THE GOOD: Documentaries can be very tricky. On the one hand, they need to entertain the audience, like all films need to do. But documentaries also have the added job of educating the audience as well. It's important to note that there can be several different ways to educate an audience. It can be very one-sided, personalized, and with a clear agenda in mind (like all of Michael Moore's documentaries). Or it can be much more observational and hands-on like Morgan Spurlock's Super Size Me.
Blackfish has the entertainment part covered fairly well. The pace is kept up and we never linger on one place too long before seeing new people or some new angle. While the main focus is on SeaWorld, there's a lot of time spent in other places like Sealand of the Pacific in Canada and Loro Parque in Spain. In addition to a variety of settings and interview subjects, there's also the inherent entertainment-factor of seeing the Orca whales and other animals swim around and interact with the humans. There is a negative spin put on those moments as one of the messages is how these animals are harmed, but nevertheless, the images you see can be breathtaking at times and definitely keep you attentive.
While I'll get into some negative aspects about the education element of Blackfish, the simple fact is that no matter the validity of the statements and how much the story might have been twisted to fit a narrative, this film raised (and is still raising) awareness for the mistreatment of whales and other sea creatures that are kept in captivity. There is a problem of misinformation (again, which I'll get into) and in that case, widespread awareness may not be the best thing since that means millions of people are learning the wrong thing. Now I won't get into right and wrong here since I'm sure the truth is quite complicated, but with Blackfish, even though there might be a hidden agenda the filmmakers were aiming for that distorted some people remarks, in this case awareness is paramount. The crux of the film seems to be based in truth and raising awareness about that has the possibility to lead to change.
THE BAD: My main issue with Blackfish is about the misinformation and distortion of the facts that seem to take place. Unlike a Michael Moore documentary where I go in expecting to be told facts from only one perspective, Blackfish seems like it will be a fairly equal and un-biased film based in facts (albeit with a clear intention for a certain message). While I couldn't really place why I felt like the film was misrepresenting people during my viewing, I knew the first thing I would do after it finished was to look up how people reacted to it.
Obviously SeaWorld claimed the film was inaccurate, but what really got me going was to see the several of the trainers (including ones interviewed for the film) spoke up to say they felt their quotes were not necessarily taken out of context, but certainly used in a way they weren't expecting. Here are two articles where Bridgette Pirtle and Mark Simmons (both former trainers who were interviewed in the film) reacted to the final piece.
Now these articles too should be taken with a grain of salt, especially Mark's which has the feeling of jealousy written all over it because he had, "spent 3 hours of time on film being interviewed [the director] Gabriela, talking about his many years with Tilikum and at SeaWorld in general, had every reason to believe that he would be used as the main authority in this film," and turned out to have very little screen time.
But the important thing to realize here is that no matter how you look at it, parts of the story seem to be either missing completely, or misrepresented. It never feels like you're being deliberately lied to but there is a lack of trust. Instead of focusing on the animals (the orca whales in particular), the harm inflicted upon them, the dangers of captivity, and what could be done to fix it, Blackfish feels more like a personal vendetta against SeaWorld. SeaWorld might be the biggest part of the problem and should take responsibility for any harm to animals or dangerous situations they put their trainers in, but the filmmakers should also take responsibility for making a film that feels trustworthy instead of one that's like a creepy guy driving by in a van asking kids if they want some candy.
THE TAKEAWAY: When it comes down to it, Blackfish accomplishes its goal of raising awareness for the mistreatment of orca whales and other marine animals and does so in a way that can entertain and keep you attentive. It may try to sensationalize things and twist certain facts to fulfill the filmmaker's message rather than telling a story that fits the facts, but that can be something to figure out later and do your own personal research on. Blackfish starts the conversation, you can help finish it.


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Improved convergence analysis of Lasserre's measure-based upper bounds for polynomial minimization on compact sets
Monique Laurent
Lucas Slot
Categories Global Optimization, Linear, Cone and Semidefinite Programming Short URL: https://optimization-online.org/?p=15817
We consider the problem of computing the minimum value of a polynomial f over a compact set K⊆R^n, which can be reformulated as finding a probability measure ν on K minimizing the expected value of f over K. Lasserre showed that it suffices to consider such measures of the form ν=qμ, where q is a sum-of-squares polynomial and μ is a given Borel measure supported on K. By bounding the degree of q by 2r one gets a converging hierarchy of upper bounds for the original minimization problem. When K is the hypercube [−1,1]^n, equipped with the Chebyshev measure, these bounds are known to converge to the minimum value of f at a rate in O(1/r^2). We extend this error estimate to a wider class of convex bodies, while also allowing for a broader class of reference measures, including the Lebesgue measure. Our analysis applies to simplices, balls and convex bodies that locally look like a ball. In addition, we show an error estimate in O(log(r)/r) when K satisfies a minor geometrical condition, and in O((log(r)/r)^2) when K is a convex body, equipped with the Lebesgue measure. This improves upon the currently best known error estimates in O(1/sqrt(r)) and O(1/r) for these two respective cases.
View Improved convergence analysis of Lasserre's measure-based upper bounds for polynomial minimization on compact sets
On the Relation between the Extended Supporting Hyperplane Algorithm and Kelley's Cutting Plane Algorithm
Lagrangian relaxation based heuristics for a chance-constrained optimization model of a hybrid solar-battery storage system

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home Mexico HIstory The "treasure" from the time of Porfirio Díaz that would turn Mexico...
The "treasure" from the time of Porfirio Díaz that would turn Mexico into a world power, and that AMLO has already ordered to investigate
This is the story of the "treasure" from the time of Porfirio Díaz that would turn Mexico into a world power, and that AMLO has already ordered to investigate
President Andrés Manuel López Obrador reported that Arturo Herrera, Secretary of the Treasury and Public Credit, received the instruction to inquire about the fortune that would be somewhere abroad.
A "treasure" of more than 830 billion pesos could turn Mexico into a world power, assured Rogelio Amparan, member of the Mixed Private Fund for Autonomous Heritage.We are going to verify it, because if this is real, Mexico could become a world power.
Since the country achieved its independence from the Spanish Crown, in 1821, a series of "off-the-books" deposits have been generated to compensate the legitimate owners of the Mexican territory, the native communities, for the extraction of natural wealth by hand, from nations of great economic importance.
"So, what is a fact, because we got to know all these deposits at some point, when compliance with England is made, they throw us all the information and it is incredible, it was the confirmation a few years ago that there were so many deposits in gold of different denominations and weights, which the Mexican State did to concentrate them and, in due course, compensate the entire Mexican population through the administration of its central bank ", Amparan told Infobae Mexico.
The Gross Domestic Product of Mexico from 1877 to 1910 remained at levels of 2.1% per year (Photo: Reuters / Umit Bektas)
However, it was not until the Porfiriato, a thirty-year period in which General Porfirio Díaz was president of Mexico, that these contributions became more relevant.
This moment in history is characterized by having achieved political, social, and economic stability since it opened the door to important foreign investors who managed to accelerate the commercial activity and the national economy. The Gross Domestic Product of Mexico from 1877 to 1910 was impressive for its time; real GDP per capita remained at levels of 2.1% per year.
Compared with other more developed countries, according to economist Timothy J. Kehoe, "[…] the Porfiriato was the period -except for the period of import substitution of 1950-1981- in which Mexico's economy was comparable with the United States."
With the exception of the Import Substitution period (ISI), the Porfiriato is the only moment in which Mexico's economy was comparable with the United States (Photo: File)
With Plutarco Elías Calles at the helm of the Federal Executive, a decree is issued to initiate compensation for indigenous peoples in the future , an amount that was made up of accumulated deposits and an appraisal of Mexican lands.
"The deposits themselves form something called the Unique Support Capital Account (CUCA) of which the entire population becomes an active member, three generations of 33 years have passed and Mexico has the right to collect it until the fourth generation, but Mexico should be receiving the dividends from that single contribution account to distribute them among its entire population ", explained Mauricio Montijo Lucero, spokesperson, sole administrator and settlement agent of the FMPPA.
The intervention of the Mexican State would be needed, with the support of a diplomatic corps, so that the Mixed Private Fund for Autonomous Heritage can initiate a process of repatriation of resources (Photo: Reuters)
Montijo Lucero acquired the right to administer the fund by the appointment given to his family , when Elías Calles, in 1928, began the registration process from the updating of private committees of all the indigenous communities of the country.
"It was the grandmother, the father, and later Mauricio the only one who has been following up. This right was conferred upon him when those 33 years expire, after those deposits in that third period, Mexico can now automatically access the returns generated by that account through its common representative and those enormous returns, Mauricio speaks of 822 million initially, but right now we are going in eight hundred thirty-something", he explained. If everything Mauricio says is real, that Mexico has a great treasure
The intervention of the Mexican State would be needed, with the support of a diplomatic corps, so that the Mixed Private Fund for Autonomous Heritage can initiate a process of repatriation of resources. For this reason, the members of the aforementioned organization took with optimism the initiative of Andrés Manuel López Obrador to inquire about the "treasure".
With these resources, Mexico acquired financial independence in four main sustainability axes, assured Amparan (Photo: Reuters / José Luis González)
In a morning press conference, on January 19, this year, the Mexican president reported that Arturo Herrera, Secretary of Finance and Public Credit, received the instruction to investigate the fortune that would be abroad.
"We have heard that version already on other occasions, but we have no evidence, there is no evidence that this is real, of course, we do not close any file that has to do with these events, with the possibility that there is money abroad that belongs to Mexico, that does not prescribe; if it is investigated, if there are elements if it is proven if it is real; then the government would act to demand the return of that wealth for the benefit of the people of Mexico, but now there is no information on that, " the Finance Minister said on January 19th.
With these resources, said Rogelio Amparan, Mexico acquired financial independence. In addition, distributed among the 2,458 municipalities of the country, an investment could be generated in four main axes: education, health, economic development, and food.
"If we give that money away to each inhabitant, we could collapse the country's economy and that is not the idea, it is an intelligent financial action that should apply that investment and make the entire population work for their communities, in that case, let's say hypothetical amount to each inhabitant generates a source of investment because the stock market asset is not withdrawn, it could be invested in the four areas of sustainable development previously mentioned", he clarified.
The members of the fund have taken with great optimism the initiative and the interest of President López Obrador to investigate the "treasure" (Photo: EFE / José Méndez)
Rogelio Amparán continued: "However, this information has not been disclosed to the public. According to the member of the FMPPA, there are political interests that do not want Mexico to recover its value in the foreign exchange market, develop in investment. "[…] that part is the one that the public administration does not like very much because it thinks that we are trying to generate an alternate government, and that is not the case at all."
"Our intention is not to be in confrontation with anyone, much less with the president of the republic, the intention is to give him the most powerful tool that the president of the republic can access, to access the entire plan that he brings to develop this country and it is genuine, "he concluded.
Source: INFOBAE
Porfirio Diaz
SHCP
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Mexican Jews, a brief history of a united community
The Mexican origin of the American cowboy
The Sephardic footprint in Los Altos de Jalisco


In 1943, when Ike Sewell opened a restaurant at the corner of Ohio Street and Wabash Avenue in Chicago, Americans only ever ate pizzas as snacks. Ike figured that if you combined some of Italy's old, authentic recipes with impressive quantities of the finest meats, fresh cheeses, ripe vegetables and flavourful spices, pizza could become a hearty meal. That was the start of an American tradition - the Chicago Deep Dish Pizza. Ike's Original Deep Dish Pizza has been imitated many times, but never quite duplicated. In the mid-1990s, UnoВ® broadened its concept to encompass favorite dishes that diners expected from a high-quality, full-service restaurant. To expand the menu and meet increasing customer expectations, Uno completed a multi-million dollar kitchen upgrade in its restaurants, installing sautГ© stations, grills and fryers, and invested heavily in the training of its front and back of the house staff. The new Uno Chicago Grill locations are larger and feature a "Chicago warehouse" looks that creates an inviting dining environment. For the hospitality. For the friendship. For the deep-down, soul-satisfying goodness of our classic deep dish. For the inventiveness and tastiness of our seafood, salads and thin crust pizzas. For the feeling you get when you know you've come to the right place. Because we all need something really good to eat. THAT'S WHY WE'RE HERE.


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CJOB Sports Show with Christian Aumell
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Reservist dead after training exercise at Canadian Forces Base Shilo, Manitoba
Radio - CJOB
By Amber McGuckin	& Timm Bruch	Global News
Updated November 20, 2017 7:54 am
0:23 Soldier killed in training accident at CFB Shilo
WATCH ABOVE: Soldier killed in training accident at CFB Shilo – Nov 20, 2017
A reservist died during a training exercise at an army base in Manitoba over the weekend.
Cpl. Nolan Caribou, who was an infantryman with the Royal Winnipeg Rifles of the 38 Canadian Brigade Group, was found dead Saturday while participating in an Army Reserve training exercise.
The exercise was focused on basic defensive routines, patrolling, and raids. No live ammunition was used.
Caribou served with the Unit for five years and had not been deployed operationally as a member of the Canadian Armed Forces.
An investigation is underway.
Cpl. Nolan Caribou was found dead November 18 after participating in an Army Reserve training exercise.	 Provided: Canadian Armed Forces
"On behalf of the members of the Royal Winnipeg Rifles, I would like to relay our sincere condolences to the family and loved ones of Corporal Nolan Caribou," said Lieutenant Colonel Sean Moran, Commanding Officer, Royal Winnipeg Rifles in a statement. "We are saddened by the loss of this soldier, who was a valued member of the Royal Winnipeg Rifles."
The Shilo base is located about 35 kilometres east of Brandon and 205 kilometres west of Winnipeg. The training area covers almost 40,000 hectares.
According to its website, the base's mission is to enable success of training, operations and force generation activities.
Saddened to hear tragic news of the death of a Winnipeg reservist at CFB Shilo. Coming the week after Remembrance Day, we are reminded again of the courage of all our armed forces and the risks they take for our security. My condolences to the family and friends. #mbpoli #cdnpoli
— Brian Pallister (@Brian_Pallister) November 19, 2017
A death in the Canadian Forces family is one felt deeply by all. Our priority is the family at this time. As an investigation is ongoing, we cannot comment further at this time.
— Harjit Sajjan (@HarjitSajjan) November 19, 2017
ManitobaArmySoldierShilo


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#ifndef TENSORFLOW_COMPILER_XLA_SERVICE_LLVM_IR_FUSED_IR_EMITTER_H_
#define TENSORFLOW_COMPILER_XLA_SERVICE_LLVM_IR_FUSED_IR_EMITTER_H_

#include <utility>

#include "absl/container/flat_hash_map.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Value.h"
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/elemental_ir_emitter.h"
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_instruction.h"
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/statusor.h"

namespace xla {

// FusedIrEmitter is used to generate code for fusion nodes.
//
// Unlike IrEmitter and its ilk, which directly create LLVM IR in an LLVM
// Module, FusedIrEmitter is better understood as "IR generator generator".
// FusedIrEmitter recursively creates a generator (a host function) which the
// compiler can invoke at a later time.  Invoking the generator emits LLVM IR
// that, when run, produces the value at a particular index of the output.
//
// After building this generator, the compiler creates a loop (or its moral
// equivalent, e.g. a GPU kernel) and calls the generator from within the loop.
// This generates code that produces each element of the output.
//
// This class handles both vanilla fusion and multi-output fusion.  In the MOF
// case, the fusion node ends with a kTuple instruction, and the generator
// created produces an LLVM struct with N elements, one for each element of the
// arrays in the tuple.  It follows that the arrays in the tuple must have the
// same length.
class FusedIrEmitter {
 public:
  using IndexedGenerator = llvm_ir::ElementGenerator;

  explicit FusedIrEmitter(ElementalIrEmitter& elemental_emitter)
      : elemental_emitter_(elemental_emitter) {}

  void BindGenerator(const HloInstruction& instruction,
                     llvm_ir::ElementGenerator generator) {
    indexed_generators_[&instruction] = std::move(generator);
  }

  // Returns the generator function for the given instruction.
  StatusOr<IndexedGenerator> GetGenerator(const HloInstruction& instruction);

 private:
  StatusOr<IndexedGenerator> CreateGenerator(const HloInstruction& instruction);
  StatusOr<IndexedGenerator> DefaultAction(const HloInstruction& instruction);
  IndexedGenerator HandleConstant(const HloInstruction& constant);
  StatusOr<IndexedGenerator> HandleTuple(const HloInstruction& tuple);

  ElementalIrEmitter& elemental_emitter_;

  // Map from instructions to functions that generate code for the output
  // elements. If an instruction is a GetTupleElement instruction, the
  // instruction produces non-tuple result.
  absl::flat_hash_map<const HloInstruction*, IndexedGenerator>
      indexed_generators_;

  // Cache of generated values, lest we regenerate an element of a node with
  // multiple outgoing edges.
  // Use instruction and index values as the key.
  using ValueCacheKey =
      std::pair<const HloInstruction*, std::vector<llvm::Value*>>;
  absl::flat_hash_map<ValueCacheKey, llvm::Value*> value_cache_;
};

}  // namespace xla

#endif  // TENSORFLOW_COMPILER_XLA_SERVICE_LLVM_IR_FUSED_IR_EMITTER_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Below you'll find a few categories I would love to receive items from. For more information and links to individual items, you can find my Amazon Wish List Here.
I dream of having enough shoes to fill my entire wardrobe. I'd love any pair of heels in size US/AUS 7 or EURO 38!
My home is filled with Glasshouse Candles! I have listed a few of my favourites below but would be more than happy with any flavour of Glasshouse soaps, lotions or candles.
If you're having trouble deciding.. I adore much of the clothing at David Jones, Honey Birdette and Lorna Jane. I am always looking for opportunities to expand my wardrobe!
I love my gadgets! Whether I be in the gym, touring or on holidays - I am always tinkering and love having toys to keep me company.
I am particularly fond of the Elemis' body oils and exfoliants. Anything in the bath and body range is sure to make me a happy girl.


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Hardback 2008
Imprint: Penguin Classics
Ros Ballaster (Introducer)
Tony Tanner (Preface by)
Amazon Waterstones Hive
Sense and Sensibility is Jane Austen's first published work, meticulously constructed and sparkling with her unique wit. This Penguin Classics edition is edited with an introduction by Ros Ballaster, University of Oxford
Marianne Dashwood wears her heart on her sleeve, and when she falls in love with the dashing but unsuitable John Willoughby she ignores her sister Elinor's warning that her impulsive behaviour leaves her open to gossip and innuendo. Meanwhile Elinor, always sensitive to social convention, is struggling to conceal her own romantic disappointment, even from those closest to her. Through their parallel experience of love - and its threatened loss - the sisters learn that sense must mix with sensibility if they are to find personal happiness in a society where status and money govern the rules of love.
This edition also includes explanatory notes and textual variants between first and second edition.
Jane Austen (1775-1817) was extremely modest about her own genius but has become one of English literature's most famous women writers. Austen began writing at a young age, embarking on what is possibly her best-known work, Pride and Prejudice, at the age of 22. She was the author of Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Emma, Persuasion, Mansfield Park and Northanger Abbey.
The Jane Austen BBC Radio Drama Collection
The Beautifull Cassandra
Jane Austen: The Complete Works
Sense and Sensibility (Vintage Classics Austen Series)
Pride and Prejudice (Vintage Classics Austen Series)
Persuasion (Vintage Classics Austen Series)
Emma (Vintage Classics Austen Series)
Mansfield Park (Vintage Classics Austen Series)
Northanger Abbey (Vintage Classics Austen Series)
Sense and Sensibility (Penguin Classics Deluxe Edition)
Jane Austen, the daughter of a clergyman, was born in Hampshire in 1775, and later lived in Bath and the village of Chawton. As a child and teenager, she wrote brilliantly witty stories for her family's amusement, as well as a novella, Lady Susan. Her first published novel was Sense and Sensibility, which appeared in 1811 and was soon followed by Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park and Emma. Austen died in 1817, and Persuasion and Northanger Abbey were published posthumously in 1818.
A bow and a curtsy: How Jane Austen's age of social distancing reflects our own
Miss Austen author Gill Hornby on how fear of contagion informed the manners and mores of the Regency.
Jane Austen Quotes
English darling of literature Jane Austen is best known for her novels, including Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility and Emma. Her incredible writing is known for its humour, realism and irony and has been adored by readers around the globe since her untimely death aged 41 in 1887. Here are ten Austen quotes that capture her perfectly.


[origin: EP0958833A1] The invention relates to methods and means for preventing, treating or reducing inflammation by inhibiting proteolytic activity, more specifically for preventing or reducing inflammations of skin or intestine. The invention provides a method for reducing or preventing an inflammation comprising subjecting a mammal to a treatment with at least one inhibitor which is capable of inhibiting proteolytic activity. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said inhibitor is a plant product, such as potato juice or an inhibitor derived thereof.


text:
Q: Determining the principal moment(s) of inertia and KE of a cuboid I am a bit perplexed with regards rotations about a certain axis.
Say we have a cuboid with lengths $l_1$, $l_2$, $l_3$ (not a cube, so $l_1$ does not equal $l_2$ does not equal $l_3$). I am okay with determining the inertia tensor matrix about the centre of mass and about a corner of the body (of constant density, I should add), but am perplexed as to how you go about calculating the inertia tensor, and subsequently the kinetic energy, for a rotation about the long diagonal that goes through a corner and the centre of mass. Oddly, I can't find information online concerning rotations about this particular axis, other than for a cube (which is somewhat simpler).
Any guidance would be appreciated.

A: Is is not that difficult to integrate, it is more difficult to find the perpendicular distance $r_\perp$ from a point $(x,y,z)$ of the cuboid to the space diagonal of the cuboid.
For elegance, denote the cuboid lengths as $a,b,c$ and place it into a Cartesian coordinate system with the origin at one vertex such that $x$-axis is along length $a$, $y$-axis is along length $b$ and $z$-axis is along length $c$.
Say we are interested in the space diagonal from the origin $(0,0,0)$ to the point $(a,b,c)$. Now we need to recall that the distance of point $A$ from the line from $B$ to $C$ is given by
$$d(A,BC) = \frac{\|\vec{BA} \times \vec{BC}\|}{\|\vec{BC}\|} = \frac{\|(A-B) \times (C-B)\|}{\|C-B\|}.$$
In our case, we are interested in the distance from $(x,y,z)$ to the space diagonal, which is
$$r_\perp = \frac{\|(x,y,z) \times (a,b,c)\|}{\|(a,b,c)\|} = \frac{(bx-ay)^2+(az-cx)^2+(cy-bz)^2}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}}.$$
Now the moment of inertia is simply
\begin{align}
I_{\text{diag}} &= \int_{\text{cuboid}}r_\perp^2\,dm \\
&= \frac{m}{abc}\int_{\text{cuboid}} r_\perp^2\,dV \\
&= \frac{m}{abc(a^2+b^2+c^2)} \int_{x=0}^a \int_{y=0}^b\int_{z=0}^c (bx-ay)^2+(az-cx)^2+(cy-bz)^2\, dz\,dy\,dx\\
&= \frac16m\frac{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}
\end{align}
To verify that this result is indeed correct, we can proceed by the usual route as suggested in the comments. The moment inertia tensor of the cuboid around its center of mass is
$$\mathbf{I} = \frac{m}{12}\begin{bmatrix} b^2+c^2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & a^2+c^2 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & a^2+b^2\end{bmatrix}$$
and the moment of inertia around an axis with unit vector $\hat{n}$ through the center of mass is given by $\mathbf{I}\hat{n}\cdot \hat{n}$. In our case, the space diagonal has vector $\hat{n} = \frac{(a,b,c)}{\|(a,b,c)\|} = \frac{(a,b,c)}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}}$ so
$$I_{\text{diag}} = \mathbf{I}\hat{n}\cdot \hat{n} = \frac{m}{12}\frac1{a^2+b^2+c^2}((b^2+c^2)a^2+(a^2+c^2)b^2+(a^2+b^2)c^2) = \frac16m\frac{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}$$
which is of course the same result.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


ISTAF Berlin is one of the world's long-standing and most visited athletics meeting. More than 50,000 spectators regularly visit the annually held major sport event in Berlin's Olympic Stadium – altogether, more than two million visitors have flocked through the stadium gates. Amongst many other athletic top performances and personal bests, spectators have been treated to 16 world records so far.
The ISTAF story began July 3rd, 1921 when the sport clubs 'Berliner SC'; 'SC Charlottenburg' and 'Schwimm Club Poseidon' hosted an international competition between German and international athletes in the former Grunewald stadium for the very first time, naming it 'ISTAF'. 20,000 spectators experienced exciting competitions which during that time still included swimming contests.
The ISTAF as we know it today was developed in March 1937, when the 'Berliner SC' (BSC), the 'Deutscher Sport-Club' (DSC, former OSC) as well as SC Charlottenburg (SCC) jointly organized the first 'International Stadium Festival' (ISTAF). On August 1st 1937, one year after the Olympic Games in Berlin, the ISTAF experienced its first major success, when two world and one European record could be witnessed by an audience of 85,000.
Since then, more than 70 International Stadium Festivals have taken place in the Olympic Stadium, the Mommsenstadion as well as the Deutschlandhalle. In 1940, between 1943 and 1948 as well as 1950 and 1951, the meeting had to be cancelled, due to World War II and post-war conditions. Due to the terrorist attack on the Israeli team during the Olympic Games in Munich, the ISTAF had to be called off in 1972 and 1973 as well.
Subsequently, the ISTAF became established among the world's leading athletics meetings. During the 1980s it was part of the IAAF Grand Prix series, followed by the Golden Four series during the 90s. From 1998 to 2002, the ISTAF served as final station of the Golden League.
Due to reconstruction works at Berlin's Olympic Stadium in preparation for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, in 2002 and 2003 the ISTAF was hosted at the sold-out Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahnsportpark. It still benefits from the high spirits surrounding the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin, raising public awareness as well as increasing attendance figures way above 60,000. Additionally, the successful performance of German athletes in international competitions boosted public interest even more.
Since 2010, the ISTAF is part of the IAAF World Challenge. To this day, it shows the world's leading German athletes competing against the best athletes in the world while being supported by companies such as NIKE, Spielbank Berlin as well as DKB.
With the new event ISTAF INDOOR, a modern version was added 2014 under the roof of the multi-purpose Mercedes-Benz Arena. At the same time, the traditional ISTAF has been extensively modernized - known as the concept "ISTAF 3.0". Static advertising boards made way for contemporary digital LED-perimeter displays; athletes are impressively presented by show elements such as music, light as well as pyrotechnics. This particular new concept not only attracts new audiences but serves as a model for the upcoming 2018 European Championship in Athletics in Berlin as well as other track and field events due to its innovative solutions and pioneering concept.
The 78th ISTAF will take place on September 1th, 2018 in the Olympic Stadium Berlin.


Halogen lamps are an incandescent lamp that have a small amount of a halogen such as iodine or bromine added. The combination of the halogen gas and the tungsten filament produces a chemical reaction which redeposits evaporated tungsten back onto the filament, increasing its life and maintaining clarity.
Halogen lamps can operated at higher temperatures than a standard gas-filled lamp of similar power and operating life, producing light of a higher luminous efficacy and colour temperature.


text:
Chatham girls hockey extends opportunities to new players, plus updated rankings
The Chatham girls hockey team has a new partner. The Cougars have teamed up with Millburn to form a co-op. It's a new sport for the Millers, and an opportunity for Chatham to keep its program alive.
The co-op is set for two seasons.
"We were able to sustain our program, and Millburn had the opportunity to offer girls ice hockey," Cougars athletic director Mo Abdelaziz said. "We hope the numbers grow in Millburn and the numbers continue to grow here, and we're able to sustain our own program."
The Cougars had played independently for two seasons. But significant graduation losses left Chatham with only a handful of players.
Cougars junior defender Kate Romano, last year's leading scorer with 12 goals and four assists, is helping the young squad grow. There are three Millburn freshmen — Ella Chang, Ali Chang and Sydney Sparks — with more possibly joining the program soon. There are also girls on the existing Millburn hockey team, which has had recent success in the Kelly Cup and NJSIAA Tournament.
Chatham and Millburn are sharing the cost, with student-athletes also contributing.
Flashback! NJ hockey all-star game, tournament celebrates girls' growth
Chatham girls hockey began as a co-op, teaming up with Madison for its varsity launch in 2016 — the same year as the Randolph girls' debut. About two-thirds of the inaugural "Chatison" roster were Madison student-athletes.
Two years later, Chatison lost to Kent Place in the first Morris-Union Girls Ice Hockey League final. That league's membership has morphed and grown, spawning a statewide championship in 2019-20, won by Morristown-Beard.
The NJSIAA will sponsor its first girls state hockey tournament this winter, to be played alongside the boys' finals March 7 at the Prudential Center.
Pope John
Morristown-Beard


text:
Children's Hearings
Date: 12th January 2011
Category: General measures of implementation
Legislation to strengthen and modernise Scotland's unique children's hearings system, and improve the way it supports vulnerable children, has been given Royal Assent.
Children's Minister Adam Ingram said the announcement means roll out of the key reforms within the new Children's Hearings (Scotland) Act, including the abolition of Scotland's 32 local children's panels, will be completed this year.
These panels are being replaced with a single national panel, supported by the new body - Children's Hearings Scotland, responsible for the recruitment and training of the country's 2,500 local panel members. This move is designed to modernise and streamline the system, deliver greater national consistency and lead to better informed decisions for children.
Once in place, these changes will also mean that the number of public bodies in Scotland has been reduced by more than 25 per cent since October 2007.
Adam Ingram, Minister for Children and Early Years, said:
"I am delighted that the Children's Hearings Bill - which introduces some major reforms to Scotland's children's hearings system and the way it supports and protects our most vulnerable children - has now passed its last legislative hurdle and become an Act.
"The measures we have put in place, such as the creation of a new national body to recruit, train and support local panel members, are designed to further strengthen our unique Children's Hearings system. These changes ensure that our volunteer panel members - the life blood of that system - are given the best training and support possible to raise national standards and help get children's lives back on track.
"To help ensure a smooth transition from the current arrangements to the new system - both for new and existing panel members and importantly our children who rely on the system - I've decided that we should seek to implement the new legislation, including the replacement of the local panels with the new national panel, by December this year.
"In doing so, we can be certain that implementation is right and not rushed - a key consideration given the future of vulnerable children is at stake here."
Read the latest newsletter about the reform of the Children's Hearings System here.
Together is an alliance of Scottish children's charities that improves the awareness, understanding and implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. We do this by: promoting the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child; helping children's organisations to integrate the Convention into their work; monitoring and reporting on the progress made at a Scottish, UK and UN level.
Website by Ministry Design
©Copyright Together Scotland 2021. Charity Reg No. SC029403 Company No. SC199725
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If you need to save some time to do other things, daily meal delivery Adelaide can be a perfect choice. These companies are equipped to bring you a hot meal in less than an hour, and they will warrant that it has a remarkable flavor. It is with that thought in mind you will want to spare a few minutes to look at the benefits that you can have when you order food from one of these services in Adelaide.
You need to know that there is a significant amount of quality in this food. Usually, these companies will cook their meals with fresh vegetables, meats and fruits. This means that when you order from them, you are certain that you will give your family meal that is of a greater quality and it will also satisfy them as it flavors fresh at the same time. While you do this, it is always a nice idea to have a look at the health service reports in your area. This will help you to see if there are some violations that you need to be concerned about.
The next benefit of meal delivery in Adelaide is the fact that these companies provide you and your family with some options. Despite the fact that you would have to spend hours in your kitchen cooking recipes for your family, the delivery company you pick can have all your meals finished and delivered at the same time. The cooking is done without you having to step into the kitchen. Something which you may want to ponder over is ordering various items every time till you find a dish that becomes a family favorite.
This takes up another significant concept. Most of the people are totally drained after work, and they don't want to devote their hours cooking. Through the meal delivery service you pick, it will be probable for you to get the dinner you want, without spending hours to make it. This means you can order your meal before you leave work and can get it delivered a little after you get home and then your family will have an enjoyable meal without having to wait at all.
There is no easier approach to dinner than the daily meal delivery Adelaide service. It will be important that you think through all the different choices you have. Then only continue to find a location of the company that your entire family will love and also which fits in your budget. Probabilities are that there will be rather few choices there and each member is going to have one dish that stands out.
We need to send or give someone special a unique gift whenever an occasion comes up, and fresh cut flowers are one item that most people think of buying on most of the occasions as a gift. There are a lot of ways of buying flowers with tall stems, and one of the most popular ways is buying golden grove flowers online. You can find so many places on the web where you can find all kinds of flowers for every occasion and can buy according to your need and choice.
Most of the web stores usually have a catalog of the available bulk flowers so you can look at these before placing an order. You can choose to buy wholesale flowers online as seasonal arrangements, special holiday gifts and even get well wedding flower arrangements.
You will be able to see a variety of flower arrangements that are available on a web store by browsing through a website, and you can even look at the different flowers that are available for you to buy. This includes calla lilies, roses, hydrangeas, sunflowers, gerbera daisies, orchids and more. It is also important to make a little comparison before buying flowers online. You should look at some online flower stores before making the final decision.
Most of these online flower stores will have a huge selection of flowers for you to choose from. From their stocks, you can look at different lilies, daisies, orchids, asters, tulips, roses, and others. You can sometimes buy flowers online in arrangements with classic collectibles like ceramic frogs or fairies.
You can also find seasonal floral arrangements where summer fruits are mixed in with spectacular flowers that you will find in the summer months. There are some places where you can buy flowers online that show festive moods. For instance, you can purchase a floral basket that has mini Easter eggs or candy canes as a part of the floral decor. All of these arrangements are possible when you buy flower arrangements online. There are different flowers that you can buy for different occasions like Valentine's Day, Mother's Day or Christmas.
The best way of buying golden grove flowers online is to look the several different online florists and find one that can provide you with the floral arrangements of your choice. This way you will be assured of a gift that will reflect your feelings whether for a wedding or Valentine's Day. Searching online for reputable flower delivery companies will be an added advantage since you will have a chance to see the customers reactions on different companies. Select a company with positive customer feedbacks and reviews. You can also count on family and friends for the recommendation because they will always wish the best for you.
Some renters who are looking for apartments are not satisfied with the limited amount of space that is provided by a studio or one-bedroom unit. Certain two-bedroom layouts might seem like they have more room but are the same size as other units just with a more highly divided floor plan. One option that is available is a luxury two-bedroom apartment that is designed to provide a spacious interior that has enough rooms and windows to allow for a comfortable lifestyle. There are several reasons why a couple or individual would want to consider luxury two bedroom Adelaide rentals.
Tenants who are expecting to have friends and family staying over at the apartment for one or more nights will benefit from the second bedroom that a luxury space provides. A guest room is easy to arrange and will make visitors feel at home in a mostly private space. Another option is to create a guest room with a futon or other convertible piece of furniture so that the area can be used when guests are not staying over. Other residents might want to turn the second bedroom into a study, home office or game room.
Families that have children often consider a luxury two-bedroom apartment because of the extra bathroom space that is provided. Some floor plans include a complete second bathroom while others have a half-bath installed in a convenient location. This means that adults and children will have full access to the facilities at all times of the day. Some other layouts have a single larger bathroom that is more comfortable for children to use. Additionally, the amount of room that is dedicated to the kitchen cooking area and sometimes the dining room will make a difference when eating together as a family.
Even individuals who do not have children will benefit from the extra space inside of the luxury two bedroom Adelaide rentals apartment when pets are involved. Some luxury rental properties happily accept dogs and cats. A two-bedroom apartment will give pets the ability to walk around freely and to have separate areas for playing, eating and sleeping during the day. Larger pet accessories like beds, scratching posts and even sizable bird cages will all fit easily into the different rooms so that owners and pets can coexist without feeling cramped. A few luxury communities even have specific outdoor areas available for tenants that allow pets to have some outdoor activity directly on the grounds without disturbing other residents.
Retaining a club always appears frustrating for every new business owner. Those who produce alcohol through their bars, pubs or restaurants need to remain alert about the changing rules and regulations on liquor licenses. The red tape affairs involved with buying and selling of alcohol costs time and cash for all. Additionally, to this comes the series of the usual method that every business owner needs to go through for obtaining the liquor license.
There is also frustrating issues connected with the liquor license. For that reason, if you'd like to avoid the difficulties while obtaining liquor licenses in SA then read through.
When should the application for liquor license be made?
The process of application for a liquor license and issuance of the same is a long drawn one. Sometimes, the process may take some time. Thus, it is highly recommended that applications need to be made much before you begin the business.
How much does it cost to file the application?
The basic process of producing the application for liquor license requirements fixed fee. Some taxes might be added on this. Overall, the primary price comes within a few 100 dollars only.
Are there any additional charges involved for issuing a liquor license?
Yes, besides the basic application expense and taxes an applicant might need to pay extraneous brokerage charges. As there is a limit on the number of issued liquor licenses, the applicant might need to buy a few licenses from other bar owners. This involves extra cash involvement. Right now it does not need much mentioning that it'll require further money.
Can a liquor license be obtained through bidding?
Yes. In conditions whenever the number of aspirants who require liquor license increases, that city gets the legal authority to issue the same. The method is started through the city government, and bidding is done. The bidders who make the highest bid obtain the first chance to obtain the issued liquor licenses.
What is the validity time of liquor license?
Normally, a liquor license remains valid for just one year. A new license has to be issued after this time. However, if a bar owner retains a good relationship with the local agency, then he can enjoy the opportunity of renewal of the existing license. The individual requires to paying a nominal fee for the renewal of the liquor license.
If you need a quick liquor permit, contact consultants liquor licensing SA for quick results. The professionals will do all the paper paperwork for you, and you will have all the time to concentrate on other things. The best thing about professionals is that have the knowledge and experience required to ease the process.
There are so many reasons why it is suggested to approach a makeup artist for your wedding day rather than depending on your makeup expertise. You might be good and proficient in applying cosmetics on a daily basis, but the everyday look will not make you shine on your wedding day. The bridal makeup does not mean making it look heavier than the usual version, but offering a natural looking blend makeup that is suitable for the video. This kind of makeup is achieved with the help of professional products and techniques. If your wedding day is drawing near, then you can consider hiring a reliable Makeup Artist. To make your search for the right artist easier, you can look for the following qualities.
People usually assume that the every person labeled as a makeup artist has the talent to give you that alluring bridal look. But, not everyone is professional, and not everyone can ensure about providing the satisfying results. To expect the best from your makeup expert, make sure to consider the level of professional skill of the individual. The one you choose for your makeup needs should have a good experience in this field. Professional MarionLee.com.au – makeup Adelaide can help you offer a gorgeous look using the most appropriate techniques and applying the perfect colors and textures that compliment your skin type and skin tone.
When considering a makeup professional, it would be a good idea to take a look at their portfolio of bridal images. This will help you get an idea about the reliability of the professional. It is important that the artist is capable of offering you a look that goes best with your gown, hairstyle, and the color of our bouquet.
Make sure that the one you are hiring has an attitude that put you at ease. The makeup expert should make you feel comfortable so that you do not need to face any stress on your wedding day. The artist should meet you previously to discuss everything regarding your bridal makeup.
There are many professional beauty salons available in the market that you can approach for your makeup needs easily. If you are looking for a Makeup Artist in Adelaide, then you do not need to worry. There are many reputed makeup professionals available in the Adelaide, and you can simply get I touch with one of them, and can get excellent services with ease.
MarionLee.com.au – makeup Adelaide is one of the best makeup service providers. They have qualified experts who have been in this field for a good number of years and hence have gained a lot of experience. Their services are very professional and affordable. The experts will always make sure you have the best look. Be it a wedding day, a birthday party or any other event. They are always there for your service. Contact them and have that stunning professional look.


Be aware that some dogs will never be suited to having a feline companion Before you begin your search for your new pet, understand that some dogs are hardwired to have a prey-drive, meaning they will inherently chase other animals or humans (or Roombas, or lawnmowers, or remote controlled cars…) that are smaller than them. If an adult dog already lives the house that is a Siberian Husky, Beagle, or Border Collie, a cat may never fit into the household. However, if the dog is socialized to cats from a very young age, this problem can be minimized.
When you first bring home the new pet, rotate giving each animal its freedom. Place the resident animal in a crate or other room, and allow the new dog or cat to explore the house while getting used to the resident pet's scent. If the resident animal is an adult male dog, be aware that he may try to mark any area where the new cat has been. Continue to separate the animals until both are calm and living their lives normally (i.e. eating, using the litter box, etc.).
To avoid an accident, leash the dog the first time it is introduced to the cat. Look for signs of the dog being overly focused or interested in the cat, such as lunging, barking, or pulling at the leash. It is normal for the dog to want to investigate the feline, but exercise caution when the dog is sniffing at the cat. Be aware of the dog's body language, and keep a vigilant watch to ensure he does not curl his lips, raise his tail, or raise his hackles (the fur that runs along his spine). If you notice these signs, immediately separate the animals. Warning signs that the cat may be stressed include hissing, back arching, and clawing at the dog. Provide plenty of positive praise for good behavior from both animals. Continue to keep the dog leashed until he and the cat both behave calmly around one another.
Even if the dog is not a breed that is known to be incompatible with cats, realize that either the dog or cat may decide an interspecies household is not going to happen. If the dog continually tries to chase the cat, intensely watches the cat's every move, or does not heed the owner's commands in the cat's presence, the dog is likely not feline compatible. If the cat attacks a calm and quiet dog, this cat is not good with canines. Additionally, if either animal changes eating, drinking, or bathroom habits since introduction of the new pet, seek professional help, as that animal is unhappy about the new living situation.


text:
Sean Patrick Byrne (23 August 1955 – 11 August 2003) was an association football player who played as a defender. Born in Ireland, he represented the New Zealand national team at international level.

Byrne made his full All Whites debut in a 2–1 win over Fiji on 18 October 1984  and ended his international playing career with five A-international caps to his credit, his final cap an appearance in a 5–1 win over Taiwan on 5 October 1985.

References

External links

1955 births
2003 deaths
New Zealand association footballers
Association football defenders
New Zealand international footballers
League of Ireland players
St Patrick's Athletic F.C. players

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


NOAA, in cooperation with the University of St. Thomas and the Chinese Academy of Scientists, revealed that the latest water temperature showed that ocean warming on Earth has increased by 13 percent.
There are four theories about Proxima B, the potentially habitable planet and that three of those theories suggest that there could be large oceans in the exoplanet.
The Black Sea's upper layers are oxygenated and historically teeming with sea life, but in recent years global warming has drastically affected its inhabitability.
Global warming is still a fear that will cause mass extinction as a study shows that it destroyed the world 252 million years ago.
Earlier this year, images surfaced of toxic algal blooms in Florida, caused by pollution dumped in a lake, making people sick, but there are other issues in the Ocean that are damaging our health.
A newly discovered bacteria is capable of making dead zones deader by depleting the amount of nitrogen in oxygen minimum zones.
The unprecedented outbreak has caused skin and throat irritation to residents who said they can smell the "God awful" algae even inside their houses.
Scientists have discovered carcinogenic man-made pollutants in marine organisms living up to 10,000 metres deep on the world's deepest ocean trenches.
These creatures have existed for over a hundred million years. What are some simple things that we can do as individuals to ensure they last for a hundred million more?
A Florida brewery made a significant innovation that could save, protect and even feed marine life: edible six-pack rings for beer made out of by-products of beer production.
A recent study suggests that manta rays may be self-aware as they reportedly waved at themselves and changed their behavior when in front of a mirror.
Based on current rates of ocean acidification, scientists predict oceans will be much quieter in the future -- making it more difficult for baby fish, who rely on auditory cues as a primary method of navigation, to find their way home.
Although oxygen build-up on Earth and in its oceans took longer than previously thought, it provided the essential burst of energy for animal growth on life, says a new study.


text:
Stricter tests on imports from China for contamination
Filed under: Uncategorized — malaysianmedicine @ 8:47 am
Star: PETALING JAYA: More stringent checks are being conducted on made-in-China food products imported here following the alarming number of such items being found contaminated with health risk agents globally.
The Health Ministry's Food Quality and Safety Division has stepped up surveillance and is carrying out more extensive tests on all new Chinese products that require approvals to be imported here.
"More stringent tests are being conducted to ensure the quality and safety of these products for local consumption," division director Dr Abdul Rahim Mohamad said.
He said random tests were also being carried out on Chinese products that had already been granted permission to be imported here to ensure the quality and safety standards had not deteriorated.
"More such tests had been done in the past months as the number of tainted and contaminated food items from China reported globally has escalated," he said.
Malaysia imported about RM58bil worth of food products from China last year. Malaysia is the third largest buyer of China-made products.
Dr Abdul Rahim said the division has also ordered all its state offices, particularly in Sabah, to check the White Rabbit brand milk candy after reports in the Philippines that samples were tainted with formaldehyde, a preservative and embalming chemical that can cause cancer.
However, AP reported that China has resumed shipments of candy to the Philippines after tests by the Chinese government showed the chemical was not present in the product.
According to Shanghai-based candy manufacturer Guan Shen Yuan Company, distributors in Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong had performed their own tests and found the confection to be formaldehyde-free.
The worldwide scares have involved poisonous pet food ingredients, toxic fish, industrial chemicals and dye found in biscuits, candies, pickles, seafood, meat and toothpaste.
In the past months, Hong Kong and Singapore health authorities had warned their residents about the danger of Chinese products.
Singapore Agri-Food and Veterinary Services (AVS) warned Singaporeans against buying salted duck and century eggs from China, which were said to be contaminated with dangerous cancer-causing Sudan dyes.
AVS also suspended the importation of canned fried dace with salted black beans and frozen prepared eel from China. The products were found to contain Malachite green, a type of chemical used as a dye.
Tests by the Hong Kong Centre for Food Safety had also found that some Chinese seafood products including Bombay-duck (a type of fish), were found with cancer-causing agents nitrofurans and formaldehyde.


Agriculture and Forestry University, dean office, Rampur Chitwan announces new admissions for Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (B.Sc Ag) for the academic year 2074/2075.
Candidates willing to seat for entrance examination are requested to fill the online form with Marksheet, Character certificate, Citizenship photocopy and passport size photos.
Minimum eligibility for admission: After passing SLC or equivalent examination, the candidate must have passed I.Sc (Science/Agriculture), 10+2 Science/Agriculture or equivalent examination and studied English, Chemistry, Biology of 100 marks each and Physics & Mathematics of 50 marks each and secured at least 50%. Students who do not fulfill this eligibility requirement will not be allowed to take part in the examination.
Entrance exam form distribution and submission: 2074 Ashoj 22 to 2074 Kartik 17.
Entrance examination center: Dean office, Agriculture faculty, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal and other places will be fixed later.
Tribhuvan University, Examination controller office, Balkhu today publishes an examination schedule for the upcoming examination of 3/4 years B.Sc, B.Ed and BBS (Both 3 years and 4 years program).The examination will be conducted in two shift: Morning & Day.
Day Shift (1 pm to 4 pm): 4 years BBS, B.Ed, B.Sc and 3 years BBS 1st year-2074.
The examination will start from Bhadra 04 and end on 27th Bhadra.
Tribhuvan University, Institute of Science and Technology, Dean office, Examination Department, Kirtipur published the results of B.Sc CSIT program, 4th year, 8th semester 2069 regular and partial examination of previous batches.
The B.Sc CSIT 8th semester examination was held on semester system in 2073 Magh/Falgun.
Tribhuvan University, Institute of Science and Technology, Examination Department today publishes the examination center notice for upcoming examination of Masters of Science (M.Sc) Second year partial examination which is going to start from Chaitra 18, 2073.


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Controversial Vegan Ad Slamming Cow's Milk Escapes Censor's Wrath
A UK ad for a group called Go Vegan World that inferred farmers mistreated their animals has escaped a ban after regulators said its message "humane milk is a myth" was not misleading.
The ad featured in a number of prominent UK newspapers and came with the smaller text: "I went vegan the day I visited a dairy. The mothers, still bloody from birth, searched and called frantically for their babies.
"Their daughters, fresh from their mothers' wombs but separated from them, trembled and cried piteously, drinking milk from rubber teats on the wall instead of their mothers' nurturing bodies. All because humans take their milk."
The UK's Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) received a number of complaints about the ad, primarily from dairy farmers who said the ad did not reflect animal welfare on a diary farmers.
However, ASA rejected claims that the advert was "misleading" readers into thinking farms did not comply with animal welfare standards.
Clearing the ad, ASA said it understood the complainants concerns the ad inferred a number of dairy farms did not comply with animal welfare standards in place in the UK and milk production was therefore "inhumane" in that sense.
ASA concluded: "We understood that Defra recommended that calves should be kept with their mothers for at least 12 and preferably 24 hours after birth.
Advertising Standards Bureau INDEPTH


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Q: Meta-analysis of correlated responses using metafor package I would like to perform a meta-analysis on data gathered from multiple studies. Assume that the data contains multiple correlated outcomes of interest, but that not all studies have the outcome in question. For example, such a dataset could be generated as follows (note that I have simplified the model to keep the code brief):
set.seed(8)

# get simulated effect size and variance of outcome
get.df <- function(z, x, u)
{
  v <- apply(x, 2, var)
  d <- (colMeans(x) - u)/v
  return(data.frame(study = 1:ncol(x), outcome = z, d = d, v = v))
}

# simulate multiple experiments with correlated outcomes
f <- function(n, u)
{
  x1 <- replicate(n, rnorm(100, mean = u + 1, sd = 0.75))
  x2 <- 0.1 - x1[, 1:(n - 2)] # negatively correlated
  x3 <- x1[, 1:(n - 1)] * 1.3 # positively correlated
  res <- mapply(get.df, z = LETTERS[1:3], x = list(x1, x2, x3), u = u, SIMPLIFY = FALSE)
  return(rbind(res$A, res$B, res$C))
}

res <- f(5, 2)

> res
   study outcome          d         v
1      1       A   1.421154 0.6544090
2      2       A   1.552706 0.6423655
3      3       A   2.277247 0.3931349
4      4       A   1.433224 0.6815152
5      5       A   1.587405 0.5972025
6      1       B  -7.380729 0.6544090
7      2       B  -7.624016 0.6423655
8      3       B -12.197506 0.3931349
9      1       C   1.635715 1.1059512
10     2       C   1.747080 1.0855977
11     3       C   2.654802 0.6643979
12     4       C   1.623422 1.1517607

It is not clear to me how I can set up the metafor package to perform an analysis of such a dataset.

A: It depends on what kind of model you actually want to fit. But let's assume you want a model that allows for different average true effects and different amounts of heterogeneity for each outcome. In addition, the underlying true effects for the different outcomes are likely to be correlated, so we also want to allow for that.
Such a model can be fitted with:
rma.mv(d, v, mods = ~ outcome - 1, random = ~ outcome | study, struct="UN", data=res)

Your way of generating a toy dataset is a bit peculiar, because it essentially assumes that the true correlation between the three outcomes is either 1 (for A and C) or -1 (for A and B and for B and C). So you won't get anything really sensible here with such a model, but real data should not behave this way.
You may also want to read this question (and my answer provided there). In a multivariate meta-analysis, you typically also need to account for the correlation in the sampling errors (in fact, your way of generating the raw data implies that the sampling errors are perfectly correlated). So this is all a bit of a mess here, but I assume this toy dataset is just for illustration purposes and has nothing to do with your actual data.


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Giasone (pronuncia: Giasóne o Giàsone, ) è una figura della mitologia greca.

Figlio di Esone, re di Iolco, e di Alcimede, fu sposo della maga Medea. È noto per essere stato a capo della spedizione degli Argonauti, finalizzata alla conquista del vello d'oro.

Volendo riconquistare il trono di Iolco usurpato al padre Esone dal fratellastro Pelia, Giasone dovrà andare alla conquista del vello d'oro, la pelle dell'ariete dorato che si trova nella Colchide presso il re Eeta, a capo di un gruppo di eroi, gli Argonauti, che formano l'equipaggio della nave Argo. Grazie all'aiuto della maga Medea, figlia di Eeta, riuscirà nell'impresa e, dopo le molte peripezie che caratterizzeranno tutto il viaggio, tornerà a Iolco per reclamare il trono che fu del padre. Morirà trovandosi sulla stessa Argo, ormai fatiscente, a causa di un suo cedimento.

Il mito

I primi anni
Pelia, figlio del dio del mare Poseidone e di Tiro (madre anche di Esone e quindi suo fratellastro), era assetato di potere e ambiva a dominare l'intera Tessaglia. Dopo un'aspra contesa detronizzò Esone, uccidendo tutti i suoi discendenti, ma Alcimede, moglie di Esone, che aveva appena avuto un piccolo di nome Giasone, lo salvò da Pelia, facendo raggruppare le donne intorno al neonato e facendole piangere per far credere che il bambino fosse nato morto. Alcimede mandò il figlio dal centauro Chirone perché badasse alla sua educazione e per sottrarlo alla violenza di Pelia; questi, sempre timoroso che qualcuno potesse usurpargli il trono, consultò un oracolo che lo avvertì di stare attento all'uomo con un solo sandalo.

Molti anni dopo, mentre a Iolco si tenevano dei giochi in onore di Poseidone, arrivò Giasone, che perse uno dei sandali nel fiume Anauro mentre aiutava un'anziana (che era in realtà la dea Era travestita) ad attraversarlo; la donna lo benedisse perché sapeva cosa Pelia gli avrebbe riservato. Quando entrò nella città (l'odierna Volos) fu annunciato come l'uomo con un solo sandalo: Giasone reclamò il trono del padre, ma Pelia gli disse che l'avrebbe ottenuto solo dopo aver conquistato il vello d'oro. Giasone accettò la sfida.

La conquista del vello d'oro

Giasone radunò un gruppo di eroi, noti con l'appellativo di Argonauti dal nome della nave Argo, tra cui figuravano Calaide e Zete, figli di Borea e capaci di volare, Eracle, Ila, Meleagro, Filottete, Peleo, Telamone, Orfeo, Castore e Polluce, Idmone e Mopso, Issione ed Eufemo.

L'isola di Lemno
L'isola di Lemno, situata al largo della costa occidentale dell'Asia Minore, era abitata da donne che avevano ucciso i loro mariti: esse avevano trascurato di venerare Afrodite, la quale le aveva punite rendendole maleodoranti al punto da essere ripudiate dai maschi dell'isola. Gli uomini si erano allora legati a delle concubine provenienti dalla prospiciente terraferma, la Tracia, e le donne, furibonde, uccisero tutti i maschi mentre dormivano. Il re Toante venne salvato dalla figlia Ipsipile, che lo fece fuggire su una piccola nave, e le donne di Lemno vissero per qualche tempo senza uomini con Ipsipile come loro regina.

Durante la visita degli Argonauti, le donne si unirono con loro creando una nuova razza denominata Mini: lo stesso Giasone divenne padre di due gemelli avuti dalla regina. Eracle li spinse a ripartire, disgustato dalla loro ridicolaggine, e restò fuori dai bagordi, fatto strano se si considerano le tante relazioni che ebbe con altre donne.

Cizico
Dopo Lemno gli Argonauti approdarono nella terra abitata dai Dolioni, venendo amichevolmente accolti dal loro giovanissimo re Cizico, che era figlio di un amico defunto di Eracle. Poi ripartirono ma persero l'orientamento, riapprodando nuovamente nello stesso luogo in una notte senza luna; ciò fece sì che Dolioni e Argonauti non si riconoscessero. Cizico e i suoi uomini scambiarono gli Argonauti per pirati e li assalirono ma ebbero la peggio e tra le vittime ci furono lo stesso re e il grande guerriero Artace. Solo all'alba gli Argonauti si resero conto del terribile errore che avevano commesso e non rimase altro da fare che seppellire i Dolioni morti. Clite, la moglie di Cizico, si suicidò per il dolore.

Misia
Quando gli Argonauti giunsero nella Misia, alcuni di essi, tra cui Eracle e il suo servo Ila, andarono in perlustrazione alla ricerca di cibo e acqua. Le ninfe, che abitavano il corso d'acqua da dove si stava rifornendo Ila, furono attratte dal suo bell'aspetto e lo attirarono nel fiume. Eracle udì le sue grida di aiuto e si mise a cercarlo disperatamente: era così intento nella ricerca che lasciò che gli Argonauti ripartissero senza di loro. Di Ila, tuttavia, non si seppe più nulla.

Finea e le Arpie
Giasone giunse quindi alla corte di Finea nella Tracia dove Zeus mandava le Arpie, donne alate, a rubare ogni giorno il cibo del re. Giasone ebbe pietà dello scheletrico sovrano e uccise le Arpie al loro arrivo; in altre versioni, Calaide e Zete le scacciarono. In cambio del favore Finea rivelò a Giasone la posizione della Colchide e come superare le Simplegadi, isole in perenne collisione. Gli Argonauti ripresero dunque il loro cammino.

Le Simplegadi

L'unico modo per raggiungere la Colchide era quello di passare attraverso le Simplegadi, enormi scogli in perenne collisione che stritolavano tutto ciò che passasse attraverso loro. Fineo aveva raccomandato a Giasone di liberare una colomba mentre si avvicinavano a queste isole: se la colomba fosse riuscita a passare avrebbero dovuto remare con tutte le loro forze, mentre se fosse stata stritolata la sorte della spedizione sarebbe stata destinata al fallimento. Giasone liberò la colomba, che riuscì a passare perdendo solo qualche piuma dalla coda: gli Argonauti allora remarono con tutte le loro forze, riuscendo a passare e riportando solo un lieve danno alla poppa della nave. Da quel momento le isole in collisione rimasero unite per sempre, lasciando libero il passaggio.

L'arrivo nella Colchide

Giasone arrivò nella Colchide (sull'attuale costa georgiana del Mar Nero) per conquistare il vello d'oro, che il re Eeta aveva avuto da Frisso. Eeta promise di darlo a Giasone a patto di superare tre prove, ma una volta saputo di cosa si trattava Giasone si disperò. Era ne parlò con Afrodite, la quale chiese al figlio Eros di far innamorare di Giasone la figlia di Eeta, Medea, così da aiutarlo.

Nella prima Giasone doveva arare un campo facendo uso di due tori dalle unghie di bronzo che spiravano fiamme dalle narici e che doveva aggiogare all'aratro. Medea gli diede una pomata che lo protesse dalle fiamme dei tori, consentendogli di superare la prova.

Nella seconda Giasone doveva seminare nel campo appena arato i denti di un drago, i quali, germogliando, generavano un'armata di guerrieri. Ancora una volta Medea istruì Giasone su come poteva fare per avere la meglio: egli lanciò un sasso in mezzo ai guerrieri che, incapaci di capirne la provenienza, si attaccarono tra di loro annientandosi.

Nella terza Giasone doveva sconfiggere il drago insonne che era a guardia del vello d'oro. Gli spruzzò una pozione ricavata da alcune erbe, datagli sempre da Medea: il drago si addormentò ed egli poté conquistare il vello d'oro.

Giasone scappò con l'Argo insieme a Medea, che aveva rapito il fratellino Apsirto. Inseguiti da Eeta, Medea uccise il fratello, lo fece a pezzi e li gettò in acqua: Eeta si fermò a raccoglierli, perdendo di vista la Argo.

Viaggio di ritorno
Sulla via del ritorno Medea profetizzò ad Eufemo, timoniere dell'Argo, che egli un giorno avrebbe regnato sulla Libia, cosa che si verificò attraverso un suo discendente, Battus.

Zeus, per punirli dell'uccisione di Apsirto, inviò una serie di tempeste che mandarono fuori rotta l'Argo: quest'ultima parlò e disse che dovevano purificarsi recandosi da Circe, una ninfa che viveva sull'isola di Eea. Una volta purificati, gli Argonauti ripresero il viaggio verso casa.

Sirene
Chirone aveva raccontato a Giasone che senza l'aiuto di Orfeo gli Argonauti non sarebbero riusciti a superare il luogo abitato dalle sirene, le stesse incontrate da Ulisse. Le Sirene vivevano su tre piccoli isolotti rocciosi e cantavano bellissime melodie che attiravano i naviganti, facendoli schiantare contro gli scogli. Appena Orfeo sentì le loro voci prese la lira e suonò delle melodie ancora più belle e più forti di quelle delle sirene, surclassandole.

Talo
La Argo arrivò quindi nell'isola di Creta, protetta dal gigante di bronzo Talo. Quando la nave cercava di avvicinarsi, Talo scagliava enormi sassi, tenendola alla larga. Il gigante aveva una vena che partiva dal collo e arrivava alla caviglia, tenuta chiusa da un chiodo di bronzo. Medea gli fece un incantesimo: Talo impazzì e rimosse il chiodo, facendo fuoriuscire l'unica vena, e morì dissanguato. L'Argo poté riprendere il suo cammino.

Il ritorno
Medea, usando i suoi poteri magici, convinse le figlie di Pelia che lei era in grado di ringiovanirne il padre tagliandolo a pezzi e bollendolo in un calderone pieno di acqua e erbe magiche. Per dimostrare le sue capacità, Medea operò questa magia su un agnello, che saltò fuori dal calderone. Le ragazze, molto ingenuamente, fecero a pezzi il padre, mettendolo nel calderone e condannandolo così alla morte, dal momento che Medea non aggiunse le erbe magiche. Il figlio di Pelia, Acasto, mandò in esilio Giasone e Medea per l'uccisione del padre e i due si stabilirono a Corinto.

Il tradimento di Giasone e la sua morte
A Corinto, Giasone si innamorò di Glauce (citata anche come Creusa) figlia del re Creonte e la sposò. Quando Medea gli rinfacciò la sua ingratitudine, Giasone replicò che non era lei che doveva ringraziare bensì Afrodite che l'aveva fatta innamorare di lui.

Inferocita con Giasone per essere venuto meno alla promessa di amore eterno, Medea si vendicò dando a Glauce un vestito incantato come dono di nozze e che prese fuoco facendola morire insieme al padre accorso in suo aiuto e uccidendo, inoltre, Mermero e Fere, i due figli che la stessa Medea aveva avuto da Giasone.

Quando quest'ultimo venne a saperlo, Medea era già andata via, in volo verso Atene su un carro mandatole dal nonno, il dio del sole Elio.

In seguito Giasone con l'aiuto di Peleo (il padre di Achille), attaccò e sconfisse Acasto, riconquistando il trono di Iolco.

Avendo disatteso la promessa di fedeltà fatta a Medea, Giasone perse i favori della dea Era e morì solo ed infelice. Mentre dormiva a poppa della ormai fatiscente Argo, rimase ucciso all'istante da un suo cedimento: fu questa la maledizione degli dei per essere venuto meno alla parola data. Secondo una variante l'eroe morì di crepacuore dopo aver appreso la notizia dell'uccisione dei figlioletti.

Letteratura classica

Poemi epici
Sebbene alcuni degli episodi della storia di Giasone risalgano a vecchie leggende, l'opera principale legata a tale personaggio è il poema epico Le Argonautiche di Apollonio Rodio, scritto ad Alessandria nel III secolo a.C.

Un'altra Argonautica è stata scritta in latino da Gaio Valerio Flacco nel I d.C. ed è composta da otto volumi. Il poema si interrompe bruscamente con la richiesta di Medea di accompagnare Giasone nel suo viaggio di ritorno. Non è noto se una parte del poema epico sia andato perduto o se non sia mai stato finito.

Una terza versione è l'Argonautica Orphica, che evidenzia il ruolo di Orfeo nella storia.

Giasone nella letteratura postclassica
Dante Alighieri menziona brevemente Giasone nel XVIII canto della Divina Commedia, dove viene collocato nell'ottavo cerchio dell'inferno (quello dei fraudolenti) e più precisamente nella prima bolgia (quella dei ruffiani e seduttori) per aver sedotto e abbandonato prima Ipsipile e poi Medea, costretto, come tutti gli altri che espiano la sua stessa colpa, a correre nudo sotto le sferzate dei demoni.

Lo stesso Dante menziona nuovamente Giasone nel canto II del Paradiso paragonando l'eccezionale impresa per conquistare il vello d'oro alla propria impresa poetica. Lo ricorderà, ancora una volta, alla fine della terza cantica (Par: XXXIII), per sottolineare lo stupore e la dimenticanza che l'esperienza mistica ingenera in Dante attraverso la visione di Dio, le quali superano addirittura quelle provocate dalla mitica impresa dagli Argonauti.

Vincenzo Monti inaugura il suo 'inno al sig. di Montgolfier' con un peana a Giasone e agli Argonauti paragonando l'audacia delle due imprese, una di navigazione e l'altra di volo.

Tragedia
La storia della vendetta di Medea su Giasone è narrata da Euripide nella sua tragedia Medea e nell'omonima opera di Seneca. Non ci è pervenuta una tragedia con lo stesso titolo composta da Ovidio.

Teatro
 Ubaldo Mari, Giasoneide, o sia la Conquista del Vello d'Oro (Livorno, 1780)

Musica
Il musicista italiano Francesco Cavalli compose il dramma Il Giasone su libretto di Giacinto Andrea Cicognini rappresentato per la prima volta a Venezia nel 1649.

Cinema
Il mito di Giasone e degli Argonauti è stato raccontato più volte sul grande schermo, da I giganti della Tessaglia - Gli argonauti del 1960 diretto da Riccardo Freda a Gli Argonauti (titolo originale Jason and the Argonauts) del 1963 per la regia di Don Chaffey, a Medea del 1969 diretto da Pier Paolo Pasolini, a La cosa d'oro del 1972 diretto da Edgar Reitz, fino al film TV del 2000 Giasone e gli Argonauti per la regia di Nick Willing.

Note

Bibliografia
 Vittorio Sermonti, Inferno, Rizzoli 2001.
 Umberto Bosco e Giovanni Reggio, La Divina Commedia - Inferno, Le Monnier 1988.

Voci correlate
 Amataone
 Armeno (mitologia)

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Argonauti
Personaggi citati nella Divina Commedia (Inferno)
Condottieri mitologici
Principi della mitologia greca
Personaggi tessali della mitologia greca
Caccia di Calidone
Le Argonautiche


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