I know what you are thinking, 'blogging for beginners… I have seen this before'. And yes, that's true. There are lists and lists of posts that you will find on Google or Pinterest expressing to have all the answers for beginner bloggers. The truth is, no post will have all the answers but this one will try.
From experience as a beginner blogger myself a year and a half ago, I have sifted through what works and what doesn't. Finding what worked was harder than finding what doesn't. I really didn't have that time to waste but I did it anyway. That is why failure is so important, you have to fail a couple times before you can succeed.
Through my failures and successes I have narrowed down some of my favorite resources that helped me create and maintain a profitable blog myself.
There is too much information out there about blogging, blogging resources, blogging courses and especially blogging for beginners. Most of it is biased because of all the affiliate programs for blogging tools and resources that people are receiving commission for when you click and purchase them.
And you will see that I am an affiliate for some of these resources I discuss below, but I also discuss resources that I am not an affiliate for. All the products, tools and resources I discuss I personally recommend. Because I want you to have as much advantage as possible starting out on your blogging journey so you can see the same successes I have!
Bloggers are one big community, and we help our own.
Yes, I do also recommend using WordPress for your blog as it is the easiest open source platform to use from my experience. Don't know how to use it? No problem, Bluehost will walk you through every step of the way as their support team is very helpful (isn't that a relief). Or you can get started easily on your own with this step by step guide: How To Create A Self Hosted WordPress Blog.
Creative Market: I love using Creative Market to find cute graphics, stock photos, fonts, plugins and themes to incorporate into my blog. I also love the weekly freebies they send straight to my inbox. There is something for everyone on Creative Market.
Picmonkey: I use PicMonkey and Canva for editing all the images, graphics, pinnable images and featured images on my blog. I switch between the two to keep the cost low ;). I mostly use Canva for my printables though.
Unsplash: Unsplash is the best free stock photo website I have found and use for most of my featured images and pinnable images on my site. I first go to this site to pick out the images I will use on my featured and pinnable images and then import them into Picmonkey for the editing process. I am always able to find high quality and clean looking images that flow well with the look and feel of my blog and content.
Grammarly: Without this tool, every other sentence you read on this blog would be completely butchered. Grammarly is an extension I installed onto my Chrome browser and automatically spell-checks and grammar-checks ANYTHING I type. I love it. Oh and did I mention, it is 100% free!
Convertkit: I use Convertkit for my email list and is the best email marketing platform I have worked with. I tried all of the free options and absolutely hated them. They were complicated and a hassle to use. To me, staying productive with my blog is very important as I also have a full-time day job. Convertkit has made it very simple to manage my email list and keep an open on-going relationship with my readers.
Coschedule Headline Analyzer: A good headline is what makes others want to click through and read what you have to say. A bad one can cost you traffic, shares and search results which is what you DO NOT want. This headline analyzer is great for coming up with the perfect headline so people will want to read your content.
HARO: HARO stands for 'Help A Report Out' and is a platform for both journalists and sources. I use HARO to communicate with both sources and journalists. As a journalist, I can put out requests to sources for expertise to include in my articles (giving them credit of course). As a source, I can respond to other HARO requests asking for my expertise. Because of HARO, I was featured on Time Money, Business Insider, Skillcrush, and USA Today. If you want to get your name and your new blog out there, HARO is a must and it is completely free.
Social Warfare Share Buttons: I use to have Shareaholic and trust me when I said I loved Shareaholic. However, I was blown away when I found Social Warfare. Social Warfare share buttons are so sleek, easy to use, and don't slow down my site. If you are looking for the perfect social media sharing buttons for the ultimate social media marketing tool, check out Social Warefare.
Pinteresting Strategies Course: When I first started out trying to grow my following and increase traffic from Pinterest, I felt lost in the sea of other bloggers. Then I found Amber's Pinterest Pal's Facebook group which then led me to her course, Pinteresting Strategies. This course was a breath of fresh air as Amber's lessons are easy to follow and implement with actionable steps that I saw results from in the same week. I went from under 1,000 followers before using Amber's course to now over 6,000 followers (in under 1 year). I get about 60% of my overall traffic from Pinterest. Check out more about this course here.
Pingroupie: An amazing free Pinterest Group Board Directory that lets you search through current group boards on Pinterest to join. It is sorted by category and also shows you stats of the board such as followers, average repins, etc.
Pinterest group boards have become such a popular and effective strategy to growing both your Pinterest reach and views but also your click through traffic from Pinterest. You have to be careful with what groups you choose to join, always pin 1 from the group board for every pin you add and always pin within the category of the group board or everyone ends up getting the sh** end of the stick due to Pinterest's algorithm. This is why I love Pingroupie for choosing the best ones to join. I also have a couple of my own group boards that I have created that you can join by clicking the links below and following the directions.
Facebook blogging groups and mastermind groups have become so helpful for me not only in the beginning stage of my blogging journey but especially as I grow my blog and network. There is no other helpful blogging for beginners resource than these groups. Mastermind groups and blogging groups are where you can get in touch with other bloggers and discuss strategies, ideas, collaborations, and so much more.
Blog Growth 101 from yours truly, me! Get support from fellow bloggers to help grow your blog, improve your strategies and increase your income.
BTOP Ultimate Blogging Group from the guys of Breaking The One Percent.
Boost Your Blog from Helene In Between (one of my favorite travel bloggers and fellow former Ursuline Academy Alumni).
Making Sense of Affiliate Marketing Group from Michelle at Making Sense of Cents. This is one of the most helpful groups I am a member of and the only way to gain access is if you purchase her Making Sense of Affiliate Marketing course which is 100% worth it and discussed in more detail below in the monetization section.
Google Webmaster Tools: When you first get started with your blog, have an organized site structure with some content added and have all your branding in place with a site that is ready to go, then go to Google Webmaster Tools to submit your sitemap. This tells google to crawl your site so you can be found via the search console. Check back periodically for any errors you may need to correct in the search console as well as monitor your site's Google search performance.
Moz: Moz is the SEO head honcho. It is their algorithm that controls your Domain Authority or DA and your Page Authority or PA of your blog. These DA and PA metrics say how likely it is you will rank in search engines on a scale of 0 – 100 based on a a variety of factors. Their site provides tons of resources for learning SEO, tools for researching keywords and keyword recommendations, shows you how much search volume there is for a given keywords and how easy or hard it is to rank for that keyword, shows you what keywords your competitors are trying to rank for and seriously, tons more tools.
Semrush: Semrush has completely changed the way I create content. Semrush is like an SEO miracle software sent from above. This online software does in depth domain analytics, keyword analytics, performs gap analysis, has a writing assistant, topic research tool and lead generation tool. It shows you who your competitors are, what they are ranking for and gives you templates for how you can out rank them. They also have a keyword magic tool I am obsessed with and the best site audit tools I have come across. You can sign up for their free trial here and see for yourself.
YoastSEO: YoastSEO is one of the best blogging tools and resources and the perfect blogging for beginners WordPress plugin. It is kind of like an 'SEO for Dummies' guide plugin that shows you how your posts are doing in both readability and SEO coverage. This plugin also shows you recommendations on how to improve your readability and SEO on the post or page you are on.
Google Analytics: Link your site up immediately with Google Analytics as soon as you want to start measuring your site traffic, interaction, engagement, audience, etc. The easiest way to do this is by first adding your site to Google Analytics and then installing the Google Analytics for WP Dashboard plugin. It is completely free, of course. If you need more of a step by step explanation, check out Google Analytics For Newbies.
Google Alerts: Google Alerts is great for getting notified when your domain or name is mentioned on the internet. You can get alerted for any phrase really. You just create a new alert for whatever phrase or word you would like to get alerted for (I have one for my site name, one for my domain name and another for my full name). This is great for finding out when or if you have been featured on any big sites or just to see what other content you are being linked in.
PageSpeed Insights: This tool is super easy to use, all you do is enter your domain name and Google tells you the speed and performance of your site and what exactly would need to change in order to improve. Your blog's loading speed and usability is especially important because having a faster blog will lower your bounce rate and provide a better user experience.
Mediavine: For ads, when I finally reached 25,000 sessions at the beginning of this year, I applied to Mediavine and was accepted. If you are not familiar with Mediavine, it is not an ad network. Instead, it is a group of publishers who joined forces to work directly with ad exchanges and advertisers to get the most money for their ad inventory. This change has more than doubled my ad income since switching from Google Adsense. To read about different types of ads to display on your blog, check out Frustrated With Google AdSense? Try These Top Alternatives.
Making Sense Of Affiliate Marketing Course: When I first started this blog I was confused with how people made money on their blogs, scratching my head wondering why money wasn't piling into my Amazon affiliate account. Then I found this course that helped me put together my affiliate marketing strategy. This course has tons of step by step guides, lists of affiliate programs to join, how to join them, how to market affiliate links effectively so you actually make money and so much more including free perks like additional lessons to boost your affiliate marketing strategy and grow your blog effectively. It also includes lifetime access to the course and free Facebook mastermind group. Without this course I truly believe I wouldn't be making almost $2000 a month, and my blog is just over 1 year old. If you invest in any courses for your blog, this is the one to invest in!
Affiliate Window: A number of the affiliates I promote throughout my blog come through Affiliate Window or AWIN. Affiliate Window is a great and easy to use affiliate network to help boost your blog earnings. Along with access to hundreds of affiliates through the platform (in all niches), they also have an amazing referral program of their own. Once you get access to the platform and refer any new signups, you get $30.
If you need help getting started with affiliate marketing or don't even know what it is, read my The Fail-Proof Guide To Get Started With Affiliate Links.
What are some blogging resources you recommend for blogging for beginners? We would love to hear from you in the comments below!
This is chock full of information. Compared to some other bloggers promising to provide instruction, it doesn't give the impression that it's a self-serving post. Because I use some of the resources you listed, it made me feel that those with which I'm not yet familiar warrant my investigation. Thanks for all the great tips!
Anytime! Let us know in the comments if you end up using any of these and if they helped you at all!
Rocking list of resources here Daniella. Thanks for sharing with us.
I agree with you that Bluehost is cheap and right for beginner bloggers; but also reliable and quality host. And really, new blogs don't get traffic so they don't need ultra fast hosts.
As for using HARO for link and mentions, your list of publications is inspiring. So far I had moderate success with HARO, but I was able to land a mention at Fit Small Business, which is an extremely strong website. That one homepage link visibly pushed rankings for all my keywords.
Yes, I LOVE HARO! It completely changed the game for me when I found it.


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Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, Third Edition
An Introduction to Applied Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Lesson 1: Introduction to Epidemiology
Section 6: Descriptive Epidemiology
The 5W's of descriptive epidemiology:
What = health issue of concern
Who = person
Where = place
When = time
Why/how = causes, risk factors, modes of transmission
As noted earlier, every novice newspaper reporter is taught that a story is incomplete if it does not describe the what, who, where, when, and why/how of a situation, whether it be a space shuttle launch or a house fire. Epidemiologists strive for similar comprehensiveness in characterizing an epidemiologic event, whether it be a pandemic of influenza or a local increase in all-terrain vehicle crashes. However, epidemiologists tend to use synonyms for the five W's listed above: case definition, person, place, time, and causes/risk factors/modes of transmission. Descriptive epidemiology covers time, place, and person.
Compiling and analyzing data by time, place, and person is desirable for several reasons.
First, by looking at the data carefully, the epidemiologist becomes very familiar with the data. He or she can see what the data can or cannot reveal based on the variables available, its limitations (for example, the number of records with missing information for each important variable), and its eccentricities (for example, all cases range in age from 2 months to 6 years, plus one 17-year-old.).
Second, the epidemiologist learns the extent and pattern of the public health problem being investigated — which months, which neighborhoods, and which groups of people have the most and least cases.
Third, the epidemiologist creates a detailed description of the health of a population that can be easily communicated with tables, graphs, and maps.
Fourth, the epidemiologist can identify areas or groups within the population that have high rates of disease. This information in turn provides important clues to the causes of the disease, and these clues can be turned into testable hypotheses.
The occurrence of disease changes over time. Some of these changes occur regularly, while others are unpredictable. Two diseases that occur during the same season each year include influenza (winter) and West Nile virus infection (August–September). In contrast, diseases such as hepatitis B and salmonellosis can occur at any time. For diseases that occur seasonally, health officials can anticipate their occurrence and implement control and prevention measures, such as an influenza vaccination campaign or mosquito spraying. For diseases that occur sporadically, investigators can conduct studies to identify the causes and modes of spread, and then develop appropriately targeted actions to control or prevent further occurrence of the disease.
In either situation, displaying the patterns of disease occurrence by time is critical for monitoring disease occurrence in the community and for assessing whether the public health interventions made a difference.
Time data are usually displayed with a two-dimensional graph. The vertical or y-axis usually shows the number or rate of cases; the horizontal or x-axis shows the time periods such as years, months, or days. The number or rate of cases is plotted over time. Graphs of disease occurrence over time are usually plotted as line graphs (Figure 1.4) or histograms (Figure 1.5).
Figure 1.4 Reported Cases of Salmonellosis per 100,000 Population, by Year — United States, 1972–2002
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Summary of notifiable diseases–United States, 2002. Published April 30, 2004, for MMWR 2002;51(No. 53): p. 59.
Figure 1.5 Number of Intussusception Reports After the Rhesus Rotavirus Vaccine-tetravalent (RRV-TV) by Vaccination Date — United States, September 1998–December 1999
Source: Zhou W, Pool V, Iskander JK, English-Bullard R, Ball R, Wise RP, et al. In: Surveillance Summaries, January 24, 2003. MMWR 2003;52(No. SS-1):1–26.
Sometimes a graph shows the timing of events that are related to disease trends being displayed. For example, the graph may indicate the period of exposure or the date control measures were implemented. Studying a graph that notes the period of exposure may lead to insights into what may have caused illness. Studying a graph that notes the timing of control measures shows what impact, if any, the measures may have had on disease occurrence.
As noted above, time is plotted along the x-axis. Depending on the disease, the time scale may be as broad as years or decades, or as brief as days or even hours of the day. For some conditions — many chronic diseases, for example — epidemiologists tend to be interested in long-term trends or patterns in the number of cases or the rate. For other conditions, such as foodborne outbreaks, the relevant time scale is likely to be days or hours. Some of the common types of time-related graphs are further described below. These and other graphs are described in more detail in Lesson 4.
Secular (long-term) trends. Graphing the annual cases or rate of a disease over a period of years shows long-term or secular trends in the occurrence of the disease (Figure 1.4). Health officials use these graphs to assess the prevailing direction of disease occurrence (increasing, decreasing, or essentially flat), help them evaluate programs or make policy decisions, infer what caused an increase or decrease in the occurrence of a disease (particularly if the graph indicates when related events took place), and use past trends as a predictor of future incidence of disease.
Seasonality. Disease occurrence can be graphed by week or month over the course of a year or more to show its seasonal pattern, if any. Some diseases such as influenza and West Nile infection are known to have characteristic seasonal distributions. Seasonal patterns may suggest hypotheses about how the infection is transmitted, what behavioral factors increase risk, and other possible contributors to the disease or condition. Figure 1.6 shows the seasonal patterns of rubella, influenza, and rotavirus. All three diseases display consistent seasonal distributions, but each disease peaks in different months — rubella in March to June, influenza in November to March, and rotavirus in February to April. The rubella graph is striking for the epidemic that occurred in 1963 (rubella vaccine was not available until 1969), but this epidemic nonetheless followed the seasonal pattern.
Figure 1.6 Seasonal Pattern of Rubella, Influenza and Rotavirus
Source: Dowell SF. Seasonal Variation in Host Susceptibility and Cycles of Certain Infectious Diseases. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;5:369–74.
Day of week and time of day. For some conditions, displaying data by day of the week or time of day may be informative. Analysis at these shorter time periods is particularly appropriate for conditions related to occupational or environmental exposures that tend to occur at regularly scheduled intervals. In Figure 1.7, farm tractor fatalities are displayed by days of the week.(32) Note that the number of farm tractor fatalities on Sundays was about half the number on the other days. The pattern of farm tractor injuries by hour, as displayed in Figure 1.8 peaked at 11:00 a.m., dipped at noon, and peaked again at 4:00 p.m. These patterns may suggest hypotheses and possible explanations that could be evaluated with further study. Figure 1.9 shows the hourly number of survivors and rescuers presenting to local hospitals in New York following the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001.
Figure 1.7 Farm Tractor Deaths by Day of Week
Figure 1.8 Farm Tractor Deaths by Hour of Day
Source: Goodman RA, Smith JD, Sikes RK, Rogers DL, Mickey JL. Fatalities associated with farm tractor injuries: an epidemiologic study. Public Health Rep 1985;100:329–33.
Figure 1.9 World Trade Center Survivors and Rescuers
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rapid Assessment of Injuries Among Survivors of the Terrorist Attack on the World Trade Center — New York City, September 2001. MMWR 2002;51:1–5.
Epidemic period. To show the time course of a disease outbreak or epidemic, epidemiologists use a graph called an epidemic curve. As with the other graphs presented so far, an epidemic curve's y-axis shows the number of cases, while the x-axis shows time as either date of symptom onset or date of diagnosis. Depending on the incubation period (the length of time between exposure and onset of symptoms) and routes of transmission, the scale on the x-axis can be as broad as weeks (for a very prolonged epidemic) or as narrow as minutes (e.g., for food poisoning by chemicals that cause symptoms within minutes). Conventionally, the data are displayed as a histogram (which is similar to a bar chart but has no gaps between adjacent columns). Sometimes each case is displayed as a square, as in Figure 1.10. The shape and other features of an epidemic curve can suggest hypotheses about the time and source of exposure, the mode of transmission, and the causative agent. Epidemic curves are discussed in more detail in Lessons 4 and 6.
Figure 1.10 Cases of Salmonella Enteriditis — Chicago, February 13–21, by Date and Time of Symptom Onset
Source: Cortese M, Gerber S, Jones E, Fernandez J. A Salmonella Enteriditis outbreak in Chicago. Presented at the Eastern Regional Epidemic Intelligence Service Conference, March 23, 2000, Boston, Massachusetts.
Describing the occurrence of disease by place provides insight into the geographic extent of the problem and its geographic variation. Characterization by place refers not only to place of residence but to any geographic location relevant to disease occurrence. Such locations include place of diagnosis or report, birthplace, site of employment, school district, hospital unit, or recent travel destinations. The unit may be as large as a continent or country or as small as a street address, hospital wing, or operating room. Sometimes place refers not to a specific location at all but to a place category such as urban or rural, domestic or foreign, and institutional or noninstitutional.
Consider the data in Tables 1.3 and 1.4. Table 1.3 displays SARS data by source of report, and reflects where a person with possible SARS is likely to be quarantined and treated.(33) In contrast, Table 1.4 displays the same data by where the possible SARS patients had traveled, and reflects where transmission may have occurred.
Table 1.3 Reported Cases of SARS through November 3, 2004 — United States, by Case Definition Category and State of Residence
Total Cases Reported
Total Suspect Cases Reported
Total Probable Cases Reported
Total Confirmed Cases Reported
Adapted from: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Report of Cases in the United States; Available from:http://cdc.gov/od/oc/media/presskits/sars/cases.htm.
Table 1.4 Reported Cases of SARS through November 3, 2004 — United States, by High-Risk Area Visited
Count*
Hong Kong City, China
Beijing City, China
Shanghai City, China
Anhui Province, China
Chongqing City, China
Guizhou Province, China
Macoa City, China
Tianjin City, China
Jilin Province, China
Xinjiang Province
Zhejiang Province, China
Guangxi Province, China
Shanxi Province, China
Liaoning Province, China
Hunan Province, China
Sichuan Province, China
Hubei Province, China
Jiangxi Province, China
Fujian Province, China
Jiangsu Province, China
Yunnan Province, China
Hebei Province, China
Qinghai Province, China
Tibet (Xizang) Province, China
Hainan Province
Henan Province, China
Gansu Province, China
Shandong Province, China
* 158 reported case-patients visited 232 areas
Data Source: Heymann DL, Rodier G. Global Surveillance, National Surveillance, and SARS. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:173–175.
Although place data can be shown in a table such as Table 1.3 or Table 1.4, a map provides a more striking visual display of place data. On a map, different numbers or rates of disease can be depicted using different shadings, colors, or line patterns, as in Figure 1.11.
Figure 1.11 Mortality Rates for Asbestosis, by State — United States, 1968–1981 and 1982–2000
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Changing patterns of pneumoconiosis mortality–United States, 1968–2000. MMWR 2004;53:627–32.
Another type of map for place data is a spot map, such as Figure 1.12. Spot maps generally are used for clusters or outbreaks with a limited number of cases. A dot or X is placed on the location that is most relevant to the disease of interest, usually where each victim lived or worked, just as John Snow did in his spot map of the Golden Square area of London (Figure 1.1). If known, sites that are relevant, such as probable locations of exposure (water pumps in Figure 1.1), are usually noted on the map.
Figure 1.12 Spot Map of Giardia Cases
Analyzing data by place can identify communities at increased risk of disease. Even if the data cannot reveal why these people have an increased risk, it can help generate hypotheses to test with additional studies. For example, is a community at increased risk because of characteristics of the people in the community such as genetic susceptibility, lack of immunity, risky behaviors, or exposure to local toxins or contaminated food? Can the increased risk, particularly of a communicable disease, be attributed to characteristics of the causative agent such as a particularly virulent strain, hospitable breeding sites, or availability of the vector that transmits the organism to humans? Or can the increased risk be attributed to the environment that brings the agent and the host together, such as crowding in urban areas that increases the risk of disease transmission from person to person, or more homes being built in wooded areas close to deer that carry ticks infected with the organism that causes Lyme disease? (More techniques for graphic presentation are discussed in Lesson 4.)
"Person" attributes include age, sex, ethnicity/race, and socioeconomic status.
Because personal characteristics may affect illness, organization and analysis of data by "person" may use inherent characteristics of people (for example, age, sex, race), biologic characteristics (immune status), acquired characteristics (marital status), activities (occupation, leisure activities, use of medications/tobacco/drugs), or the conditions under which they live (socioeconomic status, access to medical care). Age and sex are included in almost all data sets and are the two most commonly analyzed "person" characteristics. However, depending on the disease and the data available, analyses of other person variables are usually necessary. Usually epidemiologists begin the analysis of person data by looking at each variable separately. Sometimes, two variables such as age and sex can be examined simultaneously. Person data are usually displayed in tables or graphs.
Age. Age is probably the single most important "person" attribute, because almost every health-related event varies with age. A number of factors that also vary with age include: susceptibility, opportunity for exposure, latency or incubation period of the disease, and physiologic response (which affects, among other things, disease development).
When analyzing data by age, epidemiologists try to use age groups that are narrow enough to detect any age-related patterns that may be present in the data. For some diseases, particularly chronic diseases, 10-year age groups may be adequate. For other diseases, 10-year and even 5-year age groups conceal important variations in disease occurrence by age. Consider the graph of pertussis occurrence by standard 5-year age groups shown in Figure 1.13a. The highest rate is clearly among children 4 years old and younger. But is the rate equally high in all children within that age group, or do some children have higher rates than others?
Figure 1.13a Pertussis by 5-Year Age Groups
Figure 1.13b Pertussis by <1, 4-Year, Then 5-Year Age Groups
To answer this question, different age groups are needed. Examine Figure 1.13b, which shows the same data but displays the rate of pertussis for children under 1 year of age separately. Clearly, infants account for most of the high rate among 0–4 year olds. Public health efforts should thus be focused on children less than 1 year of age, rather than on the entire 5-year age group.
Sex. Males have higher rates of illness and death than do females for many diseases. For some diseases, this sex-related difference is because of genetic, hormonal, anatomic, or other inherent differences between the sexes. These inherent differences affect susceptibility or physiologic responses. For example, premenopausal women have a lower risk of heart disease than men of the same age. This difference has been attributed to higher estrogen levels in women. On the other hand, the sex-related differences in the occurrence of many diseases reflect differences in opportunity or levels of exposure. For example, Figure 1.14 shows the differences in lung cancer rates over time among men and women.(34) The difference noted in earlier years has been attributed to the higher prevalence of smoking among men in the past. Unfortunately, prevalence of smoking among women now equals that among men, and lung cancer rates in women have been climbing as a result.(35)
Figure 1.14 Lung Cancer Rates — United States, 1930–1999
Data Source: American Cancer Society [Internet]. Atlanta: The American Cancer Society, Inc. Available from: http://cancer.org/docroot/PRO/content/PRO_1_1_ Cancer_ Statistics_2005_Presentation.aspexternal icon.
Ethnic and racial groups. Sometimes epidemiologists are interested in analyzing person data by biologic, cultural or social groupings such as race, nationality, religion, or social groups such as tribes and other geographically or socially isolated groups. Differences in racial, ethnic, or other group variables may reflect differences in susceptibility or exposure, or differences in other factors that influence the risk of disease, such as socioeconomic status and access to health care. In Figure 1.15, infant mortality rates for 2002 are shown by race and Hispanic origin of the mother.
Figure 1.15 Infant Mortality Rates for 2002, by Race and Ethnicity of Mother
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. QuickStats: Infant mortality rates*, by selected racial/ethnic populations — United States, 2002, MMWR 2005;54(05):126.
Socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status is difficult to quantify. It is made up of many variables such as occupation, family income, educational achievement or census track, living conditions, and social standing. The variables that are easiest to measure may not accurately reflect the overall concept. Nevertheless, epidemiologists commonly use occupation, family income, and educational achievement, while recognizing that these variables do not measure socioeconomic status precisely.
The frequency of many adverse health conditions increases with decreasing socioeconomic status. For example, tuberculosis is more common among persons in lower socioeconomic strata. Infant mortality and time lost from work due to disability are both associated with lower income. These patterns may reflect more harmful exposures, lower resistance, and less access to health care. Or they may in part reflect an interdependent relationship that is impossible to untangle: Does low socioeconomic status contribute to disability, or does disability contribute to lower socioeconomic status, or both? What accounts for the disproportionate prevalence of diabetes and asthma in lower socioeconomic areas? (36, 37)
A few adverse health conditions occur more frequently among persons of higher socioeconomic status. Gout was known as the "disease of kings" because of its association with consumption of rich foods. Other conditions associated with higher socioeconomic status include breast cancer, Kawasaki syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, and tennis elbow. Differences in exposure account for at least some if not most of the differences in the frequency of these conditions.
Exercise 1.6
Using the data in Tables 1.5 and 1.6, describe the death rate patterns for the "Unusual Event." For example, how do death rates vary between men and women overall, among the different socioeconomic classes, among men and women in different socioeconomic classes, and among adults and children in different socioeconomic classes? Can you guess what type of situation might result in such death rate patterns?
Table 1.5 Deaths and Death Rates for an Unusual Event, by Sex and Socioeconomic Status
Socioeconomic Status
Persons at risk
Death rate (%)
Both sexes
Table 1.6 Deaths and Death Rates for an Unusual Event, by Age and Socioeconomic Status
High/Middle
Check your answer.
References (This Section)
Goodman RA, Smith JD, Sikes RK, Rogers DL, Mickey JL. Fatalities associated with farm tractor injuries: an epidemiologic study. Public Health Rep 1985;100:329–33.
Heyman DL, Rodier G. Global surveillance, national surveillance, and SARS. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;10:173–5.
American Cancer Society [Internet]. Atlanta: The American Cancer Society, Inc. Available from: http://www.cancer.org/Research/CancerFactsFigures/cancer-facts-figures-2005/external icon.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Current trends. Lung cancer and breast cancer trends among women–Texas. MMWR 1984;33(MM19):266.
Liao Y, Tucker P, Okoro CA, Giles WH, Mokdad AH, Harris VB, et. al. REACH 2010 surveillance for health status in minority communities — United States, 2001–2002. MMWR 2004;53:1–36.
Next Page: Analytic Epidemiology
Lesson 1 Overview
Figure 1.4
Description: A line graph shows a dramatic peak indicating an outbreak caused by contaminated pasteurized milk in Illinois. Return to text.
Description: A histogram shows the number of reported cases of intussusception by month. Return to text.
Description: Three line graphs show a comparison of the number of reported cases of rubella, influenza, and rotavirus by month and year comparing frequency, duration, and severity of each. Return to text.
Description: Histogram shows comparison of the number of tractor deaths by day of the week. Differences by day are easily seen. Return to text.
Description: Histogram shows comparison of the number of tractor deaths by hour. Differences by hour are easily seen. Return to text.
Description: A histogram with different colored bars indicating the number of World Trade Center nonrescuer survivors and rescuers treated in hospitals. A dramatic increase and decrease in the number survivors compared to rescuers within a few hours after the attack can be seen. Return to text.
Figure 1.10
Description: Histogram shows each case represented by a square stacked into columns. The number of cases by date and time after a party is seen. Return to text.
Description: Two rate distribution maps show an increase in age-adjusted mortality rate for asbestosis in almost all states over time. Return to text.
Description: A map shows the geographic location of primary cases. Return to text.
Figure 1.13a
Description: Bar chart shows pertussis cases in age groups of 4 year intervals. The majority of cases occur in children aged 0-4 years. Return to text.
Figure 1.13b
Description: Bar chart shows the same data as Figure 1.13a displayed with different age groups. The majority of pertussis cases occur in children younger than 1 year of age. Return to text.
Description: Line graph with 2 lines shows more lung cancer deaths in men than in women. Lung cancer deaths in men is higher than for women but has been decreasing slightly since the early 1990s. Return to text.
Description: Bar chart shows infant mortality rates by race/ethnicity as separate bars. Differences in race and ethnicity are easily seen. Return to text.
Page last reviewed: May 18, 2012
Content source: Deputy Director for Public Health Science and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development
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At CAA we encourage our students to be strategic with their time as they pursue their college dreams. One way to do that is to approach your summer with the same planning as you do during the school year.
You may have access to a summer class or even a special summer program. This could be based on a specific subject matter, like engineering, or be a broad range of classes. Have you checked with the colleges you are interested in to see if they have any opportunities? Be sure to do this early as there may be a cost, an application, and other steps to complete.
Maybe you don't have the option of a formal educational opportunity. Reading a book or article, no matter the topic or genre, is a great way to keep your brain going during the summer. Summer reading is your chance to learn more about the topics you find interesting. It is a time where you are not hampered by your homework load.
Summer is a great time to find volunteer opportunities. During the school year you have the chance to do regular volunteer hours, but being out of school may create more opportunities. Since you are not tied to your school schedule, you may be able to volunteer outside of your community. We encourage you to think about your current volunteering and consider trying something new. Your new experiences can present you as a well-rounded student and create more items for your academic resume.
Colleges will typically have tours for prospective students available in the summer. The summer may allow you time to travel to a further campus that interests you. Many times they will have students on campus for summer courses or orientation. Visiting in the summer will give you a feel of what the school is all about and provide a connection with their admissions office. Be sure to check the college website for their process for signing up for a visit.
Are you an artist, a writer, a musician, dancer, filmmaker, or actor? Summer is a time to hone your craft and put in the extra work. Some colleges may offer scholarships based on artistic skills and may even allow you to submit creative works as part of your application. Even if you are not an artist, it can be a great way to spend your time trying new things!
The intent of this blog is to help you brainstorm options as you consider your summer experience. Your uniqueness can be on display through the choices you make during your time off. As CAA coaches we can discuss your own plans and offer advice.


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Acutions
Adeiny Hechavarría #11
Adeiny Hechavarría
107 .252 5 18 3 .728
Adeiny Hechavarría Bio
Fullname: Adeiny Hechavarría
Nickname: La Pantera Uuff
Born: 4/15/1989 in Santiago De Cuba, Cuba
Follow @Adeiny11
During the offseason, Adeiny returned to his native Cuba for the first time since defecting to pursue his baseball career in 2009-a nine-year wait…he was thrilled to see much of his family and friends for the first time in so long... In 2009, Adeiny and 11 others struck a deal to escape from Cuba by boat and come to the U.S. via Mexico…when he reached the majors with Toronto in 2012, he received guidance from former Rays shortstop and fellow Cuban defector Yunel Escobar…the two were later traded in the same deal to the Marlins... Adeiny is held in high regard as a local baseball hero by the residents of Santiago de Cuba… moved by the poverty and, in particular, a lack of shoes, he sent the community $15,000 worth of Adidas footwear over the offseason... While visiting Cuba, a video posted on his Instagram account (@adeiny11) showed him barbequing a pig on a spit over an open flame, a first-time experience for him... Adeiny's favorite players growing up were Derek Jeter and Germán Mesa, a Cuban shortstop nicknamed El Imán, or "The Magnet," for his fielding abilities.
Veteran shortstop was acquired by the Rays on June 26 and joined the team the next day in Pittsburgh…appeared in 77 games for the Rays, including 74 starts at shortstop…his combined 8 HR were a career high despite only 330 AB... Achieved a .987 fielding pct. after joining the Rays, with only 4 errors in 298 chances…this ranked 3rd among major league shortstops from June 26 on, behind PHI Freddy Galvis (.994) and DET José Iglesias (.989)…prior to his arrival, Rays shortstops ranked 14th of 15 AL teams with a .959 fielding pct... Did not commit an error after July 30 at NYY, finishing the season on streaks of 51 errorless games and 179 errorless chances (all as a shortstop)…according to Stats LLC, these both rank 3rd in Rays history for a shortstop…in 2013, Yunel Escobar compiled errorless streaks of 53 games and 232 chances, and in 2002, Chris Gomez posted errorless streaks of 52 games and 242 chances…he was the only qualifying shortstop in baseball who was errorless from the start of August through season's end... From Aug 15 through season's end, hit .299/.345/ .560 (40-for-134) with 19 XBH (9-2B, 4-3B, 6-HR) in 39 games…over this span, ranked 3rd among AL shortstops in avg. and 2nd in slugging pct. behind CLE Francisco Lindor (.598)…prior to that, he hit .214/.230/.260 (28-for-131) with 4 XBH (3-2B, 1-HR) in his first 38 games for the Rays… this stretch raised his season avg. from .235 to .261…was homerless in his first 33 games with the Rays; all 7 HR with the club came over his last 44 games beginning Aug 9... Is the only player in baseball with at least 5 3B in each of the past five seasons…his 35 3B over this span (since 2013) rank 2nd in the majors, one shy of former Marlins teammate Dee Gordon (36)... Was the Marlins Opening Day shortstop for a fifth straight year and played 20 games (17 starts) for them before being sidelined with a left oblique strain on May 9…appeared in 9 rehab games for the Marlins before the trade... On June 27 at PIT, was reinstated from the 10-day DL to make his Rays debut and the first ground ball hit to him was a diving stop and throw to retire Josh Bell in the 2nd inning… logged 2 RBI, coming on an RBI single in the 8th inning and a sac fly in the 10th... Twice for the Rays he recorded a game-tying hit with 2 outs in the 9th inning, the first Ray to do this twice in a season since Evan Longoria in 2010…on June 30 at BAL, his RBI single off Brad Brach tied the game 3-3 en route to a 6-4, 10-inning win…on July 18 at OAK, his RBI single off Santiago Casilla tied it 3-3 and the Rays won 4-3…prior to the trade, he had one game-tying hit in the 9th inning or later in 640 career games: on July 28, 2014 vs. WAS with the Marlins, a triple off Rafael Soriano in the 9th... Also on June 30 at BAL, tied his career high with 4 hits (6th time, last April 30, 2016 at MIL)…was the first Ray with 4 hits out of the No. 9 spot in the batting order since Kevin Kiermaier on July 9, 2014 vs. KC... On Aug 20 vs. SEA, tripled and homered to tie his career high with 7 total bases (3rd time, first since April 30, 2016 at MIL)... On Sep 12 vs. NYY, hit a go-ahead solo homer in the 8th inning off Sonny Gray for a 2-1 win... Became the 10th Cuban-born player in Rays history and the fourth born outside of Havana (Santiago), joining Rolando Arrojo (Santa Clara), Danys Báez (Pinar del Rio) and Alexei Ramírez (Pinar del Rio).
In fourth season with Miami, hit .236 (120x508) with three home runs and 38 RBI over 155 games. His 155 games played marked a career high and tied Christian Yelich for tops on team...Also tied for team lead in triples (6) with Marcell Ozuna and Dee Gordon...Struck out once every 7.49 at-bats, best rate of career, ahead of 6.67 in 2014...Had slow start to season, recording just 12 hits in 21 games prior to April 30. In final day of April, tied career high with four hits at Milwaukee, including a home run...Doubled twice on April 6 vs. Detroit, marking first career game with two doubles. Also had two-double game on May 16 at Philadelphia...Connected for first home run of season on April 16 vs. Atlanta...From April 30 to May 26, hit .318 (27x85) with nine of his 31 total multi-hit games...Led off for first time of season (29th career) on May 26 at Tampa Bay; homered in second inning, his first career homer from leadoff spot...Recorded season-high four RBI on June 13 at San Diego, going 2x5 with two runs scored, a double and a triple...Hit in season-best eight consecutive games from July 30-August 7, hitting .367 (11x30) over streak.
Was named the Jeff Conine Mr. Marlin award winner by the South Florida chapter of the Baseball Writers Association of America; he was also a Rawlings® Gold Glove award finalist among National League shortstops for the second consecutive season... Recorded career bests in average (.281), runs (54), home runs (5), and RBI (48)...Ranked third in the Majors in DEF rating (21.6), behind Kevin Kiermaier (32.0) and Andrelton Simmons (23.9). - Fangraphs...Led NL shortstops in average (.281) and ranked sixth in hits (132)...Missed final 28 games due to left hamstring tightness... Began season by winning first career weekly award, earning NL Player of the Week honors for April 20-26. Batted .500 (12x24) with a double, a triple, a home run, and 10 RBI over that span...Batted .321 in April, the second-best monthly average of his career (min. 86 PA), behind a .324 mark in July 2013. Also, recorded a .303 average in August, good for third-best monthly average of career...Owned .305 AVG (94x308) when batting eighth, good for third in MLB; his 94 hits and 38 RBI from the eighth spot led the Majors...Had five games with three-plus RBI; had four such games for his career entering the season...Recorded first career walk-off hit on August 2 vs. San Diego, a three-run homer...On June 7 at Colorado, hit first career extra-inning home run (10th inning) to give Miami a 3-2 victory...Hit fourth home run of season on June 25 vs. St. Louis, marking new single-season high.
Was a National League ?nalist at shortstop for Rawlings ® Gold Glove award...Finished season with most multi-hit games among National League shortstops (44), while ranking third in both batting average (.276) and hits (148)...By contrast, at All-Star break, ranked just seventh among NL shortstops in hits. Led NL shortstops in hits in second half (67), and was fourth in batting average (.276)...For season, tied for most four-hit games (3) among MLB shortstops (also, Erick Aybar, Eduardo Escobar and Hanley Ramirez)...His 10 triples tied four other players for second MLB, trailing Dee Gordon (12)...Improved batting average from .227 in 2013 to .276 in 2014, and on-base percent-age from .267 to .308...According to Elias, had ?fth-largest increase in batting average from 2013 to 2014 (min. 502 PA each season), at +.049. Trailed only Justin Morneau (.060; .259/.319), Jose Altuve (.058; .283/.341), Anthony Rizzo (.053; .233/.286) and Alcides Escobar (.051; .234/.285)...Also according to Elias, increase in OBP (+.041) was eighth-highest in Majors...Began season with 11 hits in ?rst ?ve games...According to Elias, was only second player in last 10 seasons to have 11 hits at short-stop over team's ?rst ?ve games, joining Edgar Renteria for SF in 2010...Additionally, his 11 hits were second-most in Club history over team's ?rst ?ve games, behind Emilio Bonifacio in 2009 (14)...Set new career high with four hits on April 4 vs. SD, ?rst of three such games in 2014...After batting .255 (25x98) in May, was hitting at .286 clip for June (20x70) before a right triceps strain landed him on 15-day DL on June 25 (retro to June 21)
Completed campaign ranking third among all rookies in hits (123), trailing only Nolan Arenado (130) and J.B. Shuck (128). Was only rookie to reach 500 AB (543)... Only fifth rookie in Club history to record two grand slams, and only rookie to hit two GS in Majors in 2013... Hit first GS on May 5 at Philadelphia, and second on Sept. 4 at Cubs... On May 5 at Philadelphia, tied Club record (fourth time) for RBI in a single game, with seven. Had a bases-loaded triple in first inning to go with grand slam in third inning... Set a new National League record for RBI in a game by a Cuban player, and was one short of tying Jose Canseco's MLB record (6/13/94 at Seattle for Texas)... Owned 11 RBI with bases loaded, which tied Brad Miller and J.B. Shuck for third among rookies, behind Evan Gattis (15) and Wil Myers (12)... Led all rookies in triples (eight), and tied Alex Gonzalez (1999) for second-most in a rookie campaign in Club history, behind Hanley Ramirez (11 in 2006)... Finished season ranked seventh among National League shortstops in fielding percentage (.976; 613 TC/15 E)... Hit .324 in July, which ranked 14th in NL... Had career-best 11-game hitting streak from July 1-12, batting .442 (19x43) with four doubles and four RBI. Was third-best average in Majors over that span, behind Adrian Beltre and Kyle Seager (.452 each)... Had 15-day stint on disabled list from April 18 (retro to April 17) through May 2 with a right elbow contusion.
Split third professional season between Triple-A Las Vegas and Toronto, combining to hit .299 (170-for-569) with 88 runs scored, 28 doubles, six triples, eight home runs and 78 RBIs in 143 games...Began season with 51's, posting a six-game hitting streak, with five multihit games, batting .464 (13-for-28)...Of 78 games with at least one hit, 43 were multihit efforts...Recorded season-high four hits on April 20 at Salt Lake...Drove in season-best four runs on April 30 at Reno, going 2-for-4 with two runs and a home run...Equaled high on May 25 at Salt Lake in 2-for-5 effort...Two of six home runs with 51's came on July 2 at Reno, finishing day 3-for-5 with two runs, two home runs and two RBIs...Strung together 12-game hitting streak from June 5-20, batting .418 (23-for-55) with 13 runs scored, three doubles, one triple and nine RBIs...Scored at least one run in first eight games of streak, while recording eight games with two or more hits...Earned big league promotion on Aug. 4 and made ML debut that night at Oakland, going 0-for-3 with a walk...Appeared in 41 games in rookie season, splitting time at second base, third base and shortstop...Started 18 games at third, 13 at shortstop and eight at second...Collected first Major League hit on Aug. 7 at Tampa Bay off James Shields and recorded first home run on Aug. 28 at Yankees off Phil Hughes...In first 12 games collected only five hits in 32 at-bats for a .156 average, but turned around and hit .287 (27-for-94) over final 29 contests...Had 10-game hitting streak from Sept. 16-29, going 11-for-32 for a .344 average...In September, collected at least one hit in 20 of 22 contests and hit safely in 25 of final 29 games with an at-bat.
Spent the majority of the season in New Hampshire (AA) before moving to Las Vegas (AAA) to close out the campaign... MAKING AN IMPACT: Was named as the Best Defensive Shortstop in the Eastern League by league managers in a Baseball America poll... Made just 11 errors in 428 chances for a .974 fielding percentage... Earned a Mid Season and Post Season All-Star selections... BIG SPLITS: In New Hampshire batted .305 with an .887 OPS vs. left-handed picthing, however dropped to a .207 average with a .517 OPS vs. right-handed pitching... BIG CITY, BRIGHT LIGHTS: In his final 13 games at New Hampshire batted .375 (21-56) prior to being promoted to Las Vegas... Continued to hit upon his arrival in Vegas, posting a .389 average in his 25 games with the 51s... Collected hits in 22 of his 25 games, with 16 multi-hit efforts, including his first seven contests and nine out of 10.... Did most of his damage away from Las Vegas, batting .431 (31-72) with seven of his 10 extra base hits... FALL BALL: Played in the Arizoana Fall League, posting a .250 average with three doubles, four triples, one home run and eight RBI.
In his first professional season in North America, split time between Dunedin (A) and New Hampshire (AA)... DEBUT: Made his professional debut Apr. 25 at CLR as a pinch hitter and finished the game playing shortstop going 1-for-3 on the day... Recorded a hit in his first six contests and 15 of his first 17 games... STEPPIN' IT UP: Was promoted to New Hampshire (AA) June 28th and went on to hit .273 with the Fisher Cats with 11 doubles, a triple and three home runs in 61 games... Posted five, three-hit games and one, four-hit game in New Hampshire... Was sent to play in the Arizona Fall League but after two games he was shutdown for the season due to hamstring tightness.
2019 Stats 107 19 27 5 18 3 .252 .279 .728
Next NYM Game: 7-18 @ SF
Last 7 Games 14 5 6 1 3 0 2 0 .429 .429 .786
Last 15 Games 25 7 7 1 3 1 5 1 .280 .308 .480
Last 30 Games 67 12 18 2 10 1 12 2 .269 .279 .418
7/13 @ MIA 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
7/17 @ MIN 5 2 3 0 1 0 0 0
2019 Games by Position: 2B (21) 3B (4) SS (12)
Avg HR Distance (feet)
Avg Launch Angle (deg)
2019 Mets NL 111 85 86.7 376 7.0
MLB Avg - - - - 88.8 401 12.5
Adeiny Hechavarría Pitch Breakdown Catcher Perspective
Adeiny Hechavarría Base Hits Breakdown Catcher Perspective
Adeiny Hechavarría Home Run Breakdown Catcher Perspective
Adeiny Hechavarría Exit Velocity Catcher Perspective
NYM@MIN: Hechavarria plates a run with double to left
NYM@MIA: Hechavarria plates Cano on groundout
PHI@NYM: Hechavarria smacks a solo home run to right
5/25/2019 at 12:36 AM 5/25/2019 at 12:36 AM
Mets go homer-happy but can't top Detroit
NL Player of the Week
04/27/2015 Miami Marlins NL
Marlins Jeff Conine Award
2015 Miami Marlins NL
PCL Mid-Season All-Star
2012 Las Vegas 51s PCL
PCL Post-Season All-Star
2011 New Hampshire Fisher Cats EAS
EAS Post-Season All-Star
2017 1 16th in NL
2017 5 16th in
2015 6 8th in NL
2014 10 2nd in NL
Caught Stealing
2013 10 7th in NL
2016 155 18th in NL
May 3, 2019 New York Mets selected the contract of 2B Adeiny Hechavarria from Syracuse Mets.
February 18, 2019 New York Mets signed free agent SS Adeiny Hechavarria to a minor league contract and invited him to spring training.
February 18, 2019 SS Adeiny Hechavarria assigned to Syracuse Mets.
October 29, 2018 SS Adeiny Hechavarria elected free agency.
September 1, 2018 New York Yankees activated SS Adeiny Hechavarria.
August 31, 2018 Pittsburgh Pirates traded cash and SS Adeiny Hechavarria to New York Yankees for Future Considerations.
August 7, 2018 Pittsburgh Pirates activated SS Adeiny Hechavarria.
August 6, 2018 Tampa Bay Rays traded SS Adeiny Hechavarria and cash to Pittsburgh Pirates for RHP Matt Seelinger.
August 1, 2018 Tampa Bay Rays designated SS Adeiny Hechavarria for assignment.
June 17, 2018 Tampa Bay Rays activated SS Adeiny Hechavarria from the 10-day disabled list.
June 15, 2018 Tampa Bay Rays sent SS Adeiny Hechavarria on a rehab assignment to Durham Bulls.
June 11, 2018 Tampa Bay Rays sent SS Adeiny Hechavarria on a rehab assignment to Charlotte Stone Crabs.
May 19, 2018 Tampa Bay Rays placed SS Adeiny Hechavarria on the 10-day disabled list retroactive to May 18, 2018. Right hamstring strain.
June 26, 2017 Miami Marlins traded SS Adeiny Hechavarria to Tampa Bay Rays for CF Braxton Lee and RHP Ethan Clark.
June 19, 2017 Miami Marlins sent SS Adeiny Hechavarria on a rehab assignment to Jupiter Hammerheads.
June 16, 2017 Miami Marlins sent SS Adeiny Hechavarria on a rehab assignment to Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp.
May 10, 2017 Miami Marlins placed SS Adeiny Hechavarria on the 10-day disabled list. Right oblique strain.
April 20, 2017 Miami Marlins activated SS Adeiny Hechavarria from the 10-day disabled list.
April 18, 2017 Miami Marlins sent SS Adeiny Hechavarria on a rehab assignment to Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp.
April 17, 2017 Miami Marlins sent SS Adeiny Hechavarria on a rehab assignment to Jupiter Hammerheads.
April 9, 2017 Miami Marlins placed SS Adeiny Hechavarria on the 10-day disabled list. Left oblique strain.
July 6, 2014 Miami Marlins activated SS Adeiny Hechavarria from the 15-day disabled list.
July 4, 2014 Miami Marlins sent SS Adeiny Hechavarria on a rehab assignment to Jupiter Hammerheads.
June 25, 2014 Miami Marlins placed SS Adeiny Hechavarria on the 15-day disabled list retroactive to June 21, 2014. right triceps strain
May 2, 2013 Miami Marlins activated SS Adeiny Hechavarria from the 15-day disabled list.
April 18, 2013 Miami Marlins placed SS Adeiny Hechavarria on the 15-day disabled list retroactive to April 17, 2013. Right elbow contusion.
November 19, 2012 Miami Marlins traded 2B Emilio Bonifacio, C John Buck, LHP Mark Buehrle, RHP Josh Johnson and SS Jose Reyes to Toronto Blue Jays for RHP Henderson Alvarez, SS Yunel Escobar, SS Adeiny Hechavarria, C Jeff Mathis, RHP Anthony DeSclafani, CF Jake Marisnick and LHP Justin Nicolino.
August 26, 2012 Toronto Blue Jays recalled Adeiny Hechavarria from Las Vegas 51s.
August 25, 2012 Toronto Blue Jays optioned SS Adeiny Hechavarria to Las Vegas 51s.
August 4, 2012 Toronto Blue Jays recalled Adeiny Hechavarria from Las Vegas 51s.
March 14, 2012 Toronto Blue Jays optioned Adeiny Hechavarria to Las Vegas 51s.
September 29, 2011 Adeiny Hechavarria roster status changed by Toronto Blue Jays.
August 11, 2011 SS Adeiny Hechavarria assigned to Las Vegas 51s from New Hampshire Fisher Cats.
March 13, 2011 Toronto Blue Jays optioned Adeiny Hechavarria to New Hampshire Fisher Cats.
October 13, 2010 Adeiny Hechavarria roster status changed by Toronto Blue Jays.
August 31, 2010 Adeiny Hechavarria assigned to Peoria Javelinas.
June 30, 2010 Adeiny Hechavarria assigned to New Hampshire Fisher Cats from Dunedin Blue Jays.
May 14, 2010 Adeiny Hechavarria roster status changed by Dunedin Blue Jays.
April 13, 2010 Toronto Blue Jays signed free agent SS Adeiny Hechavarria.
April 13, 2010 Toronto Blue Jays optioned SS Adeiny Hechavarria to Dunedin Blue Jays.
April 13, 2010 Adeiny Hechavarria assigned to Dunedin Blue Jays from Toronto Blue Jays.


As I read this story from the Old Testament in 2 Kings 6:15 all the way through chapter 7, I asked the Lord if He would reveal to me the meaning and the mystery of the passage. Sure enough the Lord is good. He started showing me the symbolism of all the players in this picture that God drew for us.
These stories in the Bible are like looking at the Word of God with a microscope. You really have to take a close look. Some people reading this know the story and some do not. To be brief one morning the whole Syrian army was facing Elisha.
The Prophet believed that there was more power in God than an army. I think it very interesting that a whole army was trying to surround a man of God. The Devil is relentless.
He prayed and chariots of heaven became visible to His servant. God gave him affirmation in his trouble.
God still does this in our lives today. Elisha faced his enemy (the Syrians) and prayed. The Syrians became blind. He lead them into prayer before God so they would be able to see and their eyes were opened. A person of God will always pray for his or her enemies to see spiritually. A desire for them to be saved by the blood of Jesus Christ is more important than revenge.
When their eyes were opened of course there was panic. When Elisha was asked if they should be killed he said feed the Syrians and send them home.
I'm going to explain the symbolism of this in just a moment. They are freed and then they start to plot against Israel. They could have left the whole thing alone and marveled at the goodness and power of God but instead revenge and conquering was far more important to them.
It is amazing how hard the human heart can become. A little time elapsed between the goodness of God and the plot so they thought about this long and HARD. This to me speaks of man's free will. Give God glory or obey the Devil.
Their strategy was to cut off food supplies from Israel and starve them and then conquer them. For a while it did work but they did not factor in the power of God. A person or group that rejects God never really cares about the Word of God. They care about their selfish ambitions. It is interesting that God waited until Israel was desperate.
God had to do it this way for Him to accomplish His will. God had to explain through descriptive purposes the symbolism of a sinner that needs to be saved by the grace of God.
To make a long story short Jezebel and her son were going to kill Elisha. This was the perfect excuse to kill a man of God. Jezebel's son changed his mind out of fear (smart move) and Elisha prophesied that there would be an overabundance of food the next day.
The high court officer said he did not believe so I will go on to explain what he symbolizes in the story. The four lepers were so hungry that they risked their lives to go into the Syrian camp to be killed or get food.
It is interesting to me that God would not let them go until this part of the story. You see the lepers were now at a point where they could see their own wretchedness. There are other things about the timing of this story that might help you understand the sovereignty and grace of God. God can save people thought His Son Jesus Christ and spread the message of the Gospel.We as the Church refer to this as the Great Commission.
Nobody was in the Syrian camp. They ate food, told the gatekeeper, Israel sent a small group to check the situation out and it proved to be true.The masses of Israel rushed through the gates to eat the food in the Syrian camp. Israel went on to chase the army but the Syrians thought they were being attacked by thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots. What happened was God made it look like they were being attacked so in panic they ran.
Who are the players in this story and what do they represent or symbolize? There was Elisha, Jezebel, the four lepers, the high court officer who did not believe, the masses within Israel and the Syrian army. I believe each person or group has symbolic spiritual meaning attached to them. God does not just tell us an account in the Bible and leave it at that with no real understanding behind the story.
Elisha asked Elijah for a double anointing right before Elijah went on to be with the Lord. I really don't believe Elisha knew what he was asking for but it was granted to him. I do believe he misused it early in his ministry. He had a little bit of a temper but God molded him into one of the greatest servants that ever lived for Him. In this story he is a type of Jesus Christ.
The reason why I say Elisha is a type of Jesus Christ in this story is because he gave the Syrians their sight back and fed them and sent them home. Actually God gave them their sight back but you know what I mean. This is exactly what Romans 2: 4-5 says. "Or despisest thou the riches of His goodness and forbearance and longsuffering; not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance ( they were supposed to repent after experiencing the goodness of God in the midst of their evil but instead) (5) but after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up until thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God."
Player number 2 which would be the 4 lepers. This one might be pretty obvious. The 4 lepers were starving along with the entire country of Israel. There was a difference between the 4 lepers and the country. They made a decision to do something. Their logic went something like this..."We are starving.We can't continue living like this."
When they went into the Syrian camp they knew that they would either be killed or mercy would be bestowed upon them. This is very important. Notice they had to go into the camp by faith and faith alone. They could not walk into the village, flash their badges and say "You owe us three meals because we are the 4 lepers."
They realized their wretched condition and had to come in faith to receive grace." For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: (9) Not of works, lest any man should boast. Eph. 2: 8-9. Remember I said in the story the Syrian army had to flee because they thought they were being invaded. When the 4 lepers came by faith to receive grace there were no guards (no law).
The law has never saved anybody. In fact the Bible says..."For the letter killeth, but the Spirit giveth life." 2nd Cor. 3:6. They were saved through their faith by God's grace and then started to enjoy their salvation by eating the food and resting in the glories of luxury. The book of Ephesians in the Bible describes our inheritance in Jesus Christ. We cannot separate our salvation from our inheritance and neither could they.
They did go to the gatekeeper of Israel and of course this was a foreign message to them. Only a few went out to check the validity of the story. Remember the 4 lepers were testifying of their salvation and inheritance. One of the problems with Christian witnessing is sometimes we just testify of our salvation but that does not mean anything unless they see the inheritance along with the salvation. The inheritance is evidence of our redemption/salvation in Jesus Christ.
It was impossible for the 4 lepers to keep this great news to themselves. This represents the good news of the gospel through Jesus Christ. How can we keep this to ourselves?
Let's just call Jezebel player number 3. She was the Queen at that time. She worshipped Baal. She hated God and anyone that was associated with God, especially the leaders. She was notorious for this mindset.
In her life she tried to kill many people of God. She looked for excuses and weakness to kill anybody that was associated with the true Creator of the Universe. She sent an order to kill Elisha the Prophet of God when the people of Israel were starving. Jezebel was in a very exclusive category. Very rarely can anyone talk to a king or queen that is bent on destroying the people of God because of their own hatred. Both love and hate are powerful emotions but with hate you have to keep feeding it over and over.
The Syrian army represented a group that rejected God but as you will soon see they were in a different category. I believe Jezebel was even more evil than the Syrian army. She was in one of those rare classes of evil in a world all to her own.
Let us call the cynic (the High Court Officer then later the main Gatekeeper) player number 4. He did not believe Elisha's word from God and was later killed as the masses of Israel trampled over him.
He represents the average person that hears the Word of God but rejects it. He or she does not want to hurt anybody but eventually it is inevitable that this particular individual will get trampled on because even though he was a good law abiding citizen that tried his best to enforce the law, he rejected the Word of God. By doing that he was in essence saying I don't want anything to do with God but also placed himself under the judgment of God.
I would say this person symbolizes a person trying to get to Heaven on their own merit. Usually it is very difficult for this person to be humble because after all they are obeying the law. They do not usually want to hear about God's grace and mercy because they generally speaking struggle with pride. Anybody that reads the Epistles of the New Testament would understand that this is impossible because James 2:10 states, "For whosever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all."
Let us call the masses of Israel player or group number 5. When the 4 lepers approached Israel with their salvation and inheritance you have to understand that they were starving. This symbolizes a person's sin condition in need of a Savior.
When a group hears a foreign message usually there is skepticism at first.That is exactly what happened. A small group investigated the validity of this salvation and inheritance. They did not want to just hear the word of God but wanted to see the power behind it." For I am not ashamed of the Gospel, because it is the power of God for the Salvation of everyone who believes"..., Romans 1:16.
Israel knew their plight. They were starving. This was manifested in them but they had to be shown. "Because that which may be known is manifest in them; for God hath shown it unto them." Romans 1:19. They had nothing to lose and everything to gain and that is what this salvation/inheritance is all about in Jesus Christ.
When they found out the Good News there was a stampede to the food ( salvation; inheritance). This speaks of revival. Mini revivals are taking place in small pockets around the world. This also has undertones of Israel in the future 7 year Tribulation period which we believe is close at hand. Romans 11 speaks of Israel's future. It describes them as eventually recognizing their true Messiah Jesus Christ through a time period called Jacob's Trouble. Jer. 30:7.
Maybe we could call the Syrian army player or group number 6. God allowed them to taste of the goodness of God through Elisha. They received their sight, they ate good food and they thought about this goodness of God in their own homes which I believe is significant because it speaks of no pressure or Madison Avenue techniques. The fact that they thought about it for a while to me speaks and points directly to the free will.
Their plot was physical manifested evidence of their rejection of a good God. It is very interesting to me that all they could do at this point was make Israel suffer after this choice they made. That is why we have to be careful of the choices we make. On a downward spiral of sin it just keeps getting worse and worse.
What happened to them? In the end they were befuddled, confused and ran away in fear making it almost impossible for them to receive and accept the truth of God. This group represents a Babylonian system of sin that has rejected God. It is very difficult for a person in this system to step out of Babylon and desire the truth of the word of God. It is the rare individual in this group that comes to know Jesus Christ as his or her personal Savior and Lord.
When I look at many of these religions today that are against Jesus Christ and don't teach the truth and testify of the Word of God properly and accurately I can honestly say only a handful leave (if they are even able) to be a true testifier of that false religion as being against Scriptural teachings. When they testify of Jesus Christ it is usually an incredible testimony.
Are you in any of these groups? If you are a Christian and see things around you in the physical realm always remember there is something behind something. There is a reason why all of these things are in our sight. It is our job to go before God and ask Him to reveal what they truly mean and symbolize. God will give us the answer if we are patient before Him.
If you are an unbeliever Jesus said..."I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life; no man cometh unto the Father, but by Me. John 14:6. Jesus Christ offers mankind the Good News of the Gospel by simply accepting Him into your heart as your personal Savior and Lord." For God so loved the World, that He gave His Only Begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in Him should not perish but have everlasting life." John 3:16.


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Sam Rae, Sturtz and The Bergamot at Roots Music Project
Friday, April 15, 2022 @ 8:00PM Fri, Apr 15, 2022 @ 8:00PM
Roots Music Project, Boulder, CO
Join us for an evening with The Bergamot, Sturtz, and Sam Rae. It's springtime in Boulder. Why not fall in love again?
About this event: Doors 7pm / Show 8pm All ages. Cash Bar.
ABOUT THE BERGAMOT "The hottest emerging music talent"- People "A sound the indie world has been waiting for."- Atwood Magazine The Bergamot Emmy Award Winners for "Trailblazer: The Bergamot" by Grotto Network" National touring act, The Bergamot has been described as "the dreamy indie-pop duo you have been waiting for". The duo is known for its songwriting, uplifting music, and entertaining shows. Their sound is often compared to Of Monsters and Men, Benjamin Gibbard, and Mac Demarco.
ABOUT STRUTZ The acoustic quartet – Andrew Sturtz [vocals, guitar], Jim Herlihy [banjo], Courtlyn Carpenter [cello], and Will Kuepper [bass] – falls somewhere at the intersection of folk and soul, with lead singer Andrew Sturtz's melodic vocals soaring over the lower string instrumentals. Sturtz is based in Boulder, CO, making appearances at venues like eTown in Boulder, CO, the Belly Up in Aspen, CO, and the Mishawaka Amphitheater in Bellvue, CO. The band was featured on NPR's All Songs Considered in 2020 and released their first full-length album in August 2021.
ABOUT SAM RAE Charleston based singer-songwriter and former Boulder native, Sam Rae (they/them), blends their roots in classical cello and looping with the traditional landscape of Americana music. With hauntingly deliberate vocals, Sam Rae unveils rich personal narratives that tap into something that is innately shared between themselves and the audience. With their approachable style of songwriting on guitar and a sultry alto vocal that paint landscapes of the human experience, former cellist for Brandi Carlile, Sam Rae takes their audience to another dimension using carefully written Americana tunes entwined with psychedelic cello loops.
ABOUT ROOTS MUSIC PROJECT Roots Music Project is a non-profit local music incubator based in Boulder, Colorado. We believe in the power of music to make the world a better place. All music starts locally. We empower artists, fans, and venues to connect and create a thriving and inspiring local music scene. Doors 7pm / Show 8pm All ages. Cash Bar.


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Robert Medina
robert.medina-garcia@lw.com
Entertainment, Sports & Media
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Robert Medina is an associate in the Los Angeles office of Latham & Watkins and a member of the firm's Litigation & Trial Department. Mr. Medina represents clients in a variety of high-stakes matters, including prosecution and defense of large-scale commercial disputes. Mr. Medina has significant experience in all aspects of civil litigation at the trial and appellate level, including arguing motions, drafting and defending against motions, taking depositions, managing large-scale document productions, assisting with fact discovery, and preparing for trial. Mr. Medina has also conducted numerous internal investigations and represented clients in government regulatory actions. Mr. Medina maintains an active and dedicated pro bono practice, focusing on immigration and homelessness.
Mr. Medina received his JD from Stanford Law School, graduating with pro bono distinction. Mr. Medina served as the professional development chair of the Stanford Latino Law Students Association and as the Diversity & Inclusion co-chair of the Stanford Law Association.
Mr. Medina's primary practice groups include Entertainment, Sports & Media and Complex Commercial Litigation.
Mr. Medina's recent representations include:
Complex Commercial Litigation and Trials
A producer of plant-based meat substitutes in a trade secret and contract dispute with its former co-manufacturer
A semiconductor developer in a proof of claim dispute
An energy provider in securities and derivative lawsuits related to the 2017 and 2018 Northern California wildfires
Entertainment, Sports, and Media
A talent and literary agency in an employment, tort, and contract action
An NHL team in an arbitration before the NHL Commissioner arising out of an employment dispute with the team's former General Manager
A London-based reinsurance broker in a Foreign Corrupt Practices Act investigation by the Department of Justice
A health care software developer in a False Claims Act investigation by the Department of Justice
A Colombia-based big four accounting firm in an investigation by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
Bar Qualification
JD, Stanford University Law School, 2019
BA in Political Science, University of California, Los Angeles, 2016
Complex Commercial Litigation /
Litigation & Trial