text:
Billboard (Englisch für 'Plakattafel', 'Anschlagbrett') ist eine US-amerikanische Entertainment-Marke im Besitz der Billboard-Hollywood Reporter Media Group, die eine Abteilung der Eldridge Industries ist. Billboard fungiert heute in erster Linie als Online-Magazin für Nachrichten, Ereignisse und Rezensionen aus der Musikbranche. Des Weiteren ermittelt und veröffentlicht der Medienkonzern die offiziellen US-Verkaufscharts für Musikalben (The Billboard 200), Singles (The Billboard Hot 100) und verschiedener Musikrichtungen. Darüber hinaus organisiert das Unternehmen Veranstaltungen, führt einen Verlag und betreibt verschiedene TV-Shows.

Geschichte

Gründung und Etablierung
Die erste Ausgabe der Zeitschrift Billboard wurde am 1. November 1894 in Cincinnati, Ohio, von William Donaldson und James Hennegan veröffentlicht. Zunächst befasste sich das Magazin mit der Werbe- und Plakatierungsbranche und trug den Titel Billboard Advertising. Während sich Donaldson um die Redaktion und die Werbung kümmerte, leitete Hennegan mit seiner Druckerei Hennegan Printing Co. die Zeitschriftenproduktion. Die ersten Ausgaben waren acht Seiten lang und beinhalteten Kolumnen wie The Bill Room Gossip und The Indefatigable and Tireless Industry of the Bill Poster. Eine Rubrik für landwirtschaftliche Messen wurde im Jahr 1896 gegründet, bevor der Titel der Zeitschrift 1897 in The Billboard geändert wurde.

Nach einem kurzen Produktionsstopp aufgrund redaktioneller Differenzen erwarb Donaldson 1900 Hennegans Geschäftsanteile für 500 US-Dollar (entspricht heute 15.400 US-Dollar), um das Unternehmen vor dem Bankrott zu bewahren. Im Mai 1900 wurde das Konzept des Magazins von einer monatlichen auf eine wöchentliche Erscheinungsfrequenz mit einem Schwerpunkt auf Eilmeldungen abgeändert. Er verbesserte die redaktionelle Qualität und eröffnete neue Büros in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London und Paris. Außerdem wurde der Themenfokus auf die Berichterstattung über Open-Air-Events wie Messen, Karneval und Zirkusse neu angesetzt. Des Weiteren wurden Themen wie Marktregulierung, mangelnde Professionalität, Wirtschaftlichkeit und aktuelle Shows behandelt. Es gab eine Klatsch-Rubrik, die das Privatleben von Entertainern abdeckte, einen Zelt-Show-Abschnitt für Reiseshows und einen Unterabschnitt mit dem Titel Freaks to order. Nach Angaben der Seattle Times veröffentlichte Donaldson auch Artikel, die "die Zensur und Regenbogenpresse angreifen".

Mit der Weiterentwicklung der Eisenbahnen richtete Billboard ein Postweiterleitungssystem für reisende Entertainer ein. Der Standort eines Entertainers konnte im Magazin in der Rubrik Routes Ahead verfolgt werden. Im Namen des Stars erhielt Billboard eine Sendung, woraufhin der Empfänger in der so genannten Letter-Box informiert wurde. Zunächst wurde der Dienst im Jahr 1904 eingeführt und entwickelte sich zu der größten Gewinnquelle des Magazins und konnte nebenbei eine starke Prominähe aufbauen. Bis 1914 nutzten 42.000 Menschen den Dienst. Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs wurde die Billboard-Postadresse von vielen Stars als offizielle Adresse genutzt. Noch in den 1960er Jahren, als das System eingestellt wurde, verarbeitete Billboard 1.500 Briefe pro Woche.

1920 machte Donaldson einen kontroversen Schritt, indem er den afroamerikanischen Journalisten James Albert Jackson beauftragte, eine wöchentliche Kolumne zu schreiben, die afroamerikanischen Künstlern gewidmet wurden. Laut dem Buch The Business of Culture: Strategic Perspectives on Entertainment and Media sorgten die Kolumnen dafür, die Diskriminierung schwarzer Künstler zu identifizieren, und halfen bei der Validierung ihrer Karriere. Jackson war der erste schwarze Kritiker in einer nationalen Zeitschrift mit überwiegend weißem Publikum. Nach Aussagen seines Enkels hat Donaldson auch eine Richtlinie gegen die Identifizierung von Künstlern anhand ihrer Rasse aufgestellt. Donaldson starb im Jahr 1925.

Fokussierung der Musikindustrie
Mit dem Fortschritt der Technik entwickelte sich auch die Berichterstattung des Billboard weiter. Immer mehr rückten die "Wunder der modernen Technologie", seiner Zeit etwa Phonographen, Plattenspieler und drahtlose Radios, in den Fokus. 1899 berichtete das Magazin erstmals über münzbetriebene Unterhaltungsautomaten und widmete derartigen Themen ab März 1932 eine eigene Rubrik mit dem Namen Amusement Machines. Nachdem 1907 kurzfristig auch Neuigkeiten aus der Filmbranche Platz in der Zeitschrift fanden, wurden diese im Zuge der wachsenden Konkurrenz des Branchenblatts Variety nicht weiter verfolgt und die Konzentration vermehrt auf die Musik verlagert. In den 1920er Jahren betrieb das Unternehmen einen Radiosender.

Das Wachstum der Jukebox-Industrie während der Weltwirtschaftskrise, nahm sich das Magazin zum Einlass, diesem Thema vermehrte Aufmerksamkeit zu widmen, wodurch sich der redaktionellen Fokus auf Musik verdichtete. Am 4. Januar 1936 veröffentlichte Billboard die erste Musikhitparade und führte im Januar 1939 einen Record Buying Guide ein. In den 1940er Jahren folgten eigene Chart-Rubriken für Bestseller und Jukeboxen. Das Magazin entwickelte sich zu jener Zeit mit großen Schritten zu einer Fachzeitschrift. Aufgrund der wachsenden Vielfalt an Musikinteressen und -genres stieg die Anzahl der veröffentlichten Chartlisten nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg auf bis zu 28.

Zwischen 1946 und 1948 wurden neue Büros in Brighton, Ohio, und New York City eröffnet. Nachdem im November 1950 ein neues Tabloid-Format eingeführt wurde, wurde ab Januar 1963 erstmals gestrichenes Papier verwendet, um den Fotojournalismus voranzutreiben. Ebenfalls wurde in den 1950er Jahren monatlich ein eigenes Fachmagazin für Süßwaren- und Zigarettenautomatenanbieter veröffentlicht. Dieses trug den Titel Vend. Parallel kam unter dem Namen Tide auch eine Werbefachzeitschrift auf den Markt. Bis 1969 veröffentlichte die Billboard Publications Inc. elf unterschiedliche Handels- und Verbrauchermagazine, führte einen eigenen Verlag, eine Kassettenserie und vier Fernseh-Franchise-Unternehmen.

Im Januar 1961 wurde Billboard in Billboard Music Week umbenannt, um sein neues exklusives Interesse an Musik hervorzuheben. Zwei Jahre später erschien es wieder unter Billboard. Dem The New Business Journalism zufolge entwickelte sich Billboard bis zum Jahr 1984 zum marktführenden Berichterstatter im Bereich Musikindustrie.

Wechsel der Eigentümer
Billboard kämpfte wenige Jahre nach dem Tod seines Gründers William Donaldson im Jahr 1925 mit dem Bankrott. Donaldsons Schwiegersohn Roger Littleford übernahm 1928 die Führung des Unternehmens und sorgte dafür, dass das Magazin wieder schwarze Zahlen schrieb. Seine Söhne Bill und Roger wurden 1946 Mitherausgeber und erbten die Marke Ende der 1970er Jahre nach Littlefords Tod. 1985 verkauften sie das Unternehmen für geschätzte 40 Millionen US-Dollar an private Investoren. Die Investoren senkten die Kosten und übernahmen die Fachzeitschrift Backstage, die sich mit der Broadway-Theaterindustrie beschäftigte.

1987 wurde Billboard für 100 Millionen US-Dollar an Affiliated Publications verkauft. Billboard Publications Inc. agierte infolge dessen unter dem Namen BPI Communications als eine Tochtergesellschaft von Affiliated Publications. Sie erwarben mitunter die Zeitschriften The Hollywood Reporter, Adweek, Marketing Week und Mediaweek. Des Weiteren übernahmen sie das High-Tech-Unternehmen Broadcast Data Systems zur Verfolgung der Sendezeit von Musik. Wenige Zeit später wurden zwei Drittel der BPI-Anteile von privaten Investoren von Boston Ventures sowie BPI-Führungskräften für rund 100 Millionen US-Dollar zurückgekauft. 1993 wurde für musikbezogene Veröffentlichungen eine eigene Abteilung namens Billboard Music Group gegründet.

1994 wurde Billboard Publications Inc. für 220 Millionen US-Dollar an das niederländische Medienimperium Verenigde Nederlandse Uitgeverijen verkauft. Im Jahr 2000 fusionierte BPI mit anderen Tochterunternehmen von VNU zu Bill Communications Inc. Bis 2003 expandierte VNU um ein Vielfaches, verschuldete sich jedoch durch die hohe Anzahl an Akquisitionen. Ein versuchter Erwerb des Konzerns im Jahr 2005 von IMS Health im Wert von 7 Milliarden US-Dollar führte zu großen Protesten. Im Jahr 2006 wurde einem Übernahmeangebot von Investoren in Höhe von 11 Milliarden US-Dollar zugestimmt.

VNU änderte 2007 seinen Namen in The Nielsen Company. Der Name geht auf ein Unternehmen zurück, das VNU 1999 für 2,5 Milliarden US-Dollar erwarb. Der neue CEO Robert Krakoff veräußerte einige der zuvor im Besitz befindlichen Marken, restrukturierte die Organisation und plante einige Akquisitionen, bis er 2007 plötzlich verstarb. Anschließend wurde er durch Greg Farrar ersetzt.

2009 wurde Billboard als es eine von acht Marken an die e5 Global Media Holding verkauft. E5 wurde als B2B-Medienkonzern von den Investmentfirmen Pluribus Capital Management und Guggenheim Partners gegründet. Im folgenden Jahr wurde die neue Muttergesellschaft in Prometheus Global Media umbenannt. Drei Jahre später erwarb Guggenheim Partners den Anteil von Pluribus an Prometheus und wurde alleiniger Eigentümer von Billboard.

Im Dezember 2015 gliederte Guggenheim Digital Media mehrere Marken, darunter Billboard aus. Diese wurden vom neuen Geschäftsführer Todd Boehly übernommen. Die Vermögenswerte laufen als Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group und stellen eine Einheit der Holdinggesellschaft Eldridge Industries dar.

Seit den 1990er Jahren
Von 1991 bis zu seinem unerwarteten Tod im Jahr 2002 war Timothy White Chefredakteur des Magazins. White schrieb wöchentliche eine Kolumne, in der er Musik mit "künstlerischem Wert" lobte, während er Musik dessen Themen Gewalt und Frauenfeindlichen beinhaltete kritisierte. Des Weiteren überarbeitete er die Chart-Auswertung. Anstatt sich auf Daten von Musikhändlern zu verlassen, wurden nun eigene Auswertungen erhoben. Dabei wurde das von Mike Fine und Mike Shalett kreierten Nielsen-SoundScan-System eingesetzt, bei dem die Daten direkt an der Kasse gesammelt werden. Auch konzentrierte sich White auf das Schreiben von Musiker-Profilen. In den folgenden Jahrzehnten litt das Magazin unter dem wirtschaftlichen Rückgang der Musikindustrie. Dies ging mit einem Verlust von über 20.000 Lesern einher. Auch das Personal und die Eigentumsverhältnisse des Magazins rotierten regelmäßig.

2004 reichte der Autor Keith Girard infolge seiner Kündigung gemeinsam mit einer Mitarbeiterin eine Klage in Höhe von 29 Millionen US-Dollar ein. Billboard wurde beschuldigt mit der Kündigung auf Rufschädigung abzuzielen. Des Weiteren war von sexueller Belästigung, einem feindlichen Arbeitsumfeld sowie einem finanziell motivierten Mangel an redaktioneller Integrität die Rede. E-Mail-Beweise deuteten darauf hin, dass die Personalabteilung besondere Anweisungen darüber erhielt, Mitarbeiter von Minderheiten zu beobachten. 2006 kam es zu einer außergerichtlichen Einigung.

Im Jahr 2004 nahm Tamara Conniff die Position als erste weibliche und jüngste Chefredakteurin in der Geschichte des Billboard ein und sorgte für die erste große Neugestaltung seit den 1960er Jahren. Unter ihrer Führung stiegen die Verkäufe des Billboard um 10 %, die Anzeigenseiten um 22 % und die Team-Sitzungen um 76 %. Im Jahr 2005 erweiterte Billboard seinen Umfang auf andere Bereiche der digitalen Unterhaltungsbranche aus. Nachdem er bereits erfolgreich die Billboard-Radiostation leitete, wurde der ehemalige ABC-News- und CNN-Journalist Scott McKenzie im Jahr 2006 zum Redaktionsleiter aller Billboard-Abteilungen ernannt. Conniff organisierte 2007 das Billboard-Women-in-Music-Event.

2008 wurde Bill Werde zum Redaktionsleiter ernannt, gefolgt von Janice Min im Januar 2014, die auch für die redaktionellen Inhalte des The Hollywood Reporter verantwortlich war. Das Magazin entwickelte sich in im Laufe der 2010er Jahre von einem Branchenblatt zu einer Unterhaltungszeitschrift, dessen Inhalte zunehmend Lifestyle, Mode und Klatsch umfassten. Min engagierte Tony Gervino als Herausgeber des Magazins, was insofern ungewöhnlich war, als er keinen Hintergrund in der Musikindustrie hatte. Gervino wurde im April 2014 zum Chefredakteur ernannt. Im Mai 2016 wurde er vom Senior Vice President für digitale Inhalte Mike Bruno ersetzt. Am 15. Juni 2016 wurde gemeinsam mit Algo-Rhythm Communications das Tochterunternehmen Billboard Philippines gegründet. Am 12. September 2016 expandierte Billboard mit Unterstützung von Vision Music Ltd. nach China.

Billboard-Charts

Albumcharts (Auswahl)
 Billboard 200
 Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums
 Top Country Albums
 Top Electronic Albums
 Latin Albums
 Compilation Albums
 Canadian Albums
 Soundtracks
 Heatseekers Albums

Singlecharts (Auswahl)
 Billboard Hot 100
 Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles
 Canadian Singles Chart
 Dance/Electronic Songs
 Eurochart Hot 100 Singles
 Hot 100 Singles Sales
 Hot Country Songs
 Hot Latin Songs
 Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs
 Mainstream Top 40
 Rhythmic Top 40

Weblinks

 Billboard.com – die Website enthält die aktuellen Charts der verschiedenen Musikrichtungen und Kurznachrichten (der Zugriff auf Archivmaterial und brancheninterne Informationen ist kostenpflichtig)
 Billboard von 1942 bis 2008 bei Google Bücher

Einzelnachweise

Musikfachzeitschrift

Ersterscheinung 1894
Musikzeitschrift (Vereinigte Staaten)
Zeitschrift (New York City)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This segment introduces Cued Speech for American English and describes good cueing form. Good form will improve your cue-readability, lessen fatigue and reduce the risk of repetitive motion injury. Two handshapes (six consonants) and three placements (eight vowels) are presented. This segment is the longest; we want to get you started on the right track while your enthusiasm is high. If you want to divide it in half, a good place to stop is after the Solitary Vowels and Consonants section.
Cueing uses three "channels" to convey what is being said: handshapes providing information about consonants, placements giving information about vowels, and the lips and face themselves. None of the channels alone, or even in pairs, can convey the entire message.
In American English there are twenty-five consonants, however only eight handshapes are necessary to make each consonant visually distinct. Consider not, tot and dot. The difference between these words lies in whether or not the vocal cords are vibrating and whether air is directed through the mouth or nose. None of these differences is visible to a speechreader. When cued, these words become visually distinct because different handshapes are used for the consonants /n/, /t/, and /d/. On the other hand, consonants that are already visually different are free to share the same handshape; for example, pot and dot can begin with the same handshape because the lips close for pot but not dot.
Below each handshape are the symbols representing corresponding phonemes, a mnemonic to help you remember the cue, and a number. The numbers are simply a convenient way to refer to handshapes in this document. Handshapes 1 through 5 have that many fingers extended; 6 and 7 follow this scheme if you count your thumb as five; 8, the final shape, is V for victory. The handshapes will be described more completely in Segments One through Four.
Cueing is a dynamic process only partially captured in the frames above. Each picture depicts the instant the lips are in position for the vowel, but before the hand begins moving toward the the next cue. Details on timing and dividing utterances into CV pairs are provided below and in subsequent segments.
Learn with your non-dominant hand. Although it will feel more difficult in the beginning, your dominant hand will pick up cueing without any extra effort. Ultimately you will want to cue with whichever hand is most convenient or less tired. You will also want to cue while doing other things: writing, carrying, pouring, driving, cooking, etc.
Practice. Practice is the most important factor in becoming a successful cuer. Seek out chances to practice. Cue while watching TV, or listening to the radio in the car, cue road signs while driving, or while talking on the phone. In the beginning, you'll only know a few cues; just pick out the individual words or syllables that you can cue. Not only will you be reinforcing your cueing but you'll be training your ear.
Be patient. Everyone can learn to cue. We all learn at different rates and even if your partner or children learn faster than you, persevere. It will come if you practice every day.
Good form is important for both the cue reader and the cuer. Good form increases legibility -- clear cues are easier to read. Good form helps helps the cuer by lessening fatigue in the short term and by lowering the risk of repetitive motion injuries in the long term. Check your form by practicing in front of a mirror or by video taping yourself. Periodically review these guidelines because as you become a faster cuer, your hands will automatically take shortcuts that degrade legibility and durability. Common errors include not reaching the correct placement, bending at the wrist or knuckles, and even skipping cues entirely.
Face your cue reader. Remember the reader must be able to see both your hands and lips simultaneously. Keep your hand flat -- don't rotate your arm or squish your fingers behind each other -- and parallel to the plane of your face. Your handshapes should be as visible as possible. Keep your forearm, hand and fingers straight in a line and move between placements by moving your shoulder. Your arm should be between 10 and 45 degrees from vertical. Keep extended fingers together (except for handshape 8). Unextended fingers should not be visible past the first knuckle.
The Mouth Placement /ur ee/ "fir tree"
The mouth placement is the corner of your mouth on your cueing hand side. It should be touched with the handshape's longest extended finger which we will call the pointer finger. Be careful not to obscure the lips themselves. /ee/ is the vowel sound in words like beet, wheat, and free. /ur/ is the vowel sound in firm, fur, stir and were. See how many spellings there are for the same sound? Remember to cue words as you say them, not as they're spelled.
Handshape 5 /m f t/ "miffed"
Handshape 5 has all the fingers extended with the thumb pointing straight up. It is used for the /m/ in me, the /f/ in fee, and the /t/ in tea. In fact, all these words are cued the same way: handshape 5 at the mouth placement (sometimes abbreviated 5m). A cue reader tells them apart by what is happening on the lips. Now you can cue the syllables, /mee/, /fee/, /tee/, /mur/, /fur/ and /tur/.
As mentioned above, cues are made for each consonant-vowel (CV) pair in an utterance. This is a strict rule. The CV groupings do not always line up with syllable boundaries: catalog for example, is syllabicated /kat/ /uh/ /lawg/ but cued /ka/ /tuh/ /law/ /g/. On the other hand, when a word ending in a C is followed by a word beginning with a V, the C and the V group together to form one cue. Cues that cross word boundaries are called liasons and will be discussed in Segment Three.
English, however, does not fall into perfect CV patterns, so what happens when there is a V with no preceeding C or C with no following V? The short answer: handshape 5 is used as a placeholder for a "missing" consonant, and the side placement is used for a "missing" vowel. The side placement is located about four inches from the center of your chin horizontally and at the same level as the bottom of your chin.
Solitary vowels are cued with handshape 5 at the vowel's normal placement. For instance, if a mouse suddenly ran across the floor, you might yell, "Eeeeeee!" which would be cued with the open handshape, 5, (no consonant) at the mouth placement (/ee/) for as long as you held the vowel. To cue the word eat, which falls into a VC pattern, you need two cues: handshape 5 at the mouth (no consonant + /ee/); and then handshape 5 at the side (/t/ + no vowel). Compare eat (VC) with tea (CV) which only requires one cue: handshape 5 at the mouth (/t/ + /ee/).
Solitary consonants, that is C's which cannot group with a following V, occur frequently because many words contain clusters of consonants, like the word straps -- /s/ /t/ /r/+/a/ /p/ /s/. Only /r/ has a a corresponding vowel. More examples will be presented later in this segment and in Segment Five.
Me eat firm meat! /m ee ee t f ur m m ee t/ Stop here if you are tired!
The Chin Placement /ue aw e/ "too tall Ted"
The chin placement is located at the point of your chin, straight down from your nose. /ue/ is the vowel sound in true, shoe, blew, suit, and too. The vowel /aw/ occurs in awe, sauce, taught and moss. /e/ is in rest, messed, and err. You may be surprised to learn /e/ is also the vowel in the words air, rare, and stare. The tongue tip moving towards the roof of the mouth for the /r/ phoneme at the ends of these words changes your perception of the vowel's sound. Have someone say either "err fair" or "air fare" and see if you can tell the difference.
Handshape 3 /r h s/ "rehearse"
Who taught Sue? Her tutor, Tess, first taught her to surf.
Reefs hurt her feet. Rhett saw her. He set her femur.
He fought her suitor, Ross, who eats hare stew raw.
Rhett, whom fruit suits, taught Ross to rue rare meat.
Sue met Rhett. He messed her fair surfer hair.
The Throat Placement /oo a i/ "look at it"
Miss Hoof's rooster hat emits soot if it's stressed.
hoot at her hats. Misfit hats suit her moussed hair.
tacit offer sat true. He tossed free hats at her.
Handshapes (eight in English) denote consonants.
Placements (four in English) denote vowels.
Mouth shapes are necessary. The hand-shapes and placements are meaningful only in combination with what's happening on the lips.
Consonant+vowel = handshape+placement. Every utterance is divided into CV (consonant-vowel) pairs, each of which is cued with a handshape (consonant information) at a placement (vowel information).
Keep lips and cues synchronized.
Mouth placement is /ur ee/ "fir tree"
Handshape 5 is /m f t/ "miffed"
Consonants with no following vowel are cued at the side placement.
Chin placement is /ue aw e/ "too tall Ted"
Handshape 3 is /r h s/ "rehearse"
Throat placement is /oo a i/ "look at it"


text:
<?php

/**
 * Credits to Evan Coury for writing this standard bootstrap.
 */

namespace JaztecAclAdminTest;

use Zend\Loader\AutoloaderFactory;
use Zend\Mvc\Service\ServiceManagerConfig;
use Zend\ServiceManager\ServiceManager;
use Zend\Stdlib\ArrayUtils;
use RuntimeException;

error_reporting(E_ALL | E_STRICT);
chdir(__DIR__);

class Bootstrap
{

    /**
     * @var \Zend\ServiceManager\ServiceManager
     */
    protected static $serviceManager;

    /**
     * @var array
     */
    protected static $config;
    protected static $bootstrap;

    /**
     * Setup the bootstrap.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public static function init()
    {
        // Load a config file.
        if (is_readable(__DIR__ . '/TestConfig.php')) {
            $testConfig = include __DIR__ . '/TestConfig.php';
        } else {
            $testConfig = include __DIR__ . '/TestConfig.php.dist';
        }

        $zf2ModulePaths = array();

        if (isset($testConfig['module_listener_options']['module_paths'])) {
            $modulePaths = $testConfig['module_listener_options']['module_paths'];
            foreach ($modulePaths as $modulePath) {
                if (($path = static::findParentPath($modulePath))) {
                    $zf2ModulePaths[] = $path;
                }
            }
        }

        $zf2ModulePaths = implode(PATH_SEPARATOR, $zf2ModulePaths) . PATH_SEPARATOR;
        $zf2ModulePaths .= getenv('ZF2_MODULES_TEST_PATHS') ? : (defined('ZF2_MODULES_TEST_PATHS') ? ZF2_MODULES_TEST_PATHS : '');

        static::initAutoloader();

        $baseConfig = array(
            'module_listener_options' => array(
                'module_paths' => explode(PATH_SEPARATOR, $zf2ModulePaths),
            ),
        );

        $config = ArrayUtils::merge($baseConfig, $testConfig);

        $serviceManager = new ServiceManager(new ServiceManagerConfig());
        $serviceManager->setService('ApplicationConfig', $config);
        $serviceManager->get('ModuleManager')->loadModules();

        static::$serviceManager = $serviceManager;
        static::$config = $config;
    }

    /**
     * @return \Zend\ServiceManager\ServiceManager
     */
    public static function getServiceManager()
    {
        return static::$serviceManager;
    }

    /**
     * @return array
     */
    public static function getConfig()
    {
        return static::$config;
    }

    /**
     * @throws RuntimeException
     * @return void
     */
    protected static function initAutoloader()
    {
        $vendorPath = static::findParentPath('vendor');

        if (is_readable($vendorPath . '/autoload.php')) {
            $loader = include $vendorPath . '/autoload.php';
        } else {
            $zf2Path = getenv('ZF2_PATH') ? : (defined('ZF2_PATH') ? ZF2_PATH : (is_dir($vendorPath . '/ZF2/library') ? $vendorPath . '/ZF2/library' : false));

            if (!$zf2Path) {
                throw new RuntimeException('Unable to load ZF2. Run `php composer.phar install` or define a ZF2_PATH environment variable.');
            }

            include $zf2Path . '/Zend/Loader/AutoloaderFactory.php';
        }

        AutoloaderFactory::factory(array(
            'Zend\Loader\StandardAutoloader' => array(
                'autoregister_zf' => true,
                'namespaces'      => array(
                    __NAMESPACE__ => __DIR__ . '/' . __NAMESPACE__,
                ),
            ),
        ));
    }

    /**
     * @param  string $path
     * @return string
     */
    protected static function findParentPath($path)
    {
        $dir         = __DIR__;
        $previousDir = '.';
        while (!is_dir($dir . '/' . $path)) {
            $dir         = dirname($dir);
            if ($previousDir === $dir)
                return false;
            $previousDir = $dir;
        }

        return $dir . '/' . $path;
    }

    /**
     * Reset the database and provide dummy filling.
     */
    public static function setUpAclDatabase() {
        // Schema Tool to process our entities
        $em = static::getServiceManager()->get('doctrine.entitymanager.orm_default');
        /* @var $em \Doctrine\ORM\EntityManager */
        $tool = new \Doctrine\ORM\Tools\SchemaTool($em);
        $classes = $em->getMetaDataFactory()->getAllMetaData();

        // Drop all classes and re-build them for each test case
        $tool->dropSchema($classes);
        $tool->createSchema($classes);

        // Get the setup from the configuration.
        $config = static::getServiceManager()->get('Config');
        /* @var $config array */
        $setUp = $config['TestSuite']['setUp'];
        /* @var $setUp array */

        // SetUp roles.
        $roleSetUp = $setUp['roles'];
        /* $var $roleSetIp array */
        $roles = array();
        /* $var $roles \JaztecAcl\Entity\Role[] */

        foreach($roleSetUp as $setUpConfig) {
            $role = new \JaztecAcl\Entity\Role();
            $role->setName($setUpConfig['name'])
                ->setSort($setUpConfig['sort']);

            if (array_key_exists('parent', $setUpConfig)) {
                foreach($roles as $cached) {
                    /* @var $cached \JaztecAcl\Entity\Role */
                    if ($cached->getName() === $setUpConfig['parent']) {
                        $role->setParent($cached);
                    }
                }
            }
            $em->persist($role);
            $roles[] = $role;
        }
        $em->flush();
    }
}

Bootstrap::init();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


An immigrant visa allows the person to apply for permanent residency. A nonimmigrant visa allows the person to be in the US for a certain amount of time.
What kind of temporary immigrant (nonimmigrant) visas are there?
There are several types of nonimmigrant visas that allow you to stay in the US for a certain amount of time. Temporary immigrant visas allow immigrants to visit, conduct business, study and some allows you to work in the US.
How do I obtain permanent residence or a green card?
The card known as a green card is evidence of your legal status as a permanent resident. Permanent residency gives you the right to live and work permanently in the US and eventually apply for citizenship.
Contact an immigration lawyer to see other ways to immigrate.
How do I obtain residency by family sponsorship?
If you have family members who are US citizens or permanent residents, you may be able to apply for permanent residence by that family member. Also, if you become a citizen or permanent resident, there are options that allow you to bring your family to the US.
The Immigration and Nationality Act provides immigration procedures for spouses, parents, children and siblings. Family visas are divided into several categories, based on immigration preference. The following table provides more detail about the process.
Spouse, parents and children under 21 years of age and unmarried.
The time it takes to receive this is only the time it takes to process the request.
How do I obtain permanent residency for my job?
If you have an employer who is willing to sponsor you, you may be able to apply for permanent residency. As with family visas, there are several categories of preference but the most common is for skilled workers. To qualify for a skilled worker visa, you need at least two years of experience for the position that the employer wishes to sponsor you for and experience can not be with the employer sponsoring.
Can my church or religious organization sponsor me?
Yes. The religious worker visa or R-1 visa is a nonimmigrant visa to work for a religious organization in the US as a minister or professional of an occupation or religious vocation. The religious organization must apply for the immigrant and must have been in the US for at least two years and be willing to support the immigrant economically.
Be able to read, write and understand basic English.
The last requirement is knowledge of US government and history. To prove that, you have to pass an exam.
A natural citizen is a person born in the United States or a person whose parents were born in the United States. Being a citizen gives the most benefits to a person. Born citizens can not be deported and can vote. Permanent resident status is more like citizenship than other immigration statuses. A resident can not vote and can be deported for a crime, other than that they have the same rights as citizens. A resident may eventually apply for citizenship, through a process called naturalization. Naturalized citizens can vote and may be deported only for serious crimes.
Which temporary visas allow me to work in the US?
Some of the most common visas allowed an immigrant to work in the US are the H, L, and R visas.
The employer applies for a nonimmigrant visa that allows foreign employees in specialized fields to stay for up to six years.
The employer applies for a one-year nonimmigrant visa for non-skilled immigrants. To obtain that visa, the employer must obtain a labor certification which requires that the position is announced extensively and check that there are no qualified or available American workers to take the position.
The H-2B visa can be extended in increments of one year up to three years but requires a labor certification with each extension.
The H-3B visa is a training visa. Immigrants are granted a nonimmigrant visa for on-the-job training. The visa is good for two years, applies to the fields of agriculture, technology, finance, communications, government and almost any other field excluding medical field. To qualify for the job training visa, the training program must not be available in your home country and you should benefit from pursuing a career and obtaining employment in your home country.
As most nonimmigrant visas expire, an extension may be possible. Check the rules of your visa to see if the visa allows an extension.
NACARA provides immigration benefits and deportation relief to Nicaraguans, Cubans, Salvadorans, Guatemalans, nationals of the countries of the former Soviet Union and their dependents who have applied for asylum. If relief from NACARA is granted, the individual may be a permanent resident.
How do I conduct business in the US?
The B-1 business visa is a five-year nonimmigrant visa for business professionals with permanent residency in another country that allows them to conduct business activities in the US.
Establish a relevant purpose for your trip to the USA.
How can I study in the US?
Student visas come in two different forms. The first, the F-1 visa, allows for academic training. Individuals who come to the US with an F-1 visa, come for academic studies and / or language training programs. The second, the M-1 visa, is for non-immigrants who want vocational or non-academic training.
Must be enrolled in an educational program, language training program or vocational training program.
Must master English or be attending English classes in order to master the language.
The school must be approved by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services.
You must have sufficient funds to not have to work during your stay in the US.
You must maintain foreign residency to ensure you plan to leave the US after school is over.
Individuals looking to participate in an exchange visitor program must obtain this visa. To qualify for an exchange visitor visa, you have to check that you plan to stay a certain amount of time, have enough money to cover your expenses and have social and economic ties to your homeland.
What happens to my license if I have a traffic violation?
This will depend on the type of traffic violation and the status of your license before the infringement. For DUI, your license will be suspended immediately unless you request an administrative hearing. You should contact an attorney immediately regarding this. The length of the DUI suspension will depend on your BAC (breathing or blood alcohol content) at the time of the events and whether you have a DUI or certain other infractions in your record.
For most other violations, your license may be suspended on conviction of the violation, but again it depends on the type of violation. You should contact an attorney to review the possible consequences to your license of a conviction of a traffic violation, such as Driving While Suspended you will have on your license.
What happens if I do not have a license when the traffic violation occurred?
If you did not have a license when the traffic violation occurred, you are likely to be charged for not having a license. However, if you do not have a license because you have expired, suspended or revoked, it is an independent charge. In this case, it is important to talk to an attorney about your options. Being convicted without a driver's license may suspend your ability to obtain a driver's license.
What if I can not get a driver's license?
If you can not get a driver's license, this does not mean that you can continue driving without consequences. If you are convicted of not having a license, then the State of Kansas puts you in the system and suspends your legal ability to obtain a license. If you are found driving during this time, you may be charged with a more serious crime.
It is very important to know the status of your license or even the state of your ability to obtain a license in order to know how a traffic violation can affect it. In addition, there may be other collateral consequences for certain charges such as driving above a certain speed.
How will my DUI affect my immigration status and / or case?
Having a DUI does not necessarily prevent you from having immigration relief. However, it will make any relief you seek much more difficult to obtain. If you are detained by immigration officers, a DUI will affect your chances of receiving bail on immigration, as well as significantly impact any relief, as it would be at the discretion of the Immigration Judge. It is important to examine all of your options if you are charged with a DUI, such as the possibility of entering a diversion program.
Diversion is a program offered by almost every prosecutor's office. It is entirely at the discretion of the prosecutor in charge of the case, but a person may be eligible for the diversion, even if charged with a more serious crime. This program is similar to probation and is a contract you would have with the prosecutor's office. In this agreement, you will generally have to take responsibility for what happened and then abide by certain conditions, such as undergoing drug / alcohol evaluations, drug / alcohol treatment, extra fines, etc. If you are able to comply with all the terms delineated within the agreement, the prosecutor will dismiss the case against you without a conviction. While this may help avoid conviction, the diversion MIGHT have possible consequences with immigration. It is therefore extremely important that you consult with an immigration attorney before entering any diversion program.
I am a permanent resident of the US, How do I bring my fiancé to the country?
K-1 visas or committed visas, allow citizens and permanent residents to bring their committed to the US for the purpose of marriage. After marriage, the spouse can apply for permanent residence. The K-2 visa allows you to bring your children to the US.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace LCL.Domain.Events
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 表示代理给定的领域事件处理委托的领域事件处理器。
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="TEvent"></typeparam>
    internal sealed class ActionDelegatedEventHandler<TEvent> : IEventHandler<TEvent>
        where TEvent :class,IEvent
    {
        #region Private Fields
        private readonly Action<TEvent> eventHandlerDelegate;
        #endregion

        #region Ctor
        /// <summary>
        /// 初始化一个新的<c>ActionDelegatedDomainEventHandler{TEvent}</c>实例。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="eventHandlerDelegate">用于当前领域事件处理器所代理的事件处理委托。</param>
        public ActionDelegatedEventHandler(Action<TEvent> eventHandlerDelegate)
        {
            this.eventHandlerDelegate = eventHandlerDelegate;
        }
        #endregion

        #region IEventHandler<TEvent> Members
        /// <summary>
        /// 处理给定的事件。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="evnt">需要处理的事件。</param>
        public void Handle(TEvent evnt)
        {
            this.eventHandlerDelegate(evnt);
        }

        #endregion

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取一个<see cref="Boolean"/>值,该值表示当前对象是否与给定的类型相同的另一对象相等。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other">需要比较的与当前对象类型相同的另一对象。</param>
        /// <returns>如果两者相等,则返回true,否则返回false。</returns>
        public override bool Equals(object other)
        {
            if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
                return true;
            if ((object)other == (object)null)
                return false;
            ActionDelegatedEventHandler<TEvent> otherDelegate = other as ActionDelegatedEventHandler<TEvent>;
            if ((object)otherDelegate == (object)null)
                return false;
            // 使用Delegate.Equals方法判定两个委托是否是代理的同一方法。
            return Delegate.Equals(this.eventHandlerDelegate, otherDelegate.eventHandlerDelegate);
        }

        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            return this.eventHandlerDelegate.GetHashCode();
        }
    }
}


text:
1116 Stump Lane
This essay is the second in a series I plan to write about authors' homes in Key West. What got me thinking about this was the reverence I saw at Rowan Oak in Oxford Mississippi for the former resident William Faulkner. In Key West it seems as though outside the Hemingway House, which is in itself a bit of a three ring circus in search of income, the homes of authors are at best known about and mostly just ignored. A case in point: 1116 Stump Lane.
Let it also be noted that until an anonymous reader brought this address up it wasn't on my list of notable homes in Key West, so thank you for that. Who was Alison Lurie, who used to reside there? It turns out she is alive and well, born in Chicago in 1926 on this date and was raised in New York State. This picture from the Internet:
Lurie won the Pulitzer Prize in 1984 and has a string of novels to her name apparently, as well as non fiction works and also has published on the semiotics of dress, so Thank God for Wikipedia which describes it thus: "The semiotics of dress is a term used to refer to the design and customs associated with dress (clothing), as patterned to a kind ofsymbolism that has rules and norms (cf. semiotics)." So it turns out I know absolutely nothing about botany and foliage and I can add semiotics, of clothing in particular, to the list of things of which I know nothing. And Alison Lurie as well, but I intend to change that, for she sounds quite intriguing.
Her former home is listed as a rather unique bird in Key West in that the current owners claim they have a transient rental license, much sought after in these well regulated times. The transient license allows the owners to rent their homes in the city for less than 28 days which is the length of the shortest month of the year. If you don't have a transient license you can only rent by the month. Outside Key West, Monroe County allows no short term rentals at all and so far proposals to permit them have been shot down by residents. Which is not to say my neighbors in these straitened times don't do it illegally....
Again according to Wikipedia Lurie still visits Key West which has been part of her life and both her marriages apparently. Frankly, winning the Pulitzer Prize seems to be rather small reward for having your life splattered over the Internet where anonymous gets to critique your work too. Handy for me as I am learning about this writer but you can take what is said with all the salt you think it deserves. This on her first novel:
Love and Friendship (1962). Emmy Stockwell Turner and Miranda Fenn, two faculty wives at the all-male elite and isolated Convers College, juggle their love and friendship for their husbands and for a womanizing composer.
Alison Lurie - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Lurie's novels, with their light touch and focus on portraying the emotions of well-educated adulterers, bear more resemblance to some 20th-century British authors, (e.g. Kingsley Amis, David Lodge) than to the big American authors of her generation. Her titles and the saga-like intertwining of her characters suggest high ambitions. Love and Friendship, the title of her first published novel, is shared with an early novel by Jane Austen; it takes on the problem of the American college as initiation rite into manhood, and the awkwardness of the role therein assigned to women. The next title, The Nowhere City, evokes both Thomas More's Utopia (Greek for "nowhere") and Gertrude Stein's comment about Oakland, California, "There is no there there." Utopias are the subject of Imaginary Friends and Real People: the small group of spiritualists examined by a sociologist and the small group of artists examined by a writer. The War between the Tates and Foreign Affairs imply by their titles parallels between academic adulteries and political upheavals. The Truth about Lorin Jones and Truth and Consequences take us back to the problem of truth-telling, both in life and in art.
A number of Lurie's characters are, like her, born in 1926, give or take a few years: Lorin Jones and Mary Ann/Miranda Fenn,Janet Belle Smith (42 in Real People, 1969), Erica Tate (40 in 1969 and like Lurie a Radcliffe B.A.), Vinnie Miner (54 in Foreign Affairs, 1978, and like Lurie a professor of children's literature), and Wilkie Walker (70 in Last Resort, 1998). Since these characters have also followed Lurie from Amherst/Convers to Los Angeles to Cornell/Corinth and to London and Key West, inevitably one considers the possibility that some at least of these characters represent the author herself. Janet Belle Smith (Real People) and Delia Delaney (Truth and Consequences) are rather pretentious writers of whom Lurie makes fun some of the time, but they also reflect aspects of her experience as a writer."
Of course her former home is as anonymous as any of the writers' homes in Key West. I'm not sure why but outside this island great stock is placed by most communities on figures in the Arts who have resided within them. Key West apparently cares not one jot, so perhaps that is part of the devil-may-care self image perpetuated by the bars and trinket shops or perhaps the transient population doesn't know about the history of literature here, and the resident population only notices best sellers in the world of writing. I don't think the Chamber of Commerce can see past the illusions and stereotypes of "tropical vacation wonderland."
Author Alison Lurie's Website
Amazon.com: Alison Lurie: Books, Biography, Blog, Audiobooks, Kindle
I am not sure how to wish happy birthday to a stranger but I am very grateful to anonymous for giving me the chance to discover a new author. Happy reading everybody.
Labels: Florida, Key West Blog, Old Town

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Find the list of Top Personal finance Blogs. Here you can get Free Financial tips online and Money Saving Tips.
Abduction and Kidnapping are particular types of offences under the Indian Penal Code. A person is taken away in secret or with use of force without his or her consent or without the consent of his guardian.


text:
Later posts
Change the World! A Life in Activism: I Discuss Stonehenge, the Beanfield, Guantánamo and Environmental Protest with Alan Dearling
Andy Worthington calling for the closure of the prison at Guantánamo Bay outside the White House, singing and playing guitar, and challenging the police and bailiffs on the day of the eviction of the Old Tidemill Wildlife Garden in Deptford.
Please support my work as a reader-funded investigative journalist, commentator and activist. If you can help, please click on the button below to donate via PayPal.
At the start of the year, I was delighted to be asked by an old friend and colleague, Alan Dearling, the publisher of my second book, The Battle of the Beanfield, if I'd like to be interviewed about my history of activism for two publications he's involved with — the music and counter-culture magazine Gonzo Weekly and International Times, the online revival of the famous counter-cultural magazine of the '60s and '70s.
In February, after my time- and attention-consuming annual visit to the US to call for the closure of the prison at Guantánamo Bay on the anniversary of its opening, I found the time to give Alan's questions the attention they deserved, and the interview was finally published on the International Times website on March 21, just two days before the coronavirus lockdown began, changing all our lives, possibly forever. Last week, it was also published in Gonzo Weekly (#387/8, pp. 73-84), and I'm pleased to now be making it available to readers here on my website.
In a wide-ranging interview, Alan asked me about my involvement with the British counter-culture in the '80s and '90s, which eventually led to me writing my first two books, Stonehenge: Celebration & Subversion, and, as noted above, The Battle of the Beanfield. my work on behalf of the prisoners in Guantánamo Bay, which has dominated much of my life for the last 14 years, and my more recent work as a housing activist — with a brief mention also of my photo-journalism project, 'The State of London', and my music with The Four Fathers.
Andy Worthington - interviews, Environmental crisis, Extinction Rebellion, Guantanamo, Guantanamo campaigns, Stonehenge and civil liberties, UK housing crisis, UK politics
Coronavirus: How Did 8,900 Deaths Worldwide Lead to the Complete Shutdown of the Global Economy?
I don't mean to sound wilfully contrarian, but, as the UK enters a phase of coronavirus lockdown so surreal that it feels as though we're all, almost overnight, living in an apocalyptic sci-fi movie, I have found myself struggling to cope with the imminent collapse of the entire global economy because of a virus that, to date, has killed less than 8,900 people worldwide [Note: as of March 21, the global death count was 11,554 people, and by March 22 it had reached a total of 14,444. By March 29, however, it had reached a total of 33,526, and, by April 3, the total had reached 53,458. By April 11, sadly, the total had reached 102,846].
Don't misunderstand me. I recognise that the coronavirus is infectious, and that in China, where it began, and in Italy, where it subsequently took a sudden hold, the local health services were overwhelmed with the scale of its spread. As a result, I understand why the notion of a total lockdown in response has seemed so necessary. And in the UK, responding to the initial response of the government of Boris Johnson, which was to let the virus spread freely, and to let us, the livestock, develop "herd immunity" or die, I wholeheartedly joined in the cries of outrage of those opposing such an invitation to rates of infection and death that would, it seemed clear from the examples of China and Italy, overwhelm our own health service.
And so, in response, as the notion that people should self-isolate — perhaps for a two-week period, perhaps for a month, or two at the most — took hold, I also remained supportive, but now, suddenly, as the reality of a lockdown becomes apparent, with the prospect of total economic collapse, and the unchecked rise of unprecedented authoritarian impulses on the part of governments, and with isolation now being portrayed as something that may need to be implemented for a much longer period, I suddenly find myself in revolt.
Coronavirus, Environmental crisis, UK politics
Extinction Rebellion's Urgent Environmental Protest Breaks New Ground While Drawing on the Occupy, Anti-Globalisation and Road Protest Movements
Climate emergency: Extinction Rebellion campaigners – mainly featuring an impressive samba band – marching from the camp at Marble Arch to the Oxford Circus occupation today, April 18, 2019. Most of Oxford Street was closed to traffic, like so many roads in central London, including Waterloo Bridge (Photo: Andy Worthington).
Well, this is getting interesting. On Monday, when the environmental protest group Extinction Rebellion began its occupation of five sites in central London — Parliament Square, Waterloo Bridge, Oxford Circus, Piccadilly Circus and Marble Arch — I wasn't sure that the ongoing intention of crashing the system through mass arrests, and waking people up to the need for change by disrupting their lives was going to work.
I'd taken an interest when Extinction Rebellion started in October — although I was still largely preoccupied by the occupation (and subsequent eviction) of the Old Tidemill Wildlife Garden in Deptford — but I'd ended up thinking that, although they had secured significant media coverage, which was very helpful, and their 'branding' was extremely striking, this wasn't going to be enough.
I was somewhat heartened when, in related actions, school kids — inspired by the 16-year-old Swedish activist Greta Thunberg — got involved in climate strikes, and I hope we'll be seeing a lot more on that front, but on Monday I couldn't see how Extinction Rebellion's latest coordinated protests were going to work. The police seemed, for the most part, to be trying not to give the protestors what they wanted — mass arrests — and although the crowds I encountered at Parliament Square and Oxford Circus reminded me of aspects of social movements of the past — Reclaim the Streets and the road protest movement from the '90s, the anti-globalisation movement of the late '90s and early 2000s, and 2011's Occupy movement — I couldn't see how the movement was going to be able to take the next step, and to build the momentum necessary for significant change.
Environmental crisis, Extinction Rebellion, London photos, Occupy Wall Street, Stonehenge and civil liberties, UK politics
As Theresa May Becomes Prime Minister, A Look Back at Her Authoritarianism, Islamophobia and Harshness on Immigration
First off, it says little for democracy that, after the biggest constitutional crisis in most of our lifetimes (the result of the EU referendum, which may take years to resolve), the Conservative Party has responded by having just 199 MPs anoint a new leader to run the country after David Cameron, aging 20 years overnight, bumbled off into the sunset of a poisoned legacy.
Cameron, it is assumed, will forever be known as the worst Prime Minister since Neville Chamberlain (or Anthony Eden), a so-called leader who, because he was too cowardly to face down critics who were even more right-wing than him — in his own party, and in UKIP — called a referendum that he was then too arrogant to believe he could lose. I was fearful at the time Cameron announced the referendum, in January 2013, that it could all go horribly wrong, and on the morning of June 24 my fears were confirmed as 17 million voters — a weird mix of political vandals, racists, xenophobes, left-wing idealists and the ill-informed — voted for us to leave the EU.
Cameron left his mess for others to clear up, and within days most of those who had run with his idiocy and had campaigned to get us out of Europe fell too. Nigel Farage announced that he was standing down as UKIP leader, hopefully doing us all a favour by, as a result, diminishing UKIP's weird reptilian personality cult. Read the rest of this entry »
Battle for Britain: Fighting the Tory Government's Vile Ideology, Brexit disaster, UK politics
30 Years On from the Last Stonehenge Free Festival, Where is the Spirit of Dissent?
As tens of thousands of people gathered at Stonehenge last night and this morning for the summer solstice — and, presumably, more photos were taken than ever before, including, of course, the ubiquitous "selfie," an example of which can be seen in the photo to the left — I recall that, 30 years ago, in June 1984, the last Stonehenge Free Festival took place in the fields opposite Stonehenge, and I was one of the tens of thousands of people who took part in it.
I had first visited with friends the year before, and had been astonished to discover that, while Margaret Thatcher was embarking on her malevolent plan to create a taxpayer-funded privatised Britain of selfishness, consumerism and unfettered greed, tens of thousands of people were on Salisbury Plain — partying, yes, or just getting wasted, but also sidelining consumerism and embracing communalism and alternative ways of living and looking at the world.
My experiences were central to my book Stonehenge: Celebration and Subversion, a social history of Stonehenge, which I wrote over an 18-month period from 2002 to 2004, and which was published ten years ago. It's still in print, and you can buy it from me here, or from the publisher, Heart of Albion Press, or, if you must, from Amazon. After ten years, it is also — finally — being stocked at Stonehenge itself, in the new visitors' centre that opened last December.
From humble beginnings ten years before, the Stonehenge Free Festival had grown to become the definitive counter-cultural expression of hedonism and dissent, a month-long manifestation of an alternative society, which so alarmed the authorities that the following year an advance convoy, travelling to Stonehenge to secure the festival site on June 1, was set upon by 1,400 police from six counties and the MoD, and decommissioned with shocking violence at an event that will forever be known as "The Battle of the Beanfield." My book, The Battle of the Beanfield, about the terrible events of that day is also still available. For bulk orders, please contact Enabler Publications. Read the rest of this entry »
Battle for Britain: Fighting the Coalition Government's Vile Ideology, Stonehenge and civil liberties, UK politics
It's 29 Years Since the Battle of the Beanfield, and the World Has Changed Immeasurably
Buy my book The Battle of the Beanfield here.
29 years ago, on June 1, 1985, a convoy of around 450 men, women and children — travellers, anarchists, free festival goers and green activists — were ambushed by 1,400 police from six counties and the Ministry of Defence, and decommissioned with a violence that has rarely been paralleled in modern British history.
The convoy was en route to Stonehenge, to set up what would have been the 11th annual free festival in the fields opposite Britain's most famous ancient monument, but the savage decommissioning of the travellers' vehicles, their mass arrest, and the raising of a military-style exclusion zone around Stonehenge put paid to that prospect.
The exclusion zone was raised every June for the next 13 years, until the law lords ruled it illegal in 1999, and since then English Heritage have allowed unfettered access to the stones on the summer solstice, with up to 30,000 revellers — everyone from pagan priests to teenage party-goers — availing themselves of the "Managed Open Access" policy. Read the rest of this entry »
Back in Print: The Battle of the Beanfield, Marking Margaret Thatcher's Destruction of Britain's Travellers
Buy The Battle of the Beanfield here.
Yesterday, December 1, 2013, was a cheerless anniversary of sorts — 28 and a half years since the Battle of the Beanfield, on June 1, 1985, when 1,300 police from six counties and the MoD trapped and violently decommissioned a convoy of several hundred travellers — men, women and children, the new nomads of the UK, including free festival goers, anarchists, and anti-nuclear activists — en route to Stonehenge to establish what would have been the 12th annual Stonehenge Free Festival. From humble origins in 1974, the festival had grown, by 1984, into a month-long counter-cultural extravaganza attended by tens of thousands of people, and in 1985, fresh from her success in suppressing the miners, Margaret Thatcher turned her attention to the festival and its loose network of organisers, planning to destroy it as ruthlessly as she was destroying British industry.
in 2005, to mark the 20th anniversary of this key event in the modern state's clampdown on dissent, I compiled and edited a book about the Battle of the Beanfield, drawing on transcripts I made of interviews with travellers and witnesses to the events of the day and the months building up to it that were recorded for a 1991 TV documentary, "Operation Solstice" (screened on Channel 4 and available to buy here); the police log, liberated from a court case brought by some of the victims of the Beanfield; and other relevant information, book-ended with essays putting the Beanfield in context, written by myself and Alan Dearling, whose publishing company, Enabler Publications, launched the book in June 2005.
Eight and a half years later, The Battle of the Beanfield is still in print, and, to slightly contradict the heading of this article, it has never actually been out of print, although in summer, when Alan and I reprinted it, I was down to my last few copies. You can buy it here, in time for Christmas, if you, or anyone you're hoping to buy a present for, was there, was affected by it, or is simply interested in knowing more about one of the key events that shaped the relationship between the state and those perceived as difficult. I should note that my previous book, Stonehenge: Celebration & Subversion, is also still available, as is my third book, The Guantánamo Files. Read the rest of this entry »
Stonehenge and civil liberties, UK politics
It's 28 Years Since Margaret Thatcher Crushed Travellers at the Battle of the Beanfield
It has become something of a tradition that, on June 1 every year, I add another year to the counter and write an article explaining how many years it has been since the Battle of the Beanfield, and why it is important for people of all ages to recall — or to find out about — the day when, in a field in Wiltshire, the late and unlamented Margaret Thatcher sent a militarised army of police from six counties and the MoD to decommission, with outrageous violence, a convoy of new age travellers, free festival goers, green activists, anarchists and — most crucially — those opposed to the establishment of US nuclear weapons based on British soil. Last year, I wrote, "Remember the Battle of the Beanfield: It's the 27th Anniversary Today of Thatcher's Brutal Suppression of Traveller Society," incorporating an article I wrote for the Guardian on June 1, 2009, and I'm pleased to note that my commemoration of the Battle of the Beanfield a year ago has been liked on Facebook by over 6,700 people — the majority, I believe, since Margaret Thatcher's death in April.
Unlike the women of Greenham Common, opposed to the establishment of a US cruise missile base on UK soil, who couldn't be truncheoned en masse for PR reasons, the convoy of men, women and children who had set up a second peace camp at Molesworth in Cambridgeshire in the summer of 1984 could be — and were — evicted by 1,500 police and troops on February 6, 1985, with further violence obviously planned. The Molesworth eviction was the single largest mobilisation of police and troops since the war, and, for the Royal Engineers, their largest operation since the bridging of The Rhine in 1944. Afterwards, the travellers were harried around southern England for four months until their annual exodus to Stonehenge, to set up the anarchic festival that had occupied the fields opposite Stonehenge every June since 1974, when the planned opportunity came for them to be violently attacked, the festival stopped, and the travellers' movement crippled.
To commemorate the anniversary this year, I'm posting below excerpts from the opening chapter of my book The Battle of the Beanfield, published eight years ago, and still in print, in which my analysis bookends transcripts of accounts by many of the major players. You can, if you wish, buy it from me here. Read the rest of this entry »
Stonehenge and the Summer Solstice: On the 28th Anniversary of the Last Free Festival, Check Out "Festivals Britannia"
So today, as 14,000 revellers at Stonehenge faced a rainy summer solstice morning, with some of them, at least, echoing the reverence that those who built this giant sun temple over 4,000 years ago had for the great axis of the solar year, many of those in attendance may not have known of the long struggles that enabled them to party in the world's most famous stone circle, or of the free festival that sprawled across the fields opposite Stonehenge every June for 11 years from 1974 to 1984, or of the brutal suppression, in 1985, of the convoy of travellers, anarchists and environmental activists heading to Stonehenge to set up what would have been the 12th Stonehenge Free Festival, who were violently set upon and "decommissioned" in what has become known as the Battle of the Beanfield.
Those who want to know more can check out my books Stonehenge: Celebration and Subversion and The Battle of the Beanfield, and can also find out more via my most recent article on the Beanfield, three weeks ago, and my recent radio interview, which I posted yesterday. However, I believe this is also an excellent opportunity for people to watch "Festivals Britannia," a 90-minute long BBC4 documentary by Sam Bridger, first broadcast in December 2010, which I'm posting below in six parts, as available on YouTube.
This is an important programme, with excellent commentators and some astounding footage (including dreamlike Super-8 footage from the '70s by Chris Waite, and equally dreamlike images from the last great gathering of the tribes, at Castlemorton in 1992), even though watching it was a rather surreal experience, as its narrative arc seemed to be drawn entirely — but without credit — from Stonehenge: Celebration and Subversion. Read the rest of this entry »
Radio: On Eve of Summer Solstice at Stonehenge, Andy Worthington Discusses the Battle of the Beanfield and Dissent in the UK
Listen to my interview here!
A month ago, I was delighted to meet up with — and be interviewed by — an old friend and colleague, Tony Gosling, a journalist and broadcaster, who also has a long-established mail order service, Culture Shop, making videos and books on important political topics available. For many years, Tony has sold videos and DVDs of "Operation Solstice," the documentary about the showdown between new age travellers and Margaret Thatcher's government that took place on June 1, 1985, in a field in Wiltshire, when police from six forces and the MoD savagely "decommissioned" a convoy of travellers, anarchists and environmental and anti-nuclear activists, assaulting men, women and children, and destroying vehicles.
The government succeeded in preventing the convoy from reaching their planned destination, Stonehenge, where they had intended to establish the 12th annual Stonehenge Free Festival — a huge free event that was a gigantic inspiration for all kinds of dissidents, but was, of course, feared and despised by the establishment.
After I published my first book, Stonehenge: Celebration and Subversion, in June 2004, a social history of Stonehenge that was, essentially, a wider British counter-cultural history, in which the Battle of the Beanfield was pivotal, I swiftly followed up with another book, focusing specifically on The Battle of the Beanfield, through original essays, transcripts of interviews with people involved on the day, and excerpts from the police log, which was published on the 21st anniversary of the Beanfield in 2005. Read the rest of this entry »
Battle for Britain: Fighting the Coalition Government's Vile Ideology, Occupy Wall Street, Stonehenge and civil liberties, UK politics
Andy Worthington
Investigative journalist, author, campaigner, commentator and public speaker. Recognized as an authority on Guantánamo and the "war on terror." Co-founder, Close Guantánamo and We Stand With Shaker. Also, photo-journalist (The State of London), and singer and songwriter (The Four Fathers).
Email Andy Worthington
The Four Fathers on Bandcamp
The Guantánamo Files
The Battle of the Beanfield
Stonehenge: Celebration & Subversion
Outside the Law: Stories from Guantánamo
'Love and War' by The Four Fathers
Guantánamo: The Definitive Prisoner List (Part 1)
Guantánamo Habeas Results: The Definitive List
The Full List of Prisoners Charged in the Military Commissions at Guantánamo
Bagram: The First Ever Prisoner List (The Annotated Version)
NEW FILM: Outside the Law: Stories from Guantánamo
"Outside the Law: Stories from Guantánamo" — UK Tour Dates 2011: The "Save Shaker Aamer" Tour
"Outside the Law: Stories from Guantánamo" – UK Tour Dates 2010
The Guantánamo Files: The Stories of the 774 Detainees in America's Illegal Prison
The Guantánamo Files: Website Extras (1) – The Qala-i-Janghi Massacre
The Guantánamo Files: Website Extras (2) – Tora Bora
The Guantánamo Files: Website Extras (3) – "Osama's Bodyguards"
The Guantánamo Files: Website Extras (4) – Escape to Pakistan (The Saudis)
The Guantánamo Files: Website Extras (5) – Escape to Pakistan (The Yemenis)
The Guantánamo Files: Website Extras (6) – Escape to Pakistan (Uyghurs and others)
The Guantánamo Files: Website Extras (7) – From Sheberghan to Kandahar
The Guantánamo Files: Website Extras (8) – Captured in Afghanistan
The Guantánamo Files: Website Extras (9) – Seized in Pakistan (Part One)
The Guantánamo Files: Website Extras (10) – Seized in Pakistan (Part Two)
The Guantánamo Files: Website Extras (11) – The Last of the Afghans (Part One) and Six "Ghost Prisoners"
The Guantánamo Files: Website Extras (12) – The Last of the Afghans (Part Two)
Posts & Comments
Designed by Josh King-Farlow
Please support Andy Worthington, independent journalist:
Follow @guantanamoandy
The State of London
Andy's Flickr photos
Close Guantanamo
Who's still at Guantánamo?
GTMO Clock
2002-2012: THE COMPLETE GUANTANAMO FILES (THE WIKILEAKS FILES) (34)
A chronological list of all my articles, including the entire Guantanamo archive (25)
A fundraising appeal (99)
A guide to this website (72)
A list of the remaining Guantanamo prisoners (2010) (10)
Aafia Siddiqui (24)
Abdul Hamid al-Ghizzawi (9)
Abdul Rahim al-Nashiri (61)
Abdul Razzaq Hekmati (8)
Abdulnour Sameur (5)
Abu Zubaydah (118)
Adel Hassan Hamad (6)
Adnan Farhan Abdul Latif (30)
Afghans in Guantanamo (149)
Ahmed al-Darbi (17)
Ahmed Belbacha (41)
Ahmed Errachidi (8)
Ahmed Khalfan Ghailani (24)
Alberto Gonzales (15)
Algerians in Guantanamo (89)
Ali Abdul Aziz Ali (38)
Ali al-Marri (19)
Ali Hamza al-Bahlul (40)
American torture (585)
Andy Worthington – events (159)
Andy Worthington – interviews (34)
Andy Worthington's photos (220)
Andy Worthington's TV and radio appearances (233)
Andy Worthington's US tour (January 2011) (14)
Andy Worthington's US tour (January 2013) (9)
Anwar al-Awlaki (7)
Asylum in Europe (97)
Bagram (91)
Bagram Week (April 2011) (6)
Bahrainis in Guantanamo (7)
Bangladeshis in Guantanamo (1)
Battle for Britain: Fighting the Coalition Government's Vile Ideology (227)
Battle for Britain: Fighting the Tory Government's Vile Ideology (181)
Belmarsh, control orders, deportation and extradition (134)
Berkeley Says No to Torture Week (October 2010) (14)
Binyam Mohamed (101)
Bisher al-Rawi (22)
Bosnians in Guantanamo (27)
Bradley Manning (38)
Brexit disaster (62)
British prisoners in Guantanamo (293)
British terror plots (10)
Children in Guantanamo (111)
Closing Guantanamo (521)
Conditions at Guantanamo (218)
David Addington (42)
David Hicks (21)
Dick Cheney (110)
Diego Garcia (13)
Donald Trump (134)
Drone attacks (17)
East African prisoners (6)
Egyptians in Guantanamo (32)
Environmental crisis (21)
Eric Holder (79)
European complicity in torture (33)
European protests 2011-16 (16)
Europeans in Guantanamo (10)
Extinction Rebellion (14)
Extraordinary rendition and secret prisons (296)
Fawzi al-Odah (23)
Fayiz al-Kandari (30)
FBI/CIA (188)
Federal court trials (48)
Film reviews (24)
George W. Bush (99)
Guantanamo (2,371)
Guantanamo and habeas corpus (231)
Guantanamo and recidivism (26)
Guantanamo and US District Courts/Appeals Courts (304)
Guantanamo and US Senate/House of Representatives (168)
Guantanamo and US Supreme Court (102)
Guantanamo campaigns (350)
Guantanamo Habeas Week (April/May 2010) (8)
Guantanamo lawyers (463)
Guantanamo letter-writing campaigns (15)
Guantanamo media (624)
Guantanamo op-eds (80)
Guantanamo suicides (71)
Guantanamo tribunals (213)
Guantanamo whistleblowers (23)
Hambali (8)
Human Rights Day (10)
Hunger strikes in Guantanamo (239)
Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi (53)
Ibrahim al-Qosi (22)
International Day in Support of Victims of Torture (20)
Iranians in Guantanamo (5)
Iraqis in Guantanamo (15)
Jamil El-Banna (22)
Jarallah al-Marri (4)
John McCain (19)
John Walker Lindh (3)
Jordanians in Guantanamo (10)
Jose Padilla (24)
Kazakhs in Guantanamo (3)
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (97)
Kuwaitis in Guantanamo (59)
Libyans in Guantanamo (45)
Life after Guantanamo (198)
London photos (174)
Maher Arar (10)
Majid Khan (13)
Mamdouh Habib (9)
Mauritanians in Guantanamo (35)
Medical abuse at Guantanamo (24)
Military Commissions (276)
Moazzam Begg (61)
Mohamed Jawad (41)
Mohamedou Ould Slahi (31)
Mohammed al-Qahtani (32)
Mohammed El-Gharani (22)
Mohammed Saad Iqbal Madni (6)
Moroccans in Guantanamo (53)
Murat Kurnaz (15)
Murders in US custody (30)
Music torture (4)
Mustafa al-Hawsawi (27)
Mustafa Setmariam Nasar (2)
New arrivals at Guantanamo (7)
Omar Deghayes (75)
Omar Khadr (102)
Outside the Law: Stories from Guantanamo (107)
Pakistanis in Guantanamo (63)
Palestinians in Guantanamo (26)
Phone-hacking scandal (9)
Photos of America (19)
Poems From Guantanamo (8)
Prisoners released from Guantanamo (100)
Qala-i-Janghi massacre (38)
Ramzi bin al-Shibh (32)
Return to torture (46)
Revolution in the Middle East (52)
Robert Gates (25)
Russians in Guantanamo (24)
Saifullah Paracha (15)
Salim Hamdan (41)
Sami al-Haj (20)
Saudis in Guantanamo (126)
Save the NHS (105)
Shaker Aamer (327)
Somalis in Guantanamo (8)
Stonehenge and civil liberties (47)
Sudanese in Guantanamo (45)
Syrians in Guantanamo (62)
Tajiks in Guantanamo (24)
The Death of Osama bin Laden (14)
The Four Fathers (96)
The Guantanamo Files – additional chapters (14)
The Guantanamo Files – book reviews (8)
The State of London (35)
Tunisians in Guantanamo (68)
Turks in Guantanamo (3)
UAE prisoners in Guantanamo (6)
Uighurs in Guantanamo (108)
UK complicity in torture (119)
UK housing crisis (153)
UK politics (796)
UN and Secret Detention (15)
US enemy combatants (38)
US prisons (58)
US protests 2011-20 (85)
Uzbeks in Guantanamo (11)
Walid bin Attash (25)
WikiLeaks (130)
WikiLeaks and the Guantanamo Prisoners Released After the Tribunals, 2004 to 2005 (5)
WikiLeaks and the Guantanamo Prisoners Released from 2002 to 2004 (10)
WikiLeaks and the Guantanamo Prisoners Released in 2006 (10)
WikiLeaks and the Guantanamo Prisoners Released in 2007 (4)
WikiLeaks: The Unknown Prisoners of Guantanamo (5)
WOMAD (12)
Yemenis in Guantanamo (342)
Afghans in Guantanamo Al-Qaeda Andy Worthington British prisoners Center for Constitutional Rights CIA torture prisons Close Guantanamo Donald Trump Four Fathers Guantanamo Housing crisis Hunger strikes London Military Commission NHS NHS privatisation Periodic Review Boards Photos President Obama Reprieve Shaker Aamer The Four Fathers Torture UK austerity UK protest US courts Video We Stand With Shaker WikiLeaks Yemenis in Guantanamo


text:
Juvenile Nonfiction / History / United States / State & Local
Civil War Period (1850-1877)
Colonial & Revolutionary Periods
Browse Books: Juvenile Nonfiction / History / United States / State & Local
1 Mississippi, 2 Mississippi: A Mississippi Number Book (America by the Numbers) (Hardcover) By Michael Shoulders, Rick Anderson (Illustrator) $19.99
100 First Words for Little New Yorkers (Board book) By Ashley McPhee, Patrick Gray (Illustrator) $9.99 Usually Ships in 1-5 Days
1607: A New Look at Jamestown (Library Binding) By Karen Lange $27.90
1607: A New Look at Jamestown (Hardcover) By Karen Lange $17.95
1st Grade American History: Early Pilgrims of America (Paperback) By Baby Professor $12.99 Usually Ships in 1-5 Days
1st Grade United States History: Early American Settlers (Paperback) By Baby Professor $12.99 Usually Ships in 1-5 Days
2nd Grade U.S. History: Native Americans to Early Settlers (Paperback) By Baby Professor $12.99 Usually Ships in 1-5 Days
4th Of July Activity Book For Kids Ages 4-8: Fourth Of July Parades Coloring, Hidden Pictures, Dot To Dot, How To Draw, Spot Difference, Maze, Count, (Activities for Kids #1) (Paperback) By Jacob Mason $6.99
50 States (America Handbooks, a Time for Kids Series) (Paperback) By The Editors of TIME for Kids $9.99
50 States: A State-by-State Tour of the USA (Hardcover) By Erin McHugh, Alfred Schrier (Illustrator) $24.95
50 Things You Should Know About American Presidents (Paperback) By Tracey Kelly Out of Print
5th Grade US History Booklet: Colonial America - Birth of A Nation (Paperback) By Baby Professor $12.99 Usually Ships in 1-5 Days


Fitness Audio eGloop is simply the best corrosion protection for headset microphone connectors, plugs, sockets, edge connectors and terminal strips. 50ml tube.
Deoxit D5 is our solution to cure the crackles from all mic connectors and transmitter packs. Deoxit provides long-lasting protection.
Keep your sound system and electronic components free of damaging dust and debris with Dust Off XL.


I have FuzzyCD=3 and TreePath=c:\users\harvey\appdata\local\jpsoft\. I run cdd/s to create jpstree.idx and then typing a target directory name followed by a \ just gives me a nastygram that TCC: (Sys) The system cannot find the path specified. What might I be doing wrong? The target directory definitely exists because I can reach by going the long way.
I have the exact same problem on my Win7 OS desktop but it does not have this on my Win8 desktop.
I noticed also cdd /s c:\ fails too.
Not reproducible here. But if you're using Everything Search, the "CDD /S" output is ignored (and thus a waste of time).
What version of TCC and Windows are you using?
I am using TCC 18.00.18 x64 Windows 7 [Version 6.1.7601].
I can see that the jpstree.idx is created where the option window states in the Extended Directory tree (fuzzydir=3). When I type cdd doc or cdd Documents it fails but these are in the jpstree.idx file.
cdd /s c refreshes the jpstree.idx so that part works.
Thanks that was my problem All is good with TCC now.
Glad to hear it !!!!


text:
var FieldType = require('../Type');
var util = require('util');
var utils = require('keystone-utils');

var debug = require('debug')('keystone:fields:file');

/**
 * File FieldType Constructor
 */
function file (list, path, options) {
	this._underscoreMethods = ['format', 'upload', 'remove', 'reset'];
	this._fixedSize = 'full';

	if (!options.storage) {
		throw new Error('Invalid Configuration\n\n'
			+ 'File fields (' + list.key + '.' + path + ') require storage to be provided.');
	}
	this.storage = options.storage;
	file.super_.call(this, list, path, options);
}
file.properName = 'File';
util.inherits(file, FieldType);

/**
 * Registers the field on the List's Mongoose Schema.
 */
file.prototype.addToSchema = function (schema) {

	var field = this;

	this.paths = {};
	// add field paths from the storage schema
	Object.keys(this.storage.schema).forEach(function (path) {
		field.paths[path] = field._path.append('.' + path);
	});

	var schemaPaths = this._path.addTo({}, this.storage.schema);
	schema.add(schemaPaths);

	this.bindUnderscoreMethods();
};

/**
 * Uploads a new file
 */
file.prototype.upload = function (item, file, callback) {
	var field = this;
	// TODO; Validate there is actuall a file to upload
	debug('[%s.%s] Uploading file for item %s:', this.list.key, this.path, item.id, file);
	this.storage.uploadFile(file, function (err, result) {
		if (err) return callback(err);
		debug('[%s.%s] Uploaded file for item %s with result:', field.list.key, field.path, item.id, result);
		item.set(field.path, result);
		callback(null, result);
	});
};

/**
 * Resets the field value
 */
file.prototype.reset = function (item) {
	var value = {};
	Object.keys(this.storage.schema).forEach(function (path) {
		value[path] = null;
	});
	item.set(this.path, value);
};

/**
 * Deletes the stored file and resets the field value
 */
// TODO: Should we accept a callback here? Seems like a good idea.
file.prototype.remove = function (item) {
	this.storage.removeFile(item.get(this.path));
	this.reset();
};

/**
 * Formats the field value
 */
file.prototype.format = function (item) {
	var value = item.get(this.path);
	if (value) return value.filename || '';
	return '';
};

/**
 * Detects whether the field has been modified
 */
file.prototype.isModified = function (item) {
	var modified = false;
	var paths = this.paths;
	Object.keys(this.storageSchema).forEach(function (path) {
		if (item.isModified(paths[path])) modified = true;
	});
	return modified;
};

function validateInput (value) {
	// undefined, null and empty values are always valid
	if (value === undefined || value === null || value === '') return true;
	// If a string is provided, check it is an upload or delete instruction
	if (typeof value === 'string' && /^(upload\:)|(delete$)/.test(value)) return true;
	// If the value is an object with a filename property, it is a stored value
	// TODO: Need to actually check a dynamic path based on the adapter
	if (typeof value === 'object' && value.filename) return true;
	return false;
}

/**
 * Validates that a value for this field has been provided in a data object
 */
file.prototype.validateInput = function (data, callback) {
	var value = this.getValueFromData(data);
	debug('[%s.%s] Validating input: ', this.list.key, this.path, value);
	var result = validateInput(value);
	debug('[%s.%s] Validation result: ', this.list.key, this.path, result);
	utils.defer(callback, result);
};

/**
 * Validates that input has been provided
 */
file.prototype.validateRequiredInput = function (item, data, callback) {
	var value = this.getValueFromData(data);
	debug('[%s.%s] Validating required input: ', this.list.key, this.path, value);
	// TODO: Need to actually check a dynamic path based on the adapter
	// TODO: This incorrectly allows empty values in the object to pass validation
	var result = (value || item.get(this.paths.filename)) ? true : false;
	debug('[%s.%s] Validation result: ', this.list.key, this.path, result);
	utils.defer(callback, result);
};

/**
 * Updates the value for this field in the item from a data object
 */
file.prototype.updateItem = function (item, data, files, callback) {
	if (typeof files === 'function') {
		callback = files;
		files = {};
	}

	var value = this.getValueFromData(data);

	// If no value was provided, check the `files` object
	if (value === undefined) {
		var fileUploadValue = this.getValueFromData(files);
		// Ensure a file was actually uploaded
		if (fileUploadValue && fileUploadValue.path) {
			value = fileUploadValue;
		}
	}

	// Ignore undefined values
	if (value === undefined) {
		return utils.defer(callback);
	}

	// Allow field value reset
	if (value === null || value === '' || (typeof value === 'object' && !Object.keys(value).length)) {
		this.reset(item);
		return utils.defer(callback);
	}

	if (typeof value === 'string') {
		if (value === 'remove') {
			this.remove(item);
			return utils.defer(callback);
		} else if (value.substr(0, 7) === 'upload:') {
			var uploadFieldPath = value.substr(7);
			var fileToUpload = files[uploadFieldPath];
			if (!fileToUpload) {
				return utils.defer(callback);
			}
			return this.upload(item, fileToUpload, callback);
		}
		// TODO: Validation should have prevented us from getting here,
		// but we should check anyway
	}
	debug('[%s.%s] Updating item %s with value:', this.list.key, this.path, item.id, value);
	item.set(this.path, value);
	utils.defer(callback);
};

/* Export Field Type */
module.exports = file;


Modern communications have increased the pace of our working lives, ramped up the pressure on fast turnarounds, and blurred the boundary between work and leisure. With your smartphone in your pocket, how often are you genuinely not 'at work'? And with that pressure, it's all too easy to decide to claw back some time by choosing not to attend a trade show or a conference. I'm sure we've all done it.
Having some involvement with Avixa's recent TIDE conference in Amsterdam meant that this was one event for which I was definitely going to make time, and it reminded me of the value that these events can offer.
The day's presentations ranged through design processes in art, architectural lighting and event design, the interplay of creativity and commerce, VR pre-visualisation and artistic visions of the future, all tied together by the common thread of 'design thinking'.
Dutch artist and innovator Daan Roosegarde set a high standard with his inspirational opening keynote address, discussing his inventive approaches to dealing with smog-choked modern cities, power-generating kites as light art and, on the engineering marvel that is the Afsluitdijk dike, a forehead-slappingly clever architectural lighting scheme which has to run maintenance-free for 50 years.
And Daan wasn't the only one delivering insights into new ways of problem-solving in design. 'Design thinking' methodology was explained by Jan-Erik Baars from the University of Applied Science; Sabine De Schutter discussed her design thinking approach in various architectural lighting schemes; James Simpson from London's Royal Opera House explained how the cutting edge of show pre-visualisation is delivering unprecedented design solutions in this world-leading venue.
But for me the most thought-provoking speaker of all was Ben Moorsom (pictured above), an event designer who has spent the last 25 years building a science-based toolbox to maximise audience engagement. Through his company, Toronto-based Debut Group, Ben works with leading academic institutions to test and prove the principles that underpin his design work. In Debut Group's events, every element of the environment – every sound cue, every lighting state, every colour and every silence – has a specific purpose. A CEO walks onto a stage at a corporate event, and the audience goes wild. Why? Well, science. The CEO is no doubt a great guy, but the audience has been primed and prepped to produce this reaction since the moment they arrived at the venue.
A question from a delegate voiced an obvious concern: Do you have an ethical line when it comes to manipulating an audience? Ben's answer was immediate: 'Absolutely not!'. Perhaps the question was driven by distrust of corporations selling to us, or perhaps by a fear that such techniques could be dangerous in the wrong hands. But let's face it, the performing arts are generally commercial, and villains have always been pretty switched-on when it comes to exploiting audience psychology (the drums and torchlight parades of the Nuremberg rallies were not about artistic expression). No – Ben's drive for better events springs not from some Orwellian vision of social control, but from his love of movies and his understanding of how emotionally engaging story-telling techniques make for better audience experiences.
One way or another, it's all a process of building audience anticipation and rewarding their investment – and Ben wants audiences everywhere to benefit from his knowledge. If this is unethical, then so too is everything else in entertainment and leisure that plays on our psychology – acting, advertising, mood lighting, movie scores, the background music in a swanky restaurant and even the choice of typeface on its menu.
So, TIDE was a day of food-for-thought. Well-produced, well-attended and featuring a broad range of impressive speakers, the TIDE conference was fascinating, thought provoking and inspirational. And being there, sharing the experience with other similarly-minded people, was a far more engaging, enjoyable and rewarding experience than watching half a dozen TED Talks on a laptop. Or maybe I was just being manipulated.


UP FOR YOUR CONSIDERATION IS A STUNNING 1964 CORVETTE COUPE, FRAME OFF RESTORED. NUMBERS MATCHING 327CI 300HP 4 SPEED. FINISHED IN IT'S ORIGINAL COLORS 916 DAYTONA BLUE WITH DARK BLUE INTERIOR. BODY HAS ALL BONDING STRIPS IN PLACE, SUPER STRAIGHT BODY, EXCELLENT FITMENT. PAINT IS VERY NICE. ALL NEW CHROME AND STAINLESS. ALL NEW INTERIOR. EVERYTHING WORKS INCLUDINGTHE CLOCK. UNDER THE HOOD, IS THE BORN WITH ENGINE, 327CI 300HP WITH MATCHING VIN STAMPED IN PAD WITH CORRECT SUFFIX, CORRECT CARBURETOR, AND ALTERNATOR. UNDER THE CAR IS AS NICE AS THE TOP SIDE, WITH CHALK MARKING AND STENCIL ON THE FRAME. THE CAR IS READY SHOWING OR JUST TO ENJOY. CAR IS PRICED AGGRESSIVELY AND WON'T LAST LONG. SO CALL TODAY AND MAKE THAT DEAL.
HERE AT CLASSIC CARS OF LAKE OZARK WE SPECIALIZE IN C1 AND C2 CORVETTES, BUY FROM A EXPERIENCED SELLER.
THE BITTERNESS OF POOR QUALITY LINGERS LONG AFTER THE SWEETNESS OF THE CHEAP PRICE IS FORGOTTEN!


Whatever your destination is, renting a car is an excellent option to visit all the attractions. If you are planning a field trip to refuel yourself, a rental car service can be the essential element of your trip. Furthermore, they are very useful for vacations on urban places, because they let you move from one place to another quickly. Now more than ever, it is possible to rent a clean car and enjoy all the advantages of renting cars without guilt feelings, so you can just worry about enjoying your trip or buying a good map!
One of the problems when renting a car for your vacation is that the car is not just the transport more friendly to the environment. Although, there are more ecological ways to travel, cars are not noted for their low environmental impact. This was until today.
So if you are about to take vacations, and you dream of renting a car, but you also are aware of the importance of reducing carbon emissions generated by your car, so you should not worry anymore: Many rental car companies are adding to its fleet, ecologic cars, which are perfect to take you anywhere, without any guilt.
Renting is relatively easier than leasing. Credit ratings, income and debt are all examined before being able to lease a vehicle. This often reflects on your credit report. Renting meanwhile is not much fickle when it comes to customers.
They are offering taxi service for corporate, individuals, foreign tourists, adventure seekers, wildlife lovers, backpackers, and others. You can also get discount deals for booking a taxi online. So, call travel agents and place a taxi online and enjoy your trip on holidays.
In the advent of technology, most the people are choosing online taxi booking service. It is an excellent option for travelers finds a luxury car from online. One can view a list of the car that exist in online and find exact car that suits to your needs. Travel agents offer efficient and affordable taxi booking service to clients. It helps people to book cars on a certain tour package. Car Rentals for Corporate in Kolkata provides the vehicle with privacy and based on your convenience. Lots of options are accessible online that let people pick better taxi at the cheaper budget. Travelers access all facilities in the vehicle and visit amazing natural places.
If you are searching for an affordable taxi in Kolkata, you might able to choose taxi from a travel agency. Numerous cars and taxi are available for clients to pick the best vehicle for any trip. Kolkata is a well-known tourist destination that offers a range of tourist spots to travelers. The taxi service in Kolkata provides cars with good facilities to tourists. This city is situated in the east side of Hooghly River. It enriched with theatre, literature, and film. Tourists might explore more interesting places in the city. It gives wonderful and amazing travel experience to all tourists. You might gain unforgettable memories on the adventure.
But be sure to check for prices before you book your car. Different rental agencies have different rates for the same kind of cars. Make sure you do your research well before you choose to rent one. The internet is the best way to make sure you are getting the best deal for your rental car. Check your car while you are receiving for existing damages so that the car company does not charge you with any extra cost.
Rented ones are usually covered with basic insurance but you have to agree to pay for fuel and not damage the vehicle. Warranties can be included in a leasing agreement which covers for maintenance but not gas. Any damage to the vehicle must be paid for by the lessee.
In recent years, manufacturers have focused their attention on creating new models of cars to reduce carbon emissions and other environmental impacts, with the aim both to help the environment and reducing the fault of the car owners for the use of these vehicles almost indispensable.
First off, renting lets people use a car for a short period. The rates are determined by a rental company and can range from daily to weekly charges. On the other hand, leasing is a financing option. This lets people drive and pay for a car that they want much like a loan.
Among the best options for ecological cars available in several car rental companies, is the Renault Twingo 1. If you have any sort of questions pertaining to where and how you can make use of new.urbanchina.org, you could call us at our own webpage. 5, which emits just 113g of CO2 per kilometer. If you prefer larger cars, but also ecological, the Volkswagen Polo also has low CO2 emissions: 108g per km, similar to the performance of the Peugeot 107, with its incredible 109g of CO2 emissions per kilometer. Clearly, car rental companies are doing everything they can to reduce carbon emissions and allow drivers to enjoy a vacation without guilt. With the wide variety of ecological rental car options, you will not have trouble finding the perfect car for you, whether you travel alone, or you are planning a family vacation with children.
There are many places of tourist attractions in Pittsburgh. USA's National Aviary, the Phipps Conservatory & Botanical Gardens featuring a Victorian-style, The Botanic Garden of Western Pennsylvania and Rodef Shalom Biblical Botanical Garden, the Lord Venkateswara temple (one of the largest Hindu Temples in USA) are major center of attractions in Pittsburgh.


Juniors and Seniors take on leadership roles in hosting prospective students and hosting Admissions events. Ambassadors are called upon throughout the year to act in a variety of ways in order to support a welcoming environment for new students. There is an application process and training for all new members.
Juniors and Seniors have the opportunity to serve as critical point people for incoming Freshman. Each of our incoming Freshmen connect with their Mentor during Freshman Orientation. Mentors also serve as community hosts throughout the year. There is an application process and a two day training session for all Mentors.
Per NHS.us/about/, "The National Honor Society (NHS) is the nation's premier organization established to recognize outstanding high school students. More than just an honor roll, NHS serves to recognize those students who have demonstrated excellence in the areas of scholarship, service, leadership, and character. These characteristics have been associated with membership in the organization since its beginning in 1921.
Upon acceptance, NHS students are require to serve their community through afterschool tutoring and mentoring.
The curriculum is divided into two areas: leadership principles/purpose and event planning. Leadership principles are relayed to students via in-class articles and round table discussion. Class time will work to support both of the above curriculum areas. These learned leadership skills will be demonstrated in the planning, promoting, and running of school events and community service activities. Students will also maintain a web-based calendar of school events, organize two Blood Drives and support the needs of our community.
Note: Leadership is a zero period (7:30-8:15 am) elective class. Enrollment is based on faculty recommendation and advisor approval.


text:
Думбравица има више значења:

 Думбравица (Алба), насеље у округу Алба у Румунији
 Думбравица (Арад), насеље у округу Арад у Румунији
 Думбравица (Бихор), насеље у округу Бихор у Румунији
 Думбравица (Бистрица-Насауд), насеље у округу Бистрица-Насауд у Румунији
 Думбравица (Ботошани), насеље у округу Ботошани у Румунији
 Думбравица (Брашов), насеље у округу Брашов у Румунији
 Думбравица (Хунедоара), насеље у округу Хунедоара у Румунији
 Думбравица (Јаши), насеље у округу Јаши у Румунији
 Думбравица (Марамуреш), насеље у округу Марамуреш у Румунији
 Думбравица (Мехединци), насеље у округу Мехединци у Румунији
 Думбравица (Сучава), насеље у округу Сучава у Румунији
 Думбравица (Тимиш), насеље у округу Тимиш у Румунији
 Општина Думбравица (Брашов), општина у округу Брашов у Румунији
 Општина Думбравица (Марамуреш), општина у округу Марамуреш у Румунији
 Општина Думбравица (Тимиш), општина у округу Тимиш у Румунији


One of the coolest aspects of the Planet of the Apes franchise is that it's sometimes hard to tell who's on the good side and who's on the bad; it's not clear-cut by any means. So who do you root for?
At the red carpet premiere for the latest film in the epic franchise, War for the Planet of the Apes, we posed that very question to some of the artists responsible for bringing the film to life: motion-cap actor extraordinaire Andy Serkis, screenwriter/exec producer Mark Bomback, producer Amanda Silver and writer Aleks Paunovik. And it turned out to be a really great question, too, as you'll see from the thought-provoking answers in the video below.
We also caught up with two of the most import pieces of the Apes puzzle, visual effects supervisors Joe Litteri and Dan Lemmon, and found out why effects in close, intense, emotional scenes are even more important than those in massive battles.
Check out all the fun below, then let us know who you'll be rooting for when War for the Planet of the Apes opens wide this weekend.


text:
Q: How do you pipe output from a Ruby script to 'head' without getting a broken pipe error I have a simple Ruby script that looks like this
require 'csv'
while line = STDIN.gets
  array = CSV.parse_line(line)
  puts array[2]
end

But when I try using this script in a Unix pipeline like this, I get 10 lines of output, followed by an error:
ruby lib/myscript.rb < data.csv  | head

12080450
12080451
12080517
12081046
12081048
12081050
12081051
12081052
12081054
lib/myscript.rb:4:in `write': Broken pipe - <STDOUT> (Errno::EPIPE)

Is there a way to write the Ruby script in a way that prevents the broken pipe exception from being raised?

A: head is closing the standard output stream after it has read all the data it needs. You should handle the exception and stop writing to standard output. The following code will abort the loop once standard output has been closed:
while line = STDIN.gets
  array = CSV.parse_line(line)
  begin
    puts array[2]
  rescue Errno::EPIPE
    break
  end
end

A: The trick I use is to replace head with sed -n 1,10p.
This keeps the pipe open so ruby (or any other program that tests for broken pipes and complains) doesn't get the broken pipe and therefore doesn't complain.  Choose the value you want for the number of lines.
Clearly, this is not attempting to modify your Ruby script.  There almost certainly is a way to do it in the Ruby code.  However, the 'sed instead of head' technique works even where you don't have the option of modifying the program that generates the message.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This is the annual day of multi-cultural celebration in Geelong. It starts with a parade and we've been asked if we wish to participate, with riders leading the parade, and at the end of the parade.
RSVP for Pako Festa Geelong - Sat 23 Feb to add comments!
If you are running late we can't wait for you as this is a parade and there will be a timetable, marshalls etc.
Sorry Tufan, I had replied to the email but just found it had not been sent. I will not be able to attend unfortunately due to a house opening on Saturday.
I need to provide a list of riders for access purposes.
great thanks Tufan...trying to make the effort inbetween shifts....and would love to be a part of this with our vespa club.
Hey Tufan, I would love to be involved. I am on an afternoon shift at the hospital at 1.00pm.....but I think it all we be good....as long as I am maybe in the front.....so I can head off early if things get delayed...I will be on Eboney....my blackbeauty GTS250ie.....Eboney has her sash!!!!