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71st – Whitney Biennial and Art Fairs
By atlasnewsletter, March 7, 2014
David Diao, Home Again, 2013. Acrylic and oil on canvas
Collection of the artist; courtesy Postmasters Gallery, New York.
Copyright David Diao.
This week is a busy one for art writers with Art Fairs abound and the Whitney Biennial (That greatest of art world punching bags) opening to Press, VIPs and eventually regular people. Since I am not on the beat, but rather part of the machine, I can only weigh in briefly. This week I am going to give you an easy recap of what has been said about the Biennial so far and just a few cursory remarks about the art fairs.
Whitney Biennial
Here you will find the voluble, venerable and plenty in-between. I will do a Whitney Biennial issue soon.
Andrew Russeth at Gallerist: "This year's biennial is not a disaster, but neither is it anything close to a success. It is deeply dissatisfying—a wunderkammer-like, all-over-the-place show that offers some remarkable pleasures and far too many enervating frustrations. It pulls you in not three, but dozens of different directions, plenty of which are dead ends. The quality of the art is dramatically uneven, the tone uncertain."
Jerry Saltz at NYMag "Much of the rest of the show (after Michelle Grabner's floor) is a nebulous tasting-menu mess that exudes an inert elegiac air.
Jillian Steinhauer at Hyperallergic "The 2014 Whitney Biennial has many things: oversized ceramics, big abstract and figurative paintings, experimental jazz, videos of people having sex, and bead curtains. What it doesn't have all that much of is politics. "The 2014 Whitney Biennial has many things: oversized ceramics, big abstract and figurative paintings, experimental jazz, videos of people having sex, and bead curtains. What it doesn't have all that much of is politics."
Holland Cotter at NYTimes "The result is a large, three-tiered cake of a show, mostly vanilla, but laced with threads of darker, sharper flavor, and with a lot of frosting on top."
Jack Whitten, Beta Group, 1976
ADAA Art Show and The Armory Show
As far as the fairs, I can say the ADAA Art Show is doing great job of being a stodgy old museum quality show while taking a few small chances. There is a mostly understated feel to this fair that allows you to truly enjoy both the bluest of chip and relatively unknown. Though I wish I had more time, My eye focused in on the intimate solo booths like James Castle at Peter Freeman, Tonico Lemos Auad at CRG Gallery, Jack Whitten at Alexander Gray Associates and Sol LeWitt (can't help myself) at Rhona Hoffman. Monochromes came in black 50 year old works on paper Ad Reinhardt and white (or possible linen) 2014 Jacob Kassay. Still the lack of massive and shiny art sets it apart from the Armory show.
Though I have only seen the Armory show during installation hours, it was clearly ready to be full of showiest, shiniest and biggest. I loved some things and cannot wait to see some of them again. The only place where my enjoyment and the showiness intersected (the saddest Venn Diagram I could imagine) is at Jack Shainman's booth. As much as I disliked how packed to the rafters it was, I loved nearly everything he had to show. Nick Cave soundsuits continue to carry the allure that so few showy shiny contemporary art does. Elena Del Rivero at Elvira Gonzalez, David Diao at Postmasters booth, everything at Sao Paolo's Nara Roesler left me wanting more time and certainly more money.
Tonico Lemos Auad at CRG Gallery
Art fairs are forever this infuriating mix of great and awful, smashed together, shaken and stirred. If you can leave with a better sense of your taste and what you're willing to allow into your aesthetic vision of the world, it's probably worth more than the VIP tote bag.
-Jeff Bergman March, 2014
Tagged: Ad Reinhardt, ADAA, Alexander Gray Associates, CRG Gallery, david diao, Elena Del Rivero, Elvira Gonzalez, Jack Whitten, James Castle at Peter Freeman, Nara Roesler, postmasters, Sol LeWitt, The Armory Show, Tonico Lemos Auad
72nd – Pharrell vs Jay-Z
70th – Harvey Quaytman


A study of more than 1 million pregnancies in Finland reports that elevated levels of a metabolite of the banned insecticide DDT in the blood of pregnant women are linked to increased risk for autism in the offspring. An international research team led by investigators at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health and the Department of Psychiatry published these results in the American Journal of Psychiatry. The study, conducted in collaboration with investigators at the University of Turku and the National Institute of Health and Welfare in Finland, is the first to connect an insecticide with risk for autism using maternal biomarkers of exposure.
The investigators found the odds of autism with intellectual disability in offspring were increased by greater than twofold for the mother's DDE levels in the top quartile.
For the overall sample of autism cases, the odds were nearly one-third higher among offspring exposed to elevated maternal DDE levels. The findings persisted after adjusting for several confounding factors such as maternal age and psychiatric history. There was no association between maternal PCBs and autism.
While DDT and PCBs were widely banned in many nations over 30 years ago, including the U.S. and Finland, they persist in the food chain because their breakdown occurs very slowly, as long as several decades, resulting in continuing exposure to populations.
These chemicals are transferred across the placenta in concentrations greater than those seen in the mother's blood.


Est 1793 - 1874 (~ 81 years) Has 2 ancestors but no descendants in this family tree.
Living with Ellen Sanigear aged 36 and a child Ferdinand H Swynfin age 10. Is Ellen his daughter or his second wife? He was married just months before the census was taken so I am inclined to think Ellen is his wife.
Lydia is identified as from "St Botolph's Aldersgate London"
[S301] London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, (ancestry.com).
[S91] Ancestry.com, (Ancestry.com), 1841 England Census.
[S91] Ancestry.com, (Ancestry.com), 1851 England Census Class: HO107; Piece: 1499; Folio: 268; Page: 8; GSU roll: 87832.
[S352] Census England 7 Apr 1861, (Ancestry.com).
[S530] UK City and County Directories 1766-1946, (Ancestry.com).
[S148] FreeBMD Death Index: 1837-1983, Vol 1d p378.
[S531] UK, Burial and Cremation Index, 1576-2014, (Ancestry.com).
[S302] England & Wales Probate Calendar, (ancestry.com).
[S223] Pallot's Marriage Index: 1780-1837.
[S135] England and Wales FreeBMD.
[S117] Census England 30 Mar 1881, (Ancestry.com).


Foundwaves only accepts unsolicited submissions in limited situations. For more detail visit our submissions page.
Foundwaves exists thanks to all of our contributors and the generosity of 360Works , Troi, Tribulant, MBS Plugins, and myFMButler. Special thanks to QuestionPro for providing their excellent survey software.


Blacks were promised freedom from both the American and British sides. However, both sides fell short on the freedom issue after the War. The American side won the War but was out of resources. The British side lost the War but was rich in resources. Neither situation turned out to be very helpful to the Blacks in a comprehensive way. Having said that though, several thousand slaves won their freedom by serving on both sides of the War of Independence. As a result of the Revolution, a surprising number of slaves were freed (manumitted), while thousands of others freed themselves by running away in the turmoil of the War. In Georgia alone, 5000 slaves, a third of the colony's prewar total, escaped. In South Carolina, a quarter of the slaves achieved freedom.
Widespread talk of liberty gave thousands of slaves high expectations, and many were ready to fight for a democratic revolution that might offer them freedom. In 1775 at least 10 to 15 black soldiers, including some slaves, fought against the British at the battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill. Two of these men, Salem Poor and Peter Salem, earned special distinction for their bravery. By 1776, however, it had become clear that the revolutionary rhetoric of the founding fathers did not include enslaved blacks. The Declaration of Independence promised liberty for all men but failed to put an end to slavery; and although they had proved themselves in battle, the Continental Congress adopted a policy of excluding black soldiers from the army.
In spite of these discouragements, many free and enslaved African Americans in New England were willing to take up arms against the British. As soon states found it increasingly difficult to fill their enlistment quotas, they began to turn to this untapped pool of manpower. Eventually every state above the Potomac River recruited slaves for military service, usually in exchange for their freedom. By the end of the war from 5,000 to 8,000 blacks had served the American cause in some capacity, either on the battlefield, behind the lines in noncombatant roles, or on the seas. By 1777 some states began enacting laws that encouraged white owners to give slaves for the army in return for their enlistment bounty, or allowing masters to use slaves as substitutes when they or their sons were drafted. In the south the idea of arming slaves for military service met with such opposition that only free blacks were normally allowed to enlist in the army.
Six years after the end of the American Revolution the heroism of black soldiers was not rewarded in the U.S. Constitution. The Declaration of Independence was signed July 4, 1776 and the U.S. Constitution was signed June 21, 1788. October 19, 1781 was the day the British surrendered in the American Revolution.
The word "slave" does not appear in the Constitution. The framers added protections TO SLAVERY, not AGAINST SLAVERY. The Constitution prohibited Congress from outlawing the Atlantic slave trade for twenty years. A fugitive slave clause required the return of runaway slaves to their owners. The Constitution gave the federal government the power to put down domestic rebellions, including slave insurrections.
It would not be until 1865 that amendments were started to be added to the Constitution which granted freedom for blacks. The 13th Amendment freed all enslaved people in the United States. The 14th amendment gave them full citizenship, and the 15th Amendment granted black men the right to vote.
Of the 55 Convention delegates, about 25 owned slaves. Many of the framers harbored moral qualms about slavery. Some, including Benjamin Franklin (a former slave owner) and Alexander Hamilton (who was born in a slave colony in the British West Indies) became members of antislavery societies.
The First Rhode Island Regiment.
Governor Dunmore's proclamation, reproduced above, offered liberty to male slaves of rebels if they fought their masters.
Governor Dunmore promised freedom for male slaves of rebels who joined British forces, but the offer secured lasting liberty for few. From left, Emily James, Hope Smith, Janine Harris, and Greg James debate the risks and promises of Dunmore's proclamation.
Left to right, Jason Gordon, Richard Josey, with a copy of Dunmore's proclamation, and Willie Wright approach a redcoat, here Stuart Pittman, to join the British forces and gain freedom. The prospect of enslaved blacks fighting slaveholders was meant to frighten colonists.


text:
2008 [Methods in Molecular Biology] SARS- and Other Coronaviruses Volume 454 __ Isolation and Propagation of Coronavirus (PDF)
2008 • 9 Pages • 381.44 KB • English
+ Biology + COVID-19
Posted December 22, 2020 • Submitted by Superman
Summary of 2008 [Methods in Molecular Biology] SARS- and Other Coronaviruses Volume 454 __ Isolation and Propagation of Coronavirus
10 Isolation and Propagation of Coronaviruses in Embryonated Eggs James S. Guy Abstract The embryonated egg is a complex structure comprising an embryo and its supporting membranes (chorioallantoic, amniotic, yolk). The developing embryo and its membranes provide the diversity of cell types that are needed for successful replication of a wide vari- ety of different viruses. Within the family Coronaviridae, the embryonated egg has been used as a host system primarily for two group 3 coronaviruses, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and turkey coronavirus (TCoV), but it also has been shown to be suitable for pheas- ant coronavirus. IBV replicates well in the embryonated chicken egg, regardless of the inoculation route; however, the allantoic route is favored as the virus replicates extensively in chorioallantoic membrane and high titers are found in allantoic fluid. TCoV replicates only in embryo tissues, within epithelium of the intestines and bursa of Fabricius; thus amniotic inoculation is required for isolation and propagation of this virus. Embryonated eggs also provide a potential host system for studies aimed at identifying other, novel coronavirus species. Key words: embryonated egg; allantoic; amniotic; chicken; turkey; isolation; propagation; diagnosis; detection. 1. Introduction Embryonated eggs are utilized as a laboratory host system for primary iso- lation and propagation of a variety of different viruses, including the group 3 coronaviruses, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), turkey coronavirus (TCoV), and pheasant coronavirus (1,2,3,4). They have been extensively utilized for propagation of these viruses for research purposes and, in the case of IBV, for From: Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 454: SARS- and Other Coronaviruses, 109 Edited by: D. Cavanagh, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-181-9 C⃝ Humana Press, New York, NY 10, 110 Guy commercial production of vaccines. In addition, embryonated eggs provide a potential host system for studies aimed at identifying other, novel coronavirus species. The embryonated egg comprises the developing embryo and several support- ing membranes that enclose cavities or "sacs" within the egg (5). The shell mem- brane lies immediately beneath the shell; this is a tough fibrinous membrane that forms the air sac in the blunt end of the egg. In contrast to the shell membrane, chorioallantoic, amniotic, and yolk membranes comprise largely epithelium and represent potential sites of coronaviral replication. The chorioallantoic mem- brane (CAM) lies directly beneath the shell membrane; this is a highly vascular membrane that serves as the respiratory organ of the embryo. The CAM is the largest of the embryo membranes, and it encloses the largest cavity within the egg, the allantoic cavity; in the embryonated chicken egg, this cavity contains approximately 5–10 ml of fluid, depending upon the stage of embryonation. The amniotic membrane encloses the embryo and forms the amniotic cavity; in the embryonated chicken egg, this cavity contains approximately 1 ml of fluid. The yolk sac is attached to the embryo and contains the nutrients the embryo utilizes during development. The developing embryo and its membranes (CAM, amniotic, yolk) provide the diversity of cell types that are needed for successful replication of a wide variety of different viruses. Embryonated eggs may be inoculated by depositing virus directly onto the CAM, or by depositing virus within allantoic, amniotic, and yolk sacs (6). For group 3 coronaviruses, inoculation of eggs by allantoic or amniotic routes has been shown to provide these viruses with access to specific cell types that support their replication (2– 4). IBV replicates in a variety of epithelial surfaces of the chicken including the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and oviduct (7). In the embryonated chicken egg, IBV replicates well regardless of inoculation route; however, the allantoic route is favored as the virus replicates extensively in epithelium of the CAM and high titers are shed into allantoic fluid (8). A pheasant coronavirus has been isolated and propa- gated in embryonated chicken eggs using procedures similar to those utilized for IBV (allantoic route inoculation) (3). In contrast, TCoV is an enterotropic virus that replicates only in intestinal epithelium and bursa of Fabricius of chickens and turkeys (1,4,9). The enterotropic nature of TCoV is also observed in the embryonated egg; the virus replicates only in embryonic intestines and bursa of Fabricius, sites that are reached only via amniotic inoculation. 2. Materials 2.1. Collection of Samples for Egg Inoculation 1. Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotics (penicillin [1000 U/ml], gentamicin Isolation of Coronaviruses in Embryonated Eggs 111 [0.05 mg/ml], amphotericin B [5 �g/ml]). Adjust pH to 7.0–7.4. Tryptose phos- phate broth and other cell culture basal media (minimal essential medium, RPMI 1640, etc.) may be substituted for DMEM. 2. Sterile cotton-tipped swabs are used for collection of antemortem samples (e.g., respiratory secretions, feces, etc.) from older birds. Type 4 Calgiswabs (Puritan Medical Products) are preferred for young birds. 3. Sterile WhirlpakR bags (Fisher Scientific) are used for the collection of tissues. 2.2. Egg Inoculation and Incubation 1. Fertile eggs are obtained, preferably from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) flocks (Charles River/SPAFAS). Alternatively, fertile eggs may be used that are from healthy flocks that are free of antibody to the virus of interest (see Note 1). 2. Disinfectant: 70% ethanol containing 3.5% iodine and 1.5% sodium iodide. 3. A vibrating engraver (Fisher Scientific) or drill (Dremel) is used to prepare holes in the egg shells. Prior to use, disinfect the tip of the engraving tool/drill to prevent contamination of the egg. 4. Plastic cement, glue, tape, or nail varnish are used to seal holes in the egg shells after inoculation. 5. Egg candlers are available from a variety of commercial sources. 6. A suitable egg incubator is needed; these are available from a variety of commer- cial sources. Commercially available egg incubators generally are equipped with a heat source, a humidifier, and a timer-based, mechanical turning system. 2.3. Collection of Specimens from Inoculated Eggs 1. Sterile scissors and forceps. 2. Sterile pipettes or 5-ml syringes with 1-in., 18-gauge needles. 3. Sterile plastic tubes; 12 × 75-mm snap-cap tubes or microcentrifuge tubes. 3. Methods Embryonated chicken and turkey eggs are extensively utilized for isolation and propagation of IBV and TCoV, respectively (2,4). These same eggs and techniques may be useful for amplification of other coronaviruses, and this has been demonstrated with isolation and propagation of pheasant coronavirus in embryonated chicken eggs (3). Embryonated eggs of other avian species may be utilized; these are inoculated essentially as described for chicken and turkey eggs, primarily by making adjustments in the length of time embryos are incu- bated before inoculation. Embryonated chicken eggs are inoculated by the allan- toic route at approximately the middle of the 21-day embryonation period, at 8–10 days of embryonation; they are inoculated by the amniotic route late in the incubation period, at 14–16 days of embryonation. Turkey and duck eggs have a 112 Guy 28–day embryonation period and generally are inoculated by the allantoic route at 11–14 days of embryonation, and by the amniotic route at 18–22 days of embryonation. Embryonated eggs are incubated at a temperature of 38◦–39◦C with a rela- tive humidity of 83–87%. They should be turned several times a day to ensure proper embryo development and to prevent development of adhesions between the embryo and its membranes. Fertile eggs may be stored for brief periods with minimal loss of viability (10). Ideally, fertile eggs are stored at a temperature of 19◦C with a relative humidity of approximately 70%. Alternatively, eggs may be stored at room temperature, but these should be tilted at 45◦, and daily alternated from side to side to minimize loss of embryo viability. Methods for detection of coronaviruses in inoculated embryonated eggs include electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedures (2,4,11,12). Electron microscopy is a particularly useful tool as this method depends solely on mor- phologic identification of the virus and does not require specific reagents (13). The characteristic electron microscopic morphology of coronaviruses allows their presumptive identification in embryonic fluids (e.g., allantoic fluid) or embryo intestinal contents. A variety of immunohistochemical and RT-PCR pro- cedures has been developed for detection of coronaviruses. These same proce- dures may be useful for detection of novel coronaviruses owing to antigenic and genomic similarities among coronaviruses, particularly those within the same antigenic group (2,4,9,11,12,14–16). 3.1. Collection of Samples for Egg Inoculation 1. Place swabs used to collect clinical samples such as respiratory secretions and feces into 2–3 ml of DMEM supplemented with FBS and antibiotics. 2. Collect tissues using an aseptic technique and place in clean, tightly sealed bags (Whirlpak bags). 3. Chill clinical samples immediately after collection and transport them to the lab- oratory with minimal delay. Samples may be shipped on ice, dry ice, or with commercially available cold packs (see Note 2). 3.2. Preparation of Samples for Egg Inoculation 1. Use a vortex mixer to expel material from swabs; then remove and discard the swab. Clarify by centrifugation (1000–2000 × g for 10 min) in a refrigerated centrifuge. Filter, if needed, through a 0.45-�m filter, and store at –70◦C (see Note 3). 2. Prepare tissues and feces as 10–20% suspensions in DMEM supplemented with FBS and antibiotics. Homogenize tissues using a mortar and pestle, Ten Broeck homogenizer, or StomacherR (Fisher). Clarify tissue and fecal suspensions by Isolation of Coronaviruses in Embryonated Eggs 113 centrifugation (1000–2000 × g for 10 min) in a refrigerated centrifuge; this removes cellular debris and most bacteria. Filter, if needed, through a 0.45-�m filter, and store at –70◦C (see Note 3). 3.3. Allantoic Sac Inoculation 1. Embryonated chicken eggs at 8–10 days of embryonation are commonly used; eggs from other avian species may be used by making adjustments in the ages at which embryos are inoculated. Turkey and duck eggs (28-day embryonation period) are generally inoculated by this route at 11–14 days of embryonation. 2. Place eggs in an egg flat with the air cell up. Candle eggs to ensure viability and mark the edge of the air cell using a pencil. 3. Disinfect the area marked on the shell and drill a small hole just above the mark so that the hole penetrates the air cell, but not the portion of the egg below it. 4. A 1-ml syringe with a 25-gauge, 0.5-in. (12-mm) needle is used to inoculate the eggs. Insert the needle up to the hub while holding the syringe vertically and inject 0.1–0.3 ml of inoculum into the allantoic cavity. 5. Seal the holes and return the eggs to the incubator. 6. Incubate the eggs for 3–7 days. 7. Evaluate the embryos and the allantoic fluid for presence of virus as described below. 3.4. Amniotic Sac Inoculation (Method A) 1. Fertile embryonated eggs are inoculated late in the incubation period. Chicken eggs are inoculated at 14–16 days of embryonation; turkey and duck eggs are inoculated at 18–22 days of embryonation. 2. Candle eggs to ensure embryo viability. Place eggs in an egg flat with the air cell up. Disinfect the shell at the top of the egg, over the center of the air cell. Drill a small hole through the shell at the center of air cell using a vibrating engraver. 3. Use a 1-ml syringe with a 22-gauge, 1.5-in. (38-mm) needle to inoculate chicken, duck, and turkey embryos. Insert the needle up to the hub while holding the syringe vertically and inject 0.1–0.2 ml of inoculum into the amniotic cavity (see Note 4). 4. Seal the holes and return the eggs to the incubator. 5. Inoculated embryos are generally examined for the presence of the virus after incubation for 2–5 days. 6. Evaluate the inoculated embryos for the presence of the virus as described below. 3.5. Amniotic Sac Inoculation (Method B) 1. Fertile embryonated chicken eggs are inoculated, as above, at 14–16 days of embryonation; turkey and duck eggs at 18–22 days of embryonation. Candle the eggs and mark the general location of the embryo (see Note 5). 114 Guy 2. Place eggs in an egg flat with the air cell up. Disinfect the shell at the top of the egg, over the center of the air cell. Drill a small hole through the shell at the center of the air cell. 3. Use a 1-ml syringe with a 22-gauge, 1.5-in. (38-mm) needle to inoculate chicken, duck, and turkey embryos. Inoculate the eggs in a darkened room, as the embryo must be visualized for this method of amniotic inoculation. Hold the egg against an egg candler and insert the needle into the egg and toward the shadow of the embryo. As the tip of the needle approaches the embryo, a quick stab is used to penetrate the amniotic sac. Penetration of the amniotic sac may be verified by moving the needle sideways; the embryo should move as the needle moves (see Note 4). 4. Seal the holes and return the eggs to the incubator. 5. Inoculated embryos are generally examined for the presence of the virus after incubation for 2–5 days. 3.6. Collection of Allantoic Fluid from Eggs Inoculated by the Allantoic Route 1. Candle eggs once daily after inoculation. Discard all eggs with embryos that die within the first 24 h after inoculation (see Note 6). 2. Collect allantoic fluid from all the eggs with embryos that die more than 24 h after inoculation and from eggs with embryos that survive through the specified incu- bation period. Eggs with live embryos following the specified incubation period are refrigerated for at least 4 h, or overnight, prior to collection of allantoic fluid (see Note 7). 3. Place eggs in an egg flat with the air cell up. Disinfect the portion of the egg shell that covers the air cell, and use sterile forceps or fine scissors to crack and remove the egg shell over the air cell. 4. Use forceps to gently dissect through the shell membrane and CAM to expose the allantoic fluid. Use forceps to depress the membranes within the allantoic cavity so that allantoic fluid pools around the tip of the forceps. Use a pipette or syringe with a needle to aspirate the fluid. Place fluid in sterile 12 × 75-mm snap-cap tubes or other vials. Store at –70◦C. 5. Examine the allantoic fluid for the presence of coronavirus using electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, or RT-PCR (see Note 8). 3.7. Collection of Embryo Tissues from Eggs Inoculated by the Amniotic Route 1. Candle eggs once daily after inoculation. Discard all eggs with embryos that die within the first 24 h after inoculation (see Note 6). 2. Examine all eggs with embryos that die more than 24 h after inoculation and eggs with embryos that survive through the specified incubation period (see Note 9). Isolation of Coronaviruses in Embryonated Eggs 115 3. Euthanize embryos by placing eggs in a plastic bag or plastic bucket filled with carbon dioxide gas, or refrigerate (4◦C) overnight. Alternatively, embryos may be euthanized by cervical dislocation upon removal from the eggs using the han- dles of a pair of scissors (see Note 10). 4. Place eggs in an egg flat with the air cell up. Disinfect the portion of the egg shell that covers the air cell, and use sterile forceps or fine scissors to crack and remove the egg shell over the air cell. 5. Use forceps to dissect through the shell membrane and CAM. 6. Grasp the embryo with sterile forceps and gently remove it from the egg. 7. Remove selected tissues and/or intestinal contents from the embryo for coronavirus detection using electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry,, or RT-PCR. 4. Notes 1. Fertile eggs from non-SPF flocks may be used; however, the presence of anti- bodies may interfere with isolation and propagation, and the presence of egg- transmitted infectious agents may result in contamination of any viruses obtained with these eggs. 2. If dry ice is use, samples must be placed in tightly sealed containers to prevent inactivation of viruses from released carbon dioxide. 3. The supernatant fluid should be filtered if the specimen is feces or other sample that is probably contaminated with high concentrations of bacteria. Filtration of samples will reduce virus titer, and should be used only when necessary. 4. The accuracy of delivering an inoculum into the amniotic sac using this method may be checked by injecting a dye such as crystal violet (0.2% crystal violet in 95% ethanol), then opening the eggs and determining the site of dye deposition. 5. The principal disadvantage of method B is the difficulty of visualizing the embryo, particularly in embryonated eggs having a dark shell color (e.g., turkey eggs, brown chicken eggs). 6. Embryo deaths that occur less than 24 h after inoculation are generally due to bacterial contamination, toxicity of the inoculum, or injury. 7. Refrigeration kills the embryo and causes the blood to clot. This prevents con- tamination of allantoic fluid with blood. 8. Multiple passages in embryonated eggs may be necessary for initial isolation of coronaviruses; allantoic fluid is used as inoculum for passages. Embryos at each passage should be evaluated for gross lesions. For IBV, embryo-lethal strains generally result in embryos with cutaneous hemorrhage; non-embryo- lethal strains result in stunting, curling, clubbing of down, or urate deposits in the mesonephros of the kidney. Virus replication in embryonated eggs may not be associated with readily detectable embryo lesions. 9. TCoV rarely results in embryo mortality; for this virus only those eggs with live embryos following the specified incubation period are examined. The possibility of embryo-lethal viruses should not be overlooked. 116 Guy 10. The method of euthanasia employed will depend upon the method used to detect virus in inoculated embryos. Fresh tissues are required if immunohistochemistry is to be employed; for this, embryos should be euthanized by cervical dislocation or exposed briefly to carbon dioxide gas. References 1. Adams, N. R., and Hofstad, M. S. (1970) Isolation of transmissible enteritis agent of turkeys in avian embryos Avian Dis. 15, 426–433. 2. Cavanagh, D., and Naqi, S. A. (2003) Infectious bronchitis. In: Saif, Y. M., Barnes, H. J., Fadly, A., Glisson J. R., McDougald, L.R., and Swayne, D. E. (eds.) Diseases of Poultry, 11th Ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, pp. 101–120. 3. Gough, R. E., Cox, W. J., Winkler, C. E., Sharp, M. W., and Spackman, D. (1996) Isolation and identification of infectious bronchitis virus from pheasants Vet. Rec. 138, 208–209. 4. Guy, J. S. (2003) Turkey coronavirus enteritis. In: Saif, Y. M., Barnes, H. J., Fadly, A., Glisson, J. R., McDougald, L. R., and Swayne, D. E., (eds.) Diseases of Poultry, 11th Ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, pp. 300–308. 5. Hawkes, R. A. (1979) General principles underlying laboratory diagnosis of viral infections. In: Lennette, E. H, and Schmidt, N. J. (eds.) Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial and Chlamydial Infections, 5th Ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, pp. 1–48. 6. Senne, D. A. (1998) Virus propagation in embryonating eggs. In: Swayne, D. E., Glisson, J. R., Jackwood, M. W., Pearson, J. E., and Reed, W. M. (eds.) A Labora- tory Manual for Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens, 4th Ed., American Association of Avian Pathologists, Kennett Square, PA, pp. 235–240. 7. Cavanagh, D. (2003) Severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine development: experiences of vaccination against avian infectious bronchitis virus Avian Pathol. 32, 567–582. 8. Jordan, F. T. W., and Nassar, T. J. (1973) The combined influence of age of embryo, temperature and duration of incubation on the replication and yield of avian infec- tious bronchitis virus in the developing chick embryo. Avian Pathol. 2, 279–294. 9. Guy, J. S. (2000) Turkey coronavirus is more closely related to avian infectious bronchitis virus than to mammalian coronaviruses: a review Avian Pathol. 29, 207–212. 10. Brake, J., Walsh T. J., Benton, C. E., Petitte, J. N, Meyerhof, R., and Penalva, G. (1997). Egg handling and storage Poult. Sci. 76, 144–151. 11. Jonassen, C. M., Kofstad, T., Larsen, I. L., Lovland, A., Handeland, K., Follestad, and A., Lillehaug, A. (2005) Molecular identification and characterization of novel coronaviruses infecting graylag geese (Anser anser), feral pigeons (Columba livia) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). J. Gen. Virol. 86, 1597–1607. 12. Stephensen, C. B., Casebolt, D. B., and Gangopadhyay, N. N.(1999) Phylogenetic analysis of a highly conserved region of the polymerase gene from 11 coron- aviruses and development of a consensus polymerase chain reaction assay Virus Res 60, 181–189. Isolation of Coronaviruses in Embryonated Eggs 117 13. McNulty, M. S., Curran, W. L., Todd, D., and McFerran, J. B. (1979) Detection of viruses in avian faeces by direct electron microscopy Avian Pathol. 8, 239–247. 14. Cavanagh, D., Mawditt, K., Welchman, D. B, Britton, P., and Gough, R.E. (2002) Coronaviruses from pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) are genetically closely related to coronaviruses of domestic fowl (infectious bronchitis virus) and turkeys. Avian Pathol. 31, 181–193. 15. Guy, J. S., Barnes, H. J., Smith, L. G., and Breslin, J. (1997) Antigenic characteri- zation of a turkey coronavirus identified in poult enteritis and mortality syndrome- affected turkeys. Avian Dis. 41, 583–590. 16. Cavanagh, D. (2005) Coronaviruses in poultry and other birds Avian Pathol. 23, 439–448.
2008 [Methods in Molecular Biology] SARS- and Other Coronaviruses Volume 454 __ Large-Scale Preparation of UV-Inactivate
2008 • 8 Pages • 356.1 KB
2008 [Methods in Molecular Biology] SARS- and Other Coronaviruses Volume 454 __ Titration of Human Coronaviruses, HCoV-2
2008 [Methods in Molecular Biology] SARS- and Other Coronaviruses Volume 454 __ A Pancoronavirus RT-PCR Assay for Detect
2007 The Molecular Biology of SARS Coronavirus
2007 • 13 Pages • 88.05 KB
2015 [Methods in Molecular Biology] Coronaviruses Volume 1282 __
2004 Serologic and Molecular Biologic Methods for SARS-associated Coronavirus Infection, Taiwan
2004 Palindromes in SARS and Other Coronaviruses
2009 Clinical and Diagnostic Virology __ SARS CoV and other coronaviruses
2008 Coronaviruses_ Molecular and Cellular Biology
2005 SARS Coronavirus Detection Methods
2016 [Methods in Molecular Biology] Vaccine Design Volume 1403 __ Development of a SARS Coronavirus Vaccine from Recombi
2010 Molecular Biology of the SARS-Coronavirus __ The Nucleocapsid Protein of the SARS Coronavirus_ Structure, Function
2006 [Advances in Virus Research] Volume 66 __ The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses
2004 Molecular evolution of SARS coronavirus tracked
2004 • 1 Pages • 51.58 KB
2008 Diversity of Coronaviruses in Bats_ Insights Into Origin of SARS Coronavirus
2008 • 1 Pages • 50.9 KB
1985 Isolation and propagation of a human enteric coronavirus
1985 • 4 Pages • 1.35 MB

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Oyak Renault Otomobil Fabrikaları or Oyak-Renault is a Turkish automotive manufacturer located in Bursa. It is co-owned by OYAK (Turkish: Ordu Yardımlaşma Kurumu, English: Army Pension Fund) and Renault. Oyak owns 49% and Renault owns 51% of the company.

History
Oyak-Renault was established in 1969 by Renault, Oyak and Yapi Kredi Bank, starting production two years later.

The company originally manufactured various Renault models for the local and international market. Currently, some models are exported up to 100 countries worldwide.

In 2018, the company produced 336,888 automobiles and 602,421 engines. In the same year, it was announced that it exported approximately 80% of its automobile production.

Operations
With an annual production capacity of 286,000 up to 360,000 units, it is the largest Renault factory outside Western Europe. The official car dealer network of Renault in Turkey is another joint venture known as MAİS A.Ş..

In addition to the automotive assembly, the plant operates its own gearbox and engine manufacturing. Currently, they are manufacturing 450 different engines, 450,000 units a year. In the three-shift operation, more than 5,900 workers are employed.

Current models

Former models

See also
List of companies of Turkey
Bulgarrenault
MAVA-Renault

References

External links
 Oyak-Renault homepage
 Oyak corporate homepage
 Renault Corporate Site
 Association Renault Histoire (in french)

Companies based in Bursa
Car manufacturers of Turkey
Renault

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The lead attorney for children of the Yearning for Zion Ranch raid in Eldorado, Texas, 10 years ago recalls the experience.
On April 4, 2008, San Angelo found itself at the center of the biggest child custody case in U.S. history.
During the next few days, more than 400 vulnerable children were brought here from the polygamist Yearning for Zion Ranch in Eldorado after the state received a tip claiming sexual abuse within the isolated religious sect led by Warren Jeffs. Over time, Jeffs and others would be tried and imprisoned for sexual assault and related crimes.
But on that spring day 10 years ago in Judge Barbara Walther's courtroom, the focus was on the legal steps needed to protect these innocent young people from evil. It would be a massive undertaking.
As a local lawyer with experience representing children in abuse and negligence cases, I was appointed coordinating attorney for the anticipated 400-plus cases. It was possibly the greatest honor and privilege I have ever undertaken as a lawyer.
Randy Stout was appointed co-coordinator with me. Because there weren't enough lawyers in San Angelo, we put out a call for more attorneys across the state. They came from everywhere — Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, Amarillo, Lubbock, Austin, Wichita Falls, Texarkana. I still get chills remembering the packed room at Holy Angels Catholic Church where our initial meeting took place.
San Angelo's residents stepped up in ways that will always amaze me. With law enforcement, Child Protective Services workers and reporters flooding into town, there were no hotel rooms. Churches passed around notepads seeking housing volunteers. Not many people want to put up a stranger in their home — much less a lawyer — but people opened their doors, with some families housing up to six attorneys.
It was the court's job to determine whether the children had been abused or if they would be at risk if they were returned to their families. It was the lawyers' job to make sure the children were protected and well-represented.
We tried to be sensitive to their cultural and religious beliefs. We had unique issues to navigate. Because of the nature of the allegations, we avoided pairing teen girls with male lawyers, relying heavily on female attorneys.
It was often impossible to determine who the biological parents were because of the communal life these children lived, making DNA testing essential. We had a chickenpox outbreak, requiring quarantines because the children were not vaccinated. We had boys as young as 8 with trade jobs who wanted to keep working. They had no concept of play.
Carmen Symes Dusek is a trial lawyer with Jackson Walker LLP in San Angelo.


- If no information is missing, the Permitting Department sends the application and all relevant information to Bureau Veritas, a third-party inspection company. Permitting Department reviews application for any missing information.
- Bureau Veritas will review the application and relevant information. If they require more information, they will contact the "Contact Person" listed on the application form.
- Once Bureau Veritas deems the application complete, they will notify the Permitting Department. The Permitting Department will then calculate fees and issue permit from City Hall.
- Once the permit has been picked up AND paid for, the work can begin.
- Any inspections will be made with Bureau Veritas directly. The Permitting Department is given a copy of inspection reports.
Any permit applications received after 3:00 p.m. WILL NOT be processed until the next business day.
Our permit handbook has all the information about construction permits, both commercial and residential, sign permits, contractor registration, certificates of occupancy, and zoning changes. It also contains the information for Bureau Veritas, the company we have a contract with to do inspections and plan reviews.
All contractors must be registered with the City before they can start work. General contractors only need to submit a copy of a valid driver's license. All sub-contractors are required to submit a copy of a valid driver's license, a copy of a valid state license and a copy of a certificate of general liability insurance coverage.
Only commercial properties are required to have a Certificate of Occupancy.
The applications MUST be in the Wednesday before the event by 5pm.
The applications and permits may require you to download a PDF document reader.


text:
https://watermark.wargamevault.com/pdf_previews/110517-sample.pdf
Stations Manned and Ready - 2nd Edition
A and A Games
Softcover, B&W Book
Watermarked PDF + Softcover, B&W Book
NAVAL WARGAMES RULES FOR THE PERIOD 1885 TO 1945 USING SHIPS AND AIRCRAFT
Listing updated 31 March 2019
Current Edition: 1.1 (PDF and POD)
Recommended scale: 1/1200 to 1/3000
Complexity: 8/10
Level of detail: 9/10
Dice required: D20, D10, D6
This is a new edition (1.1) of the rules with some revisions and expansions. Please note that the Print on Demand product for the new edition will be available as soon as possible. Until it is ready, the Print on Demand version has been deactivated.
In summary, the significant changes in the rules are as follows:
We have introduced the (optional) use of Contact Markers to represent the uncertainty of where the enemy actually is, with appropriate rules for identifying what a Contact Marker may represent.
The rules for torpedo attacks have been changed so that attacks are declared during the Movement Phase, and resolved in the Action Phase.
Small craft (Type "X" in the rules) are handled differently with beter combat rules.
The Critical Damage Tables have been revised.
... and now back to the rules themselves...
These rules are set at a squadron level, allowing relatively large battles to be fought on a normal table in 2 to 4 hours. The period covered by the rules starts in ca. 1885 running through to 1945. The data in the system is compatible throughout so ships from all periods could be matched against each other, though this may not be recommended.
Ship data is presented in sets for nations and time eras. The data sheets are fully prepared for you, so there is no need to fill out separate sheets. The only proviso is that when using smaller vessels you may have print several copies and the names will have to be entered individually by the player. Ships from cruiser upwards all have individual sheets. All data sheets take account of revisions of armament at various times.
Time scales are 6 minutes for a game turn, combat is regulated by the use of 5,000 yard range bands, which provide gun penetration values and torpedo hit modifiers. Armour protection is converted to an armour class on specific areas of the ship, taking account of the armour type and date. Damage represents those hits that cause significant damage to the target, and critical hits cause degradation of the combat effectiveness of ships. Command and crew quality are important and ships are commanded and crewed by men of mixed ability, generated using systems which players will recognise from other A&A titles.
The chance of critical damage is now keyed to the "size of the bang" involved, and the number of guns firing (in the case of ships). More guns means a more chances of causing critical damage, and larger shells/bombs mean a higher chance that critical damage will occur. Higher chances also mean that the damage effects may also be more extensive, because we have expanded the way in which the critical damage system works.
Play follows a sequence using initiative. The winner of initiative chooses which side will move a squadron first. Movement then alternates between the two sides. During Movement the slowest elements finish their movement first, so the order is all submarines, then all ships, finally all aircraft. The winner of initiative then shoots with a squadron first, and then play alternates. Combat actions ignore the type of element involved.
Movement takes into account the manoeuvrability of ships of different sizes. Gunnery takes into account the crew skill of the firing ship, interference by shooting from other vessels, the size of the target and the number of guns firing. Hits will cause structural damage and may also cause critical hits, which will degrade the combat effectiveness of the vessel. As ships get more damaged, there is a possible effect on morale, which may cause formations to withdraw to lick their wounds.
Rules Support package
The additional files that were originally downloaded as part of the rules package have been separated out, and are now available free opf charge as the SMRII Rules Support Package (AA510WV) here on Wargame Vault. In addition 9 of the free battles have been included as "taster" battles. These are:
Pre-Dreadnought: Santiago and Port Arthur.
WW1: Coronel and the Falkland Isklands.
WW2: Atlantic: River Plate and Denmark Strait.
WW2 Mediterranean: Cape Bon.
WW2 Pacific: Tassafaronga and Kolombangara.
Please note that in order to use these rules, you will also require either
Rules Support Package (mentioned above) and
Ship Data Booklets for the nations you want, or
Battle Booklets, which include the ship data sheets for the battle.
The following products are available:
Ship Data Booklets. These are required and provide the necessary ship data sheets to play the game. Data Booklets are provided for France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Russia, United States and Other Nations. Each set is divided into three eras covering 1885 to 1905, 1906 to 1925 and 1926 to 1945. The are also available as "Bundles" of three eras together.
Aircraft Data Booklet. This is necessary if you wish to include aircraft in your games.
Game support material is available to download on the publisher's website at www.aandagames.co.uk.
Entry updated 22 April 2016
Tim W.
I am really enjoying this game right now. Very comprehensive and not an ounce more complex than it needs to be to deliver. Games play relatively fast. SMR2 has both a pre-game "strategic initiative" and ship "morale" rules. Both [...]
Ancients (up to 500 A.D.)
Medieval (500 to 1400)
Pulp Gaming
Andrew Finch, Alan Butler
This title was added to our catalog on January 27, 2013.


I'm going to try to make a long story short here..lol..My dad owned a separate house that the family always referred to as the "Old House" Anyway, at one time he was going to turn it into a antique store but over time he kept storing stuff in it to the point you couldnt even get in the house. He has boxes stacked from the floor to the roof. After he passed away I just boarded the place up because I got tired of people breaking in to it and stealing or just destroying stuff. Recently we have been informed by the city that we either need to fix the house or it needs to be knocked down. We decided that it would be easier/cheaper just to knock the sucker down. First we got to clean it out. Thank God that my nephew is helping me because there is no way I could do this by myself. Well because of this huge task that me and him are undertaking. He has already lost 12lbs and I have lost 4.5lbs. The funny thing is that when we started this we both weighted we both weighed 344. So hopefully by the end of this we will have lost a lot of weight! I just hope we get the house done!
Hehe, well that's one way to jumpstart losing weight is with a regular activity that makes you work. You'll just have to make sure you have some other activity to transition to as you get close to finishing.


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December 4, 2018 April 19, 2019 lamovieboeufLeave a comment
The conceit of the unwanted houseguest is taken to extremes—biblical, allegorical extremes—in Darren Aronofsky's latest film, mother! (note the exclamation point; the director of Requiem for a Dream and Black Swan is not known for his reserve).
The story is this [probable spoilers follow]: Javier Bardem is a revered poet with writer's block. Jennifer Lawrence is his young and dutiful wife. She's fixing up their magnificent house out in the middle of nowhere while he's struggling to find the words. One night, Ed Harris shows up, unannounced. He's an orthopaedic surgeon, apparently, but, more importantly, he's a fan—the characters in the film are credited as Him and Woman and Younger Brother, etc., so it's best to stick with the actors' names here.
Javier invites Ed to sleep over—"stay as long as you want." Jen, in close-up, looks puzzled; concerned (this will prove to be her default expression for the next couple of hours). Soon afterwards, Michelle Pfeiffer knocks on the door. "Did you know he had a wife?," Jen asks Javier. Does it matter? Michelle does not warm to Jen and asks her a lot of personal questions about conception (not necessarily immaculate but that wouldn't surprise us at this point). Later, Ed and Michelle's grown sons (the Gleesons, Domhnall and Brian) appear on the doorstep, feuding over the will (turns out Dad's dying). There's a scuffle and all of a sudden we're one brother fewer. It's then that Jen finally asks them to leave.
Not to call the cops, take note—nobody ever seems interested in notifying the authorities about the dead body, or how it got there—but just to go. Which they do. But only briefly: they're back in next to no time, to hold a wake—"They've no place else to go," Javier explains. He really seems to like having people around, fawning over his past brilliance. And Ed's stories are beginning to inspire him, he claims, starting to get his creative juices flowing. All Jen's left with at this point is some symbiotic relationship with the house. She touches the walls and a heart pulses deep within the plaster, a fiery furnace blazes in the belly of the basement. Jen gets woozy often, and takes a suspension of yellow powders. And when she finally gets pregnant, things—believe it or not—get even weirder. Frankly, they make the ending of the new Suspiria look like a Quaker Meeting in comparison.
Yes, mother! is a pretty insane ride (oh to have been a fly on the wall at the pitch meeting for this one) and our emotions are mangled left, right, and center—frustration, anger, incredulity, horror—before everything comes full circle. There's no denying director Darren is in complete control of his medium, and his performers are more than up to the task of conveying his otherworldly vision, but in the final "what's it all about?" analysis, mother! feels like the unwieldy product of an unbridled kid in a candy store left to his own devices. Which, with the exception of The Wrestler I suppose, is pretty much what we've come to expect.


February 11, 2019 at 10:54 am PDT May contain affiliate links. Read disclosure.
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Allianz Online Claims. You'll find that completing your online claim form is quicker if you have. Allianz Australia Insurance Limited ABN.
Existing customers can login to MyAllianz, renew policies, view policy documents or get information on making a claim.
Thank you for protecting your trip with travel insurance from Allianz Global. trip or filed a claim. BCS Insurance Company and. Car Rental Tips.
Allianz Global Assistance Travel Insurance, Car Warranty & Breakdown Cover are underwritten by AWP P&C SA and administered in the UK by AWP Assistance UK Ltd, Registered in England No. 1710361. Registered Office PO Box 74005, 60 Gracechurch Street, London, EC3P 3DS. AWP Assistance UK Ltd is authorised and regulated by.
Get 10% off a new Car Insurance policy online today! Allianz Northern Ireland offers. Cookie Consent. All information on car insurance NI claims is.


Smooth Ambler Contradiction Bourbon blends two whiskeys. One is a wheater, or wheated Bourbon and the other is a Bourbon made with rye. We are very proud of our knack for bringing you great spirits we hand-make and excellent spirits we hand-select; Contradiction is the opportunity to enjoy in a single sip, the convergence of those two very different efforts.


You have found Oak Park's leading professional carpet cleaning company. At a mid-range price, we make sure you receive outstanding service and quality. We believe that providing fantastic carpet cleaning results is only part of quality professional service. Building a good relationship with you throughout the entire cleaning experience is just as important as the cleaning itself. We understand that small things like having a knowledgeable person to answer questions on the phone, showing up on time, doing the job right the first time, and respecting your home or office are key to creating a great service experience.
All of our cleaning crew are internationally certified by the IICRC. Their training and experience allow them to solve more cleaning challenges. Their extensive training has prepared them to confidently handle the toughest cleaning challenges. They will inspect your job and let you know before they start as to what you can expect for results.
We know that good services requires reliability and punctuality. We guarantee our on-time arrival. Punctuality is important to us. A $25 gift card will gladly be provided to you if we should somehow fail to arrive during our scheduled period of time.
We pride ourselves on the fact that most of our clients have been with us for many years. We long to win your trust for all of your future cleaning needs. Our service to you does not end at the completion of the job. We are always glad to answer carpet questions or guide you through resolving spot and spill issues.
We look forward to answering any questions you may have or to schedule a service appointment. We look forward to fulfilling your carpet cleaning needs with an outstanding level of service and professionalism.


The Front Cover image shows a single-step process that effectively depolymerizes lignin in supercritical ethanol using an inexpensive CuMgAlOx catalyst. Ethanol not only acts as a hydrogen-donor solvent but also as a capping agent, which can stabilize the highly reactive phenolic intermediates either by O-alkylation of hydroxyl groups or by C-alkylation of the aromatic rings, thus essentially inhibiting repolymerization reactions. High monomer yield can be obtained without char formation. The monomeric products can be used as fuel additives or chemicals.


Musician, composer Simon Quigley upcoming performance discusses Skerries Soundwaves Festival with his Ensemble. He also talks about his new releasee "Crimson Gown", the story of two 17th century Irish Actresses Peg Woffington and George Anne Bellamy. The had both a professional and personal rivalry on and off stage.


Edited by xawa, 11 April 2019 - 05:25 AM.
Hello master. Thx for your fast reply first of all. When i try this method, it gives an error Like "Must be logged in", idk why im getting this error, on start i did logining is there a something wrong im my code ?


text:
» Health Club Equipments & Supplies
Business Listings - Health Club Equipments & Supplies
CrossFit Tempo
Listed in Health & Fitness, Health Care & Related Services, Health Club Equipments & Supplies, Health Clubs / Fitness Centres, Health Clubs & Centres
Near Sultan Center Loc: Khoudh, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
Share this listings Read more...
Platinum Gym Fitness
Listed in Fitness Center For Men, Fitness Center For Women, Fitness Centre, Fitness Centre For Children, Gym, Health & Fitness, Health Care & Related Services, Health Club Equipments & Supplies, Health Clubs / Fitness Centres, Health Clubs & Centres
Bldg No. 707, Off. No. 505, Street, Near To Al Jalala Mosque, Al Wadi Al Kabir, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
My Gym Muscat
Panorama Mall, Floor No. Lower Ground, Off. No. 12, Street: Al Ghubrah St Landmark: Near Oman Oil Station Loc: Al Ghubrah, Area: Bowsher Governorate of Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
Prolife Fitness Center
Next To Centerpoint, MBD, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
The Cryo Lounge
Listed in Fitness Center For Men, Fitness Center For Women, Fitness Centre, Fitness Centre For Children, Health & Fitness, Health Care & Related Services, Health Club Equipments & Supplies, Health Clubs / Fitness Centres, Health Clubs & Centres, Wellness Products
The Wellness Centre, The Walk Mall, The Wave Al Mawaleh, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
Fit N Rip
Muscat, Area: Muscat Governorate of Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
House of Yoga LLC
Listed in Health & Fitness, Health Care & Related Services, Health Club Equipments & Supplies, Health Clubs / Fitness Centres, Health Clubs & Centres, Yoga Classes
P.o Box 468, P.c 133, Bldg No. 1155, Off. No. 1157, Loc: Al Khuwair, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
Pargon Lifestyle LLC
Listed in Health & Fitness, Health Care & Related Services, Health Club Equipments & Supplies, Health Clubs / Fitness Centres, Health Clubs & Centres, Healthcare Products
Al Raid Business Center, Floor No.3rd, Landmark: Al Araimi Complex, Qurum, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
Hype Fitness
Listed in Fitness Center For Men, Fitness Center For Women, Fitness Centre, Fitness Centre For Children, Health Care & Related Services, Health Club Equipments & Supplies, Health Clubs / Fitness Centres, Health Clubs & Centres, Healthcare Products
Bldg No. 935, Off. No. 1, Street: Al Kuleiah St Landmark: Behind Safeer International Hotel, Al Khuwair, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
Listed in Fitness Center For Men, Fitness Center For Women, Fitness Centre, Fitness Centre For Children, Health & Fitness, Health Care & Related Services, Health Club Equipments & Supplies, Health Clubs / Fitness Centres, Health Clubs & Centres
Toll Free 80008888
Al Mazoon Street Landmark: Near Holiday Inn Loc: Al Mawaleh, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman


text:
Nathaniel Johnston
Mount Allison University
Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
nathaniel@njohnston.ca
About/CV
Posts Tagged 'Statistics'
Statistical Analysis of Password Strength via Gawker's Leaked Database
This past weekend, Gawker Media was hacked and its user account database was leaked online. The database contained about 1.3 million rows of information containing usernames, e-mail addresses, and passwords (encrypted via DES). This security breach is unfortunate for people whose information is contained within that database, but the silver lining is that it provides a rare opportunity for statistics nerds like me to analyze some otherwise completely unobtainable data.
Because the passwords were encrypted using such an out-of-date scheme (tsk, tsk, Gawker), about 200,000 of the passwords contained in the database have been decrypted. Of course, the passwords that were cracked were relatively weak. For example, all 2641 accounts that used some trivial modification of "password" or "querty" as their password were of course decrypted. In this post I will look at trends in which users' passwords were cracked to gain insight into which users do and do not create strong passwords.
It should of course be made clear that, because this data comes from a single database, the results that follow may not be representative of the population as a whole, but rather may be skewed by the fact that people with Gawker accounts are generally more "techy" than the average internet user.
Preliminaries: Cleaning Up the Database
The database of course had to be significantly cleaned before it could be of too much use statistically, so some of the numbers here may differ slightly from the raw numbers you see from news outlets or if you download the raw database yourself. The numbers here are the result of removing any incomplete rows from the database (i.e., rows missing a password, e-mail address, or both) and removing any accounts that were clearly created by SPAMbots (I'm only interested in the password strength of real users).
Also, I will only look at accounts that contain an e-mail address with a domain that was registered in the database at least 50 times. This restriction is in place partly because it is extremely difficult to compute any sort of meaningful statistics on something with a sample size that is much smaller than 50, and it is partly due to the fact that Gawker doesn't require verified e-mail addresses (so 46993 of the 52593 domain names listed in the database were used by exactly one person, many of which are clearly fake and/or for SPAM).
After making the aforementioned "fixes" to the database, there are 412670 accounts, 157794 (38.2%) of which had their password decrypted.
Password Strength by Domain Name
The following table displays the 10 most frequently-occurring domain names used for e-mail addresses in the database along with how many users of the domain had their password cracked.
Decrypted Passwords
Decryption %
gmail.com 158031 50530 32.0%
yahoo.com 94147 40964 43.5%
hotmail.com 66752 27332 40.9%
aol.com 17534 8151 46.5%
comcast.net 7222 2801 38.8%
msn.com 5544 2250 40.6%
mac.com 4951 1750 35.3%
sbcglobal.net 3896 1667 42.8%
hotmail.co.uk 3204 1476 46.1%
verizon.net 2211 860 38.9%
The following table shows the z-values associated with the statistical test that the two given domains have the same proportion of users with strong passwords. Differences that are statistically significant at the α = 0.01 level are in bold. Click on a z-value to see a normal distribution showing the associated p-value. Notice in particular that gmail.com users have stronger passwords than users of any of the other top-10 domain names, while aol.com and hotmail.co.uk users have the weakest passwords.
HotmailUK
58.28 40.84 38.65 12.10 13.48 5.00 14.27 16.89 6.92
– -10.26 7.29 -7.81 -4.27 -11.31 -0.89 2.87 -4.33
– – 13.23 -3.55 -0.53 -7.74 2.27 5.75 -1.93
– – – -11.09 -7.70 -13.94 -4.19 -0.44 -6.75
– – – – 2.06 -3.85 4.11 6.98 0.09
– – – – – -5.52 2.14 5.00 -1.37
– – – – – – 7.14 9.67 2.88
– – – – – – – 2.77 -2.97
– – – – – – – – -5.24
Not surprisingly, users who entered an e-mail address from an educational institution typically had stronger passwords than the general population. Of the 2092 users who provided a college or university-based e-mail address, only 697 (33.3%) were decrypted. This proportion is significantly lower than the corresponding proportion for the general population (z = 4.64, p < 0.001).
However, two universities stood out as having particularly weak passwords: of the 56 users who used a University of Texas e-mail address, 27 (48.2%) had their password decrypted, and similarly 101 (45.1%) of 224 New York University passwords were decrypted.
ISP-Provided E-Mail Users
Users who used an e-mail address provided to them by their ISP (such as something@comcast.net) typically had weaker passwords than the general population, a fact that can perhaps be explained by the fact that tech-unsavvy folks are less likely to go out and get a new e-mail address for themselves at a place like GMail. Of the 31667 users who provided an ISP-based e-mail address, 13053 (41.2%) of them had their password decrypted. This proportion is significantly higher than the corresponding proportion for the general population (z = -11.36, p < 0.001).
E-Mail Addresses with Typos
Also unsurprisingly, users who entered an obvious typo in their e-mail address were much more likely to have a weak password than people who entered their e-mail address correctly (by "obvious typo" I basically mean an e-mail address containing a typo of a common domain name, such as "fred@yahoo,com" or "fred@hotmail"). Of the 530 users with a typo in their e-mail address, 280 (52.8%) had passwords that were decrypted. This proportion is significantly higher than the average (z = -6.87, p < 0.001).
Password Strength by Country
The following table shows the strength of user passwords based on the country associated with their e-mail address. Of course some e-mail addresses provide no information about the user's country, so domains that serve a largely international market (such as gmail.com, mac.com and aim.com) are excluded from this analysis.
India 3129 1448 46.3%
United Kingdom 6874 3057 44.5%
China 1411 600 42.5%
Canada 2825 1160 41.1%
United States 30891 12507 40.5%
Germany 1378 484 35.1%
Russia 2223 533 24.0%
So Russia and Germany are the big winners when it comes to password strength, while India and the United Kingdom seem to have the weakest passwords. The following table shows the z-values associated with the statistical test that the two given countries have the same proportion of users with strong passwords. Differences that are statistically significant at the α = 0.01 level are in bold. Click on a z-value to see a normal distribution showing the associated p-value.
-1.67 -2.32 -4.03 -6.26 -6.94 -16.62
– -1.31 -3.06 -6.05 -6.37 -17.16
– – -0.88 -1.49 -3.97 -11.72
– – – -0.57 -3.67 -12.73
– – – – -3.95 -15.37
– – – – – -7.18
Attached below is an Excel Spreadsheet containing significantly more detailed information than the snippets contained in this post (though of course all passwords, e-mail addresses and personally-identifiable information has been removed).
Download: Gawker Database Statistics [Excel spreadsheet]
Tags: Popular Culture, Statistics
P-Value Calculators and Graphers in Javascript
There are a lot of online tools out there for computing p-values and test statistics associated with common statistical distributions such as the normal or Student's t-distributions. Unfortunately, most of them are either ad-ridden or powered by Java (and hence slow to initially load and finicky when it comes to which browsers they work with). So one of my summertime projects this year was to create a website that solves both of those problems:
The website computes p-values and test statistics in real-time via javascript (and thus does not need Java or any other plug-in). The computations themselves are fairly straightforward and are performed via the trapezoid rule. The graphic on the right is composed of a static PNG that displays the appropriate distribution. The distribution's image is transparent under the graph and opaque above the graph, which makes it easy to display the p-value graphically – the light blue area is actually just a blue rectangle that is drawn beneath the distribution's image.
Additionally, through the magic of PHP the tool automatically creates a URL that links to the current computation (and thus makes it much more citable). So, for example, if you want to know the T-value that corresponds to a right-tailed test with 12 degrees of freedom and a p-value of 0.1, you could simply click here.
Anyway, if you're a nerd like me then enjoy it and of course feel free to leave any feedback/suggestions that you might have.
Tags: Javascript, Statistics, Websites
Keep the "Info" Before the "Graphic"
The term "infographic" is a ridiculous little buzzword that really took off on the internet sometime last year. It used to refer to genuinely useful things like subway maps and blueprints. Recently, however, the term has come to mean "an obnoxiously oversized image that has numbers on it". My problem isn't with infographics like these ones that just display some fun, meaningless information is a visual way, or this one that displays a phenomenon that is inherently visual. My beef is with infographics that reduce a variety of related statistics to an oversized mess of overlapping graphs and charts that are (purposely or otherwise) misleading.
This post will present four rules that infographic designers, if they decide that they absolutely must make an infographic, should always follow (but often don't). To get the ball rolling, let's consider an example that made its way around the internet just a couple of weeks ago (source):
American 2009 Season Premieres and Averages to Date (click to enlarge)
We are told that the above infographic depicts the US viewership for a variety of shows during their premiere (light red) and on average since they began their 2009 season (dark red). However, I have two main problems with the image, and they're both problems that are prevalent throughout many infographics and can easily be solved by just using a simple bar graph.
1. Infographics should not require horizontal scrolling. The above infographic is 3133 pixels wide, which means there is no consumer-available monitor in the world capable of displaying the entire image on one screen without scrunching it down. This is apparently exactly what infographic makers want, since they all seem to subscribe to the school of thought that dictates their image deserves 45 inches of horizontal viewing space. This would be fine if infographics were readable when zoomed out, but by their very nature they almost never are.
Computer monitors were not meant to view posters. If you want to make the image high-resolution enough that it can be printed out as a poster then it should be created as a vector graphic, not a raster graphic. If you still insist that your infographic should be a monstrously large bitmap, make it readable from a zoom level that will fit on standard monitor resolutions.
Some other popular infographics that suffer from this problem are the new auto industry breakdown, weight of the world, and the first 100 days.
2. Two-dimensional figures should never be used to compare linear data. The above infographic compares the number of people watching different shows, so why are circles being used to represent the data? What represents the number of viewers — the radius of the circle or the area of the circle? The source doesn't tell us, so we have no way of appropriately assessing how many more people are viewing NCIS: Los Angeles than The Good Wife. If it's the radius of the circle, NCIS appears to have about 5% more viewers. If it's the area of the circle then it's probably over 10% (and the discrepancy gets much larger if you compare shows that are farther apart).
Furthermore, even if we were told whether it's the radii of the circles or their areas that we should be looking at, there's still a problem. If the radii are what are being compared, then the visual is misleading because the differences in areas cause the relative differences to appear larger than they actually are. If the areas are what are being compared, then it should be noted that people just plain suck at visually comparing areas. By looking at the above image (and not getting out a ruler or anything) can you tell which circles have about half as much area as the NCIS: Los Angeles circle? Can you tell how much higher the viewership of The Good Wife is than that of Glee? I certainly can't, at least not quickly.
InfomationIsBeautiful.net is a particularly notorious violator of this rule, as these three examples show: deadliest drugs, how safe is the HPV vaccine?, reduce your chances of dying in a plane crash (scroll down to the "bad month" and "the odds" sections). What's worse is they aren't even consistent with whether it's the areas of the circles or the radii of the circles they're comparing.
Problems #1 and #2 can both be rectified by simply turning the data into a bar graph. A plain old-fashioned bar graph. Voila:
American 2009 Season Premieres and Averages to Date (easier to read)
The above bar graph doesn't need to be zoomed in to be read, it makes it easier to compare the relative viewership of each show, and it actually contains more data than the previous infographic thanks to the labels on the vertical axis.
The next example (source) supposedly explains how and why low-cost airlines are able to offer flights that are so much cheaper than other airlines. It made its rounds this last spring during recession fever, when anything that had anything to do with something being cheap was instantly popular. While it does not suffer from problem #1 above (since it is readable when zoomed out), it suffers from two instances of problem #2 as well as multiple other problems.
How come cheap airlines are so cheap? (click to enlarge)
3. Infographics (and everything else) should be about substance over style. While there's no denying that the above infographic is pretty, does it actually tell us anything? Beyond the myriad of small problems such as the average fare of Southwest flights including cents when none of the other numbers do, the misspelling of "Aer Lingus" and "maintenance", and the mysterious 43% "total advantage" at the bottom that seems to pop out of nowhere, the infographic at its core doesn't even make sense.
As the infographic itself says, low-cost airlines generally don't do long-haul flights; they focus on short point-to-point routes. So why are their average fares being compared to the average fares of the likes of British Airways, who regularly do intercontinental flights? Doesn't it make sense that travel distance makes more of a contribution to the price of the flight than whether or not tickets are sold primarily online? Average fare per kilometer travelled would make more sense to compare, though it would still be misleading because take-off and landing are disproportionately expensive.
Another recent offending infographic that just simply doesn't say a thing is the $400 million club, which notes that Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen is only the ninth movie in history to gross more than $400 million at the box office in the US during its theatrical run. The infographic then compares the other eight movies, which of course are juggernauts like Star Wars and Titanic. The problem is that none of the figures are adjusted for inflation. If you scale the numbers properly, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen actually comes in as about the 65th highest-grossing movie. Impressive, sure, but to say that the infographic is misleading is an understatement.
I will finish by presenting a graphic that ran on NewsWeek.com that shows obesity and "life evaluation" trends over the last year or two. It's debatable whether or not it falls into the category of what most people would consider an "infographic", but it perfectly illustrates a core problem with them.
4. Be careful with your data. Just making your graphic pretty doesn't give you free reign to ignore basic statistical principles when presenting data. In the above graphic, the left graph shows two lines — one showing how many people have BMI less than or equal to 30 in a given month and one showing how many people have BMI over 30 in a given month. I have a news flash for you, NewsWeek: one of those lines is redundant. Not only that, but the redundant second line manipulates the reader by giving the false impression that the number of obese people is converging toward the number of non-obese people. Nevermind the fact that the vertical scale is completely out of whack and it jumps a vertical distance of 46.4% in the same amount of space that is used to represent about a 2.5% jump elsewhere.
I'm willing to bet that the vertical scale on the right graph is completely out of whack too, but it's a little difficult to tell since they don't tell you what percentages any of the intermediate y-values correspond to. On the blue "struggling" line, we are given a value of 48.4% on the left edge of the graph and a value of 49.6% at the right edge of the graph at a nearly identical height. Are we supposed to be able to tell how high and low the peaks in the middle of the graph are based on that? Does the blue line get as low as 40%? 35%? 30%? Would labels along the vertical axis (similar to the bar graph I showed above) really have detracted from the desired aesthetic too much?
So if you have a set of data that you wish to convey graphically, please first consider whether or not it can be presented by a simple bar graph or line graph. If it can, don't try to make it more complicated than that. If it can't, at least make sure that the information is the motivating factor in your decisions. If the layout ends up dictating how you present your data, you've got your priorities backward.
Tags: Statistics
IMDb Movie Ratings Over the Years
It's time for a random dose of statistics courtesy of The Internet Movie Database. Let's consider all movies that have been released theatrically over the last 60 years and see whether there is a trend in their perceived quality over time. That is, do new movies generally receive higher or lower scores on IMDb than old movies?
Before looking at the numbers though, we need some rules to clarify what types of movies we are considering:
We only consider theatrically-released films — no straight-to-video movies or TV movies.
Short films that were released theatrically (such as Pixar's Presto) are included.
We only consider movies that have received 1000 or more votes. This restriction is to prevent movies with only a handful of votes from skewing the results too much.
The theatrical release date of the movie must have been at least as recent at 1950.
IMDb contains 10034 movies that satisfy the above criteria. The average score (on a scale of 1 to 10) of those movies is 6.38 and the median score is 6.6. The average score per release year is given by the following graph:
As you can see, older movies (1950 – 1975) have abnormally high scores, as do very recent movies (2000 – 2009). These differences are indeed statistically significant. For example, the p-value associated with the test that the mean score in 1950 is the same as the mean score in 1989 is less than 10-19. The p-value associated with the test that the mean score in 2008 is the same as the mean score in 1989 is about 0.0021. Other nearby years give similar p-values.
So this tells us that, in general, particularly old movies receive the highest scores, followed by newly-released movies, followed by "semi-old" movies from the 1980's and 1990's. So why the differences? Were movies from the 1980's really just that bad? Possibly, but the more likely explanation is that movies from the 1950's through 1970's have artificially higher scores because people don't generally go back and watch the crummy movies of the last generation, so they get forgotten and do not have 1000 votes on IMDb. Will people be watching Disaster Movie in forty years? I sure hope not.
On the other hand, particularly recent movies tend to draw a fair amount of hype and fanboyism. Remember when The Dark Knight had a score of 9.8 and was at #1 on the IMDb top 250? Now, one year later, it has a score of 8.9 and is located at #9 on the top 250. It will likely dwindle a little further down over the coming years as well.
The Best and Worst of Each Year
While we're looking at ratings of movies over the years, I suppose I might as well provide a list of the best and worst movie of each year (based on the votes of IMDb users), since such a list is not available on the IMDb website itself to my knowledge. Keep in mind that, as before, only movies with 1000 or more votes are considered. Enjoy!
1950 Sunset Blvd. Destination Moon
1951 Strangers on a Train Flying Padre: An RKO-Pathe Screenliner
1952 Singin' in the Rain Jack and the Beanstalk
1953 Duck Amuck Robot Monster
1954 Rear Window Jail Bait
1955 Nuit et brouillard Bride of the Monster
1956 The Killing The Conqueror
1957 12 Angry Men Beginning of the End
1958 Vertigo The Screaming Skull
1959 North by Northwest Yusei oji
1960 Psycho Ein Toter hing im Netz
1961 Divorzio all'italiana The Beast of Yucca Flats
1962 Lawrence of Arabia Eegah
1963 The Great Escape The Skydivers
1964 Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb The Starfighters
1965 Per qualche dollaro in più Monster a-Go Go
1966 Il buono, il brutto, il cattivo. Night Train to Mundo Fine
1967 Cool Hand Luke The Hellcats
1968 C'era una volta il West Girl in Gold Boots
1969 Le chagrin et la pitié Five the Hard Way
1970 Mihai Viteazul Hercules in New York
1971 12 stulyev The Touch of Satan
1972 The Godfather Night of the Lepus
1973 The Sting Gojira tai Megaro
1974 The Godfather: Part II The Bat People
1975 Hababam sinifi Zaat
1976 Tosun Pasa Track of the Moon Beast
1977 Saban Oglu Saban The Incredible Melting Man
1978 Kibar Feyzo Laserblast
1979 Apocalypse Now Angels' Brigade
1980 Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back L'uomo puma
1981 Raiders of the Lost Ark Le lac des morts vivants
1982 Vincent Megaforce
1983 Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro Los nuevos extraterrestres
1984 Balkanski spijun Ator l'invincibile 2
1985 Esperando la carroza Final Justice
1986 Aliens Zombie Nightmare
1987 L'homme qui plantait des arbres Leonard Part 6
1988 Nuovo cinema Paradiso Hobgoblins
1989 Ilha das Flores R.O.T.O.R.
1990 Goodfellas The Final Sacrifice
1991 The Silence of the Lambs Cool as Ice
1992 Reservoir Dogs Meatballs 4
1993 Schindler's List Barschel – Mord in Genf?
1994 The Shawshank Redemption Tangents
1995 The Usual Suspects Dis – en historie om kjærlighet
1996 Paradise Lost: The Child Murders at Robin Hood Hills Merlin's Shop of Mystical Wonders
1997 Masumiyet Pocket Ninjas
1998 American History X Die Hard Dracula
1999 Fight Club The Underground Comedy Movie
2000 Memento The Tony Blair Witch Project
2001 The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring Glitter
2002 Cidade de Deus Ben & Arthur
2003 The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King From Justin to Kelly
2004 Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind Superbabies: Baby Geniuses 2
2005 Babam Ve Oglum Troppo belli
2006 Kiwi! Pledge This!
2007 Heima Ram Gopal Varma Ki Aag
2008 The Dark Knight Disaster Movie
2009 (so far) Inglourious Basterds Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience
IMDb rating data [.zip of an Excel spreadsheet — 341KB]
IMDb rating data [tab-delimited plaintext — 0.97MB]
Tags: Movies, Statistics
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What the Operator-Schmidt Decomposition Tells Us About Entanglement
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text:
Government plans VAT cut to kickstart spending
By Marketing Week	 24 Nov 2008 9:22 am
The Government will today (November 24) unveil plans to cut VAT to its lowest level in nearly 20 years in a bid to kickstart the economy. It is thought that the Government will slash the rate of VAT from 17.5% to 15% in a bid to encourage consumers to keep spending.
The proposal are understood to have been met with a lukewarm reaction from retailers, suggesting that the cut will make only a marginal difference and that customers will struggle to work out its effect on store prices.
The high street has already seen unprecedented discounts on goods and services in the run-up to Christmas, with retailers including Marks & Spencer holding a one-day 20% off event and Debenhams offering up to 25% off everything over three days in a bid to lure customers to their stores. Others chains are already holding mid-season sales.
A British Retail Consortium spokesman welcomes the proposed cut but stresses it must last "at least one year" to work.
The Government hopes to pay for the cut in VAT with an increase on the top-level income tax following the next election in measures to be announced in the pre-Budget report.
Analysis Retail
Marketing careers and joining up loyalty: Your Marketing Week
Russell Parsons
At the end of every week, I look at the key stories, offering my view on what they mean for you and the industry. From mitigating the impact of Covid on your career to Virgin's updated loyalty offer, it's been a busy week. Here's my take.
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The car brand is investing hundreds of millions annually over the next five years as it looks to create a seamless digital experience for customers.
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Consumer insights fueled a nudge campaign that helped drive sales of Irish haddock, hake and whiting.
L'Oréal on why it pays to speed up innovation in times of crisis
Rather than slashing R&D budgets in response to the pandemic, the vice-president of L'Oréal's tech incubator believes there is still "so much room" for innovation.


text:
Q: Force, Newtons second law In the book "An Introduction to Mechanics - Second edition" by Kleppner D., Kolenkow R, I came across a paragraph:
pg. 54 , sec 2.5.2(force)

It is worth emphasizing that force is not merely a matter of definition. For instance, if we observe that an air track rider of mass $m$ starts to accelerate at rate $\vec a$, it might be tempting to conclude that we have just observed a force $\vec F=m\vec a$. Tempting, but wrong. The reason is that forces always arise from real physical interactions between systems. Interactions are scientifically significant: accelerations are merely their consequence. Consequently, if we eliminate all interactions by isolating a body sufficiently from its surroundings —an inertial system— we expect it to move uniformly.

I can not understand why it is wrong. Please explain to me the reason author gave.

A: The author is trying to convey the message that it was not the acceleration which made us observe a force, the force was already there. In other words, force is not the consequence of acceleration, rather it's the other way around, acceleration is the consequence of force, which implies forces are more fundamental.

A: Yes, the author's statement is weirdly worded to say the least. Unless Newton's laws are incorrect, you can obviously conclude that if an object is accelerating, then the net force acting on it is mass times acceleration (assuming you're in the inertial frame).
However, what the author is trying to convey is the theoretical structure of our model of the world in Newtonian mechanics. That is that we ought to think of acceleration as the consequence of the forces acting on the particle rather than the other way around. In other words, you have to have a formalism where you can calculate forces acting on a particle independently of the acceleration of the particle (say, for example, as a function of the charges of the particles and the distances between them) and then you should verify if the acceleration produced due to this force according to the formula $F=ma$ matches with the experimentally observed acceleration of the particle. If you don't have an independent way of deducing what the force acting on a particle is independent of just observing the acceleration of the particle then you'd have learnt nothing about the world. Because you'd just see some acceleration and just define a force as $ma$ but you'd have no predictive power because you didn't really say anything about how this acceleration is arising.

A: Let us say you have two charged particles of charge $q_1$ and $q_2$. The force between them will be given by- $$\textbf {F}=\dfrac{q_1q_2}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 r^3}\textbf{r}$$
Now, what is the cause of the force? The Field. It was the field which developed in space due to one particle, and the other particle experienced that field.
What you will observe will just be the acceleration of the objects. Not the force. Force was a result of the field produced. And that force led to acceleration, which you observed.
I think this clears your doubt.

A: I now understand what the author is trying to say.
He is saying that by mere observation of acceleration, we can not conclude that some force is acting on the body.
It is because we can observe acceleration sometimes which is not due to any force but is merely an artifact of being in a non-inertial system.
For example, while sitting in an accelerating car, we observe a tree accelerating in opposite direction without any force because we are in non inertial frame.
To know whether an acceleration results from a real force, we need Newton's Third Law, which states that there must be an equal and opposite force in the system, if we can not find the partner force, the acceleration is not due to a force but only because of non-inertial system.

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