text:
\section{Introduction}
Recently the electron correlation effect
in the strong coupling Hubbard model
around half filling has been intensively investigated.
Since Nagaoka showed
the existence of itinerant ferromagnetic ground state
in the limit
$U\rightarrow\infty$ and $n\rightarrow 1$,~\cite{rf:Nagaoka}
several authors~\cite{rf:Roth,rf:RR,rf:Shastry,rf:BE,rf:vdLE,rf:HUM}
attempted variational estimate of
the stability of the ferromagnetic state in this limit.
On the other side, there are works trying to
investigate the metal-insulator transition
from the ferromagnetic side.
In particular, the two-body problem of a particle-hole pair
in the half filled band was treated
as an exactly solvable case of the Mott transition
by several authors.~\cite{rf:Kohn,rf:DJK1,rf:LJ,rf:vDJ}
To describe physically relevant situations in this approach,
one must treat the many-body problem of the particle-hole bound states.
For example, one may use the BCS-type mean-field approximation
when the ground state is
magnetically ordered.~\cite{rf:LJ,rf:DJK2,rf:KJSW}

In this paper
we discuss stability of the Nagaoka ferromagnetic state,
with the problem of the metal-insulator transition in mind.
We show that the ferromagnetic state in the over-doped region
of the strong coupling Hubbard model is destabilized by
the individual-particle excitation,
as Shastry et al. noted.~\cite{rf:Shastry}\
However it is found that in almost all the other region
the instability is controlled by softening of the spin-wave stiffness.
In \ref{sec:SFS}, we give a phase diagram showing this feature
on the basis of a variational trial state.
We estimate an upper bound for $\kappa$,
which is defined by $\kappa\equiv zt/U_{\rm c}x$
for the ferromagnetic threshold
in the limit $U\rightarrow\infty$ and $x=1-n\rightarrow 0$.
Stability of the double exchange ferromagnet is discussed
in \ref{sec:Dex}.
Incidentally, in Appendix \ref{sec:n=1},
we discuss that the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model can be reproduced
by using the results of the two-body problem, or
from the spin wave in the insulating ferromagnetic state.
Mathematical details
are given in Appendix \ref{ap:Math}.

\section{Variational description of the spin-wave excited state}
\subsection{Random phase approximation}
\label{sec:RPA}
First investigate the ferromagnetic state,
\begin{equation}
|{\rm F}\rangle\equiv
\prod_{\varepsilon_k<\varepsilon_f} c^\dagger_{k\uparrow}|0\rangle,
\label{RPAF}
\end{equation}
of the Hubbard model,
\begin{eqnarray}
H&=&-\sum_{i,j,\sigma}t_{ij}
c^{\dagger}_{i\sigma}c_{j\sigma}+
U\sum_{i}\hat{n}_{i\uparrow}\hat{n}_{i\downarrow}\nonumber\\
&=&\sum_{k\sigma}\varepsilon_k
c^{\dagger}_{k\sigma}c_{k\sigma}+
U\sum_{i}\hat{n}_{i\uparrow}\hat{n}_{i\downarrow}.
\label{HM}
\end{eqnarray}
By way of illustration,
here we present results obtained
in the random phase approximation (RPA) first.
To this end, we may use the following trial state
for the spin-wave excited state;
\begin{equation}
|\Psi_q\rangle=b^\dagger_q|{\rm F}\rangle,
\label{Psiq}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
b^\dagger_q&\equiv&\frac{1}{\sqrt{L}}
\sum_{i,j}f_q(r_j-r_i)c^\dagger_{i\downarrow}
c_{j\uparrow}e^{iqr_i}
\label{Df:ar}\\
&=&\frac{1}{\sqrt{L}}\sum_k f_q(k)c^\dagger_{k+q\downarrow}c_{k\uparrow},
\label{Df:ak}
\end{eqnarray}
and $L$ denotes the total number of lattice sites.
Then we obtain
\begin{eqnarray}
\langle {\rm F}|b_q[H,b^\dagger_q]|{\rm F}\rangle
&=&\frac{1}{L}\sum_k n_k(\varepsilon_{k+q}-\varepsilon_k+Un)
|f_q(k)|^2\nonumber\\
&&-U\left|\frac{1}{L}\sum_k n_k f_q(k)\right|^2,\label{rpah}\\
\langle {\rm F}|b_qb^\dagger_q|{\rm F}\rangle
&=&\frac{1}{L}\sum_k n_k|f_q(k)|^2,\label{rpan}
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{equation}
n_k=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}1,&\qquad\varepsilon_k<\varepsilon_f\\
0,&\qquad\varepsilon_k>\varepsilon_f\end{array}\right.
\end{equation}
and carrier density $n$ is defined by
\[
n\equiv\frac{1}{L}\sum_k\langle {\rm F}| n_k|{\rm F}\rangle.
\]
Taking functional derivative of
\begin{equation}
\omega_q=
\frac{\langle {\rm F}|b_q[H,b^\dagger_q]|{\rm F}\rangle}{
\langle {\rm F}|b_qb^\dagger_q|{\rm F}\rangle},\label{rpaom}
\end{equation}
with respect to $f_q(k)$,
we obtain
\begin{equation}
f_q(k)=\frac{1}{
\varepsilon_{k+q}-\varepsilon_k+Un-\omega_q}
\frac{U}{L}\sum_k n_k f_q(k).
\label{eq:fq}
\end{equation}
Summing $n_k f_q(k)$ over $k$,
we have the eigenequation
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{L}\sum_k \frac{n_k}{
\varepsilon_{k+q}-\varepsilon_k+Un-\omega_q}=\frac{1}{U}.
\label{EEforn<1}
\end{equation}
Substituting $f_q(k')=\delta_{kk'}$ in Eqs. (\ref{rpah}),
(\ref{rpan}) and (\ref{rpaom}),
we obtain
\begin{equation}
\eta_q(k)=\varepsilon_{k+q}-\varepsilon_k+Un,
\end{equation}
for the energy of the particle-hole continuum.
The bound state (spin wave) energy $\omega_q$ is given
as a solution of Eq.~(\ref{EEforn<1}).
In particular, for a tight-binding dispersion in a square lattice,
the results are shown in
Fig.~\ref{fig:1} for ${\bf q}=(q,q)$ $(0\le q\le \pi)$
for various values of $n$.
The spin-wave part of Fig.~\ref{fig:1} is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:2}.
The result for $n=1$
reproduces the two-body result given in Appendix \ref{sec:n=1}.
Discussion based on Eq.~(\ref{EEforn<1})
is equivalent to the random phase approximation
which properly takes into account the two-body correlation effect
of the particle-hole ladder.
In all of the cases shown in the figures,
the ferromagnetic state is unstable to
the spin-wave excitation.

From these results, we observe several points.
(i) $\omega_q$ and $\eta_q(k)$ are separated by energy gap
of order $U$. (Fig.~\ref{fig:1}.)
(ii) The band width of $\omega_q$ becomes narrow
and (iii) the minimum of $\omega_q$ moves away from
${\bf q}={\bf Q}=(\pi,\pi)$
as density of holes increases (Fig.~\ref{fig:2}).
For example, the minimum of
$\omega_q$ for $U/4t=4$ and $n=0.9$
lies at ${\bf q}=(\pi,0.3\pi)$.
With respect to (iii),
we are led to the following speculation;
beyond spin-wave instability,
the spin wave with momentum $q=q_{\rm min}$
which gives the minimum $\omega_q\le 0$
will be set to populate the ferromagnetic state,
resulting in Bose-Einstein condensation
of the boson $b^\dagger_{q_{\rm min}}$.
In particular, around half filling $n\alt 1$,
the resulting state will be
the commensurate N\'eel ordered phase with ${\bf q}={\bf Q}$.
Upon doping $n\alt 0.93$, e.g. for $U/4t=4$,
the resulting phase will become the spiral state with
incommensurate modulation ${\bf q}\ne {\bf Q}$.
Qualitatively this is consistent with the result of
recent studies.~\cite{rf:spiral,rf:spiral2,rf:spiral3}\
Moreover, further hole doping ($n\alt 0.82$ for $U/4t=4$)
stabilizes the ferromagnetic state,
just as concluded
from the mean-field treatment.~\cite{rf:spiral2,rf:spiral3}\
However,
the latter point on the stability of the ferromagnetic state
as well as the above point (i) are shown
to be modified
by improving the approximation.

\subsection{Improved trial state}
\label{sec:ITS}
Next we consider the following creation operator
to improve the trial state created by Eq.~(\ref{Df:ar});
\begin{equation}
b^\dagger_q\equiv\frac{1}{\sqrt{L}}
\sum_{i,j}f_q(r_j-r_i)
c^\dagger_{i\downarrow}\left(\sin\theta+\cos\theta
c_{i\uparrow}c^\dagger_{i\uparrow}\right)
c_{j\uparrow}e^{iqr_i}.
\label{ImpTrial}
\end{equation}
The wavefunction of this form was first used by
Roth~\cite{rf:Roth} and also adopted later by
Shastry et al.~\cite{rf:Shastry}
to investigate stability of the Nagaoka ferromagnetic state.
However, since the spin wave spectrum for general $q$ and
finite $U$ derived from (\ref{ImpTrial}),
which turns out to be important for our purpose,
has not yet been thoroughly investigated,
we derive results by ourselves from the outset.
Mathematical details are deferred to Appendix \ref{ap:Math}.
Below we show only results
to compare them with those given in the last subsection.

For the square lattice,
the bottom of the continuum $\eta_{q{\rm min}}$
and $\omega_q$
for ${\bf q}=(q,q)$ ($0\le q \le \pi$) and  $U/4t=5$
are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:3},
and $\omega_q$ for various values of $n$
are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:4}.
These are to be compared with Fig.~\ref{fig:1} and
Fig.~\ref{fig:2}, respectively.
As for $\omega_q$,
in the slightly doped region $1-n\ll 1$,
the results are not modified considerably from those of the RPA.
On the other side, the individual particle-hole
spectrum presents a striking contrast
as is clear from Fig.~\ref{fig:1} and Fig.~\ref{fig:3}.
In the improved estimate, the continuum
no more has energy of order $U$, but
it forms a flat band lying in the low energy region.
This is because of the fact that
vacancy made through the hole doping
enables particles to hop around,
though it is a quite restricted motion.~\cite{rf:Shastry}
As the density of hole $1-n$ increases,
the band width of $\eta_q$ broadens and
finally we have a vanishing binding energy
$\Delta_q\equiv\eta_{q{\rm min}}-\omega_q$
for $q$ which gives the lowest $\omega_q$,
as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:3}.
In the over-doped region, therefore,
the spin wave for $q\sim q_{\rm min}$
cannot be regarded as a well-defined bound state.

\section{Instability of the ferromagnetic state}
\subsection{Hubbard model}
\label{sec:SFS}
In our previous papers,~\cite{rf:TOdex,rf:TOhund}\
we discussed stability of itinerant ferromagnets
on the basis of a model comprising degenerate orbitals.
In the strong coupling limit, we observed
that the instability condition derived from
the individual particle excitation is more stringent
than the condition concluded for the spin wave instability.
Therefore,
putting more emphasis on the study of
the individual particle excitation
than for the spin wave spectrum,
we calculated the critical interaction $U_{\rm c}$
below which excitation energy of the individual particle-hole pair
becomes negative
as a function of carrier density $n$.~\cite{rf:TOdex}\
The result for the Hubbard model
was that $U_{\rm c}$ approaches a finite value
as $n\rightarrow 1$ both for a square
and a simple cubic lattice.
In other words,
we could not prove instability of the Nagaoka ferromagnetic state
in the under-doped strong-coupling region,
even though more elaborated trial state than
that derived from Eq.~(\ref{ImpTrial})
is used to estimate energy of the individual-particle excitation.
On the contrary, for the Hubbard model,
a simple argument can be given, indicating
that $U_{\rm c}$ should become infinity as $n\rightarrow 1$.
To show this,
one may consider the case where holes of concentration $x=1-n$
are doped into the half-filled Hubbard model.
If $x$ is small enough, energy of the complete ferromagnetic state
is given by $-xzt$ per site.
On the other hand,
energy of the antiferromagnetic configuration
is $-2zt^2/U+O(x)$ per site.
Therefore, equating these two,
the critical boundary is expected
to take the form $zt/U_{\rm c}\propto x$,
as was noted by Nagaoka.~\cite{rf:Nagaoka}\
This argument however does not tell us
whether the instability is brought about locally
(continuously) or globally.
We show that it is in fact given as
a local instability by investigating the spin wave excitation
for a strong but finite interaction energy.
It is noted here that a quantitative aspect of the above fact
was addressed in a recent work by Hanisch et al,~\cite{rf:HUM}
where emphasis is put on
how far the stable region of the Nagaoka state can be reduced,
rather than its physical origin of our concern.

We display the inverse of the critical coupling
as a function of $n$ in Fig.\ref{fig:5} and Fig.\ref{fig:6}
for a square and a simple cubic lattice,
respectively.~\cite{rf:com2}
In the figures, threshold curves
determined using Eq.~(\ref{ImpTrial}) are shown.
These are calculated by the conditions
$\eta_{\rm min}=0$ (dashed), $\omega_{Q}=0$ (long-dashed)
and $D=0$ (solid line),
where $\eta_{\rm min}$ is the minimum value of $\eta_q(k)$.
In the region above the curves,
the ferromagnetic state is absolutely unstable.
Mathematical details for $\eta_q$, $\omega_q$ and $D$
are given in  Appendix \ref{ap:Math}.
The stiffness constant $D$ for the case $zt/U=0$
was shown as a function of $n$ in Ref.~\cite{rf:TOdex}.
In Fig.\ref{fig:5}, threshold by
$D_{\rm RPA}=0$ using Eq.~(\ref{ap:Drpa})
is also shown.
It is clear how the trial state (\ref{ImpTrial})
improves the result of the RPA;
in the latter we cannot prove instability for any $n$
in the strong coupling region.

The figures show that,
in the strong coupling limit $zt/U=0$,
the individual particle excitation
(dashed curve) brings about instability
prior to the softening of the stiffness constant
(solid curve),
just in accordance with our previous results.
However the phase boundary in the other region
is primarily determined by the spin-wave instability, $D<0$.
In particular, in the region $U\rightarrow\infty$ and
$n\rightarrow1$,
the phase boundary is of the form $zt/U_{\rm c}=\kappa x$
and is determined by the spin-wave instability.
In this limit, we cannot distinguish the two results by $\omega_Q=0$
and $D=0$,
which in turn do not differ appreciably from $D_{\rm RPA}=0$.
Physically we may say that
the spin-wave instability determines threshold for ferromagnetism
in the region where the metal-insulator transition
is likely to occur.
A similar behavior is observed also for the double exchange ferromagnet
as shown in the next subsection.

As for $\kappa\equiv zt/U_{\rm c}x$,
our calculation gives $\kappa=1.08$ for the square lattice ($z=4$).
For the simple cubic lattice ($z=6$),
we obtained $\kappa=2.08$, which
is better than $\kappa =3.96$ of Richmond and Rickayzen,~\cite{rf:RR}
who estimated $\kappa$ by assuming a flipped spin
to stay at a single site,
i.e., not to hop around in a lattice as the spin wave does.
For reference, we cite Nagaoka's estimate~\cite{rf:Nagaoka}
$\kappa=1.47$ for a simple cubic lattice.
This value, however, is not to be compared with our result since
the former does not have a variational significance.
Our result, being based on the variational treatment,
sets the exact upper bound for the
true value of $\kappa$.

\subsection{Double exchange model}
\label{sec:Dex}
Next, we consider
the ferromagnetic Kondo lattice (double exchange) model,
\begin{equation}
H=-t\sum_{i,j,\sigma}c^\dagger_{i\sigma}c_{j\sigma}
+U\sum_i n_{i\uparrow}n_{i\downarrow}
-J'\sum_i {\bf S}_{fi}\cdot{\bf s}_i
+\frac{J'S_f}{2}\sum_{i,\sigma}n_{i\sigma},
\label{fKl}
\end{equation}
where we assume a positive coupling $J'>0$.
This model with $S_f=3/2$ is often used
to describe the lanthanum manganese oxides La$_{1-x}A_x$MnO$_3$,
where $A$ is a divalent ion such as Sr, Pb or Ca.
To create a trial state for the spin wave excitation,
we use the operator
\begin{equation}
b^\dagger_q\equiv\frac{1}{\sqrt{L}}\sum_{i,j}f_q(r_j-r_i)
\left((c^\dagger_{i\downarrow}c_{j\uparrow}+S_{fi}^-)\sin\theta
+
(c^\dagger_{i\downarrow}c_{i\uparrow}+S_{fi}^-)
c^\dagger_{i\uparrow}c_{j\uparrow}\cos\theta
\right)e^{iqr_i},
\label{ImpTrialdex}
\end{equation}
which reduces to Eq.~(\ref{ImpTrial}) when $S_f=0$.
The expression for $\theta =0$, when $U=J'=\infty$,
was previously treated by us.~\cite{rf:TOdex}

As an example, we show threshold for the
instability of the double exchange ferromagnet,
the ferromagnetic ground state of (\ref{fKl}).
In Fig.\ref{fig:7},
we show $6tn/g_{\rm c}$ determined
by $D=0$ as a function of carrier density $n$ (solid curve)
where $g\equiv JS_f+Un$ represents
the mean-field exchange splitting of the model (\ref{fKl}).
We assumed a tight-binding band in a simple cubic lattice.
In the figure,
we juxtaposed our previous result~\cite{rf:TOdex} (dashed curve),
which was obtained by investigating the instability of
the individual particle excitation; shown as
the dashed curve in the right figure of Fig.~9 of Ref.~\cite{rf:TOdex}.
Experimentally, the itinerant ferromagnetic
state is observed
only in a restricted range $0.2\alt x\equiv 1-n\alt 0.5$.
On the assumption that the model (\ref{fKl})
adequately describes the manganese oxides,
we may conclude that
the observed result is explained by assuming
$\bar{U}/6t\equiv g/6tn \sim 5$,
i.e., $\bar{U}/W\sim 2.5$ with the band width $W=12t$.
In particular,
our results indicate the spin wave instability
in the under-doped regime, while
in the over-doped regime the instability
is controlled by the individual particle excitation
with wavenumber $q\sim k_f$.
Generally the spin wave $\omega_q$
is made unstable first at the momentum
${\bf q}\ne {\bf Q}=(\pi,\pi,\pi)$.
Therefore the resulting phase beyond the instability
is expected to be the incommensurate spiral state,~\cite{rf:IM}
as in the case of the Hubbard model.

In Fig.\ref{fig:8}, we show the $S_f$ dependence of
the phase boundary $4tn/g$ in a square lattice.
Solid curves are determined by $D=0$.
As above,
for the instability due to the individual-particle excitation
(denoted by long-dashed curves),
we adopted the more stringent
condition $\varepsilon_{k=0\downarrow}=\varepsilon_f$
on the basis of our previous results
(7$\cdot$9) and (7$\cdot$10) of Ref.~\cite{rf:TOdex},
than that concluded from the expression derived from (\ref{ImpTrialdex}),
the counterpart of Eq.~(\ref{Ap:etaqk}).
The figure shows that the threshold near $n\rightarrow 1$
is determined by $D=0$, as in the case of the Hubbard model.
The $D=0$ portion of the phase boundary
increases as a function of $S_f$.
In particular for $S_f=\infty$ in the square lattice,
the boundary is exclusively determined by
the condition $D=0$ down to $n=0$,
while we found that the solid curve $D=0$ and the dashed curve
cross each other around $(n,6tn/g)=(0.5,0.5)$
for $S_f=\infty$ in the simple cubic lattice
(not shown in Fig.\ref{fig:7}).
Note that in the case $S_f=\infty$ the boundary is the same as
the result of the random phase approximation.
(See $D_{\rm RPA}=0$ of Fig.\ref{fig:5},
as well as Eqs.~(\ref{ap:Drpa}) and ~(\ref{ap:Drpa2}).)
We see that
all the boundaries in Fig.\ref{fig:8} approach to a finite value
as $n\rightarrow 0$.
This is a specific feature of two-dimensional lattices.
Generally for $S_f\ne 0$,
the parmeter $\theta$ in (\ref{ImpTrialdex})
determined variationally
increases from zero to $\pi/2$ as $n$ decreases from 1 to 0.
Thus one can show that
the condition $D=0$ gives
$4tn/g= 1/\pi$ in the limit $n\rightarrow 0$ for the square lattice,
using Eqs.~(\ref{ap:Drpa}) and ~(\ref{ap:Drpa2}).
On the other hand, in the simple cubic lattice,
we have $1/U\rightarrow 0$ in this limit (Fig.\ref{fig:7}).
Finally we note that the physically relevant situation $S_f=3/2$
lies just in between the classical ($S_f=\infty$)
and the quantum ($S_f=1/2$) limit.

\section{Discussion}
\label{sec:Dis}
In the previous section, we showed that
the ferromagnetic state in the Hubbard model
as well as in the double exchange model
is unstable to the spin-wave excitation in the under-doped region,
while it is unstable to the individual-particle excitation
in the strong-coupling over-doped region.
Generally the spin wave mode $\omega_q$ may take
a mimimum at finite wave vector ${\bf q}={\bf q_0}$.
This minimum is interpreted
to indicate the potential spiral-spin correlation
contained in the ferromagnetic configuration,
which becomes conspicuous as the excitation gap $\omega_{q_0}$
approaches zero.
We found that
the softening of the long-wavelength spin wave mode
$D\rightarrow 0$
closely follows the gap collapse $\omega_{q_0}\rightarrow 0$.
Thus we may conclude that the spin-wave instability is
a precursor of the metal-insulator transition.
It is physically plausible that instability of the ferromagnetic state
in the region where the metal-insulator transition is likely to occur
is dictated by the spin wave instability,
since the spin wave is nothing but a particle-hole bound state
in the ferromagnetic vacuum and,
on the other side, we may interpret the Mott insulator as
composed of the particle-hole bound states (Appendix \ref{sec:n=1}).
Therefore we expect that
the above conclusion is generally valid;
for example, instability of ferromagnetism in
the situation appropriate to metallic nickel
will be caused by the individual-particle
excitation since the filling $n\sim 0.2$ per band
is far from being critical for the metal-insulator transition.
In this respect, we note that the Hubbard model
as a model for an itinerant ferromagnet
is a rather exceptional case,
because
the ferromagnetic state if any
can be realized only around half-filling (Nagaoka limit).
This is the reason why we found a dominant role
played by the spin-wave instability in
Fig.\ref{fig:5} and Fig.\ref{fig:6}.

Finally let us speculate on
the approach to the metal-insulator transition
from the ferromagnetic side.
We could derive
the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model
from the spin-wave dispersion of the
ferromagnetic insulating state,
and observed that, unlike the individual-particle excitation spectrum,
the spin-wave dispersion itself does not
change drastically upon hole doping
(Fig.~\ref{fig:1} and  Fig.~\ref{fig:3}).
Then
if the spin wave as a particle-hole bound state
is robust even when slight amount of holes are doped,
the paramagnetic phase realized after the spin-wave instability
may show anomalous metallic properties.
This kind of consideration make sense
just around half filling only where
the lowest energy spin-wave state can be regarded
as a well-defined bound state (Fig.~\ref{fig:3}).
Although it is an interesting problem
to consider the interacting
ferromagnetic spin wave as an elementary constituent,
further investigation on this point requires
complicated calculation which is far beyond the scope of this article.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
The author would like to thank Professor K. Yamada for
discussions and critical comments.
This work is supported  by
Research Fellowships of the Japan Society for the
Promotion of Science for Young Scientists.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
est un shōnen manga écrit et dessiné par Yūki Tabata. Il est prépublié depuis le  dans le magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump, puis publié en volumes reliés par l'éditeur japonais Shūeisha. La version française est éditée par Kazé.

Une adaptation en série télévisée d'animation par le studio Pierrot est diffusée du  au 30 mars 2021. La série compte 170 épisodes qui adapte les volumes 1 à 27. Dans les pays francophones, la première saison de 51 épisodes a été diffusée en VF du  à  sur Game One. L'anime est également rediffusé en VF à partir du  sur J One. Puis le  en VOD sur Toonami. Les épisodes inédits en VF sont diffusées sur Toonami depuis août 2021 de l'épisode 51 à 102. Un film d'animation intitulé Black Clover: Mahо̄tei no ken est prévu pour le .

En octobre 2022, Black Clover compte plus de 18 millions d'exemplaires en circulation.

Synopsis
Asta est un jeune garçon déterminé qui vit avec son ami d'enfance, Yuno, dans un orphelinat du royaume de Clover. Depuis tout petit, Asta a pour ambition de devenir le magicien le plus puissant du royaume, "l'Empereur-Mage", ce qui a aussi inspiré Yuno à vouloir la même chose. Mais malheureusement, Asta est né sans aucun talent magique, alors que Yuno possède des prédispositions spectaculaires.

Lorsqu'ils atteignent leurs 15 ans, tous les jeunes du royaume sont conviés à une cérémonie où leur est remis leur grimoire : alors que Yuno reçoit le légendaire grimoire avec un trèfle à quatre feuilles, considéré comme un mythe puisque la légende prétend que le premier Empereur-Mage utilisait également un grimoire portant un trèfle à quatre feuilles, Asta ne reçoit rien. Après la cérémonie, Yuno est attaqué par un brigand qui souhaite lui voler son grimoire pour ensuite tenter de le revendre.

Asta part pour le sauver mais se retrouve en difficulté, heureusement il est sauvé par un mystérieux grimoire avec un trèfle à cinq feuilles et une grande épée rouillée, qui symbolise le démon.

Asta et Yuno se font la promesse de se battre tous les deux pour le titre d'Empereur-Mage. Alors que leurs chemins se séparent sur la route des Chevaliers-Mages, leur objectif est toujours le même : devenir le prochain Empereur-Mage.

Personnages

Asta est un jeune garçon orphelin ayant la particularité d'être né sans magie. Contrairement à la majorité des humains, il n'a aucun pouvoir magique et ne produit pas de mana, de ce fait il est considéré comme un déchet inutile dans un royaume où la magie fait tout. Malgré son manque de magie, Asta ambitionne de devenir empereur-mage, le commandant de tous les chevaliers-mages assurant la puissance militaire du royaume de Clover, cette ambition est également le fruit d'une compétition entre lui et Yuno, son ami d'enfance qu'il considère comme son rival. Lorsqu'il passe la cérémonie devant lui donner un grimoire, il n'en reçoit aucun… avant qu'un étrange grimoire noir, portant un trèfle à cinq feuilles, lui apparaît et lui offre une épée ayant la capacité de trancher et repousser la magie. Lorsqu'il passe les épreuves pour intégrer les ordres de Chevaliers-mages, aucun ne se propose pour l'accueillir au vu de ses capacités limitées, mais il finit par intégrer la compagnie du Taureau Noir. Lors d'une mission dans un donjon, où il affronte avec Yuno un puissant chevalier-mage du royaume de Diamond, il trouve une seconde épée : moins imposante que la première, cette nouvelle arme absorbe le mana des humains autour d'elle et notamment les sortilèges magiques, lui permettant de les renvoyer. On note aussi qu'Asta est physiquement très fort comparé à la majorité des citoyens de Clover, le fait qu'il ne puisse utiliser la magie l'ayant amené à développer sa force physique. Ses talents physiques et son absence de magie lui permettent de manier son épée, que même l'empereur Julius n'arrive pas à soulever, étant donné que toute sa magie est aspirée. Dans la forêt de la sorcière, Asta reçoit un nouveau pouvoir : il peut se transformer et avoir une aile noire de démon. À ce jour, quelques informations sont disponibles dans le manga à propos du grimoire à 5 feuilles et de son origine, mais surtout de l'identité de son démon, qui n'est autre que Liebe, un enfant démon élevée par la mère d'Asta (Lichita) après avoir été obligé de donner son premier fils à la paroisse d'Hadge et qui sacrifira sa vie pour sauver Liebe en l'enfermant dans le grimoire à 5 feuilles crée par Zagred avant l'attaque du Malin. Pendant l'arc des elfes, Asta arrivera à s'emparer d'une troisième épée appartenant à Licht et avec la capacité de rompre les maléfices; et d'une quatrième, le katana de Yami, dont il se servira durant le combat contre Dante, le roi de Spade.

Yuno est un jeune homme utilisant la magie du vent. Orphelin comme Asta, il a été retrouvé au porte d'une église avec ce dernier, n'ayant pour seule possession qu'une étrange pierre. Contrairement à Asta, il est extrêmement doué en magie, et reçoit d'ailleurs un grimoire portant un trèfle à quatre feuilles, un grimoire rare et censé être de bon augure, car le premier empereur-mage du royaume de Clover en possédait également un. Tout comme son ami, qui est également son rival et qu'il admire, il ambitionne de devenir empereur-mage. Lors des épreuves pour intégrer les chevaliers-mages, il se montre si doué que les neuf capitaines lui proposent de rejoindre leur troupe, mais il choisit celle de l'Aube d'Or, la troupe la plus réputée des neuf. Yuno est toujours calme et posé, contrairement à son rival et ami. Lors de la première mission de Noelle et Asta dans un Donjon, que Yuno explore également avec ses coéquipiers Mimosa Vermillon et Klaus Lunette, il découvre un parchemin qui, une fois ouvert, inscrit un nouveau sort dans son grimoire et lui offre l'aide d'un esprit élémentaire, une Sylphide du nom de Bell qui a développé une forte attraction envers lui. Durant l'arc Vengeance des Elfes, Yuno se fera possédé par un elfe (qui plus tard se révela être l'âme du fils de Licht) mais conservera son libre-arbitre et lui octroie une puissance magique permettant de vaincre le démon qui manipula Patris et les elfes. Pendant l'ellipse de six mois, son rang va s'élever à Vice-capitaine de l'Aube d'Or, remplaçant Langris Vaude (le petit frère de Finral). Il est révélé par Ralph Niaflem, un résident du royaume de Spade comme étant un descendant de la famille royale : les Grinberryall. Après ces révélations, il sera informé de l'attaque du QG de l'Aube d'Or par Zeno, l'un des membres de la Triade sombre et ses hommes possédant un pouvoir de démon, ayant pour but de capturer le capitaine William Vangeance; Yuno arrive sur place et combat Zeno mas ce dernier le vaincra facilement. Alors qu'il est aux portes de la mort, il sera sauvé in extremis par la magie de l'Arbre-Monde du capitaine de l'Aube d'Or mais découvrira la moitié des membres qui ont succombé aux attaques et en sera dévasté par leurs pertes.

Noelle est la cadette de la famille Silva, la famille royale du royaume de Clover dont l'aîné, Nozel, est capitaine de la compagnie de l'Aigle d'Argent. Elle utilise la magie de l'eau, mais n'arrive pas à contrôler ses sorts, ces derniers ratant immanquablement leur cible, si bien que seule la compagnie du Taureau noir l'accepte dans ses rangs. À cause de ses problèmes de contrôle de magie, elle est méprisée par toute sa famille, notamment par ses frères et sœurs qui ont honte d'elle et la considèrent comme responsable de la mort de leur mère, morte en accouchant de Noelle. Lors de sa première mission, avec Asta, elle parvient pour la première fois à contrôler sa magie. Plus tard, après une autre mission où elle rencontre sa cousine Mimosa, elle commence à développer une certaine attirance pour Asta, qui est la première personne à s'être montrée gentille avec elle en la voyant utiliser sa magie, bien qu'elle nie constamment cette attirance lorsqu'elle y pense. Lors du combat des Taureaux Noirs dans le Sanctuaire englouti, elle développe son premier sort d'attaque alors qu'auparavant, elle ne pouvait utiliser qu'un puissant sortilège de défense.

Yami est l'un des capitaines des compagnies des chevaliers-mages, celle du Taureau Noir. Personnage calme et particulièrement musclé, il est particulièrement atypique parmi les autres capitaines car il n'est pas originaire de Clover : il vivait dans un lointain pays oriental où il était fils de pêcheurs avant, lors d'une tempête, d'être emporté loin de chez lui et d'échouer sur les côtes du royaume de Clover. C'est là qu'il reçut, au grand étonnement des habitants de l'endroit ou il vivait, un grimoire lui permettant d'utiliser une magie des plus rares, celle des ténèbres. Il a ensuite été recruté chez les Chevaliers-mages par Julius Nova-chrono, le futur empereur-mage de Clover, et finit par devenir le capitaine d'une des compagnies de chevaliers-mages du royaume de Clover. Sa compagnie est considérée comme la pire des neuf, essentiellement connue pour les dégâts que ses membres font lors de leurs missions, ce qui leur vaut plusieurs blâmes représentés par des étoiles noires. Le Taureau Noir est d'ailleurs une compagnie composée majoritairement de personnes assez marginales, à l'image de leur capitaine. Yami est d'ailleurs admiré par ses hommes et les encourage toujours à « repousser leurs limites », même si dans le même temps il les menace souvent de mort. Il utilise sa magie des ténèbres en combinaison avec une magie de renforcement musculaire et avec une arme, un katana.

Julius est l'actuel empereur-mage de Clover, considéré comme le mage le plus puissant de son pays et étant de facto le dirigeant des forces militaires représentées par les chevaliers-mages. Doté d'un immense pouvoir, il manie la magie temporelle, lui permettant notamment d'immobiliser ses ennemis ou de faire subir à leurs corps un vieillissement accéléré, il connaît également une magie lui permettant de changer d'apparence et qu'il utilise pour assouvir sa principale passion : la découverte de nouvelles formes de magies. En effet, c'est une véritable passion pour Julius, qui est fasciné par les formes de magie les plus rares, caractère qu'il montre lors de sa première rencontre avec Asta et Yuno lorsqu'il entend parler de leurs pouvoirs atypiques, le grimoire au trèfle à quatre feuilles pour Yuno qui a également acquis à ce moment un esprit élémentaire, et les épées antimagies d'Asta, c'est d'ailleurs en se métamorphosant en vieille dame pour se promener incognito dans la capitale qu'il rencontre réellement Asta pour la première fois, ce dernier rattrapant un voleur qui venait de subtiliser à Julius l'argent qu'il avait gagné dans une partie de carte qu'il jouait plus tôt. Même s'il sait être sérieux, son caractère le rend insouciant, ce qui fait qu'il néglige parfois ses devoirs lorsqu'il s'adonne à sa passion, oubliant par exemple qu'il avait convoqué les capitaines des compagnies de chevaliers-mages et les laissant attendre plusieurs heures sans nouvelle, il s'éclipse aussi souvent du palais royal de Clover, au désespoir de son bras droit, Marx, qui a parfois du mal à le contacter. Julius était auparavant chevalier-mage dans la compagnie du Cerf Turquoise, dont il devint capitaine, c'est à cette époque qu'il rencontra deux futurs capitaines des compagnies : William Vangeance et Yami Sukehiro, les deux hommes lui sont depuis des plus fidèles et il est assez proche d'eux, il a recruté Yami et lui a notamment appris le langage de Clover, et c'est lui qui a fabriqué le masque que William porte en permanence. Il a également introduit de nombreuses réformes dans le système des chevaliers-mages de Clover, tout d'abord en introduisant le système des étoiles pour comptabiliser les mérites des compagnies, ces dernières recevant pour leurs missions particulièrement réussies des étoiles dorées, ou des étoiles noires servant de « blâmes » (la compagnie du Taureau Noir comptait d'ailleurs le record du nombre d'étoiles noires au début du manga en raison des importants dégâts matériels et des ravages que ses membres causaient lors de leurs missions), il a également permis aux personnes ne faisant pas partie de la noblesse de s'enrôler chez les chevaliers-mages. Il jouit d'une grande popularité auprès du peuple de Clover, popularité que le roi lui envie.

Magna est un membre du Taureau Noir, ainsi que le bras droit de Yami. Il maitrise la magie du feu. Malgré son caractère colérique, il peut se montrer très loyal envers ses camarades. C'est également lui qui accompagnera Asta et Noelle lors de leur première mission.

Luck est un membre du Taureau Noir et maîtrise la magie de foudre. Aussi surnommé "Le Fou Joyeux" car il a assisté a l'enterrement de sa mère en ayant le sourire, il est obsédé par le danger et les combats pour dédier ces victoires à sa mère.

Gosh est un des membres de la compagnie du Taureau Noir, et un repris de justice. C'était le fils aîné de la famille Adley, une famille noble de Clover, jusqu'à ce que ses parents meurent dans un accident. D'autres nobles, des « amis » des parents de Gosh, profitèrent de l'occasion pour faire main basse sur les possessions des Adley, jetant à la rue Gosh et sa petite sœur encore bébé, Marie. Pendant plusieurs années Gosh se dévoua entièrement à la protection et à la survie de sa sœur, n'hésitant pas à voler ou à faire usage de violence pour assurer leur subsistance, il finit par être arrêté et jeté en prison. Lorsqu'il s'échappa, il fut finalement rattrapé par un chevalier-mage qui, impressionné par ses capacités, lui proposa de rejoindre sa compagnie. Ce chevalier-mage était le capitaine Yami Sukehiro. Gosh est un personnage assez violent et grossier, il ne respecte personne, à l'exception de son capitaine, et n'a d'yeux que pour sa petite sœur, le fait de lui parler ou de penser à elle, voir d'observer la photo qu'il a d'elle lui causant même des saignements de nez. De ce fait il se montre également extrêmement jaloux quand quelqu'un d'autre attire l'attention de Marie, notamment Asta qu'il essaye de tuer la première fois que cela arrive et qu'il tente d'assassiner dans son sommeil. Du fait de son passé criminel, la garde de sa sœur a été confiée à une petite église des environs de la capitale de Clover, et il ne peut la voir qu'une fois par mois. Sa magie, puissante, est celle des miroirs : il peut faire apparaître des miroirs pour tirer des rayons d'énergie grâce à eux, se dédoubler en créant un « reflet » de lui-même qui se battra à ses côtés, il peut aussi communiquer avec des personnes à qui il a confié un miroir imprégné de sa magie (il a d'ailleurs offert un miroir à sa petite sœur pour pouvoir lui parler souvent). Il dispose aussi d'un atout caché : un miroir implanté à la place de son œil gauche qu'il peut utiliser sur d'autres personnes, ce qu'il fait avec Asta lorsqu'ils affrontent le chef du groupe connût comme l'Œil Maléfique du Crépuscule. En utilisant la magie accumulée dans le miroir qui remplace son œil, Gosh parvient ainsi à créer plusieurs doubles d'Asta. C'est après ce combat qu'il semble changer, même s'il se montre toujours aussi violent lorsque Marie parle d'Asta.

Charmy est un membre de la compagnie du Taureau Noir. Malgré son apparence enfantine, soulignée par sa petite taille, c'est une jeune fille de 19 ans. C'est également une grande mangeuse qui dévore des quantités énormes de nourriture, elle dit d'ailleurs que sa principale motivation pour devenir chevalier-mage était le fait de pouvoir manger autant qu'elle le voulait. Elle utilise comme magie le coton : elle peut créer des nuages de coton pour s'y reposer ainsi que des moutons de coton, qu'elle utilise notamment comme cuisiniers. Elle peut aussi utiliser un puissant sort d'entraves basé sur le coton, qu'elle peut employer sur elle-même pour s'infiltrer : elle s'enveloppe elle-même, ou sa cible, dans une boule de coton qu'elle peut rétrécir considérablement pour en faciliter le transport, ou pour se glisser dans les vêtements de quelqu'un sans qu'il se doute de sa présence. C'est une personne joyeuse qui adore partager sa nourriture avec ses camarades. Par contre, elle n'aime pas qu'on essaye de lui voler sa nourriture, une telle occasion lors de l'attaque de la cité royale de Clover permet d'ailleurs de voir qu'elle peut déployer un mouton de coton extrêmement puissant pour frapper son adversaire.

Grey est un membre de la compagnie du Taureau Noir. Ce chevalier-mage est spécialisé dans la magie de métamorphose, il peut à volonté changer d'apparence pour imiter ses camarades, ce qu'il fait souvent lorsqu'il est en mission avec un autre membre de la compagnie. Lors de la mission de la compagnie dans le Sanctuaire englouti, Grey démontre une aptitude particulière : il peut utiliser sa magie pour changer la forme d'objets, alors que la plupart des mages spécialisés dans son type de magie ne peuvent l'utiliser que sur eux-mêmes. C'est également lors de cette mission que la vérité est révélée sur Grey : c'est une jeune fille de 24 ans aux cheveux bleus. La véritable personnalité de Grey est également dévoilée à cette occasion : alors que, lorsqu'elle prend l'apparence d'un de ses coéquipiers elle se montre particulièrement exubérante, il s'avère que cette personnalité se transforme en une extrême timidité lorsqu'elle ne peut plus changer de forme et se révèle sous sa véritable apparence. Elle possède une seconde capacité, la conversion magique qui permet de changer la nature d'une attaque : ainsi, elle peut changer des flammes en eau ou en terre.

Finral est un membre de la compagnie du Taureau Noir. Ce jeune homme est le fils aîné de la Maison Vaude, une famille de la noblesse du royaume de Clover spécialisée dans l'utilisation de la magie spatiale, c'est le type de magie qu'il utilise mais son manque de capacité à l'employer pour le combat a fait se détourner de lui son père, qui a préféré se concentrer sur le petit frère de Finral, Langris. Ce dernier est membre de la compagnie de l'Aube d'Or, dont il est le vice-capitaine, et il est largement plus estimé par sa famille qui a par conséquent déshérité Finral. Finral est spécialisé dans la magie spatiale, il peut « marquer » n'importe quel endroit afin d'ouvrir par la suite un portail qui lui permettra de s'y rendre. Pour cette raison, le capitaine Yami prend souvent Finral avec lui, notamment lors de la cérémonie d'examen des postulants chevaliers-mages, car Finral leur permet de se déplacer rapidement. Finral n'est pas vraiment un adepte du combat, il est d'ailleurs assez lâche, préférant éviter le combat à l'inverse de certains de ses camarades. C'est aussi un dragueur invétéré, et il est facilement distrait par une jolie fille. Il drague aussi souvent ses camarades féminines, notamment Vanessa et Noelle.

Vanessa est un membre de la compagnie du Taureau Noir. Cette jeune femme est connue notamment par le public pour son penchant pour la boisson, notamment le vin dont elle fait une grande consommation, elle joue également souvent à des jeux de boissons et est souvent ivre lorsqu'elle est en mission. C'est également une grande dragueuse qui rêve d'attirer l'attention d'un beau gosse lors d'une de ses missions, elle profite d'ailleurs pleinement de son corps voluptueux pour cela. Elle se montre toujours gaie et enjouée, ainsi que protectrice avec ses plus jeunes camarades, comme Asta ou Noelle. Elle porte une tenue de couleur bordeaux, dotée de gants, d'une jupe et d'un décolleté ouvert jusqu'à son nombril et d'un chapeau pointu ressemblant à un chapeau de sorcière. C'est d'ailleurs véritablement une « Sorcière », elle vient d'un pays appelé la Forêt des Sorcières, une petite contrée indépendante entre les royaumes de Clover et Diamond, qui n'est habitée que par des femmes qu'on appelle des Sorcières et qui n'apprécient guère les hommes. Elle vivait enfermée dans une cage dorée car elle était censée disposer d'une puissant pouvoir qui intéressait la reine de la Forêt des Sorcières, mais elle s'échappa lorsqu'un chevalier-mage, Yami Sukehiro, pénétra la forêt et détruisit accidentellement sa cage. Depuis, elle semble attirée par son capitaine, voyant d'ailleurs le capitaine Charlotte Roselei de la compagnie de la Rose Bleue comme une rivale. Lorsqu'elle se trouve au quartier-général du Taureau Noir, Vanessa s'habille de façon très décontractée... en fait elle se contente de porter ses sous-vêtements et la cape de sa compagnie. Vanessa utilise la magie des fils, qui lui permet de créer des fils magiques, invisibles ou non, afin d'entraver ses ennemis ou d'aider ses alliés en les manipulant comme des marionnettes, elle peut également utiliser sa magie sur des vêtements. Lorsqu'elle retourne à la Forêt des Sorcières afin de trouver un remède pour les graves blessures qu'Asta a subies contre Vet, un des membres de l'Œil Maléfique du Crépuscule, blessures qui sont inguérissables, elle finit par affronter la reine des Sorcières et développe la magie que cette dernière voyait en elle. Cette nouvelle magie se manifeste sous l'apparition d'un familier, un petit chat de couleur rouge composé de fils qui permet de changer le destin. Lorsque le chat touche une personne à laquelle Vanessa est attachée, elle peut remonter le temps pour changer un événement dans une forme plus favorable pour Vanessa : ainsi, si elle voit un de ses camarades se faire tuer, ce sort lui permet de remonter le temps et de modifier les événements pour éviter cela. Après son passage dans la Forêt des Sorcières, Vanessa est désormais toujours accompagnée de « Rouge », le chat de fil qui lui sert désormais de familier.

Manga

Black Clover est écrit et dessiné par Yūki Tabata. Il est prépublié depuis le  dans le magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump, puis publié en volumes reliés par l'éditeur japonais Shūeisha. La version française est éditée par Kazé de  à  puis Crunchyroll depuis . Le manga est entré en pause le  pour une durée de 3 mois, le temps pour l'auteur de préparer la partie finale de l'œuvre.

Le manga peut être divisé en différentes sagas, elles-mêmes découpées en arcs narratifs.

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
 |+ Liste des arcs narratifs
 |-
 |
Saga 1 - "L'Oeil du Crépuscule"
 Arc Taureaux Noirs - Tomes 1 et 2 (chapitres 1 à 9)
 Arc Donjon - Tomes 2 et 3 (chapitres 10 à 21)
 Arc Bataille de la Capitale - Tomes 3 à 5 (chapitres 22 à 36)
 Arc Ville de Nean - Tomes 5 à 7 (chapitres 37 à 56)
 Arc Temple sous-marin - Tomes 7 à 9 (chapitres 57 à 73)
 Arc Offensive de Diamond - Tomes 9 et 10 (chapitres 74 à 81)
 Arc Forêt des Sorcières - Tomes 10 à 12 (chapitres 82 à 101)
 Arc Examen des Chevaliers-Mages Royaux - Tomes 12 à 15 (chapitres 102 à 133)
 Arc Vengeance des Elfes - Tomes 15 à 22 (chapitres 133 à 214)

Saga 2 - "Démons"
 Arc Procès d'Asta - Tomes 22 et 23 (chapitres 215 à 228)
 Arc Heart et Spade - Tomes 24 à 27 (chapitres 229 à 273)
 Arc Spade - Tomes 28 à 33 (chapitres 274 à 331)
Saga 3 - "Empereur Mage Ultime"
|-
|
|}

Une série dérivée intitulée Black Clover: Quartet Knights est prépubliée entre 2018 et 2020 sur la plate-forme Shōnen Jump+. Le manga est dessiné par Yumiya Tashiro et publié en six tomes par Shueisha. La version française est publiée par Kazé.

 Liste des volumes

 Anime
 Série télévisée
Un épisode anime est diffusé à l'occasion du Jump Special Anime Festa en 2016. Une adaptation en série télévisée d'animation par le studio Pierrot est diffusée du  au 30 mars 2021. La série compte 170 épisodes qui adapte les 27 premiers volumes du manga. Dans les pays francophones, la première saison de 51 épisodes a été diffusée en VF du  à  sur Game One. L'anime est également rediffusé en VF à partir du  sur J One, puis le  en VOD sur Toonami.

 Liste des épisodes Légende : Les épisodes fillers (épisodes hors manga exclusifs à l'animé) sont surlignés en couleur. Musiques

 Film d'animation
La production d'un film d'animation est annoncé en . Intitulé Black Clover: Mahо̄tei no ken, il est initialement prévu pour le  au Japon, mais sa sortie est reportée au  en raison des effets de l'épidémie de Covid-19 sur le calendrier de production.

 Doublage

 Version française : Time-Line Factory
 Direction artistique : Mélanie Anne puis Jérémy Zylberberg
 Adaptation : Pauline Beauruel, Jessica Bluthe, William Delesalle, Sandra Dumontier, Géraldine Godiet, Aurore Lafage, Marien Marcheschi, Etienne Remond, Marie Ryckebusch, Clémence Lecournué, Julie Lespourcy, Louis Brisset, Ophélie De San Bartholmé, Pauline Dubouclez

 Accueil
 Ventes
En , le manga a été édité à 10 millions d'exemplaires.
En , le manga a passé les 11 millions d'exemplaires en circulation. .

 Notes et références

 Liens externes

  de lanime''
  sur Crunchyroll

Série manga
Série d'animation japonaise
Animation réalisée par Pierrot
Bande dessinée se déroulant dans un pays fictif en Asie
Série diffusée sur Crunchyroll
Manga publié par Crunchyroll
Anime reporté en raison de la pandémie de Covid-19
Film dont la sortie a été reportée en raison de la pandémie de Covid-19

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Tejano singer Selena Quintanilla remains iconic in the music industry years after her death.
Now fans of the beloved singer will have a chance to honor her with a limited-edition collection from Forever 21.
Fans will be able to buy everything ranging from pins to baseball caps.
Selena was shot and killed in 1995 at the age of 23.
Wanna see the collection? CLICK HERE!


WE'RE HOPING TO START A FAMILY TRADITION of summer roads trips-- or just in general, whenever we get the chance. Anything from a quick day trip to Joshua Tree or a week(end)-long excursion to Big Sur or Marfa. We're lucky to live only hours from some amazing locations like Joshua Tree and Zion, which are two of our favorite national parks. This summer, we drove out to Joshua Tree, did some exploring, and stopped by the Cabazon dinosaurs, which Harrison always loves. He even got to become a Joshua Tree "Junior Ranger". It's important to us to have these lasting memories and experiences to share, and it's equally important to make sure we're prepared, safe, and secure while on the road.
a picnic blanket, sunscreen, natural insect-repellant, etc.
straw hats for me and Harrison always!
hours of playlists and podcasts including Harrison's favorite Beatles songs ("Yellow Submarine" is big right now) and, for Johnny and me, our podcast of the moment The Rewatchables.


The home of Vincenzo Fazio, now known as "Keepsake Cottage" At the right is his fish shop built from flotsam recovered from the "Empress of India" wrecked on Tuncurry bar 1900.
On July 23, 1900 the 62-ton schooner "Empress of India" was on one of her many coastal runs carrying produce, cattle, pigs, maize and timber. The vessel called into Cape Hawke harbour to pick up an additional load of timber and was on her way out to sea over the bar on a racing tide heading into a vicious chop. As she crossed the bar she was swept side-on onto the sand spit off the Tuncurry shore. She rolled and with the heavy seas began to break up.
The cargo, much of which was sawn timber lay strewn along the beach, now flotsam, which in those days became the property of whoever recovered it. The timber was collected by locals including Vince Fazio who used the salvaged timber to build a shop on the Kent Street side of his home. This was the first fish shop in Tuncurry.
The house still exists, standing on the corner of Kent and Manning St. and is one of the oldest untouched buildings in Tuncurry, the shop having evolved into a skillion add-on at the rear.
Tuncurry's Working Waterfront local history project is a heritage mosaic due to be installed in John Wright Park in June. The artwork has been designed to create a visual representation of the early industries that utilized the waterfront site and the vital role they played in forming the foundations of the town and community.
Vincenzo Fazio is my great great grandfather. His grandson Bruce always reminded me that Vincenzo wore a feather in his hat. I have also been to this place where my great grandmother lived, Vincenzo's daughter Anita. He told me all about the shipwrecked lumber he used to build where he lived.


Choices for People Center, was started in 1957, as the Rolla Cerebral Palsy School by a grass root organization. It was created to fill a need for services for the disabled. A group of members and families from the community came together to provide services that were not available at the time.
In 1992 the name was changed to Choices For People Center, and focus was targeted towards adults who needed services. These services include Employment Services, Adult Day Services, Community Living and Individual Supported Living programs. Choices For People Center is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit corporation.
Choices for People Center, Inc. provides year-round instructional programs and support services designed to aid individuals with disabilities in developing essential life skills. These skills promote inclusion, independence, self-sufficiency, and productivity; and aim to maximize the individual's quality of life in the least restrictive environment possible.
Choices for People Center, Inc. makes referrals, assists in individual goal-oriented program planning, and acts as an advocate in the community through the removal of attitudinal, architectural, environmental, financial, employment-related, communicational, transportation, and other barriers.
Choices for People Center, Inc. believes that people with disabilities have the same rights and the same responsibilities as other persons; and that the fundamental right of all human beings is to fulfill their potential as well as to make choices and exercise control over their own lives. It is each individual's right to maximize his or her own quality of life.


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Lover's Eye and Masonic Prank Initiation Devices Illustrated Lectures with One-Night-Only Mini Exhibits! Dance of Death Linocut Class! Workshops in Taxidermy, Hair Art, Anthropomorphic Insects and Bat Skeleton Domes! "Rest in Pieces" Book Party! Special London-based series this June and July! Morbid Anatomy Presents this Week and Beyond...
This Thursday, April 11, Morbid Anatomy hopes to see you at Brooklyn's Observatory at our "Lover's Eye" event, a night dedicated to enigmatic portrait miniatures featuring only the sitters eye that were often used to commemorate illicit love affairs in the 18th century. The lineup will consist of an illustrated lecture tracing their history and resurgence in contemporary art, as well as a one-night-only mini exhibit of actual antique examples from a private collection. See top image for a special sneak preview of the lecture!
We also are excited to announce our newly added "Masonic Slapstick" evening, which will take place on Tuesday April 30 and explore the work of the DeMoulin Brothers, leading makers of "initiation prank devices" for the masons and other lodges. It will begin with an illustrated lecture by John Goldsmith, Curator of the DeMoulin Museum, followed by a one-night-only exhibition of initiation devices curated by Mike Zohn, co-star of TV's "Oddities". The second image down shows one of the DeMoulin Brothers's works, a "Parade Goat."
We are also excited to announce a new, typically inspired class by Morbid Anatomy Art Academy's regular instructor Lado Pochkua. In this class, entitled "Dance of Death by Hans Holbein: A Linocut Workshop" (Mondays May 20, 27th and June 3, bottom image) students will learn the techniques of woodcuts and linocuts by creating a copy of one of Hans Holbein's prints from his 1538 Dance of Death series, and will leave class with their own finished Dance of Death linocut and the skills to produce their own pieces in the future.
Other upcoming offerings include taxidermy, hair art, anthropomorphic insect shadow box AND bat skeleton dome workshops, Rest in Pieces book party, and a special London-based series this June and July.
Full details follow. Hope to see you at one or more of these terrific events!
Love's Unknowable Eye: The Curious History and Mysterious Allure of 18th century "Lovers Eyes" Illustrated lecture and Genuine "Lover's Eye" Show and Tell with Artist Lauren Levato
Date: Thursday, April 11th
Admission: $8
Presented by Morbid Anatomy
Tonight at Observatory, we invite you to join us for a highly illustrated talk on what were historically called "eye miniatures," now called "lover's eyes." These beautiful portrait miniatures, featuring only the eye of the sitter, enjoyed a brief stint of outrageous popularity in the 18th century after a scandal involving the Prince of Wales, an illicit love affair, and a dramatic suicide attempt over the rejected love of a forbidden woman. Often created as tokens of memory for unsanctioned love, these gorgeous paintings—intensely intimate yet mysteriously anonymous—were lushly rendered on such media as ivory or copper. More than just treasures or statements of wealth, they were symbols of devotion, marriage, death, infidelity, memory, and promise. Nearly all of these enigmatic eyes are from lovers unknown, fictions that lure us with a fixed gaze, unyielding in its mystery and desire. Although the feverish mania for these objects ended nearly as quickly as it began, they continue to inspire, serving as muse to contemporary artists, photographers, painters and tattooists who explore the concept in thoroughly contemporary manners.
Tonight, Chicago based artist Lauren Levato--who curates a private collection containing thousands of objects of erotic affection, including several lover's eyes set in brooches, rings, pill boxes, and bracelets--will trace the history and phenomenon of Lover's Eyes, of which only an estimated 1,000 are known to still exist.
Lauren will also bring some authentic 18th century Lover's Eyes for your delectation.
Lauren Levato is a visual artist and writer. She is working on her exhibition for the International Museum of Surgical Science, opening in December, and has begun her own collection of lover's eyes in tattoo form, as a type of signature of some of today's best working tattooers.
Image: Unknown "Lover's Eye" on braided hair bracelet, Georgian period; Private collection
Raccoon Head Taxidermy Class with Rogue Taxidermist Katie Innamorato
Date: Sunday, April 14
Time: 12 – 6 PM
Admission: $350
***Class Limited to 5; Must RSVP to katie.innamorato [at] gmail.com
This class is part of The Morbid Anatomy Art Academy
This course will introduce students to basic and fundamental taxidermy techniques and procedures. Students will be working with donated raccoon skins and will be going through the steps to do a head mount. The class is only available to 5 students, allowing for more one on one interaction and assistance. Students will be working with tanned and lightly prepped skin; there will be no skinning of the animals in class. This is a great opportunity to learn the basic steps to small and large mammal taxidermy. All materials will be supplied by the instructor, and you will leave class with your own raccoon head mount.
Rogue taxidermist Katie Innamorato has a BFA in sculpture from SUNY New Paltz, has been featured on the hit TV show "Oddities," and has had her work featured at La Luz de Jesus gallery in Los Angeles, California. She is self and professionally taught, and has won multiple first place ribbons and awards at the Garden State Taxidermy Association Competition. Her work is focussed on displaying the cyclical connection between life and death and growth and decomposition. Katie is a member of the Minnesota Association of Rogue Taxidermists, and with all M.A.R.T. members she adheres to strict ethical guidelines when acquiring specimens and uses roadkill, scrap, and donated skins to create mounts.
Her website and blogs-
www.afterlifeanatomy.com
www.afterlifeanatomy.tumblr.com
www.facebook.com/afterlifeanatomy
www.etsy.com/shop/afterlifeanatomy
Bat in Glass Dome Workshop
Part of DIY Wunderkammer Series: With Wilder Duncan (formerly of Evolution Shop, Soho) and Laetitia Barbier, head librarian at The Morbid Anatomy Library
With Wilder Duncan (formerly of Evolution Store, Soho) and Laetitia Barbier, head librarian at The Morbid Anatomy Library
Time: 1 – 6 PM
*** MUST RSVP to Laetitia [at] atlasobscura.com
This class is part of the DIY Wunderkammer Series and The Morbid Anatomy Art Academy
In this class, students will learn how to create an osteological preparation of a bat in the fashion of 19th century zoological displays. A bat skeleton, a glass dome, branches, glue, tools, and all necessary materials will be provided for each student, but one should feel welcome to bring small feathers, stones, dried flowers, dead insects, natural elements, or any other materials s/he might wish to include in his/her composition. Students will leave the class with a visually striking, fully articulated, "lifelike" bat skeleton posed in a 10" tall glass dome. This piece can, in conjunction with the other creations in the DIY Wunderkammer workshop series, act as the beginning of a genuine collection of curiosities!
This class is part of the DIY Wunderkammer workshop series, curated by Laetitia Barbier and Wilder Duncan for Morbid Anatomy as a creative and pluridisciplinary exploration of the Curiosity Cabinet. The classes will focus on teaching ancient methods of specimen preparation that link science with art: students will create compositions involving natural elements and, according to their taste, will compose a traditional Victorian environment or a modern display. More on the series can be found here.
Wilder Duncan is an artist whose work puts a modern-day spin on the genre of Vanitas still life. Although formally trained as a realist painter at Wesleyan University, he has had a lifelong passion for, and interest in, natural history. Self-taught rogue taxidermist and professional specimen preparator, Wilder worked for several years at The Evolution Store creating, repairing, and restoring objects of natural historical interest such as taxidermy, fossils, seashells, minerals, insects, tribal sculptures, and articulated skeletons both animal and human. Wilder continues to do work for private collectors, giving a new life to old mounts, and new smiles to toothless skulls.
Laetitia Barbier is the head librarian at The Morbid Anatomy Library. She is working on a master's thesis for the Paris Sorbonne on painter Joe Coleman. She writes for Atlas Obscura and Morbid Anatomy.
A Fate Worse Than Death: The Perils of Being a Famous Corpse with Bess Lovejoy, Author of Rest in Pieces
With Bess Lovejoy, author of Rest in Pieces
Date: Friday, April 26th
Presented by Morbid Anatomy and Phantasmaphile
Most of us know what our afterlives are going to be like: eternity in the ground, or resting in an urn on some relative's mantelpiece. If we're lucky, our children might occasionally bring us flowers or a potted plant, and that's about as interesting as things are going to get.
Not so the famous deceased. For millennia, they've been bought and sold, worshipped and reviled, studied, collected, stolen, and dissected. They've been the star attractions at museums and churches, and used to found cemeteries, cities, even empires. Pieces of them have languished in libraries and universities, in coolers inside closets, and in suitcases underneath beds. For them, eternity has been anything but easy.
The more notable or notorious the body, the more likely it is that someone's tried to disturb it. Consider the near-snatching of Abraham Lincoln, or the attempt on Elvis's tomb. Then there's Descartes, who is missing his head, and Galileo, who is spending eternity without his middle finger. Napoleon's missing something a bit lower, as is the Russian mystic Rasputin, at least if the rumors are true. Meanwhile, Jesse James has had three graves, and may not have been in any of them, while it took a court case and an exhumation to prove that Lee Harvey Oswald was in his.
In this illustrated lecture, Bess Lovejoy will draw on her new book, Rest in Pieces, to discuss the many threats faced by famous corpses--from furta sacra ("holy theft" of saintly relics), to skull-stealing phrenologists, "Resurrection Men" digging up cadavers for medical schools, modern organ harvesters, the depredations of crazed fans, and much more.
Rest in Pieces will also be available for sale, and wine will be served in celebration of its release.
Bess Lovejoy is a writer, researcher, and editor based in Seattle. She writes about dead people, forgotten history, and sometimes art, literature, and science. Her writing has appeared in The New York Times, The Believer, The Boston Globe, The Stranger, and other publications. She worked on the Schott's Almanac series for five years. Visit her at BessLovejoy.com.
Masonic Slapstick - The DeMoulin Brothers and their Odd Initiate Prank Devices
An Illustrated lecture by John Goldsmith, Curator of the DeMoulin Museum accompanied by a one-night-only exhibition of initiation devices curated by Mike Zohn, co-star of TV's "Oddities"
Date: Tuesday, April 30th
Between 1890 and 1930, hundreds of thousands of men belonged to the Masons, the Elks, the Kiwanis, or another of the over one hundred lodges which provided American men with a social outlet, a sense of importance, and sometimes even health and life insurance. One way these many lodges competed for members was with the use of inventive, theatrical and unlikely gadgets used in lodge initiations.
In 1892, Ed DeMoulin, a small town photographer who had more than a passing interest in the gadgets of the day, founded the DeMoulin company which went on to become one of the leading manufacturers of these lodge initiation devices. The DeMoulin brothers (Ed, U.S. and Erastus) held patents on many of the best known of these including "The Lifting & Spraying Machine," "The Lung Tester," and "The Low Down Buck Goat." The DeMoulin's motto was "Fun in the Lodge Room" and there's little doubt that these water shootin', electric shockin', blank firin', collapsin' devices could do the trick.
Who were the DeMoulin brothers? And how did they become the zany geniuses behind these lodge initiation pranks? Tonight John Goldsmith, curator of the DeMoulin Museum, will share their story and demonstrate some of the devices. He'll also provide a virtual tour of the DeMoulin Museum. There will also be a one-night-only mini exhibit of initiation devices curated by Mike Zohn, co-star of TV's "Oddities."
John Goldsmith is curator of the was the DeMoulin Museum. He was also a consultant on Catalog 439: Burlesque Paraphernalia published by Fantagraphics in 2010 and The Extraordinary Catalog of Peculiar Inventions published by Perigee in 2011. The DeMoulin Museum has been featured on KSDK's "Show Me St. Louis" and WSEC's "Illinois Stories".
Mike Zohn--co-star of TV's "Oddities" and co-owner of Obscura Antiques--is a long term DeMoulin enthusiast and collector.
Image: "The DADDY Uv-Um ALL," parade goat by The DeMoulin Brothers.
Anthropomorphic Insect Shadowbox Workshop with Former AMNH Senior Insect Preparator Daisy TaintonWith Daisy Tainton, Senior Insect Preparator at the American Museum of Natural History
Date: Saturday, May 11th
***Tickets MUST be pre-ordered by clicking here
You can also pre-pay in person at the Observatory during open hours.
Today, join former AMNH Senior Insect Preparator Daisy Tainton for Observatory's popular Anthropomorphic Insect Shadowbox Workshop. In this class, students will work with Rhinoceros beetles: nature's tiny giants. Each student will learn to make–and leave with their own!–shadowbox dioramas featuring carefully positioned beetles doing nearly anything you can imagine. Beetles and shadowboxes are provided, and an assortment of miniature furniture, foods, and other props will be available to decorate your habitat. Students need bring nothing, though are encouraged to bring along dollhouse props if they have a particular vision for their final piece; 1:12 scale work best.
BEETLES WILL BE PROVIDED. Each student receives one beetle approximately 2-3 inches tall when posed vertically.
Daisy Tainton was formerly Senior Insect Preparator at the American Museum of Natural History, and has been working with insects professionally for several years. Eventually her fascination with insects and love of Japanese miniature food items naturally came together, resulting in cute and ridiculous museum-inspired yet utterly unrealistic dioramas. Beetles at the dentist? Beetles eating pie and knitting sweaters? Even beetles on the toilet? Why not?
Dance of Death by Hans Holbein: A Linocut Workshop with Classically Trained Artist Lado Pochkua
Dates: Tuesdays May 20, May 27 and June 4
Time: 7 - 10 PM
***MUST RSVP to morbidanatomylibrary [at] gmail.com
The "dance of death" or "danse macabre" was a "medieval allegorical concept of the all-conquering and equalizing power of death, expressed in the drama, poetry, music, and visual arts of western Europe, mainly in the late Middle Ages. It is a literary or pictorial representation of a procession or dance of both living and dead figures, the living arranged in order of their rank, from pope and emperor to child, clerk, and hermit, and the dead leading them to the grave." (Encyclopedia Britannica). One of the best known expressions of this genre are a series of forty-two wood cuts by Hans Holbien published in 1538 under the title "Dance of Death."
In this class, students will learn the techniques of woodcuts and linocuts by creating a copy of one of Hans Holbein's prints from the Dance of Death series. The class will follow the entire process from beginning to end: drafting a copy of the image, either a fragment or whole; transfer of the image to a linoleum block; cutting the image; printing the image on paper. Students will leave class with their own finished Dance of Death linocut and the skills to produce their own pieces in the future.
Lesson 1: creating a copy of either a fragment or full image from the series on paper. The copy can either be freehand and stylized, or students can use a grid to copy more exactly.
Lesson 2: transfer the drawing to linoleum.
Lesson 3: correction of image, and beginning to cut the image.
Lesson 4: finalizing the cut image.
Lesson 5: Printing the image. Students will be able to use several colors and backgrounds to create the final image.
A block of linoleum: Blick Battleship Gray Linoleum, mounted or unmounted (details here)
Speedball Speedy-carve blocks, pink only (details here) Size: 9x12 or 8x10.
Linocutter set: Blick Lino Cutter Set (details here)Water soluble printing inks
Black markers (fine point)
Lado Pochkhua was born in Sukhumi, Georgia in 1970. He received his MFA in Painting and Printmaking from Tbilisi State Art Academy in Georgia in 2001. He currently divides his time between New York and Tbilisi, Georgia.
Selected Exhibitions:
2011 "Works from the Creamer Street Studio," at the Literature Museum, Tbilisi Georgia (solo show)
2010 "Paradise " at Proteus Gowanus, New York
2009 "Prague Biennale 4," Georgian pavilion
2009 "The Art of returning Home," Arsi Gallery, Tbilisi Georgia (solo show)
2008 Gardens, Ships, and Lessons, K. Petrys Ház Gallery, Budapest, Hungary (solo show) Exhibition of Georgian Artists, Festival OFF EUROPA ditorei Gallerie NBL, Leipzig, Germany
2004 Artists of Georgia, Georgian Embassy, London, UK
2003 Curriculum Vitae: a retrospective of 20th century Georgian art, Caravasla Tbilisi History Museum, Tbilisi, Georgia, Waiting for the Barbarians, Gallery Club 22, Tbilisi, Georgia (solo show)
2001 21 Georgian Artists, UNESCO, Paris, France
1998 Magical Geometry, TMS Gallery, Tbilisi, Georgia (solo show)
Image: Image: "Melior est mors quam vita" to the aged woman who crawls gravewards with her bone rosary while Death makes music in the van." From Hans Holbein's "Dance of Death."
Class: The Victorian Art of Hair Jewelry with Art Historian and Master Jeweler Karen Bachmann
Date: Sunday, June 2
***Must pre-order tickets here: http://victorianmourningjewelry.bpt.me
Hair jewelry was an enormously popular form of commemorative art that began in the late 17th century and reached its zenith during the Victorian Era. Hair, either of someone living or deceased, was encased in metal lockets or woven to enshrine the human relic of a loved one. This class will explore a modern take on the genre.
The technique of "palette working" or arranging hair in artful swoops and curls will be explored and a variety of ribbons, beads, wire and imagery of mourning iconography will be supplied for potential inclusion. A living or deceased person or pet may be commemorated in this manner.
Students are requested to bring with them to class their own hair, fur, or feathers; all other necessary materials will be supplied. Hair can be self-cut, sourced from barber shops or hair salons (who are usually happy to provide you with swept up hair), from beauty supply shops (hair is sold as extensions), or from wig suppliers. Students will leave class with their own piece of hair jewelry and the knowledge to create future projects.
Karen Bachmann is a fine jeweler with over 25 years experience, including several years on staff as a master jeweler at Tiffany and Co. She is a Professor in the Jewelry Design Dept at Fashion Institute of Technology as well as the School of Art and Design at Pratt Institute. She has recently completed her MA in Art History at SUNY Purchase with a thesis entitled Hairy Secrets:... In her downtime she enjoys collecting biological specimens, amateur taxidermy and punk rock.
Morbid Anatomy Presents at London's Last Tuesday Society this June and July
A series of London-based events, workshops, special tours, screenings and spectacles surveying the interstices of art and medicine, death and culture curated by Observatory's Morbid Anatomy
Date: June 2 - July 25
Time: Variable, but most lectures begin at 7 PM
Location: The Last Tuesday Society at 11 Mare Street, London, E8 4RP map here) unless otherwise specified
The series will feature Morbid Anatomy's signature mix of museum professionals, professors, librarians, artists, rogue scholars, and autodidacts--many flown in direct from Morbid Anatomy's base in Brooklyn, New York--to elucidate on a wide array of topics including (but not limited to!) The Neapolitan Cult of the Dead; "human zoos;" "speaking reliquaries;" why music drives women mad; eccentric folk medicine collections; Santa Muerte (or "Saint Death); dissection and masturbation; dissection and magic; Victorian memorial hair jewelry; the "hot nurse" in popular fiction; The Danse Macabre; "a cinematic survey of The Vampires of London;" and anatomical waxworks and death.
There will be also two special backstage tours: one of the legendary Blythe House, home of the vast and incredible collection of Henry Wellcome and the other of the Natural History Museum's zoological collection, featuring the famously gorgeous Blaschka invertebrate glass model collection; a special magic lantern show featuring "the weirdest, most inappropriate and completely baffling examples of lantern imagery" conjured by collector and scholar Professor Heard, author of Phantasmagoria- The Secret Life of the Magic Lantern; a screening of rare short films from the BFI National Archive documenting folk music, dance, customs and sport; and workshops in the creation of Victorian hair work, lifelike wax wounds, and bat skeletons in glass domes.
Wax Wound Workshop with medical artist Eleanor Crook
Sunday, June 2, 2013 at 1:00 - 5:00 PM
Let acclaimed sculptor Eleanor Crook guide you in creating your very own wax wound. Crook has lent her experience to professionals ranging from forensic law enforcement officers to plastic surgeons, so is well placed to help you make a horrendously lifelike scar, boil or blister.
Art, Wax, Death and Anatomy : Illustrated lecture with art historian Roberta Ballestriero
Monday, June 3, 2013 at 7:00pm
Wax modelling, or ceroplastics, is of ancient origin but was revived in 14th century Italy with the cult of Catholic votive objects, or ex votos. Art Historian Roberta Ballestriero will discuss the art and history of wax modeling sacred and profane; she will also showcase many of its greatest masterworks.
Music Driving Women Mad: The History of Medical Fears of its Effects on Female Bodies and Minds: Illustrated lecture with Dr. James Kennaway
Over the past few centuries, countless physicians and writers have asserted that music could cause very serious medical problems for the 'weaker sex'. Not only could it bring on symptoms of nervousness and hysteria, it could also cause infertility, nymphomania and even something called 'melosexualism'. This talk will give an outline of this strange debate, using the raciest stories to be found in gynaecological textb
Solitary vice? Sex and Dissection in Georgian London With Dr Simon Chaplin
Wednesday, June 5, 2013 at 7:00pm
In this lavishly illustrated lecture, Simon Chaplin explores the sexual undertones of the anatomy schools of Georgian London, in which students dissected grave-robbed bodies in the back-rooms of their teachers' houses, while their masters explored new strategies for presenting their work to polite audiences through museums and lectures.
Heartthrobs of the Human Zoo: Ethnographic Exhibitions and Captive Celebrities of Turn of the Century America: An Illustrated Lecture with Betsy Bradley
Thursday, June 6, 2013 at 7:00pm
From ransomed Congolese pygmies to winsome Eskimo babies, the American world's fairs and patriotic expositions present history with a number of troubling ethnographic celebrities, and their stories offer a rare glimpse inside the psychology and culture of imperial America at the turn of a new century.
The Astounding Collection of Henry Wellcome: Blythe House Backstage Tour with Selina Hurley, Assistant Curator of Medicine, The Science Museum
Henry Wellcome (1853 - 1936)----early pharmaceutical magnate and man behind the Wellcome Trust, Collection, and Library--was the William Randolph Hearst of the medical collecting world. That collection, possibly the finest medical collection in the world, now resides in Blythe House, kept in trust by The Science Museum on permanent loan from the Wellcome Trust. Today, a lucky fifteen people will get a rare chance to see this collection, featuring many artifacts of which have never before been on public view, in this backstage tour led Selina Hurley, Assistant Curator of Medicine at The Science Museum.
Neapolitan Cult of the Dead with Chiara Ambrosio
Monday, June 10, 2013 at 7:00pm
In tonight's illustrated lecture, Italian artist and filmmaker Chiara Ambrosio will elucidate this curious and fascinating "Neapolitan Cult of the Dead" and situate it within a the rich death culture and storied history of Naples.
A Vile Vaudeville of Gothic Attractions: Illustrated lecture by Mervyn Heard, author of Phantasmagoria- The Secret Life of the Magic Lantern
Tuesday, June 11, 2013 at 7:00pm
An illustrated talk in which writer and showman 'Professor' Mervyn Heard waxes scattergun- sentimental over some of the more bizarre, live theatrical experiences of the 18th, 19th and early 20th century - from the various ghastly manifestations of the phantasmagoria to performing hangmen, self-crucifiers and starving brides.
Professor Heard's Most Extraordinary Magic Lantern Show with Mervyn Heard
Wednesday, June 12, 2013 at 7:00pm
Professor Heard is well known to patrons of the Last Tuesday Lecture programme for his sell-out magic lantern entertainments. In this latest assault on the eye he summons up some of the weirdest, most inappropriate and completely baffling examples of lantern imagery, lantern stories and optical effects by special request of Morbid Anatomy.
"Speaking Reliquaries" and Christian Death Rituals: Part One of "Hairy Secrets" Series With Karen Bachmann
Thursday, June 13, 2013 at 7:00pm
3-part series on human relics and Victorian mourning jewelry--master jeweler and art historian Karen Bachmann will focus on what are termed "speaking" reliquaries: the often elaborate containers which house the preserved body parts--or relics--of saints and martyrs with shapes which reflect that of the body-part contained within.
Hair Art Workshop Class: The Victorian Art of Hair Jewellery With Karen Bachmann
Friday, June 14, 2013 at 1:00pm
Hair jewellery was an enormously popular form of commemorative art that began in the late 17th century and reached its zenith during the Victorian Era. Hair, either of someone living or deceased, was encased in metal lockers or woven to enshrine the human relic of a loved one. This class will explore a modern take on the genre.
The History of the Memento Mori and Death's Head Iconography: Part Two of "Hairy Secrets" Series Illustrated lecture with Art Historian and Master Jeweler Karen Bachmann
In tonight's lecture--the second in a 3-part series on human relics and Victorian mourning jewelry--master jeweler and art historian Karen Bachmann will explore the development of the memento mori,objects whose very raison d'être is to remind the beholder that they, too, will die.
Saturday, June 15, 2013 at 1:00pm (More here)
Sunday, June 16, 2013 at 1:00pm (More here)
The Victorian Love Affair with Death and the Art of Mourning Hair Jewelry: Illustrated lecture with Art Historian and Master Jeweler Karen Bachmann
The Victorians had a love affair with death which they expressed in a variety of ways, both intensely sentimental and macabre. Tonight's lecture-the last in a 3-part series on human relics and Victorian mourning jewelry-will take as its focus the apex of the phenomenon of hair jewelry fashion in the Victorian Era as an expression of this passion.
Dissection and Magic with Constanza Isaza Martinez
This lecture examines images of human corpses in Early Modern European art in relation to two specific themes: the practice of 'witchcraft' or 'magic'; and the emergent medical profession, particularly anatomical dissection.
Future Death. Future Dead Bodies. Future Cemeteries Illustrated lecture by Dr. John Troyer, Deputy Director of the Centre for Death and Society at the University of Bath
Dr. John Troyer, from the Centre for Death & Society, University of Bath, will discuss three kinds of postmortem futures: Future Death, Future Dead Bodies, and Future Cemeteries. Central to these Futures is the human corpse and its use in new forms of body disposal technology, digital technology platforms, and definitions of death.
'She Healed Their Bodies With Her White Hot Passions': The Role of the Nurse in Romantic Fiction with Natasha McEnroe Illustrated lecture Natasha McEnroe, Director of the Florence Nightingale Museum
Sunday, June 23, 2013 at 7:00pm
Victorian portrayals of the nurse show either a drunken and dishonest old woman or an angelic and devoted being, which changes to a 20th-century caricature just as pervasive - that of the 'sexy nurse'. In this talk, Natasha McEnroe will explore the links between the enforced intimacy of the sickroom and the handling of bodies for more recreational reasons.
Face lift or face reconstruction? Redesigning the Museum Vrolik, Amsterdam's anatomical museum An illustrated lecture with Dr. Laurens de Rooy, curator of the Museum Vrolik in Amsterdam
Counting more than five thousand preparations and specimens, the Museum Vrolikianum, the private collection of father Gerard and his son Willem Vrolik was an amazing object of interest one hundred and fifty years ago. In the 1840s and 50s this museum, established in Gerard's stately mansion on the river Amstel, grew into a famous collection that attracted admiring scientists from both the Netherlands and abroad. In this talk, Museum Vrolik curator Dr Laurens de Rooy will take you on a guided tour of the new museum, and give an overview of all the other aspects of the 'new' Museum Vrolik.
The Walking Dead in 1803: An Illustrated Lecture with Phil Loring, Curator of Psychology at the Science Museum in London
A visiting Italian startled Londoners at the turn of the 19th century by making decapitated animals and executed men open their eyes and move around, as if on the verge of being restored to life. This was not magic but the power of electricity from the newly invented Galvanic trough, or battery. This talk will discuss a variety of historical instruments from the Science Museum's collections that figured in these re-animation experiments, including the apparatus used by Galvani himself in his laboratory in Bologna.
The Influencing Machine: James Tilly Matthews and the Air Loom with Mike Jay
Confined in Bedlam in 1797 as an incurable lunatic, James Tilly Matthews' case is one of the most bizarre in the annals of psychiatry. He was the first person to insist that his mind was being controlled by a machine: the Air Loom, a terrifying secret weapon whose mesmeric rays and mysterious gases were brainwashing politicians and plunging Europe into revolution, terror and war. But Matthews' case was even stranger than his doctors realised: many of the incredible conspiracies in which he claimed to be involved were entirely real.
A Waxen France: Madame Tussaud's Representations of the French: Illustrated Lecture by Pamela Pilbeam Emeritus Professor of French History, Royal Holloway, University of London and author of Madame Tussaud and the History of Waxworks
Madame Tussaud's presentation of French politics and history did much to inform and influence the popular perception of France among the British. This lecture will explore that view and how it changed during the nineteenth century.
Backstage Tour of the Zoological Collection of the Natural History Museum with Miranda Lowe
Today, ten lucky people will get to join Miranda Lowe, Collections Manager of the Aquatic Invertebrates Division, for a special backstage tour of The Natural History Museum of London. The tour will showcase the zoological spirit collections in the Darwin Centre, some of Darwin's barnacles and the famed collection of glass marine invertebrate models crafted by Leopold and Rudolf Blaschka in the 19th and early 20th century.
Bat in Glass Dome Workshop: Part of DIY Wunderkammer Series With Wilder Duncan (formerly of Evolution Store, Soho) and Laetitia Barbier, head librarian at The Morbid Anatomy Library
In this class, students will learn how to create an osteological preparation of a bat in the fashion of 19th century zoological displays. A bat skeleton, a glass dome, branches, glue, tools, and all necessary materials will be provided for each student. The classes will focus on teaching ancient methods of specimen preparation that link science with art: students will create compositions involving natural elements and, according to their taste, will compose a traditional Victorian environment or a modern display.
The Coming of Age of the Danse Macabre on the Verge of the Industrial Age with Alexander L. Bieri Illustrated lecture with Alexander L. Bieri
Tuesday, July 9, 2013 at 7:00pm
The lecture not only discusses Schellenberg's danse macabre in detail, but also gives an insight into the current fascination with vanitas and its depictions, especially focusing on the artistic exploitation of the theme and takes into consideration the history of anatomical dissection and preparation.
"Viva la Muerte: The Mushrooming Cult of Saint Death" Illustrated lecture and book signing with Andrew Chesnut
Wednesday, July 10, 2013 at 7:00pm
The worship of Santa Muerte, a psuedo Catholic saint which takes the form of a personified and clothed lady death, is on the rise and increasingly controversial in Mexico and the United States. Literally translating to "Holy Death" or "Saint Death," the worship of Santa Muerte-like Day of the Dead-is a popular form of religious expression rooted in a rich syncretism of the beliefs of the native Latin Americans and the colonizing Spanish Catholics.
From Blue Beads to Hair Sandwiches: Edward Lovett and London's Folk Medicine: An Illustrated lecture with Ross MacFarlane, Research Engagement Officer in the Wellcome Library
Monday, July 15, 2013 at 7:00pm
During his life Edward Lovett (1852-1933) amassed one of the largest collections of objects pertaining to 'folk medicine' in the British Isles. Lovett particularly focused his attention on objects derived from contemporary, working class Londoners, believing that the amulets, charms and mascots he collected - and which were still being used in 20th century London - were 'survivals' of antiquated, rural practices.
The Vampires of London: A Cinematic Survey with William Fowler (BFI) and Mark Pilkington (Strange Attractor)
Thursday, July 18, 2013 at 7:00pm
This heavily illustrated presentation and film clip selection explores London's Highgate Cemetery as a locus of horror in the 1960s and 1970s cinema, from mondo and exploitation to classic Hammer horror.
"Here's a Health to the Barley Mow: a Century of Folk Customs and Ancient Rural Games" Screenings of Short Films from the BFI Folk Film Archives with William Fowler
Tonight, the British Film Institute's William Fowler will present a number of rare and beautiful short films from the BFI National Archive and Regional Film Archives showing some of our rich traditions of folk music, dance, customs and sport. Highlights include the alcoholic folk musical Here's a Health to the Barley Mow (1955), Doc Rowe's speedy sword dancing film and the Padstow Mayday celebration Oss Oss Wee Oss (Alan Lomax/Peter Kennedy 1953).
Of Satyrs, Horses and Camels: Natural History in the Imaginative Mode: illustrated lecture by Daniel Margócsy, Hunter College, New York
From its beginnings, science was (and still is) an imaginative and speculative enterprise, just like the arts. This talk traces the exchange of visual information between the major artists of the Renaissance and the leading natural historians of the scientific revolution. It shows how painters' and printmakers' fictitious images of unicorns, camels and monkfish came to populate the botanical and zoological encyclopedias of early modern Europe.
You can find out more on all events here.
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After starting five games as a rookie, he threw for 3,497 yards in 2007 and topped that the following year by throwing for 4,526.
"We talked in generalities,Nike Just Do It Scarpe Air Max, and basically Mike said, 'You're really going to enjoy working with Jay. He's a smart guy, he wants to work, he wants to learn. He's coachable,Yeezy Shoes China,'" Trestman said. "It wasn't a long conversation,Cheap Falcons Jerseys For Sale, but it was reassuring to hear it from him. And I didn't have any reason to think that he wasn't going to tell me exactly what he thought because I've never known him to do anything other than that."
The ball is also coming out of his hands quicker, which takes some pressure off his blockers. And when Shanahan looks at Cutler now, he sees more than a familiar face. He sees a familiar result.
"I'm a big fan of Jay Cutler's," he added.
"Him and Mike have a lot of similarities," Cutler said. "They like to really protect the quarterback. A lot of stuff that we do offensively is to make sure that we're successful and can complete a pass and we're protected."
So why not ask Mike Shanahan?
Trestman had a chance at the NFL combine this past spring and took advantage. Now, Cutler's having his best season in years,Adidas NMD Clearance, and the Bears are tied for the NFC North lead heading into Sunday's game against Shanahan's Washington Redskins.
Besides the feud with McDaniels, Cutler didn't exactly mesh with past Bears offensive coordinators Ron Turner, Mike Martz and Mike Tice. He even got up and walked away when Tice took a seat next to him and began talking during a game against Dallas last season. Two weeks earlier, he shoved offensive lineman J'Marcus Webb after some poor blocking, incidents that didn't exactly help his image.
"That's the way he played for me," Shanahan said.
Then, Shanahan got fired. Cutler clashed with new coach Josh McDaniels and wound up getting traded to Chicago before the 2009 season.
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Shanahan said his experience was "nothing but positive."
So far, it looks like he is.
LAKE FOREST, Ill. (AP) — New Chicago Bears coach Marc Trestman was trying to learn all he could about quarterback Jay Cutler in the early going.
The biggest difference Shanahan sees now is the supporting cast.
How good has Cutler been?
The Bears hired the offensive-minded Trestman to replace Lovie Smith, hoping he could get through to their talented quarterback.
He has 12 touchdown passes and six interceptions, the best ratio of his career, and it looks like the Bears are getting the answer they wanted to one of the biggest questions coming into the season: Can Trestman get the most out of his quarterback?
They added a go-to receiver a year ago when they reunited Cutler with Brandon Marshall, and Alshon Jeffery is paying off in a big way this season after being taken in the second round in 2012. The offseason addition of tight end Martellus Bennett gave Cutler another big target, and with four new starters on an overhauled line, Cutler isn't running for his life the way he did in recent years.
So far, the answer appears to be yes.
Trestman had a few questions of his own for Shanahan, who coached Cutler in Denver. It was a short but encouraging conversation.
With the Bears, it hasn't been the smoothest ride. There were issues with the supporting cast, particularly when it came to protection, and big questions over whether he is actually coachable.
Shanahan was Denver's coach when the Broncos drafted Cutler out Vanderbilt with the 11th pick in 2006, and the quarterback with the rifle arm put up the biggest numbers of his career under him.
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Three Hawks officers arrested on Friday by their own colleagues for alleged corruption, extortion, intimidation and defeating the ends of justice have appeared briefly in the Randburg Magistrate's Court.
The elite police investigative unit's spokesperson, Brigadier Hangwani Mulaudzi, said the three: 55-year-old Captain Thembani Luyanda Mnonopi, 39-year-old Captain Mydarling Hlanganani Ndaba and 49-year-old Warrant Officer Zanele Constance Shabane were remanded in custody after making a brief appearance.
Having already spent two days behind bars, the three officers still have three more to go before applying for bail on Wednesday.
Mulaudzi said their arrest follows revelation by an investigation that in "January this year they allegedly intimidated and extorted a Midrand-based businessman of over hundred thousand rand in foreign and local currency".
"It is alleged that the three officers visited a business premises in January this year. They demanded and eventually extorted a large amount of money from a business owner to avoid being reported to authorities for being in possession of invalid documents and to stay and conduct any business in South Africa," Mulaudzi said.
"They reportedly threatened to have his business shut down for operating with invalid documents and also for being in the country illegally."
The three are expected to appear at the Alexandra Magistrate's Court on April 10 where their bail application will be heard.


Police in Derbyshire are appealing for information on thieves who stole parts from a Red Cross ambulance. The Defender ambulance was parked with other ambulances at Red Cross House, in Matlock Green, when it was robbed of parts overnight on Thursday, October 25. The luminous yellow bonnet, bearing the word 'ambulance' and Red Cross logos, was stolen along with the front radiator grille and blue lights and the driver and passenger doors. A satnav was also taken from inside the vehicle. Anyone with information should call police on 101 or Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.