text:
Proton-Pump Inhibitors: Dangerous and Habit-Forming Heartburn Drugs
Worst Pills, Best Pills Newsletter article September, 2011
Robert Kuttner, co-editor of The American Prospect magazine, had experienced a few bouts of mild heartburn, when a particularly severe episode sent him to the emergency room. After his doctor prescribed Prilosec (omeprazole), a common heartburn therapy, he thought that this would resolve his condition. He never imagined that this drug — intended to treat his symptoms — would actually make them worse, and that he would become dependent for years on ever-increasing doses of the medication in...
Robert Kuttner, co-editor of The American Prospect magazine, had experienced a few bouts of mild heartburn, when a particularly severe episode sent him to the emergency room. After his doctor prescribed Prilosec (omeprazole), a common heartburn therapy, he thought that this would resolve his condition. He never imagined that this drug — intended to treat his symptoms — would actually make them worse, and that he would become dependent for years on ever-increasing doses of the medication in a dangerous cycle ending only after he stopped taking Prilosec and switched to other, safer therapies.
This story is likely all too common among patients placed on a widely used class of medications known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) — Prilosec being the most common — which suppress stomach acid and are used to treat conditions such as heartburn and other, more severe illnesses. The drugs have traditionally been considered largely harmless by patients and physicians alike. Yet PPIs have been increasingly associated with a range of dangerous, and sometimes fatal, side effects and can even cause, as in Mr. Kuttner's case, long-term dependence.
In August 2011, Public Citizen filed a petition with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to put black box warnings on all PPIs to warn doctors and patients of these life-threatening side effects and to remind doctors that there are many safer alternatives for everyday conditions, such as acid reflux, that often work just as well. (To read the petition, visit: http://www.citizen.org/petition-asking-fda-to-add-warnings-to-ppis.) The petition was supported by Mr. Kuttner and Dr. Helge Waldum, a physician-researcher and author of 135 scientific papers, among them the first study showing that patients could become dependent on PPIs.
The absence of prominently displayed risk information in PPI labels is likely a key contributor to the vast amount of overuse of the drugs, as doctors may not be aware that such serious risks exist and thus resort to PPIs as a first option for even mild cases of heartburn. Most patients on the drugs do not even have a documented need for the therapy, and many more could easily be switched to safer options.
PPIs available in the U.S.
There are currently eight different prescription PPI medications and three over-the-counter medications available on the U.S. market. (See the "PPIs Available in the U.S." table)
Some of the FDA-approved uses for prescription PPIs are treatment of gastric ulcers and erosive esophagitis, and prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, commonly seen with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. One of the most common conditions for which PPIs are prescribed is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or heartburn.
Many people have experienced GERD at some point in their lives, and for some, it is so severe that they seek out, and often need, medication for relief. But, for most, the symptoms are mild and fluctuate with lifestyle or diet, and minor modifications to either could alleviate symptoms. Yet studies show that many of these people are placed on PPIs unnecessarily — and once they're on, they may have a hard time getting off the drugs.
History and popularity of PPIs
PPIs first emerged on the scene in the 1980s, at a time when patients often medicated for heartburn on an as-needed basis, using safe antacid therapies or modifying their daily routines in ways that often worked to relieve symptoms, such as raising the head of the bed or avoiding certain foods in excess. The need for long-term, once-daily acid-suppressing therapy was relatively uncommon and reserved for severe cases of acid reflux. Histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2As) — such as cimetidine (Tagamet) and ranitidine (Zantac) — were the drugs of choice for quelling excessive acid production in these cases. These drugs work by suppressing acid production in the stomach, but not as profoundly as do PPIs. They, therefore, carry a lower risk for serious adverse effects.
However, following their introduction in the U.S., PPIs rapidly rose in popularity over the next two decades. This was due in part to their considerable effectiveness for certain serious conditions, such as peptic ulcer disease, but much more so to their widespread inappropriate use for indications for which there is no evidence of benefit and their (incorrectly) perceived lack of side effects. PPI use increased more than eight-fold from 1995 to 2006, and in 2009, there were 119 million prescriptions filled for the medications.
Contributing to this explosion in PPI use were massive promotional campaigns and a disturbing trend of older PPIs being repackaged in new, slightly tweaked but otherwise identical forms. Nexium (esomeprazole) is a poster child of this trend. Nexium, the so-called "purple pill," was simply a reformulation of a previously approved drug, Prilosec (omeprazole), whose patent was expiring around the time of Nexium's introduction. In 2001, drug manufacturer AstraZeneca released Nexium amid a large-scale promotional campaign, with a half-billion dollars spent on marketing in just the first year. In response, sales predictably climbed to astronomical levels. By 2009, Nexium was easily the top-selling PPI and ranked second in both retail sales ($5 billion) and number of prescriptions filled (26.5 million) among all brand-name drugs in the country.
This trend of repackaging older PPIs in slightly modified (and much more expensive) forms continued with the recent approval of Dexilant (dexlansoprazole — a repackaging of Prevacid, or lansoprazole, which is now available as a generic and much cheaper). Nexium and Dexilant are prime examples of the decreased innovation seen in the pharmaceutical industry in recent years, and of the desperate — and wildly successful — attempts of the industry to get doctors to prescribe, and patients to use, exorbitantly priced drugs that are essentially identical to older, cheaper versions.
Relief at a high cost
Due in large part to these promotional campaigns, PPI sales have skyrocketed. But what are the costs of such widespread use? And do these costs outweigh the benefits?
The economic cost of PPI use is high enough, with $13.6 billion spent on the drugs in one year alone (2009), making them the third highest-selling class of drugs in the country. By contrast, safer H2A therapies are not even among the 15 top-selling drug classes, not to mention the lower prices of antacids and the safest of all options: diet and lifestyle changes.
Unfortunately, this higher spending on PPIs does not confer any increase in safety or, in most cases, effectiveness. As discussed below, most people with heartburn can do just fine using safer alternatives. Moreover, PPIs have serious safety issues not seen with other heartburn therapies. Of most concern to patients contemplating PPI therapy, due to the absence of prominent warnings in the drugs' labels, even doctors may not be aware of these potentially fatal side effects prior to writing a prescription.
Furthermore, new side effects are constantly being found. In just the past year and a half, the FDA has released two safety alerts warning that PPI use was associated with potentially fatal side effects: osteoporotic fractures (of the hip, spine and wrist) and severe magnesium deficiency. These are two of many serious adverse reactions that have been associated with PPI therapy, as detailed in our petition and summarized below.
Dangerous side effects
PPIs are so named because of the mechanism they use to shut off the production of stomach acid, which they do very well. So well, in fact, that a multitude of side effects can occur, in part as a result of this shutdown of one of the body's most basic functions. As Dr. Waldum observed in his statement in support of our petition, many scientists and physicians "dismiss the alteration by PPIs of central biological functions [of stomach acid] and believe that some of these basic functions can be removed without adverse consequences."
This perception has now been refuted by an increasing body of research showing that PPIs do, in fact, have unintended consequences. The drugs cause a wide range of side effects, and although some of these are already included in the labels, none (including those that are life-threatening) are displayed prominently as black box warnings. Thus, physicians who routinely prescribe PPIs as initial therapy for GERD may not be aware of these serious risks when deciding whether to start patients on the drugs.
The major side effects of PPI therapy documented in our petition include:
Bone fracture. In 2010, the FDA announced that it was requiring a change in prescription and over-the-counter labeling of PPIs to include safety information warning patients about the risk of hip, spine and wrist fractures after using PPIs for a year or more. This announcement came after a review by the FDA of seven large studies showing that the drugs were linked with a higher rate of these serious fractures in women with osteoporosis. A few months later, the labels of all PPIs were changed to reflect this new information, although no (more prominent) black box warning in the labels was required. Women with osteoporosis are already at high risk for fractures, especially hip fractures, which are often fatal. This risk should be seriously considered by these women before starting long-term therapy.
Infection. PPIs increase the risk for certain serious, and often fatal, infections, such as pneumonia and a severe type of diarrhea known as Clostridium difficile, which is normally seen only in severely ill patients or those on antibiotics. Maintaining normal amounts of stomach acid is important in preventing harmful bacteria from colonizing the intestinal lining. As PPIs work by largely eliminating this acid, bacteria can thrive and cause infections in the intestines or even the lungs. There is currently only limited risk information on Clostridium difficile infection, and no information at all on pneumonia risk, in PPI product labels.
Magnesium deficiency. In March 2011, the FDA released a safety alert warning that long-term use of PPIs may cause severe magnesium deficiency. Magnesium is an essential electrolyte, and a decrease in levels can be life-threatening, causing dangerous heart-rhythm disorders and seizures. Certain patients, especially the elderly, may be taking other medicines that decrease magnesium levels (such as diuretics for high blood pressure) or medications (e.g., digoxin) that can prove fatal in the presence of low magnesium. Patients on long-term PPI therapy, especially those taking these other medications, should have magnesium levels checked both before starting therapy and periodically throughout treatment.
Drug-drug interactions. In 2009, the FDA released a warning that taking omeprazole, one of the oldest and most popular PPIs, could diminish the effectiveness of another widely used drug to prevent heart attacks and strokes, clopidogrel (Plavix). The warning was based on multiple studies that showed increased rates of heart attacks in patients who took both medicines compared to those who took only Plavix. The FDA restricted its warning solely to omeprazole, even though studies have shown that other PPIs could also be implicated in this interaction. PPIs have also been shown to reduce levels of the immune suppressants methotrexate (Folex, Trexall) and mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept), potentially reducing their effectiveness in treating cancer and preventing organ transplant rejection, respectively. Patients taking any of these medications should talk with their doctors before starting (or continuing) PPI therapy.
Vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 is an essential vitamin needed for nerve signaling and production of blood cells, among other functions. PPIs may cause Vitamin B12 deficiency, leading to anemia or serious neurological dysfunction. Elderly patients and others (such as vegans) at risk for low B12 levels may need to reconsider PPI therapy with their doctors or at least monitor B12 levels before and during treatment.
Acute interstitial nephritis. The risk for a serious kidney disease known as acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) may be increased with long-term use of PPIs. In 60 case reports describing AIN after PPI use, one-third of patients required steroid therapy, and three were placed on dialysis (one permanently). Although it's unclear whether the PPI use actually caused the kidney disorder, patients with existing kidney disease should talk with their doctors about this potential side effect before starting PPI therapy.
PPIs may be habit-forming, causing the condition they are supposed to treat
The previously mentioned serious side effects are all the more likely to occur given that people tend to use PPIs for much longer than originally intended. When first developed, the drugs were designed for short-term relief of GERD, and on almost all PPIs, the recommended therapy for uncomplicated heartburn is only four to eight weeks. However, recent studies have shown that patients are increasingly staying on the drugs for years, in part because these seemingly innocuous medications may be habit-forming.
Research shows that after using PPIs for a month or more, patients who stop taking the drug make even more stomach acid than they did before they started the drug, a phenomenon known as rebound acid hypersecretion, which causes acid reflux symptoms to return at an even greater intensity than before therapy. The symptoms prompt patients to begin taking the PPI again, creating a long-term dependence on the medication. This is particularly worrisome for the large number of patients who did not even need the drugs in the first place. In other words, PPIs actually cause the symptoms they are intended to treat — even in previously healthy patients.
Mr. Kuttner's story is a case in point. After years of unsuccessfully trying to control his symptoms with ever-higher doses of a PPI, the reflux resolved only after a physician tapered him off the drug to safer therapies. Now largely symptom free, Kuttner concludes:
"My experience certainly seems to confirm the pattern of PPI medication causing — or in my case, seriously aggravating — the condition that it supposedly treats. In my case, the PPI seemed to have primed my system to produce increasing amounts of acid so that over time I was more prone to more attacks triggered by ever more minor departures from a very low fat diet. The ever increasing amounts of PPI helped only temporarily and required dependence on even higher doses, and so on, over several cycles. Only getting off the PPI reversed what seemed to be a chronic and progressive condition." [emphasis in original]
For most patients, serious risks come with no benefit
While PPIs do benefit many patients with serious illnesses, such as peptic ulcer disease, or those taking certain medications (e.g., NSAIDs) known to harm the stomach lining, many more people are taking PPIs for no reason at all.
In fact, one of the main reasons for the rapid rise in popularity of PPIs has been their widespread inappropriate use for indications for which there is no evidence of benefit. For most patients, this overutilization of PPIs has serious adverse consequences, but not many benefits, when compared to alternative heartburn therapies. Here we outline four key reasons for the massive overuse of PPIs, followed by recommendations on how to treat heartburn symptoms without resorting to this risky therapy:
Inappropriate prescribing. PPIs are meant to be taken for serious conditions (e.g., peptic ulcer disease and rare diseases where stomach acid secretion is greatly increased) and to protect against the harmful effects of NSAIDs on the stomach lining. For these conditions, they have been proven to be of benefit. But patients taking PPIs for these reasons are a minority. Studies have shown that one-half to two-thirds of all patients on PPIs do not, in fact, have an appropriate indication for treatment, and many become dependent on the drugs, taking them much longer than indicated for mild cases of heartburn.
Unnecessarily high doses and daily therapy. Another problem, even in patients for whom PPIs are indicated, is the use of unnecessarily high doses. Most patients on PPIs are prescribed high doses to be taken on a daily basis, but these high doses are often neither necessary nor more effective than lower doses. Multiple studies have confirmed that lower doses (often only half the dose recommended in the label) and less frequent use (every other day) are in many cases just as effective as higher doses, and put patients at a lower risk for some of the serious side effects mentioned above. On-demand therapy (where PPIs are not taken regularly, but only when symptoms arise) is also effective for many patients.
PPIs as the first choice for GERD. In this age of overreliance on medications for almost every minor condition, it is not surprising that PPIs are often thought of as the first option in treating heartburn. Even the professional association of gastroenterologists (the American Gastroenterological Association) has recommended that PPIs be used as initial therapy for GERD. However, as shown above, there are many safer alternatives that are often just as effective as, and much cheaper than, daily-dose PPI therapy. In fact, studies show that most patients wouldn't even need PPI therapy were they to follow the "step-up" regimen outlined in the "Recommendations for relieving heartburn symptoms" section for treating heartburn. The regimen starts with lifestyle changes and progresses gradually to more intense therapy, with PPIs indicated only if these other treatments fail to relieve symptoms.
Starting PPIs unnecessarily during hospitalization. Estimates vary, but anywhere from 20 to 70 percent of patients admitted to the hospital will be unnecessarily started on a PPI. This has become common practice in hospitals, where starting a PPI is as easy as checking a box on the admission checklist. And many, if not most, of these patients are continued on the drugs for no apparent reason after discharge. In one study, up to half of all hospitalized patients inappropriately placed on acid-suppressing drug therapy (most commonly PPIs) were still on the drugs six months after being sent home.
Recommendations for relieving heartburn symptoms
Heartburn is an extremely common condition, and for most people, symptoms come and go depending on changes in diet or lifestyle. While anyone experiencing symptoms should see a doctor first to rule out more serious conditions, very few people actually end up needing to be on medications for heartburn. Most people can resolve their symptoms through minor diet and lifestyle changes, and for those who cannot, there are other, safer therapies that should be tried before resorting to PPIs. After consulting with their doctors, patients should opt for the following safer "step-up" regimen to avoid many of the risks that come with PPI therapy:
Diet and lifestyle changes. First, patients suffering from heartburn should try making slight changes in their daily routines. These changes can be as simple as raising the head of the bed at night and avoiding excessive amounts of alcohol, coffee, chocolate, or foods high in fat, and can go a long way toward relieving heartburn symptoms.
Antacids: the oldest and safest remedies. If lifestyle changes do not produce relief, antacid therapy should be started whenever symptoms arise. Antacids are the oldest and safest therapies for heartburn, and because they only act on the stomach and — by and large — do not get absorbed into the bloodstream, they cause very little in the way of side effects. However, those with kidney disease should avoid antacid therapy until consulting their doctors. Everyone else can start these therapies on their own, on an as-needed basis.
H2As. Should antacids fail to provide sufficient relief, then it is reasonable to pursue more potent medicines, such as H2As. In a recent comprehensive review of studies of heartburn therapies, H2As were shown to work effectively in most patients who took them. Because H2As don't shut off stomach-acid production as profoundly as PPIs do, they do not result in as much dependence on therapy, making it easier for patients to wean themselves off once they feel they are ready. The drugs also don't pose as many serious risks as do PPIs, making them a safer, and often just as effective, option.
PPIs (but lower and less frequent doses). Those unrelieved by all other therapies should then begin PPIs, but at a lower intensity than is commonly prescribed. Patients should ideally start therapy at half the dose indicated in the label, on an as-needed basis, increasing the dose and/or frequency of therapy only if symptoms are not relieved. Due to the potential for dependence, it should be remembered that one can always increase the dose or frequency of the PPI as symptoms dictate, but it may not be as easy to taper down from a high dose. As with any medication, patients should not alter their dose before first consulting with their doctors.
PPIs: helpful for some, but unnecessary and risky for most
PPIs are now one of the most widely used classes of prescription drugs, with an estimated one out of every 20 people in the developed world currently taking one of these medications. However, given that the majority of this use is probably inappropriate, with minimal or no benefit to the patient, and that new, life-threatening risks with long-term therapy are continually emerging, it is time for the medical community to re-evaluate the role of PPIs in everyday practice.
As a critical first step, FDA-approved black box warnings are needed, so doctors and patients can be made aware, in a clear and prominent manner, of the risks of PPI treatment in order to make an informed decision on whether to start therapy, especially in cases where there exist much safer and less expensive alternatives (e.g., in the case of heartburn). PPIs may indeed prove to be the only treatment option for many patients but should not be the first option for mild cases of heartburn.
PPIs were never intended to be taken for such long periods of time for minor symptoms, and people had been dealing with heartburn safely and effectively for decades prior to the arrival of PPIs on the market. This key point has gone by the wayside as doctors and patients increasingly rely on quick fixes for symptoms such as heartburn, which often require only minor changes in everyday habits. The overreliance on PPIs has needlessly exposed millions of people to serious harms, many of whom did not even need the drugs to begin with.
With this risk information in mind, patients considering PPI therapy — and those already taking the drugs — for heartburn should raise these safety concerns with their doctors and ask about the safer, just as effective, options.
Prescription PPIs
Generic Name Brand Name
dexlansoprazole Dexilant
esomeprazole Nexium
esomeprazole and naproxen Vimovo*
lansoprazole Prevacid
omeprazole Prilosec
omeprazole and sodium bicarbonate Zegerid
pantoprazole Protonix
rabeprazole Aciphex
Over the Counter PPIs
omeprazole Prilosec OTC
omeprazole and sodium bicarbonate Zegerid OTC
lansoprazole Prevacid 24-Hr
* Vimovo is a combination of the PPI esomeprazole and the nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) naproxen)


text:
Marcel Detienne (Bèlgica, 1935), és un hel·lenista i antropòleg comparatista belga, especialista sobretot en el llenguatge i l'autoctonia a la Grècia antiga.

Biografia
Marcel Detienne es llicenciá en filologia clàssica a la Universitat de Lieja, on esdevingué professor assistent en història de la filosofia. S'establí a París al començament dels anys seixanta, on seguí els cursos de Louis Gernet a lÉcole practique des hautes études (EPHE); on coincidí amb Jean-Pierre Vernant. A partir de 1964, codirigeix el Centre d'investigacions comparades sobre les societats antigues a la EPHE. L'any 1965, sosté la seva tesi de doctorat a la Universitat de Lieja.

El 1975 fou nomenat director d'estudis en ciències religioses a l'EPHE (càtedra de les religions de Grècia antiga, fins al 1998) i hi dirigí un grup d'investigació del CNRS, «Història i antropologia, enfocaments comparatius», fins al 1996.

L'any 1992, esdevingué director del Centre Louis-Marí d'estudis comparatius de la Universitat Johns Hopkins a Baltimore. Els seus seminaris a la Universitat de Lieja (2002-2003), com a titular de la càtedra Francqui interuniversitaire à titre étranger), tractaren sobre «els déus de la política a les ciutats gregues».

Als anys 2009-2010, contribuí amb diversos dels seus col·legues (Gérard Noiriel, Françoise Héritier i Emmanuel Terray, entre altres) al debat sobre la identitat nacional, participant sobretot en el film Ulysse clandestin de Thomas Lacoste (2010). Marcel Detienne és professor emèrit de la Universitat Johns Hopkins i director d'estudis honorari de l'EPHE.

Obres
 Les Maîtres de vérité dans la Grèce archaïque, Paris, Maspero, 1967 (Presses Pocket, coll. Agora, 1994).
 Les Jardins d'Adonis, Paris, Gallimard, 1972 (édition revue et corrigée avec une postface : Paris, Gallimard, 1989).
 L'Invention de la mythologie, Paris, Gallimard, 1981.
 Les Savoirs de l'écriture en Grèce ancienne, Marcel Detienne et coll., Lyon, PUL, 1988.
 Les Ruses de l'intelligence. La métis chez les Grecs, en collaboration avec Jean-Pierre Vernant, Paris, Flammarion, 1989.
 La Vie quotidienne des dieux grecs, Paris, Hachette, 1989.
 Dieux grecs, en collaboration avec Giulia Sissa, Paris, Hachette Litterature, 1989.
 L'Écriture d'Orphée, Paris, Gallimard, 1989.
 Dionysos à ciel ouvert, Paris, Hachette, coll. Pluriel, 1990.
 Transcrire les mythologies, Paris, Albin Michel, 1994.
 La Déesse parole : quatre figures de la langue des dieux, sous la dir. de M. Detienne et G. Hamonic, Paris, Flammarion, 1994.
 Dionysos mis à mort, Paris, Gallimard, 1996.
 La Cuisine du sacrifice en pays grec, en collaboration avec Jean-Pierre Vernant, Paris, Gallimard, 1997.
 Apollon le couteau à la main, Paris, Gallimard, 1998 (rééd. coll. Tel, nº 365, 2009).
 Comparer l'incomparable, Paris, Le Seuil, 2000 (nouvelle édition augmentée d'une préface : coll. Points, 2009).
 Comment être autochtone ?, Paris, Le Seuil, 2003.
 Qui veut prendre la parole ?, Paris, Le Seuil, 2003.
 Les Dieux d'Orphée, Paris, Gallimard, 2007.
 Les Grecs et nous, Paris, Perrin, 2005 (coll. Tempus, 2009).
 L'identité nationale, une énigme, Paris, Gallimard, coll. Folio Histoire, nº 177, 2010.

Filmografia
 2010: Ulysse clandestin de Thomas Lacoste

Enllaços externs
 Informació de l'Université de Liège sobre els seminaris de Marcel Detienne 2002-2003 (en francès)
 Entrevista a Marcel Detienne a Le Point del 25 de febrer de 2012 (text complet a le Point Références 38 : "Sagesses de l'Inde", mars-avril 2012)

Notes i referències

Alumnes de la Universitat de Lieja
Hel·lenistes europeus
Historiadors belgues
Alumnes de la Universitat de París
Liegesos
Morts a l'Illa de França
Filòlegs belgues

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Liturgical ministries: interested in serving? Please contact the parish office to volunteer.
Altar Servers assist the celebrant throughout the mass on Sundays, Holy Days, and special feasts. Altar Servers may be boy or girls, and must have received their first communion. They must also be registered in and regularly attend Religious Education classes at St. Malachy or be a student at a local diocesan or parochial school.
Extraordinary Ministers of the Eucharist assist the celebrant in the distribution of the Holy Eucharist to the congregation during masses on Sundays, Holy Days, and other special feasts. This ministry requires attendance at scheduled training sessions. It can be immensely spiritually rewarding.
Extraordinary Ministers of the Eucharist to the Infirm assist the pastor in the distribution of the Holy Eucharist to home-bound or hospitalized members of the parish and involves regularly visiting and praying with the infirm. This ministry requires attendance at scheduled training sessions.
Lectors proclaim the scripture readings, other than the gospel, to the assembled faithful so as to reveal the power of God's Word. This ministry requires attendance at scheduled training sessions. The process of preparing to proclaim the word of God requires a significant commitment of time, which can also provide a great spiritual benefit to the Lector. Lectors are needed for Sunday, Holy Day, and weekday masses.
Music is a vital part to the celebration of the liturgy on Sundays, Holy Days, and special feasts. Music lifts our spirits and draws us closer to God. As Saint Augustine said, "cantare amantis est ... Singing belongs to one who loves." Cantors, musicians and choir members are needed. We currently have three choirs: the Traditional Choir, the Contemporary Choir, and the Childrens' Choir.
Sacristans prepare the church for the celebration of Mass and put everything back in place after Mass. Before Mass they fill the ciboria, ready the chalice, make sure the books used for the readings and Mass parts are properly set, turn on the lights and microphone, and generally make themselves available for whatever other tasks need be done. Sacristans are especially helpful to visiting priests. They inform the priest of our local procedures so that the celebration of Mass goes smoothly. They provide a wonderful ministry for the celebrant by taking care of all the details so that he is able to prepare mentally and spiritually for Mass.
The job of an Usher include: handing out bulletins at the beginning and end of Mass, invite parishioners to bring up the gifts if there are no volunteers, assist in seating the elderly and handicapped as well as in general when the church becomes crowded. Ushers collect the monetary gifts during the offertory as well as assist in movement during the procession for Communion in addition to collection of monetary gifts at the end of the mass and logging them into the safe for staff processing. Must be 18 or over. Click here or visit www.stmalachyusher.com to join this needed ministry of service.


text:
Planet Jupiter The Giant Youtube
Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a giant planet with a mass one-thousandth that of the Sun, but two-and-a-half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined. Jupiter and Saturn are gas giants; the other two giant planets, Uranus and Neptune, are ice giants. Jupiter has been known to astronomers since antiquity. It is named after the Roman god Jupiter. When viewed from Earth, Jupiter can reach an apparent magnitude of −2. 94, bright enough for its reflected light to cast shadows, and making it on average the third-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon and Venus.
Size Of Mars Moons And Names
Nasa Launch Timeline 2005 2014
Mars Rovers Com
Nasa Space Suit Doxus 37
Gliese 667 Map
Distance Of Milky Way And The Solar System
Exoplanet Kepler 22 B
Gold Star Galaxy
Apollo Flag Moon On The Exact
Asteroid Pictures In Dubai 2014
Nibiru The Tenth Planet In Solar System
Christmas On Mars Nasa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: What is a vocabulary in logic I am reading notes on finite model theory and I came across a notion of a vocabulary. What is it? I tried searching on the internet but did not find anything relevant.

A: See Leonid Libkin, Elements of Finite Model Theory, Springer (2012), page 13 :

Definition 2.1 A vocabulary $σ$ is a collection of constant symbols (denoted $c_1,\ldots, c_n,\ldots$), relation, or predicate, symbols ($P_1,\ldots,P_n,\ldots$) and function symbols ($f_1,\ldots,f_n,\ldots$). Each relation and function symbol has an associated arity.

Is the set of non-logical symbols of the language, also called signature.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Conflict Politics and the Urban Scene
Published January 1983 by Palgrave Macmillan .
Sociology - General,
Urban Sociology,
Use Of Urban Lands,
Sociology,
Case studies,
Cities and towns,
Land use, Urban,
Contributions Kevin R. Cox (Editor), R. J. Johnston (Editor)
Download Conflict Politics and the Urban Scene
Conflict, politics, and the urban scene. [Kevin R Cox; R J Johnston;] Home. WorldCat Home About WorldCat Help. Search. Search for Library Items Search for Lists Search for Book: All Authors / Contributors: Kevin R Cox; R J Johnston. Find more information about: ISBN: OCLC Number: Genre/Form: Aufsatzsammlung Case studies: Additional Physical Format: Online version: Conflict, politics, and the urban scene. London: Longman, Labor and Urban Politics: Class Conflict and the Origins of Modern Liberalism in Chicago, (Working Class in American History) Paperback – April 1, Cited by: 1. Cities, Change, and Conflict was one of the first texts to embrace the perspective of political economy as its main explanatory framework, and then complement it with the rich contributions found in the human ecology perspective. Although its primary focus is on North American cities, the book contains several chapters on cities in other parts of the world, including Europe and developing .
Book Description Cities, Change, and Conflict was one of the first texts to embrace the perspective of political economy as its main explanatory framework, and then complement it with the rich contributions found in the human ecology perspective. Book Description Planning and Conflict discusses the reasons for conflicts around urban developments and analyzes their shape in contemporary cities. It offers an interdisciplinary framework for scholars to engage with the issue of planning conflicts, focusing on both empirical and theoretical inquiry. Existing work on the politics of urban knowledge – and urban data specifically - has highlighted some of those issues – yet, it has rarely looked at those through a geopolitical lens, and at multiple scales (with the exception of Schindler & Marvin, discussing the implications of urban data standardization as a "universal logic of. Search the world's most comprehensive index of full-text books. My libraryMissing: Urban Scene.
CITIES, CHANGE, AND CONFLICT - A POLITICAL ECONOMY OF URBAN LIFE discusses the importance of cities for the economic, cultural, and political life of modern societies/5(9). Conflicts arise as people compete to outwit each other in order to gain control of the power to allocate resources and the power to be at the driving force of setting the rules of the game. Thus conflicts determine the very existence of politics. If truth be told, conflict is the principal means by which significant social and political changes Missing: Urban Scene. Cities. Want to End Urban-Rural Conflict? Stop Looking for a Victor. Whether red vs. blue or city vs. country, political tensions are best addressed by letting people run their own lives. How the Rural-Urban Divide Became America's Political Fault Line. Such a conflict isn't unique to the U.S., but the consequences are far-reaching here. .
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An all-natural and slightly piquant sauce made using world-renowned Hungarian red peppers. It makes for a tantalising dip with nachos or spread it in your sandwich for a flavourful twist. Alternatively, use as a wholesome condiment with roast meat or add them to your cheese platter for some extra colour and spice. It can be the base for a delicious roasted red pepper soup, and for a tasty dinner ready in minutes, why not mix it into some fresh millet tagliatelle with chili and some grated Parmesan?
Kanalka is a social co-operative focusing on employing women from disadvantaged social backgrounds. Their cottage-factory is located in the scenic surroundings of the Hungarian Great Plains. This bucolic landscape provides the freshest fruits and vegetables, grown and handpicked by local farmers and supplied through a fair-trade partnership. The artisan products are then prepared with loving care and expertise, to ensure that each jar brings the traditional taste of rural Hungary to your table.
Red pepper, chili, homemade tomato juice, brown onion, olive oil, salt, garlic, sugar, thyme, rosemary, basil, black pepper, apple cider vinegar and bay leaf.


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Hurricane Florence to activate mudslides? Why the storm is the potential effect has scientists on the edge
Florence to bring catastrophic rainfall on the east coast
Janice Dean breaks the storm models as the hurricane barrels toward the Carolinas.
Millions of Americans in North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia are preparing for Hurricane Florence, a Category 4 storm, which is expected to bring massive amounts of rain, floods and havoc caused by wind.
But the storm said that it is a once-in-a-generation event for the residents in the Carolinas and Mid-Atlantic states — can also lead to mud slides, by the region's topography, a meteorologist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Hurricane Center warned.
"This is one of the effects that you have to be worried about," Joel Cline, a meteorologist and a tropical storm, coordinator of the NOAA, told Fox News.
The hurricane caused mudslides are a common effect when a tropical storm hits a mountainous area, such as the western half of North Carolina.
This photo provided by NASA shows Hurricane Florence from the International Space Station on Monday, Sept. 10, 2018, as it threatens the US east coast.
(AP/NASA)
Areas in the Southeast experience orographic lift — the air of a low level is forced on a greater height — if the air is moving from the Ohio and Tennessee valleys makes its way to the Appalachian Mountains.
HURRICANE FLORENCE PATH: THE TRACK OF THE STORM HERE
When this occurs, the air moves from the side of the mountains before it starts to "cool down and condense," the North Carolina Climate Office explains on its website. This effect can lead to showers and thunderstorms to form.
"The three things that make a lot of rain, moisture, lift and instability [in the atmosphere]. We have two of these with tropical weather and the third is the lift provided by the mountains in this case," Cline said. "On the slopes that face the oncoming wind directly — that is, a local effect — localized areas of heavier rain."
In other words, the slopes that face the oncoming winds and heavier localized rain are more prone to mudslides, while the slopes that are angled away from the moisture-laden winds, less rain, and ultimately less of a risk for mudslides.
Michael Ventrice, a meteorological scientist at The Weather Company, has a similar explanation for the phenomenon.
"There is a good deal of moisture advection by the Hurricane Florence, in the direction of the Appalachians. This will promote upsloping on the leeward side of the Appalachians, which can result in very heavy precipitation through mesoscale climate interactions," he told Fox News, pointing to mud slides are not of interest when a tropical storm hits a state like Texas because of the flat topography.
The map shows the likely path of Hurricane Florence.
s of North Carolina have experienced a lot of rainfall in the past few days, softening the soil and loosening the soil. In combination with the impending storm, the potential for mudslides is greater.
"When the upper part of a soil profile is rapidly saturated with water, it can start to move around, especially if the porosity of the soil varies between the upper and lower parts of the profile," David Peterson, a research biologist and forest ecology expert at the University of Washington, told Fox News.
"Steep slopes and slopes without roots of the trees hold the soil are particularly vulnerable," he noted.
HURRICANE FLORENCE: SAFETY TIPS FOR PETS
As for the Hurricane Florence, Ventrice said he was involved mudslides could be triggered in the areas that "never experienced such events."
"Florence is a rare tropical cyclone due to the intensity of the system and it would be a large wind field associated with the hurricane circulation," he added.
Fox News' Christopher Carbone contributed to this report.
Madeline Farber is a Reporter for Fox News. You can follow her on Twitter @MaddieFarberUDK.
Google e-mail 'bombshell' reveal election collusion: 'It just doesn't involve Russians,' critic says
Why are there hundreds of ancient, mummified penguins in Antarctica?
to connectVideoBarry upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane Steve Harrigan released an update on the aftermath of Hurricane Barry's Bay, California. St. Louis, Mississippi. Hurricanes are classified using what is known as the Saffir-Simpson...
TechTechnology
SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) – the U.S. House of Representatives Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff on Monday, it pushed a large social media companies on how to deal with the threat of deepfake, pictures and videos on their platforms...
WASHINGTON (Reuters) – Facebook Inc said on Monday it will not proceed with the introduction of the Scale cryptocurrency to legal issues will be addressed, such as the US treasury secretary, took the unusual step of saying he had serious...
Google has been accused of ripping of the digital advertising technology in the U.S. court case
(Reuters) – the Alphabet Inc, and Google, the LLC was hit Monday with a US lawsuit alleging it copied to a smaller company's patented digital advertising technology. FILE IMAGE: The Google logo is displayed at the entrance of the Google...
Republican House members introduce bill to boost U.S. presence-5G
WASHINGTON (Reuters) – A Republican state lawmaker on Monday introduced legislation to boost the presence of AMERICAN companies in the global standards of the industry bodies in the fight against China's growing influence on the next...
Apollo 11: "The book that the man landed on the Moon, you would be able to sell it for $9 million
to connectVideoApollo 11 Lunar Module Timeline, the Book will be on the auction The Lunar Module Timeline, a Book that is added to the surface of the Moon by the Apollo 11 astronauts, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, is up for auction. The Lunar...
Symantec ends up talking to the sales of Broadcom about the price, sources
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(Reuters) – Google's top government affairs official said on Monday that its search engine to discriminate against conservative views and that he will not repeat it, let it be for a US Senate panel on Tuesday. FILE PHOTO: a Small toy...
Amazon's rivals away in the Prime of Day of marketing, as the protests unfold
NEW YORK (Reuters) – Amazon.com Inc., the most important of the Day, it is one of the most important marketing opportunities, and a shopping event in the yearly calendar for the united states retail businesses, to get the Thanksgiving holiday...


Power Reading isn't just about skimming through books as quickly as possible, rather it is about retaining as much of the key points as you can without having to laboriously stress over each one to make sure it sinks in. What makes a good Power Reader? It has nothing to do with your IQ or your reading speed, in fact, we can explain how to become a Master Power Reader in only five simple steps! And it matters because reading is the key to success.
There should always be a reason in your mind before you pick up that book. Isn't there always a reason for you want to read a factual work anyway? Perhaps the book in question teaches you something or gives tips about something you are working on. At any rate, have this purpose set firmly in your mind from the moment you pick up the work.
By doing this any skimming will automatically let your eyes stop on the points in question that you really need to know... simple!
By picking up any book you suddenly become a student and a teacher. You are learning – but you are doing it for yourself, in essence teaching yourself a new skill or adding to your knowledge banks. Doing this helps you to phase out the irrelevant information and take from the piece what you need to in a more clarifying manner.
Step Three – Mind Games!
Using little mental tricks helps you to retain that vital information once you have tracked it down. Creating anagrams of words or phrases can help, creating a rhyme of the phrase can help you to remember it... you get the idea.
Taking notes is the perfect way to help you remember things. Write down the info for yourself once you find it, then highlight it or add a post it to the page to help you remember. If you visit that point even one more time in the future, you will be much more likely to absorb the data.
Memory is accentuated if you can picture the facts in much the same way as you might have to use your imagination when reading a non-fiction work. Picturing the way things are laid out, the way they go together or visualizing yourself having to solve the problem all help you to absorb the information in the text.
As soon as you have put down the book set aside some time to put the methodology into practice. This means that anything you have just learned should be actively done to help to firm the workings of it in your long-term memory. In this way, you will remember things physically as well as mentally, and this method can really help those who are active learners.
So, there you have it. Give it a go on our own and see if you don't become a master at Power Reading almost overnight and see more success in your personal and professional life!


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Retail, E-commerce & CPG
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Like most website operators, AnswerDock collects non-personally-identifying information of the sort that web browsers and servers typically make available, such as the browser type, language preference, referring site, and the date and time of each visitor request. AnswerDock's purpose in collecting non-personally identifying information is to better understand how AnswerDock's visitors use its website. From time to time, AnswerDock may release non-personally-identifying information in the aggregate, e.g., by publishing a report on trends in the usage of its website.
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Culinary Tent sponsored by Marcella′s Appliance and the Big Green Egg welcomes back Chef William Cornelius for the 2019 festival!
The Culinary Tent, sponsored by Marcella's Appliance, and the Big Green Egg is proud to present and welcome back cooking demonstrations performed by Finger Lakes Celebrity Chef William Cornelius of Chef William Creations and special guests! The Chef will be utilizing his proprietary sauces, local foods and craft beverages from our festival vendors in his recipes, as well as providing wine pairing suggestions for each dish.
New this year, more seating will be available under a larger demonstration tent and we will be hosting an Iron Chef style cooking competition that you won't want to miss!
Marcella's Appliance will be adjacent to the culinary tent, smoking meats on Big Green Egg Grills both days of the festival, ending with a "fest taste test" of these delicious meats… is your mouth watering yet?!
Also under the Culinary Tent all weekend long, local bartenders will demonstrate unique Wine Cocktail recipes opposite the culinary demos, mixing new concoctions from wines and liquors available for purchase at the festival!


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Gardenia has a feeling of luxury to it which makes it great to add to other blends to add a touch of class!
Produced by solvent extraction from fresh flowers.
Sweet, floral, rich and exquisite scent.


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Advance Manufacturing Technology
By Alicia Cunningham | May 10, 2016
Aerospace & Electronics Bioscience & Medical Energy & Enviro Industrial & Equipment Utah
http://www.advancemfgtech.com/
Machinists are Anthony Barney's most valuable commodity as AMT manufactures success through diversification
Anthony Barney, CEO of Advance Manufacturing Technology (AMT), oversees a company that provides machinist services and products to the aerospace, defense, medical, oil and gas, and even recreation industries. But 40 years ago, AMT was simply his father's dream, a company located in his own backyard.
"My Dad, Keith Barney, did not want to work for wages all of his life," Barney says. "He was a machinist and was working as a manager at another machine shop. But he saved his money and built his own business."
Barney was able to watch his father's business grow, and he stayed involved in the process in any way he was allowed. After he earned an engineering degree, Barney returned to his father's business. "We were not in the backyard anymore," Barney laughs, "and we continue to expand and grow. In 2008, we finished construction on our current facility in Salt Lake City. We filled less than half of the space when we moved in. Now we fill all of it."
Diversification of clients has ensured AMT continues to grow in the Salt Lake City area. "We do not focus on just one industry," Barney says. "We try to keep a wide exposure so when some areas fail, others can take up the slack. It's allowed us to be in business through 40 years. When one or two areas are in the toilet, competitors who only serve that area die on the vine while we are able to power through."
Nearly 80 percent of all AMT's clients are in the Salt Lake area, the remaining 20 percent from local states such as Arizona and Idaho. "All engineering companies find in us a ready and willing workforce. They want their stuff made quickly, and we are ready to make it for them."
Utah's diverse business offerings serve AMT well, and the recreation opportunities offered to AMT's workforce cannot be beat. "Where else can you go skiing in the morning, biking in the afternoon, and wakeboarding in the early evening?" Barney asks. "But the bigger industrial players do not have a full presence here yet. Many of them do not have full facilities. Their Utah locations are more of an outpost. It's a challenge."
As AMT serves local clients, they are also focused on hiring locally. "We like to hire journeyman machinists," Barney says. "We hire an entry-level employee right out of high school. We start them out cleaning up, helping with metal finishing. If they show promise, vision, aptitude, we invite them to participate in a machinist apprenticeship program. We help them develop skills and become machinists."
This training is a double-edged sword for AMT. They receive the benefit of the machinist they train and create. But they can just as easily lose them to a competitor when the mentoring and education process is complete.
"Machinists are a valuable commodity," Barney adds. "We find that we need to pay them what they are truly worth. But sometimes, working here for a while, they think they can see greener grasses and try other places. But then, sometimes, they come back."
Challenges: Matching internal rigor with growth. "When we were just a small shop, we just had four or five machinists. It was easy to manage," Barney says. "As we've gotten bigger, it is harder."
Opportunities: Existing clients provide great opportunities, but AMT always keeps an eye out for a new partnership. "We would like to expand and have new customers," Barney says, adding that they are just scratching the surface of the aerospace, medical and defense industries in Utah.
Need: Utilizing new marketing techniques is a need. "We moved into Twitter and Facebook," Barney says. But nothing, he believes, beats direct, personal contact. "We need to go directly to a specific customer," he says. "Our best result is from creating person-to-person relationships."
Connect with Advance Manufacturing Technology on SCoP
FarmBox Foods
Built Environment Food & Beverage Industrial & Equipment Supply Chain Colorado
By Gregory Daurer | Jan 14, 2021
Alphaeus Manufacturing
Aerospace & Electronics Consumer & Lifestyle Industrial & Equipment Supply Chain Utah
Quick Drive
Consumer & Lifestyle Industrial & Equipment Supply Chain Colorado


What is ATAR Politics and Law all about?
Have you ever watched the news and wondered what all those politicians were arguing about in Parliament? Or how juries arrive at their verdicts during criminal trials? Then this course is for you! Politics and Law explores the processes and procedures under which our nation is governed. You will learn about how laws are made in our Parliament and then applied in our courts and engage in activities such as mock Parliament's, trials and trips to the local courthouse.
This course would be useful for students who are thinking about pursuing a career in law, political advocacy, public administration, community development, teaching, journalism, human resource management, government and commerce.
Students wanting to select ATAR Politics and Law will need to have successfully passed the Online Literacy and Numeracy Assessment (OLNA) in Year 10 or prequalified by achieving Band 8 or higher in the Year 9 NAPLAN.
This course will lead to the study of political and legal power and authority in Units 3 and 4 in Year 12 and possible University entrance.
Australian politics is currently experiencing one of its most interesting phases, from leadership challenges, debates about human rights to the growth of the dominance of micro parties in Parliament. If you are interested in learning about how our country is governed and the importance of accountability of our government and the need for protection of human rights then this course is for you! Politics and Law explores the processes and procedures under which our nation is governed. You will learn about how power is divided between our state and federal government and also engage in debate such as whether or not Parliament fulfils its functions and the adequacy of human rights protection in Australia.
Students wanting to select ATAR Politics and Law will need to have successfully passed ATAR Politics and Law Unit 1 and 2 in year 11.
This course could possibly lead to University entrance.
Possibility of an Australian republic.


Color Crush – Lusting for Leopard!
I was wondering why I was getting so bored with plain old color – and then I realized it is because I am head over heels right now in love with prints! To be specific, leopard print. Not only is it my classic go-to during the fall (if you know how to wear it, it never goes out of style!) but more and more I am working with clients who are willing to take a traditional southern room and take the leap of placing a hot, edgy leopard print chair in the mix, or trust my advice that a leopard print rug would just the "wow" factor they are looking for.


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Ловз-Дар () — село в Ірані, у дегестані Чагар-Чешме, у бахші Камаре, шагрестані Хомейн остану Марказі. За даними перепису 2006 року, його населення становило 10 осіб, що проживали у складі 4 сімей.

Клімат
Середня річна температура становить 10,92 °C, середня максимальна – 30,09 °C, а середня мінімальна – -12,61 °C. Середня річна кількість опадів – 234 мм.

Примітки

Населені пункти шагрестану Хомейн


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Girls Soccer Shows Strong Defense Against Deerfield and Nobles
Juliet Gildehaus
Girls Lacroose Falls to Deerfield by Three Goals
Featured Posts • Apr 13, 2017
Girls Soccer Spoils Nobles's Undefeated Record
Boys Soccer Ties Deerfield, Falls to Worcester
Boys Soccer • Nov 3, 2017
Co-Captain Tookie Wilson '18 crashed in on a Nobles and Greenough forward, stopping Nobles from getting a good shot off in the Andover Girls Soccer game on Wednesday. Despite displaying a strong effort, Andover ultimately lost 2-0. On Sunday, Andover also showed strong defensive plays but settled for a score of 0-0 against Deerfield, bringing its record to 5-5-3.
During the Deerfield game, there were some complications for Andover with unexpected weather conditions and a different playing surface than usual.
"The rainy weather is always difficult [to play in]. People tend to fall and take messy touches, but it's something that all athletes have to work with. We were also playing on turf for the first time this season. On turf, the ball moves a lot faster and allows for much harder passes and shots, so that was an adjustment for us," said Co-Captain Molly Katarincic '18.
Despite having to play in the difficult conditions, Andover displayed some strong plays, particularly by goalie Emily Hardy '20, according to Katarincic.
"As usual, our keeper Emily Hardy was an exceptional force in the Deerfield game. It's really nice to have such a talented, confident keeper when the defense falls out of shape, and Emily exemplifies that," said Katarincic.
According to Wilson, Andover did a solid job of keeping the ball in their possession, but had trouble getting shots past the Deerfield goalie.
"It was a difficult tie. We definitely dominated possession during the game, but I have to give it to Deerfield [for their performance] — and especially to the Deerfield goalie who shut us out," said Wilson.
Overall, Andover struggled to maintain its composure at tough times throughout the game, according to Katarincic.
"I think, overall, everyone gave great effort, [but] we are still a very young team and so composure in defining moments [of the game] is still something we are working on," said Wilson.
On Wednesday, according to Katarincic, Andover played with grit against top-competitor Nobles, whose record stands at 11-1-1, and was proud of its effort and ability to unite on the field.
"Today was probably the best game we have played to date, which is really exciting that it is coming together at such a critical part of the season. Our defense, led by Wilson and Mackenzie Lucas '20, was unstoppable and gave 100 percent of their effort to stopping [Nobles'] quick front runners," said Katarincic.
Blakeley Buckingham '20 added, "Nobles is one of the strongest teams in New England, and our defense did such an awesome job shutting them down."
Moving forward, the team will look to dominate in its last couple games of the season by learning from mistakes made in previous games, according to Katarincic.
Katarincic said, "[On Sunday] I think we could have organized and distributed from our midfield better. It's certainly something we are going to work on going forward. We needed to get goals, but that can't happen without good distribution and midfield organization, which is why we struggled."
Andover will play against Lawrence Academy this Friday under the lights at Phelps Stadium for its "Senior Game."
"I cannot believe my senior season is coming to an end, but I'm looking forward to my last few games with GVS along with the friendships that I've made on the team that I know will last a lifetime. [I am] also pumped for our senior game," said Wilson.


Perennials, 30-150 cm (poly-carpic, with sparingly branched, woody caudices). Stems 1-3, usually purple-red-tinted proximally, branched distally, glabrous or ± hairy. Leaves: blades simple or lobed (lobes 3-19+), glabrous or sparsely hairy, gland-dotted; mid leaves lobed (lobes 3-19+, terminal lobes 0.7-1.3 mm wide). Heads 25-400+ per plant, in paniculiform to corymbiform arrays. Peduncles 0.4-2 cm, glabrous or ± hairy. Involucres campanulate to narrowly campanulate, 5-7.5 × 2.2-4.5 mm. Phyllaries in 2 series, unequal; outer 3-5, basally connate 1/2-3/4 their lengths, obovate to oblanceolate, 4-6 mm, apices acuminate, acute, obtuse, or rounded; inner 3-5, obovate to oblanceolate, 2.5-4.5 mm, apices acuminate, acute, obtuse, or rounded, sometimes mucronate. Ray florets 3-5; corollas yellow, extending beyond phyllaries, 3.4-6 × 1.7-4 mm. Disc florets 6-15 (functionally staminate); corollas 3-4 mm. Cypselae obconic, 1.7-3.5 mm (hairy, hairs straight or wavy); pappi 0, or of 2-6 ± lanceolate scales 1-2.5 mm.


Yakima, Washington (findit) December 13, 2017 - Parry Jewelers now invites all their customers to explore the new exquisite designer collection of engagement rings. They believe every couple deserves something unique and perfect to reflect their love. That's why they spend hours - and sometimes days - creating each and every ring by hand.
Rated as the No. 1 jewelry store in Yakima WA, Parry Jewelers features a designer collection of engagement rings from many of the top designer jewelry manufacturers like Parade Design, A. Jaffe, Gabriel & Company, Venetti, Valina, Diadori, Gelin Abaci and more. All their jewelry is made to last a lifetime, which makes Parry Jewelers, the best place to buy engagement rings Yakima. These are made with the intention of providing customers with fashionable pieces at affordable prices.
The spokesperson stated, "Our fine collection of engagement rings consists of unique designs that are individually tailored to create a one-of-a-kind heirloom, a piece of art that mirrors what is uniquely yours."
When it comes to engagement rings, Parry Jewelers is really on top of the list. The way that they create their rings is superb and makes it stand out from the rest. Customers choose this shop because of how hard the shop works on making the jewelry to be one of a kind and special for the customers. The work is professionally done and will surely be loved by the people whom the rings are given to.
While explaining their custom design process, the spokesperson clearly expressed his thought as follows, "When it comes to custom design, we have worked hard to develop a reputation for unique and distinctive jewelry. If a client does not find exactly what he or she is looking for within the exclusive jewelry collections on display, or if a client wishes to redesign that out-dated or worn-out piece of jewelry into something new and exciting, our professional staff will help design that special one-of-a-kind piece!"
Apart from the above mentioned, Parry Jewelers, the best jewelry store in Yakima, WA also specializes in offering: jewelry appraisals, jewelry insurance, engraving, pearl/beard stringing, and jewelry repairs. The media person stated, "Don't hesitate when deciding who to trust with your precious creation. We aren't satisfied unless you are! Let us help you design exactly what you envision or even bring your masterpiece to life!"


Add to this his habits of extensive reading in finance and economics, and intense fascination with systems and their mechanics, which has favoured him the unique privilege of discovering just a little more of Africa's economic soul. David's travels outside of Africa gave him glimpses of a future Africa, when it grows up, and of what it has to do to reach that point. Above all, he is a hopeless romantic about the future and the intuitive signs of the future that appear in the course of ordinary life and business in the present.


Are Unmarried Births Really Declining?
Steepest Decline Since 1940: Unmarried child-bearing has declined at its steepest and most sustained rate since 1940 over the last few years, both in terms of rate and real numbers. The rate declined 14% from its all-time high in 2008.
Cohabiting Births Now Majority: Increasingly, unmarried births are taking place in cohabiting relationships, 58% of all out-of-wedlock births today, up from 41% in 2002. These are also increasingly intended pregnancies, by 20% in 2002 to 29% in 2010.
1. Declined 30% for ages 15-17 and 26% for ages 18-19.
2. For 20-24 year-olds declined by 19% and 13% for those aged 25-29.
Declines for All Races: Race-wise, declines are seen in all groups since 2007.
1. Hispanic women had the highest levels in 2007, but the greatest decline today at 28%.
2. Black women had an 11% decline.
3. Non-Hispanic White women had a 6% decline.
4. Asian and Pacific Islanders have always had the lowest levels in general, having a very minimal recent decline.
Is "The Man Problem" at work here?
No one really knows the reason for this positive turn. But the sharp and continued increase of these births among cohabiting women and those in their later 30s and 40s is very curious.
I believe it has much to do with the difficulty women are having finding marriageable men today. If they cannot find men who they feel good about marrying, they will simply settle for living with them and getting a baby from them as they feel their biological clocks ticking down in these later ages.
And this is exactly what we are seeing in increasing numbers.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged cohabitation, cohabiting, demographics, family formation, unmarried births. Bookmark the permalink.


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Plumbers rescue man who fell into Bethel Park creek after medical emergency
April 30, 2021 at 10:10 pm EDT
BETHEL PARK, Pa. — A group of plumbers had anything but an ordinary workday.
"You take a double take, wasn't even sure of what I really saw at first," one of the men said. "I just reacted."
After spotting the man in the water, the three men from All Pro Plumbing jumped into action. They were working near the "T" stop on Logan Road. The owner said he "saw the top of a gentleman's head in the creek."
The men grabbed the man in the water and helped him to safety using one of their ladders.
"When we first tried to pull him up, he wasn't responding," John Oakes said. "We couldn't get him on the ladder so these two guys were actually able to grab his shoulders and just pull him right up, pull him up on the ladder and get him to the pavement."
They said the water was high because of the recent rainfall, and the current was strong. The men said they aren't heroes - they would help anyone in need.
"If it was anybody, I'd help anybody out, just like I'd want somebody to help me out," Jon Stapas said. "I'm happy it wasn't turning for the worst."
IRS: Some who received unemployment benefits will be getting another refund soon
Steelers first round pick holds draft day pizza party at homeless shelter he lived in as a child
'Diners, Drive-ins and Dives' to showcase Pittsburgh-area restaurant
VIDEO: Brothers charged after paramedics attacked, home set on fire in Baldwin


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More Crime Stories»
'Pillowcase Rapist' Convicted in 1983 Attack
Jury Deliberations in NYC Bike Path Killings Hit a Snag
'It's Going to Get Gruesome' During Alex Murdaugh Trial
Woman Who Mailed Ricin to Trump Expected to Get Nearly 22 Years
Crime /
Charles Manson in Hospital, Reportedly in Dire Condition
Mass murderer, 83, hospitalized for unspecified issue; one source says 'it's just a matter of time'
By Jenn Gidman, Newser Staff
Posted Nov 16, 2017 8:07 AM CST
This Oct. 8, 2014, file photo provided by the California Department of Corrections shows Charles Manson. (California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation via AP)
All that California corrections officials will confirm is that Charles Manson is alive—but all other details on why the 83-year-old mass murderer is now at a hospital in Bakersfield, Calif., are being kept under wraps, per the Los Angeles Times. It's his second reported hospital visit this year, after a January trip for what TMZ says was serious intestinal bleeding. Sources tell the site that Manson, serving life in prison for his role in the 1969 Tate-LaBianca murders, was rushed to the hospital over the weekend looking "ashen," with five cops constantly at his side as various medical staff attended to him. The sources add: "It's not going to get any better for him" and "it's just a matter of time." (Read more Charles Manson stories.)


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Wednesday, March 4, 2015 Staff
Chesapeake, Hilcorp Secure Permits in Northern Utica
YOUNGSTOWN, Ohio — Oklahoma City-based Chesapeake Energy Corp. and Houston-based Hilcorp Energy Co. have staked out new wells in the northern tier of the Utica shale in Ohio and western Pennsylvania.
The Ohio Department of Natural Resources issued 13 new permits for horizontal wells in the Utica during the week ended Feb. 28, one of which is in Columbiana County.
Chesapeake secured a single permit to drill at the Paige farm in Franklin Township. Another application for a second well at the site is pending, according to the regulatory agency.
Chesapeake also secured eight additional permits, seven in Carroll County and one in Jefferson County, records show. Four other permits were issued to Eclipse Resources LP for wells in Monroe County.
No new permits were issued last week for Mahoning or Trumbull counties.
The Utica's rig count stood at 37 for the week, unchanged from the previous week. To date, ODNR has issued 1,837 permits and companies have drilled 1,382 of these wells. Of those drilled, 818 are in production.
The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection reported it issued Hilcorp permits for five new wells in Mercer County. Four of the wells are targeted for the Wengerd farm in Lackawannock Township, and the Weiser farm in Shenango Township.
The Pennsylvania DEP did not issue new permits for Lawrence County.
Oil, Gas Production Across Shale Plays Expected to Rise in February
YOUNGSTOWN, Ohio – Oil and natural gas production across the Utica and Marcellus shale plays is expected to increase in February, according to a new report by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. According to the EIA's monthly drilling report, oil…
New Utica Drilling Permits Increase in 2022
YOUNGSTOWN, Ohio – The number of new drilling permits issued to oil and gas companies exploring the Utica/Point Pleasant shale formation in Columbiana County increased substantially in 2022 compared with the previous two years, records show. The Ohio Department of…
Report: Nearly $100 Billion Invested for Ohio Shale
CLEVELAND, Ohio – Ohio's shale gas industry has led the nation in growth for the past four years due to large Utica and Marcellus shale deposits, according to a new report released Friday by JobsOhio and Cleveland State University. The…


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Campbell Declares Quarterly Dividend
The Board of Directors of Campbell Soup Company (NYSE:CPB) today declared a regular quarterly dividend on Campbell's capital stock of $0.
Dec 1, 2021 6:00 PM EST
The Board of Directors of Campbell Soup Company (CPB) - Get Campbell Soup Company Reporttoday declared a regular quarterly dividend on Campbell's capital stock of $0.37 per share. The quarterly dividend is payable Jan. 31, 2022 to shareholders of record at the close of business Jan. 6, 2022.
About Campbell Soup Company
For more than 150 years, Campbell (CPB) - Get Campbell Soup Company Report has been connecting people through food they love. Generations of consumers have trusted Campbell to provide delicious and affordable food and beverages. Headquartered in Camden, N.J. since 1869, Campbell generated fiscal 2021 net sales of nearly $8.5 billion. Our portfolio includes iconic brands such as Campbell's, Cape Cod, Goldfish, Kettle Brand, Lance, Late July, Milano, Pace, Pacific Foods, Pepperidge Farm, Prego, Snyder's of Hanover, Swanson and V8. Campbell has a heritage of giving back and acting as a good steward of the environment. The company is a member of the Standard & Poor's 500 as well as the FTSE4Good and Bloomberg Gender-Equality Indices. For more information, visit www.campbellsoupcompany.com or follow company news on Twitter via @CampbellSoupCo.


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Gordon Gekko
Hi Sarenco,
I was thinking in terms of a 7% nominal return (I'm invested 100% in diversified global equities with a 0.45% TER).
Brendan, the issue is the % restriction for personal pension contributions. If someone waits to (say) 50 to commence meaningful contributions, they're restricted to putting €34k a year into the fund. There is no scope to make "catch-up" contributions. Every year one doesn't contribute circa €30k, one is down between €100k and €200k at the end.
Brendan Burgess said:
For a young person, there will be plenty of time to contribute to the pension in later years.
Hi Brendan
I think the fatal flaw with the argument that somebody should prioritise paying down their mortgage ahead of making pension contributions when they are early in their career is that it ignores the very significant dispersion of equity returns across different time periods.
I would actually be of the view that, all being equal, somebody that is early in their career should prioritise making pension contributions to maximise the possibility of capturing something close to the long-term average return on equities. Conversely, somebody that is later in their career should prioritise paying down their mortgage ahead of schedule to gradually de-risk their position as retirement draws closer and their human capital (present value of future earnings) shrinks.
To put it another way, by holding off making pension contributions while carrying a mortgage, an early career investor is missing an opportunity to "diversify across time" as he is concentrating his bet on the return on equities over a much shorter time period.
Reactions: cremeegg
Brendan Burgess
Gordon Gekko said:
Every year one doesn't contribute circa €30k, one is down between €100k and €200k at the end.
Not really. You are assuming that the person will be in a position to make the maximum contributions every year from age 35 to retirement at 65.
If they do that, they are going to exceed the €800k tax-free lump sum limit.
Thought the tax free lump sum limit is 200k ?
That just doesn't sound right.
There are different risks involved. You are advocating that people borrow money to invest in equities through their pension. The tax reliefs make this worthwhile, but it's risky. I am advocating getting the borrowing down first and then investing in the pensions. I think that the Duke went even further and said, pay off your mortgage in full before contributing to a pension.
I would have thought that contributing over a 25 year period from 40 to 65 was plenty of "diversification over time". Especially as one has dramatically reduced the risk of interest rate rises through paying down the mortgage.
My gut feeling, although I don't know how to demonstrate it, is that a smaller mortgage and a smaller pension fund, is less risky than a bigger mortgage and a bigger pension fund.
Last edited: 30 Aug 2017
€2m is the relevant number Brendan.
25% out by way of lump sum - €200k tax free and €300k taxed at 20%.
€60k tax on €500k is a stellar outcome.
Let's take the risk arbitrage out of the picture. Let's consider investing the pension fund in risk free cash. Lucky to get 0% after charges. So we borrow at 3.3% to invest at 0%. No way would any tax advantage compensate for that.
So make no mistake anyone who promotes pension funding over mortgage repayment is effectively advising retail investors to borrow to invest in the stockmarket.
My gut feeling, although I don't know how to demonstrate it, is that a smaller mortgage and a smaller pension fund, is less risky than a smaller mortgage and a smaller pension fund.
Boss that doesn't sound quite right
qwerty5
Duke of Marmalade said:
There's a good chance I'm wrong here.
Suppose I've one year left before pension, and one year left before mortgage.
If I forgo €100 of my take home pay I'll get about €200 invested into my pension. Saving myself €100 assuming no growth or fees. If my pension is low (below €200K from the numbers above) I can take this out tax free or at 20% if I've €500K.
If I take the €100 of my take home pay and pay it off the mortgage I'll save €3 assuming I'm on a 3% mortgage.
Am I totally off the wall there. It is possible / likely.
@Duke of Marmalade
Would you advise a 30-year old with a mortgage on a tracker rate of ECB+1% to prioritise paying down their mortgage ahead of contributing to a pension?
Or what if the mortgage rate was fixed for 30 years @3.5%?
I'm trying to tease out whether you have a principled objection to investing in a pension while carrying mortgage debt or whether your opinion is based on your expectations of future investment returns or interest rates over a particular timeframe.
Is it not key that €100 goes into the pension to compound tax-free, whereas only €60 is paid off the mortgage?
Also, with regard to the leverage point, I don't believe it's particularly reckless to borrow at 3% to invest 100% in equities into a tax free environment over 30+ years.
Typo corrected. Thanks
qwerty5 said:
This overall debate is about funding a pension or paying down a pension much earlier.
Close to retirement, especially a year to go, when the tax benefits are much clearer, it will be clear whether contributing to a pension is better or not. In the case you outline, with a small pension fund, maxing the pension contribution is the right idea.
Reactions: qwerty5
There are two points here,
Comparing risk free alternatives at today's interest rates there is no compounding at play in the pension fund.
On whether taking the investment risk on a tax free basis makes sense is debatable, you seem to think yes, I'm not so sure.
But where's the logic in only looking at risk free alternatives? The choice is not limited to those two options.
Surely this is simple enough to model? I'll take a look tomorrow.
Take someone whose mortgage is at 3% with 30 years left on it. He's 35, with 30 years to go to retirement. He has a choice this year, invest €23k in his pension, or repay €14k of his mortgage.
I don't believe that it's unrealistic to assume an average annual nominal return 6.5% over a 30 year period from an all equity investment strategy (with a TER of, say, 0.5%).
What does that look like in terms of wealth creation vs early repayment of the mortgage and subsequent investment of the mortgage repayments that don't arise on foot of its early repayment?
Surely this is simple enough to model?
Hah! If only.
What assumptions are you going to use for future mortgage rates? What about the sequence of returns on your equity investment? I assume you don't expect to achieve a constant annual return of 6.5% over the next 30 years.
Don't get me wrong - I would still recommend to somebody in their 30s to prioritise making pension contributions over paying down their variable rate mortgage.
However, Duke is absolutely correct when he suggests that recommendation implies taking a degree of investment risk and the market obviously has absolutely no obligation to meet my expectations - over any timeframe.
It's a judgment call.
But isn't sequencing of returns irrelevant when no drawdowns are occurring and contributions are regular and consistent?
I absolutely agree re the market, however 30 years is a meaningful time horizon, and one where it is not unreasonable to expect returns in or around the long term averages.
No, the sequence of returns matters where there are contributions to or drawdowns from a portfolio.
Bear in mind that the first euro you contribute will be invested for a lot longer than the last euro you contribute. Also, I think it makes sense to think in terms of your "euro weighted" time horizon.
But isn't it fair to say that the longer the time horizon, the more likely the investor is to achieve long term averages? And that 30 years is "getting there" in terms of a time horizon?
Yes, historically that's certainly been the case.


So, I couldn't share holiday gift ideas with you, without including some fun holiday-themed products from the Good Cook and Sweet Creations line. And, thanks to the kind folks at Good Cook, I was recently sent their 3D Holiday Ornament Cake Pan, 4 wells (on sale now for only $19.49), a Cake Decorator Bag (on sale for only $3.44) and Candy Stripe Large Cookie Box, 2pk (on sale now for only $3.18) to try out.
I was planning to wait and bake this weekend, when my parents come to visit and help put up the Christmas tree. But, Savannah has been eying the 3D ornament pan for over a week now, and asks every day if today is the day we use them to make a sweet creation. :-) So, yesterday, I surprised her by having all the ingredients to make a strawberry cake and frosting ready to go.
I have to say after trying out the non-stick bakeware from Good Cook over the course of this year, I am in heaven. Unlike my other so-called non-stick pans, this was actually works at keeping the food from sticking. And, cleaning up is a breeze, as I usually only have to use a wet paper towel to wipe it down, and then dry with a washcloth. The Good Cook bakeware also holds up wonderfully. After frequent use baking with the girls, the pans always wash up and store away as if they were brand new. Now, that is saying a lot for such amazing brand like Good Cook. Even if I weren't a Good Cook Expert, I would continue to purchase their cookware, bakeware and kitchen accessories, as they are durable, versatile (like using the whoopie pie pans to make pancakes or even egg patties for a breakfast sandwich), and cook foods thoroughly each and every time.
So, after breakfast yesterday AM, the girls put on their cooking aprons and headed into the kitchen. After helping me whip up the strawberry cake batter, Savannah helped pour the batter into the 3D ornament mold, while Bella covered the filled molded pan with the other cover that comes in this 2-piece set. Unlike other 3D ornament cookie pans I have bought and used in the past, this one from Good Cook really makes the finished product look 3D, as it as the same proportions all the way around, and is not flat on one side.
As for the icing bag, I didn't expect the girls to take to this decorating tool, as they are still too young. So, they watched me, as I piped on some strawberry and chocolate frostings on our finished 3D Christmas ornaments. The girls added the finishing touches -- which included Sixlet candies and colored sprinkles. Yum!
So, if you love to cook, especially with your children or grandchildren, or have a baker/foodie on your holiday shopping list, why not check out the amazing product selection offered at Good Cook: www.goodcook.com. I just ordered their 3D cookie cutters to try out with the girls, as well as more cookie boxes, to put their sweet creations in, so that they can share with friends and neighbors.
As for 2014, I hope it will be as memorable as 2013 has been, and I can't wait to see what challenges are presented to me and other Good Cook Experts.


A woman is never far from her handbag, be it large or small, high street or designer. Well, woman have revealed to us the secrets of their handbag.
In a recent Diamond survey of 2,000 women, over 20% claim to own more than ten handbags. That means you ladies are dedicating a lot of precious wardrobe space to your growing collections.
It would also appear some of you use handbags to suss out others, with 25% of those surveyed saying they judge other women by the bag they carry.
Whether it's a Biba satchel bag, a Chanel clutch or the coveted Mulberry Bayswater, beautiful bags get you talking.
A lot of you desire the supple leather offerings which are usually seen dangling from the arms of bona fide superstars and any WAG worth her salt, however of the women we asked 59% would rather buy a few high street bags than one blow out purchase if they were given £500 to spend.
When it comes to who should carry one, man bags are a no no for most women with 77% calling them a turn off.
Whether you're a one bag woman or a "more's the merrier" kinda gal, a girl's handbag contains her own personal collection of essentials to help get her through the day. The average woman's handbag contains £284 worth of purses, phones, make-up and plenty of other essentials and 11% of those asked said they'd had their handbag stolen.
We've been asking you what's the strangest item in your bag and your answers so far certainly haven't disappointed. From the sweet, "my son's first baby tooth which is now 20 years old," to the saucy, "spare knickers," to the downright scary, "The blood of my enemies."


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Britannia ramps up premium portfolio to deal with economic slowdown
Lesser exposure to the sub-H100 category has improved profitability, company says
Published: 13th November 2019 01:58 AM | Last Updated: 13th November 2019 01:02 PM | A+A A-
Britannia plans to scale up its salted snacks segment in the West and croissant business in East and South
By Sesa sen
Express News Service
Amid definite signs of a chill in rural sales, FMCG major Britannia Industries has been ramping up its premium portfolio to be able to deal with the ongoing economic slowdown better. Lesser exposure to the sub- Rs 100 category has compensated for sluggish sales in tier 2 markets and beyond, improving profitability during the third quarter of the current financial year.
The maker of Good Day and Tiger biscuits has posted 32.9 per cent increase in consolidated net profit to Rs 402.73 crore for the quarter ended September 30, 2019. Net sales were up 5.88 per cent to Rs 3,022.91 crore during the quarter under review as against Rs 2,854.81 crore of the corresponding quarter previous fiscal.
"We continued to grow faster than the market with sequential revenue growth of 13 per cent," Varun Berry, managing director, Britannia Industries, said.
On the cost front, the company witnessed moderate inflation in the prices of key raw materials for the bakery business, while there was an inordinate increase in milk prices that impacted the dairy business. "We accelerated the drive on cost efficiencies and leveraged fixed costs, which helped us improve the shape of our business and deliver high operating profits in the quarter," he said, adding Britannia will continue to invest in category innovation during the phase of sluggish demand in the belief that the government's recent measures will boost consumer demand. It also plans to scale up the salted snacks segment in the West and croissant business in East and South, said Berry.
Biscuits are India's largest consumer product segment, with a worth of Rs 35,000 crore and growing 2.5 per cent in the April-June quarter. Biscuits costing more than Rs 100 per kg, the premium version, account for two-thirds of the market and grew 8 per cent. The rest of the market (less than Rs 100 per kg) fell 9 per cent. Analysts say urban growth is still robust. "Such a situation, in fact, is a good opportunity for premium players like Britannia and ITC to fortify their presence in the biscuits category," said JM Financial's Richard Lu and Vicky Punjabi.
ITC continued to upgrade its premium products with its 'Dark Fantasy Choco Fills'. Parle also kept up with the launch of premium range biscuits as premium is doing really well and is untouched by the slowdown, said Mayank Shah, senior category head, Parle Products.
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Britannia Britannia Industries Good Day Tiger biscuits


Congratulations to all our year 11 students on their exam results.
We are all incredibly proud of how well our students faced the increased demands of the reformed GCSEs this summer; their dedication and hard work have paid off with an excellent set of results.
The percentage of students achieving 5 good grades, including Maths and English at grade 9-4, was 74%.
English and Maths achievement was 82% grade 9-4 in English and 84% grade 9-4 in Maths, and the percentage of students achieving grade 9-4 in both Maths and English was 77%.
Top grades increased, with 30% of all grades awarded being 9-7, the equivalent of A-A*, with large numbers of students excelling in a broad range of subjects at the top grades, including Art (37% 9-7), Graphics (60% 9-7), Dance (65% 9-7), ICT (47% 9-7), Music (63% 9-7).
We are extremely pleased that the hard work, commitment and aspiration of our students and staff has been rewarded with excellent results and we wish all our leaving students every success as they take their next steps.