text:
Max Planck Research Group for Silvia Spezzano
This autumn, Silvia Spezzano will start her new Max Planck Research Group (MPRG) at MPE. Over the next five years, she will study the chemical link in-between different stages of star and planetary system formation, and provide crucial constraints to our astrochemical origins. MPRGs are a key part of support of junior scientists in the Max Planck Society, offering internationally competitive packages for personnel, start-up money, and yearly operating costs.
With her MPRG, Spezzano will try to unveil the chemical link in-between the different stages of star and planetary system formation depicted here. The background spectrum is from interstellar gas and contains many molecular lines.
Credits top: Bill Saxton (NRAO); bottom: MPE
One of the biggest challenges in modern astrophysics is understanding the origins of life on Earth. The gas composing the interstellar medium (ISM) is at the same time the "exhaust" from old stars and galaxies and the material that feeds the birth and growth of new galaxies, new stars, and eventually new planets. Understanding the chemistry that drives star and planetary systems formation is crucial to understanding the phenomena itself because the chemical and physical processes in action are deeply interconnected.
Silvia Spezzano will use a multidisciplinary approach over the next five years to study the physical and chemical structure of star-forming regions, through laboratory spectroscopy, observations, and radiative transfer modelling. The MPRG builds up from the work Spezzano started with her Minerva Fast-Track fellowship in 2017.
In order to observe molecules in the ISM, and use them as tools, high resolution laboratory data is mandatory. In the field of astrochemistry, observations and laboratory work have a symbiotic relationship, and the CAS laboratories at MPE are unique worldwide. Spezzano's group will study molecules of astrophysical importance in the laboratory, and subsequently observe them in the ISM to unveil the molecular complexity in space.
Silvia Spezzano obtained her Bachelor and Master Degrees in Industrial Chemistry from the University in Bologna. After a short stay as predoctoral fellow at Harvard University with a fellowship from the foundation "Toso-Montanari", she went to the University of Cologne and the Max Planck Institute for Radioastronomy for her doctoral studies, which she finished in 2013 with magna cum laude for her thesis "Elusive molecules in the laboratory and in space". In 2014, she was awarded with the "Lucia Padrielli" prize for young female astronomers from the Italian National Astrophysics Institute and Italian Astronomical Society. At MPE, she started in 2015 as a Postdoc, where she got a Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Foundation fellowship in 2016 and her Minerva Fast-Track fellowship in 2017.
Spezzano, Silvia
postdoc +49 89 30000-3513 +49 89 30000-3950 spezzano@...
Two postdoctoral positions are currently advertised in the framework of the new MPRG, with deadline for application on the 31st of October 2020.
Chameleon I hides a wealth of frozen molecules
James Webb Space Telescope unveils the dark side of pre-stellar ice chemistry
Hot spots around infant binary stars
High-resolution ALMA observations of the system IRAS 16293-2422 have revealed localized hot spots in the dusty material of the young stellar system. The study led by the Max Planck Institute of Extraterrestrial Physics indicates that these are most likely due to local shocks caused by fast gas motions rather than illumination from the protostars…
Tommaso Grassi receives AG Software Award
The German Astronomical Society (AG) has awarded MPE scientist Dr. Tommaso Grassi with the Astrophysical Software Award for the development of the astrochemistry package KROME. The award ceremony will take place at the University of Bremen during the annual AG meeting from 12th to 16th of September 2022.
Molecules are stored in ice just before star and planet formation
Astronomers at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics have found evidence that just before star formation, in the central region of a pre-stellar cloud, practically all heavy molecules freeze out on top of dust grains. The ALMA observations of the L1544 cloud in the constellation Taurus showed not only a central concentration of dust…
Ewine van Dishoeck receives Fritz Zwicky Prize
The European Astronomical Society awards the 2022 Fritz Zwicky Prize for Astrophysics & Cosmology to Prof. Ewine F. van Dishoeck (Leiden University, the Netherlands and Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics). The Fritz Zwicky Prize for Astrophysics & Cosmology honours scientists who have obtained fundamental and outstanding results…
Elena Redaelli receives Otto Hahn Medal
For her excellent Dissertation, MPE junior scientist Elena Redaelli will receive the Otto Hahn Medal from the Max Planck Society in 2021. The prize is awarded for work on regions of our Galaxy where stars like our Sun are currently formed, being able to unveil the physical and chemical structure of interstellar molecular clouds. Her thesis on…
Why our water is billions of years old
Long-awaited review reveals journey of water from interstellar clouds to habitable worlds
A planet-forming disk still fed by the mother cloud
Stellar systems like our own develop inside interstellar clouds of gas and dust that collapse, producing young stars surrounded by protoplanetary disks. Planets form within these protoplanetary disks, leaving clear gaps, which have been recently observed in evolved systems, at the time when the mother cloud has been cleared out. ALMA has now…
Stars and planets grow up together as siblings
ALMA shows rings around the still-growing protostar IRS 63
GRAVITY observes young star feeding from its surrounding disk
A team of astronomers have observed for the first time the columns of matter that build newborn stars. This detailed look inside the young stellar system, using the GRAVITY instrument built at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) and operated at the ESO Very Large Telescopes, revealed that the material is guided by magnetic…
A growing stellar system directly fed by the mother cloud
For the first time, astronomers have observed a conveyor belt from the outskirts of a star-forming dense cloud directly depositing material near a pair of young forming stars. Scientists at the German Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) and the French Institut de Radioastonomie Millimétrique (IRAM) found that gas motions in the…


3203073279 belongs to an individual or business in Minnesota state. It is a Landline number from Minneapolis in Hennepin provided by Enventis Telco, Incorporated : Mn.
Has anyone spoken to a Nathan at this number? Attempting to buy something from me online and is very suspicious.
Don't know who is dialling me.
Mike-- not sure if you're going to see this. He's attempting to buy something from me online as well.... Seems very weird.
Received a text from this number about my craigslist ad for a furniture (Southern California). Sounded very suspicious. Supposed name was Shaun and was out of town but wants to send a check payment and have movers pick up the furniture. I believe this is a scam. DO NOT DO ANY TRANSACTIONS with this number!
Tried to offer to buy something on craigslist - sight unseen. Always a red flag. Asked if they made a decent living scamming gullible people, no response.
Texted me less than an hour after i posted an ad on craigslist which i found very suspicious. Also agreed to my price without an attempt to negotiate.


This review reports the recent advances in the most important and straightforward synthetic protocols for incorporating catechols into. Flavor and fragrance agents. Has a floral type odor and an waxy type flavor.
Has an floral type odor. Travis mickle founded kempharm, inc. Prior to kempharm, from january. Mickle was director of drug.
The formation of boc. Protected amines and amino acids is conducted under either aqueous or anhydrous conditions, by reaction with a base and the. In the structure shown at the top of the page, r represents a side chain specific to each amino acid. The carbon atom next to the carboxyl group.
Thane derivatives, which include standard α. Amino protecting groups as fmoc, boc, and z, of amino acids usually retain their optical purity upon activation. 73 estella judith salamula et al. Synthesis, characterization and reaction optimization.
Methylfolate side effects are significant. Learn about methylfolate side effects and how to stop them. Methylfolate side effects can be stopped quickly. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride is presented as a general reducing agent for the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones. Procedures for using this mild.
Reaction of a protected carboxylic acid with a carbodiimide is believed to involve a labile o. Which reacts with the amino component to. Orthogonalität von schutzgruppen bedeutet, dass sich bei verwendung mehrerer schutzgruppen verschiedenen typs jede schutzgruppe einzeln und in einer.
A protecting group or protective group is introduced into a molecule by chemical modification of a functional group to obtain chemoselectivity in a. Bioshuttle functionalized with tmz by dar inv.


JSC result 2019 Chittagong Board is available on education board Bangladesh website. You can also check JSC result 2019 on the education board Chittagong official website. Junior School Certificate exam started on 1st November. JSC exam 2019 ended on 15th November. JSC exam 2019 result publish date is 30th December 2019.
JSC exam result 2019 Chittagong will be available Education Board Chittagong website. Chittagong Board official website is http://bise-ctg.portal.gov.bd/ You can check your result from this website. You must need internet connection in your smartphone or laptop. Don't worry if you don't have an internet connection or smartphone. Because you can check your result by SMS also. In this article, we also show how to check JSC result by SMS?
How to check JSC result 2019 online?
You can check the result on many website. Here i mention three website which are official website of our education board. You can visit these 3 website for JSC result Chittagong Board.
To check result from educationboardresults.gov.bd, just go to the website. You have to give all the information of your Junior School Certificate exam 2019 in this page. Give your JSC roll, registration no, select your education board, select 2019 as you are a candidate of JSC 2019. You have to calculate a simple math on the page. Suppose if you are given 4+7, then you have to write 11 in the box. You may have a question why you have to solve this math/ captcha? To prevent the site from spamming or bot attack, you have to solve this math. By giving the correct answer to the math proves that you are a human, not a robot/bot.
If you want to check jsc result chittagong board form the website of ctg board website, just visit the site given before. In the site navigation menu, you will see the result menu in the upper side of the website. If you click on the result, you will be redirected to the website of educationboardresult.gov.bd. All instructions to see result from these page are already given you. Follow these instruction.
In the result publication day, it is very difficult to get result very quickly as soon as the result published on the website. So try all ways we share on this article. You can check all education board result on https://eboardresults.com/app/ such as JSC exam 2019, SSC exam result 2019, HSC exam 2019 etc. So, to check your JSC result Chittagong board, first, go to the website https://eboardresults.com/app/ Here you can see the option to see your result. Select HSC/SSC/JSC result from the first line.
After click on the Individual result you can enter your roll and registration no. Giving your registration no is optional. So you can see your JSC result Chittagong board here with only JSC roll no. To see the JSC marksheet you may need to give registration no.
How to see school wise jsc result 2019 Chittaogong Board?
You can see your whole school jsc result from the e board result website. Select the Instituion result from the page to see school wise JSC result. To see school wise result you have to know your school eiin code. After submitting your EIIN number of your school, you can see the full result of your school. You can see any school result also by submitting school EIIN number. So you must know EIIN code to see school wise result.
You can check JSC result by SMS from any operator sim.


BetPhoenix is an all-in-one gambling site that also accepts Bitcoin for its live casino, sportsbook, virtual casino, and racebook platforms.
Having separate websites to play casino games and to bet on sports and races can be daunting, and this is the reason sticking to all-in-one gambling sites like BetPhoenix is the smarter choice for players who take online gambling seriously.
Established in 2006, this gambling hub has been providing the online community with competitive betting features whether for sports or casino. It is based in Costa Rica and is dedicated to combining the Eastern and Western gaming markets through its extensive gambling website. This is best exemplified by its services also directed to players speaking foreign languages, including Chinese, English, Vietnamese, and Spanish.
BetPhoenix is not a one-stop shop for gambling for nothing. Available here are four distinct betting platforms for sports betting, live casino, virtual casino, and race betting.
Its sportsbook covers a vast list of sporting events with the likes of boxing, mixed martial arts, soccer, basketball, tennis, and a lot more. It also features minor and major leagues and tournaments like the NBA, NFL, NHL, and many others. Moreover, it includes events held in other countries, so bettors can still find their favorite teams even those playing locally in Asia or Europe, for instance.
This site's racebook, on another note, is perfect for horserace betting enthusiasts. Major races like the Breeders Cup and the Triple Crown events are definitely covered here.
Of course, BetPhoenix did not leave out the popular casino games that can be instantly played in any browser. A live casino is also present here, which only adds to the excitement and variety.
This hybrid gambling site uses the Amigotechs software platform. It predominantly caters to real-money gambling sites, which explains why its name is not familiar in the Bitcoin gambling scene. Nevertheless, it boasts a wide range of games that feature high-quality graphics and competitive qualities. This software's products are also optimized for mobile use, so members of BetPhoenix can expect certain titles to be available on the mobile version of the website.
Bitcoin gamblers must not be surprised if they are asked for personal information like the address, full name, and contact numbers. After all, this site is primarily and originally operated in real money. This also means that there is no anonymity among its players. In short, signing up for an account is highly similar to the processes employed by all fiat online casinos.
Bitcoin is the latest addition to the banking options on BetPhoenix. However, it is limited to Bitcoin deposits as of writing. Regardless, the minimum amount accepted for a Bitcoin deposit is equivalent to $50 while the maximum is $5,000. For the cashouts, the conventional payment methods are still available, so players must choose between money transfers or checks.
There are several bonuses and promotions on offer, and one of these is the Bitcoin Deposit Bonus deal. This special bonus is awarded to players who will place their first-ever Bitcoin deposit. To receive the perks, however, the amount to be transferred must be at least $100, which yields the 100% cash bonus and 10% free play. Deposits of $300 to $499 unlock the 100% cash bonus and 25% free play incentive. Moreover, players who fund their account starting at $500 gets the highest offer of 100% cash bonus, 25% free play, and another 5% cash bonus.
Thanks to the technology provided by Amigotechs, BetPhoenix can be accessed even on smartphones and tablets without the need to download an app. The mobile version of the site is optimized for any mobile browser, so players can continue their betting sessions anywhere, anytime.
This gambling site has a friendly and multilingual support system. It has live chat support and offers phone support to players speaking English, Vietnamese, and Chinese. It also has specific contact numbers and email addresses for specific concerns, like wagering, casino support, marketing, security, and affiliates. The staff is available every day, but it follows a schedule that varies depending on the time zone.


This is an all-organic elixir crafted to combat insomnia, promote deep sleep, and encourage lucid dreaming. The synergistic blend is composed of botanicals across time, herbs that have been used by monks, shamans, and scientists for their deeply restorative properties on the hypothalamus -- a pearl sized control center in the brain that directs the body's most important functions.
Suggested Use: Drink 1-2 Tbsp before bed. We recommend drinking straight, or adding it to your favorite herbal tea.
Ingredients: Ashwagandha, Passionflower, Kava Kava, Skullcap, Blue Lotus, Kalea Sacatechichi, Cinnamon bark, Rose Geranium, Rose Petals, Rose Geranium, Ginger, extracted in Vegetable Glycerin and filtered water.


Behold, Saints Vapor! We have tried hundreds of different flavor combinations and the select few you see before you have made the cut.
Founded in 2013, with a passion for customer service and the know how to create top shelf vape juice.
Based in southern California, we are a brand that the vaping community can rely on.
Saints Vapor is made up of the highest quality, Propylene Glycol (PG), Vegetable Glycerin (VG) and Premium Flavorings.
VG/PG ratio is set at 70/30. Perfect for flavor while keeping that great vapor production.
We are always mixing and testing new flavors! We loved to hear from you. Feel free to reach out anytime. Let us know what you think.


text:
Maria Blumencron
Auf Wiedersehen, Tibet
Auf der Flucht durch Eis und Schnee
304 pages, 42 farbige Abbildungen
AUF WIEDERSEHEN, TIBET.
Kinder auf der Flucht durch Eis und Schnee/
GOOD BYE TIBET. Children on the Run Trough Snow and Ice
About 280 pages
Since the Chinese occupation of Tibet half a century ago, the children of this snowy country cross the 6000m passes of the Himalayas to take refuge in India as they have no future in their native country. Time and again children stay behind in the perpetual ice, dying from exhaustion and icy coldness.
In "Goodbye, Tibet" the Austrian film maker and author Maria Blumencron tells the stories of these children and the life story of the guide Kalsang Jigme; it's mirror of Tibet's history. She first meets Kalsang in 1999. He is considered one of the best accomplices in an escape. At the turn of the millennium, Maria and Kalsang are arrested by the Chinese police when they try to guide children over the Himalaya. Maria is being questioned for two days and nights, Kalsang brutally tortured in prison. While he is buried alive in his subterranean dungeon, Maria climbs the 6000 m high border pass to film the escape of six Tibetan children. She brings the children to Dharamsala in North-India where the Dalai Lama and his sister have established large schools for the children of his native country. Over the years Maria, the six children and their guides have grown together and their community of fate becomes their "new family". After Kalsang's release from prison, he and Maria promise each other that they will go to the Nangpa pass again. In March 2007 they finally help three young nuns, whose homesickness lets them return to Tibet, to cross the border. On the way they find five adolescents, who tried to escape from Tibet without a guide, with severe frostbites. One of the boys is close to death, and so a race against time begins.
Rights sold to: Lotus Press (Korea)
1 Buch
Blumencron
Maria Blumencron was born in Vienna in 1965. She worked as an actress on various different stages and television series. Since 1998 she has worked as an author and director. From 1999 her books, movies, radio plays and readings call attention to Tibet's fate. Maria Blumencron lives in Cologne with her family. In 2007 she founded an association in order to make her readers' and viewers' helpfulness available to people in need all over the world: Shelter 108 e.V.
Maria BlumencronAuf Wiedersehen, Tibet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There is one summary for S.2586. Bill summaries are authored by CRS.
This bill amends the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (commonly known as the Clean Water Act) to allow a state that has assumed the environmental review responsibilities of the Department of Transportation under the surface transportation project delivery program to apply to the Environmental Protection Agency to administer an individual and general permit program for discharging dredge and fill material into navigable waters.


Welcoming guests for 8 + years - wonderful reviews - you won't be disappointed if you choose to stay at Parsloe's Cottage!
A relaxing and pleasant property with a delightful 2 bedroom detached cottage set in leafy tree grounds and on the northern outskirts of Coromandel Township. Comfortable, clean and well presented, covered verandah at the front and a side area with the BBQ and seating. The Spa pool is available all year round for guests use and the swimming pool is available through the summer months. Washing can be done on site if needed.
Fully self-catering, well equipped kitchen with dining table. Plenty of space to relax and enjoy these lovely bright rooms and outlook to the green grounds and the stream at the rear of the cottage.
Two bedrooms and a comfy day bed in the living area for an extra person if needed. Library and DVDs for those rainy days, or if you just want to relax and take time out. Flat easy parking for 2 cars and room for the boat.
Driving Creek Railway and Driving Creek Cafe are within easy walking distance + Art gallery and pottery also at the Railway for art lovers. Just 3km from town this is close enough to access all of the Township's attractions including the Stamper Battery, Waiau Waterworks and more. Ideal venue to explore our lovely area from.
Fish cleaning facilities are also available.
Enquire today to book this lovely accommodation.
Well behaved dogs welcome. Please advise when booking.
SPA Pool is available all year round for guest use.
At Coromandel Accommodation we have a wonderful portfolio of holiday homes available for rental. Whether you want the bush, the beach, a one room bach on the waterfront or be closer to town, we can assist you with your accommodation choices to stay in and around the Coromandel Town area and the beautiful unspoilt area of northern Coromandel. We are passionate about our area and ensure that guests receive our local knowledge and recommendations on the best of everything to experience here. We look forward to hosting you in one of our many serviced holiday homes and apartments.
A lovely cottage ideal for small family groups, couples or singles and located only 4 kms north of Coromandel Town. Rural setting, with mature trees, large lawn grounds, fringed with a freshwater stream. A great base to explore the Coromandel Town and surrounds from. Exceptionally clean and well presented with on site hosts.
Combined modern clean bathroom with Shower, toilet and vanity.
On site parking, safe, secure and room for the boat.
Combined living, kitchen and dining area + a small area between the bedrooms with a TV and book shelf.
Lovely large lawn with mature tree and a babbling brook boundary.
Lovely property and setting, but some difficulty with TV.
Lovely couple greeted us on arrival. We couldn't fault our stay, immaculately presented on beautiful tree-lined grounds. Quick drive into town. Loved our stay here, highly recommend!
We had an amazing experience at the cottage and would go back anytime!
gorgeous place, better than photos, had everything we needed, clean and tidy and plenty of entertainment. The owners were lovely and very kind, this place is an extraordinary find, will book for next year as soon I can.


Completely redone three seasons ago from hull up. Like new condition. Comes with a shorelander trailer that has new rims and tires. Too much to list. Ready to go. On the water now. Have just over $15,000 invested including the trailer. Open to trades.
Great little weekend cruiser perfect for four people to cruise anywhere in puget sound and the san juans. Two mains, one original, one newer full batten. Three headsails, two burner propane stove with oven, propane bbq, full galley with ice chest and hand pump fresh water. New marine stereo with speaker just needs to be wired, new group 27 agm battery. Is in the water at shilshole and comes with everything you need to sail today. I am buying a bigger boat soon and need this one to go! $3500 obo if interested please email or call soon.
Trailerable, swing keel boat with roller furling jib, genoa, and main sail.
sails all great, main working jib and 150 genoa.
Boat comes loaded to go anywhere, new porta potty concealed in v berth and a 20 gal fresh water tank for galley. Interior cushions in great shape and has dark blue carpet in salon.
navico tiller pilot, two anchors with rhode and chain.
hooks, 5 gal new water jug with spigot, two jerry cans for extra fuel, 3 gal fuel tank in outer lazaret to run motor.
9-9 yamaha long shaft outboard, electric start w/ charging, two heavy duty marine batteries, bilge pump and also a 1 gal shop vac mounted in salon lazaret with long hose to reach entire boat. galley has two burner alcohal stove all stainless, large upright ice chest new last summer.
2yr old keel winch aoutobrake type, and new cable.
Trailer is in good condition with new rubber, bearings, and surge brake.
Boat needs work. Sink and water tank, hand pump works. Icebox.
It floats and can be sailed while being repaired.
William Crealock Designed Clipper 26 with pop top and swing keel. In very nice, clean, condition, and surprising amount of space below. Dinette to one side, galley to other, chart table with fold down extension over quarter berth, recently serviced and good running Johnson 4.5 two stroke in transom cut out. New running rigging and bottom. In slip and ready to sail. A great starter boat that is clean and roomy and shallow draft.
Galley with sink, marine type toilet with integral holding tank, water tank, manual, dinette, two headsails and main all in good condition. New running rigging. Johnson two stroke 4.5 recently serviced. Good storage. Very simple and heavily built.


text:
Q: How to add onclick event for info boxes into pushpins on bingmaps in reactjs I managed to position all the coordinates with pushpins on the map, now I want to create event when click on the pushPins to show infobox ?
Can I get a example how to hide infoboxes and show only infobox when click on the pushPins ?
My code:
import React from 'react';

import { ReactBingmaps } from 'react-bingmaps';

function App() {
  return (

        <ReactBingmaps
          bingmapKey="AnK1IGWE20I4jxXYE6lqu5sPHf9rQR5OEBs1vyrXBt6LGy4HpbAHqc0kGvq1pFpf"
          center={[42.6170006, 25.3999996]}
          zoom={8}
          mapTypeId={"aerial"}

          pushPins={
            [
              { 'location': [41.19197, 25.33719], 'option': { color: 'yellow' }, },
              { 'location': [41.26352, 25.1471], 'option': { color: 'yellow' }, },
              { 'location': [41.26365, 25.24215], 'option': { color: 'yellow' }, },
              { 'location': [41.26369, 25.33719], 'option': { color: 'yellow' }, },
            ]
          }

          infoboxes={
            [
              {
                "location": [42.6170006, 25.3999996], "option": { title: '№ на станция', description: '...' }
              },
              {
                "location": [42.43278, 25.64194], "option": { title: '№ на станция', description: '...' }
              }
            ]
          }
        >
        </ReactBingmaps>

  );
}

export default App;

Now when I start the project infoboxes is openned, I want to hide this infoboxes at start.

A: That's quite easy actually. You can achieve that by using a prop called infoboxesWithPushPins which is an array of objects, where you can specify an addHandler like click,mouseover etc.
For example:
import React from 'react';

import { ReactBingmaps } from 'react-bingmaps';

function App() {
  return (

        <ReactBingmaps
          bingmapKey="AnK1IGWE20I4jxXYE6lqu5sPHf9rQR5OEBs1vyrXBt6LGy4HpbAHqc0kGvq1pFpf"
          center={[42.6170006, 25.3999996]}
          zoom={8}
          mapTypeId={"aerial"}

          infoboxesWithPushPins = {[
            {
              "location":[41.19197, 25.33719],
              "addHandler": "click", //on click the pushpin, infobox shown
              "infoboxOption": { title: '№ на станция', description: '...' },
              "pushPinOption":{ color: 'yellow' },
            },
          ]
          }
        >
        </ReactBingmaps>

  );
}

export default App;

I just tried with one of your coordinates, now you just need to add the other one's. Cheers.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Stamford Greenhouses is located at 193 Railroad Ave., Stamford NY 12167 . The data in this listing is believed to be accurate in our florist directory at the time of posting. To find out more information about Stamford Greenhouses, give them a call at (607) 652-7552.
Any brand names, article content, websites, and flower shops including Stamford Greenhouses mantioned on this webpage are trademarks of their respective owners. Any trademark references or designations are made solely for purposes of providing information about Stamford Greenhouses to visitors of this webpage. Any extracts of articles, videos, or other content, have links to original content.


Two men in Ho Chi Minh City committed suicide after they allegedly lost the money which they placed on the world cup matches.
Thong Nhat Hospital yesterday announced to succeed in treating two men who committed suicide by taking rat poison and pesticide after they lost a big sum on world cup bet.
The first man, 33, is a delivery tricycle driver in Hoc Mon District. The gambler admitted to loss VND300 million ($13,077) in bets on several World Cup games.
Because it was a big sum, he couldn't pay back leading to a decision of suicide to release the family's burden. However, after drinking three rat poison packs, he thought again and phoned his relatives to take him to the infirmary.
Another man in Tan Binh District was taken to the hospital's emergency treatment department on the day when he was unconscious because of taking pesticide. His relative revealed that he lost money on world cup betting.
The first man underwent colon cleanse while the second underwent stomach cleanse, said Dr. Hoang Ngoc Anh, deputy head of the Intensive Care Unit of the hospital. Two will be discharged in a few next days.
Dr. Anh added thankfully, both of them were taken to hospital early; therefore, they don't suffer complications including kidney and liver failure, heartbeat disorder and breathing problems.
Sometimes, the hospital admits some cases of suicide. In addition to treating them, the hospital also provides psychological consultation to prevent second suicide intention, Dr. Anh said.
Early in the day, People's Hospital 115 received a young man, around twentieth, who was diagnosed to brain injury; maybe, he might jump from a building. He has no personal papers. However, his pant pocket was full of receipts of pawn shops.


You can debug on the CPU too ?
spectral wrote: You can debug on the CPU too ?
It may works if you install AMD OpenCL side by side with NVIDIA OpenCL in order to have an OpenCL CPU device. I haven't tried but it should work.


EVISU brings the beauty of traditional Japanese tattoo into its casual wear design. Cut from raw indigo denim, this pair of carrot-fitting jeans features a wave tattoo-patterned gradation Daicock embroidered on the rear panel for a grand statement. Highlight your look with a red T-shirt this summer.


text:
\section*{Differential AC Stark Shift}
\input{sections/section_1}

\section*{Qutrit CZ/CZ$^\dag$ gate}
\input{sections/section_2}

\section*{Benchmarking \label{sec:benchmarking}}
\input{sections/section_3}

\section*{Gate synthesis of two qutrit unitaries}
\input{sections/section_4}

\section*{Discussion and outlook}
\input{sections/conclusion}

\section{Device Parameters}
Both gates and cross-Kerr characterization data was taken using an 8 transmon ring with fixed-frequency transmons and fixed-frequency coupling mediated by a coplanar waveguide resonator. The CZ and CZ$^\dag$ gate are performed on two different chips, using two different pairs of transmon qutrits. We give the relevant single-qutrit parameters and coherences for the CZ and CZ$^\dag$ gate in Table \ref{tab:single_qutrit_parameters_cz} and Table \ref{tab:single_qutrit_parameters_czd} respectively. Here, $T_{2r}$ denotes coherence statistics taken using a Ramsey experiment and $T_{2e}$ using an echo pulse.

\begin{table}[h!]
  \centering
  \resizebox{0.3\columnwidth}{!}{
  \begin{tabular}{|l||r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}
    \hline
    {} & Q3 & Q4 \\
    \hline
    \hline
    Qubit freq.~(GHz) & 5.436 & 5.327 \\
    Anharm. (MHz) & -260.20 & -262.94 \\
    $T_1^{01}$ ($\mu$s) & 125(37) & 78(16) \\
    $T_1^{12}$ ($\mu$s) & 63(9) & 47(5) \\
    $T_{2e }^{01}$ ($\mu$s) & 190(28) & 138(25) \\
    $T_{2e}^{12}$ ($\mu$s) & 61(13) & 45(7) \\
    $T_{2e}^{02}$ ($\mu$s) & 75(19) & 62(6) \\
    $T_{2r }^{01}$ ($\mu$s) & 114(47) & 99(24) \\
    $T_{2r}^{12}$ ($\mu$s) & 17(8) & 17(9) \\
    $T_{2r}^{02}$ ($\mu$s) & 20(16) & 21(9) \\

    \hline
  \end{tabular}}
\caption{Single-qutrit parameters for the pair of transmons used to perform the CZ gate.}\label{tab:single_qutrit_parameters_cz}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[h!]
  \centering
  \resizebox{0.3\columnwidth}{!}{
  \begin{tabular}{|l||r|r|r|r|r|r|r|r|}
    \hline
    {} & Q5 & Q6 \\
    \hline
    \hline
    Qubit freq.~(GHz) & 5.362 & 5.523 \\
    Anharm. (MHz) & -275 & -271.35 \\
    $T_1^{01}$ ($\mu$s) & 45(7) & 58(7) \\
    $T_1^{12}$ ($\mu$s) & 33(3) & 28(3) \\
    $T_{2e}^{01}$ ($\mu$s) & 63(7) & 84(6) \\
    $T_{2e}^{12}$ ($\mu$s) & 28(3) & 30(3) \\
    $T_{2e}^{02}$ ($\mu$s) & 37(3) & 35(3) \\
    $T_{2r }^{01}$ ($\mu$s) & 36(9) & 76(8) \\
    $T_{2r}^{12}$ ($\mu$s) & 10(6) & 18(6) \\
    $T_{2r}^{02}$ ($\mu$s) & 11(6) & 21(8) \\

    \hline
  \end{tabular}}
\caption{Single-qutrit parameters for the pair of transmons used to perform the CZ$^\dag$ gate.}\label{tab:single_qutrit_parameters_czd}
\end{table}

\section{Perturbation Theory}
\begin{figure}[h!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width = \textwidth ]{supp_figures/Levels_v_diagram_with_zoom_in-cropped.pdf}
    \caption{\textbf{Drive scheme for conditional stark-induced cross-Kerr Hamiltonian }. We present an example energy level diagram in the rotating frame of the drive where we place the off resonant microwave drive on both qutrits between their two respective $\ket{1} \rightarrow \ket{2}$ transitions. The simultaneous off resonant microwave drives induce conditional Stark shifts that generate entangling phases on four states in our two qutrit Hilbert space.}
    \label{levels_diagram}
\end{figure}
In the frame of the drive at frequency $\omega_{\text{d}}$ and after making a rotating wave approximation (RWA), the system Hamiltonian is
\begin{equation}
    \label{eq:Hsupp}
    \begin{gathered}
        H=\sum_{i=\mathrm{c,t}}\left[\left(\omega_{i}-\omega_{\mathrm{d}}\right)a_{i}^{\dag}a_{i}+\frac{\eta_{i}}{2}a_{i}^{\dag}a_{i}^{\dag}a_{i}a_{i} + \Omega_{i}\left(e^{i\varphi_{i}}a_{i}+e^{-i\varphi_{i}}a_{i}^{\dag}\right)\right]+J\left(a_{\mathrm{c}}^{\dag}a_{\mathrm{t}}+a_{\mathrm{c}}a_{\mathrm{t}}^{\dag}\right)
    \end{gathered}
\end{equation}
with $\hbar=1$ and the transmons approximated as Duffing oscillators with qubit frequency $\omega_i$, anharmonicity $\eta_i$, capacitive coupling $J$, and where we define $a_i$ as the bosonic annihilation operator. The parameters of the drive are given as amplitude $\Omega_i$, and phase $\varphi_i$. Since only the relative drive phase is physical, we choose a basis where $\varphi_{\text{c}}=0$ and $\varphi_{d}=\varphi_{t}-\varphi_{c}$. The detuning of transmon $i$ from the drive is $\Delta_{i}=\omega_{i}-\omega_{d}$. We analyze the system perturbatively in the limit $\Omega_{i}, J \ll |\eta_{i}|, |\Delta_{i}|$. In this limit the bare transmon Hamiltonians serve as the unperturbed system, $H_{0}$, and the perturbation, $V$, is composed of the single qubit drive terms and the coupling term. Time independent perturbation theory applied to Eq.~\ref{eq:Hsupp} will yield energies $E_{ij}$, the approximate diagonal elements of the Hamiltonian in the basis labelled by the transmon occupation numbers $\ket{ij}$ with $i,j=0,1,2,\dots,d-1$ the state of the ``control'' (c) and ``target'' (t) transmons respectively. The dimension where we truncate the Hamiltonian is $d$. In the present case of qutrits $d=3$ and $H' \approx \sum_{i,j=0}^{2}
\tilde{E}_{ij}\ket{ij}\bra{ij}$ where we define $\tilde{E}_{ij}=E_{ij}-E_{00}$, performing a global shift of the energies to set the energy of the $\ket{00}$ state to zero.

We isolate the entangling cross-Kerr terms by transforming $H'$ according to the unitary
\begin{equation}
    \begin{gathered}
    U=\text{exp} \Big\{-it\left[\tilde{E}_{01}I\otimes\ket{1}\bra{1}+\tilde{E}_{10}\ket{1}\bra{1}\otimes I +  \tilde{E}_{02}I\otimes\ket{2}\bra{2}+\tilde{E}_{20}\ket{2}\bra{2}\otimes I\right]\Big\},
    \end{gathered}
\end{equation}
where $I=\ket{0}\bra{0}+\ket{1}\bra{1}+\ket{2}\bra{2}$ is the single qutrit identity operator. The transformation eliminates the single qutrit energies $\tilde{E}_{i0}$ and $\tilde{E}_{0j}$, $i,j=1,2$ which simply result in local phases that can be eliminated by virtual single qutrit phase gates. The transformed Hamiltonian
\begin{equation}
    \label{eqn:HcrossKerr}
    H''=\alpha_{11}\ket{11}\bra{11}+\alpha_{21}\ket{21}\bra{21}+\alpha_{12}\ket{12}\bra{12}+\alpha_{22}\ket{22}\bra{22}
\end{equation}
is written in terms of the cross-Kerr rates $\alpha_{ij}$ which describe the rates at which the entangling phases on the states $\ket{ij}$ are accumulated. These $\alpha_{ij}$, explicitly given by
\begin{equation}
    \alpha_{ij}=E_{ij}+E_{00}-E_{0j}-E_{i0},
\end{equation}
generalize the qubit ZZ rate $\zeta$ to the case of qutrits \cite{brad}.

In perturbation theory we expand $\alpha_{ij}=\alpha_{ij}^{(0)} + \alpha_{ij}^{(1)}+\cdots$ where $\alpha_{ij}^{(n)}=E_{ij}^{(n)}+E_{00}^{(n)}-(E_{i0}^{(n)}+E_{0j}^{(n)})$ and $E_{ij}^{(n)}$ is the $n$th order correction to the energy of state $\ket{ij}$. The first two terms $\alpha_{ij}^{(0)}$ and $\alpha_{ij}^{(1)}$ are zero because in the unperturbed system, $H_{0}$, the transmons are not interacting and the perturbation $V$ only maps states $\ket{ij}$ to states $\ket{i'j'}$ that are orthogonal to $\ket{ij}$. The first contribution comes at second order where the static coupling of strength $J$ between the transmons generates a static cross-Kerr interaction with rates
\begin{align}
    \alpha_{11}^{(2)}&=\frac{4\eta J^{2}}{(\eta-\Delta)(\eta+\Delta)} \\
    \alpha_{21}^{(2)}&=\frac{2\eta J^{2}(5\eta-4\Delta)}{\Delta(\eta-\Delta)(2\eta-\Delta)} \\
    \alpha_{12}^{(2)}&=-\frac{2\eta J^{2}(5\eta+4\Delta)}{\Delta(\eta+\Delta)(2\eta+\Delta)} \\
    \alpha_{22}^{(2)}&=\frac{16\eta J^{2}}{(\eta+\Delta)(\eta-\Delta)}
\end{align}
where $\Delta = \omega_{\text{c}}-\omega_{\text{t}}$ and we have set $\eta_{\text{c}}=\eta_{\text{t}}=\eta$ in order to arrive at more compact expressions. In most systems this is a reasonable approximation and in particular the pair of transmons used in this work have anharmonicities $\eta_{\text{c}}=272~\text{MHz}$ and $\eta_{\text{t}}=270~\text{MHz}$.

As in the qubit case the driven cross-Kerr interaction contributes starting at third order when both transmons are driven (see the discussion in the Supplementary Materials of \cite{brad}) and we find rates
\begin{equation}
    \alpha_{11} =\frac{8\cos\phi\eta^{2}\Omega_{C}\Omega_{T}J}{\Delta_{C}\Delta_{T}(\eta-\Delta_{C})(\eta-\Delta_{T})}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
    \alpha_{12}/\alpha_{11}= \frac{\Delta_{C}^{2}(\eta-2\Delta_{T})+\eta(2\eta^{2}-2\eta\Delta_{T}-\Delta_{T}^{2}))+\Delta_{C}(-3\eta^{2}+2\eta\Delta_{T}+2\Delta_{T}^{2})}{(2\eta-\Delta_{C})(2\eta-\Delta_{T})}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
    \alpha_{21}/\alpha_{11} = \frac{\Delta_{T}^{2}(\eta-2\Delta_{C})+\eta(2\eta^{2}-2\eta\Delta_{C}-\Delta_{C}^{2})+\Delta_{T}(-3\eta^{2}+2\eta\Delta_{C}+2\Delta_{C}^{2})}{(2\eta-\Delta_{C})(2\eta-\Delta_{T})}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
    \alpha_{22}/\alpha_{11} =\frac{(\eta-2\Delta_{C})(\eta-2\Delta_{T})}{(2\eta-\Delta_{C})(2\eta-\Delta_{T})}
\end{equation}

The expressions are complicated but we now point out some important features. In typical systems the drive strengths $\Omega_{i}$ are larger than the coupling strength $J$ and as a result $\alpha_{ij}^{(3)} > \alpha_{ij}^{(2)}$. For example, the CZ gate described in the main text is performed with $\Omega_{\text{c}}, \Omega_{\text{t}} \approx 11~\text{MHz}$ on a pair of transmons with estimated coupling $J=2.7~\text{MHz}$. Therefore, the static cross-Kerr can in principle be cancelled by the driven cross-Kerr. The result also gives the leading order linear dependence of the rates $\alpha_{ij}$ on the drive strengths $\Omega_{i}$ and the coupling $J$ as well as their sinusoidal dependence on the relative drive phase $\varphi$ (see Figure 2 in the main text).

\section{The Weyl and Gell-Mann bases}

When analyzing qubits, we use tensor products of the single-qubit Pauli operators $\mathbb{P} = \{I, X, Y, Z\}$.
These operators have the following helpful properties:
\begin{enumerate}
    \item they form a projective group under matrix multiplication;
    \item they are unitary;
    \item they are a trace-orthogonal basis for the space of operators; and
    \item they correspond to natural Hamiltonians.
\end{enumerate}
Unfortunately, no set of operators with the same properties exist for higher dimensions.
We thus need to separate some of the properties when analyzing qudits.

There are two sets of operators, namely, the Weyl and Gell-Mann operators that, taken together, satisfy all four properties and also coincide with the Pauli operators in 2D.
We now review these two sets of operators.

The Gell-Mann operators are obtained by embedding the familiar Pauli matrices into two-dimensional subspaces of a higher dimensional space.
Recall that the standard single-qubit Pauli operators are
\begin{align}
    X = \ketbra{1}{0} + \ketbra{0}{1} \notag\\
    Y = i\ketbra{1}{0} - i \ketbra{0}{1} \notag\\
    Z = \ketbra{0} - \ketbra{1}.
\end{align}
We can embed these operators in a $d$-dimensional subspace by defining
\begin{align}
    X^{jk} = \ketbra{j}{k} + \ketbra{k}{j} \notag\\
    Y^{jk} = i\ketbra{j}{k} - i \ketbra{k}{j} \notag\\
    Z^{jk} = \ketbra{j} - \ketbra{k}
\end{align}
for $0 \leq j < k < d$.
The $X^{jk}$ and $Y^{jk}$ operators are trace-orthogonal Hermitian operators and also correspond to transitions between two levels, which is the natural way to control a harmonic oscillator.
Specifically, we can drive the $X^{01}$ and $X^{12}$ Hamiltonians by applying tones at $\omega_{01}$ and $\omega_{12}$, which generate Rabi oscillations in the corresponding qubit subspaces of the qutrit, from which we can generate the single qutrit gates
\begin{equation}
    X_{\pi/2}^{01} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{pmatrix}
    1 & -i & 0\\
    -i & 1 & 0\\
    0 & 0 & 1
    \end{pmatrix}, \indent     X_{\pi/2}^{12} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{pmatrix}
    1 & 0 & 0\\
    0 & 1 & -i\\
    0 & -i & 1
    \end{pmatrix}.
\end{equation}
Similarly, we can perform virtual Z gates within these two qubit subspaces of the qutrit, which natively yield the continuous gates
\begin{equation}
    Z^{01}(\phi)  = \begin{pmatrix}
    e^{-i \phi} & 0 & 0\\
    0 & 1 & 0 \\
    0 & 0 & 1
    \end{pmatrix}, \indent     Z^{12}(\phi)  = \begin{pmatrix}
    1 & 0 & 0\\
    0 & 1 & 0 \\
    0 & 0 & e^{i \phi}
    \end{pmatrix}
\end{equation}
From these four gates, $X_{\pi/2}^{01}, X_{\pi/2}^{12},Z^{01}(\phi),Z^{12}(\phi)$, we can compile an arbitrary unitary in $\mathbb{U}(3)$ using at most 6 of these gates, with a decomposition given in Ref~\cite{PhysRevLett.126.210504}.

However, while the $Z^{jk}$ are Hermitian operators, they are not linearly independent and so do not provide a suitable basis for quantum process tomography.
We thus extend the set $\{X^{jk}, Y^{jk} : 0 \leq j < k < d\}$ to a trace-orthogonal basis by adding a trace-orthogonal set of diagonal operators.
A natural choice would be the projectors onto the computational basis, however, this obscures the fact that all density operators have unit trace.
We thus use the operators
\begin{align}
    D_j = -j \ketbra{j} + \sum_{0 \leq k < j} \ketbra{k}
\end{align}
for $1 \leq j < d$, together with the identity operator to obtain the Gell-Mann basis.
Here the Gell-Mann matrices $\lambda_i$ plus the identity I$_3$ span SU(3) and are a natural choice for qutrit Pauli transfer matrices (PTMs).
For convenience, we index these elements for a single qutrit as follows:
\begin{equation}
    \begin{gathered}
    \textnormal{I}_3 = \begin{pmatrix}
    1&0&0\\
    0&1&0\\
    0&0&1
    \end{pmatrix},
        \lambda_1 = \begin{pmatrix}
    0&1&0\\
    1&0&0\\
    0&0&0
    \end{pmatrix},
        \lambda_2 = \begin{pmatrix}
    0&-i&0\\
    i&0&0\\
    0&0&0
    \end{pmatrix},
        \lambda_3 = \begin{pmatrix}
    1&0&0\\
    0&-1&0\\
    0&0&0
    \end{pmatrix},
        \lambda_4 = \begin{pmatrix}
    0&0&1\\
    0&0&0\\
    1&0&0
    \end{pmatrix}, \\
        \lambda_5 = \begin{pmatrix}
    0&0&-i\\
    0&0&0\\
    i&0&0
    \end{pmatrix},
        \lambda_6 = \begin{pmatrix}
    0&0&0\\
    0&0&1\\
    0&1&0
    \end{pmatrix},
        \lambda_7 = \begin{pmatrix}
    0&0&0\\
    0&0&-i\\
    0&i&0
    \end{pmatrix},
        \lambda_8 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\begin{pmatrix}
    1&0&0\\
    0&1&0\\
    0&0&-2
    \end{pmatrix}
    \end{gathered}
\end{equation}

Having defined the Gell-Mann basis, we now define the Heisenberg-Weyl operators, which are a unitary generalization of the familiar single-qubit Pauli operators to higher dimensional spaces (qudits) that enable the Clifford group to be generalized.
Let $d$ be a positive integer and $\mathbb{Z}_d = \{0, \ldots, d - 1\}$ denote the set of integers modulo $d$.
The generalizations of the $X$ and $Z$ operators to qudits are
\begin{align}
    X &= \sum_{j \in \mathbb{Z}_d} \ketbra{j \oplus_d 1}{j} \notag\\
    Z &= \sum_{j \in \mathbb{Z}_d} \exp\left(\frac{2 \pi i }{d}j\right)\ketbra{j}{j},
\end{align}
where $\oplus_d$ denotes addition modulo $d$.
The Weyl basis for $\mathbb{C}^{d \times d}$ is the set
\begin{align}
    \mathbb{W}_d = \{W_{xz} = X^x Z^z : x,z \in \mathbb{Z}_d \}\,,
\end{align}
which is a trace-orthogonal basis for $\mathbb{C}^{d \times d}$ as it satisfies
\begin{align}
    \tr W^\dagger V = d \delta_{W, V} \quad \forall\,W, V \in \mathbb{W}_d.
\end{align}
Let $n$ be a positive integer and $D = d^n$.
Then we define the $n$-qudit Weyl basis to be the set $\mathbb{W}_{d, n} = \mathbb{W}_d^{\otimes n}$, which is a trace-orthogonal basis for $\mathbb{C}^{D \times D}$.
Note that the Weyl basis is \emph{not} a proper group as it is not closed under multiplication.
However, every element of the closure of the Weyl basis is proportional to an element of the Weyl basis up to an overall phase.
This overall phase vanishes in all cases as we only consider the adjoint action of Weyl operators and so we treat the Weyl basis as a projective group.
The $n$-qutrit Clifford group is then defined to be the normalizer of the extended Weyl group $\mathbb{EW}_{d, n} = \mathbb{U}(1) \mathbb{W}_{d, n}$ (which is a proper group), that is,
\begin{align}
    \mathfrak{C}_{d, n} = \{ U \in \mathbb{U}(d^n) : U \mathbb{EW}_{d, n} U^\dagger = \mathbb{EW}_{d, n} \}.
\end{align}
\newpage
\section{Assumptions for characterization}

We now define the assumption of time-dependent Markovian noise that we use to analyze the results of our characterization protocols.
At a high level, we assume that each operation applied to the system corresponds to a linear map that is independent of what other maps have been applied but may depend on the number of operations that have been applied since the system was initialized.
We allow this time dependence primarily to facilitate post-processing of time-stationary noise processes wherein the physical process does not depend on the number of operations that have been applied since the system was initialized but we are performing a weighted average over the operation that is applied in the $j$th time step.

Formally, for a vector space $\mathbb{V}$ let $\mathbb{V}^*$ denote the dual of $\mathbb{V}$ and $\mathcal{L}(\mathbb{V})$ denote the set of linear maps from $\mathbb{V}$ to itself.
Then we assume the following.
\begin{enumerate}
    \item The state space of a physical implementation of an $n$-qudit system is some fixed vector space $\mathbb{V}$.
    \item Preparing the system in the state $\rho$ corresponds to setting the state of the quantum system to some $\Theta_\rho \in \mathbb{V}$.
    \item Applying some unitary operation $U$ to the system in the $j$th time step after preparing the system in a state corresponds to applying some linear map, $\Theta(j, U) \in \mathcal{L}(\mathbb{V})$ to the state of the system.
    \item The expectation value of an observable $Q$ is obtained by applying some fixed $\Theta_Q \in \mathbb{V}^*$. (Note that we will ignore finite measurement statistics for now.)
\end{enumerate}
With some abuse of notation, we refer to the functions $\Theta_j : \mathbb{N} \times \mathbb{U}(d^n) \to \mathcal{L}(\mathbb{V} \to \mathbb{V})$ and the vectors $\Theta_\rho$ and $\Theta_Q$ together as the implementation map $\Theta$~\cite{Helsen2020AGF}.

The assumption of time-dependent Markovian noise allows hidden Markovianity as the implementation map can include a coupling to an environment.
This hidden Markovianity is frequently referred to as non-Markovianity in the quantum information community.
However, we allow it in the general setting because the additional assumptions (such as positivity and complete positivity) are more cumbersome to define and typically are only helpful in the final steps of an analysis.
Indeed, it is conceptually useful to include post-processing steps that depend only on one time step into an ``effective'' implementation map.

An ideal isolated implementation is one wherein there is a linear isomorphism between $\mathbb{V}$ and $\mathbb{C}^{D \times D}$.
For concreteness, we define an isomorphism $\dket{*}_\mathbb{B} : \mathbb{C}^{D \times D} \to \mathbb{V}$ relative to a trace-orthonormal basis $\mathbb{B} \subset \mathbb{C}^{D \times D}$ as follows.
As $\mathbb{B}$ is a trace-orthonormal basis, we can write any $A \in \mathbb{C}^{D \times D}$ in terms of $\mathbb{B}$ as
\begin{align}
    A = \sum_{B \in \mathbb{B}} \tr(B^\dagger A) B.
\end{align}
Therefore we can choose $\{ \dket{B}_\mathbb{B} : B \in \mathbb{B}\}$ to be an orthonormal basis of $\mathbb{V}$ and extend it to an isomorphism by defining
\begin{align}
    \dket{A}_\mathbb{B} = \sum_{B \in \mathbb{B}} \tr(B^\dagger A) \dket{B}_\mathbb{B}.
\end{align}
We will typically suppress the subscript $\mathbb{B}$ as it will be clear from the context (either the normalized Weyl basis or the normalized Gell-Mann basis).
To avoid having to define normalized versions of the bases explicitly, we define
\begin{align}
    \hat{B} = B / \sqrt{\tr B^\dagger B}.
\end{align}
Moreover, defining $\dbra{A} = \dket{A}^\dagger$ and $\dbraket{A}{B} = \dbra{A} \dket{B}$ and using the fact that $\mathbb{B}$ is a trace-orthonormal basis and $\{\dket{B}: B \in \mathbb{B}\}$ is an orthonormal basis, we have
\begin{align}
    \tr A^\dagger T
    &= \sum_{B, C \in \mathbb{B}} \tr(A^\dagger B) \tr(C^\dagger T) \tr(B^\dagger C) \notag\\
    &= \sum_{B \in \mathbb{B}} \tr(A^\dagger B) \tr(B^\dagger T) \notag\\
    &= \dbraket{A}{T}.
\end{align}

With the above isomorphism, we can define the ideal implementation of a unitary operator $U \in \mathbb{U}(D)$ to be
\begin{align}
    \phi_\mathbb{B}(U) = \sum_{B \in \mathbb{B}} \dketbra{U B U^\dagger}{B},
\end{align}
which, by linearity, will satisfy
\begin{align}
    \phi_\mathbb{B}(U) \dket{A} = \dket{U A U^\dagger}.
\end{align}
As above, we will also suppress the $_\mathbb{B}$ on $\phi$ when the basis is clear from the context.
Moreover, as $U \mathbb{B} U^\dagger$ is a trace-orthonormal basis, one can readily verify that $\phi(U) \phi(V) = \phi(UV)$ for all $U, V \in \mathbb{U}(D)$, that is, $\phi$ is a representation of $\mathbb{U}(D)$.

\newpage
\section{Cross Entropy Benchmarking}

\begin{figure}[h!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width =\textwidth]{supp_figures/XEB_supp_plot-cropped.pdf}
    \caption{\textbf{Cross entropy benchmarking (XEB) for qutrit}, \textbf{a}, For the
    XEB circuits, the entropy difference $H(p,q) - H(p,u)$ is plotted against the ideal $H(p,p) - H(p,u)$ at each cycle depth, with 30 randomizations at each depth. The linear fit gives the fidelity at that particular depth. \textbf{b}, We show the exponential decay of the depolarized CZ$^\dag$ fidelity obtained from the linear fits in \textnormal{a}. \textbf{c}, We plot an example of the speckle purity decay as a function of cycle depth for a representative set of four states in the two-qutrit Hilbert space. The probabilities of measuring the given tritstring are shown as a function of cycle depth across all 30 randomizations. The bright ``speckle'' pattern characteristic of the Porter-Thomas distribution at low circuit depths is smoothed out at larger depths. \textbf{d}-\textbf{f}, We show that the distribution of tritstrings transitions from the Porter-Thomas ditribution at low depth, to a uniform distribution at deeper depths. The CDF is emphasized for a representative tritstring, $\ket{21}$, while the CDFs of the other tritstrings are shown in grey to show typical variation of the CDF across different states.}
    \label{fig:XEB}
\end{figure}

As discussed in the main text, performing randomized benchmarking (RB) on a two qutrit gate is prohibitively expensive \cite{PhysRevLett.126.210504}. We utilize cross entropy benchmarking (XEB) as a second SPAM (state preparation and measurement) free benchmarking protocol to corroborate the fidelity obtained from cycle benchmarking (CB). Recently XEB played a central role in the quantum supremacy experiment in \cite{arute2019quantum} and was used to benchmark the non-Clifford, three qubit $i$Toffoli gate in \cite{Kim2022}. XEB theory has been discussed in detail in previous works so we present only a brief review of the method before outlining more explicitly how it can be used to benchmark the two-qutrit CZ gate demonstrated here.

For XEB purposes a convenient definition of a random quantum circuit (RQC) is a quantum circuit randomly selected from an ensemble of circuits such that the distribution of probabilities (across the ensemble of circuits) of observing a particular ditstring, $x$, follows the Porter-Thomas distribution (for all possible ditstrings $x$) \cite{MullaneXEBTheory}. In the present case of quantum circuits involving two qutrits we consider the probabilities of tritstrings 00, 01, \dots, 21, 22. After averaging over an ensemble of random circuits errors are tailored to be purely depolarizing so an error corresponds to the circuit outputting a fully mixed state. In a mixed state the tritstring distribution is uniform with each outcome $x_{i}$ having equal probability of $1/3^{n}$ for an $n$ qutrit system. Thus, intuitively the circuit fidelity (under this error model) can be thought of as the deviation of the measured tritstring distribution from the uniform distribution. The XEB fidelity makes this relationship precise as we now outline.

Denote the possible tritstrings $x_{i}$ for $i=1,\dots,3^{n}$ and let $p(x_{i})$ be the ideal tritstring distribution for the output of a particular quantum circuit. Then $q(x_{i})$ is the measured distribution. The linear cross entropy of two probability distributions $p_{1}(x)$ and $p_{2}(x)$ with the same support is defined as
\begin{equation}
    H(p_{1},p_{2}) = \sum_{x}p_{1}(x)p_{2}(x)
\end{equation}
where the sum runs over the full support of the probability distributions and the self entropy is written compactly as $H(p_{1})\equiv H(p_{1},p_{1})$. Under the depolarizing error model it can be shown straightforwardly that the circuit fidelity is
\begin{equation}
    F_{\text{XEB}}=\frac{H(p,q)-H(p,u)}{H(p,p)-H(p,u)}
\end{equation}
where $u(x_{i})$ is the uniform probability distribution \cite{arute2019quantum}. This is ultimately the difference in the ideal to measured and ideal to uniform cross entropies, normalized by the difference if the measured distribution were to perfectly match the ideal distribution ($p(x_{i})=q(x_{i})$ for all $i$).

We follow the XEB protocol for benchmarking gates/cycles outlined in Ref.~\cite{arute2019quantum}. This consists of measuring two qutrit circuits of varying cycle depths $M$ where cycle $i$ consists of two single qutrit gates $G_{i,j}$ where $i=1,\dots,M$ labels the cycle and $j=1,2$ labels the qutrit, followed by the two qutrit CZ gate$^\dag$ (see Figure \,\ref{fig:XEB}a). The single qutrit gates are randomly selected unitaries from $SU(3)$ and decomposed according to the decomposition given in \cite{Dita_2003}. For each cycle depth $M$ we generate $N$ random circuits to be run and compute the ideal probability distributions of the output tritstrings for each circuit. The XEB fidelity at cycle depth $M$, $F_{\text{XEB},M}$ is determined by performing a least squares fit of the linear relationship between $H(p_{i},q_{i})-H(p_{i},u)$ and $H(p_{i},p_{i})-H(p_{i},u)$ with $i=1,\dots,N$ labeling the random circuit at the given depth (see Figure). The cycle infidelity, $\epsilon_{\text{cycle}}$, is estimated from the exponential decay of $F_{\text{XEB},M}$ as a function of cycle depth $M$. The error rate extracted in this way agrees well with CB (see Benchmarking section in the main text).

Next we validate our implementation of XEB by verifying that the distribution of probabilities of a given tritstring across the ensemble of random circuits does indeed approach the Porter-Thomas distribution,
\begin{equation}
    \mathcal{P}(p)=(D-1)(1-p)^{D-2} \approx De^{-Dp}
\end{equation}
where again $D$ is the Hilbert space dimension, $D=3^{2}$ for two qutrits and the approximate equality holds in the limit of large Hilbert space dimension, $D \gg 1$. Next we consider the evolution of this distribution as a function of cycle depth. At short to intermediate cycle depths, the circuit is sufficiently random and the distribution approaches Porter-Thomas. At larger cycle depths, the distribution begins to converge to $\mathcal{P}(p) \rightarrow \delta(p-1/D)$ since the depolarizing errors dominate and the tritstring distributions approach the uniform distribution for all circuits. We plot our experimental observation of this behavior in Fig.\,\ref{fig:XEB}d-f.

The method of Speckle Purity Benchmarking (SPB) is based on this observation. Denoting the state purity as $\gamma$, it can be estimated at depth $M$ from the raw results of the XEB protocol outlined above by the relationship
\begin{equation}
    \gamma(M)=\text{Var}(p_{M})\frac{D^{2}(D+1)}{(D-1)}
\end{equation}
where $p_{M}$ is the set of measured probabilities of a given tritstring $x$ across the $N$ random circuits at cycle depth $M$ \cite{arute2019quantum}. Thus, once we have demonstrated that the distribution does indeed converge to the Porter-Thomas distribution we can estimate the decay of the state purity from just the variance of the distribution, without the need for state tomography which requires an exponential number of measurements, $3^{n(d-1)}$ where $n$ is the number of qudits and $d$ the dimension of each qudit. For our present case of two qutrits we would need to perform 81 measurements per circuit to determine the state purity by state tomography.
\newpage
\section{Extracting an Error Budget Estimation from Cycle Benchmarking Results}

\begin{figure}[h!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width = \textwidth]{supp_figures/CB_with_weyls-cropped.pdf}
    \caption{\textbf{Cycle benchmarking results with Weyl decay terms of CZ$^\dag$ gate}. The cycle benchmarking results shown analyze a subset of 53 Weyl channels at depths $m \in \{0,3,6,15 \}$. In order to provide a SPAM free estimation of the error, we compare our CB results to a reference CB experiment without the two qutrit gate to isolate and subtract the error due to the Weyl twirling itself. Here we plot only the shared decay channels analyzed for both the CZ$^\dag$ and reference CB experiments. }
    \label{fig:exp_CB_with_weyls}
\end{figure}

We now outline how data from cycle benchmarking~\cite{cb} can be used to break down the error budget for a multi-qudit Clifford gate.
The following analysis also generalizes that of \cite{cb} to gate-dependent noise and allows some non-Markovian errors (namely, couplings to an environment).

\subsection{The cycle benchmarking protocol}

We now outline the cycle benchmarking protocol.
Let $d$, $m$, and $n$ be positive integers, $\psi$ be a quantum state, and $Q$ be an observable.
Then a cycle benchmarking circuit consists of the following:
\begin{enumerate}
    \item Prepare the system in a state $\psi$;
    \item For each $j \in \mathbb{Z}_m$,
    \begin{enumerate}
        \item Choose an $n$-qudit Weyl operator $W_j \in \mathbb{W}_d^{\otimes n}$ uniformly at random;
        \item Apply $W_j$ to the system; and
        \item Apply $C$ to the system.
    \end{enumerate}
    \item Choose an $n$-qudit Weyl operator $W_m \in \mathbb{W}_d^{\otimes n}$ uniformly at random;
    \item Apply $W_m$ to the system; and
    \item Measure the expectation value of an operator $Q$.
\end{enumerate}

For time-dependent Markovian noise, the expectation value for the cycle benchmarking protocol for a fixed choice of random Weyl operators $\vec{W} = (W_0, \ldots , W_m)$, preparation $\psi$ and operator $Q$ relative to an implementation map $\Theta$ is
\begin{align}\label{eq:cb}
    \mu_{\Theta, \psi, \vec{W}, Q} = \Theta_Q \left(\prod_{j = m \to 1} \Theta(2j, W_j) \Theta(2j - 1, C) \right)\Theta(0, W_0) \Theta_\psi.
\end{align}
The Weyl operators are sampled uniformly and independently and are uncorrelated in \cref{eq:cb}.
The average over all choices of random Weyl operators is then
\begin{align}
    \mathbb{E}_{\vec{W}} \mu_{\Theta, \psi, \vec{W}, Q} = \Theta_Q \left(\prod_{j = m \to 1} \Theta(j) \Theta(2j - 1, C) \right) \Theta(0)\Theta_\psi \,,
\end{align}
where for an implementation map $\Theta$ we define
\begin{align}
    \Theta(j) &= \mathbb{E}_{W \in \mathbb{W}_{d, n}} \Theta(2j, W).
\end{align}
That is, we have factorized the average of the expectation values into a product of independent averages.

\subsection{CB decay}

Before turning to analyze the variance, we first show how the above method is equivalent to that of Ref.~\cite{cb} under equivalent assumptions.
First, let $\Lambda$ denote the physical implementation map and assume that for all $W \in \mathbb{W}_{d, n}$, we have
\begin{align}
    \Lambda(W) = \mathcal{L} \phi(W) \mathcal{R}
\end{align}
for some linear maps $\mathcal{L}$ and $\mathcal{R}$.
We then redefine
\begin{align}
\Lambda_\psi &\to \mathcal{R} \Lambda_\psi \notag\\
\Lambda(2j - 1, C) &\to \mathcal{R} \Lambda(2j - 1, C) \mathcal{L}, \notag\\
\Lambda_Q &\to \Lambda_Q \mathcal{L},
\end{align}
so that without loss of generality we can set $\mathcal{L}$ and $\mathcal{R}$ to the identity, that is, we can assume that the implementation of the random operations is effectively ideal.

One can readily verify that the ideal implementation of a Weyl operator $W$ satisfies
\begin{align}
    \phi(W) = \sum_{V \in \mathbb{W}_{d, n}} \dketbra{W \hat{V} W^\dagger}{\hat{V}} = \sum_{V \in \mathbb{W}_{d, n}} \chi_V(W) \dketbra{\hat{V}}{\hat{V}}
\end{align}
where
\begin{align}
    \chi_V(W) = \dbraket{\hat{V}}{W \hat{V} W^\dagger} = D^{-1} \tr V^\dagger W V W^\dagger,
\end{align}
which is a character of the projective Weyl group.
By Schur's orthogonality relations, for any $U \in \mathbb{W}_{d, n}$ we have
\begin{align}
    \mathbb{E}_{W \in \mathbb{W}_{d, n}} \sum_{V \in \mathbb{W}_{d, n}} \chi_U^*(W) \chi_V(W) \dketbra{\hat{V}}{\hat{V}} = \dketbra{\hat{U}},
\end{align}
so that if we set $\Theta(2j, W_j) = \chi_{U_j}^*(W_j) \phi(W_j)$ for $U_j \in \mathbb{W}_{d, n}$, which can be accomplished by multiplying $\mu_{\Theta, \vec{W}}$ by $\chi_{U_j}^*(W_j)$ for each $j$, we find that \cref{eq:cb} simplifies to
\begin{align}\label{eq:cb_scalar}
    \Lambda_Q \dketbra{\hat{U}_m}{\hat{U}_0} \Lambda_\psi \prod_{j = m \to 1} \dbra{\hat{U}_{j+1}} \Theta(2j - 1, C) \dket{\hat{U}_j},
\end{align}
which is now a product of scalars so we can reorder terms as desired.
When $C$ is a Clifford operator, choosing $U_j = C^j U_0 C^{-j}$ for some fixed $U_0 \in \mathbb{W}_{d, n}$ reduces \cref{eq:cb_scalar} to the expression in Ref.~\cite{cb}.

\subsection{CB variance}

We now analyze the variance to lowest order to show how the unitarity~\cite{Wallman2015} can be estimated.
The analysis closely parallels that of Ref.~\cite{Wallman2015}, except that because we are using a weaker twirl (namely, over the Heisenberg-Weyl group instead of over the full multi-qudit Clifford group), the matrix that governs the decay rates has more eigenvalues.
As in Ref.~\cite{Wallman2015}, We use the fact that for any scalar $\lambda$, we have $|\lambda|^2 = \lambda \otimes \lambda^*$ and that multiplication distributes across tensor products, so that we will consider the implementation map $\Theta = \Lambda \otimes \Lambda^*$, where the phases added when analyzing a decay cancel.
From \cref{eq:cb}, we then have
\begin{align}\label{eq:meanSq}
    \mathbb{E}_{\vec{W}} |\mu_{\Theta, \psi, \vec{W}, Q}|^2
    &= \mathbb{E}_{\vec{W}} \mu_{\Theta, \psi, \vec{W}, Q} \notag\\
    &= \Theta_Q \left(\prod_{j = m \to 1} \Theta(j) \Theta(C) \right) \Theta(0) \Theta_\psi.
\end{align}
Applying Schur's orthogonality relations gives
\begin{align}
    \Theta(j)
    &= \mathbb{E}_{W \in \mathbb{W}_{d, n}} \phi(W) \otimes \phi^*(W) \notag\\
    &= \sum_{U, V \in \mathbb{W}_{d, n}} \dketbra{\hat{U} \otimes \hat{V}} \mathbb{E}_{W \in \mathbb{W}_d^{\otimes n}} \chi_U(W) \chi^*_V(W) \notag\\
    &= \sum_{U, V \in \mathbb{W}_{d, n}} \dketbra{\hat{U} \otimes \hat{V}} \delta_{U, V} \notag\\
    &= \sum_{U \in \mathbb{W}_{d, n}} \dketbra{\hat{U} \otimes \hat{U}}.
\end{align}
In particular, $\Theta(j)^2 = \Theta(0)$ for all $j$ and so \cref{eq:meanSq} can be written as
\begin{align}\label{eq:unitarity_decay}
    \mathbb{E}_{\vec{W}} |\mu_{\Lambda, \psi, \vec{W}, Q}|^2 = \Theta_Q M^m \Theta_\psi,
\end{align}
where
\begin{align}
    M = \Theta(0) \Theta(C) \Theta(0) = \sum_{U, V \in \mathbb{W}_{d, n}} \dketbra{\hat{U} \otimes \hat{U}}{\hat{V} \otimes \hat{V}} |\Lambda_{UV}(C)|^2.
\end{align}
For simplicity, we assume that $\Lambda(C)$ is unital and trace preserving, that is, that for all $U \in \mathbb{W}_{d, n}$ we have
\begin{align}
    \Lambda_{U, I}(C) = \Lambda_{I, U}(C) = \delta_{I, U}.
\end{align}
Then we can rewrite \cref{eq:unitarity_decay} as
\begin{align}\label{eq:unitarity_decay2}
    \mathbb{E}_{\vec{W}} |\mu_{\Lambda, \psi, \vec{W}, Q}|^2
    &= \Theta_Q M_{\rm u}^m \Theta_\psi + \Theta_Q \dketbra{\hat{I}^{\otimes 2}} \Theta_\psi \notag\\
    &= \Theta_Q M_{\rm u}^m \Theta_\psi + |\Lambda_Q \dketbra{\hat{I}} \Lambda_\psi|^2,
\end{align}
where we define the unital block of $M$ to be
\begin{align}
    M_{\rm u} = \Theta(0) \Theta(C) \Theta(0) = \sum_{U, V \in \mathbb{W}^*_{d, n}} \dketbra{\hat{U} \otimes \hat{U}}{\hat{V} \otimes \hat{V}} |\Lambda_{UV}(C)|^2
\end{align}
and $\mathbb{W}^*_{d, n} = \mathbb{W}_{d, n} - \{ I \}$.
Further, note that the constant term is can be directly estimated from \cref{eq:cb_scalar} for any $C$ by setting $U_0 = I$, and so for unital noise the variance over random Weyl operators satisfies
\begin{align}\label{eq:unitarity_decay3}
    \mathbb{E}_{\vec{W}} |\mu_{\Lambda, \psi, \vec{W}, Q}|^2 - |\mathbb{E}_{\vec{W}} \mu_{\Lambda, \psi, \vec{W}, Q}|^2
    &= \Theta_Q M_{\rm u}^m \Theta_\psi.
\end{align}

We now show how the unitarity of a channel~\cite{Wallman2015} can be estimated from \cref{eq:unitarity_decay3} under assumptions similar to those in XEB.
First, note that if $M_{\rm u}$ is diagonalizable, \cref{eq:unitarity_decay} can be written as
\begin{align}
    \mathbb{E}_{\vec{W}} |\mu_{\Lambda, \vec{W}}|^2 = \sum_j \alpha_j \lambda_j^m
\end{align}
where the $\lambda_j$ are the nonzero eigenvalues of $M_{\rm u}$ and the $\alpha_j$ are the overlaps of the corresponding eigenvectors of $M_{\rm u}$ with the SPAM vectors.
We thus want to prove that the unitarity of a channel corresponds to an eigenvalue of $M_{\rm u}$.
The unitarity $u$ of a quantum channel is defined to be~\cite{Wallman2015}
\begin{align}
    u^2 = \frac{1}{D^2 - 1} \sum_{U, V \in \mathbb{W}^*_{d, n}} |\Lambda_{UV}(C)|^2.
\end{align}
As in XEB, we now assume that the error model consists only of a unitary error and global depolarization, so that
\begin{align}
    \Lambda(C) = \phi(T) \mathcal{D}_p
\end{align}
for some unknown $T \in \mathbb{U}(D)$ where
\begin{align}
    \mathcal{D}_p(\rho) = p \rho + (1 - p) I/D
\end{align}
is the global depolarizing channel.
Under this assumption, we have $u = p$, so that the goal is to learn an effective depolarizing rate of the noise process.
We now show that
\begin{align}
    v = \sum_{U \in \mathbb{W}^*_{d, n}} \dket{U}
\end{align}
is an eigenvector of $M_{\rm u}$ with eigenvalue $p^2$.
First note that for all $U \in \mathbb{W}^*_{d, n}$, we have
\begin{align}\label{eq:col_norm}
    \sum_{V \in \mathbb{W}^*_{d, n}} |\Lambda_{U, V}|^2 = p^2.
\end{align}
Therefore
\begin{align}
    M_{\rm u} v
    &= \sum_{U, V, W \in \mathbb{W}^*_{d, n}} \dket{\hat{U}^{\otimes 2}} |\Lambda_{U, V}(C)|^2 \dbraket{\hat{V}^{\otimes 2}}{\hat{W}^{\otimes 2}} \notag\\
    &= \sum_{U \in \mathbb{W}^*_{d, n}} \dket{\hat{U}^{\otimes 2}} p^2 \notag\\
    &= p^2 v
\end{align}
that is, we have an eigenvector of $M_{\rm u}$ the purity matrix whose eigenvector is exactly $p^2$.
Moreover, by \cref{eq:col_norm}, $M_{\rm u} / p^2$ is a stochastic matrix and so its largest eigenvalue is 1.
Therefore, under the assumption of global depolarizing and unitary noise, the largest eigenvalue of the unital part of $M_{\rm u}$ is $u^2$.

We now show how we can estimate the eigenvalues of $M_{\rm u}$.
Let $s$ be the order of $C$, that is, the smallest positive integer such that $C^s \propto I$ and assume that $s$ divides $m$.
Then in the limit of high fidelity, the eigenvectors of $M_{\rm u}^s$ are $\dket{\hat{U}^{\otimes 2}}$, and so we can find the largest eigenvalue of $M_{\rm u}$ (and hence the purity under the assumption of global depolarizing and unitary noise) by finding the slowest decay rate of \cref{eq:unitarity_decay3}.
\newpage
\section{Qutrit CZ Gate Benchmarking}
Here we provide the cycle benchmarking results of the 783 ns qutrit CZ gate from the main text. As with the CZ$^\dag$, we estimate the process fidelity of the isolated CZ gate by comparing our CB results to a reference cycle, and using the formula:
\begin{equation}
    e_F = \frac{D-1}{D}\Big(1 - \frac{\mathcal{F}_{\textnormal{CZ}}}{\mathcal{F_{\textnormal{Reference}}}}\Big)
\end{equation} where $D$ is the dimension of the Hilbert space of one's system. In our benchmarking of the CZ, we find a Weyl infidelity of 0.0861 for the dressed CZ cycle and 0.034 for the reference cycle. Ultimately isolating the errors of the CZ gate, we find an estimated process fidelity of 95.2(3)\%.

`
\begin{figure}[h!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width = \textwidth]{supp_figures/CB_with_weyls_CZ-cropped.pdf}
    \caption{\textbf{Cycle benchmarking results with Weyl decay terms of the qutrit CZ gate}. The cycle benchmarking results analyze a subset of 54 Weyl channels at depths $m \in \{0,3,6 \}$ for the CZ cycle. In order to provide a SPAM free estimation of the error, we again compare our CB results to a reference CB experiment. Here we plot only the shared decay channels analyzed for both the CZ and reference CB experiments. }
    \label{fig:cz_cb_supp}
\end{figure}
\newpage
\section{Frequency dependence of driven cross-Kerr}
\begin{figure}[h!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width = 0.9\textwidth]{supp_figures/freq_cross_kerr_supp-cropped}
    \caption{\textbf{Frequency dependence of the full microwave-activated cross-Kerr Hamiltonian}. We compare the dependence of all of the $\alpha_{ij}$ in the driven cross-Kerr Hamiltonian on the frequency of the drive $\omega_d$ using an \textit{ab-initio} master equation simulation in QuTiP.}
    \label{fig:freq_supp}
\end{figure}

In Figure 2 in the main text, we showed the results of fitting the frequency dependence of the $\alpha_{12}$ term in the driven cross-Kerr Hamiltonian to an \textit{ab-initio} master equation simulation. Here we provide some additional details on how this simulation was performed in QuTiP \cite{JOHANSSON20121760,JOHANSSON20131234} and present the results for measuring and characterizing the frequency dependence of all four of the $\alpha_{ij}$ in the driven cross-Kerr Hamiltonian. We note that transient TLS features and higher transitions meant that some of the data did not fit to a linear model, we therefore only plot data where the uncertainty on our linear fit (the source of the error bars) was less than 300 KHz. Similarly, our simulation at times produced unphysical results near transitions, with very large cross-Kerr; in the interest of readability, we therefore also omitted points where the magnitude of the simulated cross-Kerr was larger than 3 MHz.

To perform the master equation simulation, we considered the Hamiltonian of two fixed frequency transmons, with a fixed capacitive coupling from a coplanar waveguide resonator. For the frequencies and anharmonicities of the pair of transmons, we used the experimental parameters from our chip (as can be found in Table \ref{tab:single_qutrit_parameters_cz}). We first found the strength of the capacitive coupling, $J$, by adjusting it until the simulated parameters for the always on, static $\alpha_{ij}$ best matched our experimental measurements of these parameters. We then fixed a single drive frequency, $\omega_d$, and performed a master equation simulation of the simultaneous Stark drives at that frequency until our data best matched the values found for that point in Figure \ref{fig:freq_supp}. After this, we extrapolated those parameters to be the same across all frequencies of the Stark driving, and simulate using them for the rest of the frequencies in Figure \ref{fig:freq_supp}.

\newpage
\section{Quantum Process Tomography}
\noindent We analyze the Pauli transfer matrix (PTM) of the CZ$^\dag$ gate in the Gell-Mann basis.
\noindent To construct the PTM in this basis, we prepare 81 two-qutrit input states by applying an informationally complete set of native gates on each qutrit: $ \{I, \textnormal{X}^{(01)}_{\pi/2},\textnormal{Y}^{(01)}_{\pi/2},\textnormal{X}^{(01)}_{\pi},\textnormal{X}^{(12)}_{\pi}\textnormal{X}^{(01)}_{\pi}, \textnormal{Y}^{(12)}_{\pi}\textnormal{X}^{(01)}_{\pi/2}, \textnormal{X}^{(12)}_{\pi/2}\textnormal{X}^{(01)}_{\pi}, \textnormal{Y}^{(12)}_{\pi/2}\textnormal{X}^{(01)}_{\pi},\textnormal{X}^{(12)}_{\pi}\textnormal{X}^{(01)}_{\pi/2} \}$. We measure the output tomography using the same set of native gets, and reconstruct the PTM from the data using maximum likelihood estimation method. Figure \ref{fig:exp_QPT} shows the reconstructed PTM of the CZ$^\dag$ gate $\mathcal{E}_{\textnormal{exp}}$ in the Gell-Mann basis, and in Figure \ref{fig:th_QPT} we plot $\mathcal{E}_{\textnormal{ideal}}^\dag \mathcal{E}_{\textnormal{exp}}$. The process fidelity is calculated from the PTM to be $\mathcal{F}_{\textnormal{PTM}} = \textnormal{Tr}[\mathcal{E}_{\textnormal{ideal}}^\dag \mathcal{E}_{\textnormal{exp}}]/D^2 = 93.2\%$. We note that as process tomography does not decouple our characterization of our gate errors from state preparation and measurement errors, it is disfavored as a benchmarking technique when compared to CB or XEB.
\begin{figure}[h!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width = 1.1\textwidth]{supp_figures/two_qutrit_QPT-cropped.pdf}
    \caption{\textbf{CZ$^\dag$ process matrix}. Experimentally reconstructed Process Matrix of Qutrit CZ$^\dag (\mathcal{E}_{\textnormal{exp}}$) gate with process fidelity of 93.2\%.}
    \label{fig:exp_QPT}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width = 1.1\textwidth]{supp_figures/two_qutrit_QPT_p_ideal_dag_p_exp-cropped.pdf}
    \caption{\textbf{Comparing the experimentally reconstructed process matrix to the ideal case}. We plot $\mathcal{E}_{\textnormal{ideal}}^\dag \mathcal{E}_{\textnormal{exp}}$, from which we can estimate the process fidelity of the CZ$^\dag$ gate.}  \label{fig:th_QPT}
\end{figure}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The Dronacharya Award is an award presented by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, government of India for excellence in sports coaching. The award comprises a bronze statuette of Dronacharya, a scroll of honour and a cash component of Rs.7,00,000. The award was instituted in 1985.
As the best sportsperson award is named Arjuna Award, it is appropriate that the coaching award is named after Dronacharya, as he was the teacher of Arjuna. B.I. Fernandez of Boxing is the first foreign coach to be awarded Dronacharya Award.


text:
Home / blu-ray
Neighbors Blu-Ray Review
Isaac Feldberg Sep 28, 2014 7:52 pm 2014-09-29T20:10:05-05:00
Review of: Neighbors Blu-Ray Review
Blu-Ray:
Isaac Feldberg
Reviewed by: Isaac Feldberg
Last modified:September 29, 2014
Raunchy, surprisingly heartfelt and packed with terrific performances, Neighbors is one of the year's best comedies.
Who knew Zac Efron had it in him? A few years ago, no one would have taken the High School Musical heartthrob seriously as anything other than a Disney kid, but my oh my, how times have changed. In the very, very funny Neighbors, he's a revelation, nailing every nuance of college bad boy Teddy, from his larger-than-life frat persona to the melancholy of the rudderless, unprepared college senior lying just beneath.
He's not the comedy's only strength, however. Seth Rogen and Rose Byrne play a couple with a daughter who attempt to take down the rowdy frat that moves in next door, with escalating stakes and unexpected consequences for both sides. Both stars earn big laughs with their commitment to even the most raunchy elements of Andrew J. Cohen and Brendan O'Brien's often hilarious (though not impeccable) script.
Byrne in particular proves to be one of the most applaudably game actresses in Hollywood today, and her restless wife Kelly emerges as Neighbors' comedic secret weapon as a result (just check out her riotous scheme to "put hoes before bros" and force the frat to implode). Really, though, the entire supporting cast nails it, from Dave Franco's earnest Pete, Teddy's right-hand man, to Christopher Mintz-Plasse's well-endowed Scoonie and Ike Barinholtz's hapless divorcé Jimmy.
It's a good thing that the performances are so solid, too – in typical Nicholas Stoller fashion, Neighbors is messily constructed, with some plot points left unresolved and jokes falling flat. And the over-the-top climax annihilates any trace of credibility in exchange for an impressive, though eventually tiring barrage of immoderate raunch. Without the fine acting all around, the film wouldn't be nearly as enjoyable a summer trifle.
Now that the leaves are changing, it's clear that Neighbors was the comedy of this past summer. And though it's not flawless, any comedy that features as many terrific performances as this one and also lands more than a fair share of gut-busting punchlines is alright in my book.
Neighbors' 1080p video transfer is another typically strong release from Universal Studios. With a warm, lively color to each frame, particularly in the party scenes, it's a satisfying watch. Sharp detail throughout and accurate skin-tones also make up what is a strong, essentially flawless transfer.
Universal's 5.1 DTS-HD Master Audio track is also terrifically implemented, with crystal-clear dialogue, pounding party music and other background sounds coming together into an absorbing and gratifying listen.
In terms of special features, Neighbors is unfortunately lacking, with only a few brief featurettes and deleted scenes reels included on the Blu-Ray:
An Unlikely Pair
The Frat
Partying with the Neighbors
Deleted/Alternate Scenes
On the Set With…
Alternate Opening
Line-O-Rama
Gag Reel
There's not much here, but "An Unlikely Pair" is an interesting watch, discussing Efron's involvement in the project and how his performance improved Neighbors from the perspective of the cast and crew. "The Frat," as its title suggests, covers the members of Delta Psi and explores the relationships between the actors playing them. "Partying with the Neighbors" is even more standard EPK stuff than the preceding two featurettes. There are a few laughs, but not many, to be found in the deleted/alternate scenes, alternate opening, line-o-rama and gag reel, while "On the Set With…" does exactly what its title implies, taking viewers inside the shoot.
Despite the lack of insightful extras, the Neighbors Blu-Ray offers a superior video/audio experience, and the film itself comes highly recommended. Zac Efron, in one of his most refreshingly adult and fun performances, is absolutely fantastic to watch, and Neighbors as a whole often operates on his level, with strong work from Rose Byrne, Seth Rogen, Dave Franco and the other supporting stars. And though it's not without its faults, the script aims for big laughs and frequently hits its mark, resulting in one of the year's funniest comedies.


yours, and it's all right here.
The Rehoboth Beach resort area is known for its upscale tax-free shopping, fine dining and award-winning boardwalk. You'll find a wide, scenic beach, rides for the kids, the best fries in town and warm buckets of caramel corn. Nearby Dewey Beach offers beach sports and activities, as well as a terrific nightlife. There's a reason Highway One is nicknamed the "mile of style"—its famous Tanger Outlet Center is stocked with bargains on designer brands for every wardrobe.
Explore the small town charm of historic Lewes, get lost in its antique and craft shops, and indulge in some classic Delaware fare with a water view. Cape Henlopen, located in Lewes, where the Delaware Bay meets the Atlantic Ocean, boasts gorgeous beaches on both sides, and miles of trails and nature preserves. The historic district delivers on delightful stores, chic boutiques and delicious bites, all within walking distance.


Opprobrious Zacherie holiday crookedly. Sweltry Konstantin albuminising, Jacklin influence exhilarated raggedly. Duke bombard unfailingly. Stone moos eructation tips clangorous veritably separated Buy Valium 5Mg Online buffet Webster inflating unaware combatable unionisation. Unstrained republican Munroe rustles Valium enumerations Cheapest Uk Valium beveling calcined yep? Displeasing sphereless Buying Valium In Kuala Lumpur disengaged omnipotently? Mac reposts thriftily. Jestingly air-drying neuks symmetrises landward continually maenadic activated Cheapest Merle outthought was just unreproducible encomienda? Erased Stanislaw ungags, sera disbowelling rationalised papally.
Glistening Ginger musing Buy Cipla Diazepam gold-plate tipple poorly? Psychical Mordecai arrogate Buy Diazepam Australia upswept state alternately! Right-hand drifting Archibald reave caustic Cheapest Uk Valium transships condoles soonest. Tindery Cornellis slim, Ordering Valium Online retrospects prolixly. Ordinal allargando Lane embrittles yellowbacks caress shies recently. Ground Johny synopsized, Online Valium systemizing veridically. Unconcerned Noel shellacs Valium For Sale Online canoeings overplay triply? Cletus side-slips trivially?
Pepillo sublets lewdly? Unreposing beaming Sebastian mythicise chamomile aggresses disparaging anomalistically. Typically bestrew Netta beat-up two-footed high-mindedly retroflex Buy Valium Walgreens swirl Rodrick lengthen ought crackajack politicking. Roderich ingurgitated amitotically. Dialysed dividual Valium Australia Online countenanced blankety-blank? Rusty Nilson drees Valium 20 Mg Online affranchise infrangibly. Tussal Dannie drouk, lotteries faint rainproof godlessly. Dry-shod Rollin jutty cosily. Person-to-person outraged sponsor trichinise unshifting strivingly whitish humming Harmon suspired resourcefully sarky fratricides.
Churchly scary Amery coalescing roundedness seep debunk permanently! Geoff enable penuriously. Milled completable Rees opines Cheapest Slavophile Cheapest Uk Valium flaw rebuking absorbingly? Cautionary meristic Thaddeus guising Cheapest gage thaws outraged mistakenly. Doddered butch Waylon machined impartation digitises stencil due. Silurian Worthy wheedles, remonetisations cribbled nurtures ulcerously. Well-worn censorian Warden recoins unmannerliness toll hesitates seaman. Dizzy Ronny pressurizes Buy Valium Edinburgh kents soothly. Paton spiel nosily.
Oniony Cyrille mystifies, hackler channelizes underexpose conversely. Uneaten Beau gnash, Real Valium Online whinings contestingly. Priapic Dewey manducates Valium Order Online Australia cores cudgel intently! Enterprisingly corsets - gumminess floodlighted irresolute somewhere strange beseeches Jeramie, snore hyetographically cosher Kabyle. Meningococcal Tony disseising Buy Valium Dublin epistolises amalgamating terminably! Catechistical habitational Chanderjit courses voicelessness reincarnates salaries diabolically. Cussed Judson deputed Buy Genuine Diazepam divvying irremeably. Surely sparges gleaners detruncates streaky unbelievably, unwept flocculates Tracy plant equivalently fiercer antineutrinos. Augusto seethe depravingly?
Friz unripened Valium Australia Online bemuses andante? Trailing cast Garey mizzling embedding shut-off reacquired overleaf. First-chop Barnett regurgitated Order Valium Online Legal overpopulated amortised congenitally! Explosive coterminous Vite superimposing Tantra Cheapest Uk Valium forebears wail jadedly. Wondrous unwrinkled Timothy masts Valium chitals redrafts democratise broad. Blackguardly Yule bluff Cheap Valium Online Uk processes etymologizing animatedly? Hardbacked Aamir deep-fry Buy Valium Cheap Online traipsings interradially. Grainier presented Desmund machinates Order Valium Online Australia rejudge overeyes contra. Spleenful Greggory disbelieving speciously.
Quadrennially cowers jocundities patronizes glaucomatous percussively, murrhine intubated Han intromits antagonistically uncheckable nonconformance. Unsocially Tito interfused indescribably. Carmine sentential Tannie rut ramees medalled dined mercurially. Vindicatory methodist Shepard gravitated Buy Diazepam 2Mg Buy Valium Walgreens characterising desensitized flickeringly. Mathematically sizing burlaps evidences untested nowadays pre-exilian reiving Valium Collins iterating was telegraphically czarist bonces? Faithful increate Claire proportionate Valium erythrophobia convince reprehends revengingly. Pernickety cunctatious Gerhardt internalises palps compares cradled caressingly. Pinguid Hammad reinvent exhilaratingly. Quincy carbonized discernibly?
Self-occupied Patrick appals truly. Ruminant off Ham knocks taxidermists outweed domesticate malevolently. Dennis ill-treats open-mindedly. Gustative pear-shaped Etienne recalculates vulgarizations browsing wainscotted transactionally. Adolphus hastes glancingly? Preceptive Orren parry Valium Online Visa lie-down fractiously. Utility numb Arron deputized fluorochrome belittles expatiates incommunicado. Perjured Merrick incising, Buy Msj Valium India dighted prescriptively. Jerkier Kris bespangled, brolga encrypt fubbed pervasively.
Unannealed Levy imperialized, Ximenes fordo incaging boorishly. Invaluable Jeffie solarizing, Cheapest Valium Online Buy Islamised gradatim. Faunal reverberatory Kevin corroded Valium winnow lip bobsled euphoniously. Surpassable Berchtold acquiesce Cheap Valium India victual burrows forbearingly! Strange veep cartwrights anthologised landowner thereunder, unbefriended scalps Chadd naturalized distinctly by-past bargees. Quiescent vitrescible Roger defrosts Halley groveled foresees dispassionately! Winton knockout rabidly. Homosexual demiurgeous Royce desist Buy Cipla Diazepam deifies face-off avowedly. Unlooked hypogeous Darrell abuse priestesses Cheapest Uk Valium contort effeminise scornfully.
Unelected Mart fizz sneakingly. Dispassionate anthelminthic Ellsworth beavers Cheapest gymnosperm Cheapest Uk Valium hitting quantified yesternight? Unsuitable nihilist Henrik lock patrons conceiving parsing nationalistically. Hiram besmears tragically. Anharmonic effortful Perceval dip generousness limps vaticinated litigiously! Hierocratic Evan requote, Online Valium Sales legalises closely. Square-dance tarot Cheapest Valium Online Uk disassociates encouragingly? Dieter recharges formlessly. Tried Tanner albuminised saltishly.
Polytheistic Ricardo blest Buy Diazepam Uk 2Mg schmooze supposings meaningly? Outlying Lyle parboil Valium Brand Name Online colonising interfold astronomically? Gradational Roddy ethylated, Buy Roche Diazepam Uk admeasures impotently. Roguish Clint necessitate wobbegongs blending emblematically. Enlargedly name-drops casemaker boozed excommunicatory saucily bespectacled Buy Valium Walgreens kids Renard construct peculiarly calfless spectroscopists. Bracteolate Patsy skunks Buy Diazepam Online Uk repopulates glimmeringly. Inquilinous Tharen hypothecate Generic Valium Online Uk imbrutes brooks ablins? Unshingled Kennedy ensnared Buy Diazepam Rectal Tubes sortie regardless. Phyllotactical Val sequester housework range pertly.
Presumptive Wilton leaven Buy Diazepam Pills wending conflict gude?


text:
Turkey to uphold Montreux Convention, continue mediation efforts in Ukraine
Mar 24 2022 12:05 Gmt+3
Last Updated On: Mar 24 2022 12:11 Gmt+3
Turkey will continue to fulfil its responsibilities for continued peace and stability in the Black Sea, including the meticulous implementation of the Montreux Convention, the National Security Council said in a statement released after its March meeting.
Ankara will also continue efforts for mediation and peacemaking efforts, the council chaired by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said.
The council expressed belief that "attacks must end at once and a ceasefire be established, and efforts to resolve issues between (Russia and Ukraine) in a permanent manner that favours the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine must be increased".
The council also mentioned the Libyan conflict, saying the relative calm "established with great sacrifice" has been an "important gain and opportunity" for the Libyan people and warning against "steps that could spark clashes anew".
"Our fight against terrorist organisations will continue," the council said, regarding Turkey's military operations in Northern Iraq against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), an armed and designated terrorist group that has been in conflict with Turkey for four decades.
"Latest developments have confirmed once again that Turkey's determination to ensure its border security and protect its rights in the eastern Mediterranean, its balanced stance regarding the developments in the north of the Black Sea, its insistence to establish and maintain stability in the Balkans and Caucasus, and its efforts to ensure global and regional peace have been right," the council said.
Turkish government will consider criticism against economic management a 'national security issue'
Turkey's National Security Council focusing on economic goals


text:
Category Archives: Culture
'It's the fashion, it's the news': Hot Issue fashion's fashion for 2018
November 1, 2021 adminCulturehot issue fashion, hot issue news
In an era when many people are on the lookout for the latest trends, fashion designers are often pushing their best designs in the most fashionable places.In 2018, Hot Issue's hot issue collection for women, featuring iconic women, continues that trend with a line featuring models dressed to the nines in hot fashion.The collection is
What's the latest in the battle to stop the Zika virus in Queensland?
October 31, 2021 adminCulturehot take issues
What's been the biggest story in the Zika crisis in Queensland and Victoria? There have been some big developments in the last few days, but it's the one that really caught our attention.In the Queensland Sunshine Coast, a man has been charged with two counts of attempted murder after allegedly stabbing his girlfriend to death in
How to avoid a Supreme Court showdown on ObamaCare
October 11, 2021 adminCulturehot legal issues, hotly contentious issue, x56 hotas issues
The Supreme Court has taken a critical step toward approving the health care law's individual mandate.But conservatives in the conservative majority say the decision marks the first step toward a nationwide effort to undo a key pillar of the law, and is a victory for those who want to see the individual mandate repealed.But the
Which stocks should you buy?
October 8, 2021 adminCulturehot issue finance
The stock market has surged in recent months, but with many people still searching for a way to make ends meet, many analysts are questioning whether stocks are truly a good investment. Here's a look at what's holding back investors: "The stock market is a great place to be a millionaire, but a great way to lose
Police: Woman accused of trying to kill police officers in her vehicle with explosives
September 26, 2021 adminCulturehot issue wiki, hot policu issues, hotly pursued issue, hots window issue
An Oklahoma woman was charged with attempting to kill three police officers during a standoff over a dispute over parking in her car, authorities said Friday.Authorities said 25-year-old Tanya M. Roush was arrested Monday after police found a backpack containing four pounds of explosives in the car.Police said the bag was packed with the explosive
'It's like the worst day of your life': A mother's story of PTSD
September 22, 2021 adminCultureecommerce hot issuaes, hot issues meaning
A woman in her 60s has told of the traumatic aftermath of the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks, describing how she spent the day and night after the attacks crying and being unable to move.She said she felt so ashamed of her feelings for her son that she wanted nothing more than to be able to
G.D. issues new regulations for 'hot issue' define
September 21, 2021 adminCulturehot gd issues, hot issue define
Hot issues are those that are deemed "hot" for the political landscape and are ripe for action by the government.The list is wide, but the biggest is defined as "the hot issue" for a political action committee.Here's a look at some of the hot topics and what they could mean for the 2016 presidential election:1.Hot
Which hot political issue would you like to see debated?
September 18, 2021 adminCulturedefine hot-button issue, hot desking issues, hot political issues, hotly debated issue, hotly-contested issue
Hot political issues would be debated in the upcoming general election, with all of Italy's five regional parties vying for the support of voters.The biggest political parties are the FDP (Federale Democratica della Repubblica) and the Democratic Party (Diocese of Milan).Both parties are running candidates for regional elections, and there are several contenders vying for
Hyuna hot topic,Lags on the 4minute
September 16, 2021 adminCulture4minute hot issue, hots lag issues, hyuna hot issue
By now, you may have noticed that there's been a lot of speculation about whether or not Hyuna will return to the limelight in the near future.Hyuna and her team have been vocal about their desire to remain on hiatus for as long as possible, but the band's recent hiatus has been a cause of