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Tristan and Iseult as depicted by Herbert Draper (1863–1920).
The legend of Tristan and Iseult is an influential romance and tragedy, retold in numerous sources with as many variations. The tragic story of the adulterous love between the Cornish knight Tristan (Tristram) and the Irish princess Iseult (Isolde, Yseut, etc.), the narrative predates and most likely influenced the Arthurian romance of Lancelot and Guinevere, and has had a substantial impact on Western art and literature since it first appeared in the twelfth century. While the details of the story differ from one author to another, the overall plot structure remains much the same. The cosmic theme of conflict between good and evil, betrayal and loyalty, self-interest and selflessness, both externally and internally, as the best and the worst within heroes and struggles for dominance, is never far from the reader's mind. In different forms, as drama, opera, poetry, and prose, the tale has had an enduring attraction and has long since taken its place as a classic within the European literary heritage.
2 Origins of the legend
2.1 Early references to Tristan and Mark in Welsh
2.2 Analogues
2.3 Association with King Arthur
3 Early medieval Tristan literature
3.1 Courtly branch
3.2 Common branch
3.3 A common source
4 Later medieval versions
4.2 English
4.3 Scandinavia
4.5 Welsh
4.6 Spanish
4.7 Czech and German
4.8 Italian
4.9 Belarusian
5 Modern literature
There are two main traditions of the Tristan legend. The early tradition comprised the romances of two French poets from the second half of the twelfth century, Thomas of Britain and Béroul. Their sources could be traced back to the original, archetypal Celtic romance. Later traditions come from the Prose Tristan (c. 1240), which was markedly different from the earlier tales written by Thomas and Béroul. The Prose Tristan became the common medieval tale of Tristan and Iseult that would provide the background for the writings of Sir Thomas Malory, the English author, who wrote Le Morte d'Arthur (c. 1469).
The story and character of Tristan vary from poet to poet. Even the spelling of his name varies a great deal, though "Tristan" is the most popular spelling. In Béroul's Tristan and Iseult, the knight is as brave and fit as any other warrior, but he relies on trickery and does not live according to contemporary ideals of chivalry.
In Béroul's tale, Tristan goes to Ireland to bring back the fair Iseult for his uncle King Mark to marry. Along the way, they accidentally ingest a love potion that causes the pair to be madly in love for three years. Although Iseult marries Mark, she and Tristan are forced by the potion to seek one another out for adultery. Although the typical noble Arthurian character would be shamed from such an act, the love potion that controls them frees Tristan and Iseult from responsibility. Thus, Béroul presents them as victims. The king's advisers repeatedly try to have the pair tried for adultery, but again and again the couple use trickery to preserve their façade of innocence. Eventually, the love potion wears off, and the two lovers are free to make their own choice as to whether they cease their adulterous lifestyle or continue. Béroul's ending is morally ambiguous, which differs greatly from his contemporaries such as Chrétien de Troyes, and adds a bit of mystique to the legend of Tristan.
As with the Arthur-Lancelot-Guinevere love triangle, Tristan, King Mark, and Iseult all hold love for each other. Tristan honors, respects, and loves King Mark as his mentor and adopted father; Iseult is grateful that Mark is kind to her, which he is certainly not obliged to be; and Mark loves Tristan as his son, and Iseult as a wife. But after they go to sleep every night, they would have horrible dreams about the future. Tristan's uncle eventually learns of the affair and seeks to entrap his nephew and his bride. Also present is the endangerment of a fragile kingdom, the cessation of war between Ireland and Cornwall. Mark gets what seems proof of their guilt and resolves to punish them: Tristan by hanging and Iseult by trial by ordeal and then putting her up in a lazar house (a leper colony). Tristan escapes on his way to the stake by a miraculous leap from a chapel and rescues Iseult. The lovers escape into the forest of Morrois and take shelter there until they are discovered one day by Mark. However, they make peace with Mark after Tristan's agreement to return Iseult to Mark and leave the country. Tristan then travels on to Brittany, where he marries (for her name and her beauty) Iseult of the White Hands, daughter of Hoel of Brittany and sister of Sir Kahedin.
In works like the Prose Tristan, the Post-Vulgate Cycle, and Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur, Tristan is wounded by a poisoned weapon, after battling with Iseult of Ireland's uncle, Morholt (sometimes named Estult li Orgillusi). He mortally wounds Morholt, leaving a piece of his sword in the Irishman's skull, but Morholt stabs him with a poisoned spear and escapes. Tristan sends for Iseult of Ireland, who alone can heal him. Iseult of Brittany watches the window for white sails signaling that Iseult of Ireland is arriving to save Tristan's life with her herblore. She sees the white sails, but out of jealousy, tells Tristan that the sails are black, which was to be the signal that Iseult of Ireland would not come. Tristan dies, and Iseult of Ireland, arriving too late to save him, yields up her own life. In some sources it states that two trees (hazel and honeysuckle) grow out of their graves and intertwine their branches so that they can not be parted by any means. It was said that King Mark tried to have the branches cut 3 separate times, and each time, the branches grew back and intertwined, so therefore, he gave up and let them grow. In other versions of the story, Iseult of Ireland sets his body to sea in a boat and disappears, never to be heard from again.
A few later stories record that the lovers had a number of children. In some stories, they produced a son and a daughter they named after themselves; these children survived their parents and had adventures of their own. In the romance, Ysaie the Sad, the eponymous hero is the son of Tristan and Iseult; he becomes involved with the fay-king Oberon and marries a girl named Martha, who bears him a son named Mark.
Origins of the legend
Early references to Tristan and Mark in Welsh
There are many theories present about the origins of Tristanian legend, but historians disagree about the most accurate one. There is the famous Tristan stone, with its inscription about Drust, but not all historians agree that the Drust referred to is the archetype of Tristan. There are references to March ap Meichion and Trystan in the Welsh Triads, some of the gnomic poetry, Mabinogion stories and in the late eleventh century, Life of St. Illtud.
Drystan's name appears as one of Arthur's advisers at the end of The Dream of Rhonabwy, an early thirteenth century tale in the Welsh prose collection known as the Mabinogion, and Iseult is listed along with other great men and women of Arthur's court in another, much earlier Mabinogion tale, Culhwch and Olwen.[1]
Possible Irish antecedents to the Tristan legend have received much scholarly attention. An ill-fated triantán an grá or love triangle features into a number of Irish works, most notably in the text called Tóraigheacht Dhiarmada agus Ghráinne or The Pursuit of Diarmuid and Gráinne. In the story, the aging Fionn mac Cumhaill takes the young princess, Gráinne, to be his wife. At the betrothal ceremony, however, she falls in love with Diarmuid, one of Fionn's most trusted warriors. Gráinne gives a sleeping potion to all present but him, eventually convincing him to elope with her. The fugitive lovers are then pursued all over Ireland by the Fianna. Another Irish analogue is Scéla Cano meic Gartnáin, preserved in the fourteenth century Yellow Book of Lecan. In this tale, Cano is an exiled Scottish king who accepts the hospitality of King Marcan of Ui Maile. His young wife, Credd, drugs all present, and then convinces Cano to be her lover. They try to keep a tryst while at Marcan's court, but are frustrated by courtiers. Eventually Credd kills herself and Cano dies of grief. In the Ulster Cycle there is the text Clann Uisnigh or Deirdre of the Sorrows in which Naoise mac Usnech falls for Deirdre, who was imprisoned by King Conchobar mac Nessa due to a prophecy that Ulster would plunge into civil war due to men fighting for her beauty. Conchobar had pledged to marry Deirde himself in time to avert war, and takes his revenge on Clan Usnech. The death of Naoise and his kin leads many Ulstermen to defect to Connacht, including Conchobar's stepfather and trusted ally, Fergus mac Róich, eventually precipitating the Táin Bó Cúailnge.
Some scholars have suggested that the eleventh century Persian story, Vis u Ramin, may have influenced the Tristan legend.[2]
Some scholars believe that Ovid's Pyramus and Thisbe, as well as the story of Ariadne at Naxos might have also contributed to the development of the Tristan legend. The sequence in which Tristan and Iseult die and become interwoven trees also parallels Ovid's love story of Baucis and Philemon in which two lovers are transformed in death into two different trees sprouting from the same trunk.
Association with King Arthur
In its early stages, the tale was probably unrelated to contemporary Arthurian literature, but the earliest surviving versions already incorporate references to Arthur and his court. The connection between Tristan and Iseult and the Arthurian legend was expanded over time, and sometime shortly after the completion of the Vulgate Cycle (or Lancelot-Grail Cycle) in the first quarter of the thirteenth century, two authors created the vast Prose Tristan, which fully establishes Tristan as a Knight of the Round Table who even participates in the Quest for the Holy Grail.
Early medieval Tristan literature
Courtly branch
The earliest representation of what scholars name the "courtly" version of the Tristan legend is in the work of Thomas of Britain, dating from 1173. Only ten fragments of his Tristan poem, representing six manuscripts, have ever been located: The manuscripts in Turin and Strassburg are now lost, leaving two in Oxford, one in Cambridge and one in Carlisle. In his text, Thomas names another trouvère who also sang of Tristan, though no manuscripts of this earlier version have been discovered. There is also a fascinating passage telling how Iseult wrote a short lai out of grief that sheds light on the development of an unrelated legend concerning the death of a prominent troubadour, as well as the composition of lais by noblewomen of the twelfth century.
The next essential text for knowledge of the courtly branch of the Tristan legend is the abridged translation of Thomas made by Brother Robert at the request of King Haakon Haakonson of Norway in 1227. King Haakon had wanted to promote Angevin-Norman culture at his court, and so commissioned the translation of several French Arthurian works. The Nordic version presents a complete, direct narrative of the events in Thomas' Tristan, with the telling omission of his numerous interpretive diversions. It is the only complete representative of the courtly branch in its formative period. Preceding the work of Brother Robert chronologically is the Tristan and Isolt of Gottfried von Strassburg, written circa 1211-1215. The poem was Gottfried's only known work, and was left incomplete due to his death with the retelling reaching half-way through the main plot. The poem was later completed by authors such as Heinrich von Freiberg and Ulrich von Türheim, but with the "common" branch of the legend as the ideal source.
Common branch
The earliest representation of the "common branch" is Béroul's Le Roman de Tristan, the first part of which is generally dated between 1150 and 1170, and the latter part between 1181 and 1190. The branch is so named due to its representation of an earlier non-chivalric, non-courtly, tradition of story-telling, making more reflective of the Dark Ages than of the refined High Middle Ages. In this respect, they are similar to Layamon's Brut and the Perlesvaus. As with Thomas' works, knowledge of Béroul's is limited. There were a few substantial fragments of his works discovered in the nineteenth century, and the rest was reconstructed from later versions. The more substantial illustration of the common branch is the German version by Eilhart von Oberge. Eilhart's version was popular, but pales in comparison with the later Gottfried.
A common source
The French medievalist Joseph Bédier thought all the Tristan legends could be traced to a single original poem, adapted by Thomas of Brittany into French from an original Cornish or Breton source. He dubbed this hypothetical original the "Ur-Tristan," and wrote his still-popular Romance of Tristan and Iseult as an attempt to reconstruct what this might have been like. In all likelihood, Common Branch versions reflect an earlier form of the story; accordingly, Bédier relied heavily on Eilhart, Béroul and Gottfried von Strassburg, and incorporated material from other versions to make a cohesive whole. Some scholars still consider Bédier's argument convincing.
Later medieval versions
Contemporary with Béroul and Thomas, the famous Marie de France presents a Tristan episode in one of her lais: "Chevrefoil." It concerns another of Tristan's clandestine returns to Cornwall in which the banished hero signals his presence to Iseult by means of an inscription on a branch of a hazelnut tree placed on the road she will travel. The title refers to the symbiosis of the honeysuckle and hazelnut tree which die when separated, as do Tristan and Iseult: "Ni moi sans vous, ni vous sans moi." ("Neither me without you, nor you without me.") This episode is reminiscent of one in the courtly branch when Tristan uses wood shavings put in a stream as signals to meet in the garden of Mark's palace.
There are also two twelfth century Folie Tristan, Anglo-Norman poems identified as the Oxford and the Bern versions, which relate Tristan's return to Marc's court under the guise of a madman. Besides their own importance as episodic additions to the Tristan story and masterpieces of narrative structure, these relatively short poems significantly contributed to restoring the missing parts of Béroul's and Thomas' incomplete texts.
The great trouvère Chrétien de Troyes claims to have written a Tristan story, though no part of it has ever been found. He mentions this in the introduction to Cligès, a romance that many see as a kind of anti-Tristan with a happy ending. Some scholars speculate his Tristan was ill-received, prompting Chretien to write Cligès—a story with no Celtic antecedent—to make amends.[3]
After Béroul and Thomas, the most important development in French Tristaniana is a complex grouping of texts known broadly as the Prose Tristan. Extremely popular in the thirteenth and fourteenth Century, the narratives of these lengthy versions vary in detail from manuscript to manuscript. Modern editions run twelve volumes for the long version, which includes Tristan's participation in the Quest for the Holy Grail, or five volumes for a shorter version without the Grail Quest. The Roman de Tristan en prose is a great work of art with fits of lyrical beauty. It also had a great influence on later medieval literature, and inspired parts of the Post-Vulgate Cycle, the Roman de Palamedes, and Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur.
The earliest, complete source of the Tristan material in English was Sir Tristrem, a romance of some 3344 lines written c. 1300. It is preserved in the famous Auchinleck manuscript at the National Library of Scotland. The narrative largely follows the courtly tradition. As is true with many medieval English adaptations of French Arthuriana, the poem's artistic achievement can only be described as average, though some critics have tried to rehabilitate it, claiming it is a parody. Its first editor, Sir Walter Scott, provided a sixty line ending to the story, which has been printed with the romance in every subsequent edition.
The only other medieval handling of the Tristan legend in English is Sir Thomas Malory's The Book of Sir Tristram de Lyones, a shortened "translation" of the French Prose Tristan in Le Morte d'Arthur. Since the Winchester manuscript surfaced in 1934, there has been much scholarly debate whether the Tristan narrative, like all the episodes in Le Morte d'Arthur, were originally intended to be an independent piece or part of a larger work.
The popularity of Brother Robert's version spawned a unique parody, Saga Af Tristram ok Ísodd as well as the poem, Tristrams kvæði. In the collection of Old Norse prose-translations of Marie de France's lais—called Strengleikar (Stringed Instruments)—two lais with Arthurian content have been preserved, one of the them being the "Chevrefoil," translated as "Geitarlauf."
By the nineteenth century, scholars had found Tristan legends spread across the Nordic world, from Denmark to the Faroe Islands. These stories, however, diverged greatly from their medieval precursors. In one Danish ballad, for instance, Tristan and Iseult are made brother and sister. Other unlikely innovations occur in two popular Danish chapbooks of the late eighteenth century Tristans saga ok Inionu and En tragoedisk Historie om den ædle og tappre Tistrand, in which Iseult is made the princess of India. The popularity of these chapbooks inspired Icelandic novelists Gunnar Leifsson and Niels Johnson to write novels inspired by the Tristan legend.[4]
A 130 line fragment of a Dutch version of Thomas of Britain's Tristan exists. It is in a manuscript in Vienna at the National Library.
A short Tristan narrative, perhaps related to the Béroul text, exists in six Welsh manuscripts dating from the late-sixteenth to the mid-seventeenth century.
In the first third of the fourteenth century the famous Arcipreste de Hita wrote a version of the Tristan story. Carta enviada por Hiseo la Brunda a Tristán; Respuesta de Tristán was a unique fifteenth century romance written in the form of imaginary letters between the two lovers. Then there was a famous Spanish reworking of the French Prose Tristan, Libro del muy esforzado caballero Don Tristán de Leonís y de sus grandes hechos en armas first published in Valladolid in 1501, then republished in Seville in 1511, 1520, 1525, 1528, 1533 and 1534; additionally a second part, Tristan el Joven, was created which dealt with Tristan's son, Tristan of Leonis.[5]
Czech and German
A thirteenth century verse romance exists in Czech, based on the German Tristan poems by Gottfried von Strassburg, Heinrich von Freiberg, and Eilhart von Oberg. It is the only known verse representative of the Tristan story in a Slavic language.[6]
The Tristan legend proved very popular in Italy; there were many cantari, or oral poems performed in the public square, either about him, or frequently referencing him:
Cantari di Tristano
Due Tristani
Quando Tristano e Lancielotto combattiero al petrone di Merlino
Ultime impresse e morte Tristano
Vendetta che fe messer Lanzelloto de la Morte di Mister Tristano
There are also four differing versions of the Prose Tristan in medieval Italy, most named after their place of composition or library in which they are currently to be found:
Tavola Ritonda
Tristano Panciaticchiano
Tristano Riccardiano
Tristano Veneto
The Belarusian (or ancient Litvan) prose Povest Trychane represents the furthest eastern advance of the legend, and, composed in the 1560s, is considered by some critics to be the last "medieval" Tristan or Arthurian text period.
Its lineage goes back to the Tristano Veneto. Venice, at that time, controlled large parts of the Serbo-Croatian language area, engendering a more active literary and cultural life there than in most of the Balkans during this period. The manuscript of the Povest states that it was translated from a (lost) Serbian intermediary. Scholars assume that the legend must have journeyed from Venice, through its Balkan colonies, finally reaching a last outpost in this Slavic dialect.
In the nineteenth century, Richard Wagner composed the opera Tristan und Isolde, now considered one of the most influential pieces of music from the century. In his work, Tristan is portrayed as a doomed romantic figure. In English, the Tristan story suffered the same fate as the Matter of Britain generally. After being mostly ignored for about three centuries, there was a renaissance of original Arthurian literature, mostly narrative verse, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Tristan material in this revival included Alfred Tennyson's The Last Tournament, Matthew Arnold's Tristram and Iseult, and Algernon Charles Swinburne's epic poem Tristram of Lyonesse. After World War II, most Tristan texts were in the form of prose novels or short stories. Novelist Thomas Berger retold the story of Tristan and Isolde in his interpretation of Arthurian legend, Arthur Rex.
The Cornish writer, Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch ("Q") started Castle Dor, a retelling of the Tristan and Iseult myth in modern circumstances with an innkeeper in the role of King Mark, his wife as Iseult and a Breton onion-seller as Tristan, the plot set in "Troy," his name for his hometown of Fowey. The book was left unfinished at Quiller-Couch's death and was completed many years later, in 1962, by Daphne du Maurier.
The story has also been adapted into film many times.[7] The earliest is probably the 1909 French film, Tristan et Yseult, an early, silent version of the story.[8] This was followed by another French film of the same name two years later, which offered a unique addition to the story. Here, it is Tristan's jealous slave Rosen who tricks the lovers into drinking the love potion, then denounces them to Mark. Mark has pity on the two lovers, but they commit double suicide anyway. A third silent French version appeared in 1920, and follows the legend fairly closely.
One of the most celebrated and controversial Tristan films was 1943's L'Éternel Retour (The Eternal Return), directed by Jean Delannoy (screenplay by Jean Cocteau). It is a contemporary retelling of the story with a man named Patrice in the Tristan role fetching a wife for his friend Marke. However, an evil dwarf tricks them into drinking a love potion, and the familiar plot ensues. The film was made in France during the Vichy regime, and elements in the movie reflect Nazi ideology, with the beautiful, blond hero and heroine and the ugly, Semitic dwarf. Not only are the dwarfs visually different, they are given a larger role than in most interpretations of the legend; their conniving rains havoc on the lovers, much like the Jews of Nazi stereotypes.
Iseult (Sophia Myles) and Tristan (James Franco) in Tristan & Isolde
The 1970 Spanish film, Tristana, is only tangentially related to the Tristan story. The Tristan role is assumed by the female character Tristana, who is forced to care for her aging uncle, Don Lope, though she wishes to marry Horacio. This was followed by the avant-garde French film, Tristan et Iseult in 1972, and the Irish Lovespell, featuring Nicholas Clay as Tristan and Kate Mulgrew as Iseult; coincidentally, Clay went on to play Lancelot in John Boorman's epic Excalibur. The popular German film, Fire and Sword, premiered in 1981; it was very accurate to the story, though it cut the Iseult of Brittany subplot.
Legendary French director François Truffaut adapted the subject to modern times for his 1981 film La Femme d'à côté (The Woman Next Door), while 1988's In the Shadow of the Raven transported the characters to medieval Iceland. Here, Trausti and Isolde are warriors from rival tribes who come into conflict when Trausti kills the leader of Isolde's tribe, but a local bishop makes peace and arranges their marriage. Bollywood legend Subhash Ghai transfers the story to modern India and the United States in his 1997 musical Pardes. The Indian American Pardes (Amrish Puri) raises his orphaned nephew Arjun Shahrukh Khan. Eventually, Pardes sends Arjun back to India to lure the beautiful Ganga (Mahima Chaudhary) as a bride for his selfish, shallow son Rajiv (Apoorva Agnihotri). Arjun falls for Ganga, and struggles to remain loyal to his cousin and beloved uncle. The film features the Bollywood hit "I Love My India." The 2002 French animated film, Tristan et Iseut is a bowdlerized version of the traditional tale aimed at a family audience.
Tristan was adapted to film again in 2006's Tristan & Isolde, produced by Tony Scott and Ridley Scott, written by Dean Georgaris, directed by Kevin Reynolds, and starring James Franco and Sophia Myles.
↑ Gantz, 134-176.
↑ S. Gregory.
↑ Lacy (1991), p. 96.
↑ Lacy (1991), p. 463-65.
↑ Lacy (1991), 106-08.
↑ IMBD, Tristan and Isolde. Retrieved December 18, 2007.
↑ Kevin J. Harty, Camelot Project at the University of Rochester. Retrieved December 18, 2007.
Curtis, Renée L. (ed.). Le Roman de Tristan en prose. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1963-1985.
Gantz, Jeffrey, Trans. "How Culhwch won Olwen." In The Mabinogion, 134-176. New York: Penguin, 1976. ISBN 0-14-044322-3.
Gregory, Stewart, trans. Thomas of Britain: Tristran. New York: Garland Publishers, 1991. ISBN 0-8240-4034-1.
Harty, Kevin J. Arthurian Film. Retrieved December 18, 2007.
Hill, Joyce. The Tristan Legend: Texts from Northern and Eastern Europe in Modern English Translation. Leeds England: Leeds Medieval Studies, 1973.
IMBD. Tristan and Isolde. Retrieved December 18, 2007.
Kalamazoo, Alan Lupak (ed.). Lancelot of the Laik and Sir Tristrem. Kalamazoo, MI: Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications, 1994.
Kipel, Z. The Byelorussian Tristan. New York: Garland Publishing, 1988. ISBN 0-8240-7598-6.
Lacy, Norris J. (ed.). "Carta enviada por Hiseo la Brunda Tristan; Repuesta de Tristan." In The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, 73. New York: Garland Publishing, 1991. ISBN 9780824043773.
Lacy, Norris J. (ed.). "Cliges." In The New Arthurian Encyclopedia. New York: Garland Publishing, 1991. ISBN 9780824043773.
Lacy, Norris J. (ed.). "Czech Arthurian Literature." In The New Arthurian Encyclopedia. New York: Garland Publishing, 1991. ISBN 9780824043773.
Lacy, Norris J. (ed.). "Early French Tristan Poems." In Arthurian Archives. Cambridge, England and Rochester, NY: D.S. Brewer, 1998. ISBN 9780859915359.
Lacy, Norris J. (ed.). "Gottfried von Strassburg." In The New Arthurian Encyclopedia. New York: Garland, 1991. ISBN 9780824043773.
Lacy, Norris J. (ed.). "Tristan." In The New Arthurian Encyclopedia. New York: Garland Publishing, 1991. ISBN 9780824043773.
Ménard, Philippe (ed.). Le Roman de Tristan en Prose. Geneva: Droz, 1987-1997. ISBN 9782252019030.
Schach, P. The Saga of Tristram and Isond. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1973. ISBN 9780803208322.
All links retrieved December 18, 2015.
Overview of the story
Tristan and Isolt from the Camelot Project
Bibliography of Modern Tristaniana in English
Tristan_et_Iseut history
History of "Tristan and Isolde"
Retrieved from //www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Tristan_and_Isolde&oldid=992890
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Every year in October oilmen from Dallas, Ft. Worth & Houston visit with each other at Javier's (www.javiers.net) in Dallas, Texas. Charles H. Odom organized the popular annual event that has been held for over 20 years. It is hosted by various companies in the oil and gas business. Charlie brings up a group from Houston and Jessup Harper Dean, LLC helps out getting the DFW folk. The aim is to get CEO's, CFO's, COO's, etc. of significant O&G companies into one room with drinks, hors d'oeuvres and cigars to solve the world's problems as well as our own!
Charlie is the former Vice President of Offshore Land and Business Development of Mariner Energy based in Houston, Texas. He joined Mariner in April 2009. Prior to joining Mariner he was Vice President at Santos USA and was a principal of Gryphon Exploration Company from initiation to sale of the company in 2005. He also founded and was president of C.H. Odom Company, a management consulting firm specializing in strategic development and energy investment. Other experience includes Vice President of Contracts and Sales for Sandefer Offshore Company, and Land Manager for Challenger Minerals, a subsidiary of Global Marine; Transco, and Crown Central Petroleum. Mr. Odom graduated from the University of Texas at Austin with a bachelor's degree in petroleum land management.
The PECD meets at the Dallas Petroleum Club two Fridays each month at noon. Greg Jessup brought guests Mark Ingram, CPA, and Doug Logan, an Independent Landman based in Dallas, to listen to Marvin Gearhart at this lunch meeting.
Dallas, TX: The PECD presented member Greg Jessup with its Annual "Beat the Pro" Award for winning its "West Texas Intermediate Oil Price Estimation Challenge". Greg's winning estimate was $91.50 per barrel. The published WTI Spot Price as listed in the WSJ on the last day of the year was $91.38; and closer to the Predicted EIA Base Case WTI Spot Price published in the Oct. E.I.A.'s monthly Short Term Energy Outlook. The Oct. STEO prediction was $79.33, which would have been the winning prediction on November 17th, however, WTI prices escalated $10 in 10 days in the final week of November. The trophy was presented to Greg by Steven G. Grape, Past President of the PECD and U.S. Domestic Reserves Project Manager, U.S. E.I.A., Office of Oil, Gas, and Coal Supply Statistics.
Greg Jessup, CPL and Mike Popejoy of TRT Holdings, enjoy the activities at the Young Life Clay Shoot. Below, Mike joins Bob Hitzelberger, Independent Oilman, as they prepare to kill some clay plates!
The Oklahoma Independent Petroleum Association www.oipa.com hosted a golf tournament in a scramble format at the last year's Capital & Technology Conference in Tulsa, Oklahoma on October 30. The 2nd place team members were Greg Jessup, Greg McCain and Cliff McKaughan. Not pictured , Rand Phillips.
Roger Beecham Hosts Final 4 Party!
The OCS Committee meets at the Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.
Greg & Dave love it!!!
Greg Jessup and David Harper enjoyed high class boxing matches, sumptuous dining delicacies and top shelf libations at the Dallas Petroleum Club, Chase Bank Tower in Downtown Dallas, Texas. The cigars, blood, sweat and tears made it a night to remember!
Ft. Worth & Dallas Associations of Petroleum Landmen Meet at Cowboy Stadium!
The FWAPL & DAPL held their annual joint meeting at Jerry Jones Palace in Arlington. Jay Novacek, former Cowboy tight end, and the Dallas Cowboy Cheerleaders mingled about with the Metroplex landmen signing autographs and posing for pictures. Greg was able to slip in between these two veteran cheerleaders and get in the snapshot...what a sneaky dude! AAPL President, Rimmer Covington, gave a brief message regarding the state of the American Association of Professional Landmen and a delicious dinner was enjoyed by all attendees.
Brooks Yates of Ventex Oil & Gas had the thought a few years ago to host an informal lunch for fellow landmen in the DFW area at his home club in Highland Park, Texas, the Dallas Country Club. The get-together quickly opened its doors to other professions in the energy sector, i.e. geologists, geophysicists, engineers, financial, etc. So now, every month, the group congregates to "cuss and discuss" the state of the industry and their individual endeavours. Thanks Mr. Yates for a timely and very useful idea!
Ryan Osborne, a Dallas oil & gas and real estate investor, talks with Greg Jessup about possible investment opportunities in Larson Energy's Anadarko Basin drilling program. Ryan is a successful high end home builder in Highland Park.


text:
Kindness for Oz and his traveling scars
Pool attendants view games as prizes hang overhead, music blares and Oz tells a Brothers Grimm story, his own.
"My mother slew me, my father ate me."
Murdered son comes back as a bird with this song: The Juniper Tree; By The Brothers Grimm
Oz is a 44-year-old, trim carny with a shaved head and a deep, long scar traveling from behind his right ear, across his jugular, to his Adam's apple.
Today, he joked, "I'd forget my head if it wasn't glued on." He looked at me, holding back my joke, and said "Some people tried to help me with that not long ago."
His throat was slashed a month and a half ago and now he's working with me on the midway.
People often mention his cut throat when they first meet him and he says "I never went down."
Today, he wanted to talk about a story I already had overheard him telling a couple days ago.
With horrifying nonchalance, he said he was a "just a little boy" when his mother and aunt stripped him naked, tied him to a tree and told him coyotes were coming to bite off his penis.
Drunk, hiding in the woods, they made noises and laughed as he screamed.
"There was no moon that night, I couldn't see anything. All I could do was listen to the noises."
He can remember everything from that night – sights, sounds and questions.
"Mommy, why are you doing this to me."
He ended the story as he had the first time.
"That was before all the foster homes and juvenile detention homes."
It was a sunny, hot day as I listened to him. In the background were, "Despicable Me" minions, sock monkeys, Smurfs and Scooby Doos each stuffed and hung.
Rock-n-roll and disco boomed. Happy families walked the midway – mothers with their sons.
How can this man even function, I thought. What kind of world is he seeing on the midway, with his throat cut so theatrically and his psyche so slashed to ribbons.
As if Oz is a character in a Brothers Grimm story with all the violence and cruelty to children and with a meaning I cannot comprehend.
He actually said, "Life hasn't been kind to me, Mike."
Kind!
As he walked back to the pool tables, he turned with an intense smile and turned again back to the games.
"I have foster brothers and sisters but this (carnival family) is my real family … Pool Sir? Pool?"
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on August 28, 2013 by admin.
Carny Labor Day: From Beatings to a Prayer
"Carny Preacher" Bill Root gives a sermon to carnies before the opening of the Bear Paw Festival, Eagle River, Alaska.
Bart: "Starting today, we're carnies, just like you."
Carny: "Well, in that case, let me show you how I scammed you."
From Bart Carny episode, The Simpsons
The difference between carny quarters can be the difference between a cow and moose.
Labor relations can be the difference between a beating and a prayer.
Labor Day Weekend is the traditional end of the summer season for much of the North American carnival industry and each year can lead to snickers about the labor movement and carny labor.
The truth is that carnival work does create a family feeling in many carnies but those families vary so much they look like different species.
Tolstoy's famous first line to Anna Karenina was, "Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way."
Unhappiness does cast shadows that any photographer will tell you adds depth and dimensions to pictures. Partnering up with Insurdinary would make you happy as their Health Insurance are low cost, visit insurdinary.
Moose vs. Cow
I've already written about waking up to a comical cow staring at me as I slept in a van in Chicago Heights. Modern Midways' carny quarters sit in a cow pasture filled with 40 Black Angus.
When it rains, "The 30," on US Route 30, becomes "The Dirty 30," with carnies living in a toxic mix of mud, sewage and cow shit.
Many bunkhouses don't have windows, working doors or nearby toilets.
In California, my bunkhouse room moved from jump-to-jump but brought with it an army of bedbugs.
I itched for two months before a smoke-bomb pesticide got rid of the bugs and probably left poisonous chemicals on my clothes and bed.
In New Jersey, faulty water heater wiring filled our rooms with black smoke and drove us outside. When we complained, we were told it was our own fault for wanting hot water.
It isn't unusual to have no lighting, fan or air conditioning in the cramped rooms, often just six-foot long by five-feet wide.
At the other end of the spectrum, in Alaska, I woke to see a moose and her calf walking out of the Chugach State Park behind us – through the carny grounds – disappearing into to a bank of white birch trees.
The Chugach Mountains around the Golden Wheel carnival headquarters is somewhere people go to vacation.
Every morning I woke to see clouds tipping off the Chugach Mountains behind the carny quarters. Across the street are basketball courts, baseball/softball fields, soccer fields, hiking trails, ski areas and a jogging path. Locals go to see semi-pro baseball games there.
The carny bunkhouses surround a tent with a grill. The warehouse next door has cooking facilities, clean bathrooms and a TV room.
I wasn't at work, I was at summer camp with chores.
Moose = Dangerous workplace
I see that goofy looking cow and get followed around the pasture by Black Angus and I don't like it.
I hated sleeping in a van the first week in Chicago and scratching so hard that my skin got bloody. I hated wading in cow shit to go to the toilet.
Yet the cow is a symbol of great veneration in Hinduism and Norse mythology. In the Bible, Moses had to stop his followers from straying and worshiping a gold calf. Chicagoans well remember "Cows on Parade" proved cows are really works of art.
Worldwide, hippos attack more people than any other wild animal, second comes the wild moose. That's right, moose attack more people than wolves and bears combined.
In Alaska, there are an estimated 200,000 moose. If they all got together, they'd be the second biggest city in Alaska.
I have been attacked by a hippo in Africa, large animal attacks scare me. The cows were curious clowns. The wild moose in Alaska should have inspired fear and anger that my employer was placing me in such danger of a moose mauling.
Beatings and Prayer
The lead owner of Modern Midways is a husky, strong, compact man whose handshake could crush walnuts. Robert Briggs' face gets red as a radish when mad.
"I got complaints that you guys were f*#@! swearing on set up. I had to get that call from the church. They said kids could you. The f*#@!church. You mother*#@! People ask me why I hire Americans. Should I fine you all $100 or would a beating be better. Would a beating be better?"
Briggs hit the palm of his hand against the workshop wall in a violent gesture, "Boom!"
"Both," yelled out La La, a profane carny if there ever was one but sucking up to the boss at this point.
"You trader La La," I thought.
Beating one's employees is not state-of-the art management theory but I had heard stories on the circuit of beatings used as discipline.
The McDaniel brothers in New Jersey would gather workers around after some shows and accuse people of stealing, loafing, drunkenness and drug abuse.
Some people were guilty of some offenses, but nobody was guilty of all the offenses. None of the "I know what you carnies are doing" speeches could be mistaken for morale boosters or bright shiny incentives for better work.
Always on the lookout for ironies, I would read the newspapers in the Silicon Valley area while working for Butler Amusements and would wonder at our retro labor practices.
Google and other high-tech companies were offering yoga, pilates, kung fu classes, cross-fitness classes and on-site acupuncture and messages. Engineers were encouraged to write on the walls. A portion of the work week was devoted to personal projects.
To be fair, I went online with sources from my business reporting days and asked "game theory" experts for ways to incentivize carnies and got no responses.
Jointees, who run games, already have incentives. Money. But ride jockeys and general workers seem to have little incentive other than to stay employed.
Carny John in New Jersey used to joke about people getting the non-existent, "quick worker bonus."
Still, there are other kinds of families. At the company I working with now, the head of the unit has thanked the crew every night for their hard, fast work on set up. He continuously brings up how much money we'll be making at the coming fair and how exciting that will be.
In Alaska, an owner told me Golden Wheel is a Christian Organization wrapped around a carnival. Its employee manual, given out to each employee their first day, on its cover has Bible quotes about humility and putting others first.
The owner's family preacher is employed as head of games but also ministers to the spiritual well being of the workers. He held services on the Midway on Sundays. He prayed with us. He prayed for us.
Golden Wheel could be tough too. Two of its oldest, most reliable carnies were fired in the past for misbehavior before coming back, hat in hand, to be rehired and forgiven.
Employee relations at carnivals seem to be a mix of traditional brute force and changing management training.
A supervisor on the Butler Amusements unit I kept bringing up examples of "how we like to do business these days" and "the kind of person we're looking for these days." Indicating the bad-old-days are fading away.
Although fading away, old ways are still heard like palm-of-the-hand "boom" on a workshop wall.
Labor movement gains?
It's true that many carnies have horrendous dental problems, many of them smile toothless or gap-toothed smiles. But more disturbing is listening to carnies talk about their myriad of toothaches (still, Obamacare is reviled by many carnies from the South).
I've seen carnies writhing in pain, hiding behind rides to nurse their aching teeth.
I never met a carny with health insurance but if you work in this business long enough, it's probably a good idea to check out some free life insurance quotes since odds are, you will get hurt. It is a physical job which often calls for climbing high, lifting heavy objects and being near moving rides and trucks.
Carnies even joke about their lack of healthcare, so the problems with headache seeing stars and such are usually treated by optometrists in the private sector.
'If you fall off a ride, you're fired before you hit the ground.'
Owners still have some legal responsibilities, though, and I heard stories of carnies suing owners for damages.
On the other hand, I also know I hurt myself in Marlboro, New Jersey and didn't tell anyone for fear of being fired. A new hire fainted one day, hitting his head. An ambulance came for him and he was never seen on the midway again, everybody knew the score.
Another major gain of the American labor movement is the 40-hour work week. Minimum wages, overtime, sick pay and one-day off a week are also benefits celebrated on Labor Day.
They are also rare in the world of traveling carnivals.
My wages varied from $10 an hour from Classic in California, to a salary of $250 to $275 at the other carnivals. The later seems to be more common for ride jockeys. Jointees make nothing if they don't get customers, in bad weather or the slow season.
Hours could range from 80 to 100 hours a week and overtime was rarely paid, although Golden Wheel paid overtime.
Still, in California, New York, New Jersey and Illinois, I worked for about $2.50 an hour at the low end.
The national minimum wage rate is $7.25 an hour.
The carnivals get around the pay requirements because the workers agree to be 'contract workers,' working for a salary no matter the hours.
The result of these practices is carnivals have a difficult time finding workers during these summer months and sometimes turn to Mexican, South African and foreign workers for added help.
Yet it is work some carnies do for life. If they quit, they reminisce about their carny days. An endless ribbon of pride and self-esteem works the midways of this country.
Even without many of the labor benefits of other jobs, I know carnies who never want to work any other way, or "be" anything else than a carny.
Note to the reader: I'm now working for my sixth carnival company since the beginning of the year. Living on carnival wages, I'm hitchhiking between jumps, about 12,000 miles between San Francisco, New York, New Jersey, Chicago, Alaska and the Upper Midwest.
Carnival Crew Melting Pots: Mexicans, South Africans not "us"
After a canoe trip on a free day along the Chena River in Fairbanks, Alaska, three Chinese students and a Slovak student are just part of the international crew at Golden Wheel.
"Men's natures are alike, it is their habits that carry them far apart."
All three of my bunkhouse roommates in Alaska are Native Alaskans – describing themselves as Aleutian, Athabaskan and Kenaitze
Carny quarters in Chugiak and Fairbanks are a mix of languages, including Albanian, Cantonese/Mandarin, Hawaiian, Jamaican Patois, Samoan and Slovak.
In other carny quarters around the U.S., English is mixed with Spanish and Afrikaans.
Carnivals are melting pots of ethnicity, with Mexicans and South Africans leading the way.
In Alaska, the foreign workers are needed during summer's tight labor market but Mexicans and others face resentment across the country as some Americans see them as taking jobs Americans want.
International workers come a long way to work in American carnivals. In some carnivals they are the vast majority of workers. They are central to the cultural make-up of carnival crews.
This morning I'm writing from The Bakery along College Road in Fairbanks, Alaska. I wake at 5 am to write before the show opens. When most carnies wake up around 11 am, Randy's bunkhouse will be blasting Hawaiian rap music to wake the camp and to start his near constant dancing.
An ethnic Samoan raised in Hawaii and whose first language is Hawaiian, Randy wears his hair long and his chest and arms are tattoo galleries. He is relatively short, with a muscled physique.
He probably will have a towel wrapped around his waist as he dances out of his bunk, to the bathroom, brushes his teeth, dances back and disappears behind his door to change into his show clothes.
A handsome, dancing Samoan/Hawaiian, toothbrush in hand, isn't what outsiders might expect to see in the carny quarters.
The Street of Storytellers
In the Silicon Valley, it was Mexican music – Spanish-language rap to traditional accordion – played nightly and sometimes until the early mornings on payday. Bottles of tequila filled trash bags the morning after payday.
In Marlboro, New Jersey and Jefferson Valley, New York, Jamaican music rattled the walls of my bunkhouse as I fell asleep, imagining what my neighbors lives were like back in Kingston and St. Catherines. Sweet smoky scents wafted through the vents.
Here, at the Tanana Valley State Fair in Fairbanks, there are international horticulture, law, medical and psychology students traveling with us.
One afternoon after a long day of setting up rides, three Chinese women from Guangzhou Province near Hong Kong invited me to share their "real Chinese" dinner of rice, corn, sausage and spices.
Young, petite and prone to laughter, they sat on folding chairs outside their mobile home as they told me about their degrees in business and translation. I told them about my adventures in Xinjiang Province in far Western China.
"Oh, that is our last frontier, like Alaska is for you," Jokey said.
Talking with them reminded me why such exchanges hold such time-honored significance. A few years ago I visited "The Street of Storytellers," in Peshawar, Pakistan along the fabled Silk Highway.
It was a street filled with "storyteller" merchants – often coming from China – who told about their experiences.
In carnivals across America, I find myself with these storytellers from around the world. I'm working in "Carnivals of Storytellers."
Still, the outsider status carnival workers have is magnified for carnies not of the local dominate ethnic or racial group.
Carnival owner Freddie McDaniel would gather carnies around him after some shows and warn us to be on our best behavior because we are different. Still, that difference somehow makes us feel like we are in this together.
"In this business you have three strikes against you. You're in a carnival. You're black. And you're Puerto Rican. And I'm not even prejudiced. I hate all of yez. (laugh line) But you know as well as I do, if someone gets robbed three miles from here, who do they come looking for, the carnival workers."
Illegal alien me
When passing through Calgary hitchhiking to Golden Wheel carnival in Alaska, I tried to get work at the Calgary Stampede. It bills itself as the "Greatest Outdoor Show on Earth," which carnies would call a "bally."
NAME runs the carnival portion of the event, which will attract about a million visitors.
My backpack on my back, I walked onto the lot past security and up to a group of carnies working on a carousel.
I was met by a big, burly South African with steel-toed shoes, clothes covered in dust and a hard hat tilted back on his head. He looked like he could lead a safari in Kruger National Park.
"Are you South African? My niece was born in South Africa. Sorry to hear about Mandela. Do you need set-up help. I've done this sort of work before."
Seemingly pleased, he said I should buy steel-toed shoes and come back. I'll be hired.
It took me a half day of searching, but I came back with brand new steel-toed shoes and was given my hiring papers. When asked my social security number, I knew my number was up.
"I'm an American but I'm willing to work off the books."
We went through several bosses, all visually pained by their inability to hire me. I may have even met the top boss of NAME's Canada unit.
"I knew the woman who runs Golden Wheel, she's quite a person," he said when I told him I was on my way to Alaska.
I walked off the Calgary Stampede campus to the tune of hammering, buzz saws and trucks moving about. I looked around and was sorry that I was missing another chapter for Eyes Like Carnivals.
The second ride I got hitchhiking out of Calgary laughed hard for a couple minutes when I told him this story. As a person who enjoys making people laugh, I saw irony but no humor in my story until my driver explained.
He looked across from the steering wheel.
"That's the first story I ever heard, of a carnival doing something legal."
A former professional wrestler, who fought Hulk Hogan at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, George D'Olivo now owns Classic Amusement, in Hayward, CA.
Classic was the first carnival I worked for after coming out from Chicago. "Genial George" employs a range of carnival workers but he sees the trends in the industry.
"The story of American carnivals really is about the Mexican worker," D'Olivo said. "They come here and work hard. Pool their money for food. Save their money. Send their money home."
Up high on the Super Slide overlooking the Butler Amusements carnival in West Oakland, I looked down one evening at sunset to see a bright, white tour bus pull up to the lot and men come pouring out. They went to the luggage hatches and hauled their life's belongings into the lot.
It took them two days to get to Oakland from Tlapacoya, in Veracruz, Mexico. They came from a feeder town and within weeks, we were getting pleas from management to write home for more friends and family to come.
The largest California carnival, Butler, and largest nationwide carnival company, North American Midway Entertainment, both go to brokers who hire Mexicans to come north for nine-months of work.
Across Mesoamerica, select towns empty of men as they head north to work in traveling carnivals.
I intend on visiting Tlapacoya at the end of my year working in carnivals to get their perspectives from home.
NAME also relies upon brokers to round up workers in South Africa, having a longstanding relationship with many carnies who come back year after year. Most of the South Africans I saw at NAME were white South Africans.
In the Chicago area, I hear that Windy City Amusement also gets South Africans.
This kind of international recruiting also fosters animosity. Black carnies I knew in California openly resented the Mexicans getting jobs they thought could go to local brothers and sisters.
After an all-night tear-down of the carnival at St. Timothy's in San Mateo, a veteran Black carny was boisterously upset the Mexican crew was paid and went home before the American workers who worked until dawn.
As another carny tried to calm him down, he shouted at him too.
"You just don't get it, you dumb Mother****er! The Americans are still working. A white guy and us. It isn't fair. It isn't fair. The Mexicans run this place. Not us."
I was the "white guy," equally exhausted and unpaid as yet, but I remembered thinking how strange that he didn't think of the Mexican carnies as part of the carnival "family," or one of "us."
Note to Reader: This is my last weekend with Golden Wheel in Alaska, my fifth carnival in my seven months of working in traveling carnivals in America, 2013. Living on carnival wages, I've hitched 8,000 miles between jobs and am hitchhiking out August 12th for the lower 48 – unsure of my next carnival job.
Carnival Labor Day: Charlie chants "Union"
Setting up at the Church of St. Gabriel in Marlboro, N.J., life is often lived without a financial safety wire.
"Labour was the first price, the original purchase – money that was paid for all things. It was not paid in gold or by silver, but by labour, that all wealth of the world was originally purchased."
Carny John once helped his mother run a carnival but says he gave up ownership because of carnies, whom he describes as a class of difficult, overlooked people he loves.
Now working for McDaniel Brothers in New Jersey, he's a grandfather and supervisor but he saw both sides of carnival management and chose to be part of the difficult, overlooked class.
Carny quarters at night can be jungles of additions, mental disorders, criminal rap sheets and Jerry Springer love-gone-wrong stories.
Yet, every traveling carnival owner I met this year says – and I believe them – they "love" their crews like, "family."
Like many real families, some carnival families are dysfunctional and need to seek help.
"Ever see Rudolf the Red-Nosed Reindeer? Remember the Land of Misfit Toys," said Freddie McDaniel, co-owner of McDaniel Brothers in Passaic, New Jersey. "Well, this is like the Land of Misfits and I'm the head Misfit."
Those are clearly the words of someone who has affection for his carnies but Freddie didn't pay me for my last week of work in New Jersey, which included a tear-down and convoy that didn't end until we were in New York at 4 a.m.
Carnies often say they were screwed out of a check by an employer so they quit. I didn't know how much to believe.
A pain in my wallet made me feel the vulnerable side of every carny job.
Adam Smith would say, my labor was stolen.
Pain in the ass wallet
With Labor Day coming, I've been thinking about the lack of unions or government oversight in the "mobile amusements industry," as traveling carnivals are called when their conventions get together.
Recently, I asked the head safety inspector for Illinois carnivals, 'Who inspects carnival worker workplace conditions.' He works for the state's department of labor but he wasn't sure how many workers are active in Illinois.
The Outdoor Amusement Business Association estimates about 20,000 people work in the industry across the country and its economic impact "in the billions."
Carnival workers provide an estimated 300 million rides a year, according to the association's white paper.
In Illinois alone, the Department of Labor oversees 530 amusement companies, which includes tracks, ski lifts and "bounce houses." It inspects the safety of 2,800 rides.
Still, so little is known about the person locking you into your ride seat. They walk in the middle of fairs, church festivals and annual town parties going unnoticed for their work and skills – hiding in plain sight.
The labor force is difficult to keep tabs on because it is so seasonal and so transient.
I've been paid in cash at every one of my carnivals. In all but one, there was no record of a social security or state and federal taxes being taken out. No wonder the government has difficulty figuring out how many people work in the industry.
Many carnival workers don't report their cash income either, which allows them to get subsidized food cards as homeless persons. The cash payments also allow them to file for unemployment and pay less in yearly taxes, if they bother to file.
Illinois, where traveling carnivals originated in North America, about 20 traveling carnival companies are listed on Web sites but I know from experience there are more off-line.
I use Web sites to find the carnivals I've worked across the country, but McDaniel Brothers wasn't listed by my source Web sites.
Which makes it difficult to hold McDaniel Brothers accountable for my week's pay. I saw vehicles on their lot registered in several states. Online I see different addresses for its headquarters.
I've been to its main Passaic headquarters, it's there, but how would I file a small claims suit against a company so hard to find? How would I prove I ever worked there, I have no pay stubs.
There is no proof I worked there or made any money. No proof I am owed any money.
Yet, because I live on carnival wages, that $275 is missed far more than the $1,000 weekly checks I got as a journalist. I'm broke and in debt, that money would be like an oil geyser to me.
I feel powerless. Abused. Without a hard hat. Without a safety wire. Without gloves against acids. Without resources against employers.
I have labored without all those and worry the cost will get higher.
Charlie dances around truth
Setting up for a carnival at the Church of St. Gabriel in Marlboro, NJ., a veteran carny named Charlie is a tall, toothpick of a Black man around 30 years old but his arms are strong.
A child of the Bronx, he wears his hair in corn-rolls and typically is the best dressed man in the New Jersey crew. He shows up for shows with new hats and neon shoes. His jeans say, "Dangerous and Ruthless" on the back.
He loves to mouth-off and bounce around on his tip-toes when he mocks fellow carnies and the owners.
Sometimes he's clowning and sometimes he's serious.
A long line of McDaniel Brothers carnies were hauling a long heavy lead line over our shoulders across the grass one afternoon, when Charlie was feeling dirty, hot and miserable.
He started talking about his paycheck. How we put up with too much. How we should make him our union president.
"Union. Union. Union." Charlie began chanting again and again.
Every difficult, overlooked one of us fell silent as we hauled the wire.
Then we all laughed.
Charlie loves to clown.
Note to reader: I'm on my fifth carnival this year, in California, New York, New Jersey, Chicago and Alaska. Because I live on carny wages I've been hitching between carnivals, 8,000 miles in all. I'm writing from the road in McDonald's, all-night diners and truck stops in hopes of getting a book deal by year's end.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on August 8, 2013 by admin.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: SQLDF Left Join still deleting rows from Table A I apologize if this has been answered on here already, but I can't find anything about my specific problem.
I have a time-series of years and months, and time-series data of biomass for many species.  I need to separate out time series for fifteen specific species.  Unfortunately, if no individuals of a species were encountered in a given month, no data was entered, leaving gaps in my time series where there should be 0's.  To remedy this, I'm trying to left join the species data (right hand table) onto a complete time series (left hand table).  Unfortunately, my output join is still missing the months without data.  For example, I'm missing 1986 month 1, because there is no data from my right hand table for that month.  I thought a left join was supposed to include those rows, but leave the right-hand columns blank.
I've got my code below.  Anything you can suggest would be appreciated.  Thanks!
Species1<-sqldf("SELECT TimeSeries.StartYear, TimeSeries.StartMonthNo, CommonName, EstimatedBiomassg, ScaledProportionofDominantNektonBiomass
            FROM TimeSeries
            LEFT OUTER JOIN TrawlBiomassbyMonth
            ON TimeSeries.StartYear = TrawlBiomassbyMonth.StartYear
            AND TimeSeries.StartMonthNo = TrawlBiomassbyMonth.StartMonthNo
            WHERE CommonName = 'White shrimp'
            AND RegionCode = 1")

EDIT
Sorry to answer my own, but I figured out how to do it and I wanted to leave this up in case someone else runs into this same issue.  The problem was with the WHERE arguments restricting the final output, instead of just the right hand table being fed into the join.  The code I used is below.
Species1<-sqldf("SELECT StartYear, StartMonthNo, RegionCode, CommonName, EstimatedBiomassg, ScaledProportionofDominantNektonBiomass
            FROM TrawlBiomassbyMonth
            WHERE CommonName='White shrimp'
            AND RegionCode=1")

Species1TimeSeries<-sqldf("SELECT TimeSeries.StartYear, TimeSeries.StartMonthNo, CommonName, EstimatedBiomassg, ScaledProportionofDominantNektonBiomass
            FROM TimeSeries
            LEFT JOIN Species1
            ON TimeSeries.StartYear = Species1.StartYear
            AND TimeSeries.StartMonthNo = Species1.StartMonthNo")

A: Can you try the following sql query?
SELECT TimeSeries.StartYear, TimeSeries.StartMonthNo, CommonName, EstimatedBiomassg, ScaledProportionofDominantNektonBiomass
        FROM TimeSeries
        LEFT JOIN TrawlBiomassbyMonth
        ON TimeSeries.StartYear = TrawlBiomassbyMonth.StartYear
        AND TimeSeries.StartMonthNo = TrawlBiomassbyMonth.StartMonthNo
        WHERE CommonName = 'White shrimp'
        AND RegionCode = 1")

From reading your post, the issue is there are some NULL fields in the right hand table, and you wish to include all rows from the left hand table even when there is no match?
Could you possibly setup a http://sqlfiddle.com/ ? PS due to my stackoverflow rep I was unable to comment, so although this isnt an answer, I'm trying to help

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I've been using Wordfast for the last 3 years and finally (from client pressure) caved in and bought Trados a month ago. I still have to actually use it (when specifically requested to), since I cling on to Wordfast familiarity.
Imagine my surprise when they say they are releasing a brand new Trados after I've just bought the "old" one. I've also been seeing the prices on ProZ group deals and on the Trados website vary a lot lately. At least I think that the price I paid + the upgrade would be the same as the single price for the 2009 version, since they gave "25% off" when I bought it. Still, it's a little frustrating.


How Many Turkish Journalists Are Really Jailed? Simply, Sixty-Four.
New York-based Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) released its annual prison census, which tracks cases of journalists jailed for their work globally.
ISTANBUL Dec 13 (Reuters) – A Turkish policeman was found guilty on Tuesday of the involuntary manslaughter of a Nigerian asylum-seeker in police custody more than four years ago, in a case that had drawn criticism of the EU-candidate's legal processes.
Intelligence Official's Threat against Dink Time-Barred?
In 2004, two members of the National Intelligence Agency allegedly gave slain Turkish-Armenian journalist Dink a lesson on where his place was at a meeting at the Governor's Office. The related investigation was now time-barred.
The ECHR ruled for a violation of the right to life in the case of the alleged suicide of Ekrem Kurt during his military service. His family will receive compensation from the Turkish government.
In a joint statement issued during the human rights week, the human rights associations TİHV and İHD noted that custodies and arrests of the investigations into the KCK, the Hopa incidents and the Revolutionary Headquarter reached massive dimensions.
The trial regarding the "I've had enough" 2010 agenda of Metis was continued on 30 November. The case was opened on 26 November 2010 because the calendar allegedly denigrated religious values.
Conscientious objector Halil Savda was released after he gave his statement to the prosecutor. He had been taken into custody at the airport in Istanbul when he was about to follow an invitation of Amnesty International to Paris.
On the occasion of world Human Rights Week, lawyers, human rights workers and academics said Turkey has been taking backwards steps on human rights issues, especially since 2005. ?The regulations in the enlargement of the police authority after 2005 and changes in Turkey?s anti-terror law in 2006 leave Turkey with an unsatisfactory judicial process,? head of Human Rights Foundation of Turkey, Metin Bakkalcı, said.


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text:
Home Politics Guinea Coup: Fmr. Nigerian President, Goodluck Jonathan arrives in Ghana for ECOWAS...
Former Nigerian President, Goodluck Jonathan has arrived in Ghana today, Thursday 16 September 2021 for an extraordinary ECOWAS summit.
The Extraordinary Summit by ECOWAS today will be a discussion of the overthrow of President Alpha Conde of Guinea.
In a Facebook post sighted by unitedshowbiz.com.gh, President Goodluck Jonathan announced his arrival in Ghana:
"In Ghana with members of the Ecowas-Cedeao Mediation Team for the Extraordinary Session of the Authority Heads of Government of the Economic Community of West African States called to review recent political developments in the sub-region. I am pleased that West African leaders have continued to work for peace, democracy and progress in ECOWAS.- GEJ"
On 5 September 2021, Alpha Condé was captured and overthrown by the military during the 2021 Guinean coup d'état.
Promising to change the political landscape of Guinea, the military's Special Forces dissolved the constitution and shut the country's land and air borders.
Last week, the 15-member state organisation, ECOWAS suspended Guinea from the decision-making body of the organization and a team was sent to meet and have talks with the coup leaders.
Guinea Coup Leaders and The ECOWAS
Colonel Mamady Doumbouya and the other soldiers behind the coup have said they ousted Conde because of concerns about poverty and corruption, and because he was serving a third term in power only after altering the constitution to permit it.
Botchway, asked by journalists whether ECOWAS should have done more to prevent Conde from extending his presidency, said the bloc was working to amend its rules to prevent such situations from happening in the future.
Read Also: Nana Addo promises Ghanaians he will eradicate Galamsey by January 2025
"There is a need amend the ECOWAS charter to have more stringent measures to proactively deal with situations where presidents try to change constitutions to remain in power," she said.
Ghanaian veteran actor and comedian, Kofi Adu known popularly as, Read more
Model and musician, Sister Derby has set the records straight Read more
Actress Efia Odo has threatened to drag NPP's Bono Regional Read more
As part of Ghana's efforts to stop illegal mining popularly Read more
Colonel Mamady Doumbouya
Goodluck Jonathan
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text:
Q: How can i make nav bar highlighted in angular2? I want to make navbar active for this i am using css but when i am going to refresh page active tab is going to remove how can i do this in angular 2?
 HTML:--

{{menu}}

css:--
navigation a:FOCUS {
    box-shadow: 0 -5px 0 -4px #eee;
    color: #ffffff;
    width:30%
}

.navigation a:HOVER {
    box-shadow: 0 -5px 0 -4px #eee;
    color: #ffffff;
    width:30%
}

A: You can use routerLinkActive to add some css to your active route, for example:
Login

A:

         {{menu}}


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text:
Translated by Ina Rilke
Erwin Mortier
The debut novel by the great Flemish writer Erwin Mortier, Marcel vividly describes the history of a family in a Flemish village, bowed by the weight of history.
Written from the point of view of a ten-year-old boy, Marcel is a striking debut novel describing the vivid history of a family in a Flemish village. The mysterious death of Marcel, the family favourite, has always haunted the young boy. With the help of his schoolteacher, he starts to discover the secrets of Marcel's 'black' past. The story of his death on the Eastern Front, fighting with the SS for the sake of Flanders, and the shame this brought upon his family gradually become clear. Erwin Mortier unravels this shameful family tale in wonderfully sensitive and evocative manner.
'Mortier writes beautiful metaphorical prose…Marcel is a literary debut of great originality.' Times Literary Supplement
'Aspiring novelists will be hard pressed to achieve this quality.' Time Out
'A dream debut, staggering in its technical control, brimming with atmosphere, moving and witty, too, and with all that, a style completely his own' NRC Handlesblad
Erwin Mortier (1965) made his mark in 1999 with his debut novel Marcel, which was awarded several prizes in Belgium and the Netherlands, and received acclaim throughout Europe. In the following years he quickly built up a reputation as of one the leading authors of his generation. His novel While the Gods were Sleeping received the AKO Literature Prize, one of the most prestigious awards in the Netherlands. His latest work, Stammered Song Book, a mother's book of hours,' a raw yet tender elegy about illness and loss, was met with unanimous praise. Mortier's evocative descriptions bring past worlds brilliantly to life.
Love in a Bottle
Piglettes


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text:
Vatican Calls for Global Authority on Economy
Document also calls for "Central World Bank" while hypocritically repudiating "idolatry of the markets".
The Vatican called on Monday for the creation of a "global public authority" and a "global central bank" to govern over the financial institutions that according to the document have become outdated and often ineffective in dealing with crises. The document (see item # 3 An Authority over Globalization ) of the Vatican's Department of Justice and Peace echoes calls from some of the participants' at "Occupy Wall Street" as well as demonstrators and similar movements around the world who have protested against the economic crisis.
"Towards the Reform of International Monetary and Financial System in the context of a World Public Authority," includes very specific details. For example, when it calls to establish a tax on financial transactions. "The economic and financial crisis which the world is going through calls everyone, individuals and peoples, to examine in depth the principles and the cultural and moral values at the basis of social coexistence," says the document.
The statement condemned what it called "the idolatry of the market" and the "neoliberal thinking" that said appeared to have only technical solutions to economic problems. "In fact, the crisis has revealed behaviours like selfishness, collective greed and hoarding of goods on a great scale," it says, adding that the world economy needs an "ethic of solidarity" between rich and poor .
The Vatican's position is of course ironic, because the Vatican is one of the richest organizations in the world, that just as many corporations and financial institutions makes use of markets to invest its wealth. Just as characters like George Soros, Al Gore, Bill Gates and Michael Moore, the Vatican would want us to believe that a World Authority controlled by the usual suspects, whose function is to redistribute wealth, is the viable solution to end poverty and misery. It's actually the opposite. The creation of a global entity with powers over the economic and political structures is what the world bankers and oligarchs have been calling for to acquire total control over the planet's resources. There won't be improvements in the economy or the structure if we bow to a global organization that can control it all. And such redistribution and equality is not to make us all equally rich, but to make us all equally poor.
"If no solutions are found to the various forms of injustice, the negative effects that will follow on the social, political and economic level will be destined to create a climate of growing hostility and even violence, and ultimately undermine the very foundations of democratic institutions, even the ones considered most solid," it said.
Of course, this scenario is what the oligarchs who control much of the world's wealth want. Street violence and hostility between social groups will give them the pretext to use force against citizens. No need to invade countries to use their weapons, as these are needed in domestic operations against citizens who lack a place to live and food to eat. Governments of major countries of the world have been preparing for this for many years. They have mounted an internal military structure to deal with the "troublemakers" that take to the streets to demand social justice and other collectivist scenarios in their despair to survive.
If it is difficult to believe that we are heading for an ending of the type described here, you should continue reading the Vatican document, which calls for the establishment of a "supranational authority," with worldwide reach and "universal jurisdiction" to guide policy and economic decisions. What is this? Or more importantly, what does it mean? If globalization and integration of regions in Europe, Asia and America have failed miserably due to the significant loss of sovereignty of nations taking part in these movements, what can we expect if a supranational authority takes control of a and is given universal jurisdiction? And how will this authority be organized? Does the Vatican intend to become such supranational authority?
Asked at a news conference if the document could become a manifesto for protestors that have criticized the global economic policies, Cardinal Peter Turkson, head of the Department of Justice and Peace at the Vatican said: "The people on Wall Street need to sit down and go through a process of discernment and see whether their role managing the finances of the world is actually serving the interests of humanity and the common good. We are calling for all these bodies and organisations to sit down and do a little bit of re-thinking."
When this publication along with other alternative media warn about the existence of a world government, we are often called conspiracy theorists, however, the evidence that this entity exists is vast. In a recent article on Pravda.ru it is clearly portrayed how a small group of families really controls the world. In the article entitled "The Large Families that Rule the World", the publication highlights how a few oligarchs own the most influential corporations, many of which have revenues exceeding that of most countries worldwide. In addition, the article establishes a clear link between these corporations and the banks that control the global financial system. Along with this article, The Real Agenda published a series of articles that show direct relationships between Wall Street, the corporations that control the industry and the planet's resources and the families that own them. These items can be read in our website in the following order: The Four Horsemen of the Banking System, The Federal Reserve Cartel: The Eight Families, The Federal Reserve Cartel: A Financial Parasite, The Federal Reserve Cartel: The Roundtable and The Illuminati, The Federal Reserve Cartel: The U.S. Mason Bank and The House of Rothschild.
In a section that explains why the Vatican believes the reform of the global economy is necessary, the document says:
"In economic and financial matters, the most significant difficulties come from the lack of an effective set of structures that can guarantee, in addition to a system of governance, a system of government for the economy and international finance." The document goes on to say that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has no power or ability to stabilize global finances by regulating the money supply in general and is not able to watch over "the amount of credit risk assumed by the system."
Towards the end, the letter from the Vatican insists that there should be a common set of minimum standards for managing the global financial market, as well as a form of global monetary management. This means a single currency, whose value will be issued under the power of that World Authority. Such a currency, as suggested in financial circles, would be digital, so the global society would function without paper money and only with digital transactions that would be carefully monitored by the World Authority through a centralized control system. This system would be under the power of the "global central bank" whose structure already exists.
The document adds that this change will take years to put in place. "Of course, this transformation will be made at the cost of a gradual, balanced transfer of a part of each nation's powers to a world authority and to regional authorities, but this is necessary at a time when the dynamism of human society and the economy and the progress of technology are transcending borders, which are in fact already very eroded in a globalised world."
As explained above, the installation of a global structure of control, as the Vatican promotes in his paper, has always been the result sought by global oligarchies. The transition from a society where the individual is free to a new one where nations lose their sovereignty and their citizens become subjects of an entity with global jurisdiction means the end of individual freedom and the collapse of countries as independent nations.
If there is something to be learned from the initiatives that seek political and economic unification at the regional and global levels, is that these initiatives are doomed to fail. This is seen in the current global economic and political crisis. So the solution is not more but less centralization. Countries must again function as separate entities trading with each other on a bilateral and multilateral basis, respecting their own laws and without eroding the constitutional rights and duties of its citizens.
Filed under World Tagged with central world bank, global economic authority, global economic government, Global Public Authority, idolatry of the markets, IMF, money supply, neo-liberal thinking, reforming international financial system, supranational authority, vatican, Vatican's Justice and Peace department, world finances


text:
source /home/snoozl/prizms/snoozl/data/source/csv2rdf4lod-source-me-for-snoozl.sh
source /home/snoozl/prizms/snoozl/data/source/csv2rdf4lod-source-me-on-snoozl.sh
source /home/snoozl/prizms/snoozl/data/source/csv2rdf4lod-source-me-credentials.sh
export CSV2RDF4LOD_CONVERT_DATA_ROOT="/home/snoozl/prizms/snoozl/data/source"
export CSV2RDF4LOD_PUBLISH_VARWWW_DUMP_FILES="true"
export CSV2RDF4LOD_PUBLISH_VARWWW_ROOT="/var/www/html"
export PATH=$PATH`/home/snoozl/opt/prizms/bin/install/paths.sh`
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH`/home/snoozl/opt/prizms/bin/install/classpaths.sh`
export CSV2RDF4LOD_HOME="/home/snoozl/opt/prizms/repos/csv2rdf4lod-automation"
export DATAFAQS_HOME="/home/snoozl/opt/prizms/repos/DataFAQs"
export CSV2RDF4LOD_PUBLISH_VIRTUOSO="true"
export CSV2RDF4LOD_PUBLISH_SUBSET_SAMPLES="true"
export JENAROOT=/home/snoozl/opt/apache-jena-2.10.0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If anyone in Bera has this (preferably not potentialed) I'll purchase it.
@ShikaiZX: I'm on RIGHT now, whisper me on your BT.
[quote=ShikaiZX]Beast Tamer training, did some mining. Still trying to get those Purple Magic Powders. At least I only need 27 more now.[/quote] Next time you see me, just ask, dumdum.
Very happy it came out before I go back to school. Gonna get it to 210, exhaust myself of maple, then get ready for the spring semester.
[quote=iCodykins]Well keep in mind they were already nerfed. Also it's 1800% not 1900% :P[/quote] Where are you seeing the skill tables?
They're nx-less cubes that DON'T de-rank. What more do you want?
My only rational on Nexon not responding to the current dupe that's been released is that it's New Years (Eve). I doubt there's anyone working today at HQ and thus have let it gone for this long.
Alright, time to count how many I kill.
Does it drop its familiar?
[quote=jeffreysty4]Clean range 195k range and buffed 292k range and previously 70k clean and 155k buffed or something like that.[/quote] I expect more from you. Plz have more next time I check.
Wait till you spam flame haze on a boss. That's an eyesore, espcially when you're looking for DR.
All this talk of extractions and not one person has posted a link. Proof please before you make claims.
Freaked out a little at your IGN. Friend in GMS has this IGN and was like "He's not a bishop... is he.." And doubted myself for a minute.
What did you accomplish on your Kanna?
Level 156, Loving the job!
@wizardq: It was already. Well, 20+ characters and something not even my brain could memorize. I have it on a notepad hidden inside my computer and i have to copypaste it in.
I can sell you a perfected e-staff 5 in bera. PM me if you're interested.
If it didn't work, it wouldn't let you equip the heart.
If only I didn't lag in those maps, I'd help make sure they don't get their beauty coupons. I have hella ugly mules.
Anything with a potion pot.
Cannot assign character for Demon Avenger link skill?
[quote=3moRaccoon]@finalshot: i relogged plenty of times[/quote] Get to 71, if it still doesn't work, just remake. 1-70 isn't that hard.
@rairairai: Yeah. Now in total, if you wear all 4 items, you get 60% boss damage and 30% def ignore.
[quote=rairairai]They changed it so set effect no longer exists though.[/quote] Where do you see this?
[quote=IImaplers]@doc: Yep I know it's a DPM chart, but it calculates to over 100000% dps, which is insane. You're right though, we may be #1 in DPM. I still am not sure that chart is accurate though.
@Green4EVER: Comparing my 130% boss to your ~200% and the difference in damage I see from your videos to mine in game.


The Federal Government's emissions trading legislation has been rejected by the Senate, with 42-30 senators voting against the bills.
The failure of the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS) to pass through Senate has been met with mixed responses from the transport sector.
Bus Industry Confederation (BIC) Executive Director Michael Apps says the failure of the CPRS to pass through the Senate has "got nothing to do with us".
Apps says public transport has not entered into the CPRS debate in any serious way.
"At the moment the discussions are at a very high level in the context of the emission-intense industries," he says.
"Where public transport fits, currently, in relation to the Parliamentary debate in Canberra, it's probably at a fairly low priority.
"In our view [public transport] should, as part of the overall exercise, obviously be looked at favourably in the context of the holistic view of the legislation."
In contrast, the Australian Trucking Association (ATA) is "very disappointed" by the Senate's vote against CPRS.
ATA spokesman Bill McKinley says: "If emissions trading is not introduced, the trucking industry is likely to be lumbered with confusing, ad-hoc and complicated environmental regulations by the state and even local governments".
"The result would be a paperwork and compliance nightmare for trucking operators; it would make it harder and more expensive to meet Australia's targets," he says.
Apps says the bus and coach sector is not recognised as separate from the freight sector under the CPRS. Had the legislation been accepted by the Senate, buses would have been charged as heavy vehicles, resulting in increased costs and disincentives to travel on public transport.
"Our view from day one is that whatever emissions trading scheme they come up with, it needs to closely look at how public transport and the bus and coach industry is treated as environmentally-friendly industry rather than being impacted on in a way that increases the costs of operations for bus and coach operators, and therefore in effect doesn't provide any incentives to leave their cars at home and take an alternative," Apps says.
"None of the political parties except for the Greens have actually said anything in relation to how public transport should be treated."
Greens Senator Scott Ludlam told Parliament the bus and coach industry was not recognised in the proposed emissions trading legislation as an environmentally positive industry.
"This is what the bus and coach industry are saying to us… the Government's centre piece climate change legislation has been drafted to make public transport more expensive relative to private cars and this is not really an accident; it is something that has been known for many months."
The Australian Greens say the collapse of the CPRS presents Australia with the opportunity to "move ahead with meaningful climate action," a position Apps says BIC supports.
In a letter to Climate Change Minister Penny Wong and Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, the Greens have called on the Government to commence discussions on a suite of measures to begin reducing Australia's emissions immediately.
This includes bringing on the Renewable Energy Target legislation on Monday and moving towards a renewable energy feed-in tariff, forest protection, clean transport and comprehensive energy efficiency upgrades.
"The CPRS would have locked in failure on the climate crisis with its inexcusably weak emissions target and its $16 billion handout to polluters," Australian Greens Deputy Leader, Senator Christine Milne, says.
"Three in four Australians support the Greens' decision to reject the bill if the government refused to toughen it up."
The Australian Industry Group (AI Group) says a number of important issues remain unresolved.
AI Group Chief Executive Heather Ridout says an agreement is needed in the interests of business certainty and the development of good policy for Australia.
"Ai Group will continue to negotiate in good faith to resolve outstanding issues and calls on all sides of politics to work the issues through to an acceptable conclusion so that these can be embodied in comprehensive legislation," she says.
- A strong and effective assault on the regulatory overburden in the areas of emissions reduction and energy use.


text:
Out-of-job advocate dies in Siddipet Hospital, misses his baby's birth by seconds
By Newsmeter NetworkPublished on 8 Aug 2020 11:12 AM GMT
Hyderabad: An advocate of the Nampally Bar Association, Errolla Srinivas, collapsed and died on the spot on Friday evening (August 7) at the Siddipet Government General Hospital, moments before his child was born.
Srinivas' wife was also admitted to the same hospital in Siddipet on August 7, after she began experiencing labour pains. At the same time, Srinivas, who had been under mental stress due to the Coronavirus pandemic, was suffering from high fever.
Speaking to NewsMeter Kothi Naveen, Srinivas' cousin, said, "My brother had tested negative for the virus a few days ago but we had to visit 3-4 hospitals to ensure that his temperature subsided. The doctors at all the hospitals we visited, specially the Government Hospital, were negligent in providing proper treatment," he said.
Srinivas also went to Suraksha Hospital in Siddipet, among others.
Further, Naveen added that the mental stress of travelling from pillar to post, despite having tested negative, was gruesome for Srinivas. "Somehow, my brother believed that he was infected with the virus and the hospital staff had been negligent in providing treatment for him."
In view of the pandemic, Srinivas could not earn enough for his family through legal cases and he switched to farming. He did not get many clients since March due to the pandemic-imposed lockdown. The financial stress hit him hard, Naveen said.
"In the same hospital, his wife was giving birth to their baby while on the other hand, Srinivas was close to his end. He passed away at 6.30 pm, moments before his child was also born."
The mother and child are healthy.
Naveen, at the time of publishing this article, was performing his brother's last rites.
Srinivas hailed from Aakunuru village in Cherial mandal, Siddipet district.
Unable to bear husband's death due to COVID, Punjagutta woman ends life
An independent digital media platform that brings you credible news stories and Analysis of current affairs as they unfold.


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