[Cardinal] Richelieu saw the turmoil in Central Europe not as a call to arms to defend the Church but as a means to check imperial Hapsburg preeminence. Though France's King had been styled as the Rex Catholicissimus, or the "Most Catholic King," since the fourteenth century, France moved – at first unobtrusively, then openly – to support the Protestant coalition (of Sweden, Prussia, and the North German princes) on the basis of cold national-interest calculation.
This development, early in the Thirty Years War, is worth noting as it is the first time a politician implements the raison d' etat of Machiavelli. At the end of the Thirty Years War it is France that emerges as the powerhouse of Europe. This important lesson of history would not be forgotten. It is safe to say it continues to be the operating principle of statecraft to this day.
The Peace of Westphalia that emerged from these convoluted discussions is probably the most frequently cited diplomatic document in European history, though in fact no single treaty exists to embody its terms. Nor did the delegates ever meet in a single plenary session to adopt it.
… Both of the main multilateral treaties proclaimed their intent as "a Christian, universal, perpetual, true, and sincere peace and friendship" for "the glory of God and the security of Christendom." The operative terms were not substantially different from other documents of the period. Yet the mechanisms through which they were to be reached were unprecedented. The war had shattered pretensions to universality or confessional solidarity. Begun as a struggle against the Catholic Holy Roman Empire it had turned into a free-for-all of shifting and conflicting alliances. Much like the Middle Eastern conflagrations of our own period, sectarian alignments were invoked for solidarity and motivation in battle but were just as often discarded, trumped by clashes of geopolitical interests or simply the ambitions of outsized personalities. Every party had been abandoned at some point during the war by its "natural" allies; none signed the documents under the illusion that it was doing anything but advancing its own interests and prestige.
… The Peace of Westphalia became a turning point in the history of nations because the elements it set in place were as uncomplicated as they were sweeping. The state, not the empire, dynasty, or religious confession, was affirmed as the building block of European order. The concept of state sovereignty was established. The right of each signatory to choose its own domestic structure and religious orientation free from intervention was affirmed, while novel clauses ensured that minority sects could practice their faith in peace and be free from the prospect of forced conversion. Beyond the immediate demands of the moment, the principles of a system of "international relations" were taking shape, motivated by the common desire to avoid a recurrence of total war on the Continent. Diplomatic exchanges, including the stationing of resident representatives in the capitals of fellow states were designed to regulate relations and promote the arts of peace. The parties envisioned future conferences and consultations on the Westphalian model as forums for settling disputes before they led to conflict. International law, developed by traveling scholar-advisors such as Hugo de Groot (Grotius) during the war, was treated as an expandable body of agreed doctrine aimed at the cultivation of harmony, with the Westphalian treaties themselves at its heart.
The genius of this system, and the reason it spread across the world, was that its provisions were procedural, not substantive. If a state would accept these basic requirements, it could be recognized as an international citizen able to maintain its own culture, politics, religion, and internal policies, shielded by the international system from outside intervention. The ideal of imperial or religious unity – the operating premise of Europe's and most other regions' historical orders – had implied that in theory only one center of power could be fully legitimate. The Westphalian concept took multiplicity as its starting point and drew a variety of multiple societies, each accepted as a reality, into a common search for order. By the mid-twentieth century, this international system was in place on every continent; it remains the scaffolding of international order such as it now exists.
The German philosopher Immanuel Kant, probably the greatest philosopher of the Enlightenment period, … developed a concept for a permanent peaceful world order. Pondering the world from the former Prussian capital of Konigsberg, casting his gaze on the period of the Seven Year's War, the American Revolutionary War, and the French Revolution, Kant dared to see in the general upheaval the faint beginnings of a new, more peaceful international order.
Humanity, Kant reasoned, was characterized by a distinctive "unsocial sociability": the "tendency to come together in society, coupled, however, with a continual resistance which constantly threatens to break this society up." The problem of order, particularly international order, was "the most difficult and the last to be solved by the human race." Men formed states to constrain their passions, but like individuals in the state of nature each state sought to preserve its absolute freedom, even at the cost of "a lawless state of savagery." But the "devastations, upheavals and even complete inner exhaustion of their powers" arising from interstate clashes would in time oblige men to contemplate an alternative. Humanity faced either the peace of "the vast graveyard of the human race" or peace by reasoned design.


I have type 2 diabetes. I have discovered that when my blood sugars get between 50-70 that my pain level goes from a constant 6-7 to a 10+. Why? I asked my doctor and she was unable to give me an answer.
I have type 2 diabetes. How many carbs should I eat per day? per meal? what about snacks?
Hi Amy. My name is Aldora & I have a couple of questions: I'm 38 weeks pregnant and I've lived with Type II diabetes since 1995. Are there any complications that I should know about considering that this is my first child? My only other question that I have is in regards to the labor pains; I know that it might seem rare (though I could be wrong in the matter) but should I worry also if I have a fear of dying during childbirth? Thank you very much for reading my inquiry & I appreciate any help.
My morning blood sugars have been running higher. Do you have any suggestions? I have had my diabetes type 2 in control until very recently. I am on several meds but recently my morning readings have been over 200. Before they were around 120. Diet and exercise have been the same. I walk at least once a day and stay on the right foods.
I get sweats after eating but at other times of day I get cold and clammy. My doctor says I am prediabetic, but after a 12 hr fast, I was 115. What do you think? I would like to get an A1c test. Would the doctor test me if I am just asking to be tested?
I would like to know why an in control type 2 (on glimeperide, tramadol, lisinopril, and myotoprolol) would have trouble gaining a little bit of weight, or at least maintaining what I already have? I am 70 yrs old, 5'9", and 138 lbs. I also have dysphagis which causes me to eat slowly to avoid choking. I have the most trouble with thick liquids, mashed potatoes and similar foods. meat, toast, chips, etc are easier.
i just got diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and need to know if me working in a kitchen counts as exercise. I work at a hospital and its a pretty large kitchen so im constantly on the move. I have lost 10 pounds since working in this kitchen. I just found out I have t2 about 2 weeks ago and have cut out all sodas and sugar. no white bread or white rice. I switched to brown rice and whole wheat products like bread and tortillas. in feb I had a a1c of 11.6. I need any help available thanks!


HSN Community / Forums / Talk Among Yourselves / Code for 4/29…not working… anyone else??
Code for 4/29…not working… anyone else??
I was trying to do "code" before 11:59 PM ET. It is now very close.
I got the code… thanks to one of you.
Please check back later for more opportunities to win.
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM? I am going to miss my points!
DrDinTN, I checked and the code is working. Try clearing your browser's cache & cookies, then close your browser and open with a new URL.


text:
package name.wramner.jmstools.producer;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.XAConnectionFactory;

import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQXAConnectionFactory;
import org.kohsuke.args4j.Option;

import name.wramner.jmstools.messages.AmqObjectMessageAdapter;
import name.wramner.jmstools.messages.ObjectMessageAdapter;
import name.wramner.jmstools.producer.AmqJmsProducer.AmqProducerConfiguration;

/**
 * Command line JMS ActiveMQ message producer intended for benchmarks and other tests.
 *
 * @author Erik Wramner
 */
public class AmqJmsProducer extends JmsProducer<AmqProducerConfiguration> {

    /**
     * Program entry point.
     *
     * @param args Command line.
     * @see AmqProducerConfiguration
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new AmqJmsProducer().run(args);
    }

    /**
     * Create configuration specific to the AMQ client.
     *
     * @return configuration instance.
     * @see name.wramner.jmstools.producer.JmsProducer#createConfiguration()
     */
    @Override
    protected AmqProducerConfiguration createConfiguration() {
        return new AmqProducerConfiguration();
    }

    /**
     * ActiveMQ producer configuration. It extends the basic JMS producer configuration with ActiveMQ-specific settings
     * such as broker URL, user and password needed in order to connect to the ActiveMQ broker.
     *
     * @author Erik Wramner
     */
    public static class AmqProducerConfiguration extends JmsProducerConfiguration {
        @Option(name = "-url", aliases = { "--jms-broker-url" }, usage = "ActiveMQ broker URL", required = true)
        private String _brokerUrl;

        @Option(name = "-user", aliases = { "--jms-user",
                        "--jms-broker-user" }, usage = "ActiveMQ user name if using authentication")
        private String _userName;

        @Option(name = "-pw", aliases = { "--jms-password",
                        "--jms-broker-password" }, usage = "ActiveMQ password if using authentication", depends = {
                                        "-user" })
        private String _password;

        @Override
        public DelayedDeliveryAdapter createDelayedDeliveryAdapter() {
            return new DelayedDeliveryAdapter() {

                @Override
                public void setDelayProperty(Message msg, int seconds) throws JMSException {
                    msg.setLongProperty("AMQ_SCHEDULED_DELAY",
                                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.convert(seconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
                }
            };
        }

        @Override
        public ConnectionFactory createConnectionFactory() throws JMSException {
            if (_userName != null && _password != null) {
                return new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(_userName, _password, _brokerUrl);
            } else {
                return new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(_brokerUrl);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public XAConnectionFactory createXAConnectionFactory() throws JMSException {
            if (_userName != null && _password != null) {
                return new ActiveMQXAConnectionFactory(_userName, _password, _brokerUrl);
            } else {
                return new ActiveMQXAConnectionFactory(_brokerUrl);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public ObjectMessageAdapter getObjectMessageAdapter() {
            return new AmqObjectMessageAdapter();
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


resurfacing treatment with a variety of diamond tips to gently exfoliate the outer layer of dead skin with AHA/BHA foam peel.
Customized to your skin's needs with a skin analysis, cleansing, exfoliation, extractions, masque and spf.
A combination of Detox Gel Deep Pore Treatment and Oxygenating Trio,a Peel Alternative Produts. An active blend of 2% glycolic 2%, lactic and 2% salicylic.
Detoxifies, eliminates impurities and restores the skin to it's natural balance.
Cleansing, exfoliation, extractions and appropriate masque to rehydrate dry and flaky skin.
Raindrop: Application of aromathepy oils along the spine with the techniques of vita flex, rolling and massage. Complementary back srub.( Young Living essential oils).
Brows and Lashes Tinting $20-25.
Great for sensitized and irritated skin.
We offer a full rage of waxing services.
Arms/ Legs/ Back/Neck / Chest and Stomack.
Relieves stress and tension in the muscles.
Complementary back scrub and heating pack.
Treatment starts with microdermabrasion to polish the outer layer of the skin,followed by a self-neutralizing Detox gel pore treatment, a blend of lactic, glycolic and salicylic acids.


Tupelo Honey: "Five" Song Friday--Christmas Edition!
I have lots of favorite Chrismas songs, but here are my five ten favorite....this year. It's really hard to only pick five ten.
6. Sleigh Ride--Harry Connick, Jr.
My brother and SIL are Food Network Stars!


Do you know how much is the current average wages in your city?
Have you ever wonder how much have average wages risen among regions and occupation groups in the Philippines this year?
Employees in Manila, make an average salary of PHP 372,427. Popular jobs in Manila include Customer Service Representative (CSR), Civil Engineer, and Operations Manager which pay between PHP 239,181 and PHP 872,787 per year. The most popular industries in Manila are Information Technology (IT) Services, Business Process Outsourcing, and Banking. The most popular employers in Manila are Accenture, Accenture Technology Solutions, and Convergys Corporation.


text:
Peter Occhiogrosso
Circles of Belief
Once A Catholic
Through the Labyrinth
The Joy of Sects
Sacred Contracts
Healing Cards
The Real Frank Zappa Book
Extraordinary Guidance
The Healing Path of Prayer
Holy Spirit for Healing
The Promise of Love, Sex, and Intimacy
Arthritis Rx
Stop Pain
Tell It to the King
Creating a Personal Spiritual Practice
Building a Personal Spiritual Practice
Archetypal Readings
SACRED JOURNALING
Circles of Belief - The World's Spiritual Traditions and Beyond
In the more than 30 years since I began to write about spirituality and the world's religions, the spiritual landscape has changed in many ways, and the publishing world has evolved as well. For that reason, I'm choosing to publish my most recent work as a Kindle eBook, entitled Circles of Belief: The World's Spiritual Traditions and Beyond. My goal is to reflect the interconnected nature of the planet's wisdom traditions along with the many related fields of spirituality that cannot be categorized as "religion" per se. In my previous books—Once A Catholic (1987), Through the Labyrinth (1991), and The Joy of Sects (1996/2006), I have described the beliefs and practices of the major religions and their offshoots—including Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Judaism, Kabbalah, Christianity, Islam, Sufism—as well as the wide range of beliefs and practices categorized loosely as the New Age.
In Circles of Belief, while incorporating much of the historical background of those traditions brought up to date, I focus more intensively on developments in the spiritual realm that have occurred outside the major traditions within the last hundred years or so. While I describe how New Thought and Theosophy grew into the revolutionary movement of the New Age, for example, I'm writing for the first time about the rise of significant phenomena such as "Spiritual but not Religious," secular nondualism, and the many forms of "evolutionary spirituality" based on meditation practices.
At the same time, I write about a major development occurring along the interface of science and spirituality that can be characterized as a debate over whether human consciousness exists outside the brain—an issue with both scientific and spiritual significance of the first order. In a lengthy final chapter devoted in large part to this ongoing dispute, you will read about the relationship between quantum physics and spiritual beliefs; the study of out-of-body and near-death experiences; after-death communications including the role of mediumship; past life and life between lives regression; rebirth and the accurate recall of previous lives by children under the age of six; and other evidence suggesting that what some call the soul or spirit or buddhanature, and others identify simply as consciousness, continues beyond physical death.
Although the majority of mainstream scientists, atheists, and academics currently deny this possibility, a number of highly respected researchers, scientists, and medical practitioners have been accumulating evidence that life endures after the death of the body—a continuous existence that is substantially different from both the afterlife taught by Western religions and the concept of reincarnation as understood in the Eastern traditions. To my mind, this is the burning question of the day, one whose answer can have significant implications for how humanity responds to its current perilous condition. If we genuinely understand that our core essence will return in future lives—rather than arriving to stay in some mythical heaven or hell, gaining rebirth based on our current social class, or ending in unconscious nothingness—I believe the planet as a whole would take a much more enlightened approach to social and environmental justice. As the visionary Aldous Huxley put it in The Perennial Philosophy: "The politics of those whose goal is beyond time are always pacific; it is the idolaters of past and future, of reactionary memory and Utopian dream, who do the persecuting and make the wars."
You can read an excerpt from Circles of Belief here>>
© 2022 Peter Occhiogrosso Copyright - All Rights Reserved Website by: SP 1|2 Creative

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Its still summer in Marrakech!
AL FASSIA AGUEDAL HOTEL Our boutique hotel is a traditional Riad offering luxury accommodation, and one fully dedicated Moroccan Restaurant Of a sober and elegant architecture, the hotel combines comfort with a charming, calm feel and discrete service. Myra, the onsite Manager and her team will ensure that your stay is an unforgettable one. We look forward to welcoming you as our guests in the AL FASSIA Family.
OUR MOROCCAN RESTAURANTS For almost 30 years, AL FASSIA in Marrakech is the reference for the traditional Moroccan cuisine. You will love our selection of dishes prepared & served mainly by women. Al Fassia is also one of the few "a la carte" restaurants that doesn't tie you to a set menu.
Located near the AGUEDAL Gardens, AL FASSIA AGUEDAL is opened every evening of the week except on Wednesday.
The Restaurant has a capacity of 150 seats.
AL FASSIA offers an "A LA CARTE" Menu.
Located in Marrakech City Center, Al FASSIA Gueliz is open for Lunch and Dinner everyday except Tuesday.
Since 1987, Al Fassia Gueliz in Marrakesh has become the ultimate meeting place for people looking for fine Morrocan Cuisine.
Experience Al Fassia exclusive offers for family trips, honeymoons & special events. Hurry and send us your request and we garantee the best quote!
We are committed to offering our customers the best value and experience possible.
Book directly and we will beat any like for like offer that you may find on a comparison site and you will also be treated to a complimentary bottle of wine.
Book using the button below. Dont forget to tell us where you found the offer in the message box.


DSP is an advertiser platform that enables buyers to manage multiple ad exchange accounts and data exchange accounts through a single interface. Buying ad placements in real time through DSPs gives advertisers the ability to target their desired audiences as they are actually browsing websites. Typically the DSPs are managed by advertising agencies, agency trading desks, or in-house marketing teams, which specialize in real-time advertising. By providing clarity into impressions and conversions, DSPs help advertisers spend their digital advertising budgets more effectively. In this post, we will discuss Top 12 Best Video Demand Side Platforms of 2018.
Founded in the year 2007, the video advertising enterprise has come a long way, to establish itself as one of the brand advertising giants. Since its foundation, it has done really well for itself to be ultimately acquired by Adobe in the year 2016 for 540 million USD. Located in almost 70 countries, it is headquartered in California. Its initiatives such as non-human traffic program, independence matters, open video viewability, fraud/fake pre-roll and NetBot detection certainly makes it an ideal destination for brand advertising through videos.
Services offer– Cross-channel solutions, Global advertising software availability.
Clients– 500 Start-ups, Intel Capital, Y combinatory etc.
Videology is a specialist in TV and social media advertising. Their global, market-leading technology helps Marketers and Media Companies manage, measure and optimize digital video and TV advertising to drive greater results in today's converged media landscape. It's certainly a favored destination for DSPs.
Clients– New Enterprise Associates, Inc., Valhalla Partners etc.
The current and future customers are a demanding bunch. Savvy marketers often use MediaMath's technology, fuelled by sophisticated algorithms and proprietary data, to power meaningful conversations across the digital touch points that matter. Further advancements by this company have certainly made it a favored destination for demand-side supply platforms.
Leading the Forrester rankings for DSPs since time immemorial, Amobee is one of the few soft wares that provide an insight into the DSP platforms and lets you tap into the Omni-channel media to gain an advantage in the brand advertisement and marketing universe. Savvy marketers often use demand-side platforms such as Amobee to get the insights needed for campaign advantage.
Dataxu helps marketing professionals use data to improve their advertising. Their software empowers you to connect with real people across all channels, including TV, capturing consumers' attention when and where it matters most; thereby making it a predestined place for demand-side platforms.
Programmatic advertising can help you make the most of your digital ad dollars. Whether you're looking to reach the right users or just need access to premium inventory, a partnership with BrightRoll can help. BrightRoll can certainly help you to reach the right audience and boost your ROI.
They serve trading desks, agencies, and brand marketers who seek brand ad effectiveness and video buying efficiencies at scale across every screen. Purposely built for video KPIs, the Buyer Platform optimizes in real time to your performance goals and streamlines execution of any programmatic video advertising deal you want. Their patented auto-optimization takes the guesswork out of buying effective, programmatic cross-screen brand advertising.
Services offer– BRAND SAFETY, TURNKEY PROGRAMMATIC DEAL MANAGEMENT, REAL-TIME VIEWABILITY OPTIMIZATION etc.
Every day, media is becoming more fragmented as old models are reinvented digitally. This new landscape makes it harder for advertisers to reach their audience and requires an unbiased partner with powerful technology to help media buyers coordinate campaigns across digital channels. With The Trade Desk, buyers can value each impression like traders value stocks, using first and third party data to decide which impression to buy and how much to pay. Customers can also use our APIs to build their own proprietary analytic insights or access our bidders to create specialty DSP offerings.
Services offer– Omni Channel targeting, data management platform, Enterprise APIs etc.
Digilant, Inc., a programmatic media company, provides customized and strategic digital advertising solutions to customers in the United States and internationally. The company's platform AdBooster includes a data management platform that connects brands with audiences by activating first party, third party, and its own proprietary data. It offers display, video, mobile, and social solutions.
Services offer– Data science, Proprietary programmatic solutions, media buying etc.
LoopMe is the world's largest mobile video platform, reaching over 2 billion devices worldwide via integration with programmatic ad exchanges and direct publishers. Multiple options for simple integration to access global mobile video and full-screen premium campaigns are also available that generate high CPMs.
Services offers– Artificial intelligence, Data management platform, all mobile video etc.
AcuityAds Holdings Inc., through its subsidiary, AcuityAds Inc., provides digital media solutions. It develops a programmatic marketing platform based on its proprietary machine learning technology that enables advertisers to target and connect with their audiences across online display, video, social, and mobile campaigns. The company's platform also allows advertisers to manage their purchasing of digital advertising in real-time using real-time bidding.
Services offer– Insights, activation, and optimisation etc.
Achieving the best media performance across premium video platforms requires deep video expertise, superior technology, and a platform-agnostic approach. Pixability's holistic solution provides media agencies and brand advertisers the ability to plan, buy, and report across premium video platforms in a single solution — empowering advertisers to maximize their results.
Services offer– Pixability for Agencies, Pixability for Brands etc.


Images from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory reveal previously unobserved features in the remnants of three different supernova explosions. Two of the remnants, G21.5-0.9 and PSR 0540-69, show dramatic new details of the prodigious production of energetic particles by a rapidly rotating, highly magnetized neutron star, as well as the enormous shell structures produced by the explosions. The striking image of the supernova remnant E0102-72 shows puzzling spoke-like structures in its interior.
E0102-72 is a supernova remnant in the Small Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. This galaxy is 190,000 light years from Earth. E0102 -72, which is approximately a thousand years old, is believed to have resulted from the explosion of a massive star. Stretching across forty light years of space, the multi-million degree source resembles a flaming cosmic wheel.
Coordinates (J2000) RA 01h 04m 02.40s | Dec -727deg; 01' 55.30"
The identification of G21.5-0.9 as the remnant of a supernova explosion is based on indirect evidence from radio and X-ray observations. At both radio and X-ray wavelengths, it appears as round patch in the sky. Detailed observations with radio telescopes confirm that the radio waves are produced by high energy electrons spiraling around magnetic field lines (synchrotron radiation). The X-rays are probably produced by the same process, but the electrons involved have energies many thousands times higher than those that produce the radio waves. The favored theory is that the high-energy electrons responsible for both the radio and X-ray emission are produced by a rapidly rotating, highly magnetized neutron star left behind when a massive star exploded some 40,000 years ago.
Coordinates (J2000) RA 18h 33m 33.50s | Dec -10° 34´ 06.70"
PSR 0540-69 is a neutron star, or pulsar, that is rotating very rapidly, making a complete rotation every one-twentieth of a second. It is similar in many ways to the famous Crab Nebula pulsar. Both objects are spinning rapidly, are about 1,000 years old and are surrounded by a large cloud of gas and high-energy particles. The surrounding cloud in both cases is powered by the conversion of rotational energy of the neutron star into high energy particles through the combined action of rapid rotation and a strong magnetic field. PSR 0540-69 is 160,000 light years away in the Large Magellanic Cloud, one the Milky Way's small satellite galaxies.
Coordinates (J2000) RA 05h 40m 11s | Dec -69° 19´ 55"


text:
Lily James is an English actress best known for her roles in 'Downton Abbey,' 'Cinderella,' 'Baby Driver' and 'Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again.'
Lily Chloe Ninette Thomson was born on April 5, 1989 in Esher, Surrey, England, United Kingdom to her parents Ninette Mantle and James 'Jamie' Thompson. She is the middle of three children, she has an older and a younger brother. She attended Tring Park School for the Performing Arts in Hertfordshire, where she studied musical theater, before moving onto the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London to study acting. Just before attending Guildhall School, she lost her thespian grandmother and her father passed during the third term of her first year; both of them were her greatest influences. Lily decided to use her father's name as her stage name, making her Lily James, after learning there was already an actress with the name Lily Thomson. After graduating in 2010, she signed with Tavistock Wood Management in London.
She started her career immediately after school, booking a recurring four-episode role as Ethel Brown on "Just William" in 2010. She, then, played Chloe in Chloe and Will's Hot Date Night, a funny banned UK commercial about heat insulation. Lily also had an eight-episode recurring role on the television series "Secret Diary of a Call Girl" as Poppy in 2011. She played Taylor at the Young Vic Theatre in Tanya Ronder's stage adaptation of the novel Vernon God Little, Nina in the modern adaptation of The Seagull at Southwark Playhouse, and Desdemona in Othello at the Crucible Theatre, Sheffield.
In 2012, she played the role of Ines in the short film Chemistry before the release of Lily's first feature film Wrath of the Titans, the sequel to the 2010 remake Clash of the Titans, where she plays Korrina. She played Older Skunk in the romantic drama Broken opposite Tim Roth and Cillian Murphy and Lisa Temple in the film Fast Girls the same year. Lily played the role of Katrina in Play House and Marijka in Definitely the Bahamas at the Orange Tree Theatre in Richmond, London as part of the theatre's 40th anniversary. Lily would have a recurring role as Lady Rose MacClare on the television series "Downton Abbey", which would continue through 2015. In 2013, she played The Girl in the short film Silent Treatment opposite Bart Edwards.
Lily would play the role of Cinderella in the live-action remake in 2015, opposite Richard Madden, where she would make her singing debut as well. Annie Leibovitz photographed her in Cinderella's blue gown for the December 2014 issue of Vogue, prior to the film's release. Lily would be a part of the Bradley Cooper-headed film Burnt, playing Sara. In 2016, she would play Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and Prejudice and Zombies, a film about five sisters in 19th century England having to cope with the pressures to marry while protecting themselves from a growing population of zombies. She would also play Natasha Rostova in the BBC television mini-series "War & Peace" before playing Betty in the short film The Take of Thomas Burberry. Lily would next play the role of Mieke de Jong in The Exception, starring Jai Courtney and Christopher Plummer. Kenneth Branagh would co-direct the Garrick Theatre's production of Romeo and Juliet, where Lily played Juliet.
In 2017, Lily would play Debora opposite Ansel Elgort in the crime drama film Baby Driver; the film would gross almost $227 million worldwide. She would next be a part of the film Darkest Hour, as Elizabeth Layton, secretary to Prime Minister Winston Churchill. Lily would lend her voice to Sorry to Bother You as Detroit's White British Voice in 2018. She would next play Juliet Ashton in The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society before the release of Little Woods, playing Deb. Later that year, Lily would play the younger version of her real-life distant relative Meryl Streep in Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again as Young Donna Sheridan; the film would gross over $395 million worldwide.
2019 gave her the role of Eve Harrington in All About Eve, a film about Margo Channing taking Eve under her wing, only to have Eve use Margo and connive against her. She would next be a part of a television short called "One Red Nose and a Wedding" where she plays the role of Miranda. Next, Lily played Ellie Appleton in the film Yesterday, about a musician realizing he's the only person who remembers The Beatles after waking up in an alternate timeline where they never existed. She would play Cressida in Rare Beasts, a film written, directed, and starring Billie Piper.
2020 will bring The Dig, a historic drama about an archaeologist embarking on the excavation of Sutton Hoo in 1938, Lily plays Peggy Preston. Rebecca will also be released, also starring Armie Hammer, where she plays Mrs. de Winter. Lily will also be a part of the television mini-series "The Pursuit of Love", based on the novel by Nancy Mitford.
Exclusive biography, do not reproduce.


and feel the power of midnight golf.
We welcome you for a game of golf in Iceland. Check out our packages designed to make your golf experience more memorable.
Play your favorite sport in fresh and exotic conditions. Bright summer nights attract golfers all over the to Iceland. At GKG we know the feeling of playing golf in foreign countries and how we often would like to know more about the golf courses, the native golfers and their country. That's why we came up with the Golf Buddy concept so you can play your favorite game with local golfers at similar level.
The GKG golf course is designed by the famous Jan Sederholm.
the authentic experiene of Icelandic golf.


text:
Best of 2017: 100 recommended books
Arts & Entertainment // Books
Chronicle Staff Report
Dec. 20, 2017 Updated: Dec. 22, 2017 10:26 a.m.
Advice From the Lights, by Stephanie Burt (Graywolf; 120 pages; $16 paperback). Burt's intricate poems travel through a shape-shifting American childhood, a journey of multiple selves and genders that remixes ancient Greek poetry with '80s pop.
All the News I Need, by Joan Frank (University of Massachusetts Press; 197 pages; $19.95 paperback). Frank's slim but deeply perceptive novel — about two saddish sacks who take a whirlwind trip to France — speaks volumes about our need for companionship.
American War, by Omar El Akkad (Knopf; 333 pages; $26.95). What might happen if a divided United States turned its weapons on its own people? That's the unsettling premise of El Akkad's frightening and heartbreaking futuristic novel.
Anything Is Possible, by Elizabeth Strout (Random House; 254 pages; $27). Much like the heavy-hitting "Olive Kitteridge," this is a collection of interconnected stories that turns a compassionate spotlight on regular people in their most vulnerable moments.
Bad Dreams and Other Stories, by Tessa Hadley (Harper; 240 pages; $26.99). Hadley's marvelous story collection scrutinizes difficult, messy relationships, told through the lives of some fascinating women.
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text:
Q: Select uniques, and one of the doubles I have a table with columns A, B and C.
Column A might have duplicates.
I need a query that will get me a resultset with unique values in column A, and I don't care which possible duplicate it takes.
I don't know anything beforehand about the rest of the data.
An example might be:
A    B    C
1    8    8
1    7    7
2    10   10

In this case I'd want to select:
A    B    C
1    x    x
2    10   10

x = It doesn't matter which value it would pick.
Kind regards,
Matthias Vance
Edit
I thought I found my solution with:
SELECT * FROM (
   SELECT * FROM test GROUP BY a
) table_test;

But that wasn't working after all.
This will result in:
[Microsoft][ODBC Excel Driver] Cannot group on fields selected with '*'

A: Wouldn't this simple query work:
SELECT A, MIN(B), MIN(C) FROM test GROUP BY A

It groups by A and just selects the minimum values of B and C in the rows of A. The values of B and C might come from different rows, e.g.
A  B  C
1  2  3
1  4  1

would return
A  B  C
1  2  1

A: The hard part is getting b and c from the same row.  The following query uses a subquery to eliminate rows which do not have the lowest value for either b or c.  It joins the table on itself, and says there can not be rows with a lower value of b or c.  The "not" is implemented by the prev.a is null in the WHERE clause.
The subquery is called semiunique because there can still be duplicate rows with identical b and c. The outer query takes care of those with a GROUP BY.  Since b and c are identical, it doesn't matter which row we choose, so we can pick one using min().
select a, min(b), min(c)
from (
    select cur.a, cur.b, cur.c
    from YourTable cur
    left outer join YourTable prev
        on cur.a = prev.a
        and (cur.b > prev.b
            or (cur.b = prev.b and cur.c > prev.c))
   where prev.a is null
) semiunique
group by semiunique.a

Per your comment, a much simpler version to grab "something" for b and c:
select a, min(b), min(c)
from YourTable
group by a

A: This works in SQL Server 2008, which illustrates the concept. You need a unique column.
declare @temp as table (
id int identity(1,1),
a int,
b int,
c int)

insert into @temp
    select 1 as A, 8 as B, 8 as C
    union
    select 1, 7, 7
    union
    select 2, 10, 10

select a, b, c from @temp
where id in (select MAX(id) from @temp
group by a)

Seeing that you're using Excel, I'd use the same principle. Add another column to the spreadsheet and make sure it is unique. Use that column as your ID-column.

A: Try this:
select A, B, C
from test x
where not exists (select *
                  from test y
                  where y.A = x.A
                        and (y.B < x.B or (y.B = x.B and y.C < x.C))
order by A

But since it contains correlated subquery it might be slow.
(OTOH it is at least theoretically possible for database engine to optimize it into something I show below.)

What about something outside SQL?
What are you going to do with result?
If you are going to process it with some program, why not just get:
select A, B, C from test order by A, B, C

and then do something like:
prev_a = None
for a, b, c in get_query_result():
    if a != prev_a:
        prev_a = a
        yield (a, b, c)

in your application?
I don't know PHP but I guess it would be something like this:
$query = "SELECT a,b,c FROM test ORDER BY a,b,c";
$result = odbc_exec($connect, $query);
$prev_a = NULL;  # I don't know what you would normally use here in PHP
while (odbc_fetch_row($result)) {
  $a = odbc_result($result, 1);
  if (is_null($prev_a) or $a != $prev_a) {
    $b = odbc_result($result, 2);
    $c = odbc_result($result, 3);
    print("A = $a, B = $b, C = $c\n");
    $prev_a = $a;
  }
}

A: Select A
    , Max(b) //Since You don't care about the Value
    , Max(c) //Since You don't care about the Value
From table t
Group By A

A: All rows that have an unique value in A
SELECT * FROM table t1 INNER JOIN
(SELECT A FROM table GROUP BY A HAVING COUNT(A) = 1) as t2
ON t1.A = t2.A

I don't understand what you mean with "One of the rows that has one of the duplicate values in A". Could you explain it a little better?
Using your example, in MySQL just doing
SELECT * FROM table GROUP BY A

will gave you the desired result:
A    B    C
1    8    8
2    10   10

A: -- All rows that are unique in column A
select *
from table
where col_a in (select col_a from table group by col_a having count(*)=1)
-- One row per dupe
select *
from table
where col_a in (select max(col_a) from table group by col_a having count(*)>1)

A: Another option would be to use the ROW_NUMBER()-function. Not sure if it's valid in the ODBC Excel driver though:
select a, b, c from (
select *
, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY A ORDER BY A) as RN
from @temp
) q where rn = 1

A: select *
from table T
where id = (
  select min(id) from table where a = T.a
)

UPD.
But if there is no primary key in your table (why?), then:
select A, min(B), min(C)
from TABLE
group by A

A: I know this is a dirty way, but will work this case.
Pseudo code:
create table #tmpStaging with primary key as col( A )
for each row in the flatFile/excel/whatever
begin
   begin try
       insert into #tmpstaging
   end try
begin catch
       --do nothing
   end catch
end
select * from #tmpstaging will give you rows without dups

A: This will give you the first of every duplicate
SELECT  DISTINCT
    A,
    (SELECT TOP 1 B FROM @Table tB WHERE tb.A = t.A) B,
    (SELECT TOP 1 C FROM @Table tB WHERE tb.A = t.A) C
FROM    @Table t

A: Try this,
SELECT UT.[A],
(SELECT TOP 1 B FROM [YourTable] WHERE [YourTable].A= UT.A) AS B,
(SELECT TOP 1 C FROM [YourTable] WHERE [YourTable].A= UT.A) AS C  FROM [YourTable] AS UT GROUP BY UT.[A]

I didn't tried it yet... who knows :)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


U.S. Atty., Sam G. Nazzaro, Asst. U.S. Atty., Wheeling, WV, for appellee.
precluded by guideline section 1B1.8. We affirm.
Virginia and admitted to making additional deliveries of marijuana to Walton.
1993 to facilitate the marijuana conspiracy and the distribution of marijuana.
conduct would be 20-40 kilograms of marijuana.
the inclusion of the 200 pounds negotiated in August 1993.
(127 kilograms) of marijuana, as recommended in the presentence report.
which were part of the same course of conduct or common scheme or plan.
intent or ability, and this issue is reviewed for plain error. United States v.
but their existence indicates the regularity of D'Ordine's dealings with Walton.
use of the information for sentencing purposes is restricted by Fed.R.Crim.P.
not restrict use of the 200 pounds to calculate D'Ordine's guideline range.


text:
Q: React Failed prop type: value without onChange handler This is my form component:

Form.jsx

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import axios from 'axios';
import { Redirect } from 'react-router-dom';

class Form extends Component {
  constructor (props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {
      formData: {
        restaurant: '',
        username: '',
        email: '',
        password: ''
      }
    };
    this.handleUserFormSubmit = this.handleUserFormSubmit.bind(this);
    this.handleFormChange = this.handleFormChange.bind(this);
  };
  componentDidMount() {
    this.clearForm();
  };
  componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps) {
    if (this.props.formType !== nextProps.formType) {
      this.clearForm();
    };
  };
  clearForm() {
    this.setState({
      formData: {restaurant: '', username: '', email: '', password: ''}
    });
  };
  handleFormChange(event) {
    const obj = this.state.formData;
    obj[event.target.name] = event.target.value;
    this.setState(obj);
  };
  handleUserFormSubmit(event) {
    event.preventDefault();
    const formType = this.props.formType
    const data = {
      restaurant: this.state.formData.restaurant,
      email: this.state.formData.email,
      password: this.state.formData.password
    };
    if (formType === 'register') {
      data.username = this.state.formData.username
    };
    const url = `${process.env.REACT_APP_WEB_SERVICE_URL}/auth/${formType}`;
    axios.post(url, data)
    .then((res) => {
      this.clearForm();
      this.props.loginUser(res.data.auth_token);
    })
    .catch((err) => { console.log(err); });
  };
  render() {
    if (this.props.isAuthenticated) {
      return <Redirect to='/' />;
    };
  return (

      {this.props.formType === 'Login' &&

Log In

      }
      {this.props.formType === 'Register' &&

Register

      }

      <form onSubmit={(event) => this.handleUserFormSubmit(event)}>
       {this.props.formType === 'Register' &&

         <input
          name="restaurant"
          className="input is-medium"
          type="text"
          placeholder="Enter your restaurant name"
          required
          value={this.state.formData.restaurant}
          onChange={this.props.handleFormChange}
        />

        }

            <input
              name="username"
              className="input is-medium"
              type="text"
              placeholder="Enter a username"
              required
              value={this.state.formData.username}
              onChange={this.props.handleFormChange}
            />

          <input
            name="email"
            className="input is-medium"
            type="email"
            placeholder="Enter an email address"
            required
            value={this.state.formData.email}
            onChange={this.props.handleFormChange}
          />

          <input
            name="password"
            className="input is-medium"
            type="password"
            placeholder="Enter a password"
            required
            value={this.state.formData.password}
            onChange={this.props.handleFormChange}
          />

        <input
          type="submit"
          className="button is-primary is-medium is-fullwidth"
          value="Submit"
        />
      </form>

    )
  };
};

export default Form;

and this is my app component:

App.jsx

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Route, Switch } from 'react-router-dom';
import axios from 'axios';

import UsersList from './components/UsersList';
import About from './components/About';
import NavBar from './components/NavBar';
import Form from './components/Form';
import Logout from './components/Logout';
import UserStatus from './components/UserStatus';

class App extends Component {
  constructor() {
    super();
    this.state = {
      users: [],
      title: 'Test.io',
      isAuthenticated: false,
    };
    this.logoutUser = this.logoutUser.bind(this);
    this.loginUser = this.loginUser.bind(this);
  };
  componentWillMount() {
    if (window.localStorage.getItem('authToken')) {
      this.setState({ isAuthenticated: true });
    };
  };
  componentDidMount() {
    this.getUsers();
  };
  getUsers() {
    axios.get(`${process.env.REACT_APP_WEB_SERVICE_URL}/users`)
    .then((res) => { this.setState({ users: res.data.data.users }); })
    .catch((err) => { });
  };
  logoutUser() {
    window.localStorage.clear();
    this.setState({ isAuthenticated: false });
  };
  loginUser(token) {
    window.localStorage.setItem('authToken', token);
    this.setState({ isAuthenticated: true });
    this.getUsers();
  };
  render() {
    return (

        <NavBar
          title={this.state.title}
          isAuthenticated={this.state.isAuthenticated}
        />

                <Switch>
                  <Route exact path='/' render={() => (
                    <UsersList
                      users={this.state.users}
                    />
                  )} />
                  <Route exact path='/about' component={About}/>
                  <Route exact path='/register' render={() => (
                    <Form
                      formType={'Register'}
                      isAuthenticated={this.state.isAuthenticated}
                      loginUser={this.loginUser}
                    />
                  )} />
                  <Route exact path='/login' render={() => (
                    <Form
                      formType={'Login'}
                      isAuthenticated={this.state.isAuthenticated}
                      loginUser={this.loginUser}
                    />
                  )} />
                  <Route exact path='/logout' render={() => (
                    <Logout
                      logoutUser={this.logoutUser}
                      isAuthenticated={this.state.isAuthenticated}
                    />
                  )} />
                  <Route exact path='/status' render={() => (
                    <UserStatus
                      isAuthenticated={this.state.isAuthenticated}
                    />
                  )} />
                </Switch>

    )
  }
};

export default App;

This is the error console is showing:
index.js:1446 Warning: Failed prop type: You provided a `value` prop to a form field without an `onChange` handler. This will render a read-only field. If the field should be mutable use `defaultValue`. Otherwise, set either `onChange` or `readOnly`.
    in input (at Form.jsx:72)
    in div (at Form.jsx:71)
    in form (at Form.jsx:69)
    in div (at Form.jsx:61)
    in Form (at App.jsx:66)
    in Route (at App.jsx:65)
    in Switch (at App.jsx:58)
    in div (at App.jsx:56)
    in div (at App.jsx:55)
    in div (at App.jsx:54)
    in section (at App.jsx:53)
    in div (at App.jsx:48)
    in App (at src/index.js:9)
    in Router (created by BrowserRouter)
    in BrowserRouter (at src/index.js:8)

I don't get it, though, because form change is being handled at <input> in the code above, like so:
onChange={this.props.handleFormChange}

so what am I missing? forms are not even accepting inputs.

A: Its because you are not passing any prop named as handleFormChange from App.jsx to the Form component.
Instead, it's in your own Form component.
So, just try this onChange={this.handleFormChange}

A: You have fundamentally misunderstood the props concept in React components. I will try to explain it with a more simplified version of your app. Lets take the form example.
class Form extends Component {

  handleFormChange(){
    console.log("This is the form change function inside -Form-");
  }

  render(){
    return(

     <input
      name="email"
      type="text"
      value={this.state.email}
      onChange={this.handleFormChange} // Focus point 1 - Calls local function
    />
     <input
      name="username"
      type="text"
      value={this.state.username}
      onChange={this.props.handleFormChange} // Focus point 2 - Calls function passed down via props
    />

    );
  }

}

class App extends Component {

  handleFormChange(){
      console.log("This is the form change function inside -App-");
  }

  render(){
    return <Form handleFormChange={this.handleFormChange} />
  }

}

As you can see the App is going to render the Form component. Look at Focus point 1 and 2. In the first focus point its trying to access the local 'handleFormChange' function. And the 2nd one tries to call whatever the function that is provided by the parent via props.
So what happened is that you are telling the 'Form' component to access the handleFormChange function which should have been provided by the parent as a "prop" i.e this.props.handleFormChange. So when the component is mounted React tries to bind this.props.handleFormChange to the onChange event of the input.
But in your instance, the 'handleFormChange' prop in the  component is not provided. hence this.props.handleFormChange will be undefined resulting in that warning.
So to wire up any handlers that are within the Form component they should not be linked with 'this.props'. Whatever handlers that are accessed via props should be provided by the parent when initializing the component.


text:
Boomerang of Radical Islam and terrorism in Pakistan
If the latest statistics from the SATP (SOUTH ASIATERRORISM PORTAL)an apex think tank on South asian terrorism is to be taken note of the Boomerang is the word used for pakistan for the Terror nurturement it has been doing in the name of supporting freedom struggles.
A total of 2,056 people had lost their lives in terrorist incidents in India up to October 10 this year. Including the Ajmer blast that happened after that date, in which 3 people died, the number would now stand at 2,059. SATP figures put the casualties in Pakistan till October 10 at 2,151.
Islamist extremism has been used by Pakistan, as an instrument of state policy
since the 1980s to further the country's foreign policy goals vis-à-vis
Afghanistan and India, and its quest for 'strategic depth'. The Pakistani state
and the Taliban had co-sponsored a terrorist network that essentially relied on
Madrassas (seminaries) and terrorist training camps located in Pakistan and
(previously) in Afghanistan. There are an estimated over one million students in
at least 10,000 seminaries in Pakistan (some private estimates place their
number between 40,000 and 50,000), with militant Islam as their core syllabus. (SATP South Asia Assessment 2003)
Pak lost more lives to terror in '07 than India
Shankar Raghuraman TIG
21st Oct 2007 Times of India
New Delhi: For years, India has been the worst victim of terror groups, many of them backed by the Pakistani establishment. That has now changed. In 2007, Pakistan has lost more lives to terror than India. Considering it has a population that is barely one-seventh of India's population, that is a stunning indicator of just how badly terror has boomeranged on Pakistan. According to data compiled by the South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), a total of 2,056 people had lost their lives in terrorist incidents in India up to October 10 this year. Including the Ajmer blast that happened after that date, in which 3 people died, the number would now stand at 2,059. SATP figures put the casualties in Pakistan till October 10 at 2,151. Since then there have been a couple of minor incidents and Wednesday's massive suicide attack in Karachi. If the death toll from the Karachi blast stays at 135, that would take Pakistani casualties this year up to 2,295. Interestingly, the pattern of deaths in the two countries is quite similar despite the different nature of the terror attacks. Of India's 2,059 deaths, 811 are civilians and 304 security personnel, while 944 terrorists have been reported killed. In Pakistan, the corresponding numbers would be 886 civilians, 413 security personnel and 996 terrorists. This is based on preliminary estimates of the Karachi toll, which suggest that two terrorists and about 20 cops may have been among the 135 killed. Thus, in both countries, terrorist deaths are slightly more than civilian casualties, while security personnel account for fewer deaths than either of these categories. With a population of roughly 165 million to India's 1.1 billion plus, the impact of terror on Pakistan has clearly been much higher in 2007 than on India.
Bomb blast kills seven in Pakistan
20th Oct 2007 Islamabad: At least seven people, including two women and a child, were killed and five others injured on Saturday when a bomb planted in a passenger van went off near a hotel in a town in Pakistan's troubled Balochistan province.
Categories : boomerang, Islam, madrasa, Madrasah, pakistan, SATP, seminaries, South Asia Assessment 2003, South asia terrorism portal, Terrorism


The Pittsburgh Chapter held their annual December Election Night meeting on Wednesday, December 14 at LeMont Restaurant in Pittsburgh, PA.
The evening included a cocktail hour, networking and dinner that reached over 100 attendees. Following Chapter board and officer elections, Clint Cullison, (Chapter lobbyist) from Greenlee Partners LLC, spoke to the group on the political climate in Pennsylvania and the upcoming challenges that may arise in Harrisburg. ISRI's VP of Safety Terry Cirone also spoke on the importance of establishing sound safety practices on job sites and scrap yards. The evening concluded with the chapter presenting Joseph Curtin, Executive Chairman of TMS International, with the ISRI Pittsburgh Chapter Lifetime Achievement Award.


It's not surprising that African literature is read as emerging: In the long emergency that seems to define Africa in the eyes of the rest of the world—in which "Africa" is a place of starving children, warring clans, and technological backwardness—the idea of African literature can seem positively utopian. It can be a delightful discovery when it seems to emerge. But that discovery says everything about the person making it, and nothing about the literature, which emerged a long time ago. And as long as critics and publishers frame African literature as always on the cusp, it will continue to be an emerging literature whose emergence is infinitely deferred.
If you can name only three African writers and two of them are white South Africans, you have a very odd sense of the literature. But this myopia is also general: English departments do have a very limited sense of what African literature is.
[I]f American becomes a "world" literature, what happens to all the literature that used to occupy that space? Is the globalization of American literature a growing cosmopolitanism or a new kind of Eurocentrism? If American literature becomes a world literature, then is world literature just a new name for the old canon?
For a shift from "English departments" to departments of "Anglophone World Literature" to mean anything, structural change would be required, but I suspect only superficial change is on offer, at best. For anything to change, a ratio of 10 professors of 19th-century British literature to one Africanist would have to seem like a damning and embarrassing (and essentially colonial) hierarchy of value.
The absence of an Africanist at Yale English is something that was part of my (and others') broader critique of Yale's lackluster performance in Africanist scholarship, but Yale is an interesting site for this conversation for another reason.
Not a quarter mile away from the Yale English Department is the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. This library is filled with rare artifacts, a vast majority of them from Europe and America. Working at the library for two years, I saw more German magazines and bibles than I did anything from the Global South. The only thing that ever passed my desk that mentioned Africa was the occasional piece of political ephemera from radical black groups in the U.S. (although it is worth noting that the Beinecke's African American collections are wonderful, though I digress).
The Beinecke Library, a five minute walk for any Yale English professor, is also the recent home of the Windham Campbell Literary Prize, a huge new prize that recently announced its third set of winners. In 2013, the inaugural nine prize winners included two South Africans, Jonny Steinberg and Zoë Wicomb. The following year Aminatta Forna was a recipient. This third round of winners, announced last week, includes Teju Cole, Helon Habila, and Ivan Vladislavić. In addition, 2013 non-fiction winner Jeremy Scahill's work has included extensive reporting in Somalia, and 2015 drama winner Jackie Sibblies Drury's work includes a play about Namibia.
All this to say, a stone's throw away from the Yale English Department, a prestigious literary prize has been awarded to six African writers (five of them fiction writers), out of only twenty-six recipients. While Yale's English Department is still looking for African literature, the library down the street has found it and awarded it six times in three years. That a full quarter of Windham Campbell recipients have been African, that over half a million dollars have been awarded to African writers by the library next door, and still people like Wai Chee Dimock are not sufficiently aware of the existing vibrancy of African literature, is a shame. When the department held its job talks a little over a year ago, several of the faculty in attendance were apparently (according to others I've spoken to) completely unengaged – some did not seem to understand the importance of the applicants' scholarship. This is a sad fact for an English department trying to hire its first Africanist.
This entry was posted in Education, Higher Education and tagged African Literature, English, Literature, Windham Campbell Prize, Yale, Yale Africa Project. Bookmark the permalink.


Is there a path that contains each edge exactly once?
properties: edges is a K-V sets data, K for source node, and V for destination node.
method addNode to add Node object as the K of edges.
method addEdge to add Edge object, which will append the dest property of Edge object to edges with the specific K.
addEdge: rewrite the addEdge method to add another set with reversed source and destination nodes.
Explore the nodes layer by layer, like first we got a node as start node, then check all the children nodes, then children's children, it will keep going until we got the node equal the end node. And that's the path we are looking for, just return it.
before exploring any path with more than n hops"""
Returns a shortest path from start to end in graph"""


By Huma Zia Faran, Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), Pakistan.
The recent upsurge in research on the development of a child's brain underscores the need for greater attention to early childhood care and education, especially in developing countries. Studies (Cunha et al., 2006, and Heckman et al., 2010) reveal how a child's brain develops at a surprisingly rapid rate during the early years thereby laying foundations for lifelong development. Early childhood education helps level the playing field for disadvantaged children as they enter primary school, empowering them to be confident and successful in later education and employment.
Being part of such global education commitments and following Article 25-A of Pakistan's Constitution on the Right to Education, Pakistan included at least one compulsory year of early childhood education in its National Education Policy and developed a National Curriculum for Early Childhood Education (ECE). However, the ECE goals were farfetched. By the end of 2015, ASER Pakistan found that the proportion of children between 3-5 years who were out of school was 61% in rural areas and 42% in urban areas. In rural areas, 51% of early childhood provision is public, compared to 58% in urban areas.
Evidence from ASER 2014 data shows that Pakistan faces a two-fold challenge – access to early childhood schooling and the long lasting effect it has on the learning abilities of a child. This blog explores the impact of socio-economic conditions upon the enrolment of children in pre-school and explains the preparation of children for transition from pre- to post- primary.
The infographic below reveals access to early childhood education across socio-economic lines throughout Pakistan. Results show that only 31% of children from the poorest families are enrolled in early childhood schooling in rural Pakistan whereas 52% of the children from the richest families are attending pre-school. Similarly, while the largest proportion of out of school children belong to the lowest quartile, the smallest proportion belong to the richest quartile. Nonetheless, approximately 50% of children of the richest families are still not enrolled in pre-schools.
Additionally, the enrolment in ECE by type of institute portrays an interesting picture – the highest percentage of enrolment in government school prevails in the poorest quartile whereas the highest enrolment in private school exists in the richest quartile.
Over 60% of children are not enrolled in any pre-primary program in rural areas – with a large proportion being out of school at ages 3 and 4 – the crucial early years of development for millions of young minds. This problem becomes more pronounced when it translates into poor learning levels in primary classes at school.
ASER learning assessments show that only 38% children in class 1 could read letters in Urdu/Sindhi/Pashto and only 16% of class 3 children could read a story based on grade II level curriculum. Similar trends are shown in English and Arithmetic assessments. Only 24% of class 1 students could read small letters in English and only 14% of class 3 children could read sentences. Arithmetic results are the weakest of all assessments. 30% of children enrolled in class 1 could recognize the numbers 10-99 and 11% of children enrolled in class 3 could do division.
The above analysis articulates the urgent need for action to be taken at the national level to promote learning of children from early age for building lifelong learning skills with emphasis on the most marginalized. It also illustrates the challenge of living up to the SDG 4 ambition.


The rotator cuff tears generally rare as a result of an accident, but due to the constant jamming under the roof of the shoulder when lifting the arm (also see section impingement syndrome). Impingement syndrome can thus be caused at the tendon and the associated bursa by constant rubbing of the tendon cap with the shoulder roof, leading not only to swelling, inflammation and calcification, but also to a complete rupture in the final stage.
Of course, a more or less severe injury to the shoulder (a fall or shock) can lead to a rupturing of the strongly pre-damaged tendons cap, and an injured rotator cuff can also tear by itself (chafing).
Mostly the affected patients are at an advanced age.
The rotator cuff can, though less frequently, also be torn in young patients after a given injury.
Pain in the affected shoulder are the given complaints, during the night, or during stress.
The arm is often weak and can be only badly uplifted in the shoulder. "Reaching for the neck" and the so-called "apron tying" are painful and restricted.
In young patients, in some cases the pseudoparalysis occurs (apparent paralysis) - the arm can no longer be lifted. The diagnosis of tendon rupture is done by physical examination, x-ray, magnetic resonance, and if needed by a sonography (ultrasound).
The treatment of rotator cuff tears depends on the type and size of the tendon rupture as well as on the extent of the pain, the age and the desired activities of the patient's.
The treatment does not follow a rigid pattern, but is circumstancially made given a rotator cuff rupture, therefore applied "a la carte".
In case of a surfacial partial rupture of the tendon (usually affects older patients), conservative treatment (infiltration, physical therapy) often leads to to success.
Should they fail, then the arthroscopic decompression (see section impingement syndrome) and smoothing of the tendon are performed. The tearing then does not proceed further, because the tendon has more cap space.
a) In case of young patients with acute injury-caused ruptures of the rotator cuff, a diagnostic arthroscopy and an arthroscopic or open (transosseous) reconstruction (suture of the tendon) is always performed (open and transosseous means an approximately 8 cm incision and that the tendon is thereby attached to the bone).
b) In elderly but active patients with acute injury and pre-damaged tendons, conservative therapy is also dispensed with and the operation is performed after the arthroscopy. For these patients, a acromioplasty is connected with the treatment (see section impingment syndrome).
c) For some active patients with a creeping rupture, intensive conservative therapy is first tried for about six weeks. In case of failure, the operation is carried out as below.
d) In elderly patients with low levels of activity and severe pain, which can not be controlled conservatively, usually there is a larger rupture ("humerus bald").
The humeral head is no longer covered by a tendons cap and the tendon edges are completely frayed.
The sessions are held arthroscopically in case of such pain.
The edges of the tendon tears are smoothed, the joint itself, which mostly has signs of strong osteoarthritis is cleaned and smoothed with a milling machine (debridement). Also the lower surface of the acromion is merely smoothed and not thinned out, as otherwise the high-lying humeral head would rise further due to the missing rotator cuff .
If this minor procedure is not enough, then these patients are treated with a special endoprosthesis (artificial joint) - see corresponding section.
1. After tendon repair: depending on the defect size, complete rest for five to six weeks in a knapsack bandage (the arm is flexed 90 degrees at the elbow and fixed to the body with a strap). Passive physiotherapy starts from the second postoperative day, active physiotherapy starts in the third week. Underwater therapy from the sixth week.
2. After arthroscopic smoothing: the same as in the treatment of impingement syndrome - see above.
1. Office work after the open tendon repair, with the bandage can be started after two to three weeks, heavy physical work can begin after about four months.
2. After arthroscopic smoothing: see impingement syndrome.
Shoulder-friendly sports can be exercised after 3 months, shoulder stressing sports (overhead sports, contact sports) after 4 to 6.
1. The tendon repair provides about 90 per cent satisfactory results regarding pain relief and powerful, free movability.
2. After arthroscopic treatment of partial tears of the shoulder tendons cap, almost all patients gain relief from pain (98 percent) and have a fully mobile shoulder.
3. The method described in d) does not represent a reconstructive, but just a pain-relieving intervention. The pain often lessens, the mobility however improves little or not at all. If the patient can not cope with it, a special prosthesis is implanted.
In about 3 percent of the cases, a wound healing disorder caused by infection can delay the postoperative process, but the end result is usually not adversely affected. In about 1 percent there remains a small gap in the large deltoid muscle, and in about 5 per cent the operated rotator cuff tears again. The complications occur much rarely in arthroscopic procedures.