notary to ensure there are outstanding taxes to be paid.A grant cannot be claimed against a property which does not have taxes owing.
Why we don't apportion all subdivisions
Apportionments are a cost-recovery service performed at the request of and benefit for developers.
The Collector is responsible for collecting the taxes. The apportionment process does not change the total amount of taxes to be collected by us.
The content of this page is subject to change without notice
This information is to the best of our knowledge complete and up to date.
However, we assume no responsibility should any information be inaccurate or misleading as a result of negligence or otherwise.
We shall not be estopped from enforcing its rights to the fullest, as though this information had not been relied upon.
Remember to claim your home owner grant online
You must claim your home owner grant External website, opens in new tab each year, even if you are paying through your mortgage or deferring your payment.


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Miscellanous notes on the author of Dikduke Soferim, the Munich Talmud manuscript, Israel Zangwill and more.
This is the death notice in the Jewish Standard (December 7, 1888), informing of the passing of R. Rafael Nata Rabbinowicz, the great scholar who compiled the Dikduke Soferim, which recorded the variant readings in the Talmud using the famed Munich Manuscript 95:
Subsequently to the first notice, the Jewish Standard added a few more sentences in the December 14, 1888 issue:
On Rabbinowicz, see Yeshurun 23 (link) which has nearly 200 pages on him, unpublished writings, newly reprinted letters, etc.
Here is his picture:
Since we are speaking of the Jewish Standard - a London newspaper which also carried the Hebrew title "דגל ישורון" - it would not at all be inappropriate to quote Israel Zangwill, writing under his pen name "Marshallik" in his Marour and Charouseth column (November 11, 1889), after noting that some newspapers crib information from them, and fail to cite the source. However,
"Some of our American contemporaries who do acknowledge their frequent indebtedness to out columns, have a habit of half veiling their obligation by quoting from the Degel Jeshurun. Of course that is our secondary Hebrew name ; but then we are not generally spoken of or recognized by it, and as side by side with an article from the Degel Jeshurun will appear one from the Jewish Standard it creates the idea that the two journals are distinct. American editors, please note."
Also speaking of the Jewish Standard - Degel Yeshurun - there is a hilarious exchange of letters in one of the issues which revolves around the proper spelling of "yeshurun," since the newspaper spelled it "ישורון," while in the Torah it is spelled "ישרון." I shall post it sometime.
I will return to the Dikuke Soferim momentarily, but first here is a witty poem called "The Shool of the Future," by Israel Zangwill (May 25, 1888):
Could this be the first time anyone rhymed "drasha" and "kosher"? Probably.
The article on Rabbinowicz mentions that his great work is based on the Talmud manuscript in Munich," the so-called ש"ס of Pfersa." This entire Talmud manuscript is online (link) on the Bavarian State Library's digital web site. But what is the reference to "Pfersa"?
Pfersee is the place where the Talmud was to be found in the middle of the 18th century, when we have two or three references to this great manuscript. Until well into the 19th century the manuscript was more associated with Pfersee than with Munich.
The first reference to appear in print is on the very last page of the Korban Netanel (Karlsruhe 1755) by Rabi Nesanel Weil, where we see the following:
He says "וראיתי בש"ס על הקלף בפערשי," "In Pfersee I saw a Talmud written on parchment . . . " and he proceeds to cite an alternate reading of a word which could be emended into two words and thus solves a difficulty. The reference is to this Talmud manuscript, of which we will see more below.
But first, it would interesting to bring what Rabbenu Yonah has to say about emending Talmudic texts, in his commentary to Pirke Avos:
"Masoret" refers to the plene and defective spellings and the cantillation-punctuation which the Sages transmitted to their students. They are a fence for the written Torah, so that there should not be editions which disagree more than slightly. By contrast, the books of the Talmud contain numerous textual discrepancies. Every day people come up with new theories, and to support it they write the text according to their understanding. Permission is granted for such textual injury, for in any case there is no completely correct text in any land. Thus they can support their errors from a book's errors, rather than their own mind.
Here is a contemporary portrait of the Korban Nesanel (1687 - 1769), looking very - Napoleonic, if you think about it:
In any case, the next textual witness is the Chida, R. Chaim Yoseph David Azulai, who refers to this manuscript several times, most well known in Shem Hagedolim, section "Sefarim," entry "Gemara." However, this is not his only reference to it. Before I give his earliest references, here is an interesting one from 1774. This is from Chida's publication of Massechet Gerim - for the very first time - at the end of Simchas Haregel V. II (Livorno 1782). The text he used is what we now call the Munich Talmud manuscript, but which was then in Pfersee.
Here Chida writes in a similar language to that which he used in Shem Hagedolim, that
"This massekhta is one of the Minor Tractates, as is known, and it was never before printed. It was copied from the Talmud manuscript which is found in Persee, which is situated at the beginning of Germany. Written on vellum in Paris in the year 5103. by one of the relatives of Rabbi Samson of Sens. I mentioned this Talmud in my small book Sha'ar Yoseph page 5b [sic!]. It is also cited in the Korban Netanel, on the last page."
As his Sha'ar Yoseph on Masseches Horiyos was printed in 1756, the Korban Nesanel is the first to mention it in print, as far as we know. However, the Chida wrote a travel diary, which was only printed in part at the end of the 19th century (link), and in full in 1924 (link; another part was also published in 1910 [link]. In addition, some parts were published in journals, including a partial French translation). His travels in Europe and elsewhere were to raise money for the Jews of Hebron. (Yes, there were Jews in Hebron in the 18th century.)
Chida's entry for 23 Sivan 5514 (June 13, 1754) is lengthy, and incredibly interesting, and earlier than the Korban Netanel. He writes that he arrived in Pfersee, which is a small town with only a few Jews. A wealthy man named R. Leib lives there, and he really hassled the Chida, accusing him of forging the letters of introduction he possessed. Fortunately Chida was able to show him a signature in one of the letters of a rabbi who R. Leib knew, who lived in a nearby congregation - and he couldn't deny that it was authentic. R. Leib continued to hassle with him, and Chida was able to again establish his authenticity. However, R. Leib made up another story: the neighboring town had an agreement with them in Pfersee, and he should first go there. Whatever money they gave him in that town, they would give in Pfersee. However, R. Leib's counterpart in the other town refused to give anything, and he laughed at him. Chida realized that R. Leib must have sent him a letter as well, telling him to refuse him. He tried to work out an arrangement, with no luck. He says that this is basically the reception he received in all the German towns, until he arrived in Frankfurt, with the exception of two out of a hundred such towns!
Here he mentions that he was able to see this Talmud manuscript in R. Leib's home in Pfersee. His description is very similar to the one in Shem Hagedolim; written on vellum in Paris in 1343 by a relative of Rabbi Samson of Sens. He mentions that he was able to read four or five pages in Horiyos, and found many variations. These are what he mentions in Sha'ar Yoseph. He also mentions the Massekhes Gerim, which he later published. He then says that he wanted to spend a lot of time with it, but R. Leib ordered his servant to usher him out quickly! "Gam zu le-tov!"
Frankly there must be more to the story, because I cannot understand otherwise how he was able to publish a text of Masseches Gerim from this manuscript! Maybe he visited at a later date? I don't know.
The nitty-gritty work showing that this is indeed the same manuscript as found in the Munich library can be found in the introduction to the first volume of Dikduke Soferim (after the Ma'amar al ha-defasas ha-Talmud, the Essay on the Printed Editions of the Talmud).
As far as I can tell, this R. Leib is none other than the R. Leib Pfersee who wrote several learned works, including Leshem Zevach (Altona 1768) on six Talmudic tractates. He was a scion of a prominent German rabbinic family. He rates a page and a half in Duckesz's Chachmei Ahu (Hamburg 1908). Duckesz has nothing but nice things to say about him. He says he spoke with R. Leib's grandson, who told him that R. Jonathan Eybeschutz told his father (i.e., R. Leib's son) that he was sufficiently learned to be the rabbi of a major city. He is also mentioned positively in R. Emden's Megillas Sefer. No mean feat, to have met the approval of Eybeschutz and Emden! It should be borne in mind that in those times there were apparently many charlatans running around posing as authorized collectors for Eretz Yisrael.
Once we are on the topic, here's something interesting. This is from the HebrewBooks.org entry for Chinuch Beis Yehuda (Frankfurt 1708), the responsa of another Rabbi Leib of Pfersee - the grandfather (or great-grandfather) of the one we are discussing. As you can see, the bibliographical data says "Yehuda Leib ben Chanoch miPaparasha."
Obviously Paparasha never existed. It's not really a big deal, but it is completely unhelpful as bibliographical data, and - I say this gently - it makes a work look less learned. You see this all the time in English books which try to transliterate place names and personal names from Hebrew or Yiddish sources. Better stick to the original spelling, I say, and you can't go wrong. "ווילנא" is "ווילנא" is "ווילנא," but "ווילנא" never was and never will be "Weilnau."
Regarding the question of how long was this manuscript in Pfersee, and in the possession of this family, there is an indication I found that it was already there in 1610. In Maggid-Steinschneider's Toldos Mishpachas Ginzburg (St. Petersburg 1899), pg. 11, we read about members of the family surnamed Ulma, who lived in Pfersee in 1610, and were its rabbis. On the last pages of the Talmud manuscript there are some signatures, one of which is Shimon ben Shlomo Shalit Ulma:
The exact details are unclear to me, but at some point in the late 18th century a monastery bought the manuscript, and from there it ended up in the royal library, possibly because it was stolen nationalized. Although R. Rabbinowicz made the most significant contribution to the study of this manuscript, it was already known to scholars, described and used by them. For example, in 1862 a talmid of the Chasam Sopher named Fürchtegott Lebrecht published Handschriften und erste Ausgaben des Babylonischen Talmud which describes this manuscript (then in Munich) and elaborately discusses how to prove that it was the same one the Chida saw, on pages 57 -59 and 98 -107, and did the Chida mean "Brescia" rather than Pfersee?
Here is one of the references to the manuscript in Sha'ar Yoseph, which being printed in 1756, is therefore the second printed reference:
It's also nice to see the dedication page
As you can see, Chida dedicates it in nice Spanish to his patron, the Masquil Mical Pereyra de Leon. "Masquil," or "Maskil משכיל" was - and is - an Italian Jewish title awarded to learned individuals, roughly equivalent to "חבר," which was used elsewhere in Europe, and I guess like "רב ומנהיג" used today. In Ma'agal Tov the Chida writes about the kindnesses of Michael Pereyra de Leon. For example, when he arrived in Livorno in 1753, it turned out that some nasty letters about his predecessor, an earlier collector, were to be found in that city. So Pereyra de Leon suppressed them and they did not sully Chida's reputation. In 1755-6 he spent 15 months in Livorno, and he writes that Pereyra de Leon hosted him for all of his meals!
Getting back to the Pfersee manuscript, we can see the title page of S. Taussig's Meleches Schlome (Munich 1876), which is the printed edition of the Mafteach Ha-Talmud found in the Munich manuscript, that the ms was still known as the Pfersee manuscript - "העתקות מכתב יד הביבליאטעק מינכען ובפרט מכ"י ש"ס קלף פה הנקרא שס פפערשע המפורסם בעולם." So worthwhile are the early pages in Taussig's book, that they are actually bound together with the manuscript today. Go to to the digital site and look! Tassuig also published the version of Avoth de Rabbi Nathan from the manuscript (link).
As late as 1908, when a facsimile of a part of this manuscript was published, it was called the Pfersee manuscript in the title, Die Pfersee-Handschrift: Cod. Hebr. Monac. 95 (Leipzig and Vienna 1908).
Here is one page:
I had much more to say about the manuscript in the light of Talmud censorship, but that should be in a second post. So I close with a link to an interesting blog post (link) which tries to determine how it is that a precious, unique Talmud manuscript in wealthy Jewish hands in the 1750s, should wind up in a monastery. The erudite blogger concludes that we don't really know, but there is a gap of about 120 years before recognition and study of the manuscript begun. I would point out that that this is only true if we consider Rabbinowicz to be the first to notice the manuscript, which is a stretch (as the blogger recognizes as well). Lebrecht already wrote of it in 1862, and Steinschneider knew of it, and it is mentioned in the Orient in 1851. Nevertheless it is true that there are great gaps which need filling, unless of course they have already been filled and I am just the last to know.
Posted by Mississippi Fred MacDowell at 11:38 AM
Fotheringay-Phipps 12:46 PM, October 24, 2011
It would appear that you've interpreted R' yonah as approving of changing the Talmudic texts. My reading is that he was criticizing it.
[I've not read this entire post, but the RY part seemed self-contained.]
S. 12:56 PM, October 24, 2011
I did not interpret him whatsoever - and that is because I can see it both ways. Really, one and a half ways. I'm pretty sure he's not approving of it, but he's describing a fact of life. And thus we see what Talmud study, and the Talmud text, was like in his time and place.
Anonymous 3:43 PM, October 24, 2011
"Frankly there must be more to the story, because I cannot understand otherwise how he was able to publish a text of Masseches Gerim from this manuscript! Maybe he visited at a later date? I don't know."
I'm sure you have heard in yeshiva the story that is told about the Chida filling in the missing page from memory to a sefer his host had brought him to use. I don't know what the source is but I am sure you can dig it up.
I somewhat doubt that it is true. That is not to say that the Chida didn't have a phenomenal memory. The latest sefer that they printed of his attests to this. In it he quotes chiddushei torah he heard when he was 5 years old, and the sefer was written when he was much older. But with the enormous corpus of his writings that we have we can discern many forgotten things between one sefer and the next. Especially revealing are his encyclopedic works which make this very easy. R' Shmuel Ashknazi has written a Ha'alem Davar to the Chida! I find particularly annoying his contortions of names of cities and foreign words (that is even after reckoning his different pronunciation). Even so I believe that the cognitive process for different materials can have such results where one can remember pages word for word and forget other details.
For the skeptics out there I want to say that such ability has been documented in scientific study; in one case a man was even able to repeat long speeches word for word. A similar story to that of the Chida is related in the book Melech Byafyo about R' Ovadya Yosef. He had given his manuscript for print, but the printer lost one page. He told R' Ovadya, who promptly rewrote the page. Later the printer found the lost page and lo and behold it was word for word what R' Ovadya had rewritten for him. In a recent show about his life on reshet eser (available on youtube), there is one politician that claims that R' Ovadya challenged him to take any sefer that he had off the shelf (he has many, 30,000 of them) and read him the page number. He did, and then R' Ovadya continued to recite the whole page by heart. But I seriously doubt the veracity of that story, based on my proficiency in his works.
S. 3:57 PM, October 24, 2011
Anon, the memory part I understood. (Although I think that particular story is actually about Rabbi Akiva Eger; but as we know, many stories are told about many different people.) It's just that you can't publish a minor tractate for the first time from manuscript because you've got a scary memory, which of course he did. At least I think so. On the other hand, maybe I'm wrong and you have the correct explanation. In the introduction to Dikduke Soferim he says that there are some differences between the Gerim published by Chida and that in the manuscript, but he says they are minor and accepts that it really is from the manuscript. Perhaps this even supports the thought that he memorized it, although I think that copying is also susceptible to errors anyway. I guess he would have had time to read it, but probably not to copy it.
Yehoshua 4:28 PM, October 24, 2011
I had a feeling someone would beat me to commenting on what you said about how the Chida was able to publish what he saw in the manuscript if seemingly according to the story he only saw it for a short amount of time. Everything was already said... :). I'll go with the version that he memorized it.
The story about R' Ovadia Yosef if true is of course unbelievable. There is truly no one in this generation like him, no? You can find people that know a lot about seforim, however to find those that not only know the seforim but what it says *inside* of them is more rare. He should have many more long and healthy years!!
"In the introduction to Dikduke Soferim he says that there are some differences between the Gerim published by Chida and that in the manuscript, but he says they are minor and accepts that it really is from the manuscript. Perhaps this even supports the thought that he memorized it, although I think that copying is also susceptible to errors anyway."
Funny to mention copying errors in connection with the the Dikdukei Soferim. Kasher caught him on more then 25 on the first amud in Brachos. And in regards to publishing from memory, R' Rabinovitch also relied heavily on his memory, see the description of him during his compilation of his work in the volume of Yeshurun that you referenced.
"you can't publish a minor tractate for the first time from manuscript because you've got a scary memory"
I don't think that he only used what he memorized. He says that he is printing maseches Geirim "that is known from the small tractates" . He probably memorized what he saw in the Munich and soon after committed it to writing. Later he published it and but probably compared in to other copies for reference. I once checked the Manuscript library for masches Tzitzis and there were like 12 copies together with the other small tractates.
Fotheringay-Phipps 5:59 PM, October 24, 2011
S.: "I did not interpret him whatsoever"
I considered as interpreation your translation as "they can support their errors", instead of the correct "they ascribe the errors". You changed a statement of fact to a statement about what can be done.
That was just a faulty translation on my part.
Anonymous 1:00 AM, October 25, 2011
"It's just that you can't publish a minor tractate for the first time from manuscript because you've got a scary memory"
I was not suggesting that he published it entirely from memory. What I think is probable that happened is that he memorized when he saw it and soon after committed it to writing. Later when he published it he used other available manuscripts. He does say that "it is from known small tractates" suggesting that copies were readily available. Last time I checked the manuscript library there were 8 of them.
That you juxtapose the Dikdukei Sofrim with publish to memory is amusing. See the description of him at work in the volume of Yeshurun you referenced. He relied on it heavily when he wrote his work. Also the reference to copy mistakes is interesting when you try to contrast it to the Chida's inferior work based on memory. In the Dikudkei Sofirim itself there are many copy mistakes. R' Mendel Kasher found 23 on the first amud of Brachos. These weren't really mistakes but textual variations that showed have been included in his work.
I was thinking about it more, and I guess I didn't consider that he had another manuscript, or access to one. It's also only about 1500 words, so it doesn't seem the mental feat I originally thought it was.
Maimon 5:22 PM, October 25, 2011
>>"with the exception of two out of a hundred such towns"
this seems to be your translation of כאשר יבא לפנינו תרי ממאה, but I think the correct translation of the Chida's מליצה is "as will be described below even if only a small percentage of it"
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In 2004, the Central European and Baltic countries joined the European Union as new members. The Prague office seeks to strengthen liberal forces, both political and intellectual, in the region. Our project office particularly supports the 4liberty.eu network, which serves as a centre of competence and a platform for dialogue.
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As another sign of the country's rule of law backsliding, Hungary has been failing to implement judgments of the Strasbourg and Luxembourg courts, and Hungarian authorities are repeatedly disregarding the judgments of the country's own domestic courts as well. A new research paper by the Hungarian Helsinki Committee shows just how deep this phenomenon runs.
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The publication by the Hungarian Europe Society entitled "Uncertain Times: The Future of Trans-Atlantic Relations from the Perspective of NGOs and Think Tanks in Central Europe and Hungary" analyses the growing challenges of great power politics and their security implications, inequality in all its forms and the need of economic recovery, climate change as well as the pressure of anti-liberal, populist forces in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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text:
Ateliotum petrinella é uma espécie de insetos lepidópteros, mais especificamente de traças, pertencente à família Tineidae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1854.

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português.

Referências

Ligações externas
 Ateliotum petrinella - Biodiversity Heritage Library - Bibliografia
 Ateliotum petrinella - NCBI Taxonomy Database
 Ateliotum petrinella - Encyclopedia of Life

Lepidópteros de Portugal
petrinella
Animais descritos em 1854

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Ever popular this plant is smothered in showy sprays of scarlet sweet pea-like flowers from June to September among grey-green leaves. A vigorous perennial climber it looks lovely scrambling over a sunny wall or through a hedge or evergreen shrub although initially it needs to be tied into supports. Unlike the annual sweet pea it has no fragrance.


text:
Austremonius oder Stremonius (frz. Austremoine) war gemäß der kirchlichen Überlieferung der erste Bischof der Auvergne; sein katholischer Gedenktag ist der 1. oder der 8. November.

Leben
Austremonius war einer der sieben zu Bischöfen geweihten Männer, die nach Gregor von Tours (538–594) zur Zeit des Kaisers Decius, also in den Jahren 249 bis 251, zur Mission nach Gallien gesandt wurden, wobei er sich auf eine aus dem 5. Jahrhundert stammende Passio des Saturninus von Toulouse bezieht. Die anderen Missionare waren: Gatianus von Tours, Trophimus von Arles, Paulus von Narbonne, Saturninus von Toulouse, Dionysius von Paris und Martial von Limoges, die jeweils als erste Bischöfe ihrer Diözese gelten.

Belegt ist ein Austremonius als Teilnehmer des Konzils von Arles im Jahr 314. Gemäß einer Überlieferung wurde er zum Märtyrer, da ein Jude ihn erschlagen habe.

Reliquien
Zu Austremonius berichtet Gregor, dass er seinen Auftrag ausführen konnte und in Frieden starb. Nach seinem Tod wurde sein Körper nach Volvic überführt, bevor König Pippin (Pippin der Jüngere 764 oder Pippin II. von Aquitanien 848) die Reliquien in die Abtei Mozac bringen ließ (Translation), auch wenn die ehemalige Abtei Issoire und das Bistum Clermont sie für sich beanspruchten. Mitte des 9. Jahrhunderts wurde dann der Schädel des Bischofs nach Saint-Yvoine gebracht, bevor er um 900 nach Issoire zurückkehrte, wo Austremonius ursprünglich bestattet worden war.

Darstellung
Mittelalterliche Darstellungen des Heiligen sind nicht bekannt; auch später wurde Austremonius nur selten dargestellt; er trägt das Bischofsornat und ist – wenn nicht beschriftet – von anderen Bischöfen nicht zu unterscheiden.
Statue und Glasfenster zu Austremonius in Issoire

Verehrung
Austremonius wird nur in einigen Orten der Auvergne verehrt; am bekanntesten ist Issoire.

Sonstiges
Der um das Jahr 258 verstorbene hl. Privatus von Mende soll sein Schüler gewesen sein.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Bischöfe von Clermont

Literatur
 Passio Saturnini (Anfang des 5. Jahrhunderts), Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina 7495–7496
 Gregor von Tours. In: , I, 30

Weblinks

 Austremonius von Clermont (Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon)
 Austremonius von Clermont (Catholic Saints Info)

Einzelnachweise

Heiliger (3. Jahrhundert)
Bischof (3. Jahrhundert)
Gallische Mission
Katholischer Missionar
Bischof von Clermont
Geboren im 3. Jahrhundert
Gestorben im 3. Jahrhundert
Mann


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by PETER TAIT
Later in life Thomas Hardy, would recall seeing the silhouette of her riding along the crest of Beney Cliff. He would remember with a feeling of agitation the scene that lay before him, stripped bare of everything, but the most elemental. A bent tree, doubled up by the westerlies; an evening sky exploding in a fiery tempest; and, set against it all, a horse and its rider. She looked magnificent, like Boadicea, thick auburn hair billowing out behind her, standing high in the stirrups. He watched her as she fell off the edge of his view into a furze covered gulley and disappeared. Yet it was frozen in his mind, the picture of the high-spirited and unsettling young woman, that he could recall at will for the rest of his life.
Time can give a gentle wash to memory, that he knew. It can smooth out the rough edges and make mellow the astringent, destroy the glass cage. But Tom knew in that one vivid snatch that what he had seen was real and that whatever else changed in time, that image would remain indelible. A rider on a horse skirting a cataclysmic sky. A heart aloof and vagrant, one and the same. His West of Wessex girl! He felt the first drops of rain. What had become of them? What had happened to pry loose the grip that once held him so tightly? What had led him to betray her?
Jacketed Hardback • 978-1-908274-06-9 • Price: £16.50 • Publication: 21 October 2013
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EMMA West of Wessex Girl
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PETER TAIT interviewed by Jenny Devitt for Abbey Radio Feb 2014
Peter Tait discusses the relationship between Thomas Hardy and his first wife Emma with specific reference to his biographical novel EMMA West of Wessex Girl
The Sherborne Literary Festival: Sunday, 20 October, 11.00am
45-46 South Street, Dorchester DT1 1DQ
Wednesday, 6 November, 7.00pm
WINSTONE'S Bookshop
8 Cheap Street, Sherborne, Dorset DT9 3PX
Thursday, 14 November, 7.00pm
Enjoy a glass of wine with
Peter Tait who will give a talk on
at WATERSTONE'S in Dorchester
on Wednesday, 6 November, 7.00m
followed by a book signing.
A talk on
followed by a book signing at WINSTONE'S in Sherborne
on Thursday, 14 November, 7.00m
From the BVM:
"New PETER TAIT novel caps Sherborne's Hardy month"
"Peter Tait to showcase new Hardy book at Winstone's in Sherborne"
Visit PETER TAIT'S Website here
Follow Peter Tait on Twitter here
An excerpt from Chapter Five: A LOW-BORN CHURL
Encouraged by this success and the first significant earnings from his burgeoning career, Tom and Emma agreed that the occasion was ripe for the couple to present themselves before her parents, who lived at Kirland House near Bodmin.
They travelled down together from St. Juliot, full of optimism. Emma had arranged for them to stay with an old family friend, Sir William Serjeant at St Benet's, before calling on her parents the following morning. She had told Thomas little of the host family, other than that she had once stayed there whilst convalescing after nursing her sister. The family, she assured him, had good intentions and would support them in their venture, though contradictorily, this only served to fill Thomas with unease. Nevertheless, their evening was joyously expectant, and the conversations with their hosts so reassuring that when they set off the next morning, it was with an inflated confidence which would only serve to exacerbate all that was to follow.
The visit proved to be a galling experience. After a few moments of pleasantries that seemed cordial enough, despite Emma's mother doing little more than nodding at the couple, Thomas made the request to speak to Emma's father, Charles Gifford, 'in private'. He was duly ushered into his host's study and was but a little way into presenting his credentials, when the older man launched a bitter attack at him.
'I would beseech you to stop there, Mr Hardy. This purpose of this visit was not unexpected, for I have known of your existence, and it was never welcome. You have been presumptuous in coming here thinking that you could marry into my family - a family of considerable standing, a professional family, a family with connections in the church and law. Even if you wrote books that were not unsavoury, which I gather is the case, you are little more than a tradesman, a hack, a low-born churl who is unworthy to presume you have the right to ask for my daughter's hand.'
There was no space for rebuttal, no hint that Thomas would be allowed to speak at all. When he tried at one point to interject into the stream of invective, he was talked down as the older man sallied onwards, his words bruising and contemptuous. The ferocity of the attack, its unexpectedness and sheer persistence, gave him little option other than to take his leave, with the tail ends of her father's words, and finally Emma, flushed and horrified by the exchange, trailing in his wake.
'We do not need his permission, Thomas, we do not!' she cried, half-stumbling, as she attempted to keep up with his striding pace down the pathway. 'He is wrong in this and we will prove him so.'
Thomas said nothing until he had slammed the gate to the house behind him, when, at last, he turned to her, his face ashen.
'Be that as it may, but for families not to sanctify a union bodes ill for any man.'
'Don't say that, Thomas, don't,' she urged.
He turned on her, grasping her firmly by the shoulders, fixing his eyes with hers.
'Then tell me Em, what am I to make of it? The man was more than unreasonable. He seemed unbalanced, like someone possessed.'
Remembering himself, he relaxed his grip and let his arms fall limply to his side.
'I fear he was under the influence too, Em, for he stank of it.'
Emma lowered her head.
'You must tell me, Emma, what I should already have known of your family. For this is not what I expected, not in the least.'
Emma turned away for several seconds, as if gathering the resolve to answer his question, before turning back and looking straight at him.
'I will tell you all I know Tom, for of course you must, although it is not much. One hope's that such intemperance is peculiar to the person afflicted, but it is in my father, I confess. There. It is of no great matter, but I should have told you, nevertheless.'
Thomas stared at her, not sure what to make of the ambiguity in her answer. Her eyes began to redden as tears welled, and he could feel himself soften.
'There, there, Em, it is of no matter. It is you and I that plan to marry, not our families,' he reassured her. 'They are of no consequence.'
With that, he took her hand and led her down the path, away from the house. She could see Thomas was upset, and while the hurt was his own, she felt equally diminished by her father's exchange. They wended their way back to Lavinlet along the Saints' Way, arm in arm. No words passed between them, only the spirits of both, crucified by the sentence that her father had passed upon the couple.
EMMA Full jacket layout
From Chapter Seventeen: VERY AFFECTIONATELY YOURS
When he returned to Max Gate in late July, there was little communion between them. Lillian had been staying for some short time, although she had moved out when she heard the master was returning. Occasionally he and Emma rode in the vicinity of the cottage, she on 'Grasshopper', her sky blue bicycle which occasionally she had trouble controlling whenever the paths were ridged or rutted, he on his Rover Cobb.
Yet in August, when Thomas went with Henry on a cycling tour of Lincoln, Ely, Cambridge and Canterbury to study the cathedrals, Emma was left behind. Instead, in protest, she rode about Dorset, ignoring an unseasonable heat wave that had driven everyone else inside, painting local scenes of Bulbarrow and Durdle Door, knowing as she did so, that they would only be hung, if anywhere at all, in her own secluded part of the house.
Emma was a very capable artist and had once sold paintings to aid the restoration of the church at St. Juliot, but while Thomas had praised her then, he had given little encouragement thereafter. She often wished that Thomas would speak of her talent, but she had learnt that Thomas would never notice, let alone encourage any other person, apart from occasionally, the scribbles of his latest paramour, and even then only until he tired of them, for he was too consumed by his own genius to bother with the incipient gifts of another.
An accomplished artist, many of Emma's paintings are in private collections but several are held by the Dorset County Museum; the above, featured on the front cover of EMMA, is one.
The Sundial Press
Sundial House, Sherborne, Dorset DT9 4BS
Email: Contact Tel: 01935 814113


Let's face it, the weather is always hot in Laos. That means you pretty much always feel like going for a swim, don't you? But sometimes a public pool just doesn't cut it. Public pools are not always well maintained and can carry a wealth of bacteria and infectious diseases. Pool operators need to constantly monitor chlorine and pH levels, else harmful germs such as Giardia, E. coli and cryptosporidium parasites can take hold. But if you don't have a pool of your own, where's the next best place to take a dip? Probably a hotel swimming pool. Rather than simply dumping a host of chemicals in and hoping for the best, hotels usually hire a full-time pool guy to manage chemical levels and vacuum out the pool. Hotel swimming pools also attract less swimmers per day than public pools.
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Doesn't that Garden View place also have a pool?
The one in Ray's – PDR alley.
It does have, but we couldn't find their contact number. Sorry about that.
Have pictures to go with them?


text:
Cleveland mayoral candidates address residents' concerns at environmental forum
More than 400 residents and community members spent Wednesday evening listening to Cleveland mayoral candidates talk about environmental issues impacting the city.
By Kelly Krabill ● Civic Engagement ● July 23, 2021 May 19, 2022
The online event, Cleveland Mayoral Candidate Forum: For a Healthier and More Equitable Environment, was created by a coalition of more than a dozen environmental and policy groups as a next step following the publication of the Cleveland Comprehensive Environmental Policy Platform: 2021-2025.
The candidates – Justin Bibb, Ross DiBello, Basheer Jones, Kevin Kelley, Dennis Kucinich, Zack Reed and Sandra Williams – were given two minutes to address viewers during the opening of the forum. Moderator Justin Glanville of Ideastream Public Media then began asking a series of questions from residents. The questions targeted environmental justice, water, land and green space, infrastructure and transportation and energy and air quality issues.
Regarding water, residents voiced their concern with the recent announcement from Cleveland City Council to possibly raise water rates in 2024 and asked how the candidates will ensure water affordability if elected. Former Ward 2 Cleveland City Councilman Zack Reed said the payment plan was unrealistic for older residents.
"As mayor, I'm going to be advocating that we put a real payment plan in place for senior citizens," Reed said.
In the environmental policy platform report, advocates for more green space want all Clevelanders to live within a 10-minute walk to a high-quality park by 2025. Residents asked how the candidates will restore parks in their neighborhoods.
"I would like to look at some of the land that we have in land banks that is just sitting there," Williams, who represents Ohio's 21st Senate District, said.
Voice a question from a West Side resident, Glanville asked, "What are some actionable steps you plan to take as a mayor to prioritize biking, walking and public transportation, not just catering to cars?"
Bibb, chief strategy officer at Urbanova, said he gained first-hand experience with public transportation as a former board member of Greater Cleveland Rapid Transit Authority. He said he would work with the state legislature "to ensure that cities like Cleveland … are getting their fair share of investments in public transit." He added that "having protected bike lanes is critical in every part of our community."
For Jacob VanSickle, executive director of Bike Cleveland, an environmental group part of the event host committee, that's what it's all about. "Over the past year, we've seen an increase in serious and injury fatal crashes" among cyclists. He said his goal is "to make sure that mobility and transportation are discussed as the candidates are vying to become mayors."
A West Side resident asked how the candidates plan to "promote healthy housing and expand access to home repair programs."
Kucinich, former Cleveland mayor and U.S. congressman, said he plans to create programs to help fund "new houses particularly for low and moderate income people." Jones, Ward 7 councilman, said he wants to address "each issue house by house."
An East Side resident asked what candidates proposed about Cleveland's recycling program, which ended in 2020.
Bibb said he will bring back the recycling program "because every resident in the city deserves that level of high-quality basic city services."
Dibello, a Cleveland attorney, said, "I think it goes beyond recycling. We want to put more trash cans throughout the city [because] not everything is recyclable, and we've got too much litter."
A number of residents addressed climate change and asked how candidates will improve air quality for Clevelanders. Throughout the evening, candidates agreed on adding more tree coverage in the city.
Dibello said that "planting a lot of trees" would be a good place to start. He wants to "attack car culture" and encourage residents to embrace public transportation.
Coalition partners have created the Cleveland Environmental Resident Engagement Toolkit, an educational guide intended to help residents engage with city leaders and mayoral candidates about environmental issues as the election ramps up. Although the coalition of environmental and policy groups have no further plans for addressing environmental issues with candidates ahead of the Nov. 2 election, they will continue to educate the community and local leaders.
"It's an ongoing education piece so making sure that the candidates continue to hear about the issues in the policy platform, the issues … in the forum and make sure that if they're elected they're ready to go on day one to put into practice some changes that need to be made," VanSickle said.
Kelly Krabill is a journalism major at Kent State University and an intern with the NewsLab at KSU and The Land.
Kelly Krabill
By Lee Chilcote ● Civic Engagement ● January 25, 2023 January 24, 2023
Slavic Village resident Odetta Fields saw that people in her neighborhood were struggling, and she founded the Southeast Cleveland Resource Center to connect people with…
By Jonathan Beard ● Development ● January 19, 2023 January 21, 2023
Following the April 2022 closing of the Dave's Market on Lakeshore Blvd. and the property's September sale, the former grocery store sits vacant.
Cleveland has a $3.5M plan for replacing Public Square's ugly jersey barriers, but some question need and cost
By Lee Chilcote ● Transportation ● January 18, 2023 January 19, 2023
The proposed Public Square re-do would also introduce sharrows for bike and bus traffic and would introduce pedestrian safety measures.


text:
package com.airhacks.domain;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import javax.validation.constraints.Past;
import javax.validation.constraints.Size;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringStyle;

import com.airhacks.validation.Email;

public class Customer {

    @NotNull @Size(min = 2)
    private String firstName;
    private String lastName;
    @Email
    private String email;
    private String phoneNumber;
    @Past
    private Date dateOfBirth;
    private Address deliveryAddress;

    public Customer(String firstName, String lastName, String email, String phoneNumber, Date dateOfBirth, Address deliveryAddress) {
	this.firstName = firstName;
	this.lastName = lastName;
	this.email = email;
	this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber;
	this.dateOfBirth = dateOfBirth;
	this.deliveryAddress = deliveryAddress;
    }

    public String getFirstName() {
	return firstName;
    }

    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
	this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
	return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
	this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
	return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
	this.email = email;
    }

    public String getPhoneNumber() {
	return phoneNumber;
    }

    public void setPhoneNumber(String phoneNumber) {
	this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber;
    }

    public Date getDateOfBirth() {
	return dateOfBirth;
    }

    public void setDateOfBirth(Date dateOfBirth) {
	this.dateOfBirth = dateOfBirth;
    }

    public Address getDeliveryAddress() {
	return deliveryAddress;
    }

    public void setDeliveryAddress(Address deliveryAddress) {
	this.deliveryAddress = deliveryAddress;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
	return ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(this, ToStringStyle.SHORT_PREFIX_STYLE);
    }

}


Override this function to handle additional registry options.
You should implement this function to call back to NCExtrapolationModule::AddEventToExtrapolations.
Don't add MC because LoadExtrapolationsFile!="".
Adds MC chains to the MC spectra and data chains to the data spectra.
Definition at line 145 of file NCEventAdder.h.
Definition at line 426 of file NCEventAdder.cxx.
Definition at line 432 of file NCEventAdder.cxx.
Definition at line 451 of file NCEventAdder.cxx.
Definition at line 479 of file NCEventAdder.cxx.
References NCExtrapolationModule::AddEventToExtrapolations(), LoopRunLimitHelper::AreDone(), ANtpHeaderInfo::dataType, det, ANtpHeaderInfo::detector, NCEventInfo::FillFromChain(), NC::EventAdderBase::fRunLimitFarData, NC::EventAdderBase::fRunLimitFarMC, NC::EventAdderBase::fRunLimitNearData, NC::EventAdderBase::fRunLimitNearMC, NCEventInfo::header, kData, Msg::kError, kFar, kMC, kNear, MSG, and NC::EventAdderBase::ReportOnEventInfo().
Definition at line 438 of file NCEventAdder.cxx.
Definition at line 167 of file NCEventAdder.h.
Referenced by AddEvents(), and Config().


Eliza Dunmar is about to turn thirty-one and fears her best days are behind her. As a Latter-day Saint, she'll soon be too old to attend church in a singles ward, her career as a painter is no longer considered cool, and she feels too old to use the excuse that she's "just starting out" to explain why she still can't pay the bills. The only man interested in her is a scruffy, video game addicted nerd who is the first to admit that they are all wrong for each other.
When her beloved Aunt Nora calls from England and begs her to visit, Eliza leaps at the chance. Even better? Nora had the perfect romance with her late husband and is eager to share the tale. As Eliza sets out to immortalize this courtship in a series of paintings, she learns a lesson that will change her outlook on life and love forevermore.
This is not my favorite book by this author, but I still enjoyed reading it. Not quite the typical love story-- I definitely thought it would go a different direction-- but was pleasantly surprised by the way it turned out. Self examination, what really matters in life, understanding people on a deeper level, including yourself. A fairly quick feel good read.


Torch office system established name in industry as manufacturer and supplier of Director Chairs offering wide range of products. Our showrooms are located in Lahore, Islamabad and Karachi. We also offer a wide range of Office Chairs products including Executive Chairs, Director Chairs, Staff Chairs, Visitors Chairs, Study Chairs and Office Chairs Accessories.


That is just the reality of being a marginalized person in this country: you have to deal with the psychological impact of your oppressor - whether that's being a woman dealing with men or gay people dealing with straight people or trans people dealing with everybody else.
Liberals tend to be much more concerned about business and corporations as the oppressors. They look to government as the solution. On the Right it's the opposite. They see business as good, as what generates wealth in society, and they see government as the oppressor, which makes it hard for especially small businesspeople.


text:
Home Storage Solar pricing: China vs. US
Solar pricing: China vs. US
Stephen Lacey
Armed with tens of billions in loans from the Chinese government, Chinese solar companies have scaled at a rate unthinkable only a few years ago. At the end of this year, there will likely be 50,000MW of manufacturing capacity in place around the world, with much of that new capacity being developed in China and other Asian countries.
September 15, 2011 — Armed with tens of billions in loans from the Chinese government, Chinese solar companies have scaled at a rate unthinkable only a few years ago. At the end of this year, there will likely be 50,000MW of solar manufacturing capacity in place around the world, with much of that new capacity being developed in China and other Asian countries. (In the year 2000, there was only 100 MW of production capacity world-wide.)
In four years, the solar manufacturing sector shifted from being led by a geographically dispersed number of companies to one dominated by Chinese companies. In 2006, there were two companies from China in the list of top-ten cell producers. In 2010, there were six, according to Bloomberg New Energy Finance. There are currently only two non-Asian manufacturers in the top ten, and those companies — First Solar and Q-Cells — have shifted a lot of their production to Asia.
So what happened? How did the Chinese come to completely dominate the solar industry in such a short period of time?
Bryan Ashley, the Chief Marketing Officer for Suniva, an American company that produces high-efficiency solar cells in Georgia, doesn?t mince words.
?The Chinese strategy is very clear. They are engaging in predatory financing and they?re trying to drive everybody else out of the market. When you?ve got free money you can out-dump everybody below cost,? Ashley said in an interview with Climate Progress.
That ?free money? Ashley refers to is the cheap debt provided by the Chinese Development Bank (CDB). Here?s how the CDB works its magic:
The CDB was originally set up as a ?policy bank,? to operate as an arm of the Chinese central government, doling out public funding to support central government development programs. Now it is a ?joint stock company with limited liability? that often reports to China?s national cabinet on certain policy issues. This allows the Chinese government to get involved in CDB activities and direct loans toward projects officials want to support.
Unlike most regular commercial banks, CDB raises most of its money via long-term bonds. Funders cannot take that money back out until the term is up, so the bank can make longer-term loans to Chinese companies. CDB also gives borrowers very low interest rates, and, if the borrower cannot pay back the loan, it may be back-stopped by the Chinese government.
This makes it easier, cheaper and a lot less risky for solar companies to obtain financing.
In 2010 alone, the bank handed out $30 billion in low-cost loans to the top five manufacturers in the country. [See chart above.] This has enabled China?s solar producers to grow to GW-scale in a very short period of time, turning the country into a leading exporter of solar and pushing down prices dramatically.
From a project development perspective, those steep price drops are a very good thing. But manufacturers trying to make product outside of China and other Asian countries are getting hit hard.
?Free money is impossible to compete with,? said Ashley. ?Even when global demand went down they were able to keep producing, producing, producing,? said Ashley. ?And now they?re dumping. If something isn?t done, there will be no American product left on the market.?
Allegations of solar panel dumping have been made before in Europe and the U.S., but they have never been proven. In 2009, Suntech CEO Shi Zengrong explained in a conference call that his company was selling panels below marginal costs. But he reversed his statement shortly after, saying he misunderstood the reporter?s question.
With Chinese producers in a far more dominant position than in 2009 and a slew of solar manufacturing facility closures announced in the U.S. in recent months, concerns about dumping have resurfaced. Oregon Senator Ron Wyden recently sent a letter to President Obama asking him to investigate whether or not Chinese companies are selling product below cost in order to push American producers out of the market. He also called on the administration to implement a trade tariff on Chinese modules:
Letting that happen is unacceptable. Please know that if your administration is unwilling to take the appropriate steps, with haste, I will advance a legislative effort, as provided by the U.S. trade remedy laws, to ensure that the American solar industry is not harmed by unfair trade.
Wyden?s letter comes after the high-profile bankruptcies of American solar manufacturers Solyndra and Evergreen. While a variety of technological and market-based factors contributed to the demise of these companies, the Chinese competition ? driven by cheap, easy debt ? played a central role.
Remarkably, even with all the pressure from China, the U.S. is a net exporter of solar products to the country. A new report issued by GTM Research and the Solar Energy Industries Association shows that America had a $247 million solar trade surplus with China in 2010, mostly because of polysilicon and equipment shipments.
?Yeah, that?s great. But we?re just sending the raw materials and buying back the finished goods,? explained Suniva?s Bryan Ashley. ?That?s a going-out-of-business strategy. Pretty soon they?ll figure out how to produce quality polysilicon and they?ll be doing it all themselves. We need to re-learn how to make things in this country.?
Ashley would like to see a Buy America provision for certain installation programs and investigation into the dumping issue.
But rather than engage in trade battles, GTM Research?s Director of Solar Shayle Kann believes that America needs to put its focus on technological innovation. Testifying in front of the House Natural Resources Committee yesterday, Kann explained the strategy:
It will be difficult for the U.S. to compete with China at its own game — namely, high-volume manufacturing of a commoditized product — given the cost advantages available for Chinese manufacturing. However, the U.S. can and should continue to develop and commercialize innovative technologies that offer lower costs than traditional panels. These new technologies are generally proprietary, require a more skilled labor force, and are difficult to duplicate.
Suniva could be considered part of this category. Using a unique cell design, the company has created a high-efficiency mono-crystalline solar cell that could compete with SunPower. But with all the cheap debt that the Chinese government is throwing at domestic companies, Suniva is finding it increasingly tough to stay in the U.S.
?If something isn?t done, no one will be making solar PV in the U.S.,? said Ashley.
The situation is a difficult one. China?s domestic efforts are helping drop the price of solar at an astonishing pace ? something that everyone in the solar industry wants. But it?s also making it extraordinarily difficult for American solar manufacturers to compete.
The United States invented the modern solar cell over a half century ago. As China continues to boost domestic solar companies, the American solar industry will be asking some hard questions about how — and if — solar manufacturing can ever make it in a big way in the U.S.
Melanie Hart, Policy Analyst for Chinese Energy and Climate Policy at the Center for American Progress contributed to this report.
This article was originally published by Climate Progress and was reprinted with permission.
Stephen Lacey is a reporter with ClimateProgress.org, a blog published by the Center for American Progress. He is a former editor and producer for RenewableEnergyWorld.com, where this column appears. Visit his author page at /content/rew/en/authors/l-p/stephenlacey.html
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Since 2006, we've delivered innovative and refreshing health and social care services to millions of people by developing our own unique approach where our patients are at the centre of everything we do. And right now, we're looking for GP to join our Silver End Surgery in Witham, Essex, to help us continue to change things for the better.
Silver End, like all of our practices is a non-partner based practice. So, if you want to deliver high quality, evidence based, patient-centred care, then we will support you and help you do what you do best – which is caring for your patients.
So, how do we reward you for your hard work? Well, we can offer a salary of up to £105,000 per annum (d.o.e.) and access to the NHS pension, inclusion on our corporate medical indemnity insurance with the Medical Defence Union, lots of training and development, great perks including being part of the Virgin Tribe giving access to exclusive offers as well as discounts on Virgin products and services including 40% off Virgin Trains! All this and flexible working patterns that can help anyone perfect their work/life balance.