20 singers under the direction of Prof. Patrick Russil presented church music from three centuries on Sunday in the Neresheim Abbey. Alternating on the organ are four organ students (direction Prof. Dr. David Titterington).
"Music from Spain, Scandinavia and England" is on the top of the program. In the Abbey Church of Neresheim, this 'rendez-vous' takes place, in which the Royal Academy of Music is invited (from) London. For 27 years, the Royal Academy has been meeting here for a workshop, enriching the daily liturgy of the monks here in the Abbey with choir and organ music.
Now the final concert. Music from the 16th and 17th centuries is juxtaposed with works from the 20th century. The Neresheim-Positive energetically played Sebastian Aquilera de Heredia's "Salve" – a charming prelude and a lovely reference to the popular 'Salve Regina' hymn. Correspondingly atmospheric is the first motet from the choir, directed by Prof. Patrick Russill: "Vidi speciosam", a serene, visionary transfiguration of Our Lady. What stands out is the gentle voices celebrated by the choristers – the clear articulation, the anthemic exaggeration of old texts.
The concert given by the students of the Royal Academy of Music was a festival of sacred music.
From near and far, music lovers poured into Ulrichsberg on Sunday. The reason: since 1991, Royal Academy of Music students from London have been attracting their annual concerts in the monastery church of Neresheim. "The influx of visitors in all these 27 years has never been so strong as this year," said Abbot Administrator FATHER ALBERT KNEBEL in his greeting.
The visitors, who filled the church to the last seat, enjoyed excellent choir singing and high organ art.
Once again, the well-known leading music educators, Professor Patrick Russill and Professor David Titterington, had selected the best from among their vocal and organ students from around the world for this annual work week.
It was a small, and almost humble, beginning for a grand concert: You had to prick your ears to hear the sound of the mini-organ, a portable instrument called "Neresheimer Positiv". Michael Butterfield, a young (Australian) musician, delighted (the occasion) with a delightful and intimate "Salve Regina" by Spanish composer Sebastian Aguilera de Heredia (1561-1627) - the melody of the well-known Marian hymn surrounded by imaginatively coloured and decorative (musical) garlands. The Spaniards of the Baroque era was devoted to the first part of the program. In terms of context, Marian themes were chosen in close proximity to the Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (September 9). Not only did the choral works unfold the splendor of Spanish Baroque music, it also presents the differences of the Baroque sound world, which is commonly-known in German-speaking countries.
While Tomas Luis de Victoria (1548-1611), in his motet "Vidi speciosam", had strong Italian influences and thus a cheerful character, Francisco Guerrero, composing at the same time, preferred strict lines and harsh melodies in his "Virgo sanctissima". The slightly later contemporary Joan Cererols paid tribute in his "Regina caelorum" with Iberisch-coloured harmonies and surprisingly changing rhythms.
The choir worked out these differences clearly and used the extreme acoustic conditions of the abbey church to its own advantage. They were careful not to take tempo too quickly and able to taste the extremely long final chords. Thus they achieved lively dynamics and a fascinating sound effect. Patrick Russill also applied the same pattern to the works of Scandinavian and Baltic masters of modern times.
The Spanish exuberance was followed by impressive simplicity and lyrical intimacy - "Ave maris stella" by Sweden Otto Olssen (1879 to 1964) and in the "Magnificat" of the much mentioned Estonian Arvo Pärt. The work of Dane Niels la Cour (born 1944), who made a filigree "Meditazione" in front of a shrill "Lauda", was impressively presented by Andrzej Malitowski at the great Holzhay organ.
The choir had two climaxes: works by the English composers Herbert Howells (1892-1983), a sumptuous setting of Psalm 42, on the organ accompanied by Jamie Rogers, and Benjamin Britten's (1913 to 1976) phenomenal "Festival Te Deum" - an exalted sphere dance, a highlight of the choir, contrasting with an angel-like soprano solo. After a simple organ piece by Frank Brigde, Britten's composition teacher, the choir impressed the audience with a Grandiose Finale, "God Is Gone Up", an Ascension Hymn by the English composer Gerald Finzi (1901-1956). In both pieces, James Orford glittered on the organ.
It is understandable that the "Royals" had just concluded their concert with Finzi, because he not only created a sacred work, but also magnificently glorified the English landscape and folk singing. The unending standing applause was rewarded by the choir with an appreciation of German classical music: "Geistliches Lied" by Johannes Brahms as encore, this time conducted by one of the students.
Absolutely delighted to announce that my friend and colleague Leona Crasi and I are invited to perform as part of the 5th Aegean Arts International Festival in Crete. We will be giving a 45-minute recital in the beginning of July 2018. The audience comes from all walks of life - villagers, children, educators and musicians. Our mission is to promote classical music, to introduce opera and art songs to children and families who participate in the festival!
More updates on date, location and programme will be posted on the 'DIARY - Upcoming Events' page.
"THE WINNER OF THIS YEAR'S FESTIVAL IS A ROMANIAN-HONG KONG COUPLE, members of the Royal Academy of Music in London, singer Waimay Yau and Pianist Leona Crasi!"
Title: Sonorităţi noi, la ediţia a XIII-a a Festivalului Muzicii Maghiare "New sounds at the 13th edition of the Hungarian Music Festival"
"In the history of over a decade of this Festival, this is the second time that the 1st Prize is offered by the jury to a Singer. Students at the Royal Academy of Music in London, soprano Waimay Yau and pianist Leona Crasi convinced the jury with their sensitivity and technique in the interpretation of the eight Hungarian folksongs by Bartók Béla and three Debussy melodies. The very well-formed duo will give a recital in the autumn of this year at the Collegium Hungaricum in Vienna, the opera city. "
A londoni Királyi Zeneakadémián III. éves énekszakos hongkongi Waimay Yau és évfolyamtársa, az erdélyi Leona Crasi zongorista nyerte meg a bukaresti 13. Magyar Zene Fesztivált, amelynek pénteken tartották a díjkiosztó gáláját. A duóként fellépő két versenyző Bartók Béla Nyolc magyar népdalával és három Debussy-dallal győzte meg a Balassi Intézet bukaresti központja által szervezett fesztivál zenekritikusok, zeneszerzők és kamaramuzsikusok alkotta zsűrijét és kapta meg az első díjat. A kiváló ének-, illetve zongoratechnikával rendelkező, fiatalsága ellenére jól összeforrott duót a bécsi Collegium Hungaricum látja majd vendégül jutalomkoncertje megtartására.
On their 3rd year at Royal Academy of Music, singer Waimay Yau, and her classmate, pianist Leona Crasi from Transylvania, won the 13th Hungarian Music Festival in Bucharest, in which the awards ceremony was held on Friday (19 May 2017). The two contestants performed as a duo Béla Bartók's Eight Hungarian Folksongs and 3 Debussy songs, and won over the jury contained of music critics, composers and chamber musicians at the Balassi Institute, and received the First Prize. With the excellent vocal and piano technique, this duo will join the Collegium Hungaricum in Vienna where they will be hosting their prize concert.


text:
Action, Crime, Drama, Genre, Korean Movies, Must Watch, Rating, Reviews
A Dirty Carnival
August 4, 2014 rajasaravanan	2 Comments
A Dirty Carnival – is a South Korean neo-noir film released in 2006. An upcoming film director Min Ho has to read a gangster's life to create the script for his gangster movie. He follows and interviews his high school friend turned gangster Kim Byung-doo to understand the life of a gangster and make his movie. When the movie is released it is so close to the reality of the crime Byung-doo was involved in that he now has to kill Min Ho to save his secrets.
Sounds similar? Well this is the movie that many of the movie buffs have compared with Jigarthanda. Only the central plot is similar but the genre, treatment, the actual conflict and where the movie heads to is vastly different. They are two different movies with different story. So stop comparing the two movies.
A Dirty Carnival is a very serious gangster movie in itself. The movie is so realistic to the life of gangsters. You would see some realistic looking fights rather than the cinematic fights with visual effects. The movie right from the start follows Kim Byung-doo who is leading the life of a gangster and struggling to make his ends meet with an ailing mother, dependent brother and sister. The story is about his rise to power, his love for his childhood friend, his interactions with Min Ho for the movie script and the final conflict he gets into where he would have to kill his friend to live free. The story is very engaging right from the start. You would have the experience of looking into the life of a gangster. The performances, character buildup have been done very well. The editing of the movie is outstanding. If you are fan of gangster movies watch this one definitely.
Must Watch – for gangster fans
2006A Dirty Carnival ReviewActionBest editingCrimeDirector making film on a gangsterDramaGangster movieJigarthandaKorean MovieNeo NoirSimilar movie to Jigarthanda
Crime, Drama, English Movies, Genre, Must Watch, Rating, Reviews, Thriller
June 16, 2013 rajasaravanan	1 Comment
The Departed – This is 2006 movie directed by Martin Scorsese. It is a crime thriller where a police superintendent makes one of the new recruit to infiltrate the drug trafficking gang. While the boss of the gang simultaneously makes one of the gangster infiltrate the police department. With moles in each group the plot gets interesting when both the boss and the police superintendent figure out the existence of moles in each of their groups. The rest of the movie is a race between them to uncover the moles faster than the other so that their own person in the other group is protected. What happens in the end is the rest of the plot. This movie is a remake of the 2002 Hong Kong movie Infernal Affairs.
The movie has a very close resemblance to the original, including many of the camera angles. For a director like Martin Scorsese to do this, you know how well the original has been made. Like the original this also follows the 3 Act Play to the book as mentioned in my recent Friday Fact section. The movie has some brilliant casting with Matt Damon, Leornado DiCaprio, Jack Nicholson, Martin Sheen and Mark Wahlberg. The movie just gets much bigger due to its cast ensemble. Kudos to Martin Scorsese to bring such a movie again back to the screen with strong casting a true tribute to the original. The Departed went on to win the Academy Award for the best picture. For the brilliant casting and narration this is a must watch.
2006Academy AwardEnglish MovieJack NicholsonLeornado DiCaprioMartin ScorseseMartin Sheen and Mark WahlbergMatt DamonMovie Review

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Useful Links | Emotions counselling and psychotherapy | How you feel matters!
However we all know that this is simply not true for everyone – The build up to Christmas comes and awful things still happen, have happened or are happening and for some reason we skirt around it. A time to 'forget' about those whose Christmas they could just do without. Let alone the constant reminders that bombard us from practically every single piece of media we own.
This time of year can also be a painful reminder of all those who are no longer with us, for all the difficulties in life that have happened to come back and remind us about them.
And what do we do as a country – we shut down and are not available.
So I thought I would compile a list of organisations available nationwide who will be on call either online or by telephone, who you can contact when or if you feel you need to.
Remembering that all behaviour is a form of communication is so important. Body language can be facial expressions, shuffling about, body posture, using hands, looking down… etc. read this short blog to understand more!
A great post in psychology today about how your emotional attachment styles can impact the relationships you develop through to adulthood and how it isn't too late to seek support to explore this further.
I was reading this link about ADHD and anxiety here and felt that much of this also applied to many people with a diagnosis of autism. I can fully understand the 'messing up without knowing why' because the world can be such a confusing place to be a part of when you have autism. The rules are constantly changing and sometimes are not rules at all. Opinions change like the wind and what may have been OK yesterday is not OK today. It can lead to feelings of failure and isolation as it can prevent you from taking those risks again.
Counselling can really help with this as it can help rebuild and restore your sense of self and self esteem, help you understand that it is OK to be you and that others peoples thoughts feeling and opinions do not have to impact you.
We can look at why someone has reacted to you in a certain way and explore what the outcome was for you and learn different ways to respond, if that is what is needed or how to be able to accept that we cannot control how people will respond and learn to be OK with that to.
There are seldom many wrongs or rights when it comes to peoples personal opinions on things but there are morals and guidelines and learning to understand yourself and your own thoughts feeling and opinions is often a good place to start.
I write for a couple of well known blogs – Recently on one of them I started writing an A-Z of Emotional Wellbeing. I thought I would share my Bringing us Together posts to provide insight and support about what emotional wellbeing looks like and how to achieve this even if you can only make tiny steps at the moment.
To start this of I am posting my A of the A-Z and I hope this helps you in some way.
Has your life been affected by PDA, do you experience the symptoms of PDA directly as an individual or indirectly as a family member?
Do you need support and advice to help you get through a tough time and learn new strategies to cope? See my post on PDA written for Special Needs Jungle which contains numerous strategies (with the enormous help of Positive Autism Support and Training – Thank you) to support you and your family through what can be a very tough time.
Click here to be taken directly to the post!
National Autistic Society www.autism.org A wealth of information to help support you or a loved one.
Action for Carers www.actionforcarers.org.uk Our main aim is to raise awareness of carers' needs and concerns throughout the county and to work in partnership with statutory services such as health care and social care teams to promote how best they can serve carers within Surrey.
www.carerssupport.org.uk – Empowering carers to lead fulfilling lives.
Mencap www.mencap.org.uk We work in partnership with people with a learning disability, and all our services support people to live life as they choose.
Mind www.mind.org – We provide advice and support to empower anyone experiencing a mental health problem. We campaign to improve services, raise awareness and promote understanding.
Mindfull – www.mindfull.org – Are you feeling down, depressed or worried? Is your mind full of negative thoughts or questions? Do you want to talk about your mental health? If so, MindFull is the place for you!
0808 800 5000 for adults concerned about a child.
Princess Royal Trust for Carers www.carers.org – A carer is anyone who cares, unpaid, for a friend or family member who due to illness, disability, a mental health problem or an addiction cannot cope without their support.
Together www.Together-uk.org – Together offer a wide variety of support to help people deal with the personal and practical impacts of mental health issues. The services we can provide range from one-to-one support in the community to supported accommodation and making sure people understand and are able to express their needs in their dealings with official bodies.
Phone: 0845 30 30 900.
Young Minds www.youngminds.org.uk – YoungMinds is the UK's leading charity committed to improving the emotional wellbeing and mental health of children and young people. Driven by their experiences we campaign, research and influence policy and practice.


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Thousands Step Out for the 2015 Shamrock Shuffle
Alexi Pappas and Stephen Sambu took the first place titles in the race
Published at 8:18 am on March 29, 2015
Thousands of runners hit the streets of Chicago in their running shoes for the 2015 Bank of America Shamrock Shuffle.
The rain held off as the 23,000 runners completed the 8K race through downtown, but windy conditions made it a little more difficult for runners.
"It was a little bit chilly out there and certainly windy, but you literally take it in stride," said Alexi Pappas, who finished the race in first place for women. "Even if the wind is hitting you, you still put in that race effort."
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Pappas finished the race with an unofficial time of 00:26:32 and an average pace of 5:21 minutes per mile. The Shuffle marked the second time the elite runner has visited Chicago. She first came to the Windy City to pace the elite runners in the Chicago Marathon in October.
Stephen Sambu, the 8K world record holder from Kenya, finished the race in first place for men. His unofficial time was 00:23:02, and he ran at an average pace of 4:39 minutes per mile. Sambu set the world record along with Geoffrey Mutai Kiprono in Boston in July 2014.
This year's race marked Sambu's first visit to Chicago. "I love Chicago," he said. "Chicago is the best."
Now in its 36th year, the Shamrock Shuffle has traditionally been the unofficial kick-off to running season in Chicago. The 8K race is also the largest of its kind in the world and the second largest race in Chicago after the Bank of America Chicago Marathon.
Check out the results page to find out where your family and friends finished.


COMEDK UGET 2019 Application Form will be published in the third week of January 2019. COMEDK (Consortium of Medical, Engineering and Dental Colleges of Karnataka) is the jurisdiction that provokes COMEDK UGET exam. It is coordinated to find admission into architecture & engineering classes in Karnataka state. This exam is a university level exam. Through this article, candidates can get complete information regarding COMEDK UGET 2019 Application Form.
Aadhaar Card is mandatory to meet with the application form.
COMEDK UGET 2019 Application Form will be available in the next week of January 2019.
Candidates will submit the application till the next week of April 2019.
No program will be issued by any other manner.
At the time of form filling, candidates must upload their scanned copy of a photo, touch (Dimension: 35 mm x 40 mm), guardian signature (Dimension: 35 mm x 40 mm) & one of a kind ID evidence in a JPEG/JPG format.
The dimensions of the aforementioned images should be 80 KB. For unique ID evidence, the dimensions is going to be 150 KB.
Do not forget to have a print copy of this confirmation page for additional references.
No need to ship COMEDK UGET Online program form along with any documents to the university.
Visit the official website link (Link will be supplied over ).
Click here on"Click here to use " link.
Now, click on"Click here to Register" link.
Fill out your registration details & click on"Register" button.
Fill the applying course, personal, category & instructional particulars.
Publish your latest photograph & signature and also guardian signature & unique ID proof in a given format.
Click the"Save & Continue" button.
Then, fill test city tastes.
Preview your application & click on"Publish " button.
Click "Proceed to Purchase ".
Take a print copy of the confirmation page for future use.


U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has determined that the Chicago region needs a detention facility for immigrants so that people from the area who are held for immigration issues can be closer to their families and other resources. The recent purchase of some property in nearby Hobart, Indiana, by a company that runs immigration and correctional detention facilities has people speculating that this is the intended use for the property.
Hobart city officials are keeping mum about specific plans for the 40-acre piece of land. So is the company itself, The GEO Group. The company, based in Florida, claims to be the "leading provider of correctional, detention and community re-entry services" in the world. However, it has a troubling history with its other detention facilities.
Facilities owned by The GEO Group have faced multiple lawsuits and other accusations of wrongful death, poor health care and sexual harassment over the past few years. They have also been the subject of a lawsuit by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) on behalf of two of its female prison employees who alleged verbal and physical harassment. That suit resulted in a $140,000 penalty for the company. That's small change compared to the nearly $3 million it paid to settle a class-action suit involving strip searches. In 2011, The GEO Group was ordered to pay $6.5 million in the wrongful death case of an Oklahoma prisoner who was killed by his cellmate.
Hobart officials have been reassuring nervous residents that in order for a detention or correctional facility to be built on the site, public hearings and city and planning commission approval would be required. Another company that attempted to construct a facility in neighboring Crete, Illinois, was stopped by objections from people living in the town.
Detention and correctional facilities can prove to be a mixed bag for an area. On the one hand, they provide jobs. However, they can also be a source of safety concerns for the community. Regardless of how people feel about having such a facility nearby, most people believe that prisoners and detainees have basic rights that the facilities housing them are obligated to protect. The troubling cases settled by the company that may be building a facility in our area is all the more reason for residents to be concerned.


text:
Station selecting transmitter
Transmitting a wireless signal from a transmitter to a receiver includes receiving an indication that a signal transmission is desired, in response to the indication, automatically searching an available frequency range for a station meeting an ambient signal strength criteria, and transmitting the wireless signal to the receiver at the station. Automatically searching the available frequency range may include determining ambient signal strength for each of a plurality of different stations to find a station having an ambient signal strength below a predetermined limit. The indication that a new station is to be selected may be user actuated or may be automatic. A transmitter may include a first input that receives an electronic audio signal, a second input that receives ambient signals at a range of frequencies used for transmitting by the transmitter, and a processor, coupled to at least the second input, that selects a station for the transmitter to transmit the electronic audio signal. The processor iteratively tests stations in a range of frequencies for the transmitter and selects a station having an ambient signal below a predetermined limit.
Jubelirer, Matthew A. (Seattle, WA, US)
Microsoft Corporation (Redmond, WA, US)
455/509, 455/513
H04B7/00; H04W76/02; H04W84/18
20090036083 Communication unit and method for interference mitigation February, 2009 Darwood
20060135227 Sliding/folding combination type portable digital communication apparatus and hinge unit thereof June, 2006 Chang et al.
20020004401 Method for enhancing the reliability and efficiency of aeronautical data communications networks using synchronization data transmitted by VHF data link mode 4 aircraft stations January, 2002 Heppe et al.
20080119131 System for providing interactive user interactive user interest survey to user of mobile devices May, 2008 Rao
20040176144 Signal changeable blue tooth earphone device September, 2004 Tung
20060003689 Qualitative determination of system health in centralized network management January, 2006 Griffin et al.
20020081984 System that customizes favorite radio stations for multiple users June, 2002 Liu
20040192411 Conservation of power in radiotelephone use September, 2004 Shim
20050208913 Intelligent radio scanning September, 2005 Raisinghani et al.
20090325550 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR RETRIEVING A LOST ENTITY, AND CELL-BASED WIRELESS NETWORK ADAPTED THEREFORE December, 2009 Godon et al.
20050266830 Method for notifying a wireless unit that a wireline unit is in an off-hook state December, 2005 Barclay et al.
LAI, DANIEL
Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC (One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA, 98052, US)
1. A method of transmitting a wireless signal from a transmitter to a receiver, comprising: receiving an indication that a signal transmission is desired; in response to the indication, automatically searching an available frequency range for a station meeting an ambient signal strength criteria; and transmitting the wireless signal to the receiver at the station.
2. A method, according to claim 1, wherein automatically searching the available frequency range includes determining ambient signal strength for each of a plurality of different stations to find a station having an ambient signal strength below a predetermined limit.
3. A method, according to claim 1, wherein receiving an indication includes having a user provide the indication that a new station is to be selected.
4. A method, according to claim 3, wherein the user provides the indication using a button on the transmitter.
5. A method, according to claim 1, further comprising: providing an indication of a selected station on a display of the transmitter.
6. A method, according to claim 1, further comprising: providing an indication of a selected station to a receiver.
7. A method, according to claim 6, wherein providing an indication of a selected station to a receiver includes using Bluetooth.
8. A computer readable medium having computer executable instructions for performing the steps recited in claim 1.
9. A method for a transmitter to set a station for transmitting a wireless signal, comprising: the transmitter selecting a particular station from a number of possible stations for transmission; the transmitter determining ambient signal strength at the particular station; in response to the ambient signal strength being below a predetermined first limit, setting the station for transmitting to the particular station; and in response to the ambient signal strength not being below the predetermined first limit, the transmitter selecting a different particular station from the number of possible stations for transmission and determining ambient signal strength at the different particular station.
10. A method, according to claim 9, further comprising: the transmitter repeatedly selecting different particular stations from the number of possible stations and comparing ambient signal strength at the different particular stations with the predetermined first limit until either all possible stations have been selected or until at least one of the different particular stations has an ambient signal strength below the predetermined first limit.
11. A method, according to claim 10, wherein selecting different particular stations includes incrementing a station pointer through a range of possible station values.
12. A method, according to claim 10, wherein, in response to there being at least one of the different particular stations having an ambient signal strength below the predetermined first limit, the transmitter provides an indication thereof on a display of the transmitter.
13. A method, according to claim 10, wherein, in response to there being at least one of the different particular stations having an ambient signal strength below the predetermined first limit, the transmitter provides an indication thereof to a receiver.
14. A method, according to claim 13, wherein the transmitter provides an indication to the receiver using Bluetooth.
15. A method, according to claim 10, further comprising: in response to all possible stations being selected, the transmitter repeatedly reselecting different particular stations from the number of possible stations and comparing determined ambient signal strength at the different particular stations with a predetermined second limit until either all possible stations have been selected or until at least one of the different particular stations has an ambient signal strength below the predetermined second limit.
16. A computer readable medium having computer executable instructions for performing the steps recited in claim 9.
17. A transmitter, comprising: an first input that receives an electronic audio signal; a second input that receives ambient signals at a range of frequencies used for transmitting by the transmitter; and a processor, coupled to at least the second input, that selects a station for the transmitter to transmit the electronic audio signal wherein the processor iteratively tests a plurality of stations in a range of frequencies for the transmitter and selects a station having an ambient signal below a predetermined limit.
18. A transmitter, according to claim 17, further comprising: a display, coupled to the processor, wherein after the processor selects a station, the processor causes the display to show the station to a user.
19. A transmitter, according to claim 17, further comprising: a user actuated input, coupled to the processor, for causing the processor to initiate a search for a new station.
20. A transmitter, according to claim 17, further comprising: transmit and receive components, coupled to the processor and the first input signal, wherein the transmit and receive components cause wireless signals to be sent and received by the transmitter and wherein the transmit and receive components exchange data with the processor to indicate the strength of ambient signals and modulate the first input signal at a frequency selected by the processor.
Many portable media devices, such as MP3 players, use headphones, ear buds, or the like to provide an audio signal to a single listener. While this is fine in some cases, in others it is not. For example, a driver may not use a portable media device with headphones or ear buds while driving because it is not considered safe. In addition, there may be instances where it is desirable to provide the output of a portable media device to more than one user at the same time.
Manufacturers have provided different solutions to address this, including transmitters that receive input from a portable media player (e.g., via the headphone jack) and transmit a weak signal to a receiver in close proximity to the transmitter. In some instances, an FM transmitter and an FM receiver are used. The transmitter enables media stored on a portable media player to be played back on an available audio system such as a car or home stereo system using an available (unused) station frequency.
A difficulty with such transmitters is that they operate best when used at a frequency that does not otherwise contain any broadcast signals or other interference even though the operating frequency of the transmitters is usually part of the usable frequency of the receivers. For example, a transmitter used with a conventional FM receiver transmits in the available commercial FM broadcasting band. Some transmitters use a switch that allows the user to select from a few (e.g., four to six) preset frequencies for operation, hoping that at least one is available (i.e., otherwise unused). Other transmitters may use a manual scroll wheel that allows the users to scroll through the entire spectrum of available frequencies. Some transmitters are digital and contain an LCD display that allows the user to view the selected frequency.
All of the above-described transmitters require the user to use the receiver to first find an unused frequency band. If a frequency band is available, the user may then set the corresponding transmitter to that frequency. This process may be time consuming because it requires the user to adjust both the receiver and the transmitter and because there does not appear to be any automatic seek functionality for unused frequency bands on conventional receivers. Thus, the user is required to manually adjust the receiver frequency and "listen" for no signal. Understandably, this process sometimes ends with a frustrating sound quality experience for the user.
This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
Transmitting a wireless signal from a transmitter to a receiver includes receiving an indication that a signal transmission is desired, in response to the indication, automatically searching an available frequency range for a station meeting an ambient signal strength criteria, and transmitting the wireless signal to the receiver at the station. Automatically searching the available frequency range may include determining ambient signal strength for each of a plurality of different stations to find a station having an ambient signal strength below a predetermined limit. The indication that a new station is to be selected may be user actuated or may be automatic.
A transmitter setting a station for transmitting a signal includes the transmitter selecting a station from a number of possible stations for transmission and the transmitter determining ambient signal strength at the station. If the ambient signal strength is below a predetermined limit, the station is chosen. If the ambient signal strength is not below the predetermined limit, the transmitter selects a different station and determines ambient signal strength at the different station. It is possible to iterate through all of the possible stations and, if no station is found, change the limit and iterate through all of the stations again.
A transmitter may include a first input that receives an electronic audio signal, a second input that receives ambient signals at a range of frequencies used for transmitting by the transmitter, and a processor, coupled to at least the second input, that selects a station for the transmitter to transmit the electronic audio signal. The processor iteratively tests stations in a range of frequencies for the transmitter and selects a station having an ambient signal below a predetermined limit. The transmitter may include a display and/or a user actuated button.
FIG. 1 is a diagram that illustrates a source device, a transmitter, and a receiver according to an embodiment of the system described herein.
FIG. 2 is a diagram that illustrates a source device, a transmitter, and a receiver according to an alternative embodiment of the system described herein.
FIG. 3 is a diagram that illustrates a transmitter according to an embodiment of the system described herein.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart that illustrates operation of an embodiment of the system described herein.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart that illustrates monitoring signal quality according to an embodiment of the system described herein.
Described herein are various technologies and techniques for facilitating communication between an audio signal source and a receiver. Various embodiments are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which show specific exemplary embodiments for practicing various embodiments. However, other embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete. Embodiments may be practiced as methods, systems or devices. Accordingly, embodiments may take the form of a hardware implementation, an entirely software implementation or an implementation combining software and hardware aspects. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.
The logical operations of the various embodiments are implemented (1) as a sequence of computer implemented steps running on a computing system and/or (2) as interconnected machine modules within the computing system. The implementation is a matter of choice dependent on the performance requirements of the computing system implementing the embodiment. Accordingly, the logical operations making up the embodiments described herein are referred to alternatively as operations, steps or modules.
Referring to FIG. 1, a diagram 20 illustrates a source device 22, a transmitter 24 and a receiver 26. The source device 22 may be any type of device capable of producing an electronic signal representative of an audio signal (hereinafter "electronic audio signal"), such as an MP3 player, a CD player, or a tape player. The receiver 26 may be any type of device capable of receiving a wireless electronic audio signal and causing an audio signal to be reproduced for listening by a user (e.g., using one or more speakers). In an embodiment herein, the receiver 26 may be an FM radio receiver found in an automobile. However, other types of receivers may be used consistent with the discussion herein.
The transmitter 24 may be electronically coupled to the source device 22 and may receive the electronic audio signal from the source device 22 (e.g., via a headphone jack) and transmit a wireless signal that is received by the receiver 26. A wireless signal may be considered any signal that is transmitted from a source to a destination where at least part of the transmission path does not use wires or the like to propagate the signal. When the receiver 26 is an FM radio receiver, the transmitter 24 is an FM transmitter. Thus, an electronic audio signal is generated at the source device 22 (e.g., an MP3 player), provided to the transmitter 24, and transmitted from the transmitter 24 to the receiver 26 (e.g., an FM radio receiver) via a wireless FM signal. In some embodiments, the power of the wireless signal generated by the transmitter 24 is limited by law and/or regulation so that the signal generated by the transmitter 24 does not interfere with other legitimate signals (e.g., commercial broadcast signals). For example, if the receiver 26 is an FM radio receiver and the transmitter 24 transmits FM radio signals, then it may be desirable to restrict the transmission power of the transmitter 24 so as to minimize interference with commercial FM broadcast signals.
As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the transmitter 24 determines a frequency on which to transmit by sampling the available frequencies and selecting a station having an amount of signal energy from other sources less than a predetermined limit. The selected station is then used for transmitting the wireless signal from the transmitter 24 to the receiver 26. Note that although in some contexts the term "station" may refer to a frequency band in a radio frequency spectrum over which a commercial broadcast signal is provided, the term "station" may be understood herein to be broader and refer to any frequency or frequency band irrespective of whether there are any commercial broadcast signals on that band, irrespective of whether the frequencies of the frequency band is wider or narrower than a commercial broadcast frequency band and irrespective of and irrespective of whether or not the frequencies of the frequency band are contiguous.
Referring to FIG. 2, a diagram 40 illustrates an alternative embodiment where the transmitter 24 is integrated into a source device 22′. In the embodiment illustrated by the diagram 40, the source device 22′ and the transmitter 24 may be a single integrated unit that generates the electronic audio signal and transmits the wireless signal to the receiver 26.
Referring to FIG. 3, the transmitter 24 is shown in more detail as including an optional display 52 and an optional user actuated button 54. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the transmitter 24 may automatically select an appropriate station for transmission from the transmitter 24 to the receiver 26. The display 52 illustrates the selected station to the user. In some embodiments, the user may then manually tune in the receiver 26 to the station indicated by the display 52. In other embodiments, other mechanisms may be used to tune the receiver 26 to the appropriate station. Note that the display 52 could be any type of display capable of conveying station information to a user, including an LCD display.
The user actuated button 54 may be used to initiate selection of an appropriate station by the transmitter 24. Of course, any appropriate device allowing a user to provide input to the transmitter 24 may be used for the button 54. Thus, the term "button", as used herein, should be understood to include any device capable of allowing a user to provide a signal indicating a desire to search for and select a new station. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, in some cases the transmitter 24 may automatically initiate a search and selection for an appropriate station without any input from the user. Thus, in some cases, the transmitter may initiate selection of an appropriate station either in response to the user actuating the button 54 and/or in response to other conditions, described elsewhere herein.
In some embodiments the transmitter 24 may also include a processor 56, which provides general purpose processing consistent with the discussion herein. The processor 56 may provide a signal to the display 52 to cause the display to show the selected station as discussed herein. The processor may also receive a signal from the user actuated button 54.
The transmitter 24 may also include transmit and receive components 58, which may be conventional off-the-shelf or other types of electronic audio components that receive the electronic audio signal from the source 22 and modulate the signal at the frequency of the wireless signal transmitted by the transmitter 24. The transmit and receive components 58 may also receive wireless signals and provide appropriate data indicative thereof (e.g., signal strength) to the processor 56. Thus, the transmit and receive components 58 may be coupled to, and exchange signals with, the processor 56 to provide the functionality described herein (i.e., to indicate to the processor 56 the strength of ambient signals at different stations and to modulate the electronic audio signal at a station frequency selected by the processor 56 to transmit the wireless signals described herein).
Implementation of the transmitter 24 may be straight-forward based on the description herein using conventional off-the-shelf or other types of hardware components for transmission, reception, signal analysis, processing, etc. For example, note that the transmitter 24 may use some or all of the transmission components thereof to also receive the ambient signal or may use a completely different set of components. The particular choice of components for the transmitter 24 is largely a matter of design choice dependent on the performance requirements of the system described herein and on a variety of other factors, including commercial factors such as manufacturing costs, reliability, mass production considerations, etc.
The operations described herein may be referred to variously as steps, operations, structural devices, acts or modules. However, it is noted that these operations, structural devices, acts and modules may be implemented in software, in firmware, in special purpose digital logic, a computer readable medium having computer executable instructions, and any combination thereof without deviating from the spirit and scope of the system described herein. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that while a particular order of operation is set forth with respect to the logical operations illustrated herein, other orders of operation are possible, unless indicated otherwise or apparent from the context.
The system described herein automatically selects a station (i.e, a frequency) for transmission according to specific criteria, such as the ambient signal strength at the station. Different embodiments may use various mechanisms or criteria to traverse through frequencies, sequentially, or randomly, or based on some more elaborate traversal rules. The first or nth station below a threshold having a lowest ambient signal strength may be selected for transmission. The discussion below is a detailed description of a particular implementation where it is understood that other implementations are contemplated.
Referring to FIG. 4, a flowchart 70 illustrates steps performed in connection with searching for and selecting an appropriate station for transmitting from the transmitter 24 to the receiver 26. In an embodiment herein, the processing performed by the steps illustrated by the flow chart 70 use a processor coupled to appropriate components of the transmitter to allow reception of signals and actuation of components (e.g., the display 52) to provide the functionality described herein. However, as discussed elsewhere herein, other implementations are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the system described herein.
Processing begins at a first step 72 where a pass count variable is initialized to one. Use of the pass count variable is described in more detail below. Following the step 72 is a step 74 where a station pointer is made to indicate an initial portion of the usable frequency spectrum of the transmitter 24. As described below, the station pointer may be used to iterate through the spectrum to find a suitable station. In an embodiment herein, the station pointer may be made to indicate the beginning of the spectrum at the step 74 where each iteration increases the frequency. However, the system described herein may be implemented in other ways having the station pointer initially indicate any portion of the spectrum where each iteration changes the frequency in an appropriate manner.
Following the step 74 is a step 76 where processing is provided to perform a signal strength determination of a received wireless signal (i.e., ambient signals) at the station pointer. The calculation performed at the step 76 may be any one of a number of appropriate signal strength determinations, including squaring the amplitude of the measured signal level, performing an RMS calculation, or any other appropriate calculation. In some instances, the signal strength may be a measure of signal energy, but in other cases it may not be. For example, the calculation performed at the step 76 may take into account both the energy of the signal and an average estimate of the signal peaks.
Following the step 76 is a test step 78 where it is determined if the signal strength calculated at the step 76 is less than a predetermined limit. The limit used at the step 78 may be any appropriate value that allows for selection of a station having an appropriately low ambient signal strength (e.g., one that does not cause too much undesirable interference to a listener). The limit used at the step 78 may be set by empirically determining a value therefor that provides desirable performance of the system. Also, as described below, the limit may be modified for subsequent iterations.
Note that criteria other than ambient signal strength may be used to automatically select a station for transmission, in which case the test at the step 78, and perhaps the determination at the step 76, may be different. In addition, it is possible for the criteria used at the step 78 to be the ambient signal strength combined with some other criteria. Thus, the system described herein contemplates station selection based on ambient signal strength, some other criteria, or a combination of ambient signal strength and some other criteria.
If it is determined at the test step 78 that the signal strength calculated at the step 76 is below the predetermined limit, then control transfers from the test step 78 to a step 82 where the station pointed to by the pointer is set for the transmitter 24 so that the transmitter 24 transmits the wireless signal at that frequency. Following the step 82 is a step 84 where the selected station is indicated to the user by, for example, numerically displaying the frequency of the station at the display 52 of the transmitter 24. In other embodiments (described below) where the transmitter 24 may automatically provide the value of the selected station to the receiver 26, the step 84 may include automatically setting the station at the receiver 26. Also, such embodiments may not use or need the display 52 at all and thus may not indicate any station to the user. Following the step 84, processing is complete.
Note that the processing described above tends to locate a first available station. If there is a reason to not always do this (e.g., to avoid collisions among multiple transmitters), then it is possible to add logic that randomly selects the nth available station. Such logic could a) choose a relative low random number (e.g., two through ten); b) set a counter to one; c) increment the counter each time an acceptable station is found; and d) perform the processing at the steps 82, 84 only when the counter equals the random number determined at a).
If it is determined at the test step 78 that the signal strength calculated at the step 76 is not less than the predetermined limit, then control transfers from the test step 78 to a step 86 to increment the pointer used to iterate through the stations of the available stations. In an embodiment herein, the pointer is initially set to the beginning of the frequency band of the transmitter 24 at the step 74 and incrementing the pointer at the step 86 involves increasing the pointer by an amount corresponding to a single station. However, in other embodiments, it may be possible to set the pointer to other initial values at the step 74 and/or have the increment step 86 appropriately modified the pointer. It is possible to have the step 86 randomly modify the pointer with the understanding that it may be less desirable in certain situations to have the pointer be equal to the same frequency more than once for a particular iteration. In other situations, this may be acceptable.
Following the step 86 is a test step 88 which determines if more stations in the frequency band of the transmitter 24 are available. If so, then control transfers from the test step 88 back to the step 76 to calculate the signal strength at the station corresponding to the new value of the pointer. Otherwise, if it is determined at the test step 88 that there are no more stations available (i.e., all have been tested already), then control passes from the test step 88 to a step 92 where the pass count variable is incremented. The pass count variable may be used to keep track of how many iterations through all the possible stations have been performed. In an embodiment herein, the system makes two separate passes over the available frequencies in order to attempt to find an appropriate station, where a different (higher) limit is used for the second pass. However, for other embodiments, any number of passes may be used including a single pass, in which case the pass count variable and associated logic may not be necessary.
Following the step 92 is a test step 94 where it is determined if the pass count variable has exceeded the number of allowable passes. If not, then control transfers from the test step 94 to a step 96 where the predetermined signal strength limit, used at the test step 78 (described above) is adjusted. In an embodiment herein, the signal strength limit is increased at the step 96 in order to increase the likelihood of finding an acceptable station at the next iteration. Of course, if the predetermined signal strength limit is increased to too high a level at the step 96, then the station that is selected may have too much interference (e.g., from commercial radio broadcasts) to be able to provide acceptable performance. Following the step 96, control transfers back to the step 74, described above, to begin the next iteration.
If it is determined at the test step 94 that the pass count variable exceeds the desired number of passes (e.g., two), then control transfers from the test step 94 to a step 98 where the user is provided with an indication (e.g., at the display 52) that no acceptable station was found. For embodiments where the transmitter 24 causes the receiver 26 to automatically adjust to an appropriate frequency, the processing performed at the step 98 may include the transmitter 24 providing an appropriate signal to the receiver 26. Following the step 98, processing is complete.
Note that the processing illustrated by the flow chart 70 performs an automatic search for an acceptable station for the transmitter 26. Unlike a conventional manual search, where the user is required to incrementally tune the receiver 26, "listen" for an acceptable station, and then tune the transmitter, the automatic searching performed by the transmitter 24 automatically determines signal strength at each of a number of potential stations (e.g., by performing appropriate calculations using the received signal).
As described elsewhere herein, in some embodiments, the transmitter 24 may maintain the same station unless and until the user actuates the button 54 or performs some other appropriate steps to affirmatively indicate a desire to change the station. Such changes may become desirable in certain instances. For example, if a user is traveling in an automobile, then a station that is acceptable at a first location may become unacceptable as the user travels to a second location. This may occur, for example, because reception of a commercial wireless signal is stronger at the second location than at the first location.
Referring to FIG. 5, a flowchart 110 illustrates steps performed in connection with the transmitter 24 automatically monitoring ambient signal strength to determine if automatic adjustment to a new station is appropriate and, if so, performing that adjustment. Processing begins at a first step 112 where the current ambient signal strength is calculated in a manner like (or identical to) the calculation performed at the step 76 of the flow chart 70 of FIG. 4. In other cases, a signal strength calculation may be performed at the step 112 that is different than the calculation performed at the step 76 of the flow chart 70 of FIG. 4. Following the step 112 is a test step 114 where it is determined if the result of the calculation at the step 112 exceeds the predetermined limit. The predetermined limit used at the step 114 may be the same as the limit used at the step 78 (or used in one of the iterations of the step 78) or may be different. In some embodiments, the limit used at the step 114 to determine if the station needs to be changed may be higher than the limit used at the step 78 to set the station.
If it is determined at the test step 114 that the ambient signal strength is not greater than the limit, then control transfers from the test step 114 to a step 116 where the process waits. The amount of time that the process waits at the step 116 varies according to a desired cycle time of the process illustrated by the flowchart 110. Note that as the wait time is decreased at the step 116, more processing resources of the transmitter 24 may be necessary to continuously or nearly continuously run. However, as the wait time is increased at the step 116, the reaction time for the transmitter 24 to change to a new station may become unacceptably long. Following the step 116, control transfers back to the step 112 to recalculate the ambient signal strength.
If it is determined at the test step 114 that the ambient signal strength is greater than the predetermined limit, then control transfers from the test step 114 to a step 118 where an indication is provided to the user that the current station is unacceptable and the transmitter 24 is automatically selecting a new station. The indication provided to the user at the step 118 may be in any appropriate form including an audio indication (e.g., a beep), an indication on the display 52, or some other indication. Of course, for embodiments where the transmitter 24 causes of the receiver 26 to automatically adjust to a new station, the processing performed at the step 118 may include providing a signal from the transmitter 24 to the receiver 26 indicating that the current station is no longer acceptable. For such embodiments, it may not be necessary to provide any indication to the user. Following the step 118 is a step 122 where a new station is obtained. The processing performed at the step 122 may correspond to the processing illustrated by the flowchart 70 of FIG. 4. Following the step 122, control transfers back to the step 112 for the next iteration.
Note that, in some embodiments, it may be desirable to prevent the transmitter from automatically changing stations too often. This may be provided by increasing the wait time at the step 116, using limits at the step 114 that are higher than the limits used at the step 78 to select a station, or simply by keeping track of the time at which a new station is selected and not allowing station changes for a certain amount of time after the time of the previous change.
Referring to FIG. 6, a diagram 120 illustrates an alternative embodiment where a transmitter 124 automatically causes a receiver 126 to change to the appropriate station without user intervention. There is a connection 128 between the transmitter 124 and the receiver 126 that is different from the wireless signal sent from the transmitter 124 to the receiver 126. In other respects, the transmitter 124 is like the transmitter 24, described above, and the receiver 126 is like the receiver 26, described above. The transmitter 124 is connected to a source device (not shown), like the source device 22 of the diagram 20 of FIG. 1. In the embodiment illustrated by the diagram 120, the transmitter 124 provides a signal to the receiver 126 to cause the receiver to adjust to the station selected by the transmitter 124. In some embodiments, the transmitter 124 may be directly wired to the receiver 126. In other embodiments, the transmitter may use some type of conventional control transmission, such as Bluetooth or WiFi.
Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
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text:
Looking back at VVHS 2014 sports
Desert Valley Times
Two individual state champions in wrestling, a school record in the girls pole vault and three teams qualifying for the playoffs highlight the 2014 sports year at Virgin Valley High School.
February saw freshman Jacob Baird win the 106-pound title and junior Juan Dominguez the 120-pound crown at the state Division I-A championships at The Star of Desert Arena in Primm.
Junior Broc Smith was runner-up at 160 and junior Cash Crandall fourth at 120.
Both VVHS basketball teams won 15 games and qualified for the South Division I-A regional tournament.
The boys went 15-11 overall and finished second in the Sunrise Conference at 9-3. The Bulldogs hosted Mojave of North Las Vegas in a first-round contest, falling 58-53 in overtime.
The girls also finished second in conference play at 9-3 and were 15-10 overall. The Lady Bulldogs hosted Western in the first round and were defeated 57-52.
The VVHS girls flag football team ended the season at 8-13 overall and went 7-9 in the Southwest Division of the Clark County School District league.
In spring sports, the Lady Bulldog softball team finished third in conference play at 7-5 and qualified for the South Division I-A regional tournament.
VVHS knocked off Cheyenne of North Las Vegas, 8-7, in a first-round contest and then dropped a 14-0 decision to Boulder City. They were eliminated from the double-elimination tournament when they fell to Tech of Henderson, 14-7. They finished 11-21 overall.
The baseball team finished 5-25 overall and was fifth in conference play at 3-9.
In track and field, junior Taylor Bryant set a school record in the pole vault at 9-9 which was good enough for second place at the state track and field meet in Carson City. She also qualified for state in the 100-meter hurdles. Freshman Dylan Bryant also qualified for state in the pole vault.
Rich Martinez was the only boy at state, qualifying in the high jump.
The VVHS swimming and diving team had 10 participants place at state. Isaac Draskovich, Ramsey Draskovich, Ryan Frump, Nathan Gately, Brett Black and Andrew Memmott were the boys that placed at state while Abbie Barnard, Brooke White, Melissa Guthrie and Kennedi Ludvigson placed for the girls.
In boys' golf, freshman Hogan Fowles and junior Keani Munford qualified for the state meet in Reno.
In the just concluded fall season, VVHS had three teams qualify for the playoffs -- volleyball, girls' soccer and boys' tennis.
The Lady Bulldog volleyball team finished second in conference play and defeated Spring Valley in the first round of the regional tournament before being eliminated by eventual state champion Faith Lutheran.
The Lady Soccer Dogs set a school record for wins in a season while finishing second in conference play. The girls were eliminated by Clark, 2-0, in the first round of the regional tournament in Las Vegas.
The boys' tennis team advanced to the playoffs where they were eliminated in the first round of the regional tournament by The Meadows School.
The boys' soccer team missed out on qualifying for the postseason by one game, as did the Bulldog football team.
The girls' tennis team and girls golf team also failed to qualify for regional play.


Founded in 2007, The Cottage Theatre at The Center for Home Education is a theatrical academy that continues to stir the imaginations of performers and audience members alike.
In addition to theatre and vocal classes, the Cottage Theatre produces 4 main productions each school year, 2 musicals and 2 non-musicals. There are also 2 summer camp productions that last 2 weeks. The student cast receive professional direction in all areas needed to perform a full dramatic production. Musical productions include vocal instruction. The student crew acquire the skills to support all areas of a theatrical production, including set design, lighting, and sound.


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text:
Procedures and Techniques
How do we turn our high altitude, high speed projectile into a graceful bird ready for approach at a lower altitude and reduced airspeed?
Penetrations. Back in the bad old days, big airplanes flew to a point very near the airport, threw out the anchor, and down they came. Sometimes we get rushed and end up doing the same thing these days in the proverbial "slam dunk" approach.
VNAV. In our more modern era we rely on computerized vertical navigation systems to make it all work nicely in a fuel saving, quiet, and trouble free descent. Except sometimes we don't program the computer just right, sometimes ATC has other ideas, sometimes other airplanes get in the way. When that happens. . .
TLAR. We can guess at the descent rate thinking, "That looks about right." Of course that risks not getting down in time so we quite often resort to hitting the "Flight Level Change" button which brings the throttles to idle and gets us down in time for us to push them back up again wondering what the hurry was. Or . . .
TARA. We can come up with a plan to computerize the descent without the computer, constantly critiquing our performance with, "That ain't right, adjust." With practice, we can make this work every time. If you want to remember one thing and one thing only about all this, try this: a three degree glide path comes to around 300 feet per nautical mile.
Yes, math is involved, but it is math you can do.
When to Start Down
We can sometimes be the master of our fates and start descent at our own discretion. Chances are your FMS has a "TOD" function, where it depicts a top of descent and maybe even gives you a count down. There can be a few problems:
FMS programming. The FMS itself may have software issues that botches the descent on occasion. You may think they are random events, but the box may have certain things it doesn't do well under certain conditions. The person doing the programming probably wasn't a pilot. But even if he or she was, the programmer didn't think of everything.
Pilot programming. You may have entered the wrong altitude or distance, you may have put a diagonal in the wrong place, or maybe you did everything right and that guy in the seat opposite of yours undid it. In any case, the box has bad numbers.
ATC programming. You may have the world's best-designed STAR, the best FMS, and you may have done a superb job programming it. But then ATC throws in a new restriction.
For those days you were told to start down "at your discretion," give the FMS a vote, but you have the final decision. There are two good start down points depending on:
Three degree top of descent
Air Traffic Control used to be designed around the idea most airplanes are most efficient flying a three degree descent and there are still parts of the world where you can do this. Figuring it is easy. The rule for descents is that your gradient equals flight levels divided by nautical miles to go. If you throw in a 3.33 degree descent, the math becomes easy . . .
We can hardly detect 0.33 degrees so we'll call it 3
Start descent at three times your altitude (in thousands of feet) to achieve a 3 degree descent.
If you are at 45,000 feet, for example, round the altitude up to 50, just to make things easy, and start down at 3 x 50 = 150 miles out. If you are descending to a high altitude airport, you may want to adjust for the field's elevation.
3° Top of Descent
Crossing Restrictions
Required Descent Gradient
What happens if you don't have a choice and are told to get down within a fixed distance? You could program that into your FMS and chances are it will make it happen. But sometimes it doesn't. You should always come up with your own answer to check the FMS or to have a Plan B for the days the FMS throws up its hands and says, "I don't know, you do it."
You can compute a required descent gradient by dividing the flight levels to lose by the nautical miles to go. Once you have that, you can compute a desired VVI. (More on that after an example.)
Gradient required
Example: Eros Arrival Start Descent with a Crossing Restriction
You are at FL410 and they gave you direct WDH with 435 nm to go and you have absolutely nothing to do for the next 48 minutes. But then they throw in a curve ball: "Cross 100 miles west of Windhoek at 10,000 feet." No problem, says you, just enter WDH//100/10000 in the line above WDH in the FMS and the box does everything for you. But then, for some reason, the airplane flies right through TOD. Maybe you never hit the VNAV key, maybe the PM put one fewer slash on the FMS command line than Mister Honeywell expected, or maybe there is a gremlin in the system. But you are behind in the game now.
How could you have detected this earlier? Well, once you typed in all that data you could have taken one more step. Figure a start descent point on your own. For a three degree descent you would have to start down no later than:
Distance needed for descent=Altitude to lose in thousands x 3=(41−10)x3=93
At this point I would brief the PM, "If the box doesn't start us down 193 miles from ALB, I will.
But that is water under the bridge. You are now at FL410 at 180 DME, you only have 80 miles to go. The flustered PM can't seem to get the FMS to communicate and you need to get down. You can hit Flight Level Change, pull out the boards, and end up droning for a few miles, red-faced. Or you can start the nose down and do some quick mental math.
We know the descent gradient is equal to the flight levels to lose divided by the nautical miles to go, but the math
310/80=?
isn't so straight forward.
We want to do this without a calculator, slide rule, or Stephen Hawking in the jump seat. Well, 8 is a factor of 32 — it divides easily — and if we can make the gradient with 320 flight levels to lose we can certainly do it with only 310 flight levels. And that makes life for us as pilots easier:
320/80=4
If we achieve a 4° descent gradient, we will make it to our restriction with room to spare. So leave the boards stowed for now and see what kind of VVI we've got with the power levers at idle.
Required VSI
60 to 1 Rule tells us that nautical miles per minute times the descent gradient times 100 gives us our required VSI. But we don't have a meter that tells us our nautical miles per minute, do we? Most modern cockpit do have a ground speed readout, however, and that is easily converted.
Required VSI = Required Descent Gradient times (nautical miles per minute) times 100.
It is easier if you break this down into steps. Take your ground speed and divide by sixty and round that to the nearest number. Back to our example:
Example: Eros Arrival VSI Needed
In our Eros example : Our ground speed is 542 nm/hour:
Ground speed can be rounded to 540 which makes our math easier: 540/60 = 9 miles per minute.
A 4 degree descent means the required VSI will be 4 x 9 x 100 = 3,600 fpm
So we are looking for 3,600 fpm. If idle and clean gives us that, we are good to go. Not enough? Sneak just enough boards out to get it.
Progress Check
Once we've started down we should make occasional progress checks to make sure our initial math was okay and that the winds aren't changing the conditions on us. As we descend, picking the right altitude or distance can simply for math. For example . . .
Example: Eros Arrival Progress
Let's say in our example we started down a bit aggressively, trying to take care of the steepest part of the descent early. We should pick easy altitudes to give ourselves a progress check. Perhaps crossing FL250 we find ourselves at 150 DME:
250−10050=3250-10050=3
So we've caught up on the descent and now have a nice, normal, three degree gradient in front of us. Our ground speed will have decreased with altitude, of course, and now reads 350. We can round that up to 360 so we have 6 nm/min, which makes the required VVI easy:
6X3X100=1800fpm
The Magic of 3 Degrees
Most airplanes are happiest when descending on a 3 degree glide path all the way from altitude to touchdown. Some, like my G450, can't quite manage the 3 degrees at high altitude without accelerating, but generally speaking 3 degrees is the magic number.
Is this number magic or is it related to the 60 to 1 cult many of us belong to? Neither. It is simply math: if you multiply the distance to go (in feet) by the tangent of 3 degrees you get the height at that point (in feet). For a 3 degree glide path that comes to 318 feet every nautical mile. Or you can round that to 320 feet per nautical mile, or even 300 feet per nautical mile.
The peskier math
What if the math just doesn't work in your head? I can offer three solutions:
Calculator. You can keep a pocket calculator in the cockpit and just cheat.
Whiz Wheel. I did this for years, spin the numbers on the whiz wheels. It gets easy with practice. But now I do something else. . .
Lazy Math. Make the numbers conservative. Let's say in our example you came up with 4.5 degrees and 9 miles per minute. Whaaah? 9 times 4 is 36. 9 times 5 is 45. 9 times 4.5 is between the two, call it 40. So your target VVI would have been 4,000 fpm.


text:
Demetrias — род жужелиц из подсемейства Lebiinae.

Описание
Предпоследний сегмент задних лапок глубоко выемчатый, двулопастный.

Систематика
В составе рода:

Примечания

Харпалины
Роды жесткокрылых

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Féniers (Feniers en occitan) est une commune française située dans le département de la Creuse en région Nouvelle-Aquitaine.

Géographie
Féniers est située au Nord du plateau de Millevaches en Creuse. La commune de Féniers comprend les hameaux de Crabanat, Le Petit Meymat, Ganneclaire, la Rebeyrolle, le Moulin et Louvage. Féniers est dominée par le Puy de Crabanat ( d'altitude). La source de la Creuse, affluent de la Vienne, était située sur cette commune (d'après l'ancien cadastre établi en 1834). Sa superficie est de ². Elle est actuellement située sur la commune de Le Mas-d'Artige

Féniers est le plus haut chef-lieu de commune du département, établi à environ 840 mètres d'altitude.

Climat
Le climat qui caractérise la commune est qualifié, en 2010, de « climat de montagne », selon la typologie des climats de la France qui compte alors huit grands types de climats en métropole. En 2020, la commune ressort du même type de climat dans la classification établie par Météo-France, qui ne compte désormais, en première approche, que cinq grands types de climats en métropole. Pour ce type de climat, la température décroît rapidement en fonction de l'altitude. On observe une nébulosité minimale en hiver et maximale en été. Les vents et les précipitations varient notablement selon le lieu.

Les paramètres climatiques qui ont permis d'établir la typologie de 2010 comportent six variables pour les températures et huit pour les précipitations, dont les valeurs correspondent à la normale 1971-2000. Les sept principales variables caractérisant la commune sont présentées dans l'encadré ci-après.

Avec le changement climatique, ces variables ont évolué. Une étude réalisée en 2014 par la Direction générale de l'Énergie et du Climat complétée par des études régionales prévoit en effet que la  température moyenne devrait croître et la pluviométrie moyenne baisser, avec toutefois de fortes variations régionales. Ces changements peuvent être constatés sur la station météorologique de Météo-France la plus proche, « Peyrelevade », sur la commune de Peyrelevade, mise en service en 1965 et qui se trouve à  à vol d'oiseau, où la température moyenne annuelle est de  et la hauteur de précipitations de  pour la période 1981-2010.
Sur la station météorologique historique la plus proche, « Limoges-Bellegarde », sur la commune de Limoges, dans le département de la Haute-Vienne,  mise en service en 1973 et à , la température moyenne annuelle évolue de  pour la période 1971-2000, à  pour 1981-2010, puis à  pour 1991-2020.

Urbanisme

Typologie
Féniers est une commune rurale, car elle fait partie des communes peu ou très peu denses, au sens de la grille communale de densité de l'Insee.
La commune est en outre hors attraction des villes.

Occupation des sols

L'occupation des sols de la commune, telle qu'elle ressort de la base de données européenne d'occupation biophysique des sols Corine Land Cover (CLC), est marquée par l'importance des territoires agricoles (61 % en 2018), en augmentation par rapport à 1990 (52,5 %). La répartition détaillée en 2018 est la suivante :
prairies (54,7 %), forêts (26,6 %), milieux à végétation arbustive et/ou herbacée (12,5 %), zones agricoles hétérogènes (6,3 %).

L'IGN met par ailleurs à disposition un outil en ligne permettant de comparer l'évolution dans le temps de l'occupation des sols de la commune (ou de territoires à des échelles différentes). Plusieurs époques sont accessibles sous forme de cartes ou photos aériennes : la carte de Cassini (), la carte d'état-major (1820-1866) et la période actuelle (1950 à aujourd'hui).

Risques majeurs
Le territoire de la commune de Féniers est vulnérable à différents aléas naturels : météorologiques (tempête, orage, neige, grand froid, canicule ou sécheresse) et séisme (sismicité très faible). Il est également exposé à un risque particulier : le risque de radon. Un site publié par le BRGM permet d'évaluer simplement et rapidement les risques d'un bien localisé soit par son adresse soit par le numéro de sa parcelle.

Risques naturels

Le retrait-gonflement des sols argileux est susceptible d'engendrer des dommages importants aux bâtiments en cas d'alternance de périodes de sécheresse et de pluie. 36,7 % de la superficie communale est en aléa moyen ou fort (33,6 % au niveau départemental et 48,5 % au niveau national). Sur les  dénombrés sur la commune en 2019,   sont en en aléa moyen ou fort, soit 9 %, à comparer aux 25 % au niveau départemental et 54 % au niveau national. Une cartographie de l'exposition du territoire national au retrait gonflement des sols argileux est disponible sur le site du BRGM.

Par ailleurs, afin de mieux appréhender le risque d'affaissement de terrain, l'inventaire national des cavités souterraines permet de localiser celles situées sur la commune.

La commune a été reconnue en état de catastrophe naturelle au titre des dommages causés par les inondations et coulées de boue survenues en 1982 et 1999. Concernant les mouvements de terrains, la commune a été reconnue en état de catastrophe naturelle au titre des dommages causés par des mouvements de terrain en 1999.

Risque particulier
Dans plusieurs parties du territoire national, le radon, accumulé dans certains logements ou autres locaux, peut constituer une source significative d'exposition de la population aux rayonnements ionisants. Certaines communes du département sont concernées par le risque radon à un niveau plus ou moins élevé. Selon la classification de 2018, la commune de Féniers est classée en zone 3, à savoir zone à potentiel radon significatif.

Histoire
La présence du menhir de Pierre Pointe atteste de l'ancienneté de l'occupation humaine.

Depuis l'antiquité cette commune était essentiellement constituée de petits paysans. Mais après l'implantation du camp militaire annexe de La Courtine en 1902, les bars-hôtel se sont beaucoup développés à Féniers. Les militaires venaient étancher leur soif. Depuis le quasi abandon du camp et l'exode des jeunes vers les villes, le village connait un déclin. En effet, Féniers se vide peu à peu de ses habitants sans qu'ils ne soient remplacés.

Les Templiers et les Hospitaliers

Le lieu-dit de Crabanat est une ancienne possession templière mentionnée au cours du procès de l'ordre du Temple. , ancienne commanderie Saint-Barthélémy, Saint-Blaise des Hospitaliers de l'ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem, classée à l'inventaire général du patrimoine culturel et dont la construction date d'avant 1430. Contrairement aux autres villages de la commune, Crabanat faisait partie du Bas Limousin et non de La Marche. Crabanat appartenait aux Templiers avant la dévolution des biens de l'ordre du Temple.

Féniers fut au Moyen Âge une commanderie des Hospitaliers de l'ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem du grand prieuré d'Auvergne et cette commanderie de Féniers comptait parmi ses membres et annexes l'ancien village de Crabanat. La commanderie des Hospitaliers de l'ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem date du , formée d'un grand corps de logis carré qui était en ruine en 1616 et a été remplacé par une ferme en partie incendiée en 1870. L'église paroissiale Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Saint-Clair de Féniers qui pourrait dater du  appartenait à la commanderie des Hospitaliers de Féniers et a été très remaniée au  à la suite d'un incendie. Elle comporte un clocher-mur au fronton triangulaire, remarquable par la puissance des deux contreforts qui le soutiennent.
L'église encore présente aujourd'hui était chef-lieu de paroisse sous l'autorité du commandeur de Féniers au même titre que la chapelle disparue de Crabanat. Cette église fut saccagée par les soldats protestants de la garnison de Peyrat au début du .

Une légende dit qu'autrefois un tunnel reliait les deux villages qui avait pour but de faciliter les échanges (commerciaux et diplomatiques) des 2 commanderies tout en étant protégés des nombreux brigands de l'époque. Ce tunnel est aujourd'hui introuvable. Le hameau de Comps à l'ouest qui fait aujourd'hui partie de la commune de Peyrelevade était également un des membres de la commanderie de Féniers.

Les autres membres connus avant la disparition de la commanderie étaient le hameau de Boucheresse, commune de Clairavaux, le lieu-dit La Font Galand, commune de La Courtine et Le Mas-d'Artige, tous ces membres ayant le statut de paroisse à cette époque.

Politique et administration

Démographie

Économie locale
Cette économie est surtout basée sur l'élevage bovin et ovin.

L'industrie forestière est importante.

Le tourisme d'été a aussi un effet sur la commune car il existe plusieurs maisons de gites.

Lieux et monuments

Patrimoine civil
Le menhir dit de Pierre Pointe est un menhir christianisé avec de petites croix gravées sur trois faces et sur le sommet.

Treize moulins ont été recensés, un construit avant 1773, et les douze autres entre 1773 et 1833.

Patrimoine religieux

 Une chapelle attenante à une maison de maître à Crabanat.
 Quatre croix monumentales datant du .
 Église Saint-Clair de Féniers. Elle est inscrite à l'Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel.

Patrimoine environnemental
 Étang de Féniers.
 Camps et radars militaires de Féniers.
 Source de la Creuse
La mention de la source de la Creuse sur le cadastre de 1834 ne saurait être considérée comme un élément géographique sérieux dès lors que le Cadastre n'a de valeur qu'en ce qui concerne l'assiette de l'impôt foncier. Il est d'ailleurs de jurisprudence constante qu'en matière même de propriété le plan cadastral ne constitue éventuellement qu'un simple commencement de preuve. Ainsi cette mention " source de la Creuse" doit être considérée comme purement anecdotique et ne devrait pas figurer comme un patrimoine environnemental dès lors que cela est contraire à toutes les décisions administratives et notamment préfectorales concernant la conservation et la protection des milieux naturels qui désigne formellement le ruisseau prenant sa source sur Féniers sous le nom de Gioune. On pourrait certainement d'ailleurs retrouver ce nom de Gioune sur des documents bien antérieurs à 1834 comme la carte de Cassini qui est un document majeur en matière de toponymie. Sur cette carte (AUBUSSON n°13 feuille 66 levers de 1760 et 1761 publiée en 1763) le nom de CREUSE est clairement inscrit sur le cours d'eau situé en amont de la confluence avec celui qui provient sur sa rive gauche des communes de Gioux et Féniers.

La Fête annuelle
Elle a lieu tous les ans vers la fin août et rassemble les habitants de la commune mais aussi les touristes.
C'est à cette occasion que se déroule le championnat national de lancer de passoires. Elle est clôturée par un bal et un feu d'artifice.

Lieu-dit de Crabanat

Une croix monumentale en granit, datant du  est inscrite à l'inventaire supplémentaire de même qu'une maison de maître du .

Personnalités liées à la commune

Mythes et Légendes de la commune

Outre Crabanat, Villemonteix et Villevaleix, on trouve bien un quatrième village qui figure sur les cartes de Cassini: Crabanac, Grabanac, Ville monteix et Ville Valeix

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Liste des communes de la Creuse
 Communauté de communes Haute-Corrèze Communauté

Liens externes

 Féniers sur le site de l'Institut géographique national

Notes et références

Notes et cartes
 Notes

 Cartes

Références

Commune dans la Creuse
Commune dans l'arrondissement d'Aubusson
Commune dans la communauté de communes Haute-Corrèze Communauté
Commune abritant une commanderie de l'ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem en France
Alleux, fiefs et seigneuries de l'ordre du Temple


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Ejections don't cost No. 4 John Carroll boys basketball in 84-62 win at No. 7 Boys' Latin
By Mike Frainie
The John Carroll boys basketball team prides itself on its defense and resiliency. It needed both Friday night at No. 7 Boys' Latin.
The fourth-ranked Patriots (9-2, 5-2 Maryland Interscholastic Athletic Association A Conference) survived a few early runs from the host Lakers (7-2, 2-2), and the ejection of one of their best players and their coach, to earn a tough 84-62 win.
Kentucky-bound senior Immanuel Quickley led John Carroll with 29 points. Jaylin Andrews led the Lakers with 19 points.
"We stuck together on offense and made some key stops in the first half," said Patriots coach John Zito, who was ejected from the game with 3:47 remaining. "We used our defense to set up our offense. After we strung together a few stops, we did well."
The Lakers kept the game close for much of the first half. After Cameron Watts' free throw cut the Patriots' lead to 22-20, it looked as if Boys' Latin were primed for a run.
Then the Patriots showed why they're one of the best teams in the area. John Carroll went on a 9-1 run over the next 1:34 to take a 31-21 lead, forcing Lakers coach Cliff Rees to call timeout with 4:32 left in the half.
With 2:45 left in the half, Patriots senior Montez Mathis drew contact. When no foul was called, the Rutgers signee voiced his displeasure to an official, who assessed him a technical foul.
The Lakers managed to cut the lead to 35-30 after the altercation, and entered halftime trailing 39-32.
The Patriots came out of intermission with more defensive intensity, scoring the first seven points to take a 46-32 lead just 1:07 into the half. After scoring on a layup with 6:53 left in the quarter, Mathis celebrated. That led to his second technical foul and an automatic ejection.
The Lakers got two free throws from Cameron Spencer and a jumper from Chris Bates to cut the lead to 10 at 46-36 with 6:11 left in the third quarter, but the Patriots' Quickley and Gultekin each scored seven points in a 21-6 run to end the quarter that blew the game wide open.
After a defensive lapse with 3:47 left in the game, Zito called a timeout. As the teams were going to the bench, someone from John Carroll used an obscenity. Under MIAA rules, Zito also was ejected from the game. When asked about the officiating after the game, Zito gave an emphatic "No comment."
The dynamic Quickley, who played the entire game, said the Patriots are still very much a work in progress.
"We've had some great games and we've played well, but we are nowhere near where we will need to be in March," he said. "We're coming along slowly, but we're not there yet."
Varsity Highlights Newsletter
Get the latest high school sports stories, photos and video from around the region.
As for Boys' Latin, the loss was disappointing.
"Turnovers killed us," Rees said. "They have a phenomenal team, but you can't turn the ball over 19 times against them and expect to win. We played hard, but they killed us on the offensive glass."
[More from sports] As Orioles begin prep for another top draft pick, success of recent selections offer proof of philosophy »
John Carroll 84, Boys' Latin 62
JOHN CARROLL — Craig 9, Quickley 29, Haughton 8, Gultekin 24, Mathis 10, Ismail 4. Totals: 30 15-22 84.
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BOYS' LATIN — Lee 1, Lewis 11, Watts 9, Hardway 8, Grace 6, Andrews 19, Bates 6, Spencer 2. Totals: 20 16-29 62. Halftime: JC 39-32.
The Aegis Sports


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text:
University > Research portal > Research publications > From subduction to collision in the northern Tibetan plateau
From subduction to collision in the northern Tibetan plateau: evidence from the early Silurian clastic rocks, northwestern China
https://doi.org/10.1086/662717
Jianghai Yang, Yuansheng Du, Peter A. Cawood, Yajun Xu
The Qilian Orogen records early Paleozoic collisional suturing of the Qaidam Block and the Central Qilian Block to the North China Craton. The composition and U-Pb age of detrital zircons and the composition of Cr-spinels from the Early Silurian Lujiaogou and Angzanggou formations in the northern part of orogen indicate derivation from evolving oceanic and continental source terranes. Heavy-mineral chemistry indicates the incorporation of suprasubduction zone-type ophiolitic detritus in addition to continent-derived material. Integrating these chemical and age data with regional data on the duration of subduction-related magmatic activity, syn- and postcollisional granitic rocks, and high-pressure metamorphic rocks constrains the transformation from oceanic subduction to continental collision to 450-440 Ma. The collision resulted in a flood of detritus into the northern part of the orogen from the Central Qilian Block, which masked input from the intervening magmatic arc, implying rapid exposure of the block.
The Journal of Geology
Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Early Cretaceous andesitic–dacitic rocks, western Qinling (Central China): geochronological and geochemical constraints
Zhang, F., Cawood, P. A., Dong, Y. & Wang, Y., Jul 2019, In : Geoscience Frontiers. 10, 4, p. 1507-1520 15 p.
Jiangnan Orogen, South China: a ~970–820 Ma Rodinia margin accretionary belt
Yao, J., Cawood, P. A., Shu, L. & Zhao, G., 3 Jun 2019, In : Earth Science Reviews. In press
Convergent continental margin volcanic source for ash beds at the Permian-Triassic boundary, South China: constraints from trace elements and Hf-isotopes
Wang, X., Cawood, P. A., Zhao, L., Chen, Z-Q., Lyu, Z. & Ma, B., 1 Apr 2019, In : Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 519, p. 154-165
Early Paleoproterozoic magmatism in the Yangtze Block: evidence from zircon U-Pb ages, Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes and geochemistry of ca. 2.3 Ga and 2.1 Ga granitic rocks in the Phan Si Pan Complex, north Vietnam
Zhao, T., Cawood, P. A., Zi, J-W., Wang, K., Feng, Q., Nguyen, Q. M. & Tran, D. M., 25 Jan 2019, In : Precambrian Research. In press
Implications of 770 Ma Rhyolitic Tuffs, eastern South China Craton in constraining the tectonic setting of the Nanhua Basin
Qi, L., Xu, Y., Cawood, P. A., Wang, W. & Du, Y., Jan 2019, In : Lithos. 324-325, p. 842-858
An early Neoproterozoic accretionary prism ophiolitic mélange from the western Jiangnan orogenic belt, South China
Yao, J., Cawood, P. A., Shu, L., Santosh, M. & Li, J., Sep 2016, In : The Journal of Geology. 124, 5, p. 587-601 15 p.
The role of calcining and basal fluidization in the long runout of carbonate slides: An example from the Heart Mountain slide block, Wyoming and Montana, USA
Anders, M., Fouke, B., Zerkle, A. L., Tavarnelli, E., Alvarez, W. & Harlow, G., 2010, In : The Journal of Geology. 118, p. 577-599
Wave-emplaced coarse debris and megaclasts in Ireland and Scotland: Boulder transport in a high-energy littoral environment: A discussion
Hall, A. M., Hansom, J. & Williams, D. M., Nov 2010, In : The Journal of Geology. 118, 6, p. 699-704 6 p.
The Irrawaddy River sediment flux to the Indian Ocean: the original nineteenth-century data revisited
Robinson, R. A. J., Bird, M. I., Win Oo, N., Hoey, T. B., Maung Aye, M., Higgitt, D. L., Lu, X. X., Sandar Aye, K., Swe, A., Tun, T. & Lhaing Win, S., Nov 2007, In : The Journal of Geology. 115, 6, p. 629-640 12 p.


text:
Q: Bootstrap flip animation height 2px I am trying to make a flip card on my site but everytime I make the elements they default to a height of 2 or 1 px. I believe it has something to do with making the position of a couple of the elements absolute, but that is the only way I've seen to do this without messing up the layout of my page. I'm using Bootstrap CSS and some custom CSS and JS Here is my code:
HTML:

                        <form action="form-to-email.php" method="post" name="mail-form" class="mail-form">
                            Name:

                            <input type="text" name="name" placeholder="John Doe" required width="25">

                            Email Address:

                            <input type="text" name="email" placeholder="yourname@domain.com" required width="50">
                            Please type your message:

                            <textarea name="message" id="message" cols="30" rows="4">Please sign me up for the Paw Prints Newsletter.</textarea>

                            <input type="button" value="Submit">
                        </form>

The CSS:
/* form animation */

.scene {
    width: 33.3333333%;
    height: 300px;
    perspective: 1000px;
}

.card {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    position: relative;
    transition: transform 1s;
    transform-style: preserve-3d;
}

.face {
    position: absolute;
    height: 100%;
    width: 100%;
    backface-visibility: hidden;
}

.front {
    background: #98b98a;
}

.back {
    background: #4c87a9;
    transform: rotateY(180deg);
}

.card.is-flipped {
    transform: rotateY(180deg);
}

/* End animation */

Any help would be appreciated. Perhaps there is a workaround? It displays correctly and the animation works in a way if I remove "position: absolute" but that section is introduced into the flow of the page and the layout doesn't work the way I want it to.

A: I set a hover on your card and it appears to work.
.card:hover {
    transform: rotateY(180deg);
}

A: The solution ended up being to apply !important to the height property and it was recognized before whatever bootstrap property was forcing the absolute elements to be only 2px in height.

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