text:
Laws of Men: In Saudi Arabia, women are still assigned male 'guardians'
December 09, 2014 · 1:15 PM UTC
By Caryle Murphy
Women in Saudi Arabia face a host of constraints, including being legally controlled their entire lives by a male guardian.
Credit: Hassan Ammar
Editor's note: This story is part of a Special Report produced by The GroundTruth Project called "Laws of Men: Legal systems that fail women." It is produced with support from the Ford Foundation.
JEDDAH, Saudi Arabia — Sara's husband walked out 15 years ago, but never bothered to officially divorce her. He never sent money, although Sara cares for their daughter and her disabled mother-in-law.
The Saudi government's social welfare department would not assist her financially, because she was still legally married and therefore remained her husband's legal responsibility.
"I feel neglected, like an old shoe," said Sara, who resides in a slum area of Jeddah and makes a meager living by reselling air conditioning units she purchases on installments. "No one cares about me. They are not serious about my issue. I'm not important."
Sara's predicament is all too familiar to Saudi women who live under their country's guardianship system, which requires all females to be legally controlled their entire lives by a male guardian. Because its implementation depends on a guardian's personality, this system creates conditions for widespread abuse. And women victimized by male guardians usually find little relief or protection from courts in a country with a legal system dominated by religiously conservative male judges.
Sara, who is from Saudi Arabia's Bedouin community and says she is between 58 and 60 years old, finally decided to divorce her husband in 2009. Unlike men, who get divorce papers from the courts within days of requesting them, women face many obstacles, including foot-dragging by judges who don't like independent-minded women.
In a phone interview, Sara, who asked that her full name not be used, said it took four years to get her divorce because judges kept demanding that her guardian — the husband who had abandoned her — appear in court. She said her husband never showed up and the court never sent out marshals to look for him.
Guardians and courts
The guardian system rests on the cultural presumption that females are inferior and cannot make important decisions on their own. "Perpetual Minors," a 2008 report by New York-based Human Rights Watch, documents how guardianship deprives women of personal independence throughout their lives. Saudi women, it said, must have a male guardian's consent to attend university, get married, travel abroad, hold certain jobs and even to have some types of surgery.
A woman's first guardian is her father, and when she marries, her husband. If widowed or divorced, a male relative must step in. Sometimes the duty even falls to her own son, which many young females find insulting.
"A 13-year-old boy as the guardian of an old woman? Really, it's very humiliating," said a twenty-something college student in Jeddah.
In practice, if a woman's guardian is a reasonable, loving person, she has few problems. He will give his permission easily to let her do what she wants. But if a woman has a domineering or physically abusive guardian, her life can be hellish.
"That's the problem, it all depends on luck," said Rasha Al Duwaisi, a supporter of women's rights in Riyadh.
There are abuses aplenty, according to Saudi media reports, interviews with human rights activists, journalists and women who've suffered from inhumane guardians.
Some fathers refuse to let their daughters marry because they want to continue taking their paychecks or because the suitors are not from the same tribe as their family. Others refuse to let their daughters go to university. Some husbands won't allow their wives and daughters to take rewarding jobs because they might have contact with men in the course of their work. Fathers have married off daughters as young as 10 to older men in order to settle a debt. Women have reported being beaten or locked in their rooms for weeks by fathers, husbands or brothers as punishment for complaining about not being able to marry, work or get a higher education.
Such behavior rarely gets punished because the guardian system is underpinned by a legal system that is a bastion of male ultraconservativism. Saudi judges have wide discretion to rule according to their personal interpretations of Sharia, or Islamic law, because Saudi Arabia has no written legal code. And as guardians of female relatives themselves, the judges usually display the same cultural belief in female inferiority as most Saudi men.
"Because there are no laws supporting women, the culture and customs overcome everything and when things go to court it's in the hands of the judge, who also is biased against women," said Al Duwaisi.
There are no female judges in the kingdom and until last year, female lawyers were denied licenses to practice, so they could not appear in court.
Most judges require women to wear full-face veils in court, and according to "Perpetual Minors," do not accept women's testimony in criminal cases. Some judges refuse to let women speak in their courtrooms because they say a feminine voice is a temptation to sin.
Until last year — when the government ordered judges to recognize a woman's national identity card — a woman was required to bring along a male relative to confirm her identity in court. In some cases of domestic abuse, judges demand that a woman appear with her guardian, even though he may be the abuser. And some young women who have gone to court to get permission to marry after their fathers refused to allow it have wound up in jail on a charge of "disobedience."
Trying to convince a judge that a guardian is abusive "is a very lengthy and culturally difficult situation for a woman," said Maram Al Hargani, who was among the first female lawyers granted licenses last year. A woman must show specifically how she was harmed, and even then judges do not usually revoke guardianship unless the man is doing something wrong according to religious laws, such as drinking alcohol, Al Hargani added.
The system makes many women feel less than human.
"I am like a horse," said a 35-year-old woman whose father and brothers had refused to let her marry. "They don't treat me as a human being. They treat me as if I belong to them and they should decide what to do with this 'thing.'"
Custom, not Islam
The guardian system as it is practiced in Saudi Arabia is not ordained or mandated by Islamic law. Rather, Saudi women are kept under the thumb of men by a skein of Saudi tribal traditions and customs that have been given an Islamic gloss.
This is "absolutely not" how Islam meant women to be treated, Sara said. "This is not Islam. It's different from the real concept of Islam."
But many Saudi women think otherwise and are content with the guardian system.
"This comes under the term brainwashed," said Al Duwaisi. "Whether it's education, religion, the culture, the family...they are brainwashed into believing that they are inferior, they are less and they do need a male."
Islamic law for example, states that a woman can marry whomever she wants, provided he is a moral and devout Muslim. "[F]orcing a woman to marry someone she does not want and preventing her from wedding that whom she chooses … is not permissible" under Islamic law, the kingdom's Grand Mufti, Sheikh Abdul Aziz al Asheikh, reminded Saudi men in 2005.
Sharia also stipulates that a woman's salary is her own money and should not be taken by anyone, even her husband.
"If you want to implement the true guardianship that Islam actually has instructed," said Sofana Dahlan, "women should not spend a penny from her money because her guardian is supposed to be taking care of her from A to Z. But that's not happening."
Dahlan is a lawyer with a master's degree in Islamic law from a program jointly run by Cairo University and the renowned Al Azhar University. She lives in Jeddah, where a successful career and supportive family have given her a life that is a world away from that of Sara's. Yet she too is subject to restraints imposed by the guardian system. When she returned from Cairo with her law degrees, they were not recognized by the state because she did not have a male chaperone with her in Egypt during her studies, she said in a recent interview.
Dahlan, 37, felt the burden of the guardian system most keenly after giving birth to her second daughter in 2010. She was in the hospital holding the infant in her arms when her eldest daughter wanted to know what her new sister would be when she grew up. It was one of those moments, Dahlan recalled, "when all your life goes through your head. And I started thinking, what is she going to do?"
As a Saudi woman, she knew her daughters would have to have male guardians and that there would be limitations on whatever career paths they chose.
"For a minute I was choking," Dahlan said. "And on top of all that, my daughters are going to grow up seeing a suppressed wife. And I just decided, you know, that this is not gonna happen."
Then and there, Dahlan decided to become a different role model for her daughters as a "successful social entrepreneur and independent, hands-on single mother." She now heads two companies, one of which, Tashkeil, incubates creative entrepreneurs. And 13 years after first applying for it, she got her license to practice law in 2013.
Because she is divorced, her father is again her guardian. Fortunately for Dahlan, he has always been open-minded and supportive of his daughter's decisions.
Still, she said, "I find it ridiculous that despite being 37 years old and an independent businesswoman, every time I travel I have to get official permission from my father."
Mothers without legal custody
Al Duwaisi, who is divorced and works in a private company, has also been lucky to have reasonable male guardians.
"When I separated from my husband, I had to go back to my family's place, which is the custom," said Al Duwaisi. Later, she broached the idea of moving into her own apartment. Her father initially refused but eventually approved.
"It's very unusual for a woman to live on her own. There's no laws against it. But if my dad decided he wanted me home, he could go to court and force me back to his house," Al Duwaisi said. "That's how things are in Saudi. It's the culture and somehow the police will enforce it."
Because Al Duwaisi and her ex-husband had an amicable parting of ways, she did not face the traumas many Saudi women do over custody of their children.
According to "Perpetual Minors," under the Saudi interpretation of Sharia, in divorce "the law automatically transfers legal and physical custody to fathers when boys are nine and girls are seven." When a woman does succeed in getting physical custody of her child, the father always retains legal custody, the report said. He also has the right to make "virtually every decision" for the child.
Judges, however, can overrule these Sharia recommendations, Al Duwaisi noted. "For example, if the mother is not wearing right kind of abaya [robe], he will consider her a bad influence and give [physical] custody to the father," she said. Judges' cultural and religious bias towards men means fathers almost always get custody, she added.
Similarly, it's very hard for a woman to get a divorce if her husband opposes it.
"If I were the one who asked for the divorce and he didn't want it, I would have to pay the dowry back and then get the divorce. And that usually takes a lot of time in court," said Al Duwaisi. "But if he wanted to divorce me, despite what I think of it, then he just goes directly [to court] and just finishes it in the same day."
In her case, she said, she was never officially notified by the court of her divorce.
"The funny thing is I didn't go to court to get the divorce papers. I wasn't even there. My dad went and that's it. There's no way the court would know if I knew that I was getting divorced."
Small improvements, but an enduring system
King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz, who came to power in 2005, has addressed some of the inequities women face in the legal system. Allowing female lawyers into the courts and ordering judges to accept national ID cards as proof of women's identities were among his reforms. He has also authorized programs to educate judges in modern legal procedures.
In addition, there has been an influx of younger judges who tend to be a bit more fair to women, said attorney Al Hargani.
The Saudi Supreme Judicial Council ruled recently that divorced women awarded physical custody of their children can obtain documents and conduct government business for their children, such as enrolling them in school — something they previously could not do. They still, however, cannot take their children outside the kingdom without the permission of the father, who technically remains the children's legal guardian. And women who cannot afford to hire lawyers still lack a place to get low-cost or free legal advice.
Most significantly, the guardian system is unlikely to be scrapped anytime soon because it is so ingrained in the Saudi mentality. "At the end of the day, I feel our problem here is about the culture," said Dahlan. "Even if we change laws and regulations, but without changing the mindsets of people, women will continue to be mistreated."
Since her divorce, Sara has been able to collect 850 rials — US$227 — per month in social welfare payments. She tried to register her daughter to also could receive assistance, but officials refused to accept her because her father is receiving a state pension.
Sara is thinking of going to court again to cancel his guardianship of their daughter so she can be eligible for a state allowance, though she realizes it won't be an easy or speedy process.
"But I will do it," she said. "I have no choice."
Caryle Murphy's recent trip to Saudi Arabia was supported by a grant from the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting. She is the author of A Kingdom's Future: Saudi Arabia Through the Eyes of Its Twentysomethings.
This story is presented by The GroundTruth Project.
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H.264 is a very cool compression standard indeed, and intimately familiar to most Mac users as Apple's own codec of choice for iTunes, Quicktime and the iPod. It's also the codec driving YouTube and Vimeo, and the one used for streaming HTML5 video by both Google Chrome and Apple Safari.
The only problem? H.264 is neither free nor open-source. If you're Apple and you want to use H.264 to serve HTML5 video in your browser, you need to pay MPEG LA, the owners of the codec, a $5 million licensing free. This has raised some eyebrows by the likes of Mozilla Firefox, who want HTML5's video compression standard to be the free, open-source Ogg Theora. Their argument, summarized, is it's foolish to build the next decade's internet video standards upon the back of a licensed codec when there's a free alternative that works nearly as well.
Today, MPEG LA confused the debate a bit by announcing that H.264 will stay royalty-free for free Internet Video until 2016…. but while it probably ends the Internet Video codec battle, it's not a development that ends the debate.
As I understand it, here's what MPEG LA's extension means: if you are building a browser that support HTML5 video using the H.264 codec, you still need to pay the licensing fee… but sites serving H.264 internet video don't have to pay anything for the next six years. If you charge for your video, you need to pay; if you want to support H.264 HTML5 video in your browser, you have to pay.
In other words, the next five or six years offers H.264 more time to become an entrenched Internet video standard. At the end of that six years, though, MPEG LA can start collecting their licensing fees from video sites who are serving up all their video using HTML5 and H.264.
Now, MPEG LA might extend their licensing-fee waiver indefinitely… but there's the chance they won't. That uncertainty principle should at least raise an eyebrow. If H.264 becomes the Internet video standard by 2016, this five year amnesty might be a very lucrative gamble on the part of MPEG LA: they will be able to draw upon a much larger and more entrenched Internet video user base.
In the end, though, the concerns are probably moot: H.264 is already Internet video's entrenched standard, and while Mozilla's got some very real and eloquently stated objections to H.264, I think it's already too late. Mozilla's fighting not a losing battle, but a battle already lost.


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Q: Login using google with CodeIgniter I am building an admin panel with codeIgniter and I want Google sign in to be used for logging into it. I have tried the technique showed in Codexworld.com but after redirecting its is showing page not found, even though the controller and functions are all there. Really need a help have been stuck up with this from a long time now.
I don't understand where the code is going wrong.
My Controller

public function authGoogle()
        {
            $this->load->helper('url');
             $this->load->library('google');

        //google login url
        $data['loginURL'] = $this->google->loginURL();

        //load google login view
        $this->load->view('login',$data);
    }

    public function profile(){
        //redirect to login page if user not logged in
        if(!$this->session->userdata('loggedIn')){
//            redirect('/user_authentication/');
        }

        //get user info from session
//        $data['userData'] = $this->session->userdata('userData');

        //load user profile view
//        $this->load->view('user_authentication/profile',$data);
    }

    public function auth_user()
    {
//        echo "This is working";

        $this->load->helper('url');

        if($this->session->userdata('loggedIn') == true)
        {
            echo 'this is working';
        }

        if(isset($_GET['code']))
        {

            $this->load->library('google');
            //authenticate user
            $this->google->getAuthenticate();

            //get user info from google
            $gpInfo = $this->google->getUserInfo();

            //preparing data for database insertion
            $userData['oauth_provider'] = 'google';
            $userData['oauth_uid']      = $gpInfo['id'];
            $userData['first_name']     = $gpInfo['given_name'];
            $userData['last_name']      = $gpInfo['family_name'];
            $userData['email']          = $gpInfo['email'];
            $userData['gender']         = !empty($gpInfo['gender'])?$gpInfo['gender']:'';
            $userData['locale']         = !empty($gpInfo['locale'])?$gpInfo['locale']:'';
            $userData['profile_url']    = !empty($gpInfo['link'])?$gpInfo['link']:'';
            $userData['picture_url']    = !empty($gpInfo['picture'])?$gpInfo['picture']:'';

            //insert or update user data to the database
            $this->load->model('Usermodel');
            $userID = $this->Usermodel->checkUser($userData);

            //store status & user info in session
            $this->session->set_userdata('loggedIn', true);
            $this->session->set_userdata('userData', $userData);

            //redirect to profile page
            echo "This is working";
        }
    }

    public function logout(){
        $this->load->helper('url');
        //delete login status & user info from session
        $this->session->unset_userdata('loggedIn');
        $this->session->unset_userdata('userData');
        $this->session->sess_destroy();

        //redirect to login page
//        redirect('/Welcome/authGoogle');
    }

My Modal

public function checkUser($data = array()){

        $this->tableName = 'users';
        $this->primaryKey = 'id';

        $this->db->select($this->primaryKey);
        $this->db->from($this->tableName);
        $this->db->where(array('oauth_provider'=>$data['oauth_provider'],'oauth_uid'=>$data['oauth_uid']));
        $query = $this->db->get();
        $check = $query->num_rows();

        if($check > 0){
            $result = $query->row_array();
            $data['modified'] = date("Y-m-d H:i:s");
            $update = $this->db->update($this->tableName,$data,array('id'=>$result['id']));
            $userID = $result['id'];
        }else{
            $data['created'] = date("Y-m-d H:i:s");
            $data['modified']= date("Y-m-d H:i:s");
            $insert = $this->db->insert($this->tableName,$data);
            $userID = $this->db->insert_id();
        }

        return $userID?$userID:false;
    }

My Google configuration

<?php defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
/*
| -------------------------------------------------------------------
|  Google API Configuration
| -------------------------------------------------------------------
|  client_id         string   Your Google API Client ID.
|  client_secret     string   Your Google API Client secret.
|  redirect_uri      string   URL to redirect back to after login.
|  application_name  string   Your Google application name.
|  api_key           string   Developer key.
|  scopes            string   Specify scopes
*/
$config['google']['client_id']        = 'XXXX';
$config['google']['client_secret']    = 'XXX';
$config['google']['redirect_uri']     = 'XXX';
$config['google']['application_name'] = 'XXX';
$config['google']['api_key']          = '';
$config['google']['scopes']           = array();
?>

My google oauth library

<?php defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');

class Google{

    public function __construct(){

        $CI =& get_instance();
        $CI->config->load('google');

        require_once APPPATH .'libraries/gplus/vendor/google/apiclient/src/Google/autoload.php';
        require APPPATH .'libraries/gplus/vendor/google/apiclient/src/Google/Client.php';
        require APPPATH .'libraries/gplus/vendor/google/apiclient/src/Google/Service/Oauth2.php';

        $this->client = new Google_Client();
        $this->client->setApplicationName($CI->config->item('application_name', 'google'));
        $this->client->setClientId($CI->config->item('client_id', 'google'));
        $this->client->setClientSecret($CI->config->item('client_secret', 'google'));
        $this->client->setRedirectUri($CI->config->item('redirect_uri', 'google'));
        $this->client->setDeveloperKey($CI->config->item('api_key', 'google'));
        $this->client->setScopes($CI->config->item('scopes', 'google'));
        $this->client->setAccessType('online');
        $this->client->setApprovalPrompt('auto');
        $this->client->setScopes('email');
        $this->oauth2 = new Google_Service_Oauth2($this->client);
    }

    public function loginURL() {
        return $this->client->createAuthUrl();
    }

    public function getAuthenticate() {
        return $this->client->authenticate();
    }

    public function getAccessToken() {
        return $this->client->getAccessToken();
    }

    public function setAccessToken() {
        return $this->client->setAccessToken();
    }

    public function revokeToken() {
        return $this->client->revokeToken();
    }

    public function getUserInfo() {
        return $this->oauth2->userinfo->get();
    }

}
?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This listing is for a crochet pattern so you can make your own Twisted Slouch Hat.
Use aran weight, or two strands of DK weight yarn. There are details on how to make 3 different sizes, and the US and UK stitch versions are included.
This hat can be made to fit long hair or dreads, and I've also included instructions to add a peak if desired.


text:
Peter Perrett - Humanworld - CD -
Given his notoriously ruinous lifestyle, Peter Perrett's 2017 solo debut, How the West Was Won, was a remarkably coherent record. Almost four decades after the Only Ones' acrimonious dissolution, finally clean after years of heroin and crack addiction, and backed by his sons Jamie (guitar) and Peter Jr (bass), Perrett showed he still had a way with a drawled melody, even if his ruminations on Kim Kardashian's bottom seemed a little unnecessary.
The follow-up is even better, delivered with a greater confidence and urgency, and featuring a handful of songs that almost match up to his late-70s output. The title of the thrillingly direct War Plan Red might be a reference to a 1930 US military plan to attack British interests in the North Atlantic, but when Perrett sings, "The stars and stripes and swastikas filled Madison Square Garden", it seems more like a snapshot from a dystopian near-future. The mid-paced Master of Destruction, written by his son Jamie and containing the album's most potent chorus, is stronger still. He's equally adept on the slower material: Heavenly Day showcases his more romantic side, while Believe in Nothing is heroically nihilistic ("Blackest hole is drawing us in/Bleakest future there's ever been").

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Disney Looking to Buy Most Of 21st Century Fox!
It was reported today that 21st Century Fox and the Walt Disney Company have seriously discussed Disney's acquisition of Fox's film and television production and distribution business as well as its international business. The acquisition of one entertainment conglomerate by another likely would draw significant scrutiny from government regulators, including the Federal Communications Commission, Justice Department, and Capitol Hill as well as consumer groups already concerned about the consolidation of media in the hands of a few.
Antitrust Laws in the United States are a collection of federal and state government laws that regulate the conduct and organization of businesses to promote fair competition for the benefit of consumers. The main Federal statutes are the Sherman Act of 1890, the Clayton Act of 1914 and the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 and many states have their own antitrust laws such as California's Cartwright Act and New York's Donnelly Act. In regard to mergers and acquisitions, the goal of antitrust laws is to prevent acquisitions and mergers that would limit the general public's ability to make choices and receive products and services at a fair price
In regards to Disney's acquisitions of Fox, a major issue of concern would be Disney's power in the creative community in regard to production companies, producers, directors, and writers looking to make television shows and movies. The majority of TV shows and movies are produced by just a handful of companies--Time Warner, 21st Century Fox, Walt Disney Co., Comcast's NBCUniversal and Sony Corp. A merger of two of the biggest producers would eliminate a buyer and give the acquiring entity far more leverage in determining what is produced as well as the deals given to production companies, producers, directors, and writers. Disney is already extremely powerful in the entertainment industry and this deal would only make it more powerful and give it the ability to have a tremendous effect on competition in the entertainment industry and the content consumers will consume in the future.
Based on what has been reported about the proposed deal, it appears that Disney is concerned about government regulators. After all, it has been reported that Disney would purposefully not acquire Fox's sports entities since Disney already owns ESPN and the combination would certainly limit the number of companies that are producing sports-related content. It has also been reported that Disney would not acquire the Fox broadcast network because once company cannot own two broadcast networks. Similarly, the deal reportedly does not involve Fox News or Fox Business Channel or Fox's local broadcasting affiliates. So, antitrust issues are already being considered by the companies and efforts are being made to structure the deal at an early stage to avoid such regulatory hurdles. Given the current Administration's anti-regulatory positions, it is likely that such an acquisition would be allowed.
If it does come to fruition, this would be a great deal for Disney, who would add 21st Century Fox's huge library of movies and whatever else is currently in production to Disney's vast library, which contains extremely popular movies of its own. Further, acquisition of Fox's movie studio assets would give Disney control of the intellectual property of some of the top performing animated films outside of Disney including: Ice Age, Rio, Robots, The Simpsons, and Anastasia. This content expansion is significant given that Disney is expected to roll out its yet unnamed digital streaming platform for movies and TV in 2019. Moreover, this deal could also bring back home the Marvel properties that Fox secured prior to Disney's acquisition of the super hero comic book company (mainly the X-men and the Fantastic Four). Added to all of this is Fox's other assets include movie studios like 20th Century Fox, Fox Searchlight Pictures, Blue Sky Studios, and 20th Century Fox Animation, plus entertainment networks like FX, FXM, and National Geographic and international assets such as Star and Sky, which would make Disney even more of a worldwide force.
This move, combined with the roll out of its digital streaming platform, places Disney on the forefront of the entertainment industry and in the best position of any of the other studios to capitalize on the changing face of the entertainment landscape. As Millennials and Generation Z continue to change the way entertainment content is consumed, traditional studios have found themselves facing greater competition from the likes of Netflix, Amazon and YouTube.
Negotiations like this are not uncommon and often amount to nothing when the two (or more) sides can't come to an agreement. But, given Disney's CEO Robert Iger's fearless acquisition strategy over the past several years (Marvel, LucasFilm), don't declare this deal dead at any point.
Bryan M. Sullivan, Partner at Early Sullivan Wright Gizer & McRae, advises and represents his clients as a legal strategist in all their business affairs. He has significant experience on the litigation and appeals side of the practice, as well as with entertainment and intellectual property contracts, investment and financing agreements, and corporate structure documents on the dealmaking side.


text:
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Senate Passes Coronavirus Stimulus Bill with Provisions Providing Greater Access to Bankruptcy Relief For Distressed Consumers and Small Businesses
Alexandria, Va. — The Senate included key provisions in the "Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act" (CARES Act) to provide financially distressed consumers and small businesses greater access to bankruptcy relief. The legislative package, which yesterday passed the Senate 96-0, provides a $2 trillion economic stimulus for U.S. industries and citizens faced with the challenges of the COVID-19 coronavirus. The legislation now goes to the House, where it is anticipated to be approved on Friday and signed shortly after passage by President Trump.
"Consumers and small businesses in dire need of financial relief due to the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic will have greater access to the financial fresh start of bankruptcy thanks to this important legislation," said ABI Executive Director Amy Quackenboss. "ABI commends the Senate's expedited work, and we look forward to swift enactment of this important bipartisan legislation."
Key bankruptcy provisions within Sect. 1113 of the CARES Act include:
Amending the Small Business Reorganization Act of 2019 (SBRA) to increase the eligibility threshold for businesses filing under new subchapter V of chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code from $2,725,625 of debt to $7,500,000. The eligibility threshold will return to $2,725,625 after one year. The increased debt limit for struggling small businesses to access subchapter V reflects recommendations of ABI's Commission to Study the Reform of Chapter 11.
Amending the definition of "income" in the Bankruptcy Code for chapters 7 and 13 to exclude coronavirus-related payments from the federal government from being treated as "income" for purposes of filing bankruptcy.
Clarifying that the calculation of disposable income for purposes of confirming a chapter 13 plan shall not include coronavirus-related payments.
Explicitly permitting individuals and families currently in chapter 13 to seek payment plan modifications if they are experiencing a material financial hardship due to the coronavirus pandemic, including extending their payments for up to seven years after their initial plan payment was due.
The bankruptcy provisions of the CARES Act listed above sunset within a year of the legislation being enacted.
Additionally, Sect. 3513 of the legislative package provides temporary relief for federal student loan borrowers by requiring the Secretary of Education to defer student loan payments, principal, and interest for 6 months, through September 30, 2020, without penalty to the borrower for all federally owned loans. This provides relief for over 95 percent of student loan borrowers.
"ABI members are ready to utilize these tools to help consumers and small businesses struggling with overwhelming debts due to the economic fallout of the pandemic," Quackenboss said.
SBRA became effective on Feb. 19, adding a new section to chapter 11, subchapter V, to provide a better path for small businesses to successfully restructure, reduce liquidations, save jobs and increase recoveries to creditors. Subchapter V of the new law is based on the recommendations contained in the Final Report of ABI's Commission to Study the Reform of Chapter 11, a project that was funded by ABI's Anthony H.N. Schnelling Endowment Fund. The provision of the CARES Act to temporarily increase to the debt limit set forth in SBRA aligns closely with the recommendation of ABI's Chapter 11 Reform Commission to permanently increase the debt eligibility limit to $10 million. For more information and resources on SBRA, please visit www.abi.org/sbra.
Chapter 7 bankruptcy relief, available to consumers and business debtors, involves the sale of a debtor's nonexempt assets by a chapter 7 trustee, who uses the proceeds of the sales to pay creditors in accordance with the rules outlined in the Bankruptcy Code.
Chapter 13 bankruptcy relief, available only to consumer debtors, enables individuals with regular income to develop a plan to repay all or part of their debts. Under this chapter, debtors propose a repayment plan to make installments to creditors over three to five years.
ABI is the largest multi-disciplinary, nonpartisan organization dedicated to research and education on matters related to insolvency. ABI was founded in 1982 to provide Congress and the public with unbiased analysis of bankruptcy issues. The ABI membership includes nearly 11,000 attorneys, accountants, bankers, judges, professors, lenders, turnaround specialists and other bankruptcy professionals, providing a forum for the exchange of ideas and information. For additional information on ABI, visit www.abiworld.org.
Chapter 7 & Chapter 13 Bankruptcy
Copyright © 2021 Law Office of William D. Lohrman, all rights reserved.
123 Washington St. #332, Oswego, IL 60543 (630) 383-2039


One year ago, SBR reported on online sportsbooks and their Know Your Customer (KYC) policies. There were both positive and negative reactions from players and sportsbooks. It is a touchy subject, and regardless of the side of the counter you stand on, those who are up to no good — be it a slow-pay sportsbook or conniving player straddling the lines of what's allowable — might use this information for purposes other than what's intended.
The fact of the matter is online sportsbooks don't always get it right, and players are not always who they say they are. But this is no chicken or egg scenario; fortunately it is one where cooler heads should always prevail.
Whether the online sportsbook you are betting with is licensed in Malta by the local gaming authority or in the UK by the Gambling Commission, verifying accounts is an essential part of the signup process and ultimately protects both the player and house. How efficiently the process unfolds can vary greatly between sportsbooks, and this is where players submitting their feedback through sportsbook complaints and the SBR posting forum is vital to shaping SBR ratings.
Red tape and satisfying regulatory guidelines aside, if your credit card was stolen, wouldn't you expect the company who allowed potentially thousands in purchases to at least ask to see some ID? In the heat of the moment after making a big score, it is understandable that players feel frustrated by what they perceive as being delay tactics. Nobody enjoys having a balance sit in an account that you can't access the very second you want, but players must understand that sending in documentation and verifying your identity cannot be avoided.
The industry has evolved. Technology has advanced, and fraud is more prevalent than ever. With hackers like the group at Anonymous being able to breach the Sony PlayStation network and access an untold amount of credit card data, common identity theft seems like a walk in the park. This is in part why sportsbooks need to establish prior to withdrawal that you are the individual who you claim to be. The silver lining in all of this is that you will only need to go through the process once.
Photo ID is a must. Public library cards won't cut it, either. You will have to show some form of government issued ID, be it a driver's license or national passport. Do not bother depositing anywhere, less you are doing so at a bitcoin sportsbook that does not even confirm your identity, unless you have a current (non-expired) form of photo ID.
A utility bill is almost always asked for. The bill must be in your name and often times dated within the last three months. Hang on to your utility bills or make printed copies of them if you pay everything online, and be ready to scan and upload to your online sportsbook.
Additionally some online sportsbooks will confirm your address by mailing a unique token to your registered address. PO boxes are not accepted. If you live in a country that does not have a reliable mail system, such as Costa Rica for example, you might want to notify your online sportsbook ahead of time so that your account is cleared for play while waiting for the letter to arrive.
If you're depositing by credit card, a high resolution copy of the front and back of the card will be required, along with a signed authorization form permitting the online sportsbook to run the credit card for amounts up to a limit specified by you. Do not blacken out the card's details to prevent unnecessary delays in verifying your account.
Flash drives are useful. Not only are most modern drives encryptable, you can save all the hassle of rifling through your belongings to find your passport and scanning the same credit card over and over again when the request is made by each sportsbook. If you do not have a flash drive, keeping a copy of your documents in a password protected folder on your computer is a good idea.
To avoid delay come withdrawal time, it is a good practice to provide your ID and documents immediately after depositing. By the time you win a few bets you will most likely already have been verified and you will have the peace of mind knowing that there will be no downtime between making a withdrawal and having your request processed.
The fact is that players residing in countries with low GDP's will be scrutinized more than the average Joe in a first world nation whose documents appear to be in order and easily verifiable. In some countries where there is no standardized formatting for addresses or major well-known banking institutions, players might experience delays and additional requirements regardless of their compliance or intentions.
SBR suggests that players who fall into the above bucket remain calm and polite during their correspondences with sportsbooks. Most often, those who have nothing to hide will be out of the sportsbook's hair in no time and on their way to wagering and being paid.
The second group of players who typically are interrogated and prodded more than the average sports bettor are women. In some of the sportsbook complaints SBR has mediated, ladies have had their accounts closed for either failing or being unwilling to participate in random phone quizzes concerning their wagering history. The same goes for players who were unable to oblige requests to appear on Skype video to answer questions about their play.
When sportsbooks are suspicious about the identity of the player in question, another common request is for the player to photograph themselves holding their ID or a piece of paper with their account number visible. Regardless of how ridiculous some of the requests might sound, being uncooperative will not get you paid any faster and will only reinforce the sportsbook's belief that there is foul play involved.
Players who feel they have reasonably complied with a sportsbook's request to complete the KYC process and are still having trouble confirming their account are asked to submit a sportsbook complaint form. You can also tweet @SBRreview about the problem you're having or register a free account to post in the SBR Sportsbook & Industry forum.


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Fernando Alonso says it has been "a surprise" to see Red Bull's Sebastian Vettel beaten by team-mate Daniel Ricciardo in the last two races.
Vettel was ordered to let Ricciardo past in Bahrain and China. He has also out-qualified Vettel three times.
"He's not probably impressed people like he did in the past," twice champion Alonso said of German Vettel.
"This year in four races, three times Ricciardo was quicker, a surprise for everyone and also for him, I guess."
Alonso has been Vettel's biggest rival for the last four seasons, finishing second to him three times, twice by agonisingly close margins, despite driving an inferior car.
At the end of last season, the Spaniard said in a BBC Sport interview that Vettel, world champion for the last four years, would only be able to demonstrate his true abilities when he drove a car that was not the best.
In the interview, at the penultimate race, Alonso said: "When he will have a car like the others, if he wins, he will have a great recognition and be one of the legends in F1.
"When one day he has a car like the others and he is fourth, fifth, seventh, these four titles will be bad news for him because people will take these four titles even in a worse manner than they are doing now."
Asked how he felt about those remarks in the context of the start of this season, Alonso told BBC Sport that Vettel would still be a threat once Red Bull and engine partner Renault had addressed a few issues.
"When Red Bull put things in place and Renault put some extra power to close the deficit they have on straight-line speed, I'm sure Sebastian will be on top of the form again and will be a favourite," he said. "But at the moment it has been a surprise these four races."
Ricciardo played down the significance of his early-season superiority.
"Whether he's had the best car or not, to be four-time champ you're special, full stop," the Australian said.
Asked if he had shocked himself with his form this season, he said: "I don't know how much of it is a surprise. I obviously had a lot of belief and confidence in myself, otherwise it's hard to get to this level.
"But it's still very early. Things have been going well and I feel happy about that. I feel good behind the wheel."
Under new rules, one of Red Bull's key advantages has been annulled.
So-called exhaust-blown diffusers, which used exhaust gases to boost rear downforce, were central to their success.
Red Bull exploited the technology better than their rivals and Vettel could drive the car with it more effectively than then team-mate Mark Webber, who retired from F1 at the end of last season.
"The feeling in the car is not yet where we want it to be and you see that in the results," said Vettel.


The first notable difference, aside from the simple ingredient list, is the sodium count. In this booklet you will learn:-What is a gluten-free diet? Our skinny low calorie recipes are the pathway to stress-free, simple, quick and easy meal times. Stir-fry 4 to 5 minutes, or until cooked through. Season with salt and black pepper. Turn cut side down in the pan.
Vegetarian recipes: Crockpot Vegetable soup, Hot and sour soup, Onion Soup. If you want to learn about the many different ways that bone broth can help you on your journey to a healthier life, all you need to do is look inside this book. Are you looking for delicious low carb slow cooker recipes that will help you lose weight? Time is precious, hence the need to have a ketogenic diet cookbook that will help you remain in ketosis even with your busy schedules. The biggest benefit of cooking in a crockpot is that you can make a large batch and freeze the leftovers. A sampling of the included recipes are: Mexican Chicken Fajita Casserole and French Dip Au Jus. Season to taste with the pepper.
These are my favorite Chili Recipes: 1. For men, a healthy waist size measures less than 94 cm and for women, a waist less than 80 cm. Remove muffins from pan to cool completely on wire rack. Add extra apples and forgo the brown sugar to make this dish even healthier. You've Come To The Right Place! If you have any questions related to this diet book, I am happy to answer them for you. Remove the cake from the pan, transfer to the rack, and let cool completely.
Are you interested in finding out just what bone broth can do? Bake 10 to 12 minutes until lightly crisped. Add avocado, radishes, basil, and salt. She has asked me put together some Crockpot recipes for her to use so that she can prepare them overnight and then come home with a ready meal. All my recipes to tell you exactly what ingredients to use and how much for each portion to have the right taste. Whip these up in under an hour and wow friends with your baking skills.
Place pan on a rack and let cool for 15 minutes. No need to feel guilty about eating pizza. Make the most of your slow cooker or crock pot with recipes that work easily around your schedule. You'll Learn To Make Delightful And Easy Paleo Slow Cooker Soup Recipes Including. As soon as the pesto is incorporated and the chicken is done, time to plate up and eat! With 60 recipes for after weight loss surgery, that can be easily prepared in the slow cooker, we at Lasselle Press aim to take the stress out of meal planning and preparation as well as providing you with plenty of inspiration for the kitchen. The slow carb diet has helped millions of people lose as much as twenty pounds of fat in the first month and keep on losing until they reach and maintain their ideal weight.
Place chicken in large saucepan with 4 cups salted water, and bring to a boil over high heat. So what are you waiting for? Turn the pancakes and cook for about 2 minutes longer or until lightly browned. With the Low Carb Diet Slow Cooker: Delicious Slow Cooker Recipes To Lose Your Belly Fat Fast And Easy, slow-cooking and losing weight has never been easier. They make it a convenient, time-saving method to. Your body, mind, and waistline will thank you.
My family members love all of these recipes. Carotenoid-rich butternut squash is perhaps one of the most perfect fall superfoods, and any leftover cubes you might have are perfect for roasting and adding to salad. Bake 25 to 30 minutes or until wooden pick inserted in center comes out clean. Process, scraping the sides of the bowl as needed, until a paste forms. Pork recipes: Tasty Pork Chops, Slow Cooked Carnitas, Pork And Slaw Sandwiches.
Add the carrot, scallions, and garlic and cook, stirring often, for about 3 minutes or until tender. I wrote about it on here once before, but basically it was a serious taco-a-thon complete with 3 homemade salsas and 3 homemade fillings. Skinny Slow Cooker cookbook today and get excited for meals again! Tip into a bowl and let cool. Return the skillet to the heat and add the onion, garlic, chile pepper, and carrot. With this 30 Day Whole Food Slow Cooker Challenge, you're forced to take stock of your diet: only putting vegetables, fruits, nuts, meats, and fish into your body-and tossing out the rest, including dairy, whole grains, and legumes.
The recipes were uninspired, unoriginal, and, while they seem wholesome, they are in no way diet recipes. Fold in the blueberries, raspberries, and cherries. These nutritious foods help to boost the metabolism, which helps to burn more calories. Many people have described losing weight while also building muscle, having more energy, and feeling healthier. Sometimes it seems like just about every plan designed for weight loss discourages healthy eating and encourages you to cut out whole food groups. Cook for 1 minute, then transfer to the slow cooker. Teriyaki Chicken with colorful peppers 22.


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Sexual assault video: 6 Bangladesh nationals arrested for rape of woman in Bengaluru
Investigations revealed that the gang had trafficked the woman to Bengaluru
Bengaluru, May 28: Six Bangladesh nationals, including two women, were arrested in Bengaluru on Thursday in connection with the brutal sexual assault and gang rape of a woman in Ramamurthy Nagar, off Old Madras Road.
Earlier on Thursday, the Assam Police had promised to reward anyone who was able to identify the culprits seen in the widely circulated video, which led many in the Northeast to assumed that the victim was from Nagaland, based on reports of a Naga woman's death by suicide in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, on Sunday, May 23.
The arrested accused are Sagar, 23, Mohammed Babu Sahik, 30, Ridoy Babo, 25, all residents of Bengaluru, and Hakil, 23, a resident of Hyderabad and the women, whose identity police did not reveal.
Union Minister Kiren Rijiju, IPS officer Robin Hibu, Meghalaya MLA Ampareen Lyngdoh and Assam Police were among the few who came out on social media earlier on Thursday to say the viral sexual assault video was not related to the Jodhpur suicide case and that authorities across states were working to ascertain the identity of the victim and the perpetrators.
The victim in the incident and the perpetrators have been identified as Bangladeshi citizens by the police in Bangalore as well as Dhaka.
"Based on the contents of the video and preliminary investigation, a case of rape and assault has been registered against 6 persons including 2 women at @ramamurthyngrps," Bangalore police commissioner Kamal Pant said late on Thursday.
"A police team has also been deputed to an adjoining state to trace the victim so that she could join the investigation. According to the information revealed so far, all of them are part of the same group and are believed to be from Bangladesh. The victim who is also a Bangladeshi was brought to India for trafficking & was tortured & brutalized due to a financial matter," he added.
..the investigation.
According to the information revealed so far, all of them are part of the same group and are believed to be from Bangladesh. The victim who is also a Bangladeshi was brought to India for trafficking & was tortured & brutalized due to a financial matter. 2/3
— Kamal Pant, IPS (@CPBlr) May 27, 2021
Also Read: Arunachal: Teacher assault 8-year-old APSCPCR takes suo moto cognizance
The probe revealed gang had trafficked woman to Bengaluru:
Investigations revealed that the gang had trafficked the woman to Bengaluru. She initially broke free and fled to Kerala, but the gang forcibly brought her back to Bengaluru.
In the video, the female associate is seen helping the four men, who unleashed a brutal sexual assault on the trafficked woman, in Bengaluru. The video on social media went viral, especially in northeastern states, and the woman was suspected to be from the region.
Kiren Rijiju, Union minister of state for AYUSH, Youth Affairs and Sports, had appealed to netizens on Twitter to help crack the case.
Reportedly, the girl was getting all her documents ready for the past few months in order to travel to Saudi Arabia but went missing around three months ago. Bangladesh authorities suspected the girl was staying in India.
One of the accused has been identified as a resident of the Mogbazar area where he is known as Tiktok or Hridoy Babu in the area. Police showed the video to the suspect's mother, who identified him as 26-year-old Rifatul Islam Hridoy, also known as 'TikTok Hridoy Babu'. Authorities informed that they will be sharing more details about the culprit later.
Bangladesh nationals
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When the Wisconsin Alliance for Drug Endangered Children (WIDEC) first formed, methamphetamine lab numbers were at their highest not only in the state of Wisconsin, but also across the nation. Children living in homes where methamphetamine is produced are at great risk of endangerment due to high explosion rates and chemical hazards found in the environment. As a call to action, states began forming drug endangered children programs.
Today, WIDEC is not just concerned with methamphetamine. WIDEC realizes that children in ANY drug environment are at risk of neglect and/or abuse due to the child's caregiver's use, distribution or manufacture of drugs.
WIDEC would like to call attention to the specific warning signs users exhibit as a result of taking drugs. When people are informed on what to look for and be cautious of, they are better equipped to report and most importantly protect the innocent children involved in such situations.
Below are a list of drugs and the prominent characteristics of their use and abuse, as well as significant warning signs to identify parents or caretakers of drug endangered children.
Alcohol: slurred speech, bloodshot watery eyes, poor balance, odor of alcohol, drooping eyes, flushed appearance, confused, lack of concentration, vomiting, aggressive behavior, exaggerated behavior, crying, exhibitionist behavior.
Marijuana/Synthetic Marijuana: bloodshot eyes, euphoria, laughing, disorientation, impaired time & distance perception, binge eating, sweet smoky smell, dry mouth, unable to concentrate, short-term memory loss, hacking cough, lazy laid back appearance, unmotivated, talkative.
Stimulants: irritable, dilated pupils, intense emotions, fidgeting, headaches, difficulty concentrating, agitation, excessive activity, loss of appetite, insomnia.
"Ecstasy" (MDMA): extreme euphoria, dilated pupils, teeth grinding, nausea, muscle pain, diarrhea, paranoia, loss of appetite, anxiety, increased body temp, insomnia.
Depressants: slurred speech, staggering gait, depressed, spasmodic movement of eyes, unsteady, poor balance, confusion, droopy eyes, tired.
Cough Medicine: euphoria, hallucinations, loss of coordination, drowsiness, increased pulse & blood pressure, hypothermia, slurred speech.
Inhalants: chemical odor, sores/red marks around mouth and nose, coughing, runny nose, sneezing, impaired attention, slurred speech, nosebleeds, nausea, vomiting, poor balance & coordination.
Hallucinogens: sense of detachment from surroundings, hallucinations, fixed eyes, blank stare, anxiety, panic, distorted reality, slurred or blocked speech.
"Crack": tremors, involuntary muscular movements, paranoia.
Methamphetamine: excitability, anxiety, tremors, involuntary muscular movements, dry mouth, dizziness, chest pain, teeth grinding, dilated pupils, tooth decay, anxiety, paranoia, hallucinations, delusions, increased blood pressure, insomnia (awake for days at a time, then crashing & sleeping for days), sores on body (meth bugs), excessive scratching of skin. In addition, withdrawal from family and friends, lack of appetite, extreme weight loss, irritability, high body temperature, extreme depression, repetitive or compulsive behaviors.
Narcotics: constricted pupils, low raspy voice, droopy eyes, poor coordination, dry mouth.
Steroids: depression, violent outbursts, sudden weight gain, change in muscle mass, increased hair growth, irritability, acne, high blood pressure.
Nicotine: odor, yellow fingers, fatigue, headaches, shortness of breath, low raspy voice, dizziness.
Heroin: surge of euphoria, clouded thinking, wakeful and drowsy states, depressed breathing.


Malawi Congress Party Diaspora Network (MCPDN) has elected new office bearers.
In a statement made available to Nyasa Times, the new executive has been given a fresh mandate to work alongside the party in Malawi as the country prepares to go into the crucial campaignperiod for the next year's general elections.
The MCPDN, which is a collection of MCP members based outside Malawi, has existed since 2005.
In the recently held elections, American based Lucy Chitembeya was elected the Chairperson of the group. Other Committee members elected were Deputy Chairman Allan Mandindi; Director of Strategy,Pastor Nelson Ngulube, Director of Communications, Chalo Mvula; UK Representative,Upile Mponda, Secretary General Patricia Chimangeni; Director of finance,Paulos Banda; Director of Research, Richard Gondwe and Pastor Charles Burton and Malawi Representative Dyson Chikolera.
Speaking after being confirmed as the new chairperson Chitembeya expressed her excitement but was quick to point out of the task ahead .
Said Chitembeya:"The Journey shall be extremely tough, it will need all of our collective efforts as diasporas to assist accordingly our party, members and the leadership in MCP to carry on the day in the 2019".
Chitembeya went further to highlight that " MCP as a party are aware that DPP will never go down without a fight , but that in Dr Lazarus Chakwera , MCP has a candidate who is ready to rescue Malawi from its extreme levels of corruption and nepotism ".
Also commenting on the recent appointments, the President of MCP Dr Lazarus Chakwera said:"This is great development for the party. The Malawi Congress Party acknowledges the role Malawians in Diaspora play and we are looking forward to working with the new team,On behalf of the party and my own, I would like to congratulate Ms Lucy and all committee members duly elected to lead the MCP Diaspora Wing".
The MCP Diaspora has so far active members in USA. UK, Canada, Switzerland,RSA , Ireland and continues to welcome members to the wing.
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