text:
require "helper"
require "pathname"

describe Google::Cloud::Vision::Image, :landmarks, :mock_vision do
  let(:filepath) { "acceptance/data/landmark.jpg" }
  let(:image)    { vision.image filepath }

  it "detects multiple landmarks" do
    feature = Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::Feature.new(type: :LANDMARK_DETECTION, max_results: 10)
    req = [
      Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::AnnotateImageRequest.new(
        image: Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::Image.new(content: File.read(filepath, mode: "rb")),
        features: [feature]
      )
    ]
    mock = Minitest::Mock.new
    mock.expect :batch_annotate_images, landmarks_response_grpc, [req]

    vision.service.mocked_service = mock
    landmarks = image.landmarks 10
    mock.verify

    landmarks.count.must_equal 5
  end

  it "detects multiple landmarks without specifying a count" do
    feature = Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::Feature.new(type: :LANDMARK_DETECTION, max_results: 100)
    req = [
      Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::AnnotateImageRequest.new(
        image: Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::Image.new(content: File.read(filepath, mode: "rb")),
        features: [feature]
      )
    ]
    mock = Minitest::Mock.new
    mock.expect :batch_annotate_images, landmarks_response_grpc, [req]

    vision.service.mocked_service = mock
    landmarks = image.landmarks
    mock.verify

    landmarks.count.must_equal 5
  end

  it "detects a landmark" do
    feature = Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::Feature.new(type: :LANDMARK_DETECTION, max_results: 1)
    req = [
      Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::AnnotateImageRequest.new(
        image: Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::Image.new(content: File.read(filepath, mode: "rb")),
        features: [feature]
      )
    ]
    mock = Minitest::Mock.new
    mock.expect :batch_annotate_images, landmark_response_grpc, [req]

    vision.service.mocked_service = mock
    landmark = image.landmark
    mock.verify

    landmark.wont_be :nil?
  end

  def landmark_response_grpc
    Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::BatchAnnotateImagesResponse.new(
      responses: [
        Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::AnnotateImageResponse.new(
          landmark_annotations: [
            landmark_annotation_response
          ]
        )
      ]
    )
  end

  def landmarks_response_grpc
    Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::BatchAnnotateImagesResponse.new(
      responses: [
        Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::AnnotateImageResponse.new(
          landmark_annotations: [
            landmark_annotation_response,
            landmark_annotation_response,
            landmark_annotation_response,
            landmark_annotation_response,
            landmark_annotation_response
          ]
        )
      ]
    )
  end
end


text:
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text:
Home > Success stories
Successful entrepreneurs who risked everything to start a business
Remortgaging their homes, quitting university, and spending their life savings: Read on to get inspired by these start-up stories from UK entrepreneurs
by Shane Donnelly
Updated: Jun 17, 2018 Published: Oct 31, 2016
Meet the entrepreneurs who risked it all to start a business...
It should be of no surprise to any of us that a standard definition of what constitutes an entrepreneur reads: "A person who sets up a business or businesses, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit".
Indeed, risk- taking is seen by many as a fundamental characteristic of an entrepreneur, but it's not just money that's on the line. The Oxford Dictionary defines risk as "a chance or possibility of danger, loss, injury or other adverse consequences".
Risk-takers in the business world aren't just betting against their bank balance. Their livelihoods, reputation and even personal relationships can all entirely depend on the decisions they make.
"Risk-seeking people appear to be motivated by a desire for potential" – Professor Lola L Lopes, 1984
Business books and self-help guides are littered with examples of huge success stories by daring businessmen and women who put everything on the line to realise their start-up dream.
It's no secret that Bill Gates dropped out of Harvard university to create what would become Microsoft, while Oracle founder Larry Ellison would test the patience of his developers by promising early customers non-existent features that he hoped would be built in time.
Although few people will ever match the success of Microsoft or Oracle, the truth of the matter is that all entrepreneurs have taken a huge risk when deciding to set up their business.
Startups.co.uk founder David Lester even gave up a promising career as an accountant to work full time on his first business –a video game company called Impressions.
Ultimately, it's a desire to reach an ambitious end goal, coupled with huge self-belief and passion, that results in so many entrepreneurs being less risk-averse than the average person. For aspiring business men and women, the thought of eventually being your own boss in the long term, outweighs the potential risks of failure.
The Jewish philosopher Maimonides once remarked that: "The risk of a wrong decision is preferable to the terror of indecision", and while it's easy for some to be enthralled by tales of daredevil entrepreneurs seemingly defying all possible odds, the overwhelming majority of risks taken in the business world are weighted up, mulled over and calculated – rather than impulse actions taken on a whim."
In one, entrepreneurs are not risk takers, they're calculated risk takers.
"The best entrepreneurs figure out a way to reduce risk with every step they take"
As Professor Leonard C. Green, a lecturer in Babson College and serial entrepreneur, has commented: "The difference between risk takers and calculated risk takers is the difference between failure and success. Risk takers bet it all on one roll of the dice. If they fail, they fail spectacularly and in such a way that they DON'T live to fight another day. They literally go out in a blaze of attempted glory.
"But this is not what the best entrepreneurs do. They figure out a way to reduce risk with every step they take."
Often fearless, but seldom reckless, UK entrepreneurs take calculated risks everyday – but possibly none is bigger than the initial decision to start a business.
With this in mind, we spoke with a group of inspiring entrepreneurs and start-up founders who have taken thse calculated risks and made some big decisions, to realise their business dream. Prepare to be inspired…
The man who used his life savings to fund his business dream and start again
Founder: Patrick Dudley-Williams
Start-up name: Reef Knots
Launched in: August 2013
It's never a good time to lose your job, but for Patrick Dudley-Williams the timing really couldn't have been any worse.
Two days before his wife gave birth to twins, Dudley-Williams was made redundant from his stock market job and found himself at a crossroads.
Throughout his 13 years in finance, he'd seen many of his peers ditching their ties for fear of looking 'too corporate', wanting something that looked more personal and relaxed instead. With this idea 'eating away' at him for years, Dudley-Williams decided the time was right to go it alone.
Using all of his personal savings, including his redundancy package, Dudley-Williams launched Reef Knots – a specialist in producing and selling handmade ties – a gamble to say the least.
The theory that one's best success comes after one's biggest disappointment is gospel for many business owners, and for Dudley-Williams there was no alternate ending.
The Startups 100-listed company now counts the likes of Boris Johnson, Mike Tindall and even Sir Richard Branson, who famously is adverse to ties but made an exception to support Reef Knots, as customers.
Largely ocean-inspired with regards to its designs, the business also donates a percentage of its profits towards ocean-saving Blue Marine Foundation.
On his decision to risk it all, Dudley-Williams said:
"In my career as a professional investor I was used to taking risk, but it was largely with someone else's money. Risking everything on your own on an idea in your head is something quite different and certainly required a change of mindset.
"That said, if you truly believe in your idea it doesn't really feel like risk in the traditional sense. Before I launched the company, I was so convinced by the concept for Reef Knots that I almost felt like I knew something other people didn't.
"That is essentially where the confidence to go out and build something comes from. The unwavering belief that you will succeed. Once you have that, your risk appetite expands significantly and the risks become manageable.
"I was lucky to have a supportive wife who was equally confident in the prospects for the product and the brand. Her belief in the business and in my ability to deliver it, helped immensely during often lonely start-up phase."
The female entrepreneur who put her home on the line to fund a factory
Founder: Suzanne Brock
Start-up name: Nutriment
Launched in: 2013
Before starting a business, most entrepreneurs will take out a business loan for seed capital. But what happens when the bank lets you down at the last minute?
Well, that's exactly what happened to Suzanne Brock when she launched her raw pet food brand Nutriment. Left with no external finance, the former army officer bit the bullet and decided to remortgage her home to raise the necessary funds to open a factory.
Fast forward to 2016 and Nutriment is now stocked in 350 pet stores and online via Ocado. Staff numbers have grown to 40 and the business now enjoys annual turnover of more than £5m.
Testament to its success, the raw food brand has also opened a second factory on the prestigious Laverstoke Park Farm Estate.
Ranked 25 in the Startups 100 index 2016 and crowned Lean Start-up of the Year at the Startups Awards 2015, Nutriment looks set to continue on a fast-growth ascent.
Looking back at her decision, Brock recalls:
"After a number of years working in the pet food sector and being very passionate about feeding dogs a raw food diet, I decided to make a leap of faith and set up my own company.
"I knew that if we produced a high quality, carefully balanced raw food for dogs, I would be able to sell it. This was the drive behind everything that followed and led me to not allow any hurdle to stop from starting Nutriment. There were a great many hurdles, from the bank failing to follow through with its initial support, to unscrupulous competitors using bullying tactics to put us off.
"In order to open the doors of our factory, I needed to take out a second mortgage on my home and borrow my mum's life savings. It was truly scary to be risking everything for Nutriment but I really believed in the product and our ability to market it and sell it."
The duo who sold everything they owned to realise their business idea
Founders: Greg Duggan and Damian Kennedy
Business name: Wheyhey!
Date launched: 2013
New start-up finance options are being launched all the time in the UK, with more start-ups getting funded than ever before (just look at our funding news).
But back in 2013, Greg Duggan and Damian Kennedy were struggling to find the finance needed to get their business idea for protein ice cream off the ground. Eventually, they sold everything they owned – from cars to flats – in order to raise the necessary cash to kickstart their start-up venture; what would go onto become WheyHey!.
Now backed by £2m funding, including investment from supermodel David Gandy, Wheyhey! has listings with major stockists such as Tesco and has developed a strong exports arm – with sales in Germany and other European countries, and plans to export to the USA.
The entrepreneurial pair's success also saw them recognised as Young Guns in 2015.
On risking it all, Kennedy says:
"I often hear starting a business described as an exhilarating, inspirational rollercoaster ride – a rush of adrenaline and fun. But it's no fairytale. It's intense and life-affirming, sure. But it's also exhausting, risky, all-consuming and one of the most terrifying things you'll ever do!
"Duggan and I sold our worldly possessions and put quite literally everything on the line to make Wheyhey! a reality. At one point, I was living on Duggan's couch to save vital cash we could pump into the business rather than into two lots of rent. And we've almost given up a million times.
"It's hard to put into words the intensity of emotion and pressure you feel when things go from high to low and back again in what feels like an instant.
"The lowest point for us? When our entire stock was left to melt overnight in a faulty freezer we'd hired, when we were just days away from fulfilling our first major order. But we've stuck it out. And some really influential investors have believed in us, and our mission.
"We set out to offer people a healthier option – to deliver great tasting, nutritious foods that are full of protein goodness. We'd had enough of the brands selling indulgence that was just plain bad for you.
"To this day, we've stuck to those principles that made us risk everything. And of course it's all been worth it."
The optician who gave up a promising career to start-up in a new industry
Founders: Jeremy Torz and Steven Macatonia
Business name: Union Hand-Roasted Coffee
For so many people, a dream of starting a business remains just that – a dream.
The sense of security from a regular nine-to-five job often provides too much of an incentive to stick to the status quo – after all starting a business often means forgoing a guaranteed regular income and having a skewed work/life balance. But Jeremy Torz was willing to make the sacrifice.
Having trained as an optician, Torz (pictured right) had set his sights on a long and successful career until he was bitten by the entrepreneurial bug.
Inspired by the coffee roasting scene while he lived in the US, Torz retuned to the UK andm with business partner Steven Macatonia (who himself was working as an immunologist) founded Torz & Macatonia – a precursor to Union Hand-Roasted Coffee.
15 years later, Union Hand-Roasted Coffee now generates more than £11m turnover annually and the duo aim to double this figure in the next three years.
Union Coffee also supplies wholesale specialty coffee and barista training to high street chains such as Harris + Hoole, Gail's Artisan Bakery, Brasserie Blanc and Peach Pubs.
On the decision to leave a guaranteed career for a start-up venture, Torz told Startups:
"I originally trained as an optician but during a career break in San Francisco in the early 1990s, my partner Macatonia and I fell head-over-heels for speciality coffee, which wasn't really available in the UK at the time. The decision to leave a set career path to run a start-up in the nascent craft coffee industry was risky to say the least.
"Thinking back to our Essex workshop, we had only a vague notion of how to roast coffee and how the industry worked.
"The learning curve seemed practically vertical at the time, but it was an utter labour of love, so we learnt, refined and consolidated as we went. Fortunately, it all worked out, and I'm extremely proud of how far Union Coffee has come in the last 15 years.
"While the journey wasn't always easy, it was certainly worth it. Looking back over more than two decades in coffee, Macatonia and I couldn't imagine doing anything else."
The young entrepreneurs who sacrificed a university education to build a business
Founders: Steve Bartlett and Dominic McGregor
Business name: Social Chain
Date launched: November 2014
Dropping out of university to pursue a business in an industry you have no experience in – risky, reckless, foolish even? That's what some outsiders might say about Steve Bartlett and Dominic McGregor's decision to quit their degrees to start a marketing business.
But for these two young Manchester entrepreneurs – aged 24 and 23 respectively – the choice would be one that would change their lives forever and see them become millionaire founders.
Launched in November 2014, Social Chain works with social influencers to control online conversations and generate campaigns for its clients.
With a vast network of social communities and a reach of around 305 million, Social Chain works with huge global brands such as Apple Music and Disney to deliver creative campaigns, and can get any topic trending on Twitter in under 17 minutes – yes, really!
The business has also secured some $2m investment from Germany's NVC, which was used to open an office in Berlin, and there are plans to expand to the US.
So why did Bartlett and McGregor opt to switch lecture halls and seminars for client meetings and boardroom discussions? The pair explain:
"Rather than seeing our lack of experience as a risk, we used it to our advantage. By forging our own path, we were able to defy convention and weren't tied down to any standardised way of thinking.
"What we may have lacked in qualifications, we certainly made up for in entrepreneurial spirit and a propensity for taking risks.
"So what was the great idea that persuaded us both to drop everything and try to make our mark in the world of marketing? To put it simply: the idea that social media, if done correctly, can be harnessed by brands to really get inside the heads of 'millennials' and understand exactly what makes them tick.
"To achieve this we have developed a unique business model; we own and manage content for hundreds of popular social media pages and use social listening tools to accurately measure what is trending and the sentiment behind it.
"Adopting this unconventional marketing method has meant that our business is now on track to reach its target of £8m revenue by the end of the year. Our success is testament to the fact that if you have a brilliant idea then risks really can pay off."
The friends who borrowed money from the 'bank of mum and dad'
Founders: Adam Rossiter and Elliot Dawes
Business name: BULK POWDERS
Speak to some aspiring business owners and they might tell you that asking family members for start-up funding is an 'ask too far', yet it was this 'ask' that enabled Adam Rossiter and Elliot Dawes to build a multi-million pound global company.
Back in 2006, the duo borrowed £6,000 from their parents to start sports nutrition business BULK POWDERS. This finance injection would serve them well – after six years of single-handledly running the business themselves, the pair began to take on staff, delegate and the rest, as they say, is history.
Today, BULK POWDERS is achieving multi-million pound revenues – with the company set to turnover £25m for 2016. It has over 85 employees, over 100,000 fans on social media, and has achieved 100% year-on-year growth in an increasingly competitive marketplace. Rossiter and Dawes' ambition now is to become the world's largest company of its kind by 2018.
Evidently, the founders' decision to gamble their parents' money on their start-up dream was a risky one, but one that paid off. Dawes has said that it was actually less pressure borrowing money from family:
"We took the decision to launch BULK POWDERS as we saw an opportunity to shake up the sports nutrition industry. At that time, the direct to consumer model in sports nutrition was relatively unique, but we took this even further by offering greater product transparency, incredible value for money and a wide range of products.
"It was a growing industry, so we were always quietly confident that we would be successful. Back then though, we had a different definition what constituted success. At the time it was to turn it into a full-time business, which would provide us with a comfortable living whilst doing something we enjoyed. We achieved that relatively early on – so now the goalposts have moved and success looks very different.
"Our lending was fairly small, at only £6,000. Our parents were more than happy to support us. Our investment was used to purchase stock, which we always knew could be resold relatively easily at around cost price if things didn't take off as we hoped. We convinced our parents of this, and they trusted our judgement.
"In a way it was actually less pressure borrowing money from family than it would have been had we borrowed it from an external source. The repayment deadline was flexible, which took the pressure off – and […] we were actually able to repay it within the first year of trading."
Do you want to start a business but are worried about the risks involved? Get more business inspiration here.


Libyan security forces have used tear gas to disperse hundreds of protesters after Friday prayers in Col Gaddafi's stronghold of Tripoli.
Reports from Ras Lanuf described the sound of multiple explosions and heavy artillery on the outskirts of the port. Opposition fighters had reportedly advanced on the city. Pro-Gaddafi forces withdrew to Ras Lanuf two days ago after a battle.
Rebels later said they had seized the airport at Ras Lanuf, while state television reported that the town of Zawiya had been retaken by pro-Gaddafi forces. There was no independent confirmation of either claim.
The Libyan revolt, which broke out in mid-February to end Col Gaddafi's 41-year rule, had appeared to have reached deadlock.
The BBC's Wyre Davies in Tajoura says the protesters were calling for the fall of the Gaddafi government when suddenly police opened fire with dozens of tear gas canisters and baton rounds.
There were violent scenes here, just on the outskirts of Tripoli. This is significant because, of course, Col Gaddafi insists that everybody, especially in the country near Tripoli, loves him and that there are no protests.
What we saw today after Friday prayers was a vociferous protest by anti-Gaddafi demonstrators. Then, all of a sudden, pro-government militia and police came in vehicles screeching into the centre of the suburbs, firing dozens of tear gas canisters and baton rounds.
The scene was chaotic as people ran away but then they came back, shouting anti-Gaddafi slogans.
We knew that Fridays are always significant because a lot of the anti-government protesters gather in and around the mosque and come out into the streets. But this is proof that this isn't just an uprising in the east and perhaps the west of the country, but there are significant elements in and near Tripoli that are opposed to the regime.
Despite the considerable risks they are running, they are prepared to protest and demand the end of a man who has ruled this country for 42 years.
The atmosphere had been tense earlier, as noon prayers began in Tajoura's main mosque, while secret police milled around outside.
There was also a heavy military presence on main roads around the district, where Gaddafi loyalists have been searching cars at checkpoints.
There were unconfirmed reports of mosques having been closed and arrests overnight, while internet services appeared to have been cut off.
The authorities stopped some foreign journalists leaving the main media hotel in Tripoli, saying it was to protect them from "al-Qaeda elements".
Reporters were later told they could leave the hotel on condition they boarded official buses to government-selected locations.
Protests last week after Friday prayers in several districts of the city ended in bloodshed when government forces fired on civilians, witnesses have said.
Pro-Gaddafi militias have been roaming Tripoli in civilian cars, according to residents.
A wave of detentions, killings and disappearances has been reported in the city in recent days.
Bodies of missing people have reportedly been left in the street.
The opposition - a mixture of citizen militias and army defectors armed with machine guns and rocket-propelled grenades - have also been securing Brega in anticipation of a fresh onslaught by Gaddafi loyalists.
Several hundred mercenaries from the Tuareg community in the north African country of Mali have just joined government forces, a senior Malian official told the BBC.
The major western rebel-held cities of Zawiya and Misrata have also repelled attacks by Gaddafi loyalists.
The leader of the opposition National Libyan Council reportedly told cheering crowds in Libya's second city of Benghazi they would not give up.
"We are people who fight, we don't surrender," former Libyan Justice Minister Mustafa Abdel-Jalil, who went over to the opposition last month, was quoted as saying by Reuters news agency.
"Victory or death. We will not stop till we liberate all this country."
The UN refugee agency UNHCR has expressed new concern that people trying to flee into Tunisia may be finding their way blocked by armed pro-government forces, after a sudden drop in the numbers crossing the border.
An estimated 10,000 people a day were crossing the border earlier in the week, but the number suddenly fell to fewer than 2,000 on Thursday, the agency says.
"Many of those who have crossed the border appear to be frightened and are unwilling to speak," UNHCR spokeswoman Melissa Fleming.
"We believe that has implications - that they may have been intimidated in some way."
Tens of thousands of people, most of them migrant workers, have streamed to the border since the unrest began, sparking a humanitarian crisis.


What does the New Year signify to you my dear Tumblr friends?
It has been a hard year for many with challenges of new jobs and loss jobs and other health and personal issues of growing up, love found..love lost and even love misplaced along the way this year… we all struggle with in that wonderful thing we call life and yet another year has come to an end. Every year, the sun sets on the old year, heralding the dawn of a new morning, new year, new era, and new life. With time, we make great strides in personal and professional growth. Each failure becomes a stepping stone, and each success becomes a milestone Many choose the New Year as the time to turn over a new leaf. Smokers vow to kick the foul habit. Some decide to change to a new and improved lifestyle.nThe new diet starts tomorrow…but tonight we live a little Habitual spendthrifts decide to mend their ways. And most of us, who enjoy eating unhealthy food, latch on to the latest dieting fad. The New Year symbolizes the birth of hope, and the renewal of life. Whatever path you are on may the road be cleared of debris and may the promise of tomorrow bring your hopes, dreams and goals one step closer to being realized in 2011.We will open the book again tomorrow. Its pages are blank. We are going to put words on them ourselves. The book is called Opportunity and its first chapter is New Year's Day..write well..write often in the New Year.


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Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Politici di Forza Italia (1994)
Deputati della XII legislatura della Repubblica Italiana
Deputati della XIII legislatura della Repubblica Italiana

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Public sector unions and the provision of public goods
Nov 11, 2015, 8:30-10:00 am EST
Weill Hall, Room 3240
735 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
Open to PhD students and faculty engaged in causal inference in education research.
From the speaker's bio:
Andrew Litten is a doctoral candidate in economics and public policy at the University of Michigan. He studies labor economics and public finance, and his main topics of interest include the economics of education and U.S. tax policy. Before coming to the University of Michigan, Andrew earned a Masters in Public Policy at the University of Chicago in 2011, and prior to that worked in the taxation and assurance divisions of PricewaterhouseCoopers as a CPA.
About CIERS:
public employee unions
Related Policy Topics
Public and nonprofit management


Ok it was not exactly a nice dream, but rather an extremely weird one, one of the weirdest I had in a while. It reeks of some trash that appeared in a B-grade sci-fi horror film, but I will write about it nevertheless.
The entire dream was set in the context of a doomsday situation, with constant dark clouds and sunlight that was a sickly yellow in colour. Doomsday was coming and humans were facing the prospect of annihilation. By who? I do not know.
Suddenly a hole appeared in the sky which sucked in everything. The vortex sucked in a bunch of humans which included me, and I was traveling up a large funnel of air. For a moment I felt fascinated by the experience of standing on thin air and yet traveling upwards, but after a while I realised that the people who traveled further and were above me in the column were being mauled by flailing and swinging steel chains appearing out of nowhere. Blood was raining on me. I closed my eyes and hoped that I would not die.
I woke up in a field of dead bodies framed in the same dark landscape. One body was piled on top of me. I noticed that there were dark figures moving around, looking out for any survivors. Those who survived were skewered with spears. One of them noticed that I was still breathing, and I thought I would die at last when he drove the spear through the body above me to reach me. Fortunately it somehow missed me, and I was left to play dead while withholding my extreme sense of elation.
Somehow I ended up having lunch together with several other disheveled survivors in a clean white room. Almost sterile like an operating theatre. Suddenly one of the dark figures I saw at the previous site sat down beside us. He looked exactly like a Predator, a classic sci-fi horror character I was enamoured with when I was younger. He ate lunch with a knife, and I felt extremely threatened by that fact. His smile was unsettling. I felt like a prisoner, and I soon realised that indeed I was.
We tried to escape a large gorge in which we were rounded up and placed in. Some tried and were duly punished by whipping. I didn't try.


text:
Nobelprize 2021
Ernst Haage Prize
Ziegler Lectures
Year Book Articles
Mülheim and Surrounding
Homogeneous Catalysis
Heterogeneous Catalysis
Wolfgang N. Schmidt
Organometallic Chemistry
Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy
Alexander Auer
Biocatalysis
Manfred T. Reetz
Christian Baumert: Library
Christophe Farès: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Christian W. Lehmann: Chemical Crystallography and Electron Microscopy
Wolfgang Schrader: Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
Nils Theyssen: Technical Laboratories and Central Safety
Claudia Weidenthaler: XRD & Spectroscopy
Previous Group Leaders
Teachers and Students
silver boosts the production rate of green hydrogen
A bit of silver boosts the production rate of green hydrogen
outstanding publication in 'Angewandte Chemie' on a highly relevant subject
Dual function of silver on cobalt oxide for OER
A team of scientists at the Mülheim Chemistry Campus (MPI für Kohlenforschung + MPI for Chemical Energy Conversion) presents the possibility of electrocatalysts based on active cobalt oxide with silver coupling, thus paving the way for more effective production of green hydrogen - the sustainable "oil" of tomorrow.
The implementation of diverse renewable energy technologies is the ultimate solution to the crisis of fossil fuels and climate change in our generation. One of the most promising renewable energy technologies is water electrolysis for the production of green hydrogen, which is called as the clean "oil" of tomorrow. Promoting green hydrogen in the energy system as well as chemical industries is taking place in many countries around the world. This includes Germany: the Federal Government of Germany recently released a new National Hydrogen Strategy and established National Hydrogen Council. "In doing so, we are creating jobs for many young people, strengthening Germany's leadership on technology, and helping to reach international climate targets" said Dr. Gerd Müller, Federal Minister for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Water electrolysis consists of two half reactions, producing hydrogen and oxygen at cathode and anode, respectively. The anode reaction, namely oxygen evolution reaction (OER), is kinetically more challenging and thus requires much more electrical energy comparing the other half reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction. By bar, most of benchmarking OER catalysts are based on noble metals, such as iridium and ruthenium oxides. The scarcity and high cost of noble metals hinder their practical application, especially in a scale that deals with global supply of renewable energy. An alternative solution is to design OER catalysts using earth abundant metals without sacrificing the catalytic activity.
Mingquan Yu, PhD student in the research group of Priv.-Doz. Dr. Harun Tüysüz at the MPI für Kohlenforschung and Rebeca Gomez Castillo, PhD student in the Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy of Prof. Serena DeBeer at the MPI CEC, are both students of the IMPRS-RECHARGE. Together with other scientists from both Max Planck Institutes in Mülheim, such as Priv.-Doz. Dr. Clauda Weidenthaler, they have published a study within the Collaborative Research Centre/TRR 247 in the journal 'Angewandte Chemie' as "VIP" (Very Important Paper).
Members of the Tüysüz research group have been focusing on design and development of cobalt-based oxides as promising OER catalysts to speed up the hydrogen production. Scientists of both institutes demonstrated the beneficial role of silver on the OER activity of cobalt oxides. Silver was found to be present in two phases playing dual role on cobalt catalyst: (1) metallic silver nanoparticles embedded in ordered mesoporous cobalt oxide increase the conductivity of electrocatalyst, and (2) ultrasmall silver oxide clusters (~ 2 nm) on the surface cause the electrochemical activation via uptake of iron impurities from KOH electrolyte. Due to the synergy of these two silver species, adding a bit of silver (less than 4 at. %) brings a more than twofold enhancement of the reaction rate, by delivering a catalytic current density of 211 mA/cm2 at 1.7 V, in comparison to pristine cobalt oxide (102 mA/cm2). This study not only puts forward a direct way to construct active cobalt oxide based electrocatalysts with silver coupling for green hydrogen generation, but also provides experimental evidences on the active role of iron species originated from KOH electrolyte.
Original Publication: Yu, M., Moon, G., Castillo, R., Weidenthaler, C., DeBeer, S., Tüysüz, H*. Dual Role of Silver Moieties Coupled with Ordered Mesoporous Cobalt Oxide towards Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. doi.org/10.1002/anie.202003801.
Claudia Weidenthaler now an Associate Professor
The University of Duisburg-Essen has now officially appointed PD Dr. Claudia Weidenthaler, group leader at the Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, as an Associate Professor.
An exchange from which both sides benefit: School students of the Karl Ziegler Schule spend an experimental day at the MPI
Polymer chemistry is on the curriculum of secondary schools so that high school students are familiar to run reactions on polymerization in the school lab. But why not visit the place where a groundbreaking process for the production of plastics at low pressure was discovered? This becomes even more evident when you consider that Karl Ziegler – the…
On the way to Green Ammonia
Researchers of the Kohlenforschung participate in an international project. They are funded by the European Union with 300,000 euros.
MPI is partner of new international Max Planck Research School on Sustainable Metallurgy
German Zeolite Conference 2021 will take place on March 10 - 11 as an online-conference
Discovery of New Solid Catalysts for Water Electrolysis
The new type of OER electrocatalyst has been discovered by PD Dr. Harun Tüysüz (Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung), Prof. Dr. Claudia Felser (Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe) and co-workers.
MPI für Kohlenforschung continues to participate in the Carbon2Chem project for a climate-friendly industry:
Mülheim institute will provide mechanistic studies on catalysts
PD Dr. Harun Tüysüz receives German-French Research Prize "Forcheurs Jean-Marie Lehn Prize 2020"
Heterogeneous Catalysis and Sustainable Energy (Dr Tüysüz)
May we introduce: female scientists at the MPI für Kohlenforschung.
Two female staff members from the MPI für Kohlenforschung talk about their way into the job.
Registration is open for DECHEMA Prize 2019 - Online-Event on August 27th with talk on "Nanostructured Catalysts for Water Electrolysis" by PD Dr. Harun Tüysüz
Harun Tüysüz from the MPI für Kohlenforschung receives DECHEMA Prize 2019 for his work on the development of heterogeneous catalysts
The award is granted for his outstanding work on the development of catalysts that can be used both for chemical syntheses and for energy conversion.
Contact and route description


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Maria Blennerhassett1
Maria Blennerhassett was the daughter of Henry Blennerhassett and Anne Bell.1 She died as an infant.1
[S47] BIFR1976 Blennerhassett, page 140. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S47]
Arthur Thomas Blennerhassett1
Last Edited=14 Jun 2008
Arthur Thomas Blennerhassett was the son of Richard Blennerhassett and Hon. Elizabeth de Moleyns.1 He married Sarah de Moleyns, daughter of Hon. Richard de Moleyns and Jane Guyon Grey, in November 1829.1
He lived at Tralee, County Kerry, IrelandG.2 He was also known as Thomas Arthur Blennerhassett.2 He lived at Ballymacprior, Killorglin, County Kerry, IrelandG.1
Children of Arthur Thomas Blennerhassett and Sarah de Moleyns
Richard Blennerhassett+1 d. 1868
Henry Blennerhassett1
William Blennerhassett1
Madeline Blennerhassett1
Eliza Jane Blennerhassett+1
Charlotte Henley Blennerhassett1
Evelyn Florence Blennerhassett+1
Sarah de Moleyns1
F, #279573, d. 18 December 1881
Sarah de Moleyns was the daughter of Hon. Richard de Moleyns and Jane Guyon Grey.1,2 She married Arthur Thomas Blennerhassett, son of Richard Blennerhassett and Hon. Elizabeth de Moleyns, in November 1829.1 She died on 18 December 1881.1
She was also known as Sarah Mullins.2 From November 1829, her married name became Blennerhassett.1
Children of Sarah de Moleyns and Arthur Thomas Blennerhassett
Hon. Richard de Moleyns1
Last Edited=8 May 2011
Hon. Richard de Moleyns was born in 1766.2 He was the son of Thomas Mullins, 1st Baron Ventry and Elizabeth Gunn.3,2 He married Jane Guyon Grey on 2 October 1798.2
He was also known as Richard Mullins.2 He gained the rank of Captain in the 31st Regiment, West Indies.1 He fought in the Walcheren Expedition in 1809.2
Children of Hon. Richard de Moleyns and Jane Guyon Grey
Sarah de Moleyns+1 d. 18 Dec 1881
Richard Townsend de Moleyns4 d. 1850
Jane de Moleyns4 d. 5 Jan 1866
Madeleine Rhoda de Moleyns4 d. 25 May 1885
[S34] BP1970 page 2702. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S34]
Richard Blennerhassett1
M, #279575, d. 1868
Richard Blennerhassett was the son of Arthur Thomas Blennerhassett and Sarah de Moleyns.1 He married Elizabeth Bird, daughter of Captain Wilberforce Bird.1 He died in 1868.1
He graduated with a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.)1
Children of Richard Blennerhassett and Elizabeth Bird
unknown Blennerhassett1
Lucy Blennerhassett1
Elizabeth Bird1
Elizabeth Bird was the daughter of Captain Wilberforce Bird.1 She married Richard Blennerhassett, son of Arthur Thomas Blennerhassett and Sarah de Moleyns.1
She was a first cousin of the Most Rev. John Bird Sumner, Archbishop of Canterbury.1 Her married name became Blennerhassett.1
Children of Elizabeth Bird and Richard Blennerhassett
Captain Wilberforce Bird1
Captain Wilberforce Bird gained the rank of Captain in the Royal Navy.1
Child of Captain Wilberforce Bird
Elizabeth Bird+1
unknown Blennerhassett was the son of Richard Blennerhassett and Elizabeth Bird.1 He died as an infant.1
Lucy Blennerhassett was the daughter of Richard Blennerhassett and Elizabeth Bird.1
Henry Blennerhassett was the son of Arthur Thomas Blennerhassett and Sarah de Moleyns.1 He died as an infant.1


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Virginia Tech Finishes Last Hokie Belt Challenge Of 2021-22 Season
The Hokies looked impressive in the water on Saturday as orange and maroon battled for the Hokie Belt. Current photo via Virginia Tech Athletics
More College
One week after announcing his official move to Austin, Casas made his Longhorn debut at the Eddie Reese Invite, racing the 150 back/150 fly/50 free.
Derek Maas, Rhyan White & Riley Gaines Named SEC Swimmers of the Week
Alabama's Rhyan White won three events in Alabama's dual with Auburn, earning her co-SEC Women's Swimmer of the Week honors.
by SwimSwam 0
January 14th, 2022 College, News
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Courtesy: Virginia Tech Athletics
The Hokies looked impressive in the water on Saturday as orange and maroon battled for the Hokie Belt.
Women's Highlights –
Megan Judge got things rolling for the Hokies with a win in the women's 200 freestyle. Judge did this in a season best time of 1:49.03, touching 2.95 seconds ahead of the second place finisher.
Emma Atkinson was dominant with two individual wins in the 100 and 200 yard backstrokes. Her times of 53.58 in the 100 and 1:55.32 in the 200 were easily fast enough to get her hand on the wall first.
Anna Landon had a great day with a win in the 100 breast (1:04.15). This time was enough to top her season best from the Ohio State Invitational. Landon was also a part of the winning 400 freestyle relay team as the third leg, which finished in a time of 3:22.01.
Morgan Miller had a strong win in the 200 butterfly (2:00.10) overtaking Reka Gyorgy (2:00.75) on the final 50 to grab first place. Later in the meet, Gyorgy secured her own first place finish over Miller in the 500 freestyle, each finishing in a time of 4:54.23 and 4:55.53 respectfully. The senior then went on to grab another win as a part of the 400 freestyle relay.
Sarah Shackelford was on fire finishing with a win in three separate events. She got started with a narrow win in the 50 freestyle (22.82) over teammate Anna Landon (22.87). After the break, Shackelford followed that up with a blistering win in the 100 freestyle, finishing in her season best time of 49.33. She then closed the meet out alongside Landon, Gyorgy, and Caroline Bentz to win the 400 freestyle relay handily.
Luana Alonso looked blazing fast from start to finish in the 100 butterfly (53.05), grabbing herself a win in her first meet with the Hokies. Rounding out the meet with individual wins were Charlotte Rigg in the 200 breast (2:18.62) for a new personal best and Rose Pouch touching first in the 200 IM (2:04.87).
Men's Highlights –
Luis Dominguez continued his impressive freshmen season touching first in the 200 freestyle (1:36.78) and with a win as a part of the 400 freestyle relay (2:53.93).
Sam Tornqvist had himself an amazing day with a pair of first place finishes in the 100 and 200 backstroke. Tornqvist won both events finishing the 100 in a season best 46.87 and the 200 by over two seconds ahead of the second place finisher in 1:44.74.
Aj Pouch narrowly got his hand on the wall first in both the 100 and 200 breast. Pouch won the 100 in a time of 54.44 while later winning the 200 in a blistering time of 1:57.96.
Antani Ivanov had arguably one of the most impressive showings of the day. Reeling in three first place finishes in the 200 butterfly, 500 freestyle, and as a part of the 400 freestyle relay. Ivanov's 200 fly was a season best finishing in a jaw dropping time of 1:41.36. The senior's 500 freestyle (4:21.73) was fast enough to win by almost ten seconds over the second place finisher.
Youssef Ramadan grabbed himself three wins today, as well. Ramadan won the 50 freestyle in aswift 19.36. After the break Ramadan got his hand on the wall first in the 100 butterfly by over a second in a quick time of 45.36, before closing the meet out as a member of the winning 400 freestyle relay team.
Just before leading off the winning 400 freestyle relay, Carles Coll Marti dominated the field in the 200 IM. Coll Marti's time of 1:44.82 was fast enough to win by over 5 seconds ahead of second place.
Rounding out the first place finishers for the men was senior Tommy Hallock winning the 100 freestyle in a time of 44.82.
This weekend, on January 15th at 11am, the Hokies will host UVA at the Christiansburg Aquatic Center to kick off their first dual meet of the new year.
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