This species is accepted, and its native range is Africa to Indian Subcontinent.
A shrub usually up to 4 m. or a bushy tree up to 8 m. high; branchlets angular, fulvous-tomentellous to subglabrous when young, glabrescent, often cream becoming grey or brown and lenticellate with age.
Leaves opposite, subopposite or alternate; petiole 0.3–1.0(1.5) cm. long usually with some long pale hairs; lamina 3–9 x 1.0–4.5 cm., narrowly obovate to elliptic, rarely oblanceolate, with minute bulbous-based appressed or slightly ascending hairs and sometimes with scattered white bristles to subglabrous but often dotted with groups of cystoliths above, with minute bulbous-based hairs appressed in all directions or pubescent to subglabrous but usually with dense long hairs on the axils of the secondary nerves and along the midrib (sometimes not much evident) below, obtuse to rounded and sometimes retuse at apex, acute to obtuse and often slightly asymmetrical at base, margins entire to crenate or serrate to the upper half, papery to leathery, greyish-green or yellowish-green, with 5–7 secondary nerves on each side of the midrib.
Panicle 1.5–6.0 cm. long, little-branched, terminal or axillary; rhachis and branches minutely fulvous-tomentose with scattered long pale hairs to pubescent, often glabrescent.
Flowers male on pedicels 0.5–1.5 mm. long.
Calyx 4–5 mm. long, narrowly campanulate, irregularly 3–5-toothed, pubescent or minutely fulvous-tomentose outside, strigose inside.
Corolla white, glabrous; tube 2.5–4.0 mm. long, cylindrical; lobes 4, 3.0–4.0 x 1.2–2.0 mm., oblong to narrowly obovate, rounded at apex, reflexed.
Stamens 4, inserted at the corolla-throat; filaments 2–3 mm. long, glabrous; anthers c. 1.5 mm. long, oblong.
Ovary c. 2 mm. long, ovoid, glabrous; style 5–7 mm. long, first-forked at 2.0–2.5 mm. and with stigmatic branches 2–3 mm. long, clavate.
Fruit 12–15 x 8–11 mm., ovoid or ellipsoid, apiculate, glabrous, yellow, orange or reddish when ripe, surrounded at the lower third by the widely enlarged, usually cream, campanulate calyx; mesocarp fleshy; pyrene c. 8 x 7 mm., ± rhomboidal or quadrangular in cross section, 1–3 seeded.
Tangled shrub or usually a spreading often several-stemmed tree 3–10(–12) m. tall; young stems ridged, slightly pubescent; young bark pale, smooth but later brownish grey or yellowish brown to almost black, densely longitudinally fissured and very rough; innovations often ± velvety, fawn-coloured.
Leaf-blades typically narrowly oblong-elliptic or oblanceolate to oblanceolate-obovate, mostly rather longer than in species 16, 1.5–11 cm. long, 0.6–4 cm. wide, rounded at the apex, rounded to cuneate at the base, entire or crenate near apex or rarely crenate all round, glabrous to pubescent and sometimes slightly scabrid above, nearly always with longer hairs in the nerve-axils and along the midrib beneath; occasionally somewhat asperous on both surfaces; petiole distinctly developed, up to 1.3(–1.8) cm. long.
Flowers sweet-scented in rather laxer panicles than in species 16, 6.5 × 7 cm.; peduncles and secondary axes up to 1.5–3 cm. long; pedicels 2 mm. long. Female:corolla-lobes 3–4 mm. long, 1.3–1.5 mm. wide; filaments 2.2 mm. long; style 2.5 mm. long with branches 2 mm. long and stigmatic branches 2–4 mm. long. Male:corolla-lobes oblong, 4.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; filaments exserted 3.5 mm.
Calyx glabrous to pubescent outside; tube cylindric-campanulate, 4–4.2 mm. long including 0.5–1 mm. long low rounded lobes.
Corolla creamy white; tube 5 mm. long.
Male:corolla-lobes oblong, 4.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; filaments exserted 3.5 mm.
Female:corolla-lobes 3–4 mm. long, 1.3–1.5 mm. wide; filaments 2.2 mm. long; style 2.5 mm. long with branches 2 mm. long and stigmatic branches 2–4 mm. long.
Fruit yellow, orange or bright red, 0.7–1.3 cm. long, 7–9 mm. wide, mucilaginous and edible.
Mainly riverine, in tree belt or tangled scrub, sometimes in scrub and open thorn-bush of Acacia, Commiphora, etc. subject to inundation, ground-water forest; 0–1800 m.
A shrub or small tree up to 16 ft.
Ovoid, pointed fruits on a saucer-shaped calyx.
Cordia cuneata B.Heyne ex A.DC.
Martins in Flora Zambesiaca 7(4): 69 (1990), pro parte.
Warfa, Nordic Journ. Bot. 9: 649, figs. 1,2 (1990).
Täckh., Student's Fl. Egypt, ed. 2: 436, t. 152 (1974).
Meikle in Israel Journ. Bot. 20: 22 (1971).
Heine in Adansonia, sér. 2, 8: 186 (1968).
I.M. Johnston in Journ. Arn. Arb. 32: 11 (1951).
Poir. in Encycl. Méth. Bot. 7: 49 (1806).
Lam., Tab. Encycl. 1:423 (1792).


UPDATE: TMZ reports that Ariana Grande attempted to meet up with Pete Davidson at 30 Rock on Saturday, but he refused to see her.
When Kanye West and Drake engaged in their latest Twitter war, Ariana Grande chimed in with a remark that pointed out the pettiness of their sparring vs. her own more productive plans (releasing a single). West clapped back, zinging Ariana for allegedly mocking his mental health to promote a song, a response which did not sit well with her.
She responded, "With all due respect, i don't need to use anyone to promote anything. period. i was making a comment ab what men were doing at the time vs. women. it was a joke which i understand now was probably insensitive." She apologized for "triggering" West's mental health and wished him well, but soon after, her ex, Pete Davidson, chimed in — and that's where things got dark.
Davidson wrote, "Bravo Kanye West for standing up for yourself and speaking out against mental health. I can't explain to you enough how difficult and scary it is to be honest about stuff like this. We need people like Kanye. No one should ever point fingers at you for your bravery in speaking about mental health. I'm seriously disgusted."
He went on to post an image of a note proclaiming, "I really don't want to be on this earth anymore. I'm doing my best to stay here for you but I actually don't know how much longer I can last. All I've ever tried to do was help people. Just remember I told you so."
Ariana immediately replied, "man i'm so sorry i told a dumb joke. i really didn't mean any harm. all i want everyone to be healthy and happy. so desperately. please. my god." She also promised, "I'm downstairs and I'm not going anywhere if you need anyone or anything. I know u have everyone u need and that's not me, but i'm here too."
As other celebs weighed in, it was reported that Davidson was safe at the "SNL" rehearsal.
Davidson has since deleted his Instagram.


Henryetta's fledgling high school wrestling program held the final home dual Tuesday night losing to Warner in the final two weights.
During the evening, HHS seniors Jordan Hart and Ethan Wincle were honored. This is the first year the pair were on the mats for the Knights.
Henryetta iwll be heading to McAlester Jan. 25 then travelling to Holland Hall high school for the final two duals of the season.


We offer you a carefully selected range of the best women's inline skates available, whether you're a beginner, intermediate or advanced skater. We have been selling inline skates for years so can give expert product knowledge and advice If you're just starting out or have already learnt to skate we have well priced skates designed to offer support and comfort whilst cruising through the parks, good entry point brands are bladerunner and sfr. If you've already got the basics and feel comfortable and you are maybe someone who wants to commute through the city streets or along the sea front, we have great spec skates that can withstand hard skating from K2, Rollerblade and Powerslide. For the more advanced skater who wants to try some slalom or free skating we have robust and fully customisable skates and powerblades from Seba. Many of the intermediate and advanced women's inline skates that we supply are custom fit for ladies, with a lower cut boot that has been ergonomically designed to offer more comfort to your calf and ankle.


The Sideling Hill is a long, steep, narrow mountain ridge that runs north to south across western Maryland in Washington County, in the United States. For many centuries, this mountain had blocked the path of many travellers who wished to go from Maryland to northeast West Virginia and vice versa. Travellers had to decide whether they wanted to go around it or over it, but both routes being treacherous, resulted in many mishaps.
A syncline is a fold in which the strata on either side dip inward toward the axis. Such folding resulted from the enormous compressional stresses developed in the Earth's crust by the collision of the North American and African continents. The 100-meter-deep cut, located on Interstate 68, about 11 km (7 miles) west of Hancock, is considered one of the best rock exposures in the United States. It provides an excellent outdoor classroom where students of geology can observe and examine various sedimentary rock types, structural features, and geomorphic relationships. A walkway over the highway and steps leading to the rock formations allow students and visitors alike to take a closer look.
The road cut exposes almost 250 meters of tightly folded syncline formed during the early Mississippian Period, about 330 to 345 million years ago. The various layers and colors of rock make large U-shapes up the side of the cut, and consist of sandstones, silt stones, mud rocks, conglomerates, shale and even coal. Some fossils, mainly plant remains and some marine invertebrate shell casts, were also found at Sideling Hill.
Previously, there was a four-story exhibit center near the road cut, where interactive displays, hands-on exhibits, photographs, graphics, maps and descriptions told the geologic history of Sideling Hill and this part of Western Maryland. The exhibit center was closed in 2009 due to state budget cut.


text:
Marie Osmond 'didn't even watch The Talk's season premiere show as she enjoys cross country RV trip with husband'
Emma Parry
Published: 14:55 ET, Sep 23 2020
Updated: 21:56 ET, Sep 30 2020
OUSTED Marie Osmond did not even watch the premiere of The Talk's latest season - because she was too busy enjoying an RV road trip across the US, a source has revealed.
The star didn't tune in to see her former co-hosts pay tribute to her leaving the show because "she has made a conscious effort to forget and move on", the insider said.
Marie was fired from the show after one season Credit: Getty Images - Getty
Instead, the singer joined husband Stephen Craig on a road trip around the US in a luxury trailer - and the show "has been the last thing on her mind".
The couple apparently got the RV bug when taking daughter Abigail to college from their Utah home.
Since then, they have enjoyed breaks and trips on the road to "enjoy being with one another away from home and switching off from work'' the insider said.
Marie's exit from The Talk was revealed exclusively by The Sun earlier this month.
Sharon said she'd welcome Marie back to the show Credit: CBS
Marie is busy enjoying road trips with her husband Stephen CraigCredit: Instagram
Then on Monday, former co-host Sharon Osbourne told viewers she "hopes" Marie comes back on the show, despite the former co-host getting fired after just one season.
A TV source told The Sun: "Marie did not skip a beat thinking about the show coming back, because she and Steve have been on a late summer set of road trips and RV vacations around the US.
"They took their daughter to college by RV as a fun family bonding adventure, rather than flying, and got the road bug.
"Since then, they have been hitting the highways visiting fun places and tourist spots in the Rocky Mountains, north western and midwest America.
"The Talk has been the last thing on Marie's mind. When she was let go, all the behind the scenes drama, was something she made a conscious effort to forget and move on.
The show is apparently the last thing on Marie's mind Credit: Getty Images - Getty
Marie's co-hosts said they'd welcome her back on the show Credit: Getty Images - Getty
"This trip has been like a second honeymoon for Marie and Steve.
"And quite frankly while the hosts made their supportive comments about her departure, her friends feel that she is better off away from that studio.
"She will not badmouth her co-stars or the show, because she sees her season as a learning experience. It is not in her nature or strong Christian values to blow anything up in public.
"People forget she has gone through some tough times and much more challenging trials than this. Put simply - it is done.
"And she has already been approached by another TV network for a program idea alongside her working on a new album and Las Vegas show."
Asked if she would accept Sharon's offer of being welcomed back on to the show, the source said: "You cannot rule it out. But I am not sure how that would go."
Marie with her former co-host Sheryl Underwood and guest Blake SheltonCredit: Getty Images - Getty
Sources told The Sun earlier this month that Marie felt like an "outsider" at the table.
Monday's Season 11 premiere on CBS saw the remaining four hosts – Sharon, Carrie Ann Inaba, Sheryl Underwood and Eve – talking about their summers and how happy they are to be back on the show.
After a few minutes of catching up with one another – Carrie Ann and Sheryl in-studio and Sharon and Eve virtually – the topic turned to Marie.
Carrie Ann told the audience at home: "We are truly, truly just so happy to be back in-studio. As you can see, though, Marie is not here.
"After being part of The Talk last season, Marie has moved on and is focusing on a number of personal and professional projects of her own."
Season 11 of The Talk premiered on Monday Credit: CBS
That's when Sharon jumped in to add: "And you know what, I can't wait – all of us can't wait – to see her in her next project, and I hope she comes back on this show to talk about it."
Her co-hosts clapped for that response, with Eve adding on an "absolutely, absolutely."
Sources said Marie was "not surprised" to get the boot from the show because at times "it was four versus one" as Marie discussed the day's top topics with the others.
And there was a "sense she was never loved as much" as the woman she replaced, original show creator Sara Gilbert.
Osmond posted a picture of herself with her husband in Colorado on August 27.
She captioned the snap "Happy birthday to my sweetheart! We got the youngest kids off to college and decided to spend some together time enjoying God's beautiful earth."
Marie Osmond sips wine at solo dinner as The Talk and Sharon Osbourne are 'the last things on her mind' after firing

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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MLS #: 18-12735
Address: 649 S GALLATIN RD, Post Falls, Idaho 83854
Property Type: Residential, Site Built > 2 Acres
Bedrooms: 3.00
Apx Lot Acres: 4.36
Listing courtesy of Lakeshore Realty
Kristy Norman | (208) 660-3515
Address: 3354 E Hayden View Dr, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 83815
Property Type: Residential, Site Built < 2 Acre
Melissa Heinen | (208) 659-2085
Julie Clark | (208) 755-2000
Address: 504 S 17TH ST, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 83814
Anne Anderson | (208) 660-4621
Address: 1621 E Lost Ave, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 83814
Address: 456 Akre Drive, Blanchard, Idaho 83804
Tammie Houston | (208) 640-4523
Address: 85 Outrigger Dr, Sagle, Idaho 83860
Cindy Sweeney | (208) 665-2443
Address: 517 W MILWAUKEE DR, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 83814
Property Type: MultiFamily, Multi Family
Address: NNA Scenic Bay , Bayview, Idaho 83803
Property Type: Vacant Land, Vacant Lot < 1 Acre
Address: 328 E JEFFREY PINE LN, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 83815
Property Type: Residential, Condo
Address: 255 S LOWER CRYSTAL BAY RD, Post Falls, Idaho 83854
Michael More | (208) 763-5513
Address: 1124 N 15TH ST, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 83814
Address: Lot 2 Eric's Haven , Priest River, Idaho 83856
Property Type: Vacant Land, Waterfront
Nancy Hagarty | (208) 946-1480
Richard Schultz | (208) 512-9262
Address: 31775 Middle Ave, Spirit Lake, Idaho 83869
Shannon Frank | (208) 771-0987
Address: 5973 W MALLORY RD, Rathdrum, Idaho 83858
Address: 2071 W HAMPSON AVE, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 83815
Karen Zande | (208) 661-1686
Address: 3406 N 4TH ST, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 83815
Janice Marie Carr | (208) 661-4280
Address: 3676 S North Cape Road, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 83814
Property Type: Vacant Land, 1 - 10 Acres
Address: 695 S MAJESTIC VIEW DR, Post Falls, Idaho 83854
Address: South Napili Road, Harrison, Idaho 83833
Property Type: Vacant Land, Waterfront Secondary
Gail Hewett | (208) 966-4218
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Address: E Upper Hayden Lake Rd, Hayden Lake, Idaho 83835
Address: 2092 W OXFORD CIR, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 83815
Property Type: Residential, Manufactured, Leased Land
Address: Lt7 Reflection Ridge , Bayview, Idaho 83803
Address: L14 Blk C Glacier Loop Road, Bayview, Idaho 83803
Last updated on 07-17-2019. Equal housing opportunity provider. MLS IDX Data is provided by the Coeur d'Alene Multiple Listing Service. IDX information is provided exclusively for consumers' personal, non-commercial use, that it may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing, and the data is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed accurate by the MLS or this Agent/Agency. Cookies are used on this site to improve the user's experience. PropertySignal™ Copyright 2014-2019 Seltice Systems LLC


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Microsoft: Desktop apps will run on Windows 8 on ARM
Windows 8 Metro-style apps and Desktop apps are going to offer two different experiences. But both kinds of apps are going to be available on both x86/x64 and ARM PCs and tablets.
Posted in All About Microsoft on September 19, 2011 | Topic: Enterprise Software
I've heard numerous folks who attended Build in person and/or via Webcasts say that there will be no Desktop app experience when Windows 8 ships on PCs and tablets running on ARM processors. Until today, I thought the same. But this is not correct.
Microsoft officials have been saying for months that existing x86 applications won't just run on Windows on ARM; they will need to be recompiled. Microsoft is hoping and expecting that the majority of devs will go to the trouble of "Metro-izing" their apps while they are recompiling them to run on Windows 8 on ARM. However, that is guidance, and not a requirement.
I saw a screen shot of the Win 8 ARM tablets being shown at Build that was sporting a Desktop tile over at ThisIsMyNext. It looks just like the Start screen on Windows 8 on the Intel i5-based Samsung tablets given to Build attendees (a screen shot of which is below, courtesy of my ZDNet colleague Ed Bott). Tapping the Desktop tile/accessing the Desktop "app" takes a user to the classic Windows mode.
This is NOT a temporary thing. The user interface (with the desktop mode as well as Metro) is going to be consistent across both X86 and ARM infrastructures. To repeat, the Desktop tile and experience will exist on both Windows 8 on x86/x64 and ARM hardware when Windows 8 is out (presumably next year).
Part of the reason for all this confusion is Windows 8's terminology, in my opinion. The "Desktop App" in Windows 8 is the classic Windows 7 mode. Not all Metro-style apps are going to be consumer apps, nor are all business/enterprise apps going to run in the Desktop App mode. Business apps -- whether they're written in HTML5/JavaScript or in C++, C#, Visual Basic and/or using XAML -- can adopt the Metro look and feel. And consumer apps can technically be Windows 8 Desktop apps.
Microsoft officials are still not saying definitively whether only Metro-style apps will be featured in the coming Windows 8 store, or if Desktop apps will be downloadable from that store, too. My understanding, post-Build, was that Desktop applications would not be physically downloadable (or Microsoft security-certified, like Metro-style apps will be) from the Windows Store. Instead, Desktop Apps would be available via links in the store, but purchasable directly from the developers' own sites, according to show scuttlebutt.
Microsoft isn't commenting on this or clarifying this issue (I asked).
Update: My understanding was correct. Even though Microsoft wouldn't comment, a reader pointed me to the session on the Microsoft Store from Build with clarification on this topic. (Starts at around the 35 minute mark in the video). According to that information, Metro apps are protected by an account-based (not a machine based) licensing model that is limited to a set number of machines (5) . Users will be able to access app trials, buy/download Metro-style apps, license them, have them serviced through the Store.
But according to session presenter Ted Dworkin, a Partner Director of Program Management on the Windows Web Services team, Desktop apps will be able to be promoted -- if they "meet our Desktop App certification requirements" -- and will be discoverable via the Windows 8 store. Windows 8 Desktop Apps will be neither licensable nor downloadable (i.e., able to take advantage of the Windows 8 "fulfillment service") from the Store. Instead, Microsoft will only provide a link to the Windows Store for Desktop Apps on Windows 8 on x86/x64 and ARM.
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Q: match case unused in OCaml I want to build a list of type (char, 'a list) list where each char is an upper case letter of the alphabet. I'am getting a warning Warning 11: this match case is unused. for the second match case on get_list. I did some prints on the first case and found out len get's there with value 0, so it never uses the second case. What's happening?
let rec get_list abc i len =
  match i with
  | len -> []
  | _ -> ((String.get abc i), [])::get_list abc (i + 1) len

in

let rec print_list l =
  match l with
  | [] -> ()
  | h::t -> print_char(fst h);print_list t
in

let abc = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" in
let abc_l = get_list abc 0 (String.length abc) in
print_list abc_l;;

A: The reason it doesn't work
When you write
match i with
  | len -> []
  | _ -> ["..."]

len is a generic pattern, which hasn't anything to do with the len define above. In a pattern matching you define only how the variable should look like, you describe it's general "structure", the variable names are used to name the differents parts of the pattern matching, and are new variables. For example with lists you can do:
match my_list with
  | [x,y,z] -> x+y+z
  | x :: r  -> x + (List.length r)
  | anything_else -> List.length anything_else

When you put '_' it's only a convention to say "I don't mind which value it is, I don't need it". Here is another example with tuples:
match my_tuple with
  | (a,b) -> a+b

A solution : conditionnal pattern matching
If you want to put condition in a pattern matching you can use the when keyword :
match i with
  | n when n = len -> []
  | _ -> ["..."]

Another example that "sort" a tuple:
match my_tuple with
  | (a,b) when a>b -> (a,b)
  | (a,b)          -> (b,a)

Or just use conditions with integers :
if i = len then []
else ["..."]

You can also note that you can do pattern matching within functions :
let f (a,b) = a+b

A: The len in your pattern is a new variable introduced by the pattern. As a pattern, its meaning is that it will match anything at all. Thus, the next pattern _ will never match.
As @AlexanderRevyakin says, this new variable len is hiding the parameter that's also named len.
It is not the case that the len in your pattern represents the value of the parameter len. OCaml patterns contain only new variables (to which pieces of the matched value are bound) and constants. They don't contain expressions that are evaluated at run time. For that you want to use if/then/else (as @AntonTrunov points out).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
FEG AP-9
Notes: This pistol was originally called the Model 48, but this name was later given to the Hungarian version of the Tokarev. It was then called the Walam, and intended for sale to the Egyptians, but no such sales were made and this name was also dropped. The AP-9 (also known as the "Attila" Pistol in the West, for reasons I have yet to find out) was introduced in 1951, and was sold largely to Eastern European civilians except for some minor sales to the Hungarian Police. The action is quite similar to the Walther PP and PPK, though the appearance is different, and the frame is normally aluminum ally, with a steel slide.
The AP-9 is the larger model; a smaller version was also made, the APK-9. The AP-9 is primarily designed for sale to civilians; the APK-9 is also sold primarily to civilians, though some Hungarian undercover police also use it, primarily in .380 ACP. The PA-63 version (also known as the AP-63) was, until Hungary's entry into NATO, one of the standard sidearms of the Hungarian military; they have now been declared surplus and are being sold on the civilian market. These PA-63s have generally had their original anodized black finish removed and re-finished in the standard AP finish of bright metal for the frame and blued slide. The PA-63 is a compact pistol, basically an APK-9 chambered for the 9mm Makarov cartridge. These weapons are still being manufactured, with almost no changes from their original design. The R-61 is a smaller version of the PA-63, intended for issue to high-ranking military officers and certain police units; the RL-61 is the same pistol in a rimfire chambering. Though it at first glance appears to be an original design, the R-61 is in fact a highly-modified Walther PPK. The R-61 has a chopped barrel, the safety catch is moved to the front of the trigger guard, and the whole frame is scaled-down, but it is internally the same double-action blowback weapon as the PPK. It is a very light weapon that can be difficult to handle, despite the low-powered cartridge. Though some undercover police carry the Model R, most of these weapons were used for ladies self-defense, as they fit nicely into a purse.
APK-9
ROF
AP-9 (.32 ACP)
AP-9 (.380 ACP)
APK-9 (.32 ACP)
APK-9 (.380 ACP)
FEG FP-9
Notes: The FP-9 is a very close copy of the Browning HP-35 High-Power – in fact, the parts are close to 100-percent interchangeable. Originally introduced in 1982 as the FPg, it was not sold in large numbers in the West until 1990, at which point it was also renamed the FP-9. Sales to the West were slow at first, but sales to Western Europe picked in the mid-1990s, and then more rapidly when importation sped up to the US. Sales have primarily been to civilians, though there are some small police forces here and there using it.
The most obvious difference between the FP-9 and the HP-35 is the slide; the FP-9 has a low-profile ventilated sighting rib atop the slide. The sights (which are smaller than those of the HP-35) are mounted atop this rib, and the top surface of the rib itself has a cross-hatching pattern that quite effectively stops glare atop the sight line. The FP-9's slide itself has a slab-sided shape unlike the generally rounded shape of the HP-35's slide, and the FP-9's slide does not taper toward the muzzle like the slide of the HP-35. Other external differences include the use of a loop-type hammer instead the spur hammer of the current HP-35 (HP-35s actually did have a loop hammer until 1972). The FP-9 also has the original HP-35's undersized manual safety and the early HP-35's poorly-designed magazine safety. The FP-9's muzzle bushing is flush with muzzle, like early HP-35s. Otherwise, the FP-9 uses a dark glossy black finish, with light-colored checkered wood grip plates; barrel length is 4.65 inches.
There are a few variants of the FP-9. The P-9R (generally known as the PJK-9HP in export sales) uses a double-action trigger instead of the single-action trigger of the FP-9 – and the double-action trigger weight is quite heavy at about 11 pounds, which is about 4 pounds heavier than that of the HP-35. The P-9R has a tapered slide like an HP-35, and can be had with or without a sighting rib; in addition, P-9R-series pistols use rear sights which are dovetailed in instead of being permanently attached to the slide. The P-9R uses an extended muzzle bushing to help protect the muzzle, like later HP-35s. The P-9RA is identical to the P-9R, except for its aluminum-alloy frame. In an unusual marketing move, FEG also makes left-handed versions of the P-9R and P-9RA. The B-9R is a compact P-9R, with a 3.98-inch barrel and chambered for a smaller cartridge. The P-9L (or P-9L Sport) is a version of the P-9R with a longer 5.91-inch barrel, an adjustable micrometer sight, enlarged magazine release, and ergonomic rubber grips. The P-9M is an updated version of the P-9R, differing primarily in several ergonomic improvements to the controls, and identical to the P-9R for game purposes except for its weight. The P-9RK is a compact DAO version of the P-9, using a 4.13-inch barrel; the same weapon is available in .40 Smith & Wesson and called the P-40RK in that guise. A modified form of the P-9RK, the ACK (more commonly known by its export designation, the GKK-45, or less commonly, the ACK-45) is chambered for .45 ACP, and also uses a single-stack magazine, like the P-40RK does. The ACK also has a full-sized counterpart, the AC (or GK-45, or AC-45), with a 4.65-inch barrel. The P-9RZ is the smallest member of this family, with a 3.63-inch barrel, an abbreviated grip holding a shorter double-stack magazine, and rather tiny sights. The P-9RZ can also be switched from double-action to single-action firing mode; ambidextrous controls and DAO operation are both options. There is also a .40 Smith & Wesson version of the P-9RZ, called the P-40RZ. Many of the parts of the 9mm Parabellum versions of the P-9R series pistols are also interchangeable with those of the HP-35, but not as many as in the base FP-9.
Another pistol used by civilians as a plinking pistol and for self defense is the diminutive RL-61, and it is also popular in Eastern European with their police departments. It is essentially a rimfire version of the AP-9, firing rimfire ammunition. The loop-type hammer must be deliberately tripped; it cannot easily be hand-tripped, and normally trips during firing of cocking, though it can be thumb-cocked. A interesting maneuver (though difficult; roll Impossible: Dexterity to do successfully) that the RL-61 can do it that the shooter pull back the slide, hold the trigger down, then let the side and hammer do forwards; there will be an immediate shop. (I didn't say it was particularly interesting and useful…)
Twilight 2000 Notes: This is a rather rare weapon, but can be found in the hands of some Hungarian troops and police. The possession of one an FP-9 probably means the Hungarian soldier or police officer bought it himself. The P-9R and its fellow variants are rather rare in the Twilight 2000 timeline – and the P-9RK, P-40RK, AC, and ACK do not exist at all.
FP-9
9mm Parabellum
P-9R
P-9RA
B-9R
P-9L
P-9M
P-9RK
P-40RK
.40 Smith & Wesson
P-9RZ
P-40RZ
,22 Long Rifle
P-9R/P-9RA
FEG SMC-380
Notes: This pocket pistol is a smaller version of the FEG PMK-380 pistol. Like that pistol and the Model R, the SMC-380 is a modification of the Walther PP/PPK series. It is, however, smaller than the even the PPK, but has a surprising amount of power for such a small package. It is a backup weapon though, and not good beyond short range.
SMC-380
Frommer 1910
Notes: This pistol was designed in 1901, but a production version did not appear until 1910; it took that long because while Frommer saw promise in the pistol, it had a lot of bugs and Frommer did not put any priority in its development. The .32 version was produced primarily for civilians, with the .380 version meant primarily for undercover and bodyguard work.The M-1910 had distinctive looks, a bit blocky and heavy-looking (though it is not heavy), and a heavy, tapered barrel. It had a hammer centered at the rear of the slide. The M-1910 used recoil operation and was single-action. Grip plates are wooden and the finish is phosphate. The gun has a grip safety and a slide lock, but no manual safety. Barrel length is 3.94 inches.
Frommer 12M Stop
Notes: This is one of the few successful long recoil-operated pistols. Long recoil means that the barrel and the bolt recoil together for a fairly long distance and it is a very complicated operation, especially in a pistol. It also makes follow-up shots clumsy. The Stop, however, is a very reliable pistol, and remained in production for close to 20 years, and in service for almost 40. Most of them were chambered for .32 ACP; the .380 ACP version is quite rare.
The Frommer Baby is, as the name would indicate, a smaller version of the Stop. At first, it was produced in what we would call LRIP these days; it was produced in Budapest and the Austrian-Hungary government had less control over the Hungarian part of its empire, and Frommer was already producing the Roth-Steyr pistol. It has a 2.3-inch barrel and is a mere 122mm.; it of course has more muzzle flash and jump and less range. The grip length is the same for both versions, so the magazine capacity is less on the .380 version. This is basically a much smaller version of the Frommer 12M Stop pistol, built at the same time. It also operated on long recoil, but in such a small weapon, this meant that it was necessary to have two separate recoil springs, both of which were housed in a separate tunnel above the barrel.
Frommer 12M
Frommer Baby
Frommer 12M (.32)
Frommer 12M (.380)
Frommer Baby (.32)
Frommer Baby (.380)
Frommer 29M/37M
Notes: In the late 1920s, the Hungarian Army asked Rudolf Frommer to design a simpler weapon then the Stop. Frommer came up with the Model 29M, using simple blowback operation. It was a bit angular and could hurt the hands when fired, but it was also robust and reliable, and went into service in 1929. The Model 29M borrows heavily from the Browning M-1900 and M-1903, and includes a grip safety. In 1937 Frommer was asked to modify the design, and the Model 37M with more rounded contours and a slightly longer barrel was made. The Nazis also used the Model 37M after their takeover of Hungary, calling it the P-37(U). The Nazi version has German markings and a thumb safety catch on the slide.
Voros
Notes: Also called the Danuvia, this is an attempt to provide special operations forces with a high-capacity pistol. It is an unusual weapon using a helical-feed underbarrel magazine. The original design is based on the Uzi, but highly modified. The barrel is 5 inches – a decent pistol barrel length, but short for a weapon that is essentially a machine pistol. It is in service with the Hungarian Army and police, and has been sold on the civilian market. The Voros has only been seen officially in semiautomatic only, but an automatic version is rumored to be made for police and military use. Such a weapon is shown below.
Twilight 2000 Notes: Though a very rare weapon, the Voros does exist; it is usually found in automatic form in the Twilight 2000 World.
Merc 2000 Notes: The rumored automatic version exists in large quantities in the Merc 2000 World.
36 Helical


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So that to gain great knowledge about coffee, it is important to become a coffee connoisseur. Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world and ranks number two after tea. If you are among those people who have not been able to get hold of a coffee beverage, then you might be wondering why the world is obsessed with the beverage. If you want to give it a try, but you're not sure how to start off, then this is a great article for you. In this article, you will find more information about how to become a coffee connoisseur.
A coffee connoisseur is a person who is deeply interested in coffee and has greater knowledge about coffee than the average person. Coffee connoisseurs take their time to study the history of coffee, the various strains of coffee and other aspects of coffee so that to get more understanding of the beverage. You will realize that the coffee connoisseurs not only treasure the quality of their coffee but also appreciate the efforts made in making a great coffee beverage. From the history of coffee, it is widely accepted that it originated from the peer in the 15th century and spread the Arabian Peninsula where it was used more regularly. It then found its way in Europe where it was made a breakfast drink and later on arrived in both South America and North America and became a drink of choice for many people there.
It is important to note that you will find various coffee roast types which brings out the color, smell, and taste of the coffee beans. You will find that the typical classifications of roasted coffee beans include the light, medium or dark roast coffees. You should know that the light roasted coffees have sporting flavors, the medium trust coffees possess a mild flavor while the dark roast coffee has a bitter taste, and this is because they are roasted for a long period. You have an option of using ground coffee beans or whole coffee beans, but it is best to use the whole coffee beans because of their natural taste and flavor. If you want to become a coffee connoisseur, then it is important to know the typical coffee beverages that you will find which include the espresso, macchiato, latte, and cappuccino. If you have keenly gone through this article, then you are on the right way to becoming a coffee connoisseur. To find out more tips on how to become a coffee connoisseur, click here.


Animal 12 (2018)2. - ISSN 1751-7311 - p. 383 - 397.
The livestock sector is one of the fastest growing subsectors of the agricultural economy and, while it makes a major contribution to global food supply and economic development, it also consumes significant amounts of natural resources and alters the environment. In order to improve our understanding of the global environmental impact of livestock supply chains, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has developed the Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model (GLEAM). The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of GLEAM. Specifically, it explains the model architecture, methods and functionality, that is the types of analysis that the model can perform. The model focuses primarily on the quantification of greenhouse gases emissions arising from the production of the 11 main livestock commodities. The model inputs and outputs are managed and produced as raster data sets, with spatial resolution of 0.05 decimal degrees. The Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model v1.0 consists of five distinct modules: (a) the Herd Module; (b) the Manure Module; (c) the Feed Module; (d) the System Module; (e) the Allocation Module. In terms of the modelling approach, GLEAM has several advantages. For example spatial information on livestock distributions and crops yields enables rations to be derived that reflect the local availability of feed resources in developing countries. The Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model also contains a herd model that enables livestock statistics to be disaggregated and variation in livestock performance and management to be captured. Priorities for future development of GLEAM include: improving data quality and the methods used to perform emissions calculations; extending the scope of the model to include selected additional environmental impacts and to enable predictive modelling; and improving the utility of GLEAM output.
This development of the framework and approach for a Cumulative Effects Assessment (CEA) is based on a literature review. The literature identified some key challenges that need to be addressed for CEA to evolve into a consistent, appropriate tool to assist decision-making. These challenges included • A clear distinction of the receptor-led CEA from the dominating stressor-led Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) approaches and • Enabling CEA to provide ecosystem-relevant information at an appropriate regional scale. Therefore this CEA is explicitly developed to be a receptor-led and fully integrated framework, i.e. involving multiple occurrences of multiple pressures (from single and/or different sources) on multiple receptors, as opposed to other existing approaches dealing with only a subset of those pressures or receptors, hence our use of the phrase iCEA for integrated CEA. As a proof of concept for this iCEA we selected one receptor, the ecosystem component marine mammals. The main conclusions of this exercise (see Chapter 6) are that the iCEA framework and approach presented in this study appear suitable to fulfil its main purpose and ultimately inform the policy process as described in the conception phase. However it should be acknowledged this is only the very first step in a process where through many iterations new information can be introduced and assessed (relative to existing information) based on the criteria provided resulting in an improved iCEA with increasing confidence levels. As more information becomes available the relative importance of impact chains and its corresponding information modules may change giving direction to new areas for research. For further development of this iCEA towards its intended applications we can distinguish between the first purpose, i.e. identification of the main impact chains contributing to the risk that a specific ecosystem component is impacted, which can be achieved with the approach presented here focussing on one specific ecosystem component and the second purpose, i.e. an evaluation of the performance of possible management strategies, which would require all ecosystem components to be included as would be required for ecosystem-based management. Thus to further the development and application of this iCEA towards its (two) purpose(s) the recommendation is to: • Include the available information presented in this report into the iCEA and develop the Bayesian Belief Network such that it can process this information and its associated confidence into an assessment that identifies the main impact chains for the marine mammals. • Extend the framework and approach to (all) the other ecosystem components so that a truly integrated CEA is possible. Note that this is likely to affect the identification of what should be considered the main pressures to guide management. • Improve the information modules that emerged from the evaluation as the most promising to increase the confidence in the outcome of the iCEA. Note that the previous two steps may result in a different prioritisation of the information modules as the importance of pressures and hence impact chains changes.
Een studie is uitgevoerd naar de impact op de toelaatbaarheid van gewasbeschermingsmiddelen als de nieuwe oppervlaktewater exposure scenario's voor substraatteelten in Nederlandse kassen worden ingevoerd. Ook is de gevoeligheid van de modeluitkomsten bepaald voor een aantal belangrijke modelparameters. De berekende milieuconcentratie in oppervlaktewater van de 35 bekeken gewasgewasbeschermingsmiddel combinaties lag in 27 gevallen hoger dan het bijbehorende toelatingscriterium. Voor deze combinaties zullen end-of-pipe reductietechnieken nodig zijn om de milieuconcentraties voldoende te verlagen.
Supply Chain Management : an International Journal 20 (2015)2. - ISSN 1359-8546 - p. 218 - 236.
Marine Policy 52 (2015). - ISSN 0308-597X - p. 155 - 162.
Expectations about ecosystem based management (EBM) differ due to diverging perspectives about what EBM should be and how it should work. While EBM by its nature requires trade-offs to be made between ecological, economic and social sustainability criteria, the diversity of cross-sectoral perspectives, values, stakes, and the specificity of each individual situation determine the outcome of these trade-offs. The authors strive to raise awareness of the importance of interaction between three stakeholder groups (decision makers, scientists, and other actors) and argue that choosing appropriate degrees of interaction between them in a transparent way can make EBM more effective in terms of the three effectiveness criteria salience, legitimacy, and credibility. This article therefore presents an interaction triangle in which three crucial dimensions of stakeholder interactions are discussed: (A) between decision makers and scientists, who engage in framing to foster salience of scientific input to decision making, (B) between decision makers and other actors, to shape participation processes to foster legitimacy of EBM processes, and (C) between scientists and other actors, who collaborate to foster credibility of knowledge production. Due to the complexity of EBM, there is not one optimal interaction approach; rather, finding the optimal degrees of interaction for each dimension depends on the context in which EBM is implemented, i.e. the EBM objectives, the EBM initiator's willingness for transparency and interaction, and other context-specific factors, such as resources, trust, and state of knowledge.
Marine Policy 51 (2015). - ISSN 0308-597X - p. 151 - 162.
Marine spatial planning (MSP) is advocated to support an ecosystem approach to marine management, as it allows consideration of multiple management objectives including marine conservation. The monitoring and evaluation of both implemented marine plans and the planning process itself is susceptible to various uncertainties. Here, uncertainties related to a stepwise monitoring and evaluation framework for spatially managed areas were characterised and quantified with the help of two modified and developed tools. In particular, Walker-type and pedigree matrices were utilised to assess both the sources and respective relative levels of uncertainty present in the assessment of nine European case studies that conducted a stepwise monitoring and evaluation process applying a common framework. Across the southern and northern European case studies major sources of uncertainty were found in relation to the knowledge base, management scenarios with related objectives and data availability. Although case studies made flexible use of the framework to account for the particularities of the local realms, the revealed pattern of associated uncertainty was highly consistent across the case studies. The scored pedigree matrices showed that the criteria 'stakeholder engagement' and 'cross validation' had greatest influence on the overall robustness of the case study assessments. The observed distribution of median pedigree scores was within acceptable ranges with respect to simulated possible score distributions. In addition, a sensitivity analysis revealed that the scoring of the pedigree criteria by five or more experts would result in less variable interquartile ranges of respective median scores. In conclusion, the developed complementary tools showed great flexibility in characterising and assessing uncertainty despite context-dependent differences among case studies such as geographical area, quality of available data, level of spatial management implementation or management objectives. Moreover, the obtained findings allow prioritising efforts and future research to support an iterative monitoring and evaluation of marine spatial plans.
Science of the Total Environment 494-495 (2014). - ISSN 0048-9697 - p. 129 - 143.
This study used multiple data sets and modelling choices in an environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare typical disposable beverage cups made from polystyrene (PS), polylactic acid (PLA; bioplastic) and paper lined with bioplastic (biopaper). Incineration and recycling were considered as waste processing options, and for the PLA and biopaper cup also composting and anaerobic digestion. Multiple data sets and modelling choices were systematically used to calculate average results and the spread in results for each disposable cup in eleven impact categories. The LCA results of all combinations of data sets and modelling choices consistently identify three processes that dominate the environmental impact: (1) production of the cup's basic material (PS, PLA, biopaper), (2) cup manufacturing, and (3) waste processing. The large spread in results for impact categories strongly overlaps among the cups, however, and therefore does not allow a preference for one type of cup material. Comparison of the individual waste treatment options suggests some cautious preferences. The average waste treatment results indicate that recycling is the preferred option for PLA cups, followed by anaerobic digestion and incineration. Recycling is slightly preferred over incineration for the biopaper cups. There is no preferred waste treatment option for the PS cups. Taking into account the spread in waste treatment results for all cups, however, none of these preferences for waste processing options can be justified. The only exception is composting, which is least preferred for both PLA and biopaper cups. Our study illustrates that using multiple data sets and modelling choices can lead to considerable spread in LCA results. This makes comparing products more complex, but the outcomes more robust.
The aim of this thesis was to assess how, and to what extent, do managerial and technology changes affect electricity consumption, associated costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of dairy farms. Dairy farms in Ireland are expected to expand in the future, due to policy incentives and the abolishment of European Union milk quotas in 2015, which will result in an increased use of resources such as land, water, and energy, and increased emissions to the environment. In order to develop strategies to reduce electricity consumption associated costs and GHG emissions, it was necessary to understand the consumption trends and the hot-spots of electricity consumption within the farm. Therefore, we performed a life cycle assessment by quantifying the energy use on 22 commercial Irish dairy farms, from cradle-to-farm-gate. This analysis demonstrated that a total of 31.7 MJ of energy was required to produce one kg of milk solids, of which 20% was direct and 80% was indirect energy use. Electricity consumption was found to represent 12% of total cradle-to-farm-gate energy use or 60% of direct energy, and was centered on milk harvesting. Following this analysis we devised two main groups of strategies, i.e. 'cost strategies' and 'energy strategies'. 'Cost strategies' consisted of measures that could save on-farm costs but no energy or related emissions, such as, moving to a new electricity tariff or decoupling large electricity users, such as water heating, from milking times and shifting them to off-peak periods when electricity price is lower. Examples of 'energy strategies' are; the use of variable speed vacuum pumps on the milking machine, pre-cooling of milk and solar thermal technologies to provide hot water for cleaning purposes. A mechanistic model of electricity consumption that simulates farm equipment on an hourly and monthly basis was developed to further evaluate the 'cost' and 'energy' strategies. We used this model to show that a Day & Night electricity tariff minimised annual electricity costs, while a Flat tariff would increase the electricity costs by between 16% and 34%, depending on farm size. We also discovered that milking earlier in the morning and later in the evening reduced the simulated annual electricity consumption and related GHG emissions by between 5% and 7%, depending on farm size. An analysis of 'energy strategies' was carried out which revealed that that the ideal blend of technologies to maximise farm profitability while also reducing electricity consumption and GHG emissions, consisted of a direct expansion milk tank with pre-cooling of milk with well water to 15°C, electrical water heating and standard vacuum pumps. An individual farmer can also choose to increase his or her use of renewable energy by adding solar thermal water heating with the trade-off of reduced profitability and negative return on investment figures. This analysis highlighted the need for an investment appraisal approach to technology investments on dairy farms.
Het Lozingenbesluit Open Teelt en Veehouderij (LOTV, nu Activiteitenbesluit Milieubeheer) bepaalt dat bij bespuitingen van een gewas met veldspuitapparatuur de buitenste strook bespoten moet worden met driftarme spuitdoppen. Uit de resultaten van druppelgroottemetingen wordt aangegeven of de in dit onderzoek onderzochte spuitdoppen, bij bepaalde drukken, volgens het Lozingenbesluit aangemerkt kunnen worden met de status driftarm. Bij de beoordeling van de toelating van bestrijdingsmiddelen en de beperking van de teeltvrije zone in het Lozingenbesluit kan gewerkt worden met het driftpercentage dat bij een zekere dop-drukcombinatie behoort. Dop-drukcombinaties zijn daartoe in te delen in driftreductieklassen van 50, 75, 90 en 95%. In deze rapportage worden de Albuz spleetdoppen CVI110-015, CVI110-02, CVI110-025, CVI110-03, CVI110-04 enCVI110-05 bij een druk van 1 bar, en de doppen CVI110-04 n CVI110-05 ook bij 1,5 bar, onderzocht op hun druppelgroottespectrum. Aan de hand van druppelgroottemetingen wordt beoordeeld of deze optypen bij de aangegeven spuitdruk aan de status driftarm volgens het Lozingenbesluit (Activiteitenbesluit Milieubeheer) voldoen. Daarnaast wordt bepaald tot welke driftreductie klasse een bepaalde dop- drukcombinatie behoort.
In de boomkwekerij en de vaste plantenteelt is de milieubelasting in de periode 1998-2010 met maar liefst 86% gedaald. In de totale land- en tuinbouw is dit 85%. De doelstelling was 95% en is dus niet helemaal gehaald. Duidelijk is dat de boomkwekerij forse inspanningen heeft geleverd en dat de boomkweker blijft innoveren om de milieubelasting verder terug te dringen. Verdere afname zal nog een grote inspanning vergen. De sector geeft tegelijkertijd aan dat verdere maatregelen wel bedrijfseconomisch verantwoord moeten zijn.
Environmental Impact Assessment Review 33 (2012)1. - ISSN 0195-9255 - p. 23 - 31.
The added value of participatory modelling in fisheries management - what has been learnt?
Marine Policy 36 (2012)5. - ISSN 0308-597X - p. 1072 - 1085.
ICES Journal of Marine Science 69 (2012)1. - ISSN 1054-3139 - p. 3 - 7.
There is some uncertainty in the fisheries science–policy interface. Although progress has been made towards more transparency and participation in fisheries science in ICES Areas, routine use of state-of-the-art quantitative and qualitative tools to address uncertainty systematically is still lacking. Fisheries science that gives advice to policy-making is plagued by uncertainties; the stakes of the policies are high and value-laden and need therefore to be treated as an example of "post-normal science" (PNS). To achieve robust governance, understanding of the characteristics and implications of the scientific uncertainties for management strategies need to come to the centre of the table. This can be achieved using state-of-the-art tools such as pedigree matrices and uncertainty matrices, as developed by PNS scholars and used in similar science–policy arenas on other complex issues. An explicit extension of the peer community within maritime systems will be required to put these new tools in place. These new competences become even more important as many countries within the ICES Area are now embarking on new policies.
Ecological Indicators 11 (2011)1. - ISSN 1470-160X - p. 71 - 80.
Ecological Models for Regulatory Risk Assessments of Pesticides: Developing a Strategy for the Future provides a coherent, science-based view on ecological modeling for regulatory risk assessments. It discusses the benefits of modeling in the context of registrations, identifies the obstacles that prevent ecological modeling being used routinely in regulatory submissions, and explores the actions needed to overcome these obstacles. The book focuses on the following issues: Uncertainties in the process of model development, such as design, analysis, documentation, and communication, The availability of data and background information needed for optimal modeling, The limited knowledge of modeling, The lack of confidence in the outcome of ecological models and their reliability in pesticide risk assessment, It also suggests future solutions to these challenges, including: A guidance document on the modeling process, Case studies that show how ecological models can provide reliable ecologically relevant risk assessments, Training the people who generate or evaluate results obtained by ecological models, Focusing on ecological models, such as unstructured population models, stage-structured matrix models, and individual- or agent-based models, this volume helps regulatory authorities, manufacturers, and scientists assess the risk of plant protection products in nontarget organisms.
Drift from the application of crop protection products can cause damage to neighboring crops, ecosystems and human health. In this report, estimations of spray drift with reference to Chinese agricultural systems are provided, based on data from literature and a modeling study. As knapsack sprayers make up the most important tool for pesticide application in China, this study focussed on drift from knapsack sprayers. The results presented in this report will be used to model a pesticide drift and conduct an environmental risk assessment of pesticides in Chinese agricultural systems, as part of the Sino-Dutch Pesticide Environmental Risk Assessment Project PERAP.
Regional Environmental Change 10 (2010)2. - ISSN 1436-3798 - p. 131 - 143.


ABS has granted Approval in Principle (AiP) to two new gas carrier designs from Hudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding.
The two new vessel designs are for a 200,000m3 LNG Carrier and a 147,000m3 Very Large Ethane Carrier (VLEC).
The LNG Carrier is designed for long-distance, large-scale LNG transportation, featuring enhanced cargo capacity and greater efficiency compared to conventional ships. The VLEC is a tailored design for US–China routes, which can meet US Coast Guard requirements and is equipped with a dual-fuel propulsion system using ethane as the main fuel, which can meet emission requirements.


While delivering the special address at the inaugural session of Green Building Congress 2010 here, Mr Peter Yuile, Deputy Chief Executive Officer, Australian Trade Commission said, Australia could provide everything India needed in the green building sector - technology, products and services and underlined the need and importance to work together in promoting green buildings.
Mr Tony Arnel, Chair, World Green Building Council said Green Building Councils have an important role to play globally. He hoped that the Councils voice's would be heard at the Cancun Summit and highlighted that advocacy would be made for green buildings to be accepted as a response to climate change.
Mr Tim Cole, Chair, US Green Building Council, said continued commitment and global partnership in the green building sector is growing rapidly and said they are one of the key factor to market transformation.
Mr Cole added that, he had been a witness and partner to India's rapid strides in the green building sector and said commitment of the organization and people have taken the green building movement forward .
Mr Jamshyd N Godrej, Past President ,CII & Chairman, CII- Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre, said, India was on its way of achieving global commitment of reducing emissions by 20 per cent by 2020. In light of this, he said green buildings play an important role in this, as buildings accounted for over 40 per cent of emissions.
Mr Godrej suggested that the large number of cell phone towers being set up in every part of the country could use renewable energy sources for their energy needs instead of diesel. He said alternative ways of doing business was very high.
Dr Prem C Jain, Chairman, Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) highlighting the green building market potential said, 'by 2012 we estimate the green building market for technology, products and services to be over $40 Billion'.
Dr Jain said India had a legacy of 5000 years of creating buildings. The ancient buildings were green and we have to go back to the roots and create replica of the ancient wisdom with modern technologies, he added.


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Mother to 15-year-old twin heirs of Doris Duke 'tried to blow their trust funds on a $29million Utah ranch' - and now they are living in a $120,000-a-month hotel suite
Published: 22:34 EST, 6 March 2013 | Updated: 05:45 EST, 7 March 2013
The mother of two teenage heirs to the late Manhattan philanthropist Doris Duke tried to blow her kids' trust funds on a $29million Utah ranch, according to court papers.
The mother, Daisha Inman, recently moved her 15-year-old twins Georgia and Walker Inman from their home in South Carolina and relocated them to a $120,000-a-month suite in the St. Regis Hotel in Park City, Utah.
'Instead of locating a suitable rental property as she had represented she would do, Ms. Inman requested funding to buy a ranch in Utah with a listing price of $29million (representing almost the entirety of the property held in the children's trusts,' Francis Simms, a JPMorgan executor for the fund, wrote in a new court filing.
The broke billionaires: Walker Inman III and twin sister Georgia Inman, 15, have trust funds worth $500million each - but they can't access the money until they turn 21
Glamorous: Doris Duke, a New York socialite who died in 1993, was known as the 'richest girl in the world' for her trust funds left to her by her father, who founded American Tobacco
Picturesque: This is the $29 million ranch that Daisha Inman tried to blow her kids' trust fund on
Temporary home: Daisha Inman recently uprooted the twins from their home in South Carolina and relocated them to a $120,000-a-month suite in the St. Regis Hotel in Park City, Utah
The 214-acre ranch boasted eight bedrooms, nine bathrooms, a tennis court, a movie theater and other luxury amenities.
'Shortly before she moved to Utah, Ms Inman made another premature request to fund the purchase of a relatively more modest $4.3million South Carolina residence, only to leave South Carolina without warning a few months later,' Simms wrote.
Inman blames JPMorgan for her family's financial difficulties, claiming their reluctance to repay legitimate expenses has resulted in the children being suspended from their private school. She has not commented on the latest claims about the Utah ranch.
How the other half live... at the wheel of a superyacht and... Disgraced Astor heir wears pocket watch recovered from...
Simms said the tuition wasn't paid because Inman failed to provide an itemized invoice verifying that the amount she asked for in tuition in fees was actually the amount that was owed, according to the New York Post.
The twins are not allowed to access their funds until they turn 21.
JPMorgan has said in previous court filings that it reigned in payments after Ms Inman requested $5,000 for a Halloween party and $50,000 for Christmas gifts for the teens, the New York Post reported.
Squabbles: The children's mother Daisha (left) was the fourth wife of Walker 'Skipper' Inman Jr (right), who died in 2010 of a methadone overdose
Family tree: Walker and Georgia Inman are the great-niece and nephew of Doris Duke
'Daddy Warbucks': All of the money in the Duke and Inman fortunes came from the millions James 'Buck' Duke, the founder of American Tobacco
Ms Inman said she wanted to give her children a horse, a snowmobile and an around-the-world trip. The trust paid out $5,000 for Christmas instead.
'If the trustees simply funded all requests it received, the children's trusts could be drained of assets long before the children ever reach the age of 21 years,' JPMorgan wrote.
But Ms Inman says the says the trustees have gone too far and neglected to pay her children's legitimate expenses.
The trustees have asked the court to intervene in the battle over twins' money.
Walker and Georgia's father Walker 'Skipper' Inman Jr, died in 2010 of a methadone overdose.
Walker Jr's father was the half-brother of Doris Duke.
Doris Duke inherited untold millions from her father James 'Buck' Duke - the founder of American Tobacco, maker of Lucky Strike cigarettes.
His massive gift to a small, private college in North Carolina led leaders there to change its name to Duke University. The huge sum resulted in Duke becoming one of the most elite universities in the country
Doris Duke, who died in 1993, left a large philanthropic legacy, as well. She was know during her time as 'the richest girl in the world' and was a superstar celebrity and socialite for most of her life.
On her death, she left nearly all of her $1billon estate to the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, which remains a major force in the philanthropic world.
However, Doris Duke had no surviving biological children and part of the Duke fortune went into trust funds for the Inman twins.
Mom of Duke tobacco heirs wanted to blow trust fund cash on $29M Utah ranch - m.NYPOST.com


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Home / Paving Types / Resin Surfacing and Paving / Resin Bonded Surface Dressing
Resin bonded aggregates rely on using a high-quality binder (the resin) to affix a decorative aggregate to a selected substrate and so create an attractive and functional surface at a minimal cost. This page considers what's involved.
Resin bonded aggreate paving is a specialist surfacing technique that is becoming more and more popular for all sorts of paving projects. The technique involves the use of a high-strength polyurea resin to bind specially selected decorative aggregates to a base or substrate to create an attractive, hard-wearing, traffic-friendly surface, with superb slip-resistance and a high-degree of traction for both pedestrian and vehicle use.
Classy, good-looking, and tough
As described on the Introduction to Resin Bound Systems page, there are two principal methods of applying a resin-bound surfacing to any pavement: Trowelled and Scatter Coat (also known as "Surface Dressing"). The Scatter Coat method is probably the more popular, as it offers a number of advantages:
Easier to apply - no need for highly trained operatives
Cheaper - because the expensive resin is used only at the base
Fast - surface can be trafficked in as little as two hours
Versatile - the resin can be applied to awkward areas, such as steps
Lightweight - the finished surfacing can be as little as 4-6mm thick
Uses & Applications:
Resin Bonded Surfacing is eminently suitable for a wide range of surfacing projects where an attractive, gravel-like, natural-looking surface, with excellent anti-slip properties is required. Although it is proving to be a popular choice for driveways and patios, it is also widely used in the commercial sector for use on car parks, footpaths and cycleways, shopping malls and leisure facilities, schools and play areas, and is a market leader for use on steps, ramps, balconies, footbridges and other areas that require a simple, low-weight surface with a high level of slip resistance. Its use is not limited to outdoor applications, though - it is equally suitable for indoor applications, such as retail areas looking for a more natural flooring, for atria, corridors, factory floors, stairwells, etc.
Resin bonded surfacing gives a more natural, gravelly look to country houses
On car parks, resin bonded gives an air of distinction at relatively low cost
The product can also be combined with an elastomeric waterproof membrane to enable it to be used in areas where total waterproofing is essential, such as roof-gardens, balconies, verandas, multi-deck car parks, etc. More information on these particular systems is readily available from the Technical Department of the better resin suppliers .
Scatter Coating is a relatively simple surfacing comprising 3 layers: a base, the resin binder, and the decorative aggregate. Each of these layers contributes different properties to the finished pavement and so each requires careful preparation, which are examined below.
Resin Bonded Surfacing is highly versatile and can be used on a wide variety of existing bases. However, these bases must meet certain requirements to ensure best results.
It must be sound and firm - no movement, no sponginess, no flexing, no crumbling
It must be reasonably level - the resin-bound aggregate is a surface dressing and relies on the profiling of the base layer to create falls and levels within the finished pavement. Any dips, hollows, peaks, high spots or other deviations from true will still be evident after surfacing with the resin-bound aggregate, therefore it may be necessary to lay a thin regulating course of suitable material (See Polymer Modified Cement Overlay Systems ) to ensure the base is at the correct level to accept the resin and aggregate.
The base should be monolithic , that is, a composite whole, such as concrete, bitmac, metal or even wood. Elemental surfaces, such as block paving or flags, are less than ideal as the movement between the individual elements at the joints will be reflected through the dressed surface. However, if blocks (or tiles or flags) are securely bonded to the base (ie, rigid bedding) and therefore cannot move then Resin Bonded Surfacing can be applied directly to them.
The base should be clean , to ensure that the resin bonds properly and will not lift or peel.
Where an existing base is to be used, it should be swept clean of any loose, organic or deleterious matter, and preferably thoroughly cleaned with a power washer to ensure best adhesion of the resin. Although the resin can be successfully applied to a damp base, there should be no standing water on the surface. There should be no oils or greases present on the surface.
When a new base is to be used, it should be prepared in advance and laid to adequate falls and levels to ensure proper drainage. Concrete should be allowed to cure for at least 4 days before applying the surface coating, and it may be necessary to treat the surface to remove any laitance . This can be done with a wire brush on relatively new concrete surfaces, or with an acid etching fluid on more established cementitious bases.
Bitmac/asphalt bases should be at least one month old to ensure that any volatiles have escaped before applying the resin, and it must be free of any oils and/or greases. Wash down with a proprietary degreaser, if necessary.
Details for constructing a suitable base can be found on the Concrete Hardstanding and the Tarmacadam Pavement pages of this website.
Where a wooden base is to be used, as with steps or access ramps, the timber should be checked for general soundness and any loose material should be removed. If there is any concern at all about the condition of the timber, it should be replaced. It's much easier and cheaper to replace a suspect tread at this stage than when the resin and aggregate has been applied.
Metal bases should also be checked for general soundness and any areas of rust sanded down to remove all loose and flaky material.
Any access covers within the pavement, such as Stop Tap boxes, drain covers, manholes etc, can be left in situ, as the relatively thin coating of aggregate applied to the base should not impede access to the fittings. To effect a neat and tidy finish, it's best to cut a 'key' around any such fittings and 'feather-in' the surfacing.
The "Key" is a strip, approximately 100-200mm wide, where the existing surfacing is chipped away to reduce its level. For a thin-coat surfacing, such as resin bonded aggregates, the key need be only 6-12mm deep, and it can be hacked out using a pick-axe, hammer and chisel, or it can be 'scored' with a cut-off saw to make it easier to break out.
If covers are already low, damaged or tatty, it's well worth lifting them and re-fitting or renewing to a correct level before applying the surface dressing, so that the finished pavement is not spoilt. The excavated area around re-placed covers should be made up with bitmac or concrete to match the level of the base and provide an even platform for the resin and the dressing. Polymer Modified Mortar or Concrete is ideal for this type of remedial work as it can be trafficked after only 1 hour.
The resin
The resins used for this type of surfacing are typically a high performance, multi-part liquid that is self-priming and fast curing. Often, it is a polyurea-based resin with excellent adhesion to most bases and to the decorative aggregate scattered onto the surface.
It often comes in a range of colour options with the best colour to use being determined by the type of aggregate being used for the surface dressing. For example, a light coloured aggregate, such as the ever-popular Chinese Bauxite, might use a buff coloured resin, while a red granite aggregate would be better served by the browner resin.
In most cases, the resin can be applied directly to the base. No primer is needed where a concrete, bituminous or wooden base is used, although an appropriate primer must be applied to metal surfaces approximately 2 hours before placing the resin.
Safety Note: Although surfacing resins are fairly safe and non-hazardous (except for an inhalation hazard) it is good practice to reduce risk wherever possible, and so protective overalls, gloves, and goggles cannot be recommended too highly.
The component parts of the resin need to be mixed prior to spreading. Each component typically comes in a clearly marked, pre-measured pack along with full instructions. Various sizes of pack are available), so the resin can be prepared with minimum wastage, and at a rate to suit the working speed of the laying operatives.
The ingredients are mixed together in a clean container using a standard drill with mixing paddle attachment rotating at somewhere around the 500rpm mark. The mixing instructions provided by the manufacturer should be followed to the letter .
Mixing the resin
It is always best to mix full packs. Attempting to mix part packs, a bit at a time, can result in too much or too little of one component or the other in the mixed resin, and this can have a negative effect on the finished surfacing. It's really not worth trying to save a few bob by mixing a half pack - it will cost more than a few bob to put it right if it turns out that the resin has set before you've got the aggregate in place, or that it's not set properly and is scuffing when trafficked.
Once mixed, the working life is usually around 5-10 minutes, so plan the work to ensure the mixed resin is spread over the base and covered with the chosen aggregate as quickly as possible. Different contractors have different ways of working the resin, but one of the most popular methods is to empty the mixed resin out onto the base and use a long-handled notched squeegee to spread the resin over the base so that an even thickness is achieved. Use a spatula (which can be a simple piece of stiffish plastic) to clean off surplus resin from the squeegee blade.
It's worth noting that the sides of the buckets/vessels used when mixing resins and mortars are more often than not coated with unmixed resin. Scraping out the sides to "get your money's worth" will add this unmixed resin on to the base. As a result, the resin will not cure properly and could leave a sticky patch which will not hold the aggregate securely. To avoid this, do not scrape the sides.
Spreading the resin using a notched squeegee
The required thickness of the spread resin is determined by the size of aggregate being used, but, as a general guide, aim for a coverage rate of around 1kg per squre metre for pedestrian areas and 1.8kg/m² for vehicular areas.
The Aggregate:
The range of aggregates available for use as the surface dressing is enormous. There is a good selection of quality aggregates in an attractive range of colours and in various pack sizes from a range of suppliers. It's worth checking with the supplier's Technical Department to ensure suitability and compatibility. Most aggregates used for this type of work are around 6mm or less - the chunky, 15mm limestone chippings that you can buy from the DIY Superstore for a couple of quid per bag are NOT suitable. Any aggregate used MUST be dry and not less than 0.5mm (unless of course you want to take a chance on achieving something different to the images shown!)
If in doubt - check with the manufacturer!
Sample swatches of natural aggregates
The aggregate needs to be spread over the still-wet resin as soon as possible, if not sooner. Don't have a tea-break or slope off to the toilet after spreading the resin - you have around 5 minutes to get the aggregate in place, and if you leave it too late, the resin will have started to cure and the aggregate will just sit on the surface, sticking to nothing. There's plenty of time for a brew and a butty once the resin is covered!
Again, different contractors have different methods, but a popular method is to 'broadcast' the aggregate over the surface by hand. This is often accomplished by using a large scoop to scatter the aggregate over the surface in a series of arcs, ensuring relatively even coverage.
Aim to cover to excess - it's far better to have too much rather than too little, as any surplus aggregate can be retrieved in a couple of hours when the resin is firmly set, but it's not possible to add extra aggregate to thinly covered or 'bald' areas.
The aggregate is scattered or 'broadcast' over the still-wet resin
Check the coverage from as many angles as possible to ensure there are no thin areas. A plain long-handled squeegee can be used to push around the excess aggregate if small areas need a topping up. Coverage for the aggregates varies but, as a rough guide, pedestrian areas should take 4-5kg per square metre, and vehicular areas around 6-8kg/m² Don't be mean with the aggregate - you'll only regret it once the resin has set!
Contractor or DIY?
Although all of the projects shown on this page have been undertaken by experienced, professional contractors, the principles involved with this type of surfacing are relatively simple and probably within the capabilities of competent, experienced DIYers.
However, it's strongly recommended that, unless you are totally familiar with substrate preparation and resin usage, an experienced, approved contractor should be engaged to undertake the work and to ensure your 10 year guarantee.
Completing the Work
The aggregate is left to sink into the tacky resin and the lot is allowed to cure for a couple of hours or so, after which the excess aggregate can be removed. The time taken for the resin to cure depends on ambient temperature and relative humidity, so it will take longer in winter. Test that the surface is firm and the aggregate is firmly held before cleaning up. This can be achieved by use of a vacuum, or simply brushing the surface with a soft-bristled yard brush. The collected aggregate should be relatively clean (ie, not full of dust, litter or other crud) and can be re-bagged for use elsewhere.
Masking-off to create a corporate logo
It's incredibly easy to incorporate patterning or logos or directional information with a bit of pre-planning. A template is prepared to mask the chosen inset detail. Once the main area has been dressed and has cured, the template mask can be removed, the exposed base coated with a fresh mix of resin, and immediately dressed with a contrasting aggregate.
Seal Coat (optional)
The surface can be trafficked immediately. There's no waiting about for it to cool or to fully harden, or for the cheque to clear - it's ready for use as soon as it has set. However, the surface can be further enhanced by applying a seal coat, to ensure full adhesion of the aggregate and to protect the surface from accidental staining.
If a seal coat is to be used, then it should be applied immediately after cleaning the surface of loose aggregate, if possible. It is not recommended that the seal coat be applied if rain, frost or temperatures below 5°C are expected within 24 hours. Only the manufacturer recommended seal-coat should be used as other products may not bond properly and can invalidate the guarantee. The Seal Coat should be applied using a decorator's roller and is, literally, painted over the surface of the pavement. Coverage depends on the type of aggregate that was used, but will normally be somewhere around 2-7 square metres per litre.
Garden water feature
After coating, the treated surface should be kept free from all traffic for approximately 4 hours. If a second application of Seal Coat is required (for a high gloss finish), then it should be applied 1-24 hours after the first coat, but before allowing any traffic onto the surface. A second coat should also be allowed 4 hours to cure before opening the completed pavement to users.
Tek-Set - A Guide to Resin Surfacing from Star Uretech
Permeable Resin Bound Paving from SureSet UK
Permeable Tree Pit Surfacing - Case Study from SureSet
Resin Bound Surfacing from SureSet UK
Construction of a Resin Bound Surfacing Course with SureSet UK
FlexiSet Permeable Resin Bound Paving from SureSet UK


2019 will be the 300th Anniversary of Arp Schnitger's death, a reason for cultural organisations in Hamburg, Germany, to organize a "Arp Schnitger Year" and present the town as "Orgelstadt Hamburg".
The "Play Arp" gadget is part of the advertisement.
https://www.orgelstadt-hamburg.de/ Sorry, there is no English version, but surfing is quite informative.


On the 29th (Mon), steep yourself in history at Eglise Sainte Marie Majeure. On your second day here, don't miss a visit to Escalier du Roi d'Aragon (King Aragon Steps), then explore the fascinating underground world of Grottes de Bonifacio, and then enjoy the sand and surf at Plage de Stagnolu.
To see where to stay, traveler tips, photos, and tourist information, read our Bonifacio holiday website .
Manchester, UK to Bonifacio is an approximately 7-hour flight. You can also do a combination of car and ferry; or do a combination of bus, car, and ferry. Due to the time zone difference, you'll lose 1 hour traveling from Manchester to Bonifacio. In June, Bonifacio is somewhat warmer than Manchester - with highs of 32°C and lows of 17°C. Finish your sightseeing early on the 1st (Wed) so you can drive to Calvi.
Calvi is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica.It is the seat of the Canton of Calvi, which contains Calvi and one other commune, Lumio. Step off the beaten path and head to Speed Boats Tours and Phare de la Pietra. Step out of the city life by going to Punta Spano and Scuba & Snorkeling. Next up on the itinerary: take some stellar pictures from Village abandonné d'Occi, steep yourself in history at Citadelle de Calvi, make a trip to Les Calanche Cliffs, and look for all kinds of wild species at Nature Reserve of Scandola.
Take the guesswork out of planning a Calvi vacation by using our trip itinerary maker.
Traveling by car from Bonifacio to Calvi takes 4 hours. Alternatively, you can take a bus; or do a combination of bus and train. In July, plan for daily highs up to 34°C, and evening lows to 23°C. Wrap up your sightseeing on the 4th (Sat) early enough to travel to Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil.
Roc de Cazelle and Chateau des Milandes will appeal to history buffs. Escape the urban bustle at Kayaking & Canoeing and Les Grottes de Maxange. Venture out of the city with trips to Belves (Le Chateau de Belves & Cave Dwellings). And it doesn't end there: Head underground at Grotte du Grand Roc, tour the pleasant surroundings at Au pas de l'ane. Location d'anes, step into the grandiose world of The Maison Forte de Reignac, and make a trip to Roque Saint-Christophe Fort et Cite Troglodytiques.
Find out how to plan Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil trip without stress by asking Inspirock to help create an itinerary.
You can do a combination of flight and train from Calvi to Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil in 7 hours. Alternatively, you can do a combination of flight and bus; or do a combination of bus, flight, and train. Traveling from Calvi in July, Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil is a bit cooler at night with lows of 17°C. Wrap up your sightseeing on the 7th (Tue) early enough to drive to Saint-Cirq-Lapopie.
Saint-Cirq-Lapopie is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France. On the 8th (Wed), look for gifts at Le Musee Du Vin, then take in the architecture and atmosphere at Bourg Medieval de Saint-Cirq Lapopie, then explore the fascinating underground world of Grotte du Pech-Merle, and finally explore the historical opulence of Chateau de Cenevieres.
To see maps, more things to do, traveler tips, and other tourist information, go to the Saint-Cirq-Lapopie tour itinerary planner.
Traveling by car from Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil to Saint-Cirq-Lapopie takes 2 hours. Alternatively, you can do a combination of train and bus. In July, daytime highs in Saint-Cirq-Lapopie are 32°C, while nighttime lows are 17°C. Cap off your sightseeing on the 8th (Wed) early enough to go by car to Perpignan.
Perpignan is a city, a commune, and the capital of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. Eschew the tourist crowds and head to Scuba & Snorkeling and Chateau de Castelnou. Popular historic sites such as Chateau de Peyrepertuse and Chateau Comtal are in your itinerary. Change things up with these side-trips from Perpignan: Abbaye de Fontfroide (in Narbonne), Carcassonne Center (Cathar Castles & Eglise Saint-Nazaire) and Chateau de Queribus (in Cucugnan). Next up on the itinerary: learn about winemaking at Domaine Boudau, look for all kinds of wild species at Sentier du Littoral, take in the architecture and atmosphere at Cathedrale St-Jean, and explore the striking landscape at Orgues d'Ille Sur Tet.
To find where to stay, traveler tips, and other tourist information, read our Perpignan trip planner .
You can drive from Saint-Cirq-Lapopie to Perpignan in 3.5 hours. Alternatively, you can do a combination of bus and train; or take a bus. Plan for somewhat warmer nights when traveling from Saint-Cirq-Lapopie in July since evenings lows in Perpignan dip to 22°C. Finish your sightseeing early on the 12th (Sun) so you can drive to Moustiers Sainte-Marie.
Moustiers-Sainte-Marie, or simply Moustiers, is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France, a part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region and considered one of the "most beautiful villages of France".It lies at the western entrance to the Gorges du Verdon. Escape the urban bustle at Les Grottes de Villecroze and Les Gorges du Verdon. Your inner history buff will appreciate Notre Dame de Beauvoir and Abbey of Thoronet. Venture out of the city with trips to La Tuilliere (in Aups) and Lac De Sainte Croix (in Aiguines). The adventure continues: make a trip to Centre Ville.
To find traveler tips, ratings, more things to do, and other tourist information, you can read our Moustiers Sainte-Marie trip planning site .
Traveling by car from Perpignan to Moustiers Sainte-Marie takes 4.5 hours. Alternatively, you can do a combination of train and bus; or do a combination of train and taxi. In July in Moustiers Sainte-Marie, expect temperatures between 37°C during the day and 20°C at night. Finish your sightseeing early on the 15th (Wed) so you can travel back home.


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Pigeon Proofing Solar Panels – Edinburgh
Solar Panel Pigeon Proofing
Getting Rid of Pigeons under Solar Panels in Edinburgh
Pigeon Proofing Solar Panels in Edinburgh
Found in the south-east of Scotland in Lothian, the city of Edinburgh has been considered the capital of Scotland since the 15th century. The actual district of Edinburgh stretches slightly beyond the actual city including villages and towns such as Gogar, Newbridge, Currie, Ratho and Kirkliston, which exist to the west of the city.
The rich history of the capital is seen through the buildings that have withstood the test of time. Old Town in Edinburgh refers to the oldest part of the city where much of the medieval street plan has been preserved along with buildings from around the time of the Reformation. As well as this, the centre of Edinburgh, known as New Town, contains many buildings from when it was built in the 18th and 19th centuries. Both Old Town and New Town are so historically and culturally important that they were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995. Not only that but the city also includes the historic University of Edinburgh, which has existed since the 1582!
Edinburgh has become the second most popular tourist city in the UK, only coming after London. With popular attractions being the Edinburgh Castle, which has existed from around the 12th century, and Holyrood Palace, which was built around the 17th century. Shame all those pigeons have decided that they want to visit too.
Pigeons Nesting Under Solar Panels
Domestic or Commercial, solar panels have become a viable option for everyone at an ever-increasing rate, and a money saving one at that! Here at Direct Solar Care, we have noticed one down side: pigeons nesting under solar panels, along with jackdaws, other birds and squirrels, and more to the point, these pesky critters nesting or destroying the wires under the solar panels. Unfortunately, no one is warned about this potential problem when they are buying the solar panels and so are unaware of the seriousness of their pest problem. The solar panels offer protection from the wind and rain and also radiate heat, thereby giving warmth to the pigeons or squirrels, providing an ideal place to roost or practice their chewing ability!
Solar Panel Pigeon Problem
Not only are your solar panels' wires at risk, the yield of your panels could drop significantly should the birds foul on your panels. This said, our customers do not tend to worry about their wires as long before this becomes a problem, you will notice the noise caused by the flocks of pigeons nesting on your roof, waking you up at 5am every day, even Saturdays! Together with the mess, and the threat from bird mites (effectively microscopic bedbugs: have a look here: ((bird mites page in DP))) and the fact that the pigeon breeding season is continually through March to October, I'm sure any sufferer of pests under solar panels will be sure to tell you to get it sorted out sooner rather than later! We understand the terror and mayhem squirrels and pigeons cause so we additionally offer a 5-year pigeon proofing warranty on all of our work so that should you have a re-invasion of any pest under your panels, we will come out free of charge and rid you of them.
Direct Solar Care provide solar panel pest protection for homes & businesses across all regions of Edinburgh.
Direct Solar Care are the market leaders in solar panel bird proofing, so if you have pests under your solar panels we are the company to call! With teams who are fully trained in solar panel pigeon protection techniques and our specially manufactured solar panel clips you can rest assured that we will resolve your problem once and for all and what's more, all of our work comes with a 5-year pigeon proofing guarantee to protect you against re-invasion.
How do we Protect your Solar Panels?
We are often asked "How to get rid of Pigeons under solar panels?" Our solution – Each team is equipped with Easi Dec scaffolding which they can use to access your roof to avoid damaging your property. In most cases we don't need to drill anything into your panels for fixings as we use our own specially manufactured clips to attach a galvanised steel mesh to prevent any animal entering the area underneath your panels. The mesh is custom cut to size to ensure a smooth border that is hardly visible from the ground and cannot be pushed through by any pests.
Let Us Rid you of your Pests!
Contact Direct Solar Care today to remove all the pests from your solar panels before too much damage is caused. Call our friendly team on 0800 088 6392 or email us at info@directsolarcare.co.uk and we'll be more than happy to help give you back your 9 o'clock lie ins!


Summer's just around the corner and the Lee® brand for one is completely ready for it. And so are its European store windows, which we gave a bold and colourful makeover for the occasion. The eye catchers of the window are the bobbins and multi-coloured yarns. By matching these yarns' colours with the collection's main colours, we delivered a contemporary window characterised by its simplicity and unity.
Apart from focusing on Lee®'s colourful summer collection, presented on mannequins and wooden panels suspended from the ceiling, this window and its bobbins give a subtle insight in the craftsmanship behind the Lee® brand. In addition to all that, our no-nonsense window sticker cleverly defines what Lee® high summer is all about.


What is the use for these abilities?
What do those two mean,I know that there are more like them in the pokemon world,but if there are more tell me what they do please.
I don't know much much about pokemon games but I can tell you that this is in Black.
1.If your opponent has a move like Roar of Time, Spacial Rend, or Draco Meteor and it misses it won't be able to use the move more because the ability pressure makes the opponent use 2 PP per move instead of two.
2.If you have a Haxorus with the ability Mold Breaker and your opponent has a Gengar, you can use Earthquake and it will successfully hit.
What abilities can I breed on my Eevee?
Any logic behind the Pokemon that get the ability Pressure?
In Gen 6, if a Pokemon with Mold Break uses Sky Drop on a Pokemon with Light Metal, would Light Metal be negated?