text:
Q: Проблема хранение ссылок на экземпляр в map Пытаюсь хранить ссылки на экземпляры Test в map из stl c++, но компилятор ругается
class Test { };

class SomeClass {
    map<std::string, Test&> _map;
public:
    Test& find_Test(std::string name) { return _map[name]; }
};

Подскажите, пожалуйста, что я делаю не так?
In file included from D:/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/unique_ptr.h:37:0,
                 from D:/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/locale_conv.h:41,
                 from D:/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/locale:43,
                 from D:/Libraries/SFML/include/SFML/System/Utf.hpp:33,
                 from D:/Libraries/SFML/include/SFML/System/String.hpp:32,
                 from D:/Libraries/SFML/include/SFML/System.hpp:42,
                 from D:/Libraries/SFML/include/SFML/Audio.hpp:32,
                 from D:\ivan\Study\C & C++\problems3_laptop2\Pseudo3DEngine\main.cpp:1:
D:/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/tuple: In instantiation of 'std::pair<_T1, _T2>::pair(std::tuple<_Args1 ...>&, std::tuple<_Args2 ...>&, std::_Index_tuple<_Indexes1 ...>, std::_Index_tuple<_Indexes2 ...>) [with _Args1 = {const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&}; long long unsigned int ..._Indexes1 = {0}; _Args2 = {}; long long unsigned int ..._Indexes2 = {}; _T1 = const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; _T2 = Test&]':
D:/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/tuple:1641:63:   required from 'std::pair<_T1, _T2>::pair(std::piecewise_construct_t, std::tuple<_Args1 ...>, std::tuple<_Args2 ...>) [with _Args1 = {const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&}; _Args2 = {}; _T1 = const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; _T2 = Test&]'
D:/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/ext/new_allocator.h:136:4:   required from 'void __gnu_cxx::new_allocator<_Tp>::construct(_Up*, _Args&& ...) [with _Up = std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&>; _Args = {const std::piecewise_construct_t&, std::tuple<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&>, std::tuple<>}; _Tp = std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&> >]'
D:/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/alloc_traits.h:475:4:   required from 'static void std::allocator_traits<std::allocator<_CharT> >::construct(std::allocator_traits<std::allocator<_CharT> >::allocator_type&, _Up*, _Args&& ...) [with _Up = std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&>; _Args = {const std::piecewise_construct_t&, std::tuple<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&>, std::tuple<>}; _Tp = std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&> >; std::allocator_traits<std::allocator<_CharT> >::allocator_type = std::allocator<std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&> > >]'
D:/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_tree.h:626:32:   required from 'void std::_Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::_M_construct_node(std::_Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::_Link_type, _Args&& ...) [with _Args = {const std::piecewise_construct_t&, std::tuple<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&>, std::tuple<>}; _Key = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; _Val = std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&>; _KeyOfValue = std::_Select1st<std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&> >; _Compare = std::less<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&> >; std::_Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::_Link_type = std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&> >*]'
D:/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_tree.h:643:21:   required from 'std::_Rb_tree_node<_Val>* std::_Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::_M_create_node(_Args&& ...) [with _Args = {const std::piecewise_construct_t&, std::tuple<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&>, std::tuple<>}; _Key = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; _Val = std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&>; _KeyOfValue = std::_Select1st<std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&> >; _Compare = std::less<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&> >; std::_Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::_Link_type = std::_Rb_tree_node<std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&> >*]'
D:/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_tree.h:2398:33:   required from 'std::_Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::iterator std::_Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::_M_emplace_hint_unique(std::_Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::const_iterator, _Args&& ...) [with _Args = {const std::piecewise_construct_t&, std::tuple<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&>, std::tuple<>}; _Key = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; _Val = std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&>; _KeyOfValue = std::_Select1st<std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&> >; _Compare = std::less<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&> >; std::_Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::iterator = std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&> >; std::_Rb_tree<_Key, _Val, _KeyOfValue, _Compare, _Alloc>::const_iterator = std::_Rb_tree_const_iterator<std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&> >]'
D:/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/bits/stl_map.h:493:8:   required from 'std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::mapped_type& std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::operator[](const key_type&) [with _Key = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>; _Tp = Test&; _Compare = std::less<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char> >; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, Test&> >; std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::mapped_type = Test&; std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::key_type = std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>]'
D:\ivan\Study\C & C++\problems3_laptop2\Pseudo3DEngine\main.cpp:17:57:   required from here
D:/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/tuple:1652:70: error: value-initialization of reference type 'Test&'
         second(std::forward<_Args2>(std::get<_Indexes2>(__tuple2))...)
                                                                      ^
mingw32-make.exe[3]: *** [CMakeFiles\Pseudo3DEngine.dir\build.make:63: CMakeFiles/Pseudo3DEngine.dir/main.cpp.obj] Error 1
mingw32-make.exe[2]: *** [CMakeFiles\Makefile2:72: CMakeFiles/Pseudo3DEngine.dir/all] Error 2
mingw32-make.exe[1]: *** [CMakeFiles\Makefile2:84: CMakeFiles/Pseudo3DEngine.dir/rule] Error 2
mingw32-make.exe: *** [Makefile:117: Pseudo3DEngine] Error 2

A: Оператор [] при отсутствии в контейнере запрашиваемого элемента создает его инициализируя конструктором по-умолчанию, что невозможно выполнить для Test &. Используйте return _map.at(name);


text:
Top Shell news from this week
This week has seen a number of announcements from oil major Shell including the divestment of its downstream assets in Denmark.
The Corrib Gas Plant
The company has struck an $80million deal as it looks to streamline its costs amid the global price decline.
Shell has sold the assets to Dansk Olieselskab.
It includes the Fredericia refinery which produces 70,000 barrels of oil per day.
Meanwhile Ophir Energy revealed Shell is planning drilling, offshore Tanzania, in the fourth quarter of this year.
Earlier this week, Shell also revealed it had reached a Carbon, Capture and Storage (CCS) milestone at its operations in Canada.
The Quest project was built by the Athabasca Oil Sands joint venture owners Shell Canada Energy and Chevron Canada Limited as well as Marathon Oil Canada Corporation.
Shell has also brought the final of six wells online at its Corrib project on the West coast of Ireland.
According to Vermilion, which owns an 18.5% stake in the field, production ramp-up has exceeded expectations and production volumes have now reached full capacity.
The boss at Parkmead Group also said earlier this week that the company was interested in North Sea assets that form part of Shell's divestment plans.
Tom Cross, Parkmead's chief executive and biggest shareholder, said the firm had "good relations" with oil majors and pointed out that his previous business venture, Dana Petroleum, had bought North Sea assets from Shell.
Shell is currently trying to raise $30billion (£22.7billion) through a three-year divestment programme to help balance the books after its takeover of BG Group.
Big Oil wins big in ScotWind – Shell, TotalEnergies and BP land acreage
divestment

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
School of Economics News
Latest news from Kent's School of Economics
Macroeconomic simulation comparison with a multivariate extension of the Markov Information Criterion
By tjg | 17 June 2019
by Sylvain Barde, University of Kent. Discussion paper KDPE 1908, June 2019.
Non-technical summary:
The paper develops and tests a multivariate extension of the Markov Information Criterion (MIC)
originally developed in Barde (2017). The main motivation for the MIC is the problem of comparing
the distance between a set of models and some empirical data for cases where estimation of the models with traditional methods is not feasible. This is often the case for simulation models such as agentbased models. The MIC performs this measurement by mapping the simulated data to the markov transition matrix of the underlying data generating process, and is proven to perform optimally (i.e. the measurement is unbiased in expectation) for all models reducible to a markov process. As a result, not only can the MIC provide a measure of distance solely on the basis of simulated data, but it can do it for a very wide class of data generating processes. This is illustrated in Barde (2016), which performs a comparison exercise between three agent based models (ABM) of financial markets and a set of ARCH-like models in order to rank them in terms of empirical performance.
The main drawback of the MIC in its original form is that the measurement of the informational
distance to the data can only be carried out for univariate models, such as the ABM models of financial series mentioned above. In principle, there is no conceptual problem with extending the MIC to multivariate models, as the state of a markov process can be described by a vector of variables, rather than a single variable. In practice, however, increasing the number of variables needed to describe the state of system leads to a combinatorial explosion in the memory requirement of the context-tree weighting (CTW) algorithm of Willems et al. (1995), which forms the basis of the MIC. As a consequence, a naïve extension to multivariate measurements is not possible. Instead, the paper uses a combination of three strategies to overcome this curse of dimensionality and extend the MIC to multiple variables.
The first uses the fact that the most significant bit (MSB) of a context observation is more informative than the least significant bit (LSB). We therefore start by permuting the bits of the context so that the MSBs are processed first and the LSBs are processed last.
Following from this, the second strategy is to truncate the context in order to keep the memory
requirement bounded to a tractable level, and to prune single observation branches of the context tree, following the suggestion of Willems and Tjalkens (1997), in order to keep the tree as small as possible.
Finally, because this truncation is expected to worsen the accuracy of the measurement, the final
strategy is to take the average of multiple measurements in order to increase the performance.
Crucially, this can be done simply by changing the order in variables are conditioned on, and does not require additional simulated or empirical data.
The extended methodology is validated by running two monte carlo model comparisons on VAR and
DSGE models in order to evaluate ability of the multivariate MIC to rank these data generating processes relative to traditional methods. These validations establish that the desirable properties of the univariate MIC can be preserved despite the large increase in the state space and the smaller amount of data. Finally, we carry out a proof-of-concept macroeconomic model comparison exercise to demonstrate that the MIC can enable the direct comparison of ABM and DSGE models, which is a crucial step towards increasing the policy relevance of ABMs
You can download the complete paper here.
Categories: General, maghic, Research


text:
Das Schloss Bellinghoven ist ein Wasserschloss außerhalb der Ortsteile Haffen und Mehr der Stadt Rees im nordrhein-westfälischen Kreis Kleve. Es liegt sechs Kilometer südöstlich von Rees in einer ehemaligen Rheinschlinge.

Im 14. Jahrhundert erstmals urkundlich erwähnt, war die damalige Burg ein Lehen der Grafen von Kleve. Durch spanische Truppen im Achtzigjährigen Krieg teilweise zerstört, wurden die wichtigsten Partien anschließend schlossartig neu errichtet und im 17. Jahrhundert nochmals verändert. Die Anlage wird heute durch den Caritasverband Oberhausen genutzt und ist nur von außen zu besichtigen.

Unweit von Schloss Bellinghoven liegt das Haus Averforth aus dem 14. (15.) Jahrhundert, mit dem im Laufe der Zeit immer wieder Verbindungen bestanden. Auch das Schloss Sonsfeld, das Haus Aspel, das Schloss Diersfordt und das Kloster Schledenhorst liegen im mittelbaren Umkreis des Schlosses.

Geschichte

Die Anfänge
Die Wurzeln der heutigen Schlossanlage sind in einer Motte zu suchen, die wahrscheinlich ein Ableger des Oberhofs in Mehr war. Der künstlich aufgeschüttete Erdhügel samt seinem hölzernen Turm mit Hocheingang war seinerzeit nicht nur von einem Wassergraben umgeben, sondern zusätzlich durch eine Palisade geschützt. Aufgabe der Burg war der Schutz des umliegenden Landes. Nach und nach wurde sie mit Bauten aus Stein erweitert.

Ein Gerard von Bellinghoven aus dem Adelsgeschlecht derer von Bellinghoven wurde bereits 1206 in einer Urkunde erwähnt. Die Burg selbst wurde aber erst 1325 urkundlich genannt, als ihr Bau durch Dietrich von Bellinghoven († 1305) vollendet war und er sie am 20. Dezember des Jahres Dietrich VII. von Kleve zu Lehen auftrug. Sie wurde damit zum Offenhaus der Grafen von Kleve. Im Jahr 1470 erwarb Otto von Hetterscheid das Anwesen, räumte aber seinem Vetter Johann von Bellinghoven das Recht ein, es für 300 Rheinische Gulden zurückkaufen zu können. Dies muss – zumindest teilweise – auch geschehen sein, denn Johann und seine Frau Agnes veräußerten ihren Teil am Haus Bellinghoven 1481 an den Ritter Wilhelm von Bernsau. Der Verkauf war wegen hoher Schulden nötig geworden. 1492 erwarb Wilhelm von Bernsau von Johann von der Horst, Drost des Landes Dinslaken, und seiner Frau Maria auch "die Hälfte und ihren Anteil" am Haus Bellinghoven sowie alle damit verbundenen Rechte.

Neuzeit

Im Achtzigjährigen Krieg wurde die Burg 1598 von spanischen Truppen belagert. Nachdem die Burgbesatzung zwei Angriffe hatte abwehren können, eroberten die Spanier die Anlage im dritten Anlauf, plünderten sie und ermordeten alle Bewohner. In einem zeitgenössischen Bericht über das Ereignis heißt es: "zween sturm abgeschlagen, den dritten verlohren: Alles geplundert, und alles was von menschen darauf gewesen ermordet." Die Gebäude brannten dabei zum Teil nieder. Nach Abzug der Spanier ließ der damalige Burgbesitzer Konrad von Bernsau die wichtigsten Gebäude jedoch schlossartig wieder aufbauen.

Nach Konrads Tod 1607 folgte ihm der klevische Amtmann in Bislich-Mehr-Haffen Wyrich von Bernsau als Besitzer nach. Dieser ließ das Schloss durch einige Zubauten ergänzen und Details an den Gebäuden verändern. Während seiner Zeit als Schlossbesitzer erhob der Große Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg Bellinghoven 1649 samt den Kirchspielen von Haffen und Mehr zur Herrlichkeit. Bei Wyrichs Tod im April 1656 erbte sein Sohn Wilhelm die Anlage. Er hielt sich jedoch überwiegend in Holland auf, wo seine Familie durch seine Mutter ebenfalls Besitzungen hatte. Im Holländischen Krieg plünderten und verwüsteten französische Truppen das Schloss im Jahr 1672. Es teilte damit das Schicksal des nahe gelegenen Schlosses Sonsfeld. Wilhelm gehörte dem reformierten Glauben an und gab der örtlichen evangelischen Kirchengemeinde die Erlaubnis, alle 14 Tage Gottesdienste in seinem Schloss Bellinghoven abzuhalten. Diese Gepflogenheit fand jedoch nach seinem Tod unter seinem katholischen Schwiegersohn ein Ende. Wilhelms Tochter Margareta hatte gegen den Willen ihres Vaters den Grafen Franz Kaspar Adrian Schellart von Obbendorf geheiratet. Nach dessen Tod ging sie eine zweite Ehe mit Franz Kaspar Schellart von Obbendorf ein, aus der ihre beiden einzigen Kinder, zwei Töchter, entsprangen. Die ältere der beiden, Elisabeth Henriette Maria Victoria, heiratete am 26. Juli 1695 den in Geldern auf Schloss Haag ansässigen Wilhelm Adrian von und zu Hoensbroech, Erbmarschall des Herzogtums Geldern, und brachte ihm 1704 – nach dem Tod ihrer Mutter im Jahr 1702 – das Schloss Bellinghoven zu.

Joseph von Hoensbroech verkaufte die Anlage mit Erlaubnis der preußischen Königs am 1. Juli 1788 an den reformierten Prediger Johann Gottfried von Manger. Er ließ die Gebäude des seinerzeit landtagsfähigen Ritterguts umbauen und gab der Anlage im Wesentlichen ihre heutige Gestalt. In der französischen Zeit bekleidete von Manger das Amt des Bürgermeisters in der Mairie Haldern, hatte jedoch durch die napoleonische Verwaltungsreform die ehemals mit Bellinghoven verbundenen Herrschaftsrechte verloren. Nach von Mangers Tod im Jahr 1823 wechselte Bellinghoven durch Kauf und Verkauf mehrfach den Besitzer. Unter diesen finden sich die Familien Luyken, Münster und Haniel.

Heutige Nutzung

Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg erwarb die Bergwerksgesellschaft Walsum die Anlage. Der dazugehörende Landbesitz wurde als Entschädigung an Landwirte vergeben, die wegen des Bergbaus ihren Hof aufgeben mussten. Das Schloss selbst überließ sie mit ein wenig Landbesitz dem Katholischen Jugendwerk in Duisburg-Hamborn. Dieses gab es 1974 kostenlos an den Verein "Die Brücke" weiter, der das Gebäude zu einem Heim für gefährdete Jugendliche machte. Dafür wurden von 1974 bis 1976 umfangreiche Renovierungsarbeiten sowie Um- und Ausbaumaßnahmen durchgeführt. Dabei wurden mittelalterliche Tonscherben und Knochenreste im Schlosshof gefunden. Seit 1983 betreibt der Caritasverband Oberhausen im Schloss eine heilpädagogische Einrichtung für junge Erwachsene mit seelischer Beeinträchtigung.

Beschreibung

Schloss Bellinghoven steht auf einer rechteckigen, wasserumwehrten Insel, deren gesamte Fläche von einem Kellergeschoss eingenommen wird, auf dem sich darüber das Schlossgebäude mit Mansarddach erhebt. Das Niveau der Insel ist etwas höher als das des Umlandes, sodass der Hauptzugang, eine dreibogigen Steinbrücke an der nördlichen Längsseite, vom Außenrand des Wassergrabens zur Schlossinsel hin ansteigt. Ein weiterer, schmaler Zugang existiert an der Ostseite. Der östliche Teil der Insel wird von einem dreiflügeligen Hauptgebäude in Hufeisenform eingenommen, während der westliche Teil eine Art Terrasse bildet. Sie ist von einer Brüstungsmauer umgeben und besitzt schlanke, quadratische Ecktürme mit Zeltdach. Die beiden Seitenflügel des Haupthauses sind unterschiedlich groß: der jüngere nördliche ist schmaler als sein südliches Pendant, und seine zwei Geschosse fallen niedriger aus als die beiden Stockwerke des Südtrakts. Der mittlere Flügel besitzt in seiner Mitte einen viergeschossigen Turm mit barocker Schweifhaube und einer bekrönenden Aussichtsplattform, die von einem schmiedeeisernen Gitter umgeben ist, so wie es auch auf Schloss Falkenlust der Fall ist. Das im Südflügel befindliche Portal des Hauses ist von vier Pilastern gerahmt und zeigt über dem Sturz einfache Stuckornamente aus dem 18. Jahrhundert.

Die heutigen Gebäude stammen vermutlich aus dem 16. und 17. Jahrhundert, stehen aber auf wohl älteren Kellergeschossen, worauf deren wesentlich größere Mauerstärken hinweisen. Außerhalb der Schlossinsel gibt es keine Bodenstrukturen, die auf eine ehemalige Garten- oder Parkanlage hinweisen. Auch in alten Karten sind solche nicht verzeichnet, und ebenso gibt es in Urkunden keinen Hinweis darauf. Schloss Bellinghoven ist damit eines der wenigen Herrenhäuser am Niederrhein, für die weder ein Garten noch ein Park nachzuweisen ist.

Literatur

 Paul Clemen (Hrsg.): Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreis Rees (= Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz. Band 2, Abt. 1). L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1892, S. 12–13 (online).
 Stefan Frankewitz: Burgen, Schlösser und Herrenhäuser in Rees. B.O.S.S, Goch 2006, ISBN 3-933969-57-3, S. 38–42.
 Walter Luyken: Über Burgen und burgenkundliche Anlagen im Kreise Rees. In: Kreis Rees (Hrsg.): Heimatkalender. Landkreis Rees. Schiffer, Rheinberg 1967, S. 87–88.
 H. Obbeck: Die Herrlichkeit Haffen-Mehr 1649–1810. In: Kreis Rees (Hrsg.): Heimatkalender für den Landkreis Rees. Emmerich 1952, S. 81–86.
 Heinrich Rotthauwe, genannt Löns: Land an Rhein und Issel und die böse Sieben. Amt Haldern, Haldern 1975, S. 161–165.
 Gerd Stevens: Bellinghoven. Die Geschichte einer niederrheinischen Wasserburg. Rees 2001.
 Stadt Rees (Hrsg.): Denkmäler in Rees. Schloss Bellinghoven. Selbstverlag, Rees o. J. (PDF; 745 kB).
 Josef Wolff: Die von Bernsau (Bernsow) auf Bellinghoven. In: Kreis Rees (Hrsg.): Heimatkalender. Landkreis Rees. Schiffer, Rheinberg 1964. S. 117 ff.

Weblinks

 Geschichte und Fotos auf rheinruhronline.de

Einzelnachweise

Ersterwähnung 1325
Bellinghoven
Bellinghoven
Bauwerk in Rees
Geschichte (Rees)
Baudenkmal in Rees
Bellinghoven
Bellinghoven

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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It is estimated that 50 million Americans suffer from tinnitus, a medical condition that manifests as a persistent ringing, whooshing or swishing sound in your ear.
Tinnitus: Ringing in the ears and how to find relief
You're not crazy, that constant sound in your ears could be a real medical condition called tinnitus. And, you're not the only one looking for relief. If you hear constant ringing, whistling, hissing, or other sounds that never seem to go away, you could be suffering from a hearing condition called tinnitus. The American Tinnitus Association estimates that 50 million people in the country suffer from this problem. Individuals may feel tormented by these sounds that never seem to stop. What cause...


The campaign to protect Silent Valley in Kerala from the envisaged dam which would have completely submerged this rich forest, was truly an inspiring one. Yet, similar projects are being planned, leading to a sense of déjà vu, says Bittu Sahgal.
The elephants will probably still be there if I return after breakfast," I consoled myself as I began the long trudge down… camera, tripod and long lens precariously clutched in one hand and the metal hand-rail in the other. When I returned an hour later, however, the pachyderms were well and truly swallowed by their jungle.
Try as I might, I could not see the elephants. I had a great vantage point on the upper-most level of the tall Sairandhri watch tower. I could hear the elephants feeding as they snapped off branches and bamboo stalks. The hill range across from me was visible in clear light. And I had a very good pair of binoculars in my hand. But the canopy under which the elephants stood was just too thick, and I could see neither hide nor hair of them. 10… 15… 20 minutes went by, which I spent watching birds, contemplating the snake-like Kunthi river and thanking my stars for placing me here in one of the finest forests in the world.
I was on a pilgrimage. Having worked with colleagues to protect Silent Valley for over three decades, I had never once set foot on its living soil until the end of 2012. Driving in from Coimbatore, after a short night halt at Mukkali, I took off from Sairandhri in the company of the peerless M.K. Gopi, a driver with the Kerala Forest Department. Within five minutes of hitting the road, a sounder of wild pigs stared curiously at us for a moment before scampering back into the coffee plantation. Minutes later, right in the middle of the road sat two, exquisite Emerald Doves, undaunted by our presence 20 m. away. Bumping along the 23 km-long, stony road, we stopped frequently to walk a bit and to listen to the sounds of silence…bird calls, chirps and whistles, the rustling of dry leaves, and the familiar chatter of quarrelling Malabar giant squirrels. The coffee, eucalyptus and teak plantations that had so unwisely replaced the miraculous rainforest were now behind us.
We were soon in Sairandhri, the very heart of Silent Valley. From here on, exploration of the park, all 237.52 sq. km. of it, would be on foot. The very first thing I did was to orient myself by climbing to the top of the watch tower to spend some time alone. "May you be blessed Dr.Sálim Ali," I whispered under my breath as I took in the vista, turning 3600 to savour the uninterrupted rainforest that the people of Kerala, represented by a whole phalanx of social workers, poets, scientists and conservationists, had doggedly saved from death by drowning.
I first came to hear about the Save Silent Valley Campaign in early 1979 after reading a newspaper report about a man called Sathish Chandran Nair who was fighting against the dam of the same name. The Kerala Sasthra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) and its President, M. K. Prasad were spearheading the battle, I learned from Dr. V. S. Vijayan. Dr.Vijayan, having fallen foul of the Kerala Forest Research Institute (his former employers) for publicly opposing Silent Valley, joined the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS). Others such as Dilnavaz Variava, Coordinator, Save Silent Valley Committee, Mumbai, were vociferous about the manner in which science was being held hostage by determined Kerala politicians. Back in those days, however, India, under the tutelage of the World Bank, was infatuated with large dams and nothing, it seemed, could prevent the project from going through. Even the Kerala High Court had refused to stay the project. Around then I recall meeting one of India's finest poets, Sugatha Kumari with Sundarlal Bahuguna, Medha Patkar and Baba Amte. Sugatha Kumari spoke quietly, with deep feeling for Silent Valley, as though it were a living being. I was by then a part and parcel of the BNHS and used to spend hours pouring over reports to figure out strategies against destructive large dams, with compatriots such as Ashish Kothari of Kalpavriksh and his late brother, Smitu Kothari of Lokayan.
I cannot quite put my finger on just what the tipping point was, but with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) taking a strong position against the dam, and most nationally-respected scientists rejecting the facile opinions of the coterie of scientists trotted out by the Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB), something turned the tide.
Back in those days, however, India, under the tutelage of the World Bank, was infatuated with large dams and nothing, it seemed, could prevent the project from going through. Even the Kerala High Court had refused to stay the project. Around then I recall meeting one of India's finest poets, Sugatha Kumari with Sundarlal Bahuguna, Medha Patkar and Baba Amte.
Dr.Sálim Ali, and the BNHS led by Dilnavaz Variava directly approached Mrs. Indira Gandhi, asking her to prevent a biodiversity tragedy from taking place. Papers and magazines from Kerala too, had begun to editorialise against the dam, offering space to the likes of M. K. Prasad, Dr.Madhav Gadgil, Romulus Whitaker, Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, M.G.K. Menon, and the legendary M. Krishnan.
The empire fought back, but Mrs. Gandhi prevailed. The combination of Dr.Sálim Ali, national and international public opinion and, the intelligentsia of Kerala was just too much for Kerala's politicians, who nevertheless swore then that they would "drown the adjacent valleys." This is what motivated yet another hydroelectric project, which threatened to obliterate the forests of Pooyamkutty.
I woke each morning to the fluty whistle of a Malabar Whistling Thrush outside my window, long before the sun rose. In the absence of electricity, it was possible to experience that magical transition when creatures of the night give way to those that take over day. As I trekked the leafy trails of Silent Valley over the next few days, drowning valleys were the farthest thing on my mind and, instead, I celebrated what had been saved. Wading through crystal rivers, watching hornbills fly over green canopies, tracking Nilgiri langurs and lion-tailed macaques eating forest fruit and watching ants scour the forest floor for food… it was easy to forget the aggression of the world beyond Silent Valley.
Silent Valley had been saved.
The battle still rages, and no one really knows what tomorrow will bring.
This article was first published in Sanctuary Asia.


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Chapter 5: Virginia (1962-1966)
Life Changing Events which Challenged My Faith
After watching the movie, "Thirteen Days" with Daddy about the Cuban Missile Crisis that occurred in the days surrounding my ninth birthday in 1962, I wondered what my family was doing at the time. When I called Dad to ask him about it, he said he vaguely remembered something but was too busy starting a church to have followed it closely. So much of history takes place while normal people live their lives, which this writing proves.
Some legalistic Christians teach and preach that everything we perceive as unpleasant reflects some type of punishment from God. Others are convinced that the ugliness of life is always a satanic attack but I'm sure no uniquely dreadful sin in my life or evil assault caused five unpleasant events the following year. However, these events made me question life, my faith, and wonder about the future in a unique way. The pragmatic view of life I developed can, in a large part, be attributed to my reactions to those events.
Exactly a month after I turned ten, I sat in my fourth-grade classroom on November 22, 1963, when the man who became one of my favorite theologians, the intellectual Christian writer, C. S. Lewis died. However, this was a non-event to most of America because another loss that day preoccupied our nation.
My fourth-grade teacher, Miss Mock, visibly upset, paused before dismissing us to recess after public school Bible class, that Friday. She asked us to pray because someone in Dallas shot President Kennedy. After the prayer, we went outside to play, narcissistically confident as our entire baby boomer generation, that the world revolved around us and nothing "bad" would happen to us, especially when we prayed. Our President was ours, therefore, he was good, so he couldn't die.
Our idealistic little world, reinforced by black and white television stories that successfully resolved everything in thirty minutes with actors wearing dress shoes and Sunday clothes, didn't prepare us for the reality we faced that afternoon.
Miss Mock's words shattered our egocentric illusions when we returned to a silent classroom where she sat at her desk not hiding her tears over the President's death. We probably stayed until the end of the school day but I cannot imagine that we accomplished much.
"But we prayed…" I thought. "Why did God allow him to die?"
We lived through the next few bizarre days while Mom and Dad almost constantly listened to the radio events surrounding a Presidential death. This in itself was odd since Mom didn't like a lot of noise and the radio was off more than on during daylight hours when radio stations in Virginia and most of the US at the time only broadcast AM frequency and from dawn to dusk.
I'm fairly certain Dad did not vote for President Kennedy in the 1960 election, concerned about his politics. If Dad felt Kennedy's assassination was God's punishment, he didn't say that. (Seems like others did, however!) Based on actions of JFK's successor, LBJ; our nation, and specifically thousands of young men damaged in one way or another in Vietnam, suffered greatly from the loss of President Kennedy. (LBJ escalated conflicts in Southeast Asia that killed many drafted, not volunteer, young men. However, the Lord knew that when He allowed the assassination and LBJ's presidency but that's not what I would have done!)
We did not join the mob of people thirty miles away in DC for the Presidential funeral on the chilly November day. In the early 1960's, a person could still drive into Washington, DC and easily find a parking place on the streets. It was a hassle but it could happen and did each time we went there for our regular family field trips.
The bitterly cold weather caused the only miscue in the ceremony when the official Army bugler at Arlington Cemetery muffed a note of "Taps" that he played flawlessly hundreds of previous times.
The second tough thing that happened that year was that a 27-year-old man in the church died of cancer not long after Christmas. My desk in fourth grade overlooked the Hillsboro graveyard and on that day I grew bored waiting for others to finish and Miss Mock to collect our papers after one assignment. We weren't allowed to take anything out of our desks if we finished early. We had to just sit there, so I looked out the window and saw Dad conducting this man's graveside service. I wrote on the outside of my folded paper. My writing must have been pretty morbid for a ten-year-old, judging from my teacher's negative reaction. I wrote about children losing their father, wondering what I would feel if I were in their places and what their lives would be like without a daddy.
The third event involved a new meteorological term adopted by the scientific community the previous year, "tsunami." A tsunami is a series of ocean waves generated by any rapid-scale disturbance of seawater. Earthquakes can cause tsunamis which are measured by a Richter scale. The math of the Richter scale amazed me, too, as we learned about it. The Richter scale grows by powers of 10. An increase of one point means the strength of a quake is 10 times greater than the level before it. It works like this: An earthquake registering 2.0 on the Richter scale is 10 times stronger than a quake registering 1.0. A quake registering 3.0 is 10 X 10 or 100 times stronger than a quake registering 1.0. A 4.0 is 10X10X10 or 1,000 times greater than 1.0. So, a 9 point quake was 10 X 10 X 10 X 10 X 10 X 10 X 10 X 10 or 100,000,000 (one hundred million) times stronger than a 1.0 quake!
I'm sure it was coincidental that God allowed Good Friday 1964 to teach us the meaning of tsunamis. An Alaskan earthquake, measuring 9.2 on the Richter scale, caused a tsunami and more interest in Miss Mock's science lessons.
We experienced it vicariously. Our next Weekly Reader newspaper showed a picture of a ten-year-old boy looking at the devastating crevices that had been his home, crying for lost loved ones and fortunes. Pictures in a National Geographic Magazine of the fissures terrified me.
Mom and Dad assured me we'd never live where earthquakes occur but the earthquake wasn't my primary concern. The uncertainty of life was and no one could keep a promise that it wouldn't happen to me.
The fourth thing that happened that year is that the Gray's new baby girl suffered crib death. Meg told me years later she, as a three-year-old, still remembered hearing her mom's screams upon finding the baby not breathing.
Meg and we children were not allowed to attend the funeral with Tommy, Sandy, their parents and ours. By tacit agreement none of them discussed it. Well, except for one time when Tommy, no doubt trying to impress Anne, said something about the baby being buried in a shoebox and turning into a skeleton.
The horror of their refusal to discuss a child's death made me think they didn't want to think of the baby. I wondered if I'd be remembered if I died.
The fifth event, in the fall just before I turned eleven, involved Raymie, our 16-year-old cousin's death in a traffic accident riding home from football practice. He sat in the middle of the front seat when the teenaged driver lost control and hit a tree. Everyone else walked away uninjured but he died instantly.
Dad officiated at the funeral at Arlington National Cemetery and he and Mom, again, chose that we would not go even though Sandi, Raymie's sister, is my age and included in the group of six girl cousins at family gatherings.
At the time, I wished I knew how to talk to Sandi about her loss. I wondered if her brother could die, could mine? It would be years and many tears before I could let people talk about their losses without allowing my discomfort to limit showing concern. Death is not God's plan and I believe the pain surrounding survivors and bereavement is part of the fall's curse.
Since then, I can rationally say there's no correlation between hitting a "zero" year and tragedy but to a sensitive pre-teen girl all these events linked in my mind. My choice was to react to these events in a very unhealthy, neurotic way by assuming that I was responsible.
Fortunately, Dad constantly impressed what I knew and believed in THE ONLY certainty that exists – The Lord Jesus Christ and His DAD runs everything. So, I gained one positive thing from watching events which didn't directly involve me but shaped me forever, the reality that I cannot be in charge of the world.
The five events which brought up questions about the Lord's omniscience over the world and my life changed my perspective and theology forever because prayer didn't seem to prevent personal tragedies. Once reading Psalm 91, I realized that verses 5 and 6 showed exactly what I experienced in that year:
5 Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night(what's more terrifying to a child that a sibling dying?); nor for the arrow that flieth by day (JFK's assassination); 6 Nor for the pestilence that walketh in darkness(Cancer is such a pestilence on our society); nor for the destruction that wasteth at noonday(like a tsunami).
In subsequent years I encountered these questions again as events occurred which allowed each to hit closer to home and I embraced the peace in Psalm 91 in each situation.
I hope as you encounter tsunamis in your life, you'll be able to find comfort in calling on the Lord who promises at the end of Psalm 91. God doesn't say trouble won't happen, but "I will be with him in trouble; I will deliver him, and honour him. With long life will I satisfy him, and shew him my salvation."
Chapter 1 - March 28, 1929 Clayton, New Mexico I was so distracted with whether I could, I neglected to examine if I should. To make it worse, laughter of classmates walking to school drifted across t


Fencing is used for two main reasons aesthetics and security. Both are important in their own ways, but depending on environment, security is often the more important reason for installing fencing. This is especially true of commercial environments, where buildings need to be protected from thieves and vandals, and security measures have to be taken both inside and out. The security of your building will very much depend on how you deter potential criminals and ensure they don't get close enough to a property to cause damage. Metal security fencing can help, helping deter people due to its appearance. It will keep a building much more secure than, say, a wooden picket fence and gate. It is built for security in an environment where you need your fencing to be taken seriously.
Metal is a strong, secure material that is going to last well. If you choose metal for your fencing, it shows that you really do mean business. Most often, metal fencing is made of steel, meaning that it won't rust either. Your metal fencing will stand the test of time and will be a good commercial fencing investment.
If you have metal fencing, it shows that you mean business. Commercial and public spaces that have metal fences around them look inhospitable and highly secure. This will make it a less popular option for criminals looking to break into a property. Well protected, highly secure buildings with robust fencing and much less likely to be broken into.
How is metal security fencing used?
You might also use metal security fencing in a domestic environment, but this is less common. Wooden fencing is usually more popular with homeowners due to the aesthetic differences.
What types of metal fencing can you get?
The two main types of security fencing you will come across are mesh fencing and palisade fencing. Palisade fencing is the most heavy duty option, used where security cannot be compromised at all. With 'W' and 'D' profiles to make the fencing more secure, and the anti-climb design of the palisades, this is a good option for areas that need to be properly secured. Mesh fencing is also highly secure and is perfect for areas like school playgrounds. The mesh is more see through and will let light in, so it doesn't feel as intimidating and harsh. Yet it would still be difficult to climb and to break into a building that is surrounded by mesh fencing. With both types, it is also possible to install highly secure metal doors to allow access where needed. Both types of fence will serve you well in terms of security.
Should a Business Install Different Doors and Locks?
What are Electric Shutters and Who Uses Them?


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@implementation ShroudMenuBarPanel

- (void)shroudSetFrame:(NSRect)frameRect display:(BOOL)flag;
{
    [super setFrame:frameRect display:flag];
}

- (void)setFrame:(NSRect)frameRect display:(BOOL)flag;
{
    // Stop menu bar window from moving when dock hiding is toggled.
}

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Saturday Question: How Do You Feel About Co-Sleeping?
From an environmental perspective co-sleeping has clear benefits since it eliminates the need for a crib or bassinet, but it doesn't work for everyone. Have you welcomed baby into your bed or opted to tuck your bambino into a separate sleeping spot? What are the advantages of your sleeping arrangement?


Indie authors and self-publishing companies meet in Hall 6 to discuss new developments and alternatives for self-publishers. Providing one of many widest selection of self-publishing mediums, you possibly can fill any literary niche with Blurb's companies. Traditional guide publishers design – or a minimum of they used to design – a book cowl to make a ebook stand out in a bookstore and evoke no matter sentiment it was imagined to evoke. Xlibris is a e book publishing company created by authors, for authors. If your e-book consists of high quality 4-shade illustrations or photographs you will have a special type of printer, than if you're publishing a standard paperback ebook.
I imagine sales are affected extra by the writer than the self-publishing company. Michelle L. Long , an accountant who advises small businesses, printed "Profitable QuickBooks Consulting," a guide for others who wish to help businesses use a software program package deal made by Intuit by CreateSpace a bit of greater than a year in the past. Agio Publishing – a boutique service in Victoria. Not only new writers, however many common and finest-promoting authors desire a self-publishing company as they get complete freedom to choose their own fashion and method for publishing, and advertising and marketing of their books.
Quignog is where we move beyond publishing to nurturing authors. I've helped authors get better their losses and start from scratch, with one author having lost over $20,000 solely to have a book that wasn't yet prepared for sale. Each writer needs to have entry to the top expertise used by the most important publishing homes. These further providers embody book conversion, which prices $249 , and one hour's price of audiobook production, which prices $779 Authors can also choose from a variety of extra choices when they self-publish a guide, like editing, advertising, and translation, for an extra value.
It's no secret that self-publishing has a nasty rap in certain circles.
High 10 self-publishing companies. When a self-writer says, We'll get your book into every bookstore," you might imagine your novel gracing the cabinets of every Barnes & Noble and Borders in America. A 3rd possibility is BlueInk Evaluation , another payment-based evaluate service focused at indie authors. Which advertising methods will likely be only in selling your e book, nevertheless, will rely on a number of factors, together with your e-book's genre and age market, in addition to your publishing goals.
Ideally, you must be able to meet with an editor, copy editor, and graphic designer in person – and they all should have expertise in guide publishing. Ask existing self-publishers about their expertise with particular companies and go to boards. When all the big self-revealed authors are requested what was their largest mistake, the overwhelming answer shouldn't be getting their book edited. In that case, you will want to take into account a print on demand method; books are printed as bought, with no stock wanted.
All these custom-made self-publishing companies are al a carte. And you may as well worth a digital e book for a lot less than a paperback, which makes it easier to sell (the majority of self-revealed print books price $thirteen.99 and up whereas nearly all of indie e-books promote within the $.ninety nine-$5.99 vary. To select key phrases and classes, have a look at different finest-selling books in your niche and see what key phrases and classes these authors selected.
• You do not have to bill (as with outdated-model self publishing) or surprise about what's owed to you (as when working with some self publishing companies).


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Драгаліна () — комуна в Румунії, у повіті Келераш.
 Драгаліна () — село в Румунії, у повіті Келераш. Адміністративний центр комуни Драгаліна.
 Драгаліна () — село в Румунії, у повіті Ботошані. Входить до складу комуни Крістінешть.
 Драгаліна () — село в Румунії, у повіті Ботошані. Входить до складу комуни Хліпічень.


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NATIONAL DEFENSE
CRIME & PUBLIC ORDER
HUMAN RIGHTS & JUSTICE
SCIENCES & NEW TECHNOLOGIES
NGOs & ASSOCIATIONS
CULTURAL ISSUES - FOUNDATIONS
The library fight in Chile
In an effort to address the high illiteracy rate in Chile, the Fundacion La Fuente created by Veronica Abud establishes school libraries, improves public libraries, equips mobile school and community libraries, and develops museums and cultural centers in both urban and rural areas. Its staff members include all kinds of teachers, literature experts, actors, musicians, commercial engineers, sociologists, librarians and management experts. Fundacion La Fuente developed the first public libraries in shopping centers throughout Chile. Known as Biblioteca Viva (Living Library), it is more than just a place that lends books. These libraries include theatre, painting, movies and many other cultural activities. Creando los Lectores del Manana (Creating Tomorrow's Readers), another important program of the foundation, develops school, public and mobile libraries for students and communities.
The focus of the program is to introduce to a community, particularly its children, the pleasures of reading by providing materials that respect their interests and needs. In general, Fundacion La Fuente supports projects for one to two years. Once they are well established, they are handed over to local municipalities or school boards. It finances the education projects through support from companies that are willing to invest in communities related to their business activities. Equipping cultural centers for students and adults is significantly important to the function of any educational program. The creation of libraries in schools or public areas aims at improving the quality of life for many disadvantaged communities.
Web site: http://www.fundacionlafuente.cl/
Hakawati and the Syrian Experience
Bridging the gap with classical music
ARTS - FOUNDATIONS
Who will help the young artists reach their full potential?
The power of Pennsylvania
CULTURAL ISSUES - SOCIAL ISSUES
Talking (about) Syria
FOUNDATIONS - MEDIA - SOCIAL ISSUES
The world in 50 years
How to read where there are no books to read
FOUNDATIONS - YOUTH
Who will support the young night workers and teenage parents?
FOUNDATIONS - GENDER
Starting with the girls
ARTS - CULTURAL ISSUES
Find ideas. Find people. Find money
All About Olbios
Three ways to participate
Show the best of your country
Spread the good news
Make yourself a gift
The Million Hoodies Movement for Justice
The truths of Solomon Hsiang
We will go on living, no matter what
Give the Oscar to Oppenheimer
The boy who wanted to clean the oceans
The many children of Matt Berg
Life of the "Mother Teresa of Asia"
Never too early to start
A coach just for yourself?
The poor sex
The new Greek children and their mothers
Love-able people and outsiders
A coalition on violence against animals
The top environmental problems few people know
A dire need for Peacebuilding
Bottom-Up Development in Armenia
We are faced with a climate emergency. Can art help?
Protecting human rights in South Asia
No responsibility is taken for any information which may appear on any linked websites. Olbios does not accept any liability to any person for the information or advice which is provided on this website or incorporated into it by reference
There are an estimated 10 million non-governmental organizations (NGOs) worldwide. Source: The Global Journal
In a typical month, a massive 1.9 billion people will help a stranger; 1.3 billion people donate money and whilst 800 million people will volunteer. Source : CAF World Giving Index
If NGOs were a country, they would have the 5th largest economy in the world. In only 36 countries covered by the study, 20 years ago, volunteers comprised 44 % of the work force of civil society organizations representing the equivalent of 20.8 million full-time workers. Source: John Hopkins University, Center for Civil Society Studies
Nearly one in three (31.5%) people worldwide donated to charity in 2015 and one in four (24%) volunteered. Source: CAF World Giving Index 2015
There are more than 1.4 million NGOs in the United States that employ 11.4 million Americans. Source: Urban Institute/Bureau of Labor Statistics
84% of Canadians donate to non-governmental organizations with an average individual donation of $446 per year. In total, that is $10.6 billion donated to NGOs by Canadians every year. Source: Imagine Canada
Some of the world's most generous countries are among the most deprived. The G-20, which represents the world's largest economies, accounts for only 5 of the top 20 countries in the CAF World Giving Index.
For the first time since 2008, men are now more likely to give money than women. People from Iraq were most likely to have helped a stranger, replacing the United States which came top last year. There has been a recovery in young people's generosity, helping to reduce the generation gap which sees much more giving among older people. Source : The 2015 CAF World Giving Index
With over 3.3 million non-governmental organisations, India has approximately one NGO for every 400 people. Source: Infochange
The world in english Among the ten ten most generous countries in the world are : Ireland, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and United States. Source: CAF World Giving Index 2015
Giving money to someone else actually makes you feel better than spending it on yourself, according to research from the Harvard Business School. Participants in the study actually predicted the opposite, but the results were overwhelming. Source : Michael Norton, Harvard Business School
There are more than 129,000 public-benefit foundations in Europe. Combined these non-governmental organisations (NGOs) give more than 53 billion euros annually. Source: Donors and Foundations Networks in Europe
Australia is one of the most generous countries in the world. On average, more than two thirds of Australian's help strangers or donate money while one third volunteer. Ireland is the second most generous country in this aspect, followed by Canada. Source : Unscripted
The top 20 countries for charitable giving vary economically, geographically and politically; there's at least one country from each continent. The list includes both Qatar, a country with the second highest GDP per capita and also Liberia, which has the second lowest GDP per capita. The USA, a nation of 300 million people, also makes an appearance in the top 20 - as does Trinidad and Tobago, a nation of just over one million. Source : CAF World Giving Index
The NGO sector In England and Wales is made up of 165,000 registered charities, 948,000 employees, 943,000 trustees, and 3,200,000 volunteers. Source: Charity Commission
The past decade has seen a massive jump in generosity, according to recent research. Between 2001 and 2011, giving around the world grew a whopping 240%. Source : Giving USA 2012 Report
40% of the French population volunteers with a local association or NGO and 22% regularly donate money. Source: France Bénévolat
The Third Sector in Germany consists of more 600,000 non-governmental organizations. 40% of the NGOs were founded after the year 2000. Source: ZiviZ
As of 2015, there were 136,453 registered non-governmental organizations in South Africa and on average, 68 new NGOs are registered every day. Source: Republic of South Africa
The NGO sector in Kenya alone represents more than 290.000 full-time employees and volunteers of which 80% are under the age of 24. Source: Devex
The GWP found that 16 per cent of adults worldwide volunteered their time to an organization. People in North America, Australia and New Zealand were the most likely to volunteer, followed by those in South-East Asia (specifically Cambodia, Indonesia and the Philippines) and Africa. Source : The Gallup World Poll
There are more than 600,000 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Australia whose employees make up 8% of Australian workforce. Source: Australian Charities and Not-for-profits Commission
Three stunning facts The number of people worldwide donating money to NGOs increased from 1.2 billion in 2011 to 1.4 billion in 2014. By 2030, the number is expected to grow to 2.5 billion. With over 3.3 million NGOs, India has approximately one NGO for every 400 people.
Globally,1.4 billion people donated to NGOs in 2014. By 2030, this is expected to be 2.5 billion! Source: Charities Aid Foundation
The Sharing Economy is growing faster than Facebook, Google and Yahoo combined. It has been valued at $15 billion 2 in its first 7 years compared to the combined growth of Facebook, Google and Yahoo of $11 billion. Source : Report by Benita Matofska
Fascinating Statistics The 2007 Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating, conducted by Statistics Canada, recorded a total of 2.1 billion volunteer hours with both an increase in the number of volunteers (5.7%) and volunteer hours (4.2%) from 2004. In 2004, in the United States, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor indicated that 62.8 million people had volunteered for an organization at least once in the previous 12 months.
The Bureau of Statistics of Australia found that, in 2007, 5.2 million people volunteered for a sum of 713 million hours of work, the equivalent to 14.6 billion Australian dollars of paid work time. The study showed that 34 per cent of the adult population volunteered (36 per cent of women and 32 per cent of men)
The estimated value of volunteer is $23.07 per hour. Thus, the value of the 7.7 billion hours of volunteer work performed by 62.6 million Americans, or 25.4 percent of the adult population, in 2013 was $173 billion. The NGO workforce is actually the third largest among U.S. industries. Source: Independent Sector
Total giving in the United States to non-governmental organizations was $358.38 billion in 2014 (about 2% of GDP) – an increase of 7.1% from 2013. Source: Giving USA Foundation
9 out 10 people in the Gulf states donate to NGOs regularly with 63% of the donations being made during the religious holidays of Ramadan and Eid. Source: Philanthropy Age
53% of Asia Pacific citizens donate to NGOs with those in Thailand (71%), Vietnam (70%), and Hong Kong (65%) giving most often. Children's health and education is the most popular cause. Source: MasterCard Engagement Bureau
The NGO sector in Sweden is made up of 232,000 non-governmental organizations and 58% of its employees are female. Source: Statistiska centralbyråns
80% of global citizens agree that nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) make it easy to be involved in positive social change. Source: Walden University


There are numerous opportunities for people to become involved at Christ Lutheran Church and we hope you can find a way to become more involved. The various ministry, outreach and small group opportunities will offer you ways to grow spiritually, help others, gain friendships and so much more.
The Outreach Ministries of Christ Lutheran actively transform lives by reaching out to others in the community, both locally and globally.
Formed as part of the Stewardship of the church to recognize and utilize special giving. Legacy funds honor a special person or event; the Endowment fund was established to enhance the mission of Christ Lutheran.
The nursery gives parents an opportunity to spend time in worship and church events while their young children are cared for in a loving and secure environment.
Meet the members of the elected leadership team.
There are five standing musical ensembles; additional groups form for special events. There are music opportunities for people of all ages, experience and abilities - so find the group you want to join.
An international, nondenominational Christian group designed to encourage mothers of young children.
A small group designed to support and nourish the spiritual well-being of persons within the church during times of illness or illness or special need.
At Christ Lutheran Church we value people of all ages and have opportunities for everyone to be involved. Youth are encouraged to become involved beginning with preschoolers. Family events are great ways to become involved and get to know other great families.


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Sid Sackson Signature Series - Sleuth...
Sid Sackson Signature Series - Sleuth, Venture and Monad
Designer Sid Sackson
Publisher Gryphon Games
19679/sid-sackson-signature-series
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A collection of fantastic card games by legendary game designer Sid Sackson.
In Sleuth, a classic deduction game from master designer Sid Sackson originally released as part of the 3M Gamette Series, players are searching for a hidden gem, one of 36 gem cards hidden before the start of the game. The remainder of this gem deck – with each card showing 1-3 diamonds, pearls or opals in one of four colors – is distributed evenly among the players, with any remaining cards laid face up. Thus, you and everyone else starts with some information about what's not missing.
A second deck contains 54 search cards, each showing one or two elements, such as diamonds, pairs, blue opals, red pearls, or an element of your choice. Each player receives four face-up search cards; on a turn, you choose one of those cards and ask an opponent how many gem cards they have of the type shown. If you ask for, say, pairs, the player must tell you how many pairs they hold but not which specific pairs; if you ask for something more specific, say, red diamonds, the player reveals to everyone how many such cards she holds while you get to look at them in secret.
Players track information on a score pad. You can guess the hidden gem at any time, or on your turn you can ask any one question regardless of which search cards you have, then immediately make a guess by marking your sheet and checking the hidden gem card. If you're wrong, you keep playing but can only answer questions; if you're correct, you win.
The simplicity of the rules and the cards belies the complexity of the game. In some cases you see cards, while in others you hear only the number of cards that an opponent holds, making it tough to deduce. Any notation system you devise must be both flexible and reliable, recording negative information as well as positive in order to tick off the possibilities one by one...
Card game in which players purchase companies using sets that have various monetary denominations (the resource cards). Turning in a set with matching symbols is worth more than the face value of the cards, so set collecting becomes a key strategy. Purchased companies (the corporation cards) are placed in front of the player according to a matching letter system. The top company of each stack is vulnerable to proxy take-overs by other players, so they usually attempt to order their holdings such that the most valuable ones are covered by less valuable companies. Scoring occurs whenever a player draws a profit card from the deck. The game ends when the corporation deck is exhausted.
Originally published by 3M (3M Gamette Series), re-published by Avalon Hill in its "gamette line" (gamette no. 205) when they took over 3M's line. Schmidt published the German edition DIE BOSSE in 1991.
Monad
The object of the game is to collect round cards known as "Monads," which look like yin-yang symbols. The players do this by Trading, Buying, and Leaping with other cards.
Monad / Die 1. Million uses a deck of cards with six colors (Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, and Purple). Half of these are called "Warm" colors (Red, Orange, and Yellow), and the others are "Cool" colors (Green, Blue, and Purple). The majority of cards has one symbol on them (known as "Commons"), but there is one card of each color with 2-5 colors on them (known as "Bis," "Tris," "Quads," and "Quints"). At the start of the game, each player is assigned one of the six colors as their "identity" and is dealt six Commons and one "Bonus" card (which shows three pairs of colors). The Bis, Tris, Quads, and Quints are placed face up in separate piles in the center of the table.
On their turn, a player attempts to get higher numbered cards into their hand. The easiest way is by "Trading." To trade, a player turns in a pair of cards with the same number of symbols but of opposite colors (one warm and one cool) and takes the top card from the stack with the next highest number of symbols. When they turn in two Quints, they gain a Monad. If the two cards turned in match one of the pairs on their bonus card, they may also draw the top card from each of the lower stacks. They may also use cards of the same color as their Identity as wild cards, which are treated as having any number of symbols.
The player can turn in more than two cards and "Leap" to a higher stack. This allows them to select a card with a higher number of symbols. Finally, they can "Buy" a card. Buying cards uses the numbers located on each card. The player turns in a number of cards which total greater than the number on the card they are after. Monads can be purchased for 80 points.
A player can also draw the top card from the deck but doing so prevents them from taking any other action that turn.
The first player to accumulate a given number of Monads (which varies depending on the number of players in the game) is the winner.
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text:
Q: A stable/neutral/culture insensitive locale in Javascript? I would like to have a stable, well defined sort order in Javascript.
It could be any defined locale, but the point is to have the code say
"just some neutral sort order used here".
Java and C# have their Neutral culture and ROOT locales which have
been used for this purpose.
The Mozilla documentation does not at least immediately seem to
offer such options.

A: My answer is to use "en" with localeCompare
Based on my tests below, en produces the most consistent results.
Here is an example of using that with localeCompare:
"å".localeCompare("ä", "en")

By my understanding und (short for undetermined)
(and maybe en-US-u-va-posix) should be better answers to the original question, but the und seems to behave differently in
Firefox (and the behavior of en-US-u-va-posix in NodeJS depends on the presence of the ICU-data).
Perhaps if you are not hitting the Firefox problem, consider
using und or just the parameterless form to convey the
idea that the locale is not important
Some related things I learned while researching this (adding them here just in case somebody else is heading down the same rabbit hole):

*

*This very popular answer about using localeCompare with lots of useful comments.

*From this old post I learned that there are some "special" locales.

*With older browsers there may be no hope. Quoting the Mozilla documentation: "In older implementations, which ignore the locales and options arguments, the locale and sort order used are entirely implementation dependent."

*NodeJS seems to use the Project ICU icu4c library under the hood for locale related functionality.

*The icu-project has this online tool to experiment with collation orders.

*the plain sort() is different from the other options, but seems stable across the platforms I tested.

*The characters  were triggering some kind of bug on older version of NodeJS

*The locale data is not present in my node installation and installing the icu data makes the localeCompare have different behavior.

Here is the test code I ended up using:
const testArray=["Ă","Â","Î","Ș","Ț","A","i","I","S","T","é","e","ä","a","","","Д","д", "å", "z"]
const locales=["POSIX", "en-US-u-va-posix", "und", "en", "da", "ru"]

console.log(`${testArray.sort().join("")} sort()`)

console.log(`${testArray.sort((a,b)=>a.localeCompare(b)).join("")} localeCompare(x)`)

locales.forEach(locale => {
    const f = (a,b) => a.localeCompare(b, locale)
    try{
        console.log(`${testArray.sort(f).join("")} ${locale}`)
    } catch(e) {
        console.log(`${locale}: ${e}`)
    }
})

On my Mac with NodeJS 13.5.0 with full-icu I get this output:
AISTaeizÂÎäåéĂȘȚДд sort()
aAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚzдД localeCompare(x)
aAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚzдД POSIX
AĂÂIÎSȘTȚaåäeéizдД en-US-u-va-posix
aAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚzдД und
aAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚzдД en
AaĂÂeéIiÎSȘTȚzäåДд da
дДaAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚz ru

Node v12.14.0 gets the same result.
Without the NODE_ICU_DATA, v12.14.0 gives:
AISTaeizÂÎäåéĂȘȚДд sort()
aAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚzдД localeCompare(x)
aAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚzдД POSIX
aAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚzдД en-US-u-va-posix
aAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚzдД und
aAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚzдД en
aAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚzдД da
aAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚzдД ru

My Chrome browser gives this result:
AISTaeizÂÎäåéĂȘȚДд sort()
aAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚzдД localeCompare(x)
aAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚzдД POSIX
aAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚzдД en-US-u-va-posix
aAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚzдД und
aAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚzдД en
AaĂÂeéIiÎSȘTȚzäåДд da
дДaAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚz ru

The Safari browser on my mac gives the same except for da:
aAĂÂeéiIÎSȘTȚzäåдД da

Firefox on my mac gives this somewhat different result:
AISTaeizÂÎäåéĂȘȚДд sort()
aAĂÂeéiIÎSȘTȚzåäдД localeCompare(x)
aAĂÂeéiIÎSȘTȚzåäдД POSIX
aAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚzдД en-US-u-va-posix
aAĂÂeéiIÎSȘTȚzåäдД und
aAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚzдД en
AaĂÂeéIiÎSȘTȚzäåДд da
дДaAĂÂåäeéiIÎSȘTȚz ru

There is also the function Intl.getCanonicalLocales. Here are some results I found testing that:
$ node
> Intl.getCanonicalLocales("en-US-POSIX")
[ 'en-US-u-va-posix' ]

*

*On recent Chrome it works as above in NodeJS

*On recent Safari getCanonicalLocales seems to accept almost any string and returns that string

*Recent Firefox is the same as recent Safari

A: As @Bergi pointed out above, in many cases you can just use < on strings and it is well defined and culture insensitive.
Say for using some kind of custom sort something like this would work:
["foo", "bar"].sort((a, b)=> a < b ? -1 : 1)

(in that simple case .sort() would of course be equivalent and simpler.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Faith Figures and Leaders Database
Patrick of Ireland
Faith: Christianity
Lived: trad. 387 - c. 493 (Early Medieval)
Nationality: English (possible Scottish or Welsh)
Known for: Converting Druid Ireland to Christianity
Fun Fact: One legend about St. Patrick is that he banished the snakes from Ireland—snakes being a common symbol of ungodly forces. While a fun story, the fossil record confirms that the island nation of Ireland never had snakes.
Fun Fact: St. Patrick's feast day ends up during the Lenten fasting season, and Lenten restrictions are lifted for the day, so it has become a day of excess, with lots of meat and alcohol. The Church and local governments have tried at times to curtail this, but it never lasts.
Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland, which is a bit ironic as he was not Irish. Born to Roman citizens, probably in England near the Scottish border (though possibly in Wales), his own account is that Patrick was captured by pirates at 16 and sold into slavery in Ireland, where he stayed for six years. Though his father was a deacon and his grandfather a priest, Patrick did not consider himself a Christian, but during his time in captivity—including long hours shepherding alone—Patrick reflected on his life and reached a point of repentance and conversion. He credits God with arranging his escape from captivity. Once back home in England, Patrick began studying the faith, traveling to Roman Europe to continue his studies, eventually to be ordained. Earlier, Patrick had had a vision that the pagan Irish people wanted him to return, and so he headed to Ireland as a missionary.
While not the first Christian missionary to Ireland, as is often believed, Patrick baptized thousands to the faith, eventually becoming bishop and ordaining many priests to spread the Church throughout the land, establishing perhaps 300 churches. So, while perhaps not the first, it is appropriate to credit him with the Christianizing of pagan Ireland. Part of Patrick's early experience of Christianity included French monasticism, and he brought an emphasis on monasticism and some of the theology of French Catholicism to Ireland, along with a willingness to blend local Druid and folk customs with the faith, all of which continue to define Irish Catholicism's distinct flavor.
Most of what we know about Patrick is from a record of his activities attributed to him. Some dispute he wrote it. Some dispute he even existed, but is instead an amalgam of stories of Christianity's arrival in Ireland.
Whatever the case, celebration of St. Patrick's feast day in Ireland dates to the ninth century. That feast day, and Patrick in general, grew dramatically in importance, though, when, in the mid-1800s, immigrants to America embraced it as a way of celebrating and holding onto their Irish heritage and pride; and when, in the early 1900s, those in Ireland used it to assert Irish cultural and political independence.
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Buxus microphylla var. japonica or Japanese Box is a very sturdy evergreen shrub that makes an excellent dense screen or hedge, or can be cut to shape.
It has shiny bright to dark green oval shaped leaves and the density of foliage and compact growth habit make it easy to prune to shape.
It is a very hardy plant and will tolerate frosts, full sun and dry conditions, although it does prefer moist soils for best results.
If you are a budding topiarist and want to turn your plants into living sculptures - then this is the one for you.
Japanese Box is also well known as one of the best the plants for making a maze.
Soil: Almost any soil type but prefers humus rich loam.
Maintenance: A good feed once a year with a balanced, slow release fertiliser will be beneficial.
Pruning is only neccessary if you want it to be neat, in which case you can do it often - otherwise it will grow well to make a good screen.
Other Species: Buxus sempervirens, Buxus balearica and Buxus wallichiana are well known members of this genus.
Comments: Boxwood was used for the fine woodcut blocks in the printing industry. Maybe it was also used to make boxes too !! N.B. The Oxford english dictionary is not clear as to whether this is the origin of the word or not.


Flying is a Pandora's box that makes you either ask yourself why or thank the heavens for an amazingly precise and efficient flight.
It all started the night before. At about 11:58 pm I got an email: Dear passenger, your flight has been cancelled. Just like that.
I barely sleep before early flights, waking up constantly to check the clock and this time, ironically, I was checking to make sure I was not late for a flight that wasn't going to take off at all.
But, after a lousy two hours of sleep, I went to the airport. There was practically nobody at 3:45 am, except airline personnel, which was great. I had their undivided attention and was ahead the future mass of passengers too disgruntled to understand that airlines had no control over the weather.
"Great!" It was, really. It meant I could go back home and rest (which I did), have some breakfast (which I did) and have a proper shower (which I did).
And after all this, I bypassed the gigantic line at the airline counter, buzzed past security, and before I knew it, I was boarding. I had an aisle seat in the emergency exit, with more legroom, and the middle seat was empty. A pilot (flying as a civilian) sat on the window seat, and he was kind enough to explain a lot of geeky technical details, which I found very interesting.
This seemed pretty good for a cancelled flight, until the landing.
Huh, an hour. I checked my tickets: things got interesting. An hour-delay would give me just 40 minutes for the connection. But ironically the storm left Washington and was now headed for Baltimore. The winds picked up, the lightning increased at the distance, and it got closer. Rain smashed against the window and a howling sound surrounded the aircraft.
"Picture the plane facing east-west," he told me. His thick Texan accent dragged the words and made them longer, "do you feel that?" The aircraft trembled and shook.
"Plus the aircraft is pretty light. We burned a lot of fuel." He smiled. "We need to refuel." He then stopped and peeked outside the window and into the corners. His pause concerned me.
"Check it out. That's the truck," All I could see was a blinking light get nearer. Flashes lit up the stormy Baltimore skyline. For instants, it seemed like daytime.
Still the truck plugged itself to the wing. The engines lowered to an idle and the A/C was shut down, only to let the caloric capacity of one hundred and fifty mediocrely showered humans generate a thick, warm air that crept into our noses. For about twenty minutes the truck remained stuck like a parasite to a massive whale, and then it disappeared back into the thunderstorm.
We didn't move. The crew walked up and down the aisle, offering food and drink, for a cost. They smiled and kept us calm. It's really a tough job. And to my amazement, no one complained. Even the babies wouldn't cry. But still, we didn't move.
Then the pilot turned to me.
"Your plane just took off. Sorry, buddy." Had it really been that long? Well, there was nothing I could do then.
After an hour and fifty, we took off for a short, ten-minute flight. We landed and got herded into funny looking buses. The sardine cans on wheels took ages to reach the other terminal. In the security and immigrations section, the system crashed and it took the officers thirty minutes to restart it. I then hustled to the baggage claim where my bag floated amidst the sea of luggage as three wide-bodies and our plane had been diverted to Dulles.
Next time I'm not taking a gray or black piece of luggage. I'm thinking neon green will do.
With bags on hand, we ran across the empty airport (being one o'clock in the morning) and up the stairs. I kept rushing my coworker and he kept asking me what the hurry was (he's only flown four times). When we reached the counter, and I caught some air, I just said: you'll see.
"We need to get to Munich." I told the airline employee.
"Good. You're going there. Then your connection is with our partner, to Munich." She handed me the tickets. Another one-hour connection.
I don't get French humor. She typed away and spoke in French that she was thirsty and hungry. She typed. Nothing. Then she typed again. What is it they do on those screens?
"I found you a bigger seat. Also, you two are going to have to share a room." She gave us the vouchers. She had done her job. I pulled out some cookies and water and placed them on the counter. She was bound to have a long night.
I turned around and saw my coworker flabbergasted at the sight: one hundred passengers in line.
"That's why you run." I told him. It might seem selfish. And some people say that gentlemen don't run but for increased possibilities at a decent bathroom, I run.
The next morning, after a good night's rest, we awoke to a restaurant full of cranky passengers, except us. We'd taken an approach of humor to the situation. After all, we had rested, eaten plenty and taken a shower. Plus the flight was not early, which meant we could relax and take our time.
I climbed aboard and then it hit me: I had a window seat. I hate window seats. I walked up to row 27 and there sat a burly, three-hundred-pound man.
"There better be a 90-pound Asian in that middle seat, because otherwise we're screwed." He muttered.
It was no Asian but l the old, frail Swedish lady sitting there was not much of a nuance. She did move a lot in her sleep. After six hours, we landed only to know that indeed our flight had already taken off. We'd be delayed another hour. So we had some of the world's most expensive coffee.
"Is there anything else we can miss?" My coworker asked me.
Still, compared to past years, I was truly calm, save a few moments of discomfort. Perhaps the other experiences have told me that there isn't much I can do.
Airports are complex, far too complex. The variables within them, just like in a country, are said to have their own minds and personalities, surpassing the control of the very same individuals who created them. They've grown to be so complex, it's best just to keep them at bay rather than trying to tame them.
So getting angry at a woman behind the counter trying to fix a problem she didn't create to get you into a plane that is bound to be full, whether you are in it or not, for an airline she doesn't run, which by the way is an airline that doesn't care about an individual passenger, will most likely generate more conflict than solutions.
It took me three days, four flights, three delays and one cancellation to get from Costa Rica to Munich. Yet, looking at it from the positive side, I earned more miles than those I had planned.


text:
Q: Can one high-level player permanently block cops from spawning during assaults? I think we can all agree that heists such as Big Bank or Rats would be a lot easier to complete if there were no cops whatsoever on the map.
Is there a way for one high-level player to prevent assault waves from spawning, permanently, so that the other three players can concentrate on cooking meth or drilling the vault?

A: Yes, using a technique called Fade Extension.
1. How to do it.

*

*There should be at least one high-level Techforcer in the group.  This person is going to be the damage tank, so they should have ICTV Basic and Bulletproof Aced.  To accomplish this, they'll need to be at least level 82.

*Around the middle of the first (lowest intensity) assault, the tank should find an area with good cover away from the main mission.  The roof of the Big Bank or the basement of Rats Day 1 are perfect for this.

*As the assault slows down, the tank should kill every nearby enemy but one.

*The tank then sets up a cycle of alternately allowing that one enemy to shoot most of their armor away, and then ducking behind cover to regenerate.

*Meanwhile, the other three players take out all the remaining enemies.

*There will be no indication that you've gotten this right except that the assault indicator will continue to say that there is an assault in progress, even though no new assault waves will spawn.
6(a). If the host has HoxHud, they will be able to see that the assault is in fade. Thanks Compro01!

*You're done!  As long as one player continues to tank damage, the assault will never end and no new assault waves will spawn (but scripted spawns will still happen), leaving the rest of the crew free to cook meth or do whatever they like.
2. Why it works
Assault waves are broken up into segments, the most important of which is called "fade".  Fade is located at the end of an assault.  During this phase, only scripted spawns are allowed - no new assault waves will spawn.
Fade ends either when less than 7 law enforcers are alive or after 355 seconds.  However, there is also a 30 second damage countdown.  Fade does not end ever as long as players have taken enough damage during the last 30 seconds.
Therefore, if one player is tanky enough, they can prolong the assault forever, even though no new cops will spawn.
3. Reference
The Long Guide, by Frankelstner


text:
Cool: Billboards use local art to spur action with the US Census
Shelton Hull
Hull On Earth is a column by journalist and man-about-town, Shelton Hull. It appears irregularly in Void Magazine and on Voidlive.com.
The phrase that pays these days is "civic engagement", a term that's sprung into the popular lexicon during a year defined by widespread activism. People who aren't typically politically active are now, while those who already were, find themselves busier than ever. One such person is Shawana Brooks, who for years has sought to formulate a fusion of art and activism here in Northeast Florida. Brooks has perfected that formula in 2020, and the benefits accrue to all those in her sphere.
Shawana Brooks and Roosevelt Watson III, at their home and outdoor art space 6 Ft. Away Gallery. Brooks's initiatives include Color Jax Blue and a partnership with San Francisco based Art + Action. || Photo: Marc Mangra
The driving force behind the 6 Feet Away Gallery, as well as the Color Jax Blue mural project, Brooks's initiatives drew a lot of press, both locally and nationally. All of which brought her to the attention of Art + Action, an organization based in San Francisco. "They do a lot of different, significant things," she says. "With their help, Jacksonville joins a national campaign to bring in artists from all over the country to do billboards in areas that needed more advocacy and awareness related to the Census this year."
Art+Action's expansion into cities outside of San Francisco was based on real-time Census data (2020 Census self-response rates can be found online) in addition to Hard to Count maps that showed which communities and zip codes were at risk for undercount, according to the group. Art+Action has since launched initiatives in Philadelphia, Miami, Tampa, San Antonio, Brownsville, Austin, Dallas, San Antonio, and Houston.
Jacksonville's participation serves as an expansion of Art + Action's Come To Your Census campaign, which offers information about the impact of the 2020 Census in eye-catching ways–to drive home that message, the Come To Your Census campaign enlists the help of local artists from each community it partners with.
The US Census takes place every ten years. It is ostensibly a straightforward head count of the US population, with an intricate breakdown of the diverse demographics in our country, but it encompasses much more than that. The results of the census will greatly influence things for all of us, from the distribution of federal dollars for social programs to the gerrymandering of congressional districts. It's always very important to how our country will function in the decade ahead, but even more so this year.
Marsha Hatcher's work appears on the Art + Action Come To Your Census billboard off I-295
Studies have shown that each person not counted in the census amounts to an estimated loss of $2,000 for their respective community, amounting to roughly $20,000 over a ten year period (until the next census). An accurate count secures critical funding for hospitals, healthcare, first responders, essential emergency services, affordable housing, food assistance, schools, child care, public transportation, road repair, and more.
Typically, the deadline for completion of the census is October 31, but it's been pushed up this year to September 30. The current pandemic situation also complicates what is already a pretty complicated endeavor.
In August, with support from the Ford Foundation, Art+Action hosted an open call for artists in Florida and Texas for the 'Come To Your Census' outdoor public media campaign—selecting 12 artworks to be displayed on billboards in the two states.
Key artists Come To Your Census initiative in Jax are painter Marsha Hatcher and photographer Toni Smailagic, both of whom are part of the Color Jax Blue project. Their artwork has been used on two billboards. Both are visible from Interstate 295–Hatcher's three quarters of a mile north of Blanding Blvd, Smailagic's a mile and a quarter south of 103rd st.
An image by local photographer Toni Smailagic found its way onto this billboard on I-295, encouraging Jax residents to fill out the 2020 census.
This project fits nicely into the broader aesthetic agenda being advanced by Brooks and her colleagues, one that has gained increasing support within mainstream institutions like Art In Public Places and the Cultural Council of Greater Jacksonville (a fellow partner in the Art + Action Come To Your Census campaign).
The connection between these organizations demonstrates, yet again, the value that art can have as a catalyst for social uplift, in this community and others all around the country. "It just shows, again, that there are more ways to utilize artists for healing," says Brooks, "and to be able to express social commentary that is necessary to create dialogue and help make our neighborhoods better." It doesn't end in November. We have only just begun.
The deadline to fill out the 2020 census is September 30. It's 9 questions and takes 10 minutes. Click here to fulfill your civic duty.
To learn more about Art + Action and the census click here.
Tags: 2020, Art + Action, billboards, Census, jacksonville, Marsha Hatcher, shawana brooks, toni smailagić
A longtime contributor to many Northeast Florida publications such as Folio Weekly, journalist Shelton Hull's "Hull on Earth" column appears irregularly in Void Magazine and on Voidlive.com.
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