Ich habe letzte Woche (23.-24.07.) am hochinteressanten Workshop "Mapping Transnational Space" an der York University in Toronto, Kanada, teilgenommen.
Der Workshop thematisierte Kartierungen transnationaler Räume aus einer kritischen Perspektive. Regionale Schwerpunkte lagen auf den Grenzen Nordamerikas, der Europäischen Union sowie von Palästina/Israel. In der letztgenanten Session haben Jess Bier und ich jeweils einen Vortrag gehalten. Jess hat ein Kapitel aus ihrer Dissertation vorgestellt, in welchem sie die Einführung einer "professionellen" nationalen palästinensischen Kartographie in der Phase nach den Oslo-Verträgen untersucht hat.
I'm working on a PhD project titled "web 2.0 cartography in the middle east conflict".
What I present you here is a central line of argumentation for that project. However, so far I haven't done much empirical research to back the assumptions I'll make today. So all of this is still in a rather preliminary state and I'll of course be happy to hear critical comments and new ideas.
What old game am I talking about?
In the context of the Middle East Conflict, which is, at its core, a conflict about territory, maps have always been of highest political importance. The course of national borders, the selection and signature of certain places and even the language of textual map elements are political choices a cartographer makes during the creation of a map. Each of these elements contains codes, indicating whether a Palestinian or an Israeli landscape is represented on a map. The conflict has, unsurprisingly, a long and rich tradition of contested cartographies from various actors and perspectives. It started, I shall argue, with Zionist maps from the late 19th century onwards to help establishing a Jewish state. Drawing on a mythical semi-secular interpretation of the bible, early Zionists combined divine elements with a modern nationalist agenda. Thus, the land which god promised to his chosen people should serve as a territorial base for a modern secular Jewish state. To this end, a strong geographical imagination was constructed, portraying Palestine as an empty and uninhabited land waiting for its right masters to return home at last.
The portrayed image had been distilled in the famous Zionist phrase "A Land without a People for a People without a Land".
Until today, both Israeli and Palestinian maps follow this rhetoric of ignoring and silencing the other. Be it in official Israeli maps that wiped away the green line, or maps of the Palestinian authority which do not name the state of Israel, nor any cities that have been founded there since Ottoman times.
By using these examples I do not intend to reduce the conflict to a question of territorial authority. Nor do I want to oversimplify Israeli or Palestinian nationalist movements. Indeed both nationalisms are contested and challenged from within "their own society" as much as from "the other side". What I want to emphasize here is how sensitive the issue of mapping is in this context, because every attempt to map one side has worked at least partially to violate the right of existence of the other. Both nationalisms are in their territorial dimension absolutely incompatible, as the iconic 'geobodies' of Israel and Palestine illustrate (next slide).
Although mechanisms of exclusion can be found in every map in (or of) the world, the cartographic discourse in the context of Israel/Palestine is heavily challenged and contested – I think more than in most other places.
…when the organizations Fatah and PLFP created first counter-maps in the aftermath of the October War 1967. This poster was made by the Fatah in 1978, showing a map of whole Palestine in Arabic which ignores Israel or any Jewish presence completely.
In what follows now I argue that this old game is recently being played by new rules, as cartography is being transformed in the internet. This affects foremost the constellations of involved actors in cartography.
The term web 2.0 refers to developments of the internet since around 2000. Generally spoken, it describes a growing degree of interactivity due to new opportunities for users to create or modify contents of the web themselves, instead of just receiving, or consuming them. Think of examples like Wikipedia or Facebook, where all contents are user generated via crowdsourcing. Traditional distinctions between producers and consumers or professionals and amateurs often become fuzzy and contested in this environment. One prominent example for such a rearrangement of established structures is the realm of cartography. In recent years with the rise of online mapping platforms, mapping has been performed increasingly by non-professionals. Web 2.0-mapping is thus leading to a renegotiation of power relations and actor-networks in the realm of applied cartography.
In the following, I'll show different types of web 2.0-maps to give an overview both, of the technological spectrum of web 2.0-maps and the contents of the maps, showing new ways to map the region or the conflict itself.
This silde shows a map from the website "Kan Garim" (meaning "living here" in hebrew). Kan Garim is a webpage for the Israeli housing market. The yellow placemarks on the Google basemap symbolize available tenements in Israel. The subset shows Jerusalem and its surroundings. One can recognize from the course of the green line (dashed in grey), that the website offers rental properties on both sides of the internationally recognized border. Needless to say, the website is only in Hebrew language and is not designed for Palestinian dwelling seekers. I argue that this map potentially lowers emotional thresholds for Israeli citizens to become settlers in the West Bank. By doing so, it is a highly political map, created off-side the classical realms of cartography.
Here is a map mashup from the website of Zochrot, an Israeli activist organization which tries to raise attention for the Nakba in the Israeli public sphere. On a basemap from OpenStreetMap this map shows Arab villages that have been destroyed during or after the first Arab-Israeli war 1948/49. Thus, this map is a time-hybrid in a sense, displaying a current representation of Israel (the OSM-basemap) and confronting it radically with "the Palestinian others", that the Israeli society has tried to swamp out for more than half a century. The destroyed and concealed proof that there never was a land without a people is suddenly back in the Israeli present.
Another type of web 2.0-maps are collaborative basemaps. The basemaps which map mashups employ can be created or modified by "the crowd". In this case they have to cope with the complexity and ambivalence of mapping Israel/Palestine in specific ways. The most famous and, certainly most important, example for such an editable basemap is the project OpenStreetMap. In the OSM standard layout Mapnik, nametags appear in the official language of a state. Accordingly, places in Israel are spelled in Hebrew letters, and in the Palestinian territories in Arabic. However, there are exceptions from this pattern. This slide shows, once more, a subset of Jerusalem and its surroundings. We can see that the old city of Jerusalem has, indeed, an English label. Jewish settlements in the West Bank are named in Hebrew, just as Arab villages in Israel. Thus, with regard to place-names, OSM seems to acknowledge Jewish settlements as part of Israel (in fact OSM is not a Zionist propaganda organization and the matter more complex, we could discuss this later if you like. But still, this is the map you get and it supports the Israeli narrative in the described sense).
The concept of crowdsourcing can be applied to map mashups as well, resulting in, what is called, a crowdmap. The Palestine Crisis Map is such a crowdmap. It tries to portray events of human right violations in Israel/Palestine. The dots on the map represent such events, which are geo-located and associated with the categories on the right side. By zooming into the map, the big dots become disaggregated, until, on a local level, each dot represents only one event. Thus, the numbers in the big dots stand for the respective amount of aggregated events. The green button "submit a report" in the upper right corner is an invitation to help feeding content to the map. Thus, by harvesting the crowd, the map tries to fulfill a journalist function: to tell what is happening on the ground and to visualize the spatiality of the conflict in a very specific way.
This map was made by a guy called Steven Feldman, a user of the platform geocommons, which is one of the most popular web-GIS at the time. It is a thematical map of the Gaza war 2008/2009. It combines data from several sources, showing Refugee Camps in the Gaza strip, rocket attacks on Israel and air strikes on the Gaza strip during the war. I guess, neither the Israeli government, nor the Hamas would have published such a map, since it shows not only the massive bombings of civilian areas by the Israeli Air Force, but also the military ineffectiveness of Palestinian rocket attacks.
What can we deduce from the developments drafted above from a critical cartographic perspective?
First of all, there can be no doubt that in the last years substantial developments have been taken place regarding patterns of map production.
Web 2.0 cartography emerges at the intersection of the internet, digital cartography and a rising amount of geospatial data. The combination of these factors enable new cartographic techniques like map mashups, editable basemaps, crowdmaps and web-GIS platforms.
New actors have entered the arena of cartography which has long been dominated by elites of academics, state agencies and big publishing houses. Enterprises like Google or Yahoo have discovered a new commercial interest in geospatial data and services, but there is also a diverse range of grassroot actors, political activists, web programmers and hackers generating maps. They all bring new impulses and ideas into the field, using the new techniques to produce new maps with regard to contents as well, like the residential market map or the Palestine Crisis map have shown.
Similar to the debate about the web 2.0 in general the discussions around web 2.0-cartography often have a subtext of democratization and empowerment. The fact that more people can participate in the creation of maps and geo-referenced data, has been interpreted by some commentators as a democratization of cartography. Such euphoria is certainly unfounded and naïve, for at least two reasons: firstly, it completely ignores the digital divide. A broadband internet connection, a powerful computer and sufficient energy supply are still requirements that most people in the world lack, Palestine not being an exception. Not to speak of IT skills, language barriers or spare time to spend on creating maps. Secondly, collaborative mapping platforms are not free of power-relations, hierarchies, norms of behavior and sanction systems to enforce them. Rating mechanisms, as we know them from social networks, enable a stratification of users in categories of trustworthiness. Beginners are supervised by moderators. And there is always an inner sanctum of webmasters with a right of censorship and the possibility to expel users without a trial. We cannot speak of democratic communities here, and what we witness is not democratization but rather a restructuring of cartography. There are winners and losers. New voices might be articulated, but they surely produce new marginalized others.
This diagnosis can be applied to Palestine/Israel as well as to any other region of the world. However, maps in this context have a special sensitivity, because they are so mired in conflictive territorial identities and are, thus, more contested than in most other cases. If we acknowledge this distinctiveness, the region might serve as an interesting case study. Mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion, struggles and conflicts within the current restructuring of cartography should take place more obviously and be easier to trace than elsewhere. We should be able find out who speaks to us through the maps and whose voices are silenced.
I want to finish this paper with another point I'd like to debate. It is a slightly optimistic idea of how to employ the new mapping technologies for something good: maps in the Middle East Conflict traditionally served as tools of exclusion. From a pacifist, consensus seeking perspective they generally made things worse instead of better. Maybe new mapping technologies can turn the tide here. I'm thinking for example of maps, where features can be subject to debates, can be switched on and off, or are symbolized in blurred, fuzzy or transparent styles. Such maps might bring the possibility to map in conjunctives. I think it might be possible to use them to show the ambiguity of territorial borders, their subjectivity, contextuality and contingency. Thus, new maps could be used as educational tools to foster a long term de-escalation of the conflict. They could allow multiple narratives with equal legitimacy and change the discourses of strict territorial identities a little bit and strengthen out of the box thinking beyond a solution of two states with strict territorial integrity.
 In fact, the text is in Yiddish, spelled in Hebrew letters: Er hat shoyn fargesn | Un geyt in a nayem | goles! | Gedenk, Yid, yeder | Goles firt zum | Untergang (left side). Shoyn genug! | Ikh will a heym!
Dieser Beitrag wurde unter Uncategorized abgelegt und mit Cartography, Countermapping, Crowdmaps, Israel, Kartographie, Middle East Conflict, OpenStreetMap, Palästina, Palestine, Web 2.0 Mapping verschlagwortet. Setze ein Lesezeichen auf den Permalink.
Zum Vergleich und fürs methodische Nachdenken ein Beitrag von Yaacov Lozowick.


Ford are known throughout the automotive world for breaking the mould and championing innovative new technology when it comes to both producing and driving their vehicles, and their most recent world first will allow buyers to fully connect with their new car before they have even seen it in the flesh.
For the first time ever, Ford will be producing paper brochures in the near future which will also include exclusive digital watermarks, giving drivers the chance to unlock interactive content simply by scanning the page with their smartphone. So far, the technology has only been confirmed for the upcoming and long awaited Mustang model but, if successful, there is little doubt that it will shortly be available for other popular lines such as the Ford Focus Titanium.
According to the design agency which had a pivotal role in coming up with how the project looks and works, Latcha+Associates, the decision was taken to press ahead with the idea because market research reveals that new car buyers are also generally very tech savvy and regularly use smartphones.
The group's owner and founder, David Latcha, also said that initial feedback from the public has been 'extremely encouraging', after their researchers 'used the brochures to engage the customer on the spot with well targeted and fully integrated content'.
The unveiling of this groundbreaking marketing programme revealed that these new brochures will allow readers to access interior and exterior details and racing videos whenever they want, as well as a unique tool for virtually 'customising' the Mustang to the user's personal preference.
Whether you are interested in getting your hands on a brand new Ford model, which in itself will likely be fitted with a staggering range of in-car technology such as the multimedia system Ford SYNC, or something more affordable like a used Ford Focus, there's no doubt that everyone who is in the market for a vehicle will be impressed by the manufacturer's new way of showcasing its finest products.


Thriving Thursdays lecture, 6 p.m. PDG Health, 909 Prospect St. (858) 459-5900.
Robin Henkel Blues Trio, rock 'n' roll dance night, 7:30 p.m. Community Center, 6811 La Jolla Blvd. $10. (858) 459-0831.
American Association of University Women meets, 10 a.m. at the Mt. La Jolla Clubhouse, 5490 Caminito Herminia. Docent Joan Adamo's highlights of the Torrey Pine State Natural Reserve. (858) 454-6214.
Harbor Seal "talk and walk," 2 p.m. Learn about the life cycle of the harbor seals and a walk to Casa Beach to view the new pups with docents of the Sierra Club Seal Society. Mangelsen Nature Gallery, 7916 Girard Ave. (858) 551-9553.
St. Patrick's Day Movie Matinee film screening, "The Quiet Man" (1952), 1 p.m. Chateau La Jolla, 233 Prospect St. (858) 459-4451.
Matinee Monday film screening, Woody Allen's "Broadway Danny Rose" (1984), 1 p.m. Chateau La Jolla, 233 Prospect St. (858) 459-4451.
Watercolor painting class with Sharon Hinckley, 8:30 a.m. Jewish Community Center, 4126 Executive Drive. (858) 775-1083.
Ballroom Dance Club meets, 6 p.m. Soledad Club, 5050 Soledad Road. Dancing to a live band and dinner included, $60 per couple. Couples may attend two dances as guests, then are encouraged to become members. (703) 505-9654.
Thriving Thursdays, wellness lecture, 6 p.m. PDG Health, 909 Prospect St. (858) 459-5900.


Amore 2 Door/Drawer Crested Wardrobe in a choice of wood colours with patina. This elegant range features the unique embellishments of sculptured crest and scrolls, reeded columns with corbets, fluted tops and bottoms, solid dovetailed drawers on practical metal runners and a distinctive bracket plinth. Once built each piece is carefully painted in ice white which is then rubbed and lightly distressed by hand with an aged patina so no two pieces are the same and individual for you. The finishing touch to this distinctive collection is the antique brass handle which is based on a nineteenth century design.


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Meek Mill Seemingly Shades Ex Nicki Minaj On Instagram After She Shares Pregnancy Pics
Meek Mill left a very interesting comment underneath a post that mocked people who were celebrating Nicki Minaj's pregnancy announcement!
Jade Boren
See Comment
As fans flooded social media with congratulations and well-wishes in reaction to Nicki Minaj's pregnancy announcement on July 20, Meek Mill joined the conversation! But the 33-year-old rapper, whom she split with in the beginning of 2017, left a seemingly shady comment underneath a not-so-nice post about Nicki's big news.
Nicki Minaj, 37, Pregnant: Rapper Reveals She's Expecting 1st Child With Stunning Photo
Nicki Minaj, Katy Perry, & More New Moms of 2020 -- See Pics & Announcements
Jahi Winston Reveals Meek Mill Will 'Impress A Lot Of' People With His Acting Skills In 'Charm City Kings'
#MeekMill posted and deleted this comment under a post about #NickiMinaj's pregnancy 👀
A post shared by The Shade Room (@theshaderoom) on Jul 20, 2020 at 10:09am PDT
"Y'all got 1 time to share Nicki pregnancy picture on your story or timeline and you getting blocked. She don't know you & she didn't post you when you were pregnant," the critic wrote, who added in the caption, "Mental Health Issues… She don't know y'all stop talking to yourself in her comments saying congrats." The post was apparently funny to Meek. He left a trail of laughing and blank face emojis — before deleting them altogether! However, the snark was captured in a screenshot by The Shade Room, as you can see above.
Regardless, Barbz were celebrating after Nicki revealed that she's expecting her very first child. On July 20, Nicki debuted her baby bump in a series of professional photos that showed off her affinity for fantasy, colors and playful themes. In one photo, she transformed into a goddess version of the Virgin Mary, and posed for other photos in sky-high platform heels and a beaded floral bra (with milk bottle nipples for a whimsical touch) reminiscent of her famous alter-ego, The Harajuku Barbie.
Nicki Minaj announced her pregnancy with a fun photo shoot! This photo was shot by photographer Alex "Grizz" Loucas.
"Love. Marriage. Baby carriage. Overflowing with excitement & gratitude. Thank you all for the well wishes," Nicki wrote underneath one of these maternity posts. Although she didn't name the father of her child, it's clear that the mention of "marriage" is a shout-out to her husband Kenneth Petty, 42. Nicki had reunited with her high school sweetheart in 2018, and they tied the knot in Oct. 2019.
Meek Mill and Nicki Minaj were together between 2015-2017. They pose here at the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards. (Evan Agostini/Invision/AP)
Before Kenneth entered Nicki's life once more, though, she had been in a serious relationship with Meek. They haven't left their drama in the past, as you can see! The exes got into a heated Twitter feud in February; Nicki accused Meek of being "obsessed" with her, while Meek claimed that "everybody in the industry know you a bad person." Meek and Nicki started as collaborators (Meek lent many verses to her 2014 album, The PinkPrint, while Nicki is also featured on Meek's 2015 album Dreams Worth More Than Money). They began dating in early 2015, but Nicki confirmed she was single by Jan. 2017.
Related: Kenneth Petty: Meet Nicki Minaj's Husband, Their Son, & More About Their 3 Year Marriage
Kenneth Petty

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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List of Organizational Officers 1968 – 2019
Historical Mashantucket / Avalonia Newsletter Archive
Then & Now - An Avalonia Timeline
Year of Incorporation
Incorporated as Mashantucket Land Trust on February 21, 1968 to include towns of Groton, Ledyard, North Stonington and Stonington, CT
Charitable Non-Profit
CT US Treasury Department granted charitable non-profit status – 501 (c) ( 3) – on May 29, 1968
1st Property
Acquired 1st property – July 10, 1969. Ram PT, Stonington, CT
100 acres of Land
Only three years after establishment, Avalonia's four acquisitions totaled over 100 acres of land, preserved in perpetuity. Click here to learn more about Avalonia's significant environmental activism in the early 1970's.
Geographical Expansion
Certificate of Incorporation revised to include three additional towns, Griswold, Preston, & Voluntown, CT
Beyond Connecticut
Certificate of Incorporation revised to enable inclusion of property located throughout and outside of Connecticut on March 21, 1979.
Gift of the Holdridge Tract, now part of the Great Cedar Swamp in Ledyard, 25th land donation, crossing of the 500-acre threshold.
Name changed to Avalonia Land Conservancy, Inc. May 24, 1995
Conservation Defense Liability
Commitment to participate in the Land Trust Alliance Conservation Defense Liability Insurance Program to safeguard against conservation defense costs that can run into the tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars.
Establishment of an endowment fund ($50,000 initial deposit) with the Community Foundation of Eastern Connecticut to safely grow funds while providing a reliable income stream to support Avalonia's preserves and preservation work in perpetuity.
Accreditation Achieved
The Land Trust Alliance awarded accreditation to Avalonia Land Conservancy, Inc. on February 16, 2017
50th Anniversary Celebration!
Avalonia turned 50 and celebrated in the Mystic Aquarium's Grand Hall.
see event recap and photos
Largest Fee Acquisition to Date
Acquisition of the 409-acre Tri-Town Ridgeline Forest straddling the towns of Griswold, North Stonington, and Preston. Avalonia's largest fee acquisition in 50 years, bringing total preserved acreage to exactly 4000.
see press release
photo by Kelly Allen
Atkinson-Dirlam Acquisitions – Groton Utilities Partnership
The Groton City Council voted to approve the contribution of $159,945 from Groton Utilties to Avalonia. This contribution to Avalonia for the purchase of the Atkinson parcel marks the beginning of a long-term partnership with Avalonia for the common purpose of protecting valuable watershed land. This partnership intends to provide watershed protection, best management practices for passive recreation within a watershed and collaboration on educational opportunities.
article with The Day


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Cambridge O Level Art and Design (BD, MV, MU, PK) (6090)
When are the test date windows for Art and Design?
When and where from can I get the question paper?
How long do students have to prepare?
Can we send the question paper to students in an email?
How long is the preparatory period?
Can students carry on working on their supporting studies after the preparatory period?
Does the test have to be completed on the same day?
What happens to the test work overnight?
Do students have to draw?
Do students have to write anything?
What happens if a candidate finishes before the end of the test?
Do candidates have to be accompanied to the toilet during the test?
Do students have to be supervised for lunch breaks?
Can students use iPods/MP3 players during the test?
Can candidates bring their own objects into the examination room?
Can candidates present photography/digital media work?
Can students use drawing software from tablets, laptops and mobile devices?
Are there some materials we cannot send?
Can students submit work electronically?
When can my students trim and mount their test work?
What is the structure of the O Level Art and Design (6090)?
What resources are available to support Cambridge syllabuses?
What textbooks are available for my subject?
What training and professional development is available for my subject?
How can I find out about any changes to the syllabus?
Where from do we get the themes for coursework?
Is component 1: Coursework assessed by teachers?
Can we submit work electronically?
Can we work on a larger size than A2?
When are the test date windows for O Level Art & Design?
You can schedule the test anytime within the test date window. The test date windows are as follows:
June series: 1 January to 30 April
November series: 1 July to 31 October
When and where from do I find the question papers?
The Question Paper will be available from the School Support Hub and, if you have made an estimated entry, the DFD (Digital File Despatch).
The Question Paper will only be available in an electronic form and will be available to download from the School Support Hub on 1 January for the May/June series, 1 July for the October/November series and 1 November for the March series.
The question paper will only be available in an electronic form.
The question paper can be distributed to candidates as soon as it is received.
This will depend on when the question paper is distributed to students and when the centre schedules the test.
Yes, once the paper is available for you to download, you can distribute it how you prefer. However, students must have a copy of the complete question paper.
There is no set length as it depends when the centre hands out the question paper to students.
No, students cannot carry on working on the supporting studies once the timed test has started. Students should have submitted their supporting studies ahead of the timed test and their supporting studies must be available to them during the timed test. All work, including the supporting work must be kept securely during the test. Centres must ensure that no additional work is brought into the test once the test has started and all work must remain in the test room at the end of session. Students are not permitted access to the work during the timed test and the centre must ensure that the room where the test is taking place is secure in order to prevent any loss or damage to the work or misconduct. Students cannot add to their work or amend it after the test has finished.
No, this is an 8-hour test. The assessment can be held over several days, ideally consecutive days (excluding weekends). A maximum of three over no more than two weeks.
The examination room must be locked securely overnight and after each timed session. Candidates are not permitted to take any supporting work home with them and must not bring more preparatory work in once the test has started.
Drawing is part of communicating ideas, which is an essential skill in art and design. Students can use drawing at whatever level they are able to as a means of recording ideas and observations, developing ideas and communicating meaning and visual language.
It is not necessary to write anything, but students need to be able to record their ideas and observations. The creative work should explain the journey and the decisions the student has made without unnecessary annotations. Annotations can be useful to support visual evidence to explain what things have changed or what the student has been thinking and can be included where relevant.
If a candidate has finished before the full examination time, they may leave the examination without disturbing the other candidates. However, they will not be allowed back in the examination if they then decide to return later.
Art and Design examinations are taken under examination conditions and standard invigilation requirements apply. Arrangements should be in place for supervised rest breaks, please refer to the Cambridge Handbook here for more information.
No, the room should be made secure during any extended breaks.
No, please refer to the Admin Guide available on our website, where you will find on page 4 that 'Mp3 players, personal radios or mobile/cell phones are not permitted.'
They can use the preparatory period to select relevant objects and make initial studies and plans of compositions and layout in their supporting studies.
Whilst candidates may present photography/digital media work, the work must be printed and submitted as a hard copy.
Photography can be used as a method of research and development for any of the areas of study.
Can candidates use drawing software from tablets, laptops and mobile devices?
All work for this syllabus must be submitted as hard copy, we do not accept digital submission. Where students use drawing software, they should print screenshots showing the layers, tools or filters they have used when putting together their supporting studies. All sources should be referenced such as websites and images.
Are there some materials that we cannot send?
There is no restriction on the size and scale of work produced during the test BUT all work must be submitted on A2 sheets of paper. Work that is larger than A2, fragile or three-dimensional must be photographed, printed and mounted on A2.
In addition, there is a list of inappropriate materials that you should not submit and you are advised to check with your local courier company and CITES website.
Glass must not be sent.
Can candidates submit work electronically?
No, you must submit the work on A2 sheets. High quality photographs of 3D work can be mounted on the sheets along with the supporting studies.
Candidates can work in any size and format but they must select work and present it on A2 sheets. They can photograph work and print the photographs and submit them along with their other two-dimensional work.
Trimming and mounted (on paper not board) should be completed as soon as possible after the test and the work must be held securely after the exam (e.g. while it is drying) before being despatched to Cambridge.
Component 1 coursework
Component 2 externally set assignment: Art
Component 3 externally set assignment: Design (not available in June).
The syllabuses are above as assessed against new Assessment Objectives, there are fewer components. None of these syllabuses are available to private candidates.
Externally Set Assignment (6090/02 and 6090/03).
Teaching resources can be found on the School Support Hub page for your syllabus.
For syllabuses, specimen papers, past papers, mark schemes and examiner reports look under the Syllabus Materials tab.
For support materials, including the Coursework Handbook, Guide to Administering Art & Design, Schemes of Work and Example Candidate Responses, look under the Teaching Materials tab.
The Resource List tab directs you to endorsed and suggested resources including textbooks and websites. You can also access these from the Support material section of the subject's page on our public website.
For more details about the support types available, and how to use them for planning, preparing, teaching, assessing and revision, see our guide Cambridge teacher support, which can be downloaded from the School Support Hub homepage.
You can also visit our Discussion Forums, where teachers discuss resources and teaching methods, and you can ask questions and receive a response from our subject expert moderator or from other Cambridge teachers in our Community.
From the Resource List tab on the School Support Hub page for your syllabus you can search for textbooks for your subject. No particular book is necessary for a course and teachers are advised to choose the textbook that best suits their needs. Many of our syllabuses are supported by a range of different endorsed textbooks to ensure that schools have choice. There is information on the back of endorsed textbooks about which examination series it was first produced for.
Endorsed resources go through a rigorous quality-assurance process to make sure they closely reflect the syllabus and are appropriate for Cambridge schools worldwide. Resources may be 'endorsed for full syllabus coverage' or endorsed to cover specific sections, topics or approaches. Look for the specific 'endorsed for…' logo on the resource.
Cambridge online and face-to-face training courses are designed to support you by providing you with the knowledge and skills required to deliver our syllabuses. These can be booked through the Events and training calendar.
This information can be found Changes to this syllabus section of the syllabus, which can be downloaded from School Support Hub or the subject's page on our public website. Changes are described in detail within this section. Throughout the syllabus, any significant changes are indicated by black vertical lines either side of the text.
If a syllabus update document is listed next to a syllabus this is notification that the syllabus has been updated to reflect a change. The changes that have been made will be clearly indicated in the syllabus update.
The teacher, in consultation with the student, will set appropriate themes. Teachers may want to look at past papers for possible themes.
No, from 2020, teachers do not have to assess the coursework component (Component 1).
No, work must be submitted on A2 sheets. High quality photographs of work can be mounted on the sheets along with the supporting studies. Work may be presented on both sides or single sides, as long as you do not produce twice as many supporting sheets.
Whilst you can work in any size and format you must select, edit and present it on A2 sheets. You can photograph work and print the photographs and submit them along with your other two-dimensional work.
For more information and materials on the syllabus, please visit our School Support Hub here.
What grades are available at Cambridge O Level?
FAQs for AS & A Level Art and Design (9479)
FAQs for the Cambridge International Project Qualification (Cambridge IPQ) 9980


!We want: Less food waste, local products and sustainable energy – that's what we want!
Uuuuff a shopping tour with the girls is exciting and exhausting at the same time. I am hungry now; I need to recharge my batteries. I suggest going to a restaurant to have a nice dinner in order to end this shopping day. Luckily the girls agree and we choose a restaurant close to the city centre, just across the street where we are now.
The restaurant is super busy but the waiter manages to get us a table for three people. We sit down and check the menu, or shall I say read the menu book? The plastic menu book contains 7 pages full of different starters, main courses and desserts. I will never find something on the huge list of possibilities! There is seafood, vegetarian dishes and several different courses with meat. It seems that this establishment has everything all around the year thanks to globalization. Anyway, we are hungry and do not think about transport costs neither about the local market and its products. We order starters and the main course and of course a tasty bottle of red wine. Why not a wine from South Africa?
Before the dishes are served I need to go to the washroom. On my way I pass the kitchen and I am able to peep into it. Wow, hectic! Machines are running, steam is coming out, chefs are running around and the water tab is releasing a huge amount of water over some dirty dishes. Looks like war in there, but from what I heard this is the normal condition in a kitchen at the peak times.
on the plate this time. And wow! We do not get disappointed. A plate with veggies, rice, meat and special sauce cover the plate so that you almost cannot see it any more. We start fighting our way through the food and we have to surrender. No chance anyone of us can finish the plate. What a pity! We look around us and check the plates from other guests. Everywhere the same scenario, a lot of left overs find their way back to the kitchen and get thrown away. That is a shame!
The food was good, but all of us are disappointed! It cannot be that you serve meals no one can finish. It cannot be that you serve meals with no fresh, seasonal ingredients. Food waste and local producers should be taken into consideration. We want to keep our eating habits sustainable! We want clean energy to be used in the gastronomy as well. We need to change our behaviour and create a better understanding about our eating habits.
We are living on the costs of people from other countries and on the costs of the nature. If every other person used the same amount of resources as an average European does, we would use 2.6 planets. Furthermore, everyone is talking about the energy revolution of Switzerland. We are just talking about the traffic costs which are responsible for 20% of the greenhouse gas emissions and the living costs with another 20%. However, food production is responsible for 30% from the human beings produced greenhouse gas emissions!
This is one reason of several, why we want to find ways to reduce this number in the food chain. Restaurants have the potential of reducing these emissions in connection with food through wise nourishment decisions. They can reduce up to 50 % of these greenhouse gas emissions! And we can do that without any technological improvements!
One cheeseburger has the same effect on the climate as 500 hours of watching television has.
1kg of pork cause the same amount of CO2 as 80kg of potatoes.
Eating a climate friendly meal three times a week would change the world.
30% of foodstuff produced is wasted every year. In Switzerland this is around 1-2 billion tonnes every year.
With our project, we want to illustrate the advantages of a sustainable restaurant concept for the operator as well as for the customer. Regional and local products will be offered, the biologic agriculture supported and healthy meals served. They all have in common that the local Swiss economy will get supported, the efficiency will increase plus it is an active contribution to the environmental protection. With our new sustainable restaurant concept we aim to increase energy efficiency and water savings, decrease food waste with food recycling and the use of unshaped fruits and vegetables. Our menus consist of seasonal and local products in order to minimize transportation costs and carbon dioxide emissions. The menus are served in small dishes so that we counteract against food waste. The workforce is mainly from the region who work under fair working conditions and get treated fairly and the suppliers get paid fairly. Since the resources on our planet are scarce, with our sustainable restaurant concept we aim to increase the community engagement and give something back to the environment.
In order to meet the requirements to be a sustainable restaurant, the concept will be based on the "Sustainabuild" model and the different spheres are explained in detail below.
With this concept the focus clearly lies in the fact to have as less threats as possible to harm the environment. This includes the responsible usage of water and where possible the reuse of grey water, for example to flush the toilets. The utilization of renewable energy is one of the central aspects in the concept and the energy consumption in general needs to be controlled and monitored, in order to reduce consumption. An important topic as well is the cooperation with local farmers and producer. Like this we support the local industry and transport costs and CO2 emissions can be drastically reduced. Although a main focus is placed on the reduction of food waste, it will not be possible to completely eliminate it. Instead of just throwing the expired food or leftovers away, it will be reprocessed to animal feed or disposed in a biogas plant.
The purchase of the needed commodities is done in cooperation with local farmers and producer. Switzerland has a great variety for different commodities like wine, chees, meat, vegetables and fruits. Seasonal products will be found on the menu and guest will be convinced to enjoy locally produced organic food. With this cooperation the concept seeks to enhance the turnover for local farmers and support small production rather than giant food suppliers which is more sustainable in long term.
The reduction of costs through less waste and responsible energy consumption might be the most important aspect for restaurant seeking new methods. Nevertheless you cannot ignore the effect on the market with the change towards a sustainable use of energy and cooperation with local producers. There is need for this market and you can reach a whole new market segment with offers for guests which already pay attention to sustainable managed locations. This is a trend which cannot be ignored and this target group will get increasingly bigger since sustainability is getting more important in today's society. Furthermore, local industries will be supported because the focus for the used products will be regional producers. With strong cooperation we can get away from mass production towards a demand driven production which at the same time reduces food waste.
As already mentioned the support of local economies and small scale producers is a core activity of the new concept and shows the strong social aspect and enhancement of the local industry. Furthermore, fair working conditions for all employees and well balanced contracts with the partners are the base of a long term relationship.
Technology plays the most important part in the concept. Without the right technology it will not be possible to launch the project. The cooking utensils need to be classified as less energy consuming, light bulbs might be replaced with environmentally friendly LED technic, solar panels need to be installed and a device which transfers the gained energy into the restaurant facilities. The reuse of the grey water needs the appropriate technology which has to be installed.
To create and raise awareness of the local population towards the sustainable restaurant concept and food waste management, a clear marketing plan needs to be developed. There is the need for such a product since more and more people pay great value to local production and responsible energy consumption. With these strong USP's the marketing has a good base to launch a strong campaign and show the population that they have an influence on local suppliers and producers and can actively participate in making the world a better place. In addition to just provide a sustainable concept, it is important to sensitize the customers towards the topic. Show them ways how they can participate when they are at home and improve the thought of buying locally, reduce food waste and responsible energy consumption. If we succeed with this step, others will follow and everyone will gain.
In Switzerland we have a strong ecological awareness. The CO2 emission are less than the half of the average between the OECD countries. (world bank) In Switzerland a lot gets recycled but at the same time a big quality of rubbish is produced every year. The Swiss recycle more than 50 per cent, which is one of the best results in Europe. If we take the example of glass, the percentage recycled is 95%. (swissinfo, 2008) But we can see that there is still a big opportunity of improvement.
Even if Switzerland is a really small country we can find different cultures. Tradition plays an important role in Switzerland and differ within the different cantons. Also in the case of food there is a strong culture with typical Swiss products.
We can define the Swiss economic system as strong, considering the GDP growth and the GDP per capita as well as other macroeconomic factor such as unemployment and inflation.
In Switzerland people are confronted with a high price level, also considering the prices of the daily product. In fact, food is around two times as expensive in Switzerland as in Germany or Italy (UBS, 2015). Furthermore are the salaries in Switzerland quite high and this is why the prices of meals in a restaurant are above the European average.
In Switzerland we have a really high school enrolment (world bank) and people get increasingly more aware about what sustainability is, how important it is and what we can do in order to support it. Furthermore people get more and more interested in this topic.
Todays technology allow us to recycle some of the waste we produce, like glass, some types of plastic, paper, aluminum. Also thank of technological improvement we have the opportunity to buy low energy consuming kitchen machines or lamps.
This is going to be a crucial step, especially for already settled restaurants since the refurbishment costs will be a rather huge investment. Special attention needs to be placed on the long-term view and how restaurants can save costs through alternative energy and reduced commodity costs. The restaurants need to keep in mind that this investment is a long term investment and that it will pay off through reduced costs over the years of usage. Less food waste, local products and the utilization of alternative energy are clearly going to be the USP's of those restaurants and therefore they can target the "green-thinking" community. A well-researched cost structure plan needs to be presented to reveal the advantages to set up a sustainable restaurant concept. Additionally to the cost saving measure there is a great opportunity to undergo an image change. More and more restaurant guests want to know where their food is coming from, if it is locally and organic produced and sustainably managed. Based on these criteria's they select specific premises which fulfil their needs. In today's society where sustainability gets more and more important there is great potential to be one of the role models for future restaurant developments. Furthermore, to be one of the first players in the market can help to boost the awareness of the restaurant and will have a great impact on the marketing strategy.
For the implementation we can divide the project in two main steps. First are all steps that need to be done BEFORE starting a restaurant. In order to put into practice our idea you have to create a restaurant with machine and utensils that allow you to be sustainable. That mean energy efficient kitchen machines need to be installed, small menus introduced, like for example a additional weekly or daily menus. Also important is to have some long term contract with local suppliers and create coope ration with them. With cooperations everyone can be better off, therefore it is possible to reach a win-win situation. In order to be sustainable, products must be from biological production. Since the very beginning it is important to develop demand patterns so that you have an idea about the amount of the product you will need to buy. Clearly a restaurant need employees, first decide weather or not you need employees and if yes, hire them locally.
Also there are several points that need to be done WHILE doing business. For example you have to improve the demand pattern since the one you have developed before might not be as accurate as expected and then it is fundamental to follow the adaptions. Another sustainable point is to use as less packages as possible and avoid waste of all types, like for example using textile instead of paper towel. If some food is in the fridge and it is going to expire soon, it would be a great idea to sell it at a lower price instead of throwing it away.
There exist several ways how we want to create aware ness about our sustainable restaurant concept among the local population. We see the information evenings as one of the most important ways. Thereby we would invite the people to come to the restaurant, inform them what behind the restaurant conception is, what sustainability is and what they can contribute in order to act in a sustainable way at home but also on one's way. We would also present to the local population our local suppliers and make them aware how they can support them by buying their products. Furthermore, it is a possibility to offer them some snacks which show how tasty the food is and that it is worth it eating there.
In addition to the information evening, we would organize events about how we can reduce our food waste at home and with which methods we can extend the expiry date of certain products. These events should take place every one or two months and hopefully lead to a better brand awareness of the restaurant as well as to a change of their behavior. In order to increase people's awareness of the restaurant and their events, we would write articles in the local newspaper about the restaurant itself, the new sustainable concept and about sustainability in general.
The restaurant concept is built on sustainable products and managed in a sustainable way. In order to increase people's understanding, we aim to develop stories behind every dish the restaurant serves. That means that the guest can read about the food he has on his plate, he knows where it comes from and how much carbon dioxide was needed to grow certain products.


text:
Clothing and Accessory Stores
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High-end women's clothing store for sale in Richmo
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Jul 12, 2018 — Profitable women's clothing and accessories boutique stores with strong and personal connections with customers. The stores have built a quality reputation with their clients over the years by helping women of all walks of life feel confident and beautiful. The business has a history of impressive...
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Jan 30, 2019 — This Hip Sportswear Store not only nets its owner $180K annually on $390K in sale, but its rent is ridiculously low at $2,250/month for 2,000 square feet with an unused basement with the same footprint. The lease runs for another 9 years. In business for 5 years now, the seller invested $170K in the...
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Mar 2, 2019 — Includes $85,000 in inventory Due to significant medical reasons the owner must sell his store. The store has a good reputation and the owner is well known in the industry. The store has over $85K (his cost) in inventory. He will sell the business including the inventory for $65K. or any realistic...
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May 29, 2019 — Elegant and upscale best describe this women's fashion boutique. Long-established in Bergen County, this high-end dress store is noted in the region for its gowns, cocktail dresses, upscale daywear, and a vast array of accessories. Competitively priced, its clothing and accessories run the game, from...
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© 1995-2019 DealStream, Inc. DealStream.com (en_US) 6.4.0 #2584 [production] on nigel inited 16 hours ago


Sleep problems can affect anyone at anytime and this can be due to many reasons.
Now from one of the worlds leading producers of sleep medical equipment comes a personalised sleep solution the S+ by ResMed.
ResMed has been helping people with sleep apnea and other respiratory conditions achieve a better sleep, better health and better quality of life.
The S+ by ResMed can help change your sleeping behaviour by providing personalised advice as well as some easy solutions to help you gain a good nights sleep.
The S+ arrives and instantly you are given key information on the box sleeve.
There is no need for a wrist band or mattress strip as the smart technology this arrives with, it can measure your breathing and physical movements with ease.
You can improve your bedroom environment through feedback on how light, noise and temperature are affecting your sleep.
A choice of rhythmic sounds that synchronise with your breathing, slowing it down to help you fall asleep more easily.
Clear your mind by recording the things you need to do tomorrow.
A smart alarm gently wakes you from light sleep within a time window that you choose, helping you feel more refreshed.
Through monitoring and analysis of your sleep.
The S+ easily can be synced with your smart phone or tablet.
The pod easily sits in the frame and must be situated or placed above the level of your mattress so the sensor technology can monitor your breathing and body movement whilst also measuring the light and temperature levels, as these can affect your sleep.
The USB power cable supplied fits into the back of the pod and the other end into the power supply plug. Before turning on make sure you download the S+ BY ResMed app which is available in the Apple App or Google Play store and can be found by searching "S+ by ResMed". I found the app easily when i searched this in the Google Play store and it took under a minute to download.
Once the app is downloaded, all you need to do is register and answer some quick questions about your sleeping patterns and lifestyle, by doing this you will get tailored feedback specifically for you.
Plug the pod into a power source and you will notice a red light which tells you it is not connected to your phone or tablet.
Turn on Bluetooth on your phone and once you are in the app it will successfully pair with the pod and the red light will turn to green.
I found setting up the pod and also using the app really easy and i was set up and ready to go in ten minutes. To get an accurate reading, the pod must be positioned by being angled towards your chest and also there must not be any obstacles so the pod can record your breathing and any movements made.
The pod being in the frame allows it to be angled and moved with ease, fitting into any set up you have in your bedroom.
Once everything is set up and positioned you are now ready to start monitoring your sleep.
You open the app, tap sleep and answer some questions about your day. It will ask you how stressful your day has been, how much caffeine have you had and how much exercise have you taken.
The light on your phone will dim and your now ready to go to sleep. Once you have woken you select "stop tracking" on your phone or tablet and this will end the sleep monitoring. Its that easy!
The S+ app will then show you a score and a chart detailing your sleep. The S+ mentor will send you a message letting you know how well you have done and if there are any improvements that need to be made. On the second night of results you can see the difference from the results above to the ones shown here.
I think this is a really great product that combines technology to help solve any sleep problems you might be experiencing and it will help to identify what they might be. Thank you ResMed for sending me your product to review.
I feel my sleep has improved and you can also improve your sleep with the S+ by ResMed. X Neal.
Your post is awesome. You have shared very valuable information to us about sleep better. Thank you so much for sharing this.


text:
Q: What's the fastest Serialization mechanism for c#? This for small payloads.
I am looking to achieve 1,000,000,000 per 100ms.
The standard BinaryFormatter is very slow. The DataContractSerializer is slow than BinaryFormatter.
Protocol buffers (http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-net/) seems slower than the BinaryFormatter for small objects!
Are there any more Serialization mechanisms a should be looking at either hardcore coding or open source projects?
EDIT:
I am serializing in-memory then transmitting the payload over tcp on a async socket. The payloads generated in memory and are small double arrays (10 to 500 points) with a ulong identifier.

A: I'd have expected Protobuf-net to be faster even for small objects... but you may want to try my Protocol Buffer port as well. I haven't used Marc's port for a while - mine was faster when I last benchmarked, but I'm aware that he's gone through a complete rewrite since then :)
I doubt that you'll achieve serializing a billion items in 100ms whatever you do though... I think that's simply an unreasonable expectation, especially if this is writing to disk. (Obviously if you're simply overwriting the same bit of memory repeatedly you'll get a lot better performance than serializing to disk, but I doubt that's really what you're trying to do.)
If you can give us more context, we may be able to help more. Are you able to spread the load out over multiple machines, for example? (Multiple cores serializing to the same IO device is unlikely to help, as I wouldn't expect this to be a CPU-bound operation if it's writing to a disk or the network.)
EDIT: Suppose each object is 10 doubles (8 bytes each) with a ulong identifier (4 bytes). That's 84 bytes per object at minimum. So you're trying to serialize 8.4GB in 100ms. I really don't think that's achievable, whatever you use.
I'm running my Protocol Buffers benchmarks now (they give bytes serialized per second) but I highly doubt they'll give you what you want.

A: You claim small items are slower than BinaryFormatter, but every time I'e measured it I've found the exact opposite, for example:
Performance Tests of Serializations used by WCF Bindings
I conclude, especially with the v2 code, that this may well be your fastest option. If you can post your specific benchmark scenario  I'll happily help see what is "up"... If you can't post it here, if you want to email it to me directly (see profile) that would be OK too. I don't know if your stated timings are possible under any scheme, but I'm very sure I can get you a lot faster than whatever you are seeing.
With the v2 code, the CompileInPlace gives the fastest result - it allows some IL tricks that it can't use if compiling to a physical dll.

A: The only reason to serialize objects is to make them compatible with a generic transport medium.  Network, disk, etc.  The perf of the serializer never matters because the transport medium is always so much slower than the raw perf of a CPU core.  Easily by two orders of magnitude or more.
Which is also the reason that attributes are an acceptable trade-off.  They are also I/O bound, their initialization data has to be read from the assembly metadata.  Which requires a disk read for the first time.
So, if you are setting perf requirements, you need to focus 99% on the capability of the transport medium.  A billion 'payloads' in 100 milliseconds requires very beefy hardware.  Assume a payload is 16 bytes, you'll need to move 160 gigabytes in a second.  This is quite beyond even the memory bus bandwidth inside the machine.  DDR RAM moves at about 5 gigabytes per second.  A one gigabit Ethernet NIC moves at 125 megabytes per second, burst.  A commodity hard drive moves at 65 megabytes per second, assuming no seeking.
Your goal is not realistic with current hardware capabilities.

A: Your performance requirement restricts the available serializers to 0. A custom BinaryWriter and BinaryReader would be the fastest you could get.

A: You could write a custom serialization by implement ISerailizable on your data structures. Anyway you will probably face some "impedence" from the hardware itself to serialize with these requirements.

A: Proto-Buff is really quick but has got limitatins. => http://code.google.com/p/protobuf-net/wiki/Performance

A: In my experience, Marc's Protocol Buffers implementation is very good. I haven't used Jon's. However, you should be trying to use techniques to minimise the data and not serialise the whole lot.
I would have a look at the following.

*

*If the messages are small you should look at what entropy you have. You may have fields that can be partially or completely be de-duplicated. If the communication is between two parties only you may get benefits from building a dictionary both ends.

*You are using TCP which has an overhead enough without a payload on top. You should minimise this by batching your messages in to larger bundles and/or look at UDP instead. Batching itself when combined with #1 may get you closer to your requirement when you average your total communication out.

*Is the full data width of double required or is it for convenience? If the extra bits are not used this will be a chance for optimisation when converting to a binary stream.
Generally generic serialisation is great when you have multiple messages you have to handle over a single interface or you don't know the full implementation details. In this case it would probably be better to build your own serialisation methods to convert a single message structure directly to byte arrays. Since you know the full implementation both sides direct conversion won't be a problem. It would also ensure that you can inline the code and prevent box/unboxing as much as possible.

A: This is the FASTEST approach i'm aware of. It does have its drawbacks. Like a rocket, you wouldn't want it on your car, but it has its place. Like you need to setup your structs and have that same struct on both ends of your pipe. The struct needs to be a fixed size, or it gets more complicated then this example.
Here is the perf I get on my machine (i7 920, 12gb ram) Release mode, without debugger attached. It uses 100% cpu during the test, so this test is CPU bound.
Finished in 3421ms, Processed 52.15 GB
For data write rate of 15.25 GB/s
Round trip passed

.. and the code...
    class Program
{
    unsafe
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        int arraySize = 100;
        int iterations = 10000000;
        ms[] msa = new ms[arraySize];
        for (int i = 0; i < arraySize; i++)
        {
            msa[i].d1 = i + .1d;
            msa[i].d2 = i + .2d;
            msa[i].d3 = i + .3d;
            msa[i].d4 = i + .4d;
            msa[i].d5 = i + .5d;
            msa[i].d6 = i + .6d;
            msa[i].d7 = i + .7d;
        }

        int sizeOfms = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(ms));
        byte[] bytes = new byte[arraySize * sizeOfms];

        TestPerf(arraySize, iterations, msa, sizeOfms, bytes);

        // lets round trip it.
        var msa2 = new ms[arraySize]; // Array of structs we want to push the bytes into
        var handle2 = GCHandle.Alloc(msa2, GCHandleType.Pinned);// get handle to that array
        Marshal.Copy(bytes, 0, handle2.AddrOfPinnedObject(), bytes.Length);// do the copy
        handle2.Free();// cleanup the handle

        // assert that we didnt lose any data.
        var passed = true;
        for (int i = 0; i < arraySize; i++)
        {
            if(msa[i].d1 != msa2[i].d1
                ||msa[i].d1 != msa2[i].d1
                ||msa[i].d1 != msa2[i].d1
                ||msa[i].d1 != msa2[i].d1
                ||msa[i].d1 != msa2[i].d1
                ||msa[i].d1 != msa2[i].d1
                ||msa[i].d1 != msa2[i].d1)
            {passed = false;
            break;
            }
        }
        Console.WriteLine("Round trip {0}",passed?"passed":"failed");
    }

    unsafe private static void TestPerf(int arraySize, int iterations, ms[] msa, int sizeOfms, byte[] bytes)
    {
        // start benchmark.
        var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        // this cheats a little bit and reuses the same buffer
        // for each thread, which would not work IRL
        var plr = Parallel.For(0, iterations/1000, i => // Just to be nice to the task pool, chunk tasks into 1000s
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < 1000; j++)
                {
                    // get a handle to the struc[] we want to copy from
                    var handle = GCHandle.Alloc(msa, GCHandleType.Pinned);
                    Marshal.Copy(handle.AddrOfPinnedObject(), bytes, 0, bytes.Length);// Copy from it
                    handle.Free();// clean up the handle
                    // Here you would want to write to some buffer or something :)
                }
            });
        // Stop benchmark
        sw.Stop();
        var size = arraySize * sizeOfms * (double)iterations / 1024 / 1024 / 1024d; // convert to GB from Bytes
        Console.WriteLine("Finished in {0}ms, Processed {1:N} GB", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds, size);
        Console.WriteLine("For data write rate of {0:N} GB/s", size / (sw.ElapsedMilliseconds / 1000d));
    }
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size= 56, Pack=1)]
struct ms
{
    [FieldOffset(0)]
    public double d1;
    [FieldOffset(8)]
    public double d2;
    [FieldOffset(16)]
    public double d3;
    [FieldOffset(24)]
    public double d4;
    [FieldOffset(32)]
    public double d5;
    [FieldOffset(40)]
    public double d6;
    [FieldOffset(48)]
    public double d7;
}

A: If you don't want to take the time to implement a comprehensive explicit serialization/de-serialization mechanism, try this: http://james.newtonking.com/json/help/html/JsonNetVsDotNetSerializers.htm ...
In my usage with large objects (1GB+ when serialized to disk) I find that the file generated by the NewtonSoft library is 4.5 times smaller and takes 6 times fewer seconds to process than when using the BinaryFormatter.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: using user-defined function for constraint in SQL I am trying to add a check constraint to my table in SQL database so that user can only enter the work_group in the column that is in the 'approved list' - dbo.work_groups.
I've read a few forums and created the following table, user defined function and constraint.
dbo.work_groups is populated with the list of work groups, i.e. 'Admin','Accountant', 'Engineer'.
When I enter the above work groups into dbo.test it accepts them. But it also accepts any other values.
How can I limit the constraint only to those work groups that are listed in the dbo.work_groups.
What have I done wrong?
Thanks.
-----test table
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[test]
([testname] nvarchar NOT NULL)
-----user defined function
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[check_work_group](@testname NVARCHAR(50))
RETURNS NVARCHAR(50)
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT work_group FROM [dbo].[work_groups] WHERE work_group=@testname)
END;
-----constraint
ALTER TABLE test ADD constraint CK_testname
CHECK (testname=dbo.check_work_group(testname));

A: I think the issue with the function. When there is no record in the work_groups table for a given parameter value, it is returning null, which is causing the issue. One way to solve it is by forcing the function to return a value that does not exist in work_groups table ('-1' in the example below) when no record is found for the given parameter value.
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[check_work_group](@testname NVARCHAR(50))
RETURNS NVARCHAR(50) AS
BEGIN
    RETURN COALESCE((SELECT work_group FROM [dbo].[work_groups] WHERE work_group=@testname), '-1');
END;


"Harvest Date Influence on Dry Matter Yield and Moisture of Corn and St" by Haibo Huang, Dan B. Faulkner et al.
Harvest date greatly affects the biomass yield, moisture, and quality of corn and stover. Traditionally, corn and stover have been harvested at lower moisture levels. However, corn stover and grain can be more effectively utilized as animal feed and biomass-ethanol feedstock if they are collected before in-field dry down. This study determined dry matter yield, moisture content, and quality of corn and stover before, during, and after grain maturity in central Illinois. The two-year average kernel moisture was 37.4% (w.b.) when reaching physiological maturity. At the same time, the average stover moisture was 67.7% (w.b.). The dry matter yield of grain increased rapidly until reaching grain maturity and remained relatively stable after grain maturity, with an average yield of 11.2 t ha-1 over the two-year study. For corn stover, the two-year average dry matter yield was 14.7 t ha-1 at the beginning of the study (filling stage), and it decreased to 13.2 t ha-1 at grain physiological maturity and further decreased to 11.0 t ha-1 throughout grain dry down. During grain dry down, the moldy kernel percentage increased from 2.1% to 4.1% and the stalk lodging percentage increased from 1.2% to 3.6%. The results of this study showed that early harvest of corn and stover at grain maturity has several advantages: higher dry matter yield of stover, lower moldy kernel percentage, and fewer plant lodgings.


text:
package org.spongepowered.common.mixin.core.entity;

import net.minecraft.entity.EntityCreature;
import org.spongepowered.api.entity.living.Creature;
import org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.Mixin;

@Mixin(EntityCreature.class)
public abstract class MixinEntityCreature extends MixinEntityLiving implements Creature {

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub