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Study of the controversy between Arthur Compton and William Duane in the 1920s as a case study in the resolution of conflicts in scientific theory. In 1923, Compton, a relatively unknown midwesterner, annouced his interpretation of his experiments in X-rays, which ran counter to prevailing wave theory in physics. Duane, an influential Harvard professor, disagreed strongly, creating a split in the scientific community. However, the split was rapidly resolved and the science community closed ranks behind Compton, who was awarded the Noble Prize in physics in 1927 for his work. Fellow hopes to discover how controversies involving two alternative theories which fit the facts equally well are resolved. Indicates the importance of the human element in physics, since theories are products of human invention, a representation of how scientists want or expect nature to be, often colored by their preconceptions. Fellow previously wrote Style in Teaching: Reshaping the Sterile Image of Physics (submitted to the American Journal of Physics but not yet published) which stesses the devlopmental aspect of science rather than static laws and theories.


Children will love learning with the Musical Rainbow Tea Party! The lovable light-up teapot bubbles with personality while percolating "tea," and teaches children about colours, matching, manners and counting, too! children will love matching and building motor skills as they play. Host a special tea time for two to learn lessons in sharing. And, best of all, the Musical Rainbow Tea Party features 50+ songs, phrases and tea party sounds! Features Musical Rainbow Tea Party teaches important preschool skills in a role-play environment. Tea time is a fun way for children to learn how to share with 10 play pieces, including two tea cups, 6 colourful cake pieces, cake plate and teapot. Learning Difference The adorable Musical Rainbow Tea Party includes 10 play pieces that teach about colours and matching, manners and greetings, and counting. As the teapot tips, the colour realistically moves and gurgles like a real teapot! The lid lifts to reveal a shiny mirror for peek-a-boo play and fun sounds. Plus, enjoy building motor skills while sharing pieces of cake!


This statistic shows the share of the population with a BankID in Sweden as of February 2018 among different age groups. In 2017, 96.7 percent of 21 to 31-year-olds had some form of BankID, followed closely by the 31 to 40-year-olds at 96.6 percent. BankID is an electronic identity document comparable to passports, drivers licenses and other physical identity documents.


text:
The Spark – Snippet 21
by Drak Bibliophile | Sep 15, 2017 | DrakeSnippet, Snippets
As a choice between the converter's output and whatever dry food I'd have brought otherwise, I gave it high marks. Also the disk ran out clear water which we cleaned our bowls with as well as drinking. It tasted better than many springs and just about all the standing water I'd found along the Road to and from Dun Add.
Back home I placed my weapon on the table and hung the belt and my shield on the peg by the door. The new weapon didn't have a mounting hook like my old one, but despite its high output, the electrode cooled off almost instantly after use. I'd touched it to the inside of my arm to be sure. I might make a proper holster for it, but for the time being I just carried it in the right pocket of my tunic.
Guntram brought something else out of his satchel: a bundle of rods six to eight inches long, extending from a round black base. I expected him to set it on the table, but he continued to hold it.
"This," he said, "is a practice machine. We discussed them in Dun Add."
"I remember you talking about them, sir," I said, amazed. "Sir, should you have taken this from Dun Add?"
"And who is there, do you think, who has the right to give me orders, Master Pal?" said Guntram. His voice wasn't loud, but it was as sharp as the crack of thunder before an autumn cloudburst.
I stiffened, remembering what May had said about this man. I said, "Sir. Not I, sir."
"Forgive me," said Guntram, softening back into the kindly man I'd been getting to know. "Jon and Louis are sure of their course and concentrate everything within close boundaries to get where they intend to go. I am less sure, and I think it worthwhile to cast my net rather wider."
"Sir, Dun Add is none of my business," I said, wishing that I'd kept that in mind earlier. "You know what you're doing."
"Yes," said Guntram with a slight smile. "But that doesn't mean that I'm correct."
He cleared his throat and added, "Let's go outside so that you can put this device through its paces, shall we?"
And me through mine, I thought. Well, that was what I needed–or would've needed if I'd been going to become a Champion.
"How badly were you injured when you fought Easton, Pal?" Guntram asked as we walked into the farmyard.
I finished buckling on the belt with my shield. "He didn't break anything," I said, "but that was mostly luck. I had the shield on low so I could move, but it must've helped some. The main thing is he cut behind because I was moving faster than he figured. I still feel it when I swing my left arm around, though."
Guntram set the unit on the ground ten feet from where I'd stopped. He looked at me. "I suppose you realize that if Easton had been even slightly more skilled," he said, "he would have killed you?"
"Do you think I cared!" I shouted, surprising myself. I hadn't known that I was still so angry about what had happened in Dun Add. "Sure, I thought he might kill me. All I wanted was to get in one stroke, that was all. Being dead just meant I wasn't humiliated any more!"
"Personally…," said Guntram, stepping away from the device. "I would have regretted that result. But someone of my age is well aware that men die."
I was suddenly facing a warrior with a nondescript dog, something with more terrier than Buck, who favored a hound/setter mix though there was a lot of breeds in him besides those. He was at my side.
I switched my shield on at low level and brought my weapon sizzling live. I went in.
My opponent swung overhand at my head. Almost before he moved, I saw the blow coming through Buck's eyes: the whole track of the weapon was a shimmering fan in Buck's prediction. I caught it in the air with my weapon and guided it down to my right without thinking: it was all part of Buck's world for this moment.
My thrust back toward the top of the image's breastbone was a reflex. The dummy figure vanished with a pop and a crackle.
I backed away and switched off my equipment. "Guntram?" I said. "Did I break it?"
"No," he said, smiling. "The target shuts off when you achieve a kill. Which you did very neatly. Let me adjust this a little…."
Guntram's right index finger wobbled in the air. I didn't see anything there except a shimmer like heat rising from a black rock in sunlight.
"Now try it," he said. "I want to see how good your weapon is, so I've run up the target's shield."
I was facing another armed figure. This one had blue clothing and a modular unit, with a booster collar around his neck that turned his head into a featureless ball.
I switched on again and advanced. To tell the truth, I was feeling cocky. I thrust straight for the base of the image's throat.
He–it–met my stroke with his weapon. He didn't push it aside as easy as I'd done the first dummy's, but I felt the shock right up to my shoulder and my thrust missed the center of his chest.
When my weapon hit his shield the bang! was like a wall falling over and a blinding flash. His counterstroke slashed me at the base of the neck. It felt like a bucket of boiling water.
I must've blanked out, because I found myself on my back. The dummy stood, glowering facelessly down at me for a moment; then it vanished.
Buck whined and licked my cheek.
I switched off my shield and weapon; I'd been real lucky not to have cut my foot off when I went flying base over teacup. The burned feeling was fading.
I reached up and felt the place where the stroke had seemed to land. It didn't hurt to rub.
"I think the rotor of your weapon was intended for a slightly smaller stator," Guntram said, "so the maximum intensity of your stroke isn't as high as it could be. Still, it's very high, as you saw. I believe you could hold that output all day."
I got up and nudged Buck. "What happened?" I asked, putting the weapon in my pocket.
"The device is intended to improve your skill as a warrior," Guntram said. "Not to provide you with a straw man to knock down. If you behave like a fool, it will punish your foolishness."
That hurt worse than the slap the machine had given me. I ducked my head and said, "Sir, I'm sorry."
The old man smiled at me. "The device doesn't do permanent injury," he said. "You should be able to resume practice by now."
The next month went about the way the first day had. Guntram watched me practice on his device early morning and in the afternoon. After I'd worked up a sweat, we generally took a trip out on the Road to one or another of the nodes where I'd found objects in the past.
Twice we even prospected new sites according to a notion that Guntram had about currents in the Waste. We didn't find anything there.
And we didn't find much in the spots I'd flagged either, but mostly you don't. One short tube, more of a ring really, that Guntram thought might've been part of a weapon; and another thing the size of my clenched fist that had to be something, but hanged if we knew what. We spent a lot of time getting inside it in the evenings after supper.
There were about a dozen families feeding us, at their houses or more often sending hampers along for us to eat on our own. Guntram charmed them. Folk who'd always been a little doubtful about the things I did as a Maker were next thing to bowing to Guntram–who was a thousand times more of a Maker that I could ever hope to be.
Guntram gave little things to the families who helped us, some that he'd brought–like the light he'd given Phoebe–but many things he made out of my scraps, glowing balls that hung in the air or a little disk that played tunes. I never heard it play the same music twice and I didn't much like any of its choices, but it put Sandoz of Lakeshore and the three generations that lived on his big holding over the moon with happiness.
I didn't think much about what was going to happen next. I was learning from a Maker who had taught the best even though he claimed he wasn't the best himself'; I was learning how to use the wonderful weapon that I'd helped make; and for maybe the first time in my life, surely the first time since mom died, I wasn't alone.
And then everything changed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In July 2005, a coalition of 171 Palestinian Civil Society organizations created the Global BDS movement for "Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions against Israel Until it Complies with International Law and Universal Principles of Human Rights" for Occupied Palestinians, Israeli Arabs, and Palestinian diaspora refugees.
The Tel Aviv-based Reut Institute (RI) provides "real-time strategic decision-making" support in areas of national security and socioeconomic policy. Its new report titled "The Gaza Flotilla: The Collapse of Israel's Political Firewall" suggests it's working. It followed an earlier one on "creating a political firewall" against Israel's "delegitimization challenge," recommending sabotage and subterfuge against growing global forces it fears, not an equitable solution it rejects.
Focusing now on the Gaza Flotilla, it called it "the tip of the iceberg" attempt along with the BDS movement and Durban conference against racism to cause "tangible and significant damage to Israel." Unmentioned was how expert Israel is in self-inflicting it by decades of occupation and crimes of war and against humanity.
— the "Delegimization Network" based in cities like London, Brussels and San Francisco.
Their "constantly adapting" strategy requires Israel to adopt "a comprehensive systemic treatment" of the challenge it faces.
Israeli commandos (trained killers), planned and executed a premeditated attack in international waters against nonviolent, unarmed humanitarian activists, trying to deliver essential to life aid to besieged Gazans – to break Israel's attempt to suffocate and starve them.
— Foiling Israel's ability to contain or deny legitimacy to Hamas and Hezbollah.
Both lead "a systemic and systematic attack against Israel's political and economic model, which has already had strategic consequences and may become existential if ignored or inadequately addressed." In addition, Israel hasn't developed an effective response to this challenge.
Hamas gained "agility" from 2006 electoral victory. Israeli "rigidity" followed – policies unable to change Hamas' positions or precipitate its demise. "On the contrary, Hamas went from strength to strength" despite Israel's imposed siege and Cast Lead. It continually adapts to new circumstances, "demonstrating a relatively clear strategic logic….while strengthening its domestic and international status" and ability to promote Israeli delegitimization.
The Gaza Flotilla and others planned are "the latest manifestation of a systemic and systematic attack" to undermine Israel's legitimacy with considerable support from the BDS campaign, the "lawfare" war against senior Israeli officials, and effect of the Goldstone Commission.
The Flotilla was "a first-of-its-kind collaboration" between Hamas and the Resistance and Delegitimization Networks. Turkey's involvement was the "difference that made the difference." In addition, its organizers' ability to gain Western progressive elite support turned Israel's interdiction into a "global and politically explosive event." RI called it a "clash of brands," Israel tarnished and defeated in the eyes of world public opinion.
"It takes a network to fight" one, says RI. Disrupting it is job one by training Israeli diplomats to work in delegitimization hubs, developing its own network, re-branding itself to promote a new image, and engaging "liberal progressive elite(s)." The objective – delegitimize, isolate and marginalize the delegitimizers and BDS movement.
Its earlier "delegitimize challenge" report recommended sabotage and subterfuge against growing forces it fears. Perhaps now it's softening but not enough. It omitted the right of return, East Jerusalem as Palestine's capital, the logic of a one-state solution, the renunciation of conflict, an admission of Israeli crimes of war and against humanity, accountability for those responsible, demilitarization as a show of good faith, legislation granting all Israeli citizens equal rights, an occupation end date, a full commitment to the rule of law, and restitution to compensate victims for decades of crimes and destructive harm for starters.
Short of fundamental change, Israeli delegitimization will prevail over half-hearted measures, more rhetorical than substantive the way they've always been for decades.


I love the lakefront bike path, and unlike many people, I just find it more exciting when it gets crowded. Remember the gargantuan space battle at the end of Return of the Jedi, with a billion ships flying in every direction, zipping past at breathtaking speed? That's the lakefront trail at its best. Bobbing and weaving, zig-zagging a path through elusive and short-lived gaps, shouting warnings, slowing and accelerating, the kchunk! of shifting gears — I love it.
1) There is a time to lay on the speed, and a time to hit the brakes. When the path is clogged up with pedestrians, slower bikers, roller bladers, etc., etc., that is the time to hit the brakes. This is a multi-use recreational path, not a velodrome. It won't hurt you to slow down for a moment till the traffic clears (though not slowing down just might.) You will still get your exercise, you won't lose any race, and nobody would've been impressed with your blazing speed anyway, just annoyed at your rude behavior.
2) You are not mute. "ON YOUR LEFT!", when properly used, is your friend. It's rude to blast by people who're only marginally in your way without giving them some kind of warning. Yes, there are lots of clueless people wandering with their head in a cloud. That is no reason to be rude. You haven't gotten used to this by now? You should.
* Yes, I am confident of my biking skills to the point of arrogance. What about it?
**Heck, that's good advice for a lot of Chicago drivers, too.
Unsurprisingly, I'm far from the only resident who has something to say about the bike path.
The bridge cross after navy pier? Hrmph.
Very nice blog!Very informative. I will come back and will link your blog to mine, if you do not mind. My blog is Revel Chicago. http://revelchicago.blogspot.com/ will be glad to have your comments on my blog.


Fresh produces from your backyard whenever you need them is so nice. That is probably why so many people love vegetable gardening. However, veggie gardening is easier said than done. There are many small details to grow veggies successfully in your garden.
If you have struggling with your garden, these gardening tips might be just what you need. Find out these useful gardening tips for your successful vegetable gardening.


Gordon Ora Bennett, 45, Greensburg, passed away on Friday, April 12, 2019, at his residence.
Born, May 8, 1973, in Shelby County, Indiana, he was the son of Charles and Vivian (Hill) Bennett.
Gordon graduated in 1991 from Greensburg Community High School. He worked for Smith Implements in Greensburg and was a fireman with the Westport Volunteer Fire Department. Gordon enjoyed working with stained glass, car shows, and motorcycles.
He was married to Melody Ann Linville on Sept. 5, 2015, and she survives.
He is also survived by three children, Zac Bennett of Westport, Steve (Alli) Bennett of Westport, and Samantha Bennett of Milford; three stepchildren, Amanda (Clay) Brancamp Cooke of Terre Haute, Craig (Lora) Brancamp of Westport, and Ben (Karen) Brancamp of Greensburg; four brothers, Terry Stoops of Kentucky, Kenny Stoops of Pigeon Forge, Tenn., Jerry (Mary) Bennett of Shelbyville, and Danny (Cindy) Bennett of Rushville; three sisters, Cindy (Jody) Mcneece of Utah, Ruth Ann (Jim) Landwerlen of Shelbyville, and Shirley Higginbotham of Shelbyville; 11 grandchildren and several nieces, nephews, and cousins.
He was preceded in death by his parents and two brothers, Ricky Stoops and Melvin Bennett.
Visitation will be held on Wednesday from 4 to 8 p.m. at the Porter-Oliger-Pearson Funeral Home in Greensburg.
Funeral services will be held at 11 a.m. on Thursday, April 18, 2019, at the funeral home with Pastor Matt Metz officiating.
Interment will be held in the South Park Cemetery.
Memorials may be made to the Westport Volunteer Fire Department, the Bartholomew County Humane Society, or the Hospice of Decatur County.


Tom Cruise reprises his role as Impossible Mission Force (IMF) agent Ethan Hunt in the fifth film of the action thriller series. Written and directed by Christopher McQuarrie, the movie follows on from events in the previous installment where the IMF agents find themselves being targeted by a shadowy organisation of highly-trained assassins known only as the Syndicate. Can Ethan reassemble the now-disbanded IMF team to bring down this rogue organisation before it's too late? The supporting cast includes Simon Pegg, Jeremy Renner, Rebecca Ferguson and Alec Baldwin.


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Renewable Energy in China's Cross Hairs
Beijing uses five-year plans as guides to support its intelligence collection efforts, particularly cyber espionage campaigns that can be executed against several targets across the globe. Already Chinese operations against renewable energy organizations have provided competitive advantage to Chinese companies who were able to win contracts and help bankrupt at least two foreign competitors.
Read more about Renewable Energy in China's Cross Hairs
The CIA in Tibet, 1957 -1969
Tue, 11/09/2021 - 2:50am
As tensions rise between mainland China and Taiwan once again, it is worth remembering a vic-tim of China's previous expansionist actions. Tibet, labeled as "the orphan of the Cold War," has repeatedly been forgotten on the world stage since its annexation in 1950. Similarly forgotten are the United States' contributions to the Tibetan resistance against the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
Read more about The CIA in Tibet, 1957 -1969
Countering China's Gray Zone Strategy
Sun, 10/10/2021 - 3:43am
China's gray zone activities grind remorseless on but in so doing are creating an opposing pushback. As is customary, the paradoxical nature of war applies in that those impacted by a damaging strategy will over time devise optimized countermoves.
Read more about Countering China's Gray Zone Strategy
The Battle of the World's Most Advanced Microchips
Geopolitics determines the type of cell phone you carry, the car you drive, and the computer you use. The all-consuming power of nation-state actor rivalries in the international arena shapes the structural paradigm that drives trade and politics. This is the invisible hand of the global economy. And so it goes with China, microprocessors, and American national security.
Read more about The Battle of the World's Most Advanced Microchips
Evolution of China's Cyber Threat
In 1989, a team of American analysts presented an argument that the next generation of war would have blurred lines between war and politics, and civilians and combatants. This has become increasingly true as corporations now have major stakes in global conflict and are able to influence outcomes of global politics and war. The Russo-Georgian War further blurred those lines when the Georgian government transferred Internet capabilities that were under attack to TSHost servers in the United States. Private cybersecurity firms and non-state sponsored hackers can influence diplomacy on a global scale due to the deep penetration of the internet into the military, critical infrastructure, and everyday society. This penetration has increased the effectiveness of information warfare and cyber espionage.
Read more about Evolution of China's Cyber Threat
U.S. Strategy and Foreign Policy throughout the Balkans
With the election of a new U.S. president comes a new foreign policy strategy. While the U.S. continues to manage the recent evacuation of forces and allies from Afghanistan, monitors the volatile situation between Israel and Hamas, and carefully listens to North Korea's aggressive rhetoric, it must not lose focus on Russia and China. At a time when both countries continue to expand their presence in eastern Europe, it becomes evident that the U.S. must have a focused strategy within the Balkans. The recent build-up of Russian forces along the Ukrainian border in April 2021 reinforces the idea that Russia will continue to destabilize the region while China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has found its way into eastern Europe, specifically to the Balkan countries. China's dangerous lending practices and infrastructure projects can put Balkan countries at increased risk and provide China a backdoor into Europe. The U.S. benefits from a strong E.U. and NATO as well as sustainable stability throughout Europe. Targeted support for European allies is a strong incentive for U.S. involvement in the region as the U.S. can benefit from increased stability and stronger trading partners. This was highlighted by President Biden's recent signing of an Executive Order on June 8, 2021, that provided additional sanction authority, efforts to combat corruption, and promote accountability within the Balkans and the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Lastly, the Balkans present a unique challenge for western allies as this region simultaneously displays global competition from both Russia and China, which will require a comprehensive approach to counter their expansion effectively.
Read more about U.S. Strategy and Foreign Policy throughout the Balkans
Chinese Mercenaries in Africa
Chinese investments in Africa have multiplied in recent years, especially since the 2013 launch of the Belt & Road Initiative (BRI). But China has realized that it is a mistake to entrust security and development to trade alone. A new generation of Chinese private security companies sees the BRI as an opportunity for lucrative contracts and international expansion, but its shortcomings are evident on the ground. Currently, the few properly certified Chinese private security companies in Africa appear to be operating semi-autonomously, oriented towards niche markets. And so far not as an extension of the state, but these companies may be the tool Beijing needs to prevent the defense of its citizens and assets from forcing it into military interventions that, for the time being, remain beyond its reach.
Read more about Chinese Mercenaries in Africa
Coronavirus Crisis: U.S.-China Media War Couldn't Come at a Worse Time
China's move to expel U.S. journalists from the country last week comes at a time of great need for accurate information about COVID-19. The move is part of a broader Chinese effort to control the global narrative about the pandemic and is especially dangerous right now—as cracking down on foreign media further undermines trust in China's ability to respond to the pandemic with transparency.
Read more about Coronavirus Crisis: U.S.-China Media War Couldn't Come at a Worse Time
The Next Warm War: How History's Anti-Access/Area Denial Campaigns Inform the Future of War
Tue, 01/14/2020 - 12:26am
The anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) campaign underway in the South China Sea is but one example of A2/AD being employed as a military strategy throughout history. A2/AD is defined as a strategy designed to bar an adversary's entry to or occupation of a theater of operations and is most effectively utilized by a military when confronting a stronger adversary. A2/AD has become one of the most talked about issues in military policy circles today, but is by no means a new concept: the Yom Kippur War, the Cold War, and even the Civil War saw one (or both) sides incorporating the ideas of A2/AD.
Read more about The Next Warm War: How History's Anti-Access/Area Denial Campaigns Inform the Future of War
Avoiding War in the Arctic: A Two-Step Solution
Fri, 01/10/2020 - 10:19am
To maintain peace in the Arctic, the United States should promote international trade in the Arctic, especially with Russia while simultaneously incentivizing growth in the American Arctic. The biggest threat to peace in the Arctic is not Russian military buildup, nor Chinese investment, but Sino-Russian cooperation and coordination in the Arctic and across the Eurasian continent.
Read more about Avoiding War in the Arctic: A Two-Step Solution
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How and where not to do The Fishstick | Flickr - Photo Sharing!
For good measure, there's some Tighten Up and even some Boogie Oogie in there, too.
Liam -ish, carlosgomez, gordasm, and 262 other people added this video to their favorites.
This is a lot funnier once you've heard the podcast!
Pure poetry in moving pictures, Sandwich. Perfectly suitable for Flickr.
The Fishstick, all by itself, justifies videos on Flickr.
The Fishstick is perfect for web video... so much emotion with so little motion makes for very effective compression.
I don't mean to be all Ned Flanders-like but The Fishstick seems a bit flashy for my taste.
Way to work that green screen magick!
This is a dance Mr. Rogers (rest in peace) would subscribe to. Also, I like your sweater.
Merlin Man did us all a favor by achieving virtually nothing by inventing something where yo do, well virtually nothing.
Amazing! Your face is the best.
omg you guys that looks so hard!
Wow...this is just awesome. Did you prep the folks around you? And just how did people react? Did they eventually figure out you were filming this?
I don't know where to begin! I thought I was ready to Fish Stick until I saw the soul clap at the end. This is not as easy as I expected. Just the same - I'm gonna keep practicing.
That's for the motivation - and the great moves!
people tend to live with that face of continuing anger.
A fresh air with your video!
You're totally invisible to others!
Wow it was a great party i loved it, dancing with the block people awesOme!!Hahaha!
I don't know how I missed this for two years. This I do know: Now that I have found it, I will never stop watching it.


Microsoft Tuesday 3 patches & 4 vulnerabilities announced today.
The question for the new poll released today is "When do you think public release of an exploit is useful?" This is your chance to be heard.
Several people have noticed that there appears to be a fairly low number of source addresses associated with the WINS scanning. This implies to an autorooter rather then a worm is responsible for the WINS scanning.
The Internet Motion Sensor project has released an analysis of the traffic on TCP port 42 associated with recent WINS exploit activity. This report was written by Evan Cooke of U of Mich, Jose Nazario and Danny McPherson of Arbor Networks.
One Important and 2 Critical patches were announced today by Microsoft.
Vulnerability:A cross-domain vulnerability exists in HTML Help ActiveX control that could allow information disclosure or remote code execution on an affected system.
Affected Software: Basically every Microsoft OS other then NT Server SP6a and NT terminal server SP6a. NT is affected if they have IE 6.0 sp1 installed.
Mitigation: Set Internet and Local intranet security zone settings to ?High? to prompt before running ActiveX controls and active scripting in the Internet zone and in the Local intranet zone.
This will cause a lot of prompting since many websites use active-x. An alternate mitigation would be to trust some websites but the users has to add each trusted website by hand.
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that cursor, animated cursor, and icon formats are handled. An attacker could try to exploit the vulnerability by constructing a malicious cursor or icon file that could potentially allow remote code execution if a user visited a malicious Web site or viewed a malicious e-mail message. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could take complete control of an affected system.
Affected Software: Basically every Microsoft OS other then Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2.
Mitigation: Read e-mail messages in plain text format.
The Windows Animated Cursor (ANI) in Windows allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (kernel crash or resource consumption) via the (1) frame number or (2) rate number set to zero.
Mitigation: Read e-mail messages in plain text.
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the Indexing Service because of the way that it handles query validation. An attacker could exploit the vulnerability by constructing a malicious query that could potentially allow remote code execution on an affected system. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could take complete control of an affected system. While remote code execution is possible, an attack would most likely result in a denial of service condition.
Microsoft is not doing enough Quality Control on their vulnerability announcements.
In the description of CAN-2004-1305 microsoft states its a DOS. Then they imply a remote user would get the same privledges as the user under mitigation.
According to an eEye release today the ANI vulnerability can lead to remote code execution.
A Firefox exploit was released for a vulnerability in Firefox 1.0, Mozilla 1.7.5 and Netscape 7.1 on Windows XP SP2.
Yesterday's diary discussed printme a "harmless joke application".
This is not related in anyway to www.printme.com which is used by many hotels to allow customers to print documents without installing drivers/software.


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Einadia es un género de plantas  fanerógamas con siete especies pertenecientes a la familia Amaranthaceae. Es originaria de Australia y Nueva Zelanda.

Taxonomía
El género fue descrito por Constantine Samuel Rafinesque y publicado en Flora Telluriana 4: 121. 1836[1838]. La especie tipo es:  ''Einadia linifolia

Especies

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Imágenes en Google

Chenopodioideae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How to display the field date (type of data date) in the last 3 months I have this query:
select date
from datetime
where tgl_valuta > TO_DATE('01/01/2019', 'dd-mm-yyyy');

I want to query for the display date in the last three months.

A: Use ADD_MONTHS
select * from datetime where tgl_valuta > add_months(sysdate, -3)

This checks for exactly 3 months behind the current date (sysdate). If you want to compare from first day  of the 3rd previous month, you may add TRUNC with MM option
> TRUNC(add_months(sysdate, -3),'MM')

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Archive for Wizard
Diablo 3 – Beta Preview
[ NOTE: this is my beta preview. I also have a release post on playing the Barbarian 1-60 and a separate one on the Barbarian in Inferno Mode. ]
Finally, the Diablo 3 beta invite showed up in my mailbox. Unfortunately, by the time I got it downloaded and installed I was headed to Vegas for the weekend (which wasn't so bad, really). But as soon as I returned, I fired it up, rolled a toon, and cranked through the 1.5-2 hours it took to defeat the Skeleton King and "finish" the beta. Then I rolled another class. Then another and another until I'd played them all.
General Impressions
Not surprisingly, for a Blizzard game, and one that is only a month from launch, the game looks "finished" and is seemingly bug free. I didn't have any problems. I didn't try any multiplayer but I'm looking forward to it in the release.
Graphics wise, D3 is kinda dark, which wasn't a problem playing at night, but during the sunny hours it was hard to see a lot of detail. I play on a Mac Pro with an Apple 30″ monitor. At full 2500×1600 resolution the game ran fine (I have a ATI Radeon HD 5870 1024 MB). There was occasional slight slowdown as new textures paged in (I think that's what it was because it wasn't during big fights but moving into new areas).
The art is fantastic and everything is modeled in detailed 3D, yet the classic three-quarters pulled back viewpoint limits the options for dynamic camerawork or even the simple ability to show enemies at any real scale. Overall, this substantially reduces the visual drama in favor of more approachable gameplay.
But in that regard, Blizzard does it's usual slick job of babying you into the game. This is in complete contrast to a hardcore RPG like Dark Souls, which does no coddling. Here, you start each class with just one skill, gaining them incrementally as you level. The early quests are easy and straightforward. By the time you get into the depths of the cathedral and to level six or so, the real flavor of the class starts to emerge.
The overall gameplay is, as one of my friends said, like the Diablo II you remember, not as it actually was. If you boot up the aforementioned classic you'll find a 2D game that runs in 800×600 (and that only with the expansion pack installed!). Sure the gameplay is slick, but the late 90s graphics are very dated. The new Diablo brings the same basic experience but updated to perhaps 2007 level technology. And really, it's that great gameplay that matters.
The Barbarian
I'm normally drawn toward dark wizards, and so in D2 I mostly played a Necromancer. In D3, that niche is filled by the Witchdoctor, but neither the pet based nature or the class style really appealed. I decided to try out the Barbarian. Big and plate wearing, this is a very straightforward class. The few skill choices available in the first nine or so levels basically seemed to oscillate between heavy hitting on a single target and non-quite-so heavy hitting on multiple targets. I haven't studied the skill system in detail but it seems to have been simplified, moving away from the elaborate talent trees. Each skill can be powered up or tweaked with runes, and there are several completely distinct skill slots (primary, secondary, defensive, etc) that you can swap in and out skills that belong exclusively in their particular category. For the Barbarian, the primary is a fury generating basic attack and the secondary a harder hitting fury sink.
Progression with the Barbarian was a piece of cake. In the limited scope of the beta I barely even had to chug a health potion, perhaps once. I didn't die at all. Even the Skeleton King was pretty easy. The attacks definitely got more satisfying as they leveled up, but some felt lackluster like the bleed-causing whirlwind. Maybe it gets cooler later. Maybe they aren't done with it.
Still, all and all a very fun class to play.
For my discussion of leveling 1-60 in the final version, see here.
Taking on the Skeleton King
Next I tried out the wizard. This is the ranged magical damage dealer. Overall, this class is much squishier than the Barbarian and I died in one spot (right on returning to the Cathedral where there are three big sub-bosses). You have to watch your health and make sure to kite, mostly using the freeze ray or the frost nova to slow down the badies. I liked the feel of the freeze ray, it's pretty fun. If you tune the skills toward the electrical discharges and the spark-like exploding fireball the wizard can do some serious AOE damage. On one middling outside area I collected a rather large collection of undead and then obliterated them in a big firefight (earning a 60 enemies killed at once achievement). I think there is more pure DPS output here than with the melee classes — in exchange for being fragile.
You have to pay more attention to your resources than the Barbarian. The defensive skill (on the 1 key) is crucial. With the Barbarian it was a sweetener, here, it's key to getting out of the middle of a big cluster of foes (or blasting them down quick if you are using Crystal Armor). Although harder, it was a fun class to play and I'll be torn what to try first in the release version.
Third up I tried the Monk. Squishier than the Barbarian for sure, but fairly similar in that you get right in the thick of thinks and wallop. At the earlier levels the different skills didn't seem as differentiated. Theoretically the Barbarian would be slower and the Monk more nimble, but the Barb is plenty fast, so I'm not sure I yet see a compelling advantage. The teleport TO an enemy rune is kinda cool though.
At about level 7 or 8 things power up a bit and the excitement level rises. The spinning circle of fire and triple punch are real nice. Overall this was an easy class too. I didn't die and pretty much never needed a health pot.
A few days after finishing the monk I felt it was my duty as a Necromancer player and diehard WOW Warlock to try the Witch Doctor. It was immediately obvious that this was a seriously squishy class, even more so than the Wizard. It's harder to kite with too. A lot of the early skills are pets of one sort or another and you have to toss them out there and run. This is true of the spiders and bats. I really didn't like trading the snaring hands for the bats and quickly went back to it. The spiders were okay though. Like the other classes, by the time I got to level 8 or so he was getting fairly powerful. The dogs were fun. The runed version of the grasping hands was a really solid snare and the machine gun blow gun too. Fun to play, but despite the cool theme, I think the Wizard was more straightforward as a ranged caster.
This is the last class I played and thematically the least interesting. The Hunter in WOW never held any interest whatsoever for me and it's the only class I've never rolled. But the D3 Demon Hunter turned out to be pretty fun. Its long range and rapid fire is satisfying and I put an epic? (yellow) bow I got from another tune to good use right from the beginning. The problem with this class, like the Witch Doctor and Wizard, is that it's very squishy. But even more than those other two it becomes problematic when you get mobbed by mobs. The Demon Hunter can go down fast. Now, even given that, I only died on the Skeleton King, but it was the only class where the boss gave me some trouble. Once I learned to kite and stun him and run back and forth for the health balls it was okay, but still harder and slower than the other classes. Up until that point I often felt I was really kicking ass with the DH, but the problem seemed to stem from the classes' lack of AOE. I ended up having to use the "trap" as my slowing and AOE device, laying them down (up to five) in advance. I didn't like the invisible skill very much. The Wizard, while also a ranged squishy, has much better AOE (at least at these early levels).
I enjoy the gearing up minigame in Diablo, always have. My only complaint is the still present need to manage your inventory. It's not as bad as in D2 where one spent a ridiculous amount of time combing the trash from your inventory and leaving it on the dungeon floor, but you still have to do this. The more readily available town portal(s) makes flipping back to sell your crap much easier.
I also don't exactly get what gear you really want for each class. Classes can use a large percentage of the items, which I guess is a good thing, but it's hard to know if a 15.5 dagger is better for a Wizard than a 12.0 wand.
I spent about an hour playing the last two dungeons and the Skeleton King with a pickup group of one other person. This does not represent any exhaustive survey of D3's four player coop mode. Overall, it was fun, and slightly easier. It was also slower as one often had to wait on the other person. That player clearly hadn't run through the whole beta four times already and didn't know exactly where to go like I did :-). I'm assuming multiplayer is the most fun with a good or pre-made four man group. I was playing my monk (repeating the dungeons and she was level 9-11) and they were playing a Demon Hunter about two levels lower. There is no increased loot or particular advantage to playing multiplayer, either. There should be. It's also not very competitive anymore because everyone has their own loot and there is no PVP (that's in a separate non PVE mode like the WOW arenas).
The consistent naming and art elements in Blizzard style are an amusing note. While Diablo is darker and more gothic than WOW there are quite a number of common enemy archetypes. The grotesques (abominations in WOW) are one example. These are a distinctly Blizzard baddie. Many of the spell names (and even the class archetypes) are overlapping. The Demon Hunter fires arrows and drops traps and bombs like the Hunter. The Wizard is like a WOW Mage, even down to having a Frost Nova with nearly identical effect. There was even a skeletal sub-boss with the same name as a Scholo boss.
I can't wait for May 15. In the meantime, watch the Wrath animated short.
Or read my discussion of the Barbarian class, levels 1-60 here.
Find more video game posts here.
Diablo 3 Opening Cinematic
Expansion of the WOW Factor
Book Review: Personal Demons
Tagged as: Barbarian, Battle.net, Blizzard, Blizzard Entertainment, Blizzard North, dark souls, Diablo, Diablo 3, Diablo III, diabloIII, Games, Mac Pro, Monk, roll playing game, RPG, Skeleton King, Video Games, Wizard, World of Warcraft


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This library and polyclinic between St. Marks Place and 9th street on second avenue stand two lively reminders of the city's rich German heritage. Ottendorfer Public Library and Stuyvesant Polyclinic Hospital are two adjoining historic buildings located at 135 and 137 2nd Avenue in the East Village, New York, NY. The buildings were designed by architect William Schickel, and construction began in 1883. The library and clinic buildings were a gift to the City of New York by Anna Ottendorfer (1815–1884), a German immigrant and newspaper publisher.


Willoughby Council is currently consulting on a proposed Special Rate Variation (SRV). A SRV will mean an increase in rates to fund the maintenance and replacement of Willoughby's enormous infrastructure network.
Make sure to read the second page of the brochure.
It is obvious that Council needs to do something about the asset maintenance backlog. However, the rate increases proposed are quite high. I would prefer Council perhaps to seek a 'mid-point' increase. This might ensure Council identifies its 'core business' and reviews its spending on social services.
Another concern is with a high 'front-end' SRV. Council's ability to achieve spending the money and producing tangible outcomes in the short term. Ratepayers might support Council if it can demonstrate that they can actually spend the money according to a long term plan. So perhaps consider going back for a second SRV in 2 or 3 years time.
As a rate payer of 30 years I am appalled that the council is now threatening to cut basic requirement supplied by the council. This situation can only have occurred due to bad management. The basic infustructure of the municipality has always been the responsibility of the council, unlike many of the 'extras' our rates have been squandered on.
We were promised that the Concourse would not affect out rates, prior to its construction. The previous council buildings on this site were not that old and could have been upgraded within our budget. We all have to live within our means. The new building is not inviting to visitors to Chatswood due to the large bank of stairs and mostly being above street view. The open space is hidden behind a restaurant and shops, it also has a large hole in the ground! We don't need an oversized TV screen without sound as there are too many screens to look at as it is. Kids and adults should be able to use an inviting open space to burn off some energy, have a picnic or meeting place etc. As it is, most people just walk straight past it, or just stare like zombies at a silent oversized TV screen without interacting. It should only be uses for special events. What is the cost to run this thing day and night? The old lawn was much more usable and appealing. For the massive expense on the redevelopment it is not much of an improvement for the rate payers.
The council recently replaced every green bin with one exactly the same, regardless of their condition. I assume that the rate payers incurred this unnecessary expense.
The council really needs to have a "Razor Gang" to cut wastage on, oddball grants, staff and hangers on expenses, any travel outside the municipality, empty resources and all expenses that do provide just the basic council requirements to the ratepayer, before asking to increase the rates.
I suppose this suggestion will at best, only result in rounds of meeting and reports, then conclude nothing be done. I am certain if you trimmed the fat we would not be asked to choose between 'option 1 & 2'. If I had to choose, it would be unfortunately Option 1 with a very good Council shake up!
We all have budgets to manage and if your rate payers lived beyond their means, they would also go bust and have to remove themselves from this area. Please do your job properly before being distracted with the 'extras' then saying it is our choice.


We aim to build & introduce the principles of 'social or conscious capitalism' & create more social entrepreneurs to the world by inspiring creation of wealth and abundance with a high value of contribution to society.
Not just that, we have grown into a full fledge digital branding & marketing, solution provider. We don't just simplify social media BUT we also integrate Digital Media as the New Edge of Marketing & Branding on various platforms like web page & mobile application, other than the conventional marketing techniques.
In addition, to make our business unique, we are also capable of BPO (Business Process Outsourcing), CRM (Customer Relationship Management) & Contact Center Operation.


I love naps, they give me energy and let me get through the day. I am lucky in the fact that I can fall asleep most time within a minute.
So much so that I've been to the Dr ab0ut it, a couple of times now actually, I don't really get sick very often and the times I need to go to the Dr's is probably once a year if that on average.
So I've had 3 lots of blood tests done, a probing at the hospital and they say I am fine.
Apparently it comes down to diet, exercise and dehydration.
So I need to look into those more (even though I didn't think I was that bad) and see if there is a change.
I just don't feel right and know that if I keep looking on google I can match my symptoms up to one of many things.
But I'd like to be feeling more awake and being more productive, I have so many things I need to be working on and doing.
I'll keep this updated if I have something that works.


Built-up : 1981 sq. ft. Built-up : 1981 sq. ft.
Built-up : 3552 sq. ft. Built-up : 3552 sq. ft.
Built-up : 3552 sq. ft.
Built-up : 3186 sq. ft. Built-up : 3186 sq. ft.
Built-up : 3531 sq. ft. Built-up : 3531 sq. ft.
Built-up : 3531 sq. ft.
Built-up : 2023 sq. ft. Built-up : 2023 sq. ft.
Built-up : 2023 sq. ft.


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Toorak Times welcomes new members to our creative collective... Be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. You may have to register Sign in with Facebook Connect button where possible at the top of the Front Page to proceed. You don't have to join to read the Toorak Times though, just click on any link, cheers, Mick!
An Investor's perspective of how Australia would fail as a Publicly Listed Company
21 March 2014, 02:23 AM
This article assesses Australia's economic performance by comparing it to a publicly listed company with the population considered as shareholders. Evaluated in this way Australia's management makes for a very poor return to shareholders.
Copyright 2011 - TOORAK TIMES
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Staying competitive in today's economy is important. There are a lot of jobs out there. For example, LegalZoom lists dozens of jobs in a variety of disciplines.
More available jobs means more chances of landing your dream job, but there is also a lot of competition for those jobs. If you want to get hired, you have to make sure you stand out from the other candidates.
That means making sure you have all the right qualifications, but employers are looking for more than just candidates who have graduated from the right programs. They are also looking for soft skills that demonstrate abilities beyond the requirements of each particular job.
Here are five soft skills you should cultivate and add to your resume.
Demonstrating previous examples of times when you helped your team come to a resolution, or created a convincing presentation can demonstrate your communication skills to a potential employer.
Teamwork is a coveted skill at work. It's obvious that it's an important qualification for people who will be working on a team, but it's also something employers look for in employees who have solitary job duties.
Teamwork is more than just working with other people on a common goal. It might mean volunteering your time or skills to another team or person who could use a little help.
In addition, teamwork directly influences company culture. Employees with a team-oriented outlook are more likely to create a supportive, friendly atmosphere. That makes coming to work every morning more pleasant, but it also enables the company to hire and retain top talent.
The world of work has changed a lot since the days when manufacturing ruled the world. It used to be that people went into work and did the same things over and over again, but all that is changing.
Automation and technology have made many of those jobs obsolete, and they're being replaced with jobs that require problem solving skills.
Problem solving is an important skill to foster. Not only will it make life less stressful for you, because you'll know how to face problems head-on, it will make you an asset to any employer.
No matter how talented you are in a certain area, it's all for nothing if your employer doesn't get your best every day. That's where work ethic comes in.
Work ethic includes things that are extremely difficult to teach and learn. If you can demonstrate them on your resume, you'll set yourself apart from other applicants who are applying for the same position.
Every job has its unique stresses. No matter how well planned, things will always go at least a little differently than you expected. Your adaptability is your ability to deal with those changes.
Workplaces look for this soft skill in their employees because changes can happen quickly in the modern workplace. Employees who are able to roll with the punches, make changes, and still adhere to deadlines are an asset to every company, no matter what their job description.
That includes technology. Companies are changing programs and updating platforms on a regular basis. Demonstrating your ability to embrace change is a great way to show a potential employer your true worth.
Your resume may be full of your past experience and educational background, but it isn't just your degree and previous jobs employers want to know about. Make sure you're the kind of candidate companies really want to hire by cultivating and adding these soft skills to your resume.


In Their Own Words is a SPECIAL exhibition of the work of Catksills women artists at The Hobart Community Center as part of the Hobart Festival of Women Writers 2018, September 7, 8, & 9th. The Hobart Community Center, 80 Cornell Avenue, Hobart, New York.
In Their Own Words, curated by acclaimed artist, Tracy Jacknow.
Lisbeth Firmin is a contemporary American realist known for her urban landscapes. For over five decades her work has been in hundreds of solo and group show across the country and internationally.
Her process involves bold applications of energetic marks and strokes, producing an abstract interplay of shapes that fall into place when viewed from a distance. She is not interested in producing a literal translation of her subject matter, but strives to ride the line between abstraction and realism.
Margot Farrington makes collage and mixed media works and considers them companions to her poems and other writing.
Deep pictorial space and dynamic composition interest me, and often elements of the fantastic as well. My "dreamscapes" (a term that might serve as applied to my collages) represent places I'd like to visit. Their occupants—when there are any—dwell in realms only partially recognized, while the rest, hopefully, strange or mysterious, beckon. It is, of course, my hope that other viewers wish to go there too and to linger.
Bobbi Goldman has been involved in felting mainly but also sculpture, photography and papermaking. She resides on her homestead in South Gilboa with her family.
I have been drawing from the model since I was 16 years old and have never tired of the human figure. I have recently worked with two groups, one in Andes and one in Delhi. The drawing session in Andes focuses on the croquis-very rapid poses segueing into 40min. at most, whereas the sessions in Delhi focus on one pose only-and sometimes for two or three sessions in a row. I have to say that, as far as fun goes, I prefer the croquis but the extended poses push me to work with tone in a way that is much more considered than in the rapid sketches. It is all a lesson in any case and not one I mind grappling with! I hope you enjoy my work as much as I have enjoyed making it.
I see my surroundings through the medium of paint. My work bears connection to both Romanticism and NY Abstract Expressionism. The oil paintings are queer, abstract and intimate scenes, from the roof of my lower east side neighborhood and my Transcendentalist cabin in the Catskills.
Susan Rochmis is a graduate of Pratt Institute who has lived in Delaware County since 1984. She is a portrait artist and a movement therapist. She teaches Theatre Arts at SUNY Delhi.
Riddles have been popular throughout cultures and history. The ninety-five Anglo-Saxon Riddle-Poems from the thousand-year-old Exeter Book are not only a commentary on the way people in Britain lived those many years ago (during the so-called "Dark Ages") but also on our contemporary lives.
Using the wilderness as my frame of reference is of primary importance. Not only is it visually exciting but it also inherently spiritual, I have a strong connection to the wild, an awareness of the energies and patterns that we share with nature, a loss of separateness from the earth.
The Art Works exhibited for In Their Own Image will be available for sale during Hobart Festival of Women Writers 2018. For Information and purchase, go to the Book Sales Table at the Hobart Community Center, 80 Cornell Avenue, Hobart, New York.
Please support Hobart Festival of Women Writers Indiegogo Fundraising Campaign. We've been here for sixth straight years because of the generosity of our community of givers. Thank you for any contribution.


Share The New Red Moons's EPK!
Here's a beautiful track from Milwaukee's The New Red Moons. Boy/girl harmonies meld with some pretty guitar work and subtle percussion to produce a very nice little indie gem. The lyrics tell a nice story, and the overall vibe is gentle and relaxing. "Denver" comes off the band's self-titled debut LP which you can pick up right meow! So go get it. You certainly won't be disappointed.
Since the release of their self-titled debut album in July 2011, The New Red Moons have been working feverishly to spread the good news of their brand of indie rock to the great lakes region. Performing to growing audiences in Milwaukee, Chicago, and the surrounding area, the band has garnered praise from listeners and critics alike for their live performances as well as their album, which has been called an "indie gem"(Music That Isn't Bad) and has received air-play on 88.9Radio Milwaukee and WMSE. Not the lazy types, the trio is now completing work on their second full-length album, which should be out this fall.
Conceived among the falling leaves of a midwest autumn and born on a cold Milwaukee night in January 2009, The New Red Moons is a trio of Milwaukee musicians who together have forged sound unto themselves. The songs draw inspiration form all over the musical map of the last century, skirting the line between Folk, Rock, and Americana, with generous helpings of Tin Pan Alley, Gospel, and 50's Roots Rock. The sound is melodic, haunting, and sultry; driven by economic and rhythmic instrumentals overlaid by soaring vocal lines and lush harmonies. The result has been compared to The Beatles, Radiohead, Nick Drake, Fleet Foxes and many others.
Last autumn, the band began recording their second album, which is in post-production now, and should be released in November. They couldn't be more excited to bring these newest songs to audience around the midwest, and are looking forward to an autumn full of gigs.


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Colleges with good architecture programs
What college has the best architecture program?
The Top 10 Architecture Graduate Programs
2 Columbia University
3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T. )
4 Cornell University
5 Yale University
What colleges have the happiest students?
To help with that, we have ranked the top 50 schools with the happiest freshmen. Top 10 Colleges and Universities with the Happiest Freshmen.
1 Wellesley College Wellesley, MA
2 United States Military Academy West Point, NY
What college has the best linguistics program?
Specific subject
# RANK 2020 2019 2018 2017 2018
1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT ) 99.3
2 University of Massachusetts Amherst 93.2
3 Harvard University 92.2
4 University of Cambridge 90.8
What colleges offer bachelor's of architecture?
Here are the 20 Best Bachelor's Degrees in Architecture for 2020!
1 The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX
2 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA
3 California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, CA
4 University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA
What is the most useless degree?
So, without further ado, these are the 10 most useless degrees in the world. Culinary arts. Budding chefs may previously have thought that culinary college is a no-brainer, but recent statistics actually suggest otherwise. Fashion design. Art history. Music. Biology. Communications. Liberal arts. Studio arts and fine art.
Who is the richest architect?
What are the most stressful colleges?
The 50 Most Stressful Colleges Columbia University (New York, NY) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, MA) University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA) Harvard University (Cambridge, MA) Vanderbilt University (Nashville, TN) Carnegie Mellon University (Pittsburgh, PA)
You might be interested: Best architecture firms to work for
What is the most fun college?
The 30 most fun colleges in America Providence College . Rice University. Florida State University. University of Florida. Sam Greenwood/Getty Images. Auburn University. Flickr / Auburn Alumni Association. Wabash College . Wabash College /Facebook. Gonzaga University. William Mancebo/Stringer/Getty. Loyola Marymount University. Loyola Marymount University/Facebook.
Do Harvard students have fun?
It's very true that Harvard students are driven, ambitious and smart, but that doesn't mean they don't have fun . Though this may be changing, when I was there, Harvard had no social center on campus. Social activities tended to take place in the Houses (which all have social committees and put on events) or off-campus.
Do linguists make good money?
Salary: One of the main perks of the job is that your salary can stack up high, with the average forensic linguist in the US making somewhere between US$40,000 and $100,000.
Who is the best linguist in the world?
5 World-Famous Linguists You Should Know Pānini. A list of famous linguists would be remiss not to start with the Father of the scientific study himself. Ferdinand de Saussure . The Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure is a forefather of linguistics and semiotics. Noam Chomsky . Eve Clark. Mark Zuckerberg.
Is Linguistics a hard major?
Difficulty of a subject is a highly subjective matter. Linguistics is an extensive, multifaceted field of study with many internal disciplines and directions of study and focus, like any science. There's lots to do, lots to learn and try to understand and/or uncover.
Is architecture the hardest degree?
1. College Major : Architecture . Architecture tops the list of hardest working college majors, with students averaging 22.2 hours of study time each week. While job prospects for architects are expected to grow four percent between 2016 and 2026, that's slower than average for most other positions.
You might be interested: Cal poly college of architecture
Which is best for architecture?
Architecture graduates are a good fit for any job requiring creative and visual proficiencies, technical ability and knowledge of buildings. Current top for Arts & humanities.
Harvard University 6th
The University of Chicago 7th
University of California, Berkeley 8th
Princeton University 9th
Is Harvard good for architecture?
Harvard University, Cornell University, and Auburn University are three of the best schools for architecture . They were all nationally ranked by Design Intelligence in 2016 and the first two are Ivy League schools. Also, they all offer relevant programs at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.
Unreal engine for architecture
University of texas at austin architecture


Can you canvass for Jennifer Lewis and Tim Kaine on Saturday June 16?
Wasting no time, we will launch our first door-to-door canvass (in Lexington) on Saturday June 16 on behalf of our of our Democratic candidates in the November election: Jennifer Lewis for Congress from the Sixth District and Time Kaine for the U.S. Senate.
Future canvasses will cover Rockbridge County and Buena Vista.
If you can participate, please let Samantha know (including which shift you would prefer). Her email is: samantha.litchford@virginiavictory.org.


Skn Essentials will service the requirement against orders of the customers through courier.
The courier charges will be actual & will have to be borne by the buyer at the time of collection of ordered goods.
In the event the ordered goods are not accepted by the buyers for what so, ever reasons Skn Essentials will have the right to adjust the courier expenses from the advance received against buyers order.


Several studies have mentioned network modularity—that a network can easily be decomposed into subgraphs that are densely connected within and weakly connected between each other—as a factor affecting metabolic robustness. In this paper we measure the relation between network modularity and several aspects of robustness directly in a model system of metabolism.
By using a model for generating chemical reaction systems where one can tune the network modularity, we find that robustness increases with modularity for changes in the concentrations of metabolites, whereas it decreases with changes in the expression of enzymes. The same modularity scaling is true for the speed of relaxation after the perturbations.
Modularity is not a general principle for making metabolism either more or less robust; this question needs to be addressed specifically for different types of perturbations of the system.
Copyright: © 2011 Petter Holme. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: This work was supported by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, the Swedish Research Council, and the WCU program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of the Republic of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) (R31-2008-000-10029-0). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Graph theoretical methods are useful to study the large-scale organization of biological systems . One such system is the metabolism—the set of chemical reactions needed to sustain the normal, healthy state of an organism. We call a graph derived from a metabolic reaction system a metabolic network. One of the main findings from statistical studies of metabolic networks is that the metabolism has larger network modularity ,  —the tendency for a network to be divisible into subgraphs that are densely connected within, and sparsely connected between each other—than expected . However, metabolic networks are far from perfectly modular—no matter how the network modules are defined, there will be plenty of connections between them –. The network modules are often interpreted as biological modules—functionally independent subunits . This interpretation is a natural consequence of interpreting edges as functional couplings of relatively equal strength. Despite the lack of comprehensive experimental evidence, metabolism is assumed to be robust to e.g. changes in concentration of metabolites . Modularity is often thought to contribute to the robustness of various biological systems –. But if this is true for metabolism too, that modularity contributes to both functionality and robustness, then how come there are so many cross-modular couplings? One explanation could be that these couplings are inevitable—the laws of physics give no way of avoiding intermodular connections. Another explanation could be that the intermodular edges actually stabilize the system so that the organization we observe is a compromise where adding functionality increases modularity and adding robustness decreases modularity. Such a role of modularity relates to the concept of distributed robustness —if a module fails, many other modules can collectively compensate for this loss, there need not be any replacement module. In terms of metabolic networks, this means that there will be many connections between the modules and thus that the network modularity will be comparatively low. In this paper we investigate the role of network modularity in large chemical reaction systems as directly as possible—by measuring the system's response to different types of perturbations in a model with tunable network modularity.
Our simulations start by generating a chemical reaction system. This generative algorithm is stochastic and by tuning the input parameters, we can control the expected network modularity (Fig. 1) . Then we generate a random distribution of metabolites and relax the system to equilibrium (using mass-action kinetics with an implicit enzymatic control). From this state, we apply a certain type of perturbation to the system and let it relax to a new equilibrium. To quantify robustness, we measure how close the two equilibria are to each other. We also measure the relaxation time, i.e. how fast the system can respond to the perturbation (and for that reason, we do not employ faster calculations of the equilibrium state , ). In Fig. 2 we show an example of these steps. As the reaction system is generated by a stochastic method we repeat the procedure above to obtain averages. For each value of the input parameters, we measure average values over 500 realizations of all steps above of both the network modularity and the quantities characterizing robustness. From these data points we derive trends in the modularity-dependence of different aspects of robustness.
Figure 1. Example of the reduction from reaction systems to substance graphs and the generation of modular reaction systems.
In A we see how the two substrates and one product (circles) of a reaction (triangle) gets reduced to a substance graph. An arrow going into a reaction marks the substrate, an arrow going out marks the product. Panel B illustrates a reaction system obtained with the method of the manuscript. The parameter values for this reaction-system example are , , , and . The algorithm proceeds by assembling reactions and metabolites in disjoint clusters (the three larger clusters of distinct colors). Then we add a fraction of metabolites and reactions that can connect to any parts of the system. The larger this fraction of global reactions is, the lower is the network modularity of the projected network.
Figure 2. The procedure to measure robustness.
The figure illustrates a reaction system at equilibrium visualized by its reaction graph A, getting perturbed by redistributing the mass of (in this case two) metabolites B and how the system relaxes to another equilibrium (c,d). The concentration is illustrated by the size of the circles (the total mass, not the concentration is conserved, so the total areas of the circles are not the same in the different panels). The change in concentration is indicated by color. A metabolite unaffected by the perturbation is colored black.
Robustness is a broad concept that hardly can be condensed into one measure, even for a system as specific as metabolism. In general, robustness can be defined as a system's ability to remain unchanged when perturbed. One can imagine several types of perturbations. We investigate two rather different classes—changes in concentrations of metabolites and changes in the reaction system (new reactions replacing old) by genetic control. We refer to the first case as metabolic perturbations and the second as genetic perturbations. We will also distinguish between: if the perturbations are localized to one module, or if they can appear anywhere in the network. In total we consider four classes of perturbations—they can be either localized or global, and metabolic or genetic.
The main robustness measure, defined in the Methods section, is basically the relative change in the concentration of a metabolite averaged over a set of metabolites. We consider two such sets, either the whole set of metabolites, which gives the system-wide robustness , or the metabolites that are perturbed giving the focal robustness .
In Fig. 3, we plot the average values of our robustness measures as functions of the average network modularity . The robustness to global metabolic perturbations increases while the robustness to perturbations within a module remains fairly constant (Fig. 3A). If one looks only at the metabolites that were originally perturbed (Fig. 3A), the situation is different—these metabolites are more affected by sudden shifts in the concentrations the more modular the system is. This seems logical—if the modularity is lower, the coupling to the rest of the network is stronger, so there are more metabolites to influence the relaxation and to absorb the perturbation. The fact that the system is more robust to global, compared to localized, perturbations can be explained in a similar way—a localized perturbation gives a larger impact on a restricted subsystem and this subsystem cannot absorb that large impact as much as the whole system would. But why does the system-wide robustness increase with modularity? One scenario is that metabolic perturbations are better absorbed in a distributed fashion. With global perturbations and high modularity each module handles its internal perturbations and, if this fails, flows between the modules are too weak for the perturbation to spread.
Figure 3. Robustness vs. modularity.
Panels A and B show data for the robustness against metabolic perturbations. A displays robustness of the system as a whole; B shows the robustness measured over the perturbed metabolites only. Panels C and D show the corresponding plots for robustness against genetic perturbations. Circles represent perturbations made in one module; crosses indicate data for perturbations made in different modules. The data is averaged over more than 500 runs (network realizations). The errorbars in the average are smaller than the symbol size.
For the genetic perturbations all curves are decreasing, meaning that modularity makes the system less robust. These perturbations virtually add new reactions and delete old. Even if the perturbations are designed not to affect the average structure of the system (keeping e.g. the system size and the modularity constant), they obviously affect more than the metabolic perturbations (cf. Fig. 3A and Fig. 3C). A network module can presumably not handle a genetic perturbation as efficient as a metabolic perturbation. Another factor for the decreasing -curve could be that the interface between the modules can change from the perturbations and that the interfaces get more influential with increasing modularity. As seen in Fig. 3D, the localized perturbations influence the directly affected metabolites (the ones that are involved in reactions changed by the genetic perturbations) less strongly than the global perturbations. From the changes at the interfaces, we can understand that localized perturbations affect the rest of the system to a greater deal here than compared with metabolic perturbations. is larger for the local compared with global genetic perturbations meaning that for metabolites within a single module rewired by genetic perturbations the changes will be larger than if the perturbations are more distributed.
In Fig. 4, we show the relaxation time as a function of modularity. A small value means that the system reaches its new equilibrium fast. This dynamic response is different for the two types of perturbations—the system reaches its new state faster with higher modularity for the metabolic perturbations, but slower with the genetic ones. The decreasing curves for metabolic perturbations is in line with the above mentioned scenario that if modules handle the perturbations independently, then the more modular the system is the better (in this case faster) is the recovery. That, for genetic perturbations, robustness increases with modularity is something we interpret as an effect of the changed couplings across at the boundary. The stronger the modularity is, the slower is the flow between the modules and the longer does the system need to find a new equilibrium.
Figure 4. Relaxation time vs. modularity.
Panel A displays the corresponding data for perturbations in the concentrations of metabolites. Panel B shows the relaxation time for genetic perturbations within one module (circles) or the whole system (crosses). The data represents averages over more than 500 runs (the same runs as in Fig. 3).
We have, in a model framework, directly measured the effects of network modularity on the robustness of chemical reaction systems. The main conclusion is that modularity does affect robustness but not in a unique way. Modularity is thus, it seems, not a general principle for either strengthening or weakening robustness, not even in such a specific system as metabolism. When relating robustness and modularity, one needs to specify what kind of perturbation we measure robustness against. For sudden changes icn concentration levels, in our model, more modular reaction systems are more robust and converge to an equilibrium state faster than less modular systems. If, on the other hand, the genetic control is altered—so that other enzymes are expressed—then modularity decreases robustness. In an evolutionary perspective, this essentially means that we need more detailed studies. Real metabolic networks are more modular (in the network-modularity sense) than random networks, but still far from, say, a system engineered by humans . One scenario is that robustness is key driving force in evolution of metabolic-network structure and that this weakly modular structure above comes from trade-offs between robustness-increasing and robustness-decreasing changes in modularity. However, functionality and chemical constraint probably also play a major role in this evolution. Note that if one considers smaller feedback loops as modules, rather than network clusters, evolution is by necessity modular in the sense that adding the production of a new substance often needs the addition of its degradation (this is because many substances cannot penetrate the cell membrane and would be toxic if accumulated). The conclusion that modularity does not affect robustness in a single direction has further implications for synthetic biology that often, at least theoretically, strives to design functionality from combination of modules , —our study hints the such an approach would not give robustness for free.
For the future, we anticipate more studies cataloguing the principles of robustness, and the effects of modularity. We believe model studies like the present are the best theoretical way to proceed. An alternative is to compare the modularity of different organisms  to find changes in the modularity over the course of evolution, but in such an approach it would be hard to tease apart fundamental physical constraints from evolutionary pressure. It would of course also be interesting to experimentally compare the response of different organisms, or cell types, with metabolism of different network modularity to perturbations. Further into the future, we hope for experimental methods to measure the dynamics of the entire chemical composition of cells.
We consider a reaction system of metabolites and reactions . A reaction is characterized by its substrates , their multiplicities , its products and their multiplicities , and a reaction coefficient . Consider, for example, the reaction 2H + O 2 H O. Then we have , is H , is O , , , is H O and . From a reaction system one can derive a graph , where ( in this case) is the set of vertices of the graph and is the set of edges. One can define several types of metabolic graphs. In this work we focus on substance graphs (claimed to encode more functional information about the graphs than other simple-graph representations , ), where the vertices are substances and there is an (undirected) edge between two vertices if they are either substrates or products of the same reaction (edges between a vertex to itself is not allowed). In the example above, the reaction will contribute with three edges— , and —to the substance graph (see Fig. 1A).
We will shortly discuss how network modularity is calculated. For a more comprehensive review, see Refs. , . Let the vertex set be partitioned into groups and let denote the fraction of edges between group and . The modularity of this partition is defined as (1)where the sum is over all the vertex groups. The term is the expectation value of in a random graph. The measure for graph modularity that we use is — maximized over all partitions (by a heuristics proposed in Ref. ). Comparing of graphs with different sizes and degree distributions is not completely straightforward. Even for networks generated by one particular model (that one would from construction expect to have the same modularity) can vary with the network size . Fortunately, for this work, such changes are monotonous. This means that we can use to detect changes in robustness in response to changes in modularity even though the particular functional forms of the curves of robustness vs. are hard to interpret.
In this section, we will sketch the model of reaction systems with tunable network modularity. The model we use treats atoms of the molecular species explicitly. The set of all atoms is divided into groups (or proto-modules) of equal size . reactions are added to the system such that they obey mass conservation (for all atom species, the number of individuals is the same for substrates and products). reactions are added between molecules consisting of atoms from the same group. The remaining reactions are added between molecules of any atomic composition. For low -values, relatively few reactions will connect different groups and therefore the derived network modularity will be low. If is close to one, the derived graphs will be more modular. The molecules are constructed by randomly combining atoms of a group. Reactions are generated by randomly splitting and recombining molecules. If the mass conservation is broken, or the reaction already exists in the data set, then the molecule construction is repeated. If no reaction fulfilling mass conservation has been found after iterations, then this is done by defining new molecules. With a larger value of , the substance graphs will thus be both denser and have fewer metabolites ( is, perhaps a little unusually, an output of the model, whereas is a control parameter).
There are a number of other technicalities, like how the molecules are constructed from the atoms etc., that are explained in detail in Ref. . We also modify the algorithm of Ref.  when it comes to inter-group reactions. In Ref.  these always act as sources and sinks (so that there is never a flow between modules); here all inter-group reactions are bridges between the modules (so that these reactions have at least one substrate in one group and one product in the other).
In this work we use the parameter values , , and (the values of the other parameters, related to the details in Ref.  are the same as in that paper).
To simulate the biochemical dynamics, we use simple mass-action kinetics. This approach is, technically speaking, assuming all enzymatic effects can be encoded into the reaction coefficients and the reaction system itself. The main reason for this simplification is that, when speaking about network modularity, enzymes are usually only included implicitly (via the active reactions), so to relate the robustness to network modularity we need a kinetic description of the same level of description. Given a reaction system generated by the scheme above we assign a rate constant to each reaction drawn from a normal distribution (the sign of defines the direction of the reaction) and initial concentration of a substance in (setting negative concentrations to zero). From this starting point, we use the kinetic equation (2)where the sum is over all reactions with as a product, where is 's multiplicity in the reaction . To simulate the metabolic flux we also add source and sink terms to Eq. 2 for some metabolites. We let all the metabolites that are not substrates of any reaction be sinks (otherwise their mass would just accumulate) and all metabolites that are not a product of any reaction to be sources. In practice there will always be both sources and sinks in the generated reaction systems. (If the reaction systems would be generated in some other way one would need to put in sources and sinks explicitly.) We model the outflux by letting the sink-metabolites flow out of the system with a rate proportional to times the concentration of the metabolite. In our simulations we use . We keep the inflow rate the same as the outflow rate so that the total mass is conserved. The inflow is distributed to the inflow metabolites in proportion to , a random variable for each inflow metabolite drawn from a distribution when the reaction system is generated.
We use in this simulations. Higher precision in or does not change the outcome significantly. In this paper we use the parameter values , , , , , and .
Since we exclude genetic control and explicit enzymes in our reaction-system kinetics, we have to model the genetic perturbations indirectly. This is on the other hand quite straightforward. We replace randomly chosen reactions following the same rules as when the reaction system was first constructed. For local perturbations, the reactions are chosen from one randomly selected cluster (identified by the cluster-detection algorithm above). A reaction is associated to the module to which a majority of its metabolites are categorized (if there is a tie, we select a cluster randomly). In this process, new metabolites will inevitably be generated and others possibly deleted. To conserve mass in case the number of metabolites changes, we split the mass of the deleted metabolites equally among the new. We also go over the system and update the sources and sinks in the same way as when the reaction system was constructed.
Analogously to the genetic perturbations, we also require the metabolic perturbations to conserve the total mass. We control the magnitude of the perturbation by a parameter by requiring that (4)where is the total mass of metabolite before the perturbation and is the total mass after, and is a set of metabolites. In practice the masses have a right-skewed, heavy tailed distribution (as observed in real systems ). This means that if we just continue adding metabolites randomly until the condition Eq. (4) is fulfilled, and is not very small (we use ), we will have to perturb a rather large fraction of the metabolites. To get around this problem, consider a set of metabolite pairs. For the local perturbations, we choose a cluster (as detected by the algorithm above) at random as and add pairs of metabolites picked at random to until the condition is met or all there are no metabolites left in the cluster. For the global perturbations we let and split the metabolites into two sets and where the total mass of any metabolite in is larger than any metabolite in and is as small as possible such that the total mass of is larger than . In our simulations always has more elements than . Then we add pairs where one metabolite is randomly selected from and one is randomly selected from until Eq. (4) is true.
Any measure of robustness should increase the more similar the system is before and after a perturbation. For biological functionality, it could be just as important to keep the concentrations of rare metabolites steady as those of the most abundant ones. Let be the concentration of metabolite before the perturbation and be the concentration after. A natural choice would be to take the average over the metabolites of the change rescaled by the typical concentration of as a measure of unrobustness (and thus its reciprocal value as a measure of robustness). As "typical concentration" one choice is the average. In practice, the metabolites that are very close to zero in concentration can give a rather large signal due just to numerical errors. To suppress such numerical noise, we rather use the quadratic mean, which decreases the expression's sensitivity to fluctuations in the denominator in the frequent situation that the concentrations are close to zero, thus putting a lower weight on the more uncertain terms. Our robustness measure thus becomes (5)where is a set of metabolites and denotes the absolute value of a number or the number of elements of a set. We consider two versions of this measure, one averaged over the whole set of metabolites, which we call system-wide perturbations , and one averaged over the metabolites directly affected by the perturbations (the metabolites participating in a reaction catalyzed by a perturbed enzyme in the case of genetic perturbations or, trivially, the perturbed metabolites of a metabolic perturbation), which we refer to as focal robustness .
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Cats, Coffee, Companionship...And More Cats
Le Cat Café is a café with cats, which is a thing now, apparently.
By STEPH BARRON
"A long time ago, I found a cat that needed a home," says Kathy Jordan, president and founder of Green Street Rescue. "And, like potato chips, one cat leads to another." Since then, she has rescued over 3,000 cats and founded "Le Cat Café," a multifaceted establishment. Its purposes include educating people about getting their cats fixed in order to prevent unwanted kittens from being born and about the need to take care of strays, as well as introducing people who have never had a pet about how great it is to own one and encouraging people to adopt. It's like a regular cafe, but instead of offering a selection of sandwiches and pastries, it offers a chance to get to know cats in need of a home over coffee. "It's taking our living rooms and making them public," says Kathy. "And the more cats get adopted, the more cats we can take off the street. So when you adopt one cat, you're really saving two."
She sits at a round, Parisian café–style table at "Le Cat Café," in a sweatshirt that bears the slogan "I just want to drink wine, rescue cats and take naps." Volunteer Katie Schwartz clears the other tables in the café in preparation for the weekly "Cats and Mats" yoga class, a time for the humans in the café to relax and for the cats to rest, join or interfere as they wish. Cheerio, apparently named for the color of his fur, leaps up onto the chair next to her and puts his paws on the table. He wants to be interviewed too.
Cheerio was found by an elderly woman who used to feed the stray cats around her Philadelphia home. Not having the money or resources to help the dehydrated, overheated cat on that 110–degree day, she emailed Kathy asking her to rescue him. Kathy took him to the vet, got him "snipped," vaccinated and tested, got rid of his fleas and parasites, and brought him home. "And he became Cheerio, the silly, happy, loveable boy he is," says Kathy, as Cheerio dives for the squeaky toy that his best friend, a black–and–white cat named Kinky Boots, is playing with.
Green Street Rescue receives many complaints about filthy vagrant cats in the city. "They [the complainants] don't associate a cat on the street with a cat that's adoptable. They can't see Cinderella in the cat that's on the street," says Kathy.
Unlike other cat café's, "Le Cat Café" rescues the cats themselves instead of going to an animal shelter. "We rescue them from the street, in the dead of winter or the heat of summer, pregnant, sick, injured, homeless, filthy, starving," says Kathy. "We see them go from rags to riches, from living outside and suffering to going to sleep on a king–sized bed…We know these cats intimately from the day of rescue."
Katie pushes a small box on wheels out of the way to clear more space. Snoops, a white cat covered in black and brown patches, doesn't move from the shadows of the bottom shelf. She was found in North Philadelphia having given birth to a litter of kittens. "Le Cat Café" had three single kittens, all of whom needed a nursing mother. Snoops took them on. She nursed for almost three months before all of the kittens were adopted. She hid for her first few days at the café, but, according to Kathy, "she's learning that it's not so bad."
Kathy believes that a "cat person" is "someone who has compassion, someone who enjoys companionship." Katie agrees, and she adds that one of the major differences between "cat people" and "dog people" is "you don't really own a cat, you're just comfortable co–existing with it."
In the high stress, commitment–phobic and often impersonal environment Penn students inhabit, adopting a cat—or at least paying a visit to some—might just be exactly what we need.


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Ogugu is a community of Igala-speaking people in the Olamaboro Local Government Area of the Kogi State in north central Nigeria. Ogugu people have a culture that has been misunderstood by other Igalas. It is called Ibegwu, literally meaning ancestors. It is believed that ancestors watch over their progeny to stop them from doing mischief. For instance, an Ogugu man can not be a party to premeditated murder. He would be 'arrested' by Ibegwu. He would be struck by some mysterious ailment, the cure to which is a public confession and performance of the necessary rituals for cleansing. According to the ancestral rules, a married woman cannot have an affair with any other man. The same punishment cited above applies. Some have argued that if a man has the liberty to flirt, a woman should also have the same right. They are predominantly subsistence farmers.
Ibegwu culture is all encompassing to a woman. She is expected to be submissive to her husband in all aspect and everything she does must be with his consent.

Onoja Oboni's personality and heritage has been shrouded in mythical imagery over time. Ranging from being the Son of Eri, the grandson of Aganapoje to being a descendant of one of the Idah royal families; the priestly sub-clan of Obajeadaka in Okete-ochai-attah. The key areas of consensus are; he was a master strategist, slave raider and trader, conqueror, coloniser and imperialist. Added to these were his diplomacy, expansionist traits and the acculturation of conquered territories.

References

Alex Ojonimi Agbobaba (Adapted from Ogugu Folklores and Oral Traditions)

Ethnic groups in Nigeria