text:
Q: Cannot query field \"addWorkout\" on type \"Mutation\ I am fairly new to GraphQL, my previous question was regarding some reference error I was getting which I eventually resolved, however, now I am getting this error. It seems that I cannot add a workout as it doesn't recognize that it is a mutation field within the schema.
I keep getting the error of
Cannot query field \"addWorkout\" on type \"Mutation\

Anyway, on app.js, this is my code
const express = require("express")
const app = express();
const userSchema = require("./graph-schema/userQueries")
const workoutSchema = require("./graph-schema/workoutQueries")
const mealSchema = require("./graph-schema/mealQueries")
const mongoose = require("mongoose")
const {mergeSchemas} = require("graphql-tools")

//connect to mongoDB atlase database
mongoose.connect("mongodb+srv://Zubair97:superman2008@cluster0-epauj.mongodb.net/test?retryWrites=true&w=majority")
mongoose.connection.once("open", () => {
    console.log("Connected to database")
})

const combinedSchemas = mergeSchemas({
    schemas: [
        userSchema,
        mealSchema,
        workoutSchema
    ],
})

//this module allows express to communicate with graphql ;
//we use it as a single endpoint
const graphqlHTTP = require("express-graphql")

app.use("/graphql" , graphqlHTTP({
    schema: combinedSchemas,
    graphiql: true

}))

app.listen(4000, () => {
    console.log(`Listening on port 4000`)
})

The workout queries and mutations are defined in a file called workoutQueries.js, which I have exported, you can see that I have addWorkout defined in the resolvers
const graphql = require("graphql")
const {WorkoutType} = require("./schema")
const Workout = require("../models/Workout.js")
const {GraphQLObjectType, GraphQLID, GraphQLString, GraphQLSchema, GraphQLInt, GraphQLList} = graphql;

const WorkoutQuery = new GraphQLObjectType({
    name: "WorkoutQuery",
    fields: () => ({
        workout: {
            type: WorkoutType,
            args: {id: {type: GraphQLID}},
            resolve(parent, args){
                //returns the workout instance from the database
                return Workout.findById(args.id)
            }

        },

        workouts: {
            type: new GraphQLList(WorkoutType),
            resolve(parent, args){
                //returns all workouts from the databse
                return Workout.find({})
            }
        }
    })

})

const WorkoutMutation = new GraphQLObjectType({
    name: "WorkoutMutation",
    addWorkout: {
        type: WorkoutType,
        args: {
            name: {type: GraphQLString},
            reps: {type: GraphQLInt},
            sets: {type: GraphQLInt},
            burnedCalories: {type: GraphQLInt},
            userId: {type: GraphQLID},

        },
        resolve(parent, args){
            let workout = new Workout({
                name: args.name,
                reps: args.reps,
                sets: args.sets,
                burnedCalories: args.burnedCalories,
                userId: args.userId
            })

            return workout.save();
        }
    },

})

module.exports = new GraphQLSchema({
    query: WorkoutQuery,
    mutation: WorkoutMutation
})

Also, this issue is occurring even if I try to add a meal, the queries and mutations are defined at a file called mealQueries.js, which I have exported
const graphql = require("graphql")
const {MealType, NutritionType} = require("./schema")
const Meal = require("../models/Meal.js")
const {GraphQLObjectType, GraphQLID, GraphQLString, GraphQLSchema, GraphQLInt, GraphQLList} = graphql;

const MealQuery = new GraphQLObjectType({
    name: "MealQueries",
    fields: () => ({
        meal: {
            type: MealType,
            args: {id: {type: GraphQLID}},
            resolve(parent, args){
                return Meal.findById(args.id)
            }
        },

        meals: {
            type: new GraphQLList(MealType),
            resolve(parent, args){
                return Meal.find({})
            }
        }

    })

})

const MealMutation = new GraphQLObjectType({
    name: "MealMutation",
    addMeal: {
        type: MealType,
        args: {
            name: {type: GraphQLString},
            servings: {type: GraphQLInt},
            calories: {type: GraphQLInt},
            nutrition: {type: NutritionType},
            userId: {type: GraphQLID}
        },
        resolve(parent, args){

            let meal = new Meal({
                userId: args.userId,
                name: args.name,
                servings: args.servings,
                calories: args.calories,
                nutrition: {
                    carbohydrates: args.nutrition.carbohydrates,
                    fats: args.nutrition.fats,
                    proteins: args.nutrition.proteins
                }
            })

            return meal.save();
        }
    }

})

module.exports = new GraphQLSchema({
    query: MealQuery,
    mutation: MealMutation
})

I have no issue in creating a user and authenticating a user, the queries and mutation for that are defined in userQueries.js
const graphql = require("graphql")
const User = require("../models/User.js")
const bcrypt = require("bcrypt")
const jwt = require("jsonwebtoken")
const {AuthType, UserType} = require("./schema")
const {GraphQLObjectType, GraphQLID, GraphQLString, GraphQLSchema, GraphQLInt, GraphQLList} = graphql;

const UserQuery = new GraphQLObjectType({
    name: "UserQuery",
    fields: () => ({
        user: {
            type: UserType,
            args: {id: {type: GraphQLID}},
            resolve(parent, args){
                //returns the user from the database
                return User.findById(args.id)
            }
        },
        login: {
            type: AuthType,
            args: {email: {type: GraphQLString}, password: {type: GraphQLString}},
            resolve(parent, {email, password}){
                return User.findOne({email: email}).then((user) => {
                    const isEqual = bcrypt.compare(password, user.password)
                    if (!isEqual) {
                        throw new Error('Password is incorrect!');
                    }

                    const token = jwt.sign({
                        userId: user.id,
                        email: user.email},
                        "a_super_secret",
                        {expiresIn: "1h"}
                    )

                    return {token: token, userId: user.id}

                })

            }
        }

    })

})

const UserMutation = new GraphQLObjectType({
    name: "Mutation",
    fields: {
        addUser: {
            type: UserType,
            args: {
                name: {type: GraphQLString},
                email: {type: GraphQLString},
                password: {type: GraphQLString}
            },
            async resolve(parent, args){
                const existingUser =  await User.findOne({email: args.email})
                if (!existingUser){
                    const error = new Error("User already exists");
                }

                const encryptedPassword =  await bcrypt.hash(args.password, 12)

                let user = new User({
                    name: args.name,
                    email: args.email,
                    password: encryptedPassword
                })

                const createdUser =  user.save();
                return createdUser
            }
        }

    }
})

module.exports = new GraphQLSchema({
    query: UserQuery,
    mutation: UserMutation,
})

I have also defined the UserType, AuthType, MealType, NutritionType and WorkoutType in a file called schema.js
const graphql = require("graphql")
const Workout = require("../models/Workout.js")
const User = require("../models/User.js")
const Meal = require("../models/Meal")

const {GraphQLObjectType, GraphQLID, GraphQLString, GraphQLSchema, GraphQLInt, GraphQLList} = graphql;

//describes what attributes and its types, a User has in each query
const UserType = new GraphQLObjectType({
    name: "User",
    fields: () => ({
        id: {type: GraphQLID},
        name: {type: GraphQLString},
        email: {type: GraphQLString},
        password: {type: GraphQLString},
        workouts: {
            type: new GraphQLList(WorkoutType),
            resolve(parent, args){
                //returns all the workouts created by a user
                return Workout.findById({userId: parent.id})
            }
        },
        meals: {
            type: new GraphQLList(MealType),
            resolve(parent, args){
                //returns all the meals created by a user
                return Meal.findById({userId: parent.id})
            }
        }

    })
})

const NutritionType = new GraphQLObjectType({
    name: "Nutrition",
    fields: () => ({
        carbohydrates: {type: GraphQLInt},
        fats: {type: GraphQLInt},
        proteins: {type: GraphQLInt}
    })
})

const WorkoutType = new GraphQLObjectType({
    name: "Workout",
    fields: () => ({
        id: {type: GraphQLID},
        name: {type: GraphQLString},
        reps: {type: GraphQLInt},
        burnedCalories: {type: GraphQLInt},
        sets: {type: GraphQLInt},
        user: {
            type: UserType,
            resolve(parent, args){
                //returns the user from the database that created the workout instance
                return User.findById(parent.userId)

            }
        }

    })
})

const AuthType = new GraphQLObjectType({
    name: "Authentication",
    fields: () => ({
        token: {type: GraphQLString},
        userId: {type: GraphQLString}
    })
})

const MealType = new GraphQLObjectType({
    name: "Meal",
    fields: () => ({
        id: {type: GraphQLID},
        calories: {type: GraphQLInt},
        servings: {type: GraphQLInt},
        nutrition: {type: NutritionType},
        user: {
            type: UserType,
            resolve(parent, args){
                //returns the user from the database that created the meal instance
                return User.findById(parent.userId)
            }
        }

    })
})

module.exports = {
    AuthType,
    WorkoutType,
    UserType,
    MealType,
    NutritionType
}

I suspect the error I am getting is due to mergeSchema object from graphql-tools, maybe it cannot merge the GraphQLSchema types properly? I am not sure. Any help is appreciated!

A: mergeSchemas is intended to be used with schema stitching. It should not be used just to modularize your single schema, which is what you're trying to do here.
You should only create a single GraphQLSchema object, a single GraphQLObjectType for your query root type and a single GraphQLObjectType for your mutation root type. If you want the fields for a specific type, like your Mutation type, to be spread across multiple modules, then you should export just those fields, not an entire type or schema.
module.exports = {
  queries: {
    workout: { ... },
    workouts: { ... },
  },
  mutations: {
    addWorkout: { ... },
  },
}

Whatever file you create your schema in can then import these fields from multiple  modules and combine them into an individual schema.
const query = new GraphQLObjectType({
  name: 'Query',
  fields: () => ({
    ...require('moduleA').queries,
    ...require('moduleB').queries,
    ...require('moduleC').queries,
  }),
})
const mutation = new GraphQLObjectType({ ... })
const schema = new GraphQLSchema({ query, mutation })


I loved writing this essay, "Valley View", about the winter I spent in Yosemite National Park with my father when I was young. Check out that photo! Thanks, Dad, for capturing that one, and for taking me on an adventure.


An important attribute of employee stock options plans frequently goes unnoticed — the time until the options expire. Welcome to the Wealthfront Knowledge Center Your source for data-driven advice on investing and personal finance. See how Wealthfront can help you reach your financial goals.
Stock Options: Spell out any options that may be available for purchase by the executive. Spell out any options or other stock vehicles for which the executive is eligible. Stock Buy-Back ProvisionsDetail how the executive's stock will be repurchased by the company if the executive leaves the employer for any reason other than cause.
User Review - Flag as inappropriate Includes a particularly helpful treatment of "blue sky" laws (i.e., state securities regulation) regarding stock options, which will be useful to those who represent private or over-the-counter public companies.
The price at which options may be "exercised" is usually the price of the company's stock on the date the options are granted. If the company performs well, the stock price will increase over the exercise price, giving the options value and rewarding the executive for his role in the company's success.


The origin of Masonry began hundreds of years ago as a skill based upon a need. It then became a trade which was organized into a guild. It required diligence and a commitment to quality work. Not just any man was taken in as an apprentice. Men were asked to measure up for a job he sought before he was allowed to do it. More important, no man who was unwilling to work to learn how to produce good work was allowed to remain very long with the Craft.
Speculative Masonry also has the same requirements, but because the work expected is that of improvement of the individual it is not as easy to evaluate the quality or the results. But here again, any man who is unwilling to learn to produce good work should also not be allowed to remain in our Fraternity.
For years we have been telling men who ask about the value of Masonry that what you get out of it is what you put into it. I hear this almost everywhere I go. I have never told a Brother that what you put into Masonry is what you will get out of it. This is a lazy non-answer and the result of it has been that men have been allowed to bring anything they enjoy from their daily lives into the craft and call it Masonry. The reasoning behind this appears to be that so long as what we are doing is good and will make the person a better man. Therefore, he believes this is what Masonry is all about. It cannot be just getting out of it what we put in, or we will have ended up nothing more than what we started with.
Undoubtedly, the world we live in needs more acts of loving kindness and concern for our fellow man. Masonry calls us to perform such as part of our obligation to humanity. However, this is no more the sum of Masonry that it is in math. Every human being should be called to display goodness and love toward their fellow man as it should be with every Mason. But what the observant Mason must ask himself is how Masonry distinguished itself from other fraternal organizations. We must ask ourselves why seek membership in our Fraternity as opposed to any group of well intentioned people who do good things for humanity. When they do seek membership and have truly advanced beyond the door of the Lodge it is our obligation to help them understand the teachings which they are receiving. We must start by understanding that Freemasonry, unlike other fraternities, is not for everyone, and should never be offered as such. Masonry is and was always intended to be an organization that an individual must seek to join. The quality of the individual far outweigh the number of men knocking at our doors, quality of character far outweighs quantity of candidates, and less is more. If we select ten exceptional men to whom he can teach the whole of the craft, each of those ten men can in turn teach ten others. By working with fewer but dedicated men, the Fraternity gains substantially. We thereby gain the survival of the Craft. We have some who believe that more men are needed in order to save dying Lodges from extinction.
The man who knocks at our door, in full knowledge of both the risk that he may be rejected, and yet proceeds anyway because the search for light is that important to him. Only such a man is one who should become a Mason. Why? Because such a man will understand that as with all things worth doing or having, the "true knowledge of the art" takes time, and cannot be achieved in a day. It requires a sincere pledge of time and effort. Men who should be Masons will make time for the Craft. They must not change its principles, methods or techniques in order to take all men at all cost, especially those who have told us that they do not have the time for it. Freemasonry does not offer itself to those who are outside the doors of the Lodge, or even to those who may simply be curious about its contents. The real reason for membership in the Craft is that it must be sought. The experiences of an Entered Apprentice's and Fellowcraft's first few months and a new Master Mason's first years will determine how they view Freemasonry for the remainder of their lives. This is why our commitment to mentoring and the sustaining of fellowship is relevant, now more than ever. I believe our Lodges should strive for better Masons rather than more Masons.
Freemasonry is oldest Fraternal Organization in the world. We owe no explanation to anyone for who we are, what we do, why we do it or how we do it, and no one has the right to demand an explanation from us.


Jacob is an award-winning photojournalist, experienced multimedia producer, and passionate humanitarian. He spent fourteen years as a staff photographer and reporter for Cameroon Radio and Television (CRTV) as well as the magazines Libre Afrique, Africa Express, Africa International and Jeune Afrique Economie.
He is a visual and multimedia producer and documentary filmmaker graduated from Brooks Institute in Santa Barbara, California with a Bachelor's Degree in Visual Journalism and a Master of Arts in New Media Journalism from Full Sail University in Orlando, Florida. He served as keynote speaker at both graduations and simultaneously received an "Outstanding Achievement Award" and an "Advance Achievement Award." In addition, he was presented the Association of Private Sector Colleges and Universities (APSCU) "National GREAT Award for Excellence, Achievement and Talent" on Capitol Hill in Washington D.C.
Jacob has established a non-profit organization and a production company called Global Humanitarian Photojournalists, Inc. (GHPJ) in 2007, and Blue World Media Network (Blue World) in 2011. The aim is to document and spread awareness of worldwide success story and human rights abuses, as well as to present the stories of people and organizations making a difference to abused and at-risk populations.


CLEVELAND (AP) Koby Altman's summer job has turned into something permanent.
''Koby Altman has led our front office group through this transition period, impressing many inside the franchise and outside the organization, as well,'' Gilbert said in a statement. ''We are very excited that he will now be officially leading the basketball side of our franchise. Koby has the credentials, knowledge, experience and instincts to be an outstanding general manager. In addition to these positive attributes and outstanding relationships around the league, Koby will inspire and impact the best possible culture throughout the organization.


Activities related to meteorology and climatology are highly dependent on the quality of the observation data collected. To do so, each national meteorological service must operate a stable reference network of meteorological stations, providing weather observations in a timely manner.
ObsMet is a generic observation data collection system which allows an easy and efficient management of a complete weather station network, whether these stations were sourced from one unique AWS supplier of from different AWS suppliers.
- Data collection from network of observation stations (manual, AWS, AWOS).
- Centralization of collected data in central database at headquarters.
- Monitoring and supervision functions for maintenance activities.
These are ObsMet's key functionalities. The system has many more. For further details, contact us.
- Serial or TCP-IP interface with data logger.
- Custom software development for integration of new model of station or data logger.
- Automatic coding of METAR/SYNOP/SPECI messages.
- Forms for assisted METAR/SYNOP/SPECI key entry with fields prefilled from measurements collected from data logger.
- BUFR-encoding of METAR/SYNOP/SPECI messages.
- Automatic SYNOP/CLIMAT messages compilation.
- Consistency checks ensuring the values entered by the weather observer are consistent and within standard user-defined ranges.
- Temporal checks alerting the operator when latest values differ too much with previous measurements.
- Detection of duplicated messages.
- Visualization functions available at both station level (AWS) and HQ level (DCS).
- Real-time visualization of observations on geographical map.
- Charts and diagrams for all measured parameters.
- Visualization of individual station parameters.
- Calculation (means, QNH, QNE...) and export of observation reports to CSV/XLS/TXT formats.
- Visualization of real-time and past data.
- Automatic transmission of SYNOP/METAR using WMO TCP-IP standard protocol.
- Export of OPMET data to XML (AvXML).
- Observation database browsing and search.
- Monitoring of reception status and delays.
- Sensors and data flow monitoring.
The best way to apprehend ObsMet's uniqueness is to visualize it! Contact us for a demo.


dont be afraid to play the traditional skaven defense. Once a guy is knocked down they stay down so they cant get hit again. They can always jump up and try to make a play if a shot opens. As long as you have a one turn scorer it saves your team a lot of damage.
In 2nd edition you added up SPP to figure out cost to team rating. It was a hassle to track for sure but a player got his last skill at 176 SPP which would be 350k to the team rating. As that star player got more SPP they continued to add to the team rating (which I had some issue with but from a roleplay stance it makes sense.). In the current system your last skill costs you a total of 120k onto your team rating. The general argument is that it is the same for all the teams so it is fair. I dont think that is true and here is why.
when the game came out it was about filling out your roster where now most teams only carry a player or two on their bench. Who does this help? the high armor teams for sure. Who does it hurt? Goblins and halfings for sure but in truth I dont care about them much. I think the biggest loser in this scenario is the humans. With the old system and a full roster the human team had the advantage of flexibility of roster. I had four catchers, only one would play on D vs strong teams. I had two catchers who were on the field against passing teams. On offense I used all 4 catchers sometimes and other times I would use one based on match up. realistically the human team cannot afford to have a full roster because each extra player they have is 2-4 skills for the other team to be balanced.
I understand the mini max logic behind keeping the small roster but what NFL team goes into a game 5 players short just cuz? From a sport sense it makes zero sense and I think it is far from what was intended when the game was created.


The Legatum Center for Development and Entrepreneurship at MIT recently opened its 2nd Annual Photo Contest to amateur and professional photographers. The Legatum Center – which we've written about before – was founded on the belief that economic progress and good governance in low-income countries emerge from entrepreneurship and innovations that empower ordinary citizens.
In contrast with images that show only the most devastating aspects of life in low-income countries, Legatum's contest looks for photos that capture stories of entrepreneurial activity and demonstrate innovation and empowerment. The contest helps Legatum present a new vision for development – one that is more dignified, one that is more optimistic, and one that inspires action.
This year's theme is Women's Entrepreneurship: Empowerment through Innovation. The judges will look for photos that depict women in low-income countries engaging in entrepreneurial activities, and showcase transformative technologies and innovative uses of technology.
Through the photo contest, the Center will recognize the inspiring women entrepreneurs who have broken down the barriers, and showcase their positive images of progress.
For details on the contest, including how to enter, the prizes (including $500 to the winner!) and the judges, check out the contest page on Legatum Center's web site.


text:
Q: c++ cast vector to vector class Interface{};

class Foo: public Interface{};

class Bar{
public:
    vector<Interface*> getStuff();
private:
    vector<Foo*> stuff;
};

How do I implement the function getStuff()?

A: std::vector<Inherited*> and std::vector<abstract*> are different, and pretty much unrelated, types. You cannot cast from one to the other. But you can std::copy or use iterator range constructor as @Grozz says.
Edit:
Answering your question in the comments: they are different the same way two classes with members of compatible types are different. Example:
struct Foo {
    char* ptr0;
};

struct Bar {
    char* ptr1;
};

Foo foo;
Bar bar = foo; // boom - compile error

For that last statement to work you'd need to define an explicit assignment operator like:
Bar& Bar::operator=( const Foo& foo ) {
    ptr1 = foo.ptr0;
    return *this;
}

Hope this makes it clear.

A: I am using this. It is not very nice, but fast I think :)
vector<Interface*> getStuff()
{
    return *(std::vector<Interface*> *)&stuff;
}

And you can also return only reference to the vector with this method
vector<Interface*> &getStuff()
{
    return *(std::vector<Interface*> *)&stuff;
}

A: vector<Interface*> result(stuff.begin(), stuff.end());
return result;

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text:
Well Its All Right (End Of The Line)
My writings from the first several years of this blog were often written at Stanford University in the Meyer Library. Don't look for the building on campus. After more than forty years, it's not there anymore. Hugh Hefner recently passed away. And Tom Petty. And the namesake of the Monty Hall problem. All gone. Eventually I will get around to redesigning this site about not just startups, but a mix of popular culture and technology. Like Wired. Nerdist. Laughing Squid. Boing Boing. This blog has already jumped the rails from technology to whatever I feel like writing about. But the theme of any blog doesn't really matter anymore anyway because the vast majority of visitors land on a site, not on the home page, but on whatever specific post shows up in the search engine search results for whatever they searched for. I feel obligated to write something because I haven't in awhile. I'm just kinda rambling, though, so don't mind me. Just go on with whatever you're doing.
Tales From The Tour Bus is a new documentary series on Cinemax by Mike Judge about legendary country music artists. Some of the show's subjects, like Johnny Paycheck and Tammy Wynette, are dead. These people were alive and raising hell. Until they weren't. Its a cool show by the creator of Office Space, Silicon Valley, and Beavis & Butt-Head. And with all the negativity in the news these days, its nice to watch something positive that celebrates life.
Hef founded Playboy. And Playboy was arguably the most important and culturally significant magazine of the second half of the twentieth century. It also reminded several generations of guys what it meant to act like a gentleman. In the long run, history will have little to say about Hugh Hefner's depiction of naked women and much to say about his impact on free speech and civil rights. People did, in fact, often read Playboy for the articles. A good documentary about the subject is Hugh Hefner: Playboy, Activist, Rebel.
Tom Petty's passing is still kinda unbelievable. Some famous people were famous before you were born, are famous your entire life, and its strange when they die. It's like "Damn, if they're gone then any of us can go." By all accounts, Tom Petty was just a cool guy. I grew up listening to his music through the '80s when he and The Heartbreakers had one hit after another. For whatever reason, I also remember Tom Petty would show up on It's Garry Shandling's Show once in awhile as Garry's TV show neighbor. And that's another one gone. Garry Shandling was also funny and died suddenly about a year ago. So ya see, it's like cool people keep disappearing on us?
Let's Make A Deal
Monty Hall also passed away recently. He created the show Let's Make A Deal. Its still on television and I watch it once in awhile. The show involves contestants wearing funny costumes starting with a small deal and trying to trade up, while not getting zonked and losing everything in the process. Let's Make A Deal also spawned the precalculus game theory concept called the Monty Hall Problem. Sometimes on the show there's three curtains for the contestant to choose from. Behind one curtain is a cool prize like a new car. Behind the other two curtains are goats. Sometimes you win. Sometimes you lose. That's life.
March 14, 2019 Scientology Is Alright
June 8, 2014 Nuthin' But A G Thang (Dr. Dre w/ Snoop Dogg) [Click Lyrics for Annotations via Rap Genius]
June 30, 2014 The Internet's Own Boy: The Story of Aaron Swartz
November 23, 2013 Swiftype Is Modern Site Search For Websites That Works In WordPress
February 18, 2013 Hacker Monthly: Hacker News in Print

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text:
Aurora borealis could illuminate New Year's Eve sky across Canada
A recent strong solar storm is expected to give Canadians across the country a special New Year's Eve northern lights show.
Solar storm could spawn swirling show of northern lights
Laura Wright · CBC News · Posted: Dec 30, 2015 3:41 PM ET | Last Updated: January 1, 2016
Photographer and tornado hunter Greg Johnson took this photo in Saskatchewan. The photo was taken at night, and the lights seen are from the full moon and aurora borealis. (Submitted by Greg Johnson)
A recent strong solar storm is expected to give Canadians across the country a special New Year's Eve northern lights show.
The aurora's swirling colours may light up night skies as far south as 50 degrees geomagnetic latitude, says the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This means that cities along the Canada-U.S. border and farther north might get a chance to see the display.
Aurora borealis 'fabulous' this year, say northern sky watchers
PHOTOS | Aurora borealis illuminate the night sky
The agency says people in places as far south as Oregon and Illinois could also see the lights.
The aurora borealis is most commonly seen in high latitudes.
"The effects are strongest around the magnetic poles of the Earth, with the magnetic North Pole being in northern Canada," said Piet Martens, a physicist at Georgia State University.
Because of this, people who live in the territories and northern regions of some provinces are often treated to beautiful aurora displays. But it's rare that the northern lights are on view in Canada's south.
Geomagnetic storms are caused by the sun. Martens said, and this particular storm is being caused by a coronal mass ejection (CME) that happened Dec. 28. A CME is an eruption of a magnetic cloud from the sun that takes off into space and sometimes hits Earth, as it will this time. It takes some time for the effects to be felt on Earth, which is why we won't see anything unusual until Dec. 31.
A significant solar flare erupts in June 2014. A flare that occurred on Dec. 28 is expected to produce a northern lights display. (Goddard Space Flight Center/Associated Press)
CMEs are typically coupled with solar flares, which also happened this time. A solar flare is a "burst of emission of X-rays, extreme ultraviolet rays and sometimes even gamma rays from a location on the sun," said Martens.
And "the larger the flare, the larger and faster the CME," he added.
People who want to increase their chances of seeing the lights should try to get away from light pollution, look north, and hope for clear skies.
And if you miss out tonight and tomorrow, the space weather agency is predicting an even stronger storm on Jan. 2.
Risk of power outage
A possible downside to the display is that massive solar storms can disable satellites and affect radio signals. Solar surges can also knock out power on Earth. But the risk is low.
"Power grid operators have gotten better at anticipating and preventing negative impacts from geomagnetic storms," said Martens.
He added that GPS systems could be thrown off by a "couple of metres," but it's unlikely that cellphones in general will be affected.
Aurora borealis illuminate the night sky


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"The way I teach is intuitive. It means that although there is structure with the key elements (breath, asana, inner space and edges), I do not have teaching plans, and each retreat is a little different in how the sessions unfold. So during the retreat, we build, bit by bit, on the elements, weave them together, into a dance, led by the breath, the body following. Initially, people can experience quite a bit of bliss but, as is the nature of an expansive universe (and consciousness), we all, always, find the next edge. Internally, and externally.
I consider myself a guide, we go on an internal adventure, supported by the structure, but very fluid within that.
I work a lot with the "Edge". Every single body can fold fully into any position. What stops us are our own personal inner edges. These are the tensions, blockages, scars and strains that stop our muscles from relaxing. These edges arise from un-finished emotions, from ancestral scars and blocks. I know this from experience in massage: always, when you release a block, you release an emotion. With breath, you can get at places that are so subtle and are often unreachable for a normal masseur.
But also, these edges define us and present opportunities to allow awareness (consciousness and divinity) to arise. So they are the jewels in our crown. We breathe them into light, we investigate, we caress them, honour them and love them into disappearance. We do all of that through how we use breath, movement and mindfulness. The ancient wisdom traditions (the non-dual Shaivinist tantric scriptures) teach that the true nature of reality is simply a consciousness arising playfully, wanting to become conscious of itself. In order to be able to do that, in essence this divine consciousness hides itself from itself, in order to have the opportunity to discover itself and behold itself as an observer.
We also start from a place of perfection – this is also a tantric teaching. We are good enough as we are. We do not have to be in any way different, we do not have to strive, change or be somewhere else. Let's just accept, for the duration of the retreat, that we are good enough. From that place of stillness, we then explore outward, allow our edges to come into view, honour our selves and our bodies in the process. Bodies are marvellous things. They hold for us all of those things that we don't dare, don't want to or don't have the strength yet to look at, and to feel. They patiently wait for us to be ready to do the work. And the work is to allow to arise within us, what needs to arise. To finish the feelings that we've not completed, and to let them pass through us.
"Food has become a ritual at Yobaba. A ritual of joy and service. It's not just about what is in the food or on the plate, it is also about the plates, the cutlery and the bowls themselves. The candles that we light at the beginning of the day, signalling warm morning drinks prior to the morning practice, for example.
We develop little unconscious rituals wherever we go. The things we eat, how and what kind of food we prepare. The kind of ingredients we buy. To become mindful of those rituals, and to cut out the ones that no longer serve us, is a really good exercise. In the same way, building a conscious ritual around your shopping and / or morning cuppa, leading into your morning practice, then onto breakfast, really helps you to find the joy and comfort in having a self-practice, and then really feeling the benefits: calmness, joyousness, better digestion, lower blood pressure, stronger intuition. The documented benefits of this kind of diet, and a solid mindfulness practice are many.
We have a simple garden which supplies us with tomatoes, courgettes, various green leaves, edible flowers, and herbs. We use water from a nearby spring which is known for its beneficial qualities for the digestion (Alet-les-Bains). We make cold-brewed herbal teas: my favourite is hibiscus, ginger and lime. We ferment gram flour with homemade Kombucha to make the fluffiest pancakes and waffles.
I create all the recipes. New ones often arise during a retreat, usually driven by what is, or is not, available.
© 2019 SPA.Kitchen, All Rights Reserved.


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when you plug in the DC adaptor to the wall, it has a transformer in it that is converting the wobbly goodness of polyphase AC wall current into the smooth non serrated butterknife uselessness of DC. When your butterknife current tries to saw through that meat transformer, nothing happens. You need wobbly goodness by either using AC directly, or by recreating AC from your DC. Engineering types will tell you all sorts of stuff, but basically, you need to turn your flat line (on the oscilloscope) into a series of serrated teeth. First they will get boxy with part 1 of the circuit, then the boxy shapes will get curved with part 2. I think it's kind of like acceleration vs. velocity. When you are traveling in an airplane, you don't notice how fast you are going until you change direction. Transformers are the same way - unless the voltage is constantly changing, it adapts and then ignores whatever voltage it is set to.
Here's another analogy: DC is like gravity, reliable, and always there, but to get a transformer to work, you need to make fake gravity, (fake AC), which is kind of like putting water in a bucket and spinning it around. The water doesn't fall out when the bucket is upside down because the water experiences fake gravity from the bucket. Scientists have fancy words to describe centripetal fake gravity, but even a 3 year old can keep the water from falling out, but it takes that extra step of spinning the water up and down in a circle. Pulse Width Modulation can probably do that. I dunno. I've only been studying electricity since March.
hi.i just studied your your question.i didnt understand.
Try http://lushprojects.com/circuitjs/ to simulate and develop a functional circuit. It should help.
The Fan is DC and the input is AC. The transformer is going to output what the input is so an input of AC will yield AC output. DC input will yield DC output. You need some sort of converter to get dc into the transformer.
A transformer will not operate on DC voltage, unless it is modified, pulsed, etc., however, the transformer is made to transform a clean sinewave, not a square wave, even though the square wave will make the transformer function, it will not function in the correct manner since the wave is not linear. The ac wall wort transformer must have an AC output, not DC... this is the first problem. Second, when you get the transformer to work, you will have to put a bridge rectifier on the output with a smoothing capacitor so the output voltage is a DC current, and, the voltage output spikes are absorbed to keep them around 18 volts and, the additional voltage spikes will be stored into the cap so it is released smoothly and at a lower voltage range spread out evenly to give the fan a smooth and steady DC voltage so the fan operates at the correct voltage without getting smoked from the higher voltage emf pulses.
Sorry the input has to be AC. Change the voltage to DC after the transformer with a converter.
to induce current in secondary coil the primary coil should have A.C. input D.C will work only at the moment when u initially connect the +ve and -ve leads to the primary , it will not work after that (as in DC the current only fluctuates in the beginning when when u touch it to the leads of the primary .).
So a transformer requires AC input and WILL gives out AC output .
if u want to convert the AC output to DC use a bridge rectifier(search bridge rectifier on google ).
I know this is old, but if you use a transistor-transformer setup, you can rapidly turn the dc from nil to max repeatedly, creating a magnetic flux in the process. The voltage does not have to be traditional ac, it just has to vary. You certainly can do this with dc using a transistor, and if the frequency is high enough the fan will spin without you being able to notice that it isn't continuous. This is how joule thiefs work.


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ep149 This podcast is a Shithole!
This week's episode covers in depth the controversial remarks that we shouldn't even know about. Listen in as the guys attempt to break CNN's record for the use of Shithole. Do they succeed? Let us know your count. How do you get people to actually come to your brick and mortar store? Ask H&M. So far we only have two listener submitted Dead Pools, so hurry and get yours in. So crawl into those trash heaps and prepare to be triggered.


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Turkey: 'It's starting to look like a wider power grab, a crackdown on all opposition'
A Turkish soldier suspected of being a part of the coup is arrested in Istanbul
The on-going purge in the aftermath of last week's attempted coup in Turkey is 'starting to look like a power grab' by the country's president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, an expert has claimed.
Last weekend, the Turkish leader survived a potential uprising from a group within the country's military.
More than 50,000 people have since been arrested, sacked, or suspended across the military, judiciary, and education sectors because they have been deemed to be 'disloyal' to Erdoğan.
Patrick Kingsley, foreign correspondent for The Guardian, explained how suspicions are rising that the president is using the coup to his own advantage.
'"The Erdoğan government is saying the plotters are linked to a secretive, dissident Islamist underground movement run by an Islamic cleric called Fethullah Gulen," he told Julia Hartley-Brewer.
"They're saying all these thousands of people are potentially linked to them.
"What doesn't really make sense is in the same breath they're [also] saying the plotters were a small military faction which didn't have widespread support. Yet they're mounting this extraordinarily vast purge.
"What it really is starting to look like is a wider power grab, a crackdown on all forms of opposition.
"It underlines concerns rooted in Turkey that President Erdoğan wants to grab more power for himself and his allies."
Listen to the full interview above
Julia Hartley-Brewer
Patrick Kingsley
Turkey Coup


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The Ministry of Health considers that on May 1 in Ukraine, 15,000 patients could be infected with coronavirus – source
Of course, this is a negative scenario for the spread of the coronavirus in Ukraine, which can develop if people do not adhere to quarantine at Easter.
Coronavirus in Ukraine. Stock Photo – slovo.news
It is reported by the "MFN" referring to the chain Telegram "Legitimate".
According to the source, the Ministry of Health is currently considering various scenarios for the spread of the coronavirus in Ukraine. The most negative scenario shows that on May 1, there could be 15,000 patients.
In addition, the Ministry of Health also estimates that in Ukraine, there may already be more than 10,000 patients:
"The Ministry of Health estimates that more than 10,000 people can be infected with the virus in Ukraine. But for the most part, the disease is asymptomatic and almost impossible to detect. "
Recall that we had previously reported on the situation of the coronavirus in Ukraine and in the world.
Relief from quarantine from April 20: Poland begins to overcome the crisis
Kate Middleton and Prince William were interviewed by the BBC: "It's important to stay connected."


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The 'wild, wild West days of Big Tech' are over, says Sen. Mark Warner
Published Wed, Jun 12 2019 7:03 PM EDT
Silicon Valley's tech giants have "enormous power" and need to be regulated, says Sen. Mark Warner.
However, he doesn't advocate breaking them up.
He says he hopes to have "rules of the road" in place before the 2020 election.
Sen. Mark Warner on the future of work
Silicon Valley's tech giants have "enormous power" and need to be regulated, Sen. Mark Warner told CNBC on Wednesday.
"We need to put some, in a sense, rules of the road in place and not with a heavy hand," the Democrat from Virginia said on "Closing Bell. "
"There are ways we can even look at industry-based standards and industry-based regulatory bodies as the first step," he said. "But the wild, wild West days of Big Tech, I think, are over — both from a consumer standpoint and from both political parties."
The tech giants have come under fire on numerous fronts, accused of being too big, lacking transparency and other criticisms.
On Wednesday, Facebook's stock dipped on a Wall Street Journal report that the company discovered emails that seem to connect CEO Mark Zuckerberg to its controversial privacy issues.
The social media giant has also come under recent scrutiny for leaving up a doctored video that appeared to show House Speaker Nancy Pelosi stumbling in her speech.
However, while there have been calls from some to break up the industry titans, Warner said that could give Chinese companies the upper hand in the competitive industry.
"As global companies, I don't want Facebook [and] Google replaced with Alibaba, Baidu and Tencent … Chinese companies that offer similar services without any constraints, " said Warner, vice chairman of the Select Committee on Intelligence. He began studying Facebook as part of the committee's investigation into Russia's involvement in the 2016 presidential election.
Instead, he sees regulation addressing four key issues: privacy, identity validation, content and the lack of transparency at the companies.
And he hopes it gets done for the midterm elections in 2020, he said, so there is no repeat of 2016, when Russians were able to post fake content in an attempt to sway the vote.
"If we don't get our act together before the next election, shame on us," he said. "We need to make sure that we put in place some guardrails around social media to protect our election in 2020."
The Wall Street Journal report on Wednesday said Facebook employees are concerned the emails could come under scrutiny during an investigation by the Federal Trade Commission on potential security lapses related to the Cambridge Analytica scandal.
Facebook, responding to the Journal's report, said the company has "fully cooperated" with the FTC investigation and is "continuing to work with them and hope[s] to bring this matter to an appropriate resolution."
"Facebook and its executives, including Mark, at all times strive to comply with all applicable law, and at no point did Mark or any other Facebook employee knowingly violate the company's obligations under the FTC consent order," a Facebook spokesperson said.
Alphabet Class A
Monopoly and antitrust


Many mid-career and advanced career executives and professionals are realizing that jobs as we have known them are changing, disappearing, evolving. We are in a period of career transition, even for those who are employed in the traditional sense.
You no longer can count on succession planning, career ladders, employee benefits and advancement policies to move you along in your career. And, whether you are thinking about it now, or will in the future, " work alternatives" will expand beyond getting, keeping or excelling in a job.
Waiting for job creation numbers to improve may not be an adequate work generation practice. Rather, many are looking for ways to continue working outside of the traditional employment model of seeking and filing positions. What we know is that there often is need even when a job does not exist on the organizational chart or on a job board.
Project work, free lancing and consulting will become increasingly attractive to employers and workers alike. The costs of adding head count have already inhibited hiring.
What is your Purpose—what do you do, what value do you bring, what benefits to you offer?
What is your Pleasure—how do you spend your time away from work? What activities do you wish you had more time for? Do you have an avocation that could convert to a product or service?
What is your Process—for bringing your services, talent, products to your clients and customers?
Who are your Prospects—who needs and will pay for what you are offering?
How do you set your Priorities—how do you spend your time every day so that you can move your business along?
What is your strategy to Pursue business—how will you go to market?
And finally, Persistence is key to launching, managing, maintaining and growing You, Inc?
Remember, your current work position can also be a platform for designing and preparing for what's next!
Staying "employable" goes beyond making sure you are secure in job!


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The May tree
Title: The May tree.
Author : BAFCOP Alexis (-)
Date shown:
Dimensions: Height 195 - Width 167
Technique and other indications: Oil on canvas
Storage location: MuCEM website
Contact copyright: © Photo RMN-Grand Palais
Picture reference: 01.2.1 / Inv: MNATP 987.24.1
© Photo RMN-Grand Palais
Alexis Bafcop (1804-1895) exhibited at the Salon from 1831 to 1840 portraits and genre paintings with an "ethnographic" subject. The presence of the tricolor flag, adopted as an official emblem by the July Monarchy, raises the question of the relationship between the cyclical time of the agrarian rite and the time of history. The choice to locate the stage in Brittany also takes on a particular significance.
The practice of collective May, attested in many regions of France as early as the eleventh century, consisted of fetching a tree in the forest and planting it in the village square on the night of April 30 to May 1. Decorated with ribbons, the tree was paraded in procession by the young people of the village. The custom was linked to youth associations which, like organized groups, had a role of primary importance in social life. This practice should not be confused with the custom of individual corn planted in front of the door of young girls to be married. The scene is located in Brittany, a region where the custom, according to Arnold Van Gennep, seems to have been more marginal: "In the country of Baud only, around 1840." The composition of the painting reproduces older models (such as an anonymous print entitled Spring, kept at the BNF) which have the same layout (musician on the left, tilted tree, building on the right). As for the representation of Breton costumes, it owes more to the engravings of Olivier Perrin or to the paintings of Eugène Leleux than to direct observation. The moment represented is that of the actual plantation, the tree being hauled and supported by young people under the gaze of the village community. The presence, in the left part of the canvas, of a fiddler announces the coming festival; that of the old man in the foreground can be surprising in the context of a party linked to youth.
Since the Celtic Academy, instituted by the 1st Empire, Brittany has become the land of predilection for the search for a mythical past. The 1840s saw a revival of Celtomania and an increased interest in Breton subjects. To represent the tricolor flag in a festival located in this region which the folklorist imagination regards as the most traditional represents a kind of manifesto: we consider as a fact the recognition, even in the most "typical" regions, of this emblem, and hence national values.
tricolour flag
Nicole BELMONT "The lovely month of May", in The story n ° 1, May 1978.Catherine BERTO, "The invention of Brittany, social genesis of a stereotype", in Social Sciences Research Proceedings , Paris, Ed. Of Minuit, 1980. Marie-France GUEUSQUIN The month of the dragons Paris, Berger-Levrault, 1981.Arnold VAN GENNEP Contemporary French folklore manual , tome I, vol.4, "Cérémonies periodic cycliques" Paris, Picard, 1949 reed. Robert Laffont coll. "Books", 1998.André VARAGNAC "Les but d 'past", in Our earth 13271
Frédéric MAGUET, "The May Tree"
Video: 메이트리+바버렛츠 보컬플레이 뮤비 MV BBoom BBoom acappella by Maytree u0026 the Barberettes
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Copyright © salvadoryoscar.com | The May tree...


When her daughters became anorexic in the 1980s, Claude-Pierre dropped out of school at UVIC to become a full-time counsellor for her daughters and other patients like them. Her method of healing, involving "constant love and attention";, proved more effective than the tradition treatments. In 1999, she founded the Montreaux Counselling Centre with her husband in Oak Bay, B.C. She wrote The Secret Language of Eating Disorders (Random House, 1997) and appeared on TV shows such as Oprah and 20/20. The Montreaux Counselling Centre was shut down after its license was revoked when former employees spoke out against the Centre in 1999 claiming patients were force-fed and often too sick to be without medical care. The scandal surrounding the Montreaux Centre became the subject for a book by Province investigative reporter Barbara McLintock called Anorexia's Fallen Angel (HarperCollins, 2002).


On the 7th September the Norwich Park-&-Ride network was upgraded with a fleet of new buses and a revision to the routes operated. Established local operator Konectbus, a Go-Ahead subsidiary, took over the network completely having up to then been just one part of the operation. Eighteen new ADL Enviro400 diesel engined double-decks, along with several of their existing fleet buses now run the whole network.
ADL double-decks 623 upper and 624 lower illustrate the 'new order' of buses that now run the lion's share of the network.
Several existing fleet buses have been retained and repainted into the new two-tone green livery number 600 upper, passes by the former Anglia Television studios, once home to such programmes as Quiz of the Week, The Price is Right hosted by Nicholas Parsons and Roald Dahl's Tales of the Unexpected, the one with the gyrating silhouetted lady. All since gone in the mists of time. Below, fleet number 800 one of the small fleet of former London operated Mercedes-Benz Citaro G articulated buses, is used on the University Hospital route and looks pretty good in the livery. Maybe a tad better than the previous liveries carried.
From the same date Konectbus also took over responsibility for the operation of the main Norwich city centre bus station and the facilities at the respective Park-&-Ride sites.
Around the same time the fleet of older ADL Enviro400 double-decks assigned to the konectexpress route 8 from Toftwood via Dereham to Norwich, were replaced by five similar new versions. The livery as illustrated on number 619 upper, was freshened up and the route rebranded as the Straight8. The replaced double-decks were then cascaded onto the route 2/2A Norwich to Sheringham and Holt via Cromer. Number 605 below is shown as it passed along the A149 at Beeston Regis on the North Norfolk coast in the older konectexpress livery with revsed branded. Unfortunately despite passenger and other interested parties' expressions of concern, the company has decided to withdraw this route from the 2nd November.


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Étienne C. Hirsch, né le , est un neurobiologiste français, directeur de recherche au CNRS et à l'INSERM, spécialisé dans la maladie de Parkinson.

Débuts

Il a soutenu en 1988 à l'université Paris 6 une thèse en sciences de la vie intitulée Approche physiopathologique de la maladie de Parkinson : Analyse immunocytochimique du système mésostriatal et caractérisation de deux antigènes du corps de Lewy.

Membre de sociétés savantes et de comités scientifiques

 2007-2009 : Président du conseil scientifique de la Fédération pour la recherche sur le cerveau
 2007-2009 : Président de la Société des neurosciences
 Nommé à l'INSERM :
 en 1995-1999, en qualité de membre élu de la commission scientifique spécialisée 5 : Neurosciences A (mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires des maladies du système nerveux ; maladies des organes des sens et du muscle)
 en 2003-2007, en qualité de membre élu de la commission scientifique spécialisée 8 : Neurosciences et organes des sens
 en 2008-2012, en qualité de membre élu du conseil scientifique

Membre de comités de lecture de revues scientifiques
 Neuroscience (rédacteur en chef adjoint)
  (spécialisé dans les désordres du mouvement)
  (commission consultative d'évaluation)

Récompenses

 1986 :
 1990 : , de l'
 1999 : Grand Prix de l'Académie des sciences / Fondation pour la recherche biomédicale (PCL) (maladie de Parkinson, prix François-Lhermitte)

Références

Neuroscientifique
Neuroscientifique français
Biologiste français
Naissance en mars 1958

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Kushti is an ancient form of wrestling practiced in India in dirt arenas. Training and wrestling is a way of life for the pehlwan, or wrestlers, under the guidance of a master or guru. This photo essay offers a glimpse into the sport.


Flower arrangement is also called Kado, or the Way of flowers. Japanese flower arrangement had its origin in early Buddhist flower(供) offerings(花) and developed into a distinctive(特有の) art form from the 15th century, with many styles and schools. The attention given to the choice of plant material and container, the placement of the branches, and the relationship of the branches to the container and surrounding space distinguished this art from purely decorative uses of flower.
Buddhist ritual flower offerings [供華(くげ)] were introduced to Japan from China early in the 7th century by Ono no Imoko [小野妹子], from whom the Ikenobo [池坊] school of arranging claims descent(相続者). The important three-element offering [三具足] placed in front of a Buddhist image consisted of an incense(お香) burner flanked(並べる) by a candlestick(燭台) and a vase of flowers. These flower offerings were arranged with the main stem(茎) approximately one and a half times the height of the container and set vertically(垂直に) at its center; two additional stems were placed symmetrically(対称的に) to the left and right.
Aside(〜とは別に) from religious offerings, there is no record of any systematized form of flower arrangement in Japan prior to the late 15th century. From the tradition of three-element offering developed the style known as "standing flowers" [立花(りっか)], a more sophisticated(洗練された) arrangement that sought to reflect the majesty(主体性) of nature and from which all later schools of Japanese flower arrangement derive. During the 16th and 17th centuries, although the Ikenobo school predominated(優勢である), various school of standing flowers rose and flourished under the patronage(庇護) of the aristocracy(一流の人々).
In the late 16th century, a new form of flower arrangement called "fling into" [投げ入れ] emerged for use in the tea ceremony. An austere(質素な) and simple form was required for the flower arrangements used in the tea ceremony [茶花] rather than the increasingly elaborate(手の込んだ) standing flower styles. Sen no Rikyu [千利休] (1522-f1591) is regarded as the founder of both the ritualistic(儀式的な) tea ceremony and the accompanying fling into style of flower arrangement, in which a single vase might hold only one flower disposed(配置する) with simple elegance.
The late 17th century saw the emergence thriving(繁栄する) merchant class and a shift away from aristocratic and priestly forms of flower arrangement. A growing demand for simplification of the increasingly contrived(不自然な) standing flower styles gave rise to a new form of arrangement called "living flowers" [生花(せいか)], basically consisting of three main branches arranged in an asymmetrical(非対称的な) triangle. Whereas standing flower expressed the majesty of nature by symbolic representation of a landscape, the ideal in living flowers was to convey(伝える) the plant's essence(本質). Living flowers combined the dignity of standing flowers with the simplicity of fling into style, and by the end of the 18th century it had become the most popular style. Diverse(様々な) angles of placement and varying lengths of branches define(定める) the styles of the various schools of living flowers. Early in the 19th century, the three main branches used living flowers became commonly known as "Heaven" [天], "Earth" [地], and "Human" [人]. The height of the Human varies, but the Heaven is two-thirds as high as the Human, while the Earth is one-third as high.
Tea ceremony is a highly structured method of preparing powdered green tea [抹茶] in the company of guests. The tea ceremony incorporates(組み入れる) the preparation(調理) and service(供応) of food as well as the study and utilization(活用) of architecture, gardening, ceramics, calligraphy, history, and religion. It is the culmination(極致) of a union of artistic creativity, sensitivity thought, and social interchange.
According to tradition, Bodhidharma [達磨], who left India and introduced Zen Buddhism to China in 520, encouraged the custom of tea drinking for alertness(精神を研ぎ澄ますこと) during meditation(瞑想). In Buddhist temples during the Tang dynasty [唐王朝] (618-907), a ritual was performed using tea in brick form [磚(せん)茶(ちゃ)]. This was ground(挽く) to a powder, mixed in a kettle with hot water, and ladled(柄杓で) into(注ぐ) ceramic bowls.
Buddhism was brought to Japan sometime in the first half of the 6th century. During the Nara period (710-794), the influence of Chinese culture included the introduction of tea in conjunction(〜とあわさって) with Buddhist meditation. Early in the Kamakura period (1185-1333), the Japanese priest Eisai [栄西] (1141-1215) returned from Buddhist studies in China, bringing the tea ritual practiced in Chinese Buddhist temples during the Song dynasty [宋王朝] (960-1279). In this ritual, called "four heads" [四頭(よつがしら)], powdered green tea is whisked(かき回す) in individual conical(円錐状の) bowls called "heaven eye" [天目]. The bowl is supported on a lacquered(漆塗りの) stand. Eisai also brought tea seeds from the plant that was to become the source of much of the tea grown in Japan today. Although wild tea grew in Japan, it was considered inferior, and the tea grown from Eisai's seeds became known as "true tea" [本茶].
In Sakai, south of Osaka, there was a group of wealthy merchants called "warehouse school" [納屋衆]. Out of this tradition came Takeno Joo [武野紹鴎] (1502-1555), who taught the use of the stand for the tea(茶) utensils(道具) [台子(だいす)], as well as a sensitive connoisseurship(鑑識眼) and the aesthetic sensibility known as wabi. His influence was widely felt but was most important in his instruction of his student Sen no Rikyu.
Rikyu transformed the tea ceremony, perfected(代用する) the use of the stand, and substituted common Japanese objects for the rare and expensive Chinese tea utensils used previously. Tea was no longer made in one room and served to guests in another, but rather was made in their midst. Many people began to practice the tea ceremony following the precepts(訓示) and example of Rikyu.
Rikyu's successor, Furuta Oribe [古田織部] (1544-1615), introduced a decorative style that some considered superficial(表層的な). Oribe's pupil Kobori Enshu [小堀遠州] (1579-1647) continued the grand style and was teacher to the Tokugawa shoguns, moving freely among the nobility(貴族階級), while also designing gardens and teahouses.
There were many masters of tea, with heirs(相続者) and followers who eventually gathered into schools. Ura Senke [裏千家] and Omote Senke [表千家] are the leading schools in Japan today.
In Japan, as in other countries in the Chinese cultural sphere(領域), calligraphy is considered one of the fine arts. In China, the birthplace of the East Asian tradition of calligraphy, the three disciplines(学芸分野)—poetry, calligraphy, and painting—were considered the proper attainments(熟達すること) of every cultured person, and excellence in writing thought to be a manifestation(現れ) of the practitioner's character.
The history of Japanese calligraphy begins with the introduction into Japan of the Chinese writing system in about the 5th century AD. Initially the Japanese wrote in Chinese, but they soon began using Chinese characters in new ways to suit the requirements of their native language. The poetry anthology(名詩選集) Man'yoshu [万葉集], for example, was written using Chinese characters to convey either Japanese words or syllables(音節). The latter phonetic(音声的な) method of writing is now known as man'yogana [万葉仮名]. This practice ultimately led to the creation in the early 9th century of Japanese kana that were used either alone or in combination with Chinese characters. The Japanese kana script was in wide use in the 10th century and emerged as a major calligraphic form after the 11th century. Nevertheless, for a long time the Chinese language retained(保つ) its status as the literary language of the elite and to varying degrees it was favored in later periods as well.
Various types of Chinese-character script [書体], representing the historical development of writing in China, are practiced. Archaic script [篆書] is traditionally used for carving official(官) seals(印). Clerical(書記の) script [隷書], was once used for official documents. These are very ancient Chinese scripts and did not come into extensive use in Japan until the Edo period (1600-1868), when Chinese historical studies received much attention. More common is block-style script [楷書], perhaps the most popular style since the characters are easily recognizable. Running-style script [行書], is created by a faster movement of the brush and some consequent(必然的な) abbreviation(省略) of the character. This script is frequently used for informal writing. Grass-writing script [草書] is a true cursive(続け書きの) style that abbreviates and links parts of a character, resulting in fluid(流れるような) and curvilinear(曲線からなる) writing. In grass-writhing script, variations in the size of different characters may occur in a brush stroke, and some characters may be joined to the next, creating rhythmic and artistic forms.


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UK: equine sampling and research costs at the British Horseracing Authority 2015-2019
Equine sampling and research costs at the British Horseracing Authority in United Kingdom from 2015 to 2019* (in 1,000 GBP)
by David Lange, last edited Jun 11, 2019
This statistic displays the equine sampling and research expenses at the British Horseracing Authority in United Kingdom from 2015 to 2019. In 2018, the BHA has planned total equine sampling and research costs amounting to 3,543 thousand British pounds. The British Horseracing Authority is the regulatory authority for horse racing in Great Britain. In 2016, there were 352,900 people in England alone, participating in equestrian sports on a monthly basis. Further information on equestrian sports in the UK can be found in the Dossier: Equestrian Sports in the United Kingdom.
Expenses in thousand GBP
* Data for 2015, 2016, 2017 is actual, 2018 is forecast, 2019 is budget.
Annual turnover of horse race betting Great Britain 2008-2018
Total number of horses in the United Kingdom (UK) 2017, by country
GB: average amount of prize money in horse racing from 2009 to 2014, by type
British eventing: seriously or fatally injured riders from horse falls GB 2007-2015
Statistics on "Equestrian Sports in the United Kingdom (UK)"
UK Overview
Number of horses in the United Kingdom (UK) as of June 2017, by countryTotal number of horses in the United Kingdom (UK) 2017, by country
Number of enterprises for raising horses and other equine in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2017, by turnover size bandRaising of horses: enterprises in the UK 2017, by turnover size band
Estimated horse population in Ireland in 2016, by region*Ireland: estimate equine population 2016, by region
Number of registered members of the Pony Racing Authority in Great Britain from 2012 to 2017Great Britain: number of registered members of the Pony Racing Authority 2012-2017
Sport England's investment plans for the British Equestrian Federation in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2013 to 2017, by category (in 1,000 GBP)UK: Sport England's public funding for the British Equestrian Federation 2013-2017
Public funding for Olympic equestrian in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2000 to 2020, by location of games (in GBP)Public funding for Olympic equestrian in the UK since 2000, by location of games
Public funding for equestrian events in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2007 to 2015, by event (in GBP)Public funding for equestrian events in the UK since 2007
Public funding for para-equestrian dressage in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2004 to 2020, by location of games (in GBP)Public funding for para-equestrian dressage in the UK, by location of games
Funding of Horse Sport Ireland (HSI)* for breeding in Ireland from 2008 to 2016, by source (in million euros)Ireland: funding breakdown of HSI Breeding 2008-2016, by source
Number of stable employees in horse racing in Great Britain in 2015, by category and genderGreat Britain: number of stable employees in horse racing in 2015, by type & gender
Number of stable employees working in horse racing in Great Britain in 2015, by age groupGreat Britain: number of stable employees in horse racing in 2015, by age group
Number of people employed full and part time with licensed and permitted trainers in horse racing in Great Britain in 2015, by genderHorse racing: people employed full & part time with trainers in Great Britain in 2015
Estimation of costs incurred by a competitive horseback rider during one season on one horse in the United Kingdom (UK) 2015, by category (in GBP)Equestrian sport: seasonal cost estimation for competitve riders in the UK in 2015
Annual turnover of on course horse race betting in Great Britain from April 2008 to March 2018 (in million GBP)Annual turnover of on course horse race betting Great Britain 2008-2018
Gross gambling yield (GGY) of on course horse race betting in Great Britain from April 2008 to March 2018 (in million GBP)Annual gross gambling yield of on course horse race betting Great Britain 2008-2018
Annual turnover of off course horse race betting in Great Britain from April 2008 to March 2018 (in million GBP)Annual turnover of horse race betting Great Britain 2008-2018
Gross gambling yield (GGY) of off course horse race betting in Great Britain from April 2008 to March 2018 (in million GBP)*Annual off course gross gambling yield of horse races Great Britain 2008-2018
Annual turnover of pool betting on horse races in Great Britain from April 2008 to March 2018 (in million GBP)Turnover of horse race pool betting gambling Great Britain 2008-2018
Gross gambling yield (GGY) of pool betting on horse races in Great Britain from April 2008 to March 2018 (in million GBP)Gross gambling yield of horse race pool betting Great Britain 2008-2018
Total number of live thoroughbred foals in Great Britain from 2010 to 2015, by typeGreat Britain: number of live thoroughbred foals from 2010 to 2015, by type
Total number of race horses exported from Great Britain and Ireland in 2015, by country Number of exported race horses from GB and Ireland in 2015, by country
Number of race horses exported from Great Britain and Ireland from 2010 to 2015Number of exported race horses from GB and Ireland from 2010 to 2015
Total current national breeders' expenditure in Ireland in 2016, by type of expenditure (in 1,000 Euros)Ireland: national breeders' current expenditure 2016, by type of expenditure
Distribution of horse owners in Ireland in 2016, by breeding objectivesIreland: distribution of horse owners 2016, by breeding objectives
Number of people participating in equestrian sports in England from 2016 to 2018Equestrian sports participation England 2016-2018
Share of equestrian sports participants who are members of a club in England from 2007/2008 to 2015/2016Equestrian club membership in England 2007-2016
Share of children participating in horse riding or pony trekking in the last 4 weeks in England from 2010/11 to 2017/18, by age groupChildren participating in horse riding in England 2010-2018
Share of equestrian sports participants who took part in competition in the previous 12 months in England from 2007/2008 to 2015/2016Equestrian competitors as a share of participants in England 2007-2016
Share of equestrian sports participants who received tuition in the previous 12 months in England from 2007/2008 to 2015/2016Share of equestrian participants who receive tuition for the sport England 2007-2016
Horse riding participation of primary and secondary school pupils in any form or setting in Wales 2018, by genderWales: pupils' participation in horse riding 2018, by gender
Number of horses registered under the rules of racing in Great Britain from 2010 to 2015, by typeGreat Britain: number of registered race horses from 2010 to 2015, by type
Total number of horse races in Ireland in 2018, by race type Ireland: number of horse races in 2018, by race type
Number of race horses in training in Great Britain in 2015, by type of ownershipGreat Britain: number of race horses in training in 2015, by type of ownership
Number of races held by the Pony Racing Authority in Great Britain from 2012 to 2017, by typeGreat Britain: number of races held by the Pony Racing Authority 2012-2017, by type
Number of fixtures held by the Pony Racing Authority in Great Britain from 2012 to 2017, by typeGreat Britain: number of fixture held by the Pony Racing Authority 2012-2017, by type
Number of registered race horse breeders in Ireland in 2018, by countyIreland: race horse breeders 2018, by county
Number of licensed race horse trainers in Ireland in 2018, by counyIreland: licensed race horse trainers 2018, by counties
Average amount of prize money per horse race in Great Britain from 2009 to 2014, by type (in GBP)GB: average amount of prize money in horse racing from 2009 to 2014, by type
Average prize money of all horse races in the northern region of Great Britain in 2014/2015, by racecourse (in GBP)GB: average prize money at horse races in the north 2015, by racecourse
Average prize money of all horse races in the southern region of Great Britain in 2014/2015, by racecourse (in GBP)GB: average prize money of horse races in the south 2015, by racecourse
Average prize money of all horse races in the Midlands region of Great Britain in 2014/2015, by racecourse (in GBP)GB: average prize money at horse races in the Midlands 2015, by racecourse
Prize money of horse racing won abroad by horses trained in Great Britain from 2010 to 2015 (in million GBP)GB: prize money won abroad by locally trained horses from 2010 to 2015
Prize money of horse racing won in Great Britain by horses trained abroad from 2010 to 2015 (in million GBP)Great Britain: horse racing prize money won by horses trained abroad 2010-2015
Risk of serious or fatal injuries in British eventing in Great Britain in 2015, by type of fallBritish eventing: injury risk when falling while taking part in Great Britain 2015
Number of somersault horse falls in British eventing seasons in Great Britain from 2007 to 2015British eventing: somersault horse falls in Great Britain 2007-2015
Number of non-somersault horse falls in British eventing seasons in Great Britain from 2007 to 2015British eventing: non-somersault horse falls in Great Britain 2007-2015
Number of unseated horse falls in British eventing seasons in Great Britain from 2007 to 2015British eventing: unseated horse falls in Great Britain from 2007 to 2015
Number of seriously or fatally injured riders from horse falls in British eventing seasons in Great Britain from 2007 to 2015, by typeBritish eventing: seriously or fatally injured riders from horse falls GB 2007-2015
Equestrian sports in the United Kingdom (UK)
Sports in Europe
Winter sports in the UK
Football in the UK
Sports in the United Kingdom (UK)
Fitness equipment in the United States
Sport in South Korea
Sporting goods in the United States
Sports in Japan
Sports employment in the United Kingdom (UK)
Deloitte's sports industry starting lineup
At the gate and beyond 2018
Sports: the most disrupted of all industries?
Children's sports participation in the United Kingdom (UK)
Sport in England: Public Funding and Participation in the UK
Number of horses in the United Kingdom (UK) as of June 2017, by country
Number of enterprises for raising horses and other equine in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2017, by turnover size band
Estimated horse population in Ireland in 2016, by region*
Number of registered members of the Pony Racing Authority in Great Britain from 2012 to 2017
Sport England's investment plans for the British Equestrian Federation in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2013 to 2017, by category (in 1,000 GBP)
Public funding for Olympic equestrian in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2000 to 2020, by location of games (in GBP)
Public funding for equestrian events in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2007 to 2015, by event (in GBP)
Public funding for para-equestrian dressage in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2004 to 2020, by location of games (in GBP)
Funding of Horse Sport Ireland (HSI)* for breeding in Ireland from 2008 to 2016, by source (in million euros)
Number of stable employees in horse racing in Great Britain in 2015, by category and gender
Number of stable employees working in horse racing in Great Britain in 2015, by age group
Number of people employed full and part time with licensed and permitted trainers in horse racing in Great Britain in 2015, by gender
Estimation of costs incurred by a competitive horseback rider during one season on one horse in the United Kingdom (UK) 2015, by category (in GBP)
Annual turnover of on course horse race betting in Great Britain from April 2008 to March 2018 (in million GBP)
Gross gambling yield (GGY) of on course horse race betting in Great Britain from April 2008 to March 2018 (in million GBP)
Annual turnover of off course horse race betting in Great Britain from April 2008 to March 2018 (in million GBP)
Gross gambling yield (GGY) of off course horse race betting in Great Britain from April 2008 to March 2018 (in million GBP)*
Annual turnover of pool betting on horse races in Great Britain from April 2008 to March 2018 (in million GBP)
Gross gambling yield (GGY) of pool betting on horse races in Great Britain from April 2008 to March 2018 (in million GBP)
Total number of live thoroughbred foals in Great Britain from 2010 to 2015, by type
Total number of race horses exported from Great Britain and Ireland in 2015, by country
Number of race horses exported from Great Britain and Ireland from 2010 to 2015
Total current national breeders' expenditure in Ireland in 2016, by type of expenditure (in 1,000 Euros)
Distribution of horse owners in Ireland in 2016, by breeding objectives
Number of people participating in equestrian sports in England from 2016 to 2018
Share of equestrian sports participants who are members of a club in England from 2007/2008 to 2015/2016
Share of children participating in horse riding or pony trekking in the last 4 weeks in England from 2010/11 to 2017/18, by age group
Share of equestrian sports participants who took part in competition in the previous 12 months in England from 2007/2008 to 2015/2016
Share of equestrian sports participants who received tuition in the previous 12 months in England from 2007/2008 to 2015/2016
Horse riding participation of primary and secondary school pupils in any form or setting in Wales 2018, by gender
Number of horses registered under the rules of racing in Great Britain from 2010 to 2015, by type
Total number of horse races in Ireland in 2018, by race type
Number of race horses in training in Great Britain in 2015, by type of ownership
Number of races held by the Pony Racing Authority in Great Britain from 2012 to 2017, by type
Number of fixtures held by the Pony Racing Authority in Great Britain from 2012 to 2017, by type
Number of registered race horse breeders in Ireland in 2018, by county
Number of licensed race horse trainers in Ireland in 2018, by couny
Average amount of prize money per horse race in Great Britain from 2009 to 2014, by type (in GBP)
Average prize money of all horse races in the northern region of Great Britain in 2014/2015, by racecourse (in GBP)
Average prize money of all horse races in the southern region of Great Britain in 2014/2015, by racecourse (in GBP)
Average prize money of all horse races in the Midlands region of Great Britain in 2014/2015, by racecourse (in GBP)
Prize money of horse racing won abroad by horses trained in Great Britain from 2010 to 2015 (in million GBP)
Prize money of horse racing won in Great Britain by horses trained abroad from 2010 to 2015 (in million GBP)
Risk of serious or fatal injuries in British eventing in Great Britain in 2015, by type of fall
Number of somersault horse falls in British eventing seasons in Great Britain from 2007 to 2015
Number of non-somersault horse falls in British eventing seasons in Great Britain from 2007 to 2015
Number of unseated horse falls in British eventing seasons in Great Britain from 2007 to 2015
Number of seriously or fatally injured riders from horse falls in British eventing seasons in Great Britain from 2007 to 2015, by type
Size of the horse racing track market in the United States from 2009 to 2019 (in million U.S. dollars)
Number of runners in the Japan Racing Association (JRA) horse racing from 2008 to 2017 (in 1,000s)
Number of imported runners in Japan Racing Association (JRA) horse racing from 2008 to 2017
Total betting turnover of the Japan Racing Association (JRA) horse racing from 2007 to 2016 (in billion Japanese yen)
Income of the British Horseracing Authority in United Kingdom (UK) from 2015 to 2019* (in 1,000 GBP)
Racecourse income of the British Horseracing Authority in United Kingdom (UK) from 2015 to 2019* (in 1,000 GBP)
Expenditure of the British Horseracing Authority in United Kingdom (UK) from 2015 to 2019* (in 1,000 GBP)
Number of people who attended horse racing events in Ireland between 2012 and 2018
Suggestions for competitiveness reinforcement of the sports industry in South Korea as of 2017
Disruptive factors of development of the sports industry in South Korea as of 2017
Most urgent support to develop the sports industry in South Korea as of 2017
Measures to increase the sales value of sports industry in South Korea as of 2017
Distribution of the betting turnover of horse racing by the National Association of Racing (NAR) in 2016, by type of betting
Households with people who are very interested in horse racing in the U.S. 2018 to 2020
Total number of attendees at horse racing events Ireland in 2018, by racecourse
Leading seven horse racing festivals in Ireland in 2018, by attendance
Income from owners of the British Horseracing Authority (BHA) in United Kingdom (UK) from 2015 to 2019* (in thousand British pounds)
Income from publications of the British Horseracing Authority (BHA) in United Kingdom (UK) from 2015 to 2019* (in 1,000 GBP)
Planned income from publications of the British Horseracing Authority in United Kingdom from 2015 to 2019* (in 1,000 GBP)
Employment expenses at the British Horseracing Authority in United Kingdom from 2015 to 2019* (in 1,000 GBP)
Racing administration costs at the British Horseracing Authority in United Kingdom from 2015 to 2019* (in 1,000 GBP)