By: Michael P. Pappas, Michael P. Pappas Law Firm, P.C.
This article discusses ways to reduce the risk of litigation when hiring someone away from a competitor. Litigation involving trade secrets, non-compete agreements, and other postemployment restrictive covenants has grown exponentially, roughly doubling every decade since 1980. Often, these lawsuits are directed not only at the departing employee, but also at the employee's new employer. Many unsuspecting employers have found themselves roped into costly and time-consuming litigation after hiring a competitor's former employee.
If an organization frequently hires from competitors, it should familiarize itself with general hiring customs in the industry, including how aggressively (if at all) employers seek to enforce post-employment restrictive covenants. In many industries, there is a general understanding that employees jump from employer to employer, or that employees take their personal clients with them when changing employers. In those industries (e.g., advertising, retail), enforcement of restrictive covenants is not a high priority, and litigation is relatively rare. Conversely, in hyper-competitive industries where information and clients are jealously guarded (e.g., technology, insurance), the risk of becoming embroiled in restrictive covenant litigation is significantly higher. In other fields, such as the financial sector, competitors have joined together to reduce costly litigation by establishing written protocols governing the recruitment and hiring of each other's employees. See Protocol for Broker Recruiting. An understanding of restrictive covenant litigation practices in a particular industry can help an employer better evaluate the potential risks of hiring someone from one of its competitors.
Understanding these facts is critical to evaluating how the competitor will react in the face of losing the employee to a rival employer. In addition, in the event the candidate is subject to potentially valid restrictive covenants, a thorough understanding of the candidate's old and new roles can help the hiring employer structure the candidate's position and create institutional protocols that provide assurances against breach of those covenants. There are a number of resources from which an employer can obtain relevant information about the candidate and his or her role at the competitor. Although it is helpful to obtain such information directly from the candidate, employers should not rely solely on a candidate's representations, which might be self-serving or inaccurate. Rather, employers should attempt to independently verify information from the many public sources now available, including public-facing networking websites such as LinkedIn, industry directories, and the competitor's own public-facing website.
Many states prohibit requiring applicants to provide social media passwords or accept connection requests. As of November 7, 2016, 24 states have enacted social media privacy laws, namely, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin. Thus, employers should comply with relevant state laws when considering whether to rely on social media information that the general public cannot see or that is protected by passwords or other privacy measures.
In addition, the hiring employer may want to obtain relevant information about the candidate's former employer. For example, with the advent of electronic court filing and docket search software, employers now have the ability to research whether and how frequently the candidate's former employer has pursued litigation against departing employees for violating non-compete agreements or other restrictive covenants.
Many times, employers interviewing candidates from a competitor might inadvertently (or sometimes purposefully) elicit confidential information about the competitor's business, including, for example, customer identities, the competitor's future plans and strategies, and/or profit margins. Because the candidate's disclosure of such information might violate an existing confidentiality agreement (or common law confidentiality principles), employers should train interviewers to avoid questions that might prompt improper disclosures and to quickly stop candidates who begin to volunteer trade secrets or confidential information. Interviewers should state at the outset that the candidate should not disclose the competitor's trade secrets or confidential information at any time. Further, interviewers should tell candidates not to specifically identify clients when discussing their accomplishments, responsibilities, and work projects. You should advise employers to instruct interviewers never to ask the interviewee about the competitor's nonpublic customer or business information. Even if the candidate initiates the conversation about these issues, the interviewer should cut off the discussion immediately. Finally, advise the employer to instruct interviewers not to use a job interview as a vehicle for gathering intelligence about a competitor.
The hiring employer cannot fully appreciate and avoid the risk of restrictive covenant litigation without having full knowledge of a candidate's potential legal obligations to his or her former employer. Therefore, you must insist that the candidate provide full disclosure and copies of any employment contracts, stock or incentive compensation agreements, policies, or other documents that contain potential restrictions on post-employment activities.
Furthermore, you should emphasize to the candidate that a failure to disclose will result in serious adverse consequences, such as termination of employment if he or she is hired, and/or the hiring employer's refusal to assist the candidate in defending claims based on undisclosed covenants. Only with full disclosure of existing restrictive covenants can the hiring employer properly evaluate the scope and breadth of the covenants, what the potential risks of litigation will be, whether the hiring is worth the risk, and the likelihood of prevailing in the event of litigation.
In evaluating a candidate's obligations to his or her former employer, it is important to have up-to-date knowledge of the most recent legal developments concerning the enforcement of restrictive covenants under both federal and state law. The landscape of restrictive covenant law is perpetually in flux, with many jurisdictions now considering measures to prohibit or significantly restrict the use of non-compete agreements. For example, the attorneys general of New York and Illinois have taken aggressive action to prohibit the use of non-compete agreements against lower-level employees and are continuing to investigate employers who use non-compete agreements and other restrictions without a clearlydemonstrated business need. In addition, on August 19, 2016, Illinois enacted the Freedom to Work Act (effective January 1, 2017), 2015 Bill Text IL S.B. 3163 (820 Ill. Comp. Stat. 90/1 et seq.), which bans enforcement of non-compete agreements against low-wage employees. For more information on this Illinois non-compete statute, see Navigating Restrictive Covenants in Illinois. Although the long-term effects of this law and the government investigations remain to be seen, there is a clear trend toward limiting both the use and scope of covenants not to compete. For detailed information on a particular state's restrictive covenant requirements, which will help you evaluate candidates' restrictive covenants, see the relevant state's "Navigating Restrictive Covenants" practice note on Chart – State Practice Notes (Non-competes and Trade Secret Protection).
It is important to obtain written representations from candidates concerning potential restrictive covenants. Below are examples of key written statements the hiring employer should obtain concerning restrictive covenants and confidential information.
I warrant that I am not a party to any employment, consultancy, or independent contractor agreements with [Former employer] or any other prior employer, and am not subject to any post-employment restrictions that would prohibit or limit my employment by [Hiring employer].
This type of warranty can reduce the risk of being sued by the candidate's former employer by demonstrating that the hiring employer hired him or her in good faith and without any knowledge of the restrictive covenants. Or, in the event of litigation, this type of warranty can provide a defense to tortious-interference claims by establishing lack of knowledge of the candidate's existing contract with the competitor. Information on tortious interference claims and other potential claims by a competitor is discussed later in this article.
I will not disclose to [hiring employer] (the Company) or induce the Company to use any confidential or proprietary information belonging to [former employer] or any of my prior employers. Further, I represent and warrant to the Company that the performance of my job duties for the Company shall not violate, cause the breach of, or conflict with any prior agreement, contract, or understanding between me and any third party or otherwise violate any confidence of another.
I warrant that I have not taken or retained, and am not in possession of, any business materials or documents belonging to [former employer]. I acknowledge that the Company has advised me that I am strictly prohibited from bringing such materials or documents onto the Company's premises, providing such materials or documents to Company personnel, or using them in connection with my employment with the Company.
First, it emphasizes to the candidate that the hiring employer does not expect, and will not tolerate, the use or disclosure of a competitor's confidential information. This makes it less likely that the candidate will attempt to exploit such information for the hiring employer's benefit, thereby reducing the risk that the candidate will violate any confidentiality agreements or common law obligations.
Second, it can help the hiring employer demonstrate that it was acting in good faith and is not responsible for the employee's violation, which was in contravention of his or her written representations and the hiring employer's instructions.
If the candidate is subject to potentially valid restrictive covenants, but is being hired in a capacity that does not implicate those covenants, the hiring employer should specify in writing—whether in an offer letter, employment contract, or other hiring document—the exact nature and scope of the candidate's new position. This should be done in a manner demonstrating that his or her employment does not conflict with any existing post-employment restrictions.
For example, if a restrictive covenant applies only to a certain geographic area, business segment, or client base, the hiring employer should specify up front, in writing, that the candidate's responsibilities will be in a different geographic area or business segment, that he or she will be servicing only certain kinds of clients or prospective clients, or that he or she is otherwise being employed in a noncompetitive capacity.
There might be a period in the hiring process when the candidate has accepted a job with the hiring employer but is still working at the soon-to-be former employer. The hiring employer should address the following issues with the new hire in this situation.
In many cases, restrictive covenants contain a provision expressly requiring the departing employee to return any confidential information and other employer property in his or her possession, either before leaving or within a finite period following his or her departure. The hiring employer should instruct new hires (preferably in writing) to comply with any property-return provisions to ensure that the new hire does not possess any of the former employer's confidential or proprietary materials when he or she starts with the hiring employer. In fact, the hiring employer should take this precautionary step even in the absence of an express return-ofproperty provision.
Assigning the candidate to a non-competitive segment of the company until the restrictive covenant expires candidate's former employer will not sue. However, they reduce the risk that a candidate will breach existing restrictive covenants and provide a compelling defense if litigation does occur.
The hiring employer took diligent steps to determine at the pre-hire stage whether the employee was subject to postemployment restrictions.
The hiring employer had no knowledge or forewarning that, by hiring the employee, it was interfering with an existing contractual restriction.
The hiring employer instructed the new hire that he or she was not expected or permitted to (1) use or disclose any trade secrets or confidential information belonging to his or her former employer, or (2) improperly divert business opportunities belonging to the former employer.
The hiring employer instituted internal protocols (such as ethical walls) to ensure against the inadvertent use or disclosure of the former employer's trade secrets or confidential information.
Frequently, a hiring employer can defuse potential restrictivecovenant litigation before a lawsuit is ever filed by effectively responding to a cease and desist letter from the former employer.
In many cases, the former employer will provide the new hire and the hiring employer with an opportunity to voluntarily comply with the employee's post-employment restrictions by (1) informing the hiring employer of the existence of the restrictions and (2) demanding assurance that the restrictions will be observed. A cease and desist letter might sometimes also demand that the hiring employer take some affirmative action, such as withdrawing the employment offer or discharging the employee if it has already hired him or her.
The former employer has no intent to litigate, but uses the threat of litigation to force the employee and hiring employer to refrain from or moderate any violative conduct.
The former employer will litigate if forced to, but prefers to obtain assurances of compliance and resolve the matter without litigation.
The former employer fully intends to litigate, and sends the letter to create a record for later use in court.
Whatever the former employer's motive, it is advisable for the hiring employer to respond to a cease and desist letter promptly. Ignoring the letter completely is unwise.
There are a number of strategies for responding to a cease and desist letter, depending on the facts and circumstances of a particular case. If the letter identifies post-employment restrictions that the new hire failed to disclose, the hiring employer should consider whether the new hire made intentional misrepresentations. If so, the hiring employer might respond to the letter by informing the former employer that it will not continue to employ the employee.
There might be instances where the cease and desist letter provides detailed facts and examples of improper conduct by the new hire of which the hiring employer was not aware, such as evidence of mass misappropriation of confidential documents and data immediately prior to the employee's departure. If that is the case, the hiring employer should issue a prompt response stating that it will immediately investigate the matter and take appropriate action if the former employer's allegations are corroborated. If the hiring employer does not discover any corroborating evidence, it should so notify the former employer. If the former employer's allegations turn out to be true, the hiring employer will need to decide what action to take with respect to the new hire, and should advise the former employer what ameliorative actions it has taken.
To reduce the risk of restrictive covenant litigation, it is not enough for the hiring employer to obtain written representations and implement institutional protections at the outset of employment. You should advise the hiring employer to continue to monitor the employee's compliance and remind the employee of his or her obligations during the entire period the restrictive covenants are in place. Also, encourage the hiring employer to periodically review whether all protocols are being observed, including the employee's use of confidential information and involvement in areas from which he or she has been excluded. In cases where particularly sensitive and valuable types of competitive information are involved (such as secret formulas, source codes, patents, and the like), advise the hiring employer to consider periodically auditing the employee's communications and work product to ensure that it is not exposed to claims that the competitor's trade secrets are being stolen.
In many cases, the hiring employer might be able to avoid, or extricate itself from, restrictive covenant litigation by terminating the newly hired employee. However, immediate termination is not always possible due to contractual restrictions, particularly in the case of high level executives. Therefore, the hiring employer should ensure that it is able to terminate the offending employee without penalty in the event he or she engages in wrongdoing and violates restrictive covenants with a former employer despite the hiring employer's best efforts. This can be accomplished, for example, through employment contract provisions permitting immediate termination for cause if the employer determines that the employee either (1) misrepresented his or her existing obligations to the competitor at the time of hire, or (2) engaged in conduct exposing the employer to liability by violating his or her post-employment obligations. These kinds of protections can help the hiring employer avoid the unenviable choice of having to defend a restrictive covenant lawsuit by a competitor or a wrongful termination lawsuit by an employee.
Michael P. Pappas is the principal and founder of the Michael P. Pappas Law Firm, P.C., specializing in employment litigation, counseling, compliance, and administrative charge response. Prior to starting his own firm, Mr. Pappas practiced at the nation's leading employment law firms for more than 25 years. He is also the President and C.E.O. of Employment Compliance Advisors, LLC, a legal consulting firm.


We have been chicken keepers for around 3 years now and have been to our fair share of auctions and shows by now but haven't yet been able to put a breed to our original 3 birds.
We purchased them all together from a gentleman and was told that they were all from the same clutch of eggs, although they have different colouring's they all act and sound almost identical. The closest breed we could find was that of marans but were shocked to find that marans don't exist in New zealand, we would really like to get a few more of these girls as they have massive personalities and our original 3 are getting quite old. Any help identifying a breed is appreciated.
Hi Ward and welcome to PC.
You have 3 lovely girls there and most chickens are barnyard specials. They definitely aren't one of the breeds we have here in New Zealand and they aren't Marans, either. There is nothing wrong with barnyard specials. They often are better layers than many of the pure breds and reading your post you seem to enjoy having them.
If you'd like new ones that are similar to what you have got you might like to try Andalusians or Hamburgs - or a cross that incorporates one of these breeds.


text:
package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/Sirupsen/logrus"
	"github.com/fatih/color"
	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
	"os"
	"os/user"
	"path"
)

var log = logrus.New()

var sswVersion = "0.0.1"

func runShow(args []string, sswHome string) {
	as := new(AppSet)
	as.Home = sswHome
	green := getTermPrinter(color.FgGreen)
	blue := getTermPrinter(color.FgCyan)
	if len(args) == 0 {
		as.findApps("all")
	} else {
		as.findApps(args[0])
	}
	fmt.Println("Environments in use:")
	for i := range as.Apps {
		env, err := as.Apps[i].Current()
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Printf("%s\tno environment currently configured\n", green(as.Apps[i].Name))
		} else {
			fmt.Printf("%s\t%s\n", green(as.Apps[i].Name), blue(env.Name))
		}
	}
}

func runLoad(args []string, as *AppSet) {
	if len(args) == 0 {
		as.findApps("all")
	} else {
		as.findApps(args...)
	}
	for i := range as.Apps {
		as.Apps[i].Load()
	}
}

func getTermPrinter(colorName color.Attribute) func(...interface{}) string {
	newColor := color.New(colorName)
	newColor.EnableColor()
	return newColor.SprintFunc()
}

func getTermPrinterF(colorName color.Attribute) func(string, ...interface{}) string {
	newColor := color.New(colorName)
	newColor.EnableColor()
	return newColor.SprintfFunc()
}

func mkdirP(directories []string) {
	for dir := range directories {
		_, stat_err := os.Stat(directories[dir])
		if stat_err != nil {
			if _, ok := stat_err.(*os.PathError); ok {
				mkdir_err := os.MkdirAll(directories[dir], 0755)
				if mkdir_err != nil {
					log.Error("Received error " + mkdir_err.Error())
					os.Exit(0)
				} else {
					log.Println("Created directory " + directories[dir])
				}
			} else {
				log.Error("Received error " + stat_err.Error())
				os.Exit(0)
			}
		} else {
			log.Println("Directory ", directories[dir], "already exists")
		}
	}
}

func main() {
	log.Out = os.Stderr
	formatter := &logrus.TextFormatter{}
	formatter.ForceColors = true
	log.Formatter = formatter
	log.Level = logrus.InfoLevel
	var Verbose bool
	usr, _ := user.Current()
	SswHome := path.Join(usr.HomeDir, "/.ssw")
	var sswCmd = &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "sellsword",
		Short: "Sellsword is a generic command-line tool for switching between application environments",
		Long:  `Sellsword is a generic command-line tool for switching between application environments`,
		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
			fmt.Println("Please invoke one of Sellsword's subcommands to get started. Type sellsword help for more information")
		},
	}
	sswCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&SswHome, "ssw-home", "s", SswHome, "Home directory for Sellsword")
	sswCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&Verbose, "verbose", "v", false, "verbose output")

	sswCmd.PersistentPreRun = func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
		// for some reason I have to look up the verbose flag rather than just access the Verbose var
		v := sswCmd.Flags().Lookup("verbose").Value.String()
		if v == "true" {
			log.Level = logrus.DebugLevel
		}
	}

	var versionCmd = &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "version",
		Short: "Print the version number of sellsword",
		Long:  `All software has versions. This is Sellsword's`,
		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
			fmt.Printf("Sellsword version %s\n", sswVersion)
		},
	}
	sswCmd.AddCommand(versionCmd)

	// var initCmd = &cobra.Command{
	// 	Use:   "init",
	// 	Short: "Initialize Sellsword",
	// 	Long:  `This command creates the Sellsword directory structure and downloads default configurations from git@github.com:bryanwb/sellsword.git`,
	// 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
	// 		usr, _ := user.Current()
	// 		homedir := path.Join(usr.HomeDir, ".ssw/config")
	// 		awsdir := path.Join(usr.HomeDir, ".ssw/aws")
	// 		chefdir := path.Join(usr.HomeDir, ".ssw/chef")
	// 		mkdirP([]string{homedir, awsdir, chefdir})
	// 	},
	// }
	// sswCmd.AddCommand(initCmd)

	var loadCmd = &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "load",
		Short: "Loads current Sellsword configurations",
		Long:  `This command loads all default environment configurations for use by the shell`,
		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
			as := new(AppSet)
			as.Home = SswHome
			runLoad(args, as)
		},
	}
	sswCmd.AddCommand(loadCmd)

	var showCmd = &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "show",
		Short: "Show Sellsword environments",
		Long:  `Show current Sellsword environments`,
		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
			runShow(args, SswHome)
		},
	}
	sswCmd.AddCommand(showCmd)

	var listCmd = &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "list [env ...]",
		Short: "list available Sellsword environments",
		Long:  `List available Sellsword environments`,
		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
			as := new(AppSet)
			as.Home = SswHome
			as.listApps(args)
		},
	}
	sswCmd.AddCommand(listCmd)

	var useCmd = &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "use app env",
		Short: "Load environment and set it as default for application",
		Long:  `Load environment and set it as default for application`,
		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
			if len(args) > 2 {
				red := getTermPrinter(color.FgRed)
				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s\n", red("Usage: ssw use app_name environment"))
				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s\n",
					red("Execute `ssw list` to show available applications and environments"))
			} else {
				as := new(AppSet)
				as.Home = SswHome
				appName := args[0]
				envName := args[1]
				as.findApps(appName)
				app := as.Apps[0]
				app.MakeCurrent(envName)
			}
		},
	}
	sswCmd.AddCommand(useCmd)

	var unlinkCmd = &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "unlink app",
		Short: "Unlink the current environment for an application",
		Long: `Unlink the current environment for an application,
leaving no environment currently configured for an application`,
		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
			if len(args) > 1 || len(args) < 1 {
				red := getTermPrinter(color.FgRed)
				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s\n", red("Usage: ssw unlink app_name"))
			} else {
				as := new(AppSet)
				as.Home = SswHome
				appName := args[0]
				as.findApps(appName)
				app := as.Apps[0]
				app.Unlink()
			}
		},
	}
	sswCmd.AddCommand(unlinkCmd)

	sswCmd.Execute()

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The poetry of Leonard Cohen and the music of choral superstar Ēriks Ešenvalds meet in the premiere of the first commission funded by the Diane Loomer Commissioning Fund. The Dream We Carry is a joyous celebration of new music, including premieres of commissioned works by Canadian composers Imant Raminsh, Jocelyn Morlock, and Rodney Sharman, alongside Tormis and more. Uplifting, beautiful, and current – come dream with us!
We are pleased to welcome the PROMYS Honour Choir, who will perform selected works with Chor Leoni. This year's PROMYS Honour Choir is augmented by the young men of Portland's Tsunami Choir, which is a component of the Pacific Youth Choir.
Please note that ordering online and printing your tickets at home is the cheapest method of purchase.
As usual, very enjoyable. Eclectic program. Thank you.
How helpful was this review?
Once more, another excellent concert! We are looking forward to the June event!
How does one honour one perfect evening? Chor Leoni continues to push the boundaries and opens paths of creativity and community in music that will be choristers' benchmark for years to come. "The Dream We Carry" was one of the most magnificent evenings — with both the "old guard" and the "new guard" sharing the joys of their music making, encompassing passion, excitement and friendship in remarkable ways. If you have a chance GO!! They are repeating their special The Dream We Carry tomorrow at West Vancouver United Church at 2:00 p.m. Be prepared to be utterly amazed at the collaboration and creativity shared between three amazing choirs. The incredible music by Imant Raminsh, Eriks Esenvalds, Rodney Sharman, Paul Mealor, Jocelyn Morlock and Bruce Sled will make you realize that music in Canada is in great hands! Thank you to Erick Lichte and the wonderful humanity that is Chor Leoni!
The concert was wonderful. The singing, the atmosphere, the pieces chosen made for an evening of relaxation and interest. The girls choir was enlightening, they sang lovely pieces. The mix of boys and girls choirs sounded as though they work together all the time! We were very impressed with the entire evening.
Utterly delightful concert. Unbelievable that all that creativity in composition was done in the last 6-12 months. Lush beautiful sound and the instruments, including the wine glasses and whistling added a whole new dimension to it. Keep up the great work.
What a fabulous afternoon of primarily new music. I particularly loved the two pieces by Ericks Esenvalds. They were ravishingly beautiful. I also loved Letter from a Girl to the World, with personal messages from many of the girls, and the song about forgetfulness. All in all a wonderful concert by my favourite choir, Chor Leoni, and some of their friends. Thanks for such a memorable concert.
Absolutely an amazing afternoon. The Wandering Heart was fabulous and the song about forgetfulness so poinient. The words in Letter from a girl could be true for anyone at any age. Well I could go,on and on about each piece they were all marvellous. Spending time with Chor Leoni is time that enriches your soul. Very impressed as always!
You gave us a magical afternoon, so sumptuous a sound & so cleverly designed with the young folks interspersed. The privilege of hearing these important new works was really something on a perfect Sunday afternoon & I can't say that there was a favourite because they were all so transporting. I was left however with the haunting sadness of the last of the Leonard Cohen "The Road is too Long" I spend a couple of hours most days with my 100 year old Mother who lives in care & I can say for certain that the road is too long. The work Erick Lichte has dared to produce this season has emotional depth & accuracy rarely seen in the theatre, never mind Choral work. I was always delighted with Chor Leoni's work, but now I wouldn't miss a concert. Thank you for your daring & your excellence.
The concert on Sat. April 18 was truly outstanding. I found the mix of the pieces and the groups delightful. And, to have some of the composers and writers at the performance really added to the evening's electricity. The beautiful tone of the glasses melded so magically with the voices. Bravo!!
The performance was inspiring and delightful (those two adjectives can go together for a performance, can't they?!). Eriks two compositions were so innovative and beautifully sung. The additions of Promys and the girl's choir was a bonus. It is wonderful to hear such talented young people and know they are being encouraged to continue a rewarding pursuit.
Thank you for sharing your talents and hard work!
Artistically, melodically and majestically beautiful. Thoroughly enjoyed.


text:
Overlapping …nese patients
Overlapping copy number variations underlie autism and schizophrenia in Japanese patients
Added September 12th 2018, 2:29 PM
Common genetic variants may underlie autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia across human populations, according to a study appearing in the journal Cell Reports. In line with previous studies in Caucasians, the researchers found that Japanese individuals with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia have overlapping copy number variations (CNVs)--inter-individual variations in the number of copies of a particular gene.
"The strength of our study is the systematic head-to-head comparison of pathogenic CNVs and biological pathways between autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia," says senior study author. "Previous studies in Caucasian populations found overlap in pathogenic CNVs between the two disorders, but their analyses were limited to a small number of genes and CNV loci."
Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia have complex inheritance patterns, with multiple genetic and environmental factors influencing disease risk. Available evidence points to genetic overlap between the two clinically distinct disorders. For example, they tend to co-occur at a higher rate than would be expected in the general population, and a large epidemiological study showed that a family history of schizophrenia in first-degree relatives is a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder. In particular, previous studies have revealed that these two disorders are associated with an increased burden of CNVs, and that rare CNVs in specific loci are shared risk factors for both disorders.
However, the majority of the previous CNV studies were carried out in Caucasian populations, limiting the generalization of pathogenic CNVs and relevant biological pathways. Studies in populations other than Caucasians may also provide additional biological insights into the disorders. Moreover, the clinical features of patients with pathogenic CNVs have not been fully examined in non-Caucasian populations. Until now, no studies have directly compared pathogenic CNVs and biological pathways between autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia in non-Caucasian populations.
To address this gap in knowledge, the team performed comparative CNV analyses of 1,108 cases of autism spectrum disorder, 2,458 individuals with schizophrenia, and 2,095 controls in a Japanese population using a high-resolution technique called array comparative genomic hybridization. They confirmed an increased genome-wide burden of rare CNVs in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia and observed an overlap in pathogenic CNVs between the two disorders. Pathogenic CNVs, including those at 29 loci common to both disorders, were found in about 8% of the two types of patients, which was significantly higher than in controls.
"Genetic overlap has been suggested in epidemiological and molecular genetic studies," says first author. "In line with this, our systematic and comprehensive investigation confirmed a significant overlap of pathogenic CNVs between autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia in a Japanese population."
Additional analysis revealed that both disorders are associated overlapping biological pathways involved in the oxidative stress response, lipid metabolism, and genomic integrity. The researchers also identified 12 CNV loci potentially associated with these disorders in a Japanese population. Moreover, intellectual disability was strongly associated with pathogenic CNVs in both patient groups. "The identification of shared pathways and disease-relevant genes provides biological insights into autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia," the senior author says.
Moving forward, the researchers plan to investigate CNVs in bipolar disorder and examine the overlap of pathogenic CNVs and biological pathways among the three disorders. In the near future, they will also conduct studies using CNV-based animal models, as well as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients with pathogenic CNVs.
https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(18)31293-2
Edited September 12th 2018
Cells carry 'memory' of injury, which could reveal why chronic pain persists
Disrupted REM sleep can derail memory formation
How differences in male and female brains emerge
Mom's voice activates many different regions in children's brains
Surprising mechanism of acid reflux damage

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Cave Carson has a Cybernetic Eye #1 is written by Gerard Way (Umbrella Academy), who is also known from his other career a the vocalist of My Chemical Romance, and Jon Rivera (Heartbreak). This quirky tale tells the story of eponymous hero Cave Carson, a silver age creation who receives a well deserve and definately long overdue reboot. The new DC Comics project brings illustrator Michael Avon Oeming (The Mice Templar), into the collaboration.
Adventurer, Carson Cave is pulled back into the past when events at his secret underground lab plunge him into a new predicament. Cave has saved the day in numerous hazardous missions beneath the Earth's surface, one of which resulted in the implant of his cybernetic eye. Cave's plans to return once and for all to the planet surface to live out his days are well and truly on hold. His only option is to embark on resolving a new mystery.
Cave Carson was created in the early 1960s, by France Herron and Bruno Premiani, one of many iconic figures to debut in the Brave and the Bold series. This latest series is published under DC's new line Young Animal. Cave Carson has a Cybernetic Eye #1 will be available from October, 19th.


A kid's room should be able to shift and transform with the child as they grow. From toddler to teenager, kids love to spend time in their rooms. At a young age they need a play area and at an older age they need a study area. Whatever the criteria, I always try to maximize a bedroom space by ensuring that we create various zones. From sleep, store and play, whether the room is big or small-their needs to be proper consideration for all the components. Choosing a bed that is properly proportioned to the space is the first step, make sure that the room still has some distance from all the other zones. Create a study or play area by appointing a wall or floor space for this zone. Storage is crucial to play and study areas, if the space allows consider a built-in, its money well spent to keep everything organized. It can be used to store toys, books, and even extra linens throughout their childhood.
Art and wall murals can really jazz up a room, making it feel custom and distinct. Pulling tones from these features can help you create a color palate that works for your room and appeals to your child.
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Wert: This is a very English surname, and is from the medieval given names 'Parkin' or 'Perkin', which are themselves diminutives of 'Peter'. St. Peter was the favourite saint of the medieval church and his name was very popular throughout Christendom in the Middle Ages. The name means 'rock' or 'steadfastness', from the Greek 'petros', rock or stone. In the modern idiom the name can be spelt in a number of different ways: Parkyn, Parken, Perkin or Perkin. The patronymic 'son of Parkin' first appears in the 14th Century, and the name development including William Perkynsone of Warwickshire in 1382, and Emmot Parkyngson of Whitby, Yorkshire in 1540; Robert Parkinson was recorded in the Oxford University Register of 1564. One Dorithie Parkinson, an early emigrant to the New World, was recorded on a list of living 'at Elizabeth Cittie', Virginia, prior to February 16th 1623. A Coat of Arms granted to the family is a red shield, on a chevron between three silver ostrich feathers as many black mullets, the Crest being a cubit arm vested gold, charged with five ermine spots in saltire sable, cuffed argent, the hand proper holding a red ostrich feather. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Johannes Parkynson, which was dated 1379, in the 'Poll Tax Rolls of Yorkshire', during the reign of King Richard 11, known as 'Richard of Bordeaux', 1378 - 1400. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to 'develop' often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.


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Currently, the price of gold is rising because there is a clear need for safe investment, enet. We've seen federal rate cuts and stock market crashes.
Jason Starrett22/12/20223 minutes read
Currently, the price of gold is rising because there is a clear need for safe investment, enet. We've seen federal rate cuts and stock market crashes. This has made investors seek to invest their money in safer investments, and gold is one of the best investments of its kind. The weakness of the dollar and inflation are some of the factors that are likely to drive precious metal prices, David Lennox told CNBC's Street Signs Asia on Monday.
Lennox said it looks like everything is ready for the U.S. UU. The dollar will fall, even though it hasn't happened yet. If the greenback weakens, it would be a boon for gold, he added.
Geopolitical tensions between major military powers could also cause gold prices to rise sooner than expected, Lennox said. In particular, Russia's military presence along its border with Ukraine has been accumulating, and that is a central point where it could quickly turn into something disastrous, he said. Do you have any confidential news? We want to hear from you. Get this in your inbox and learn more about our products and services.
It is tempting to think that gold represents an objective and unshakable measure of wealth, especially considering the role of metal as an investment throughout civilization. The value of gold rises and falls like any other investment. While gold will almost certainly never gain or lose its relative value as quickly as penny stocks and dot-com initial public offerings, movements in the price of gold can still convey information. On average, gold covers stock market declines.
Therefore, when stocks fall, gold is likely to rise. It's an ideal hedge, and the timing to build that hedge couldn't be more clear. Of course, gold is also consumed as jewelry, and there are large increases in demand even by world governments, which seek gold as a store of value that they hold in central banks. That said, the price of gold could skyrocket at this important juncture and have lasting movements for gold price predictions for the next 5 years.
This was known as the gold standard, but in 1971, the President of the United States, Richard Nixon, told the Federal Reserve to stop respecting the value of the dollar in gold and ended its primary use as a currency value and helped the asset become more of a store of value. Another consequence of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, according to Goldman Sachs, will be that not only will Russia not sell its gold reserves, but it will probably return to being a major buyer of gold once the ruble stabilizes. Demand for gold continues to change and, in recent times, has increased as manufacturers of electronic products have seen the use of gold in their products to improve conductivity. Since gold is also considered a very effective portfolio diversifier due to its low to negative correlation with major asset classes, it tends to rebound in times of uncertainty, so one of the factors to consider is the relationship between gold and other asset classes, which feel pressure or pleasure in current financial circumstances.
Investing in gold has never had a better time to start than right now, the price is about to skyrocket, but participating in the trading of such a product can be difficult due to its physical nature and the exclusivity of many gold brokers, who are not as open to new traders. . Gold and inflation also work together, since inflation is a way in which money can devalue quickly, and when this happens, people prefer to keep their money in something that increases in value rather than in something that increases in value, such as gold. In addition, the fact that gold is a scarce asset, but with an uncertain supply, means that it is often worth watching the markets and forecasting gold prices for the next 10 years can often bring positive gains over this long period of time.
To learn more about investing in gold and silver and what could come, especially in the case of fiat currencies, download Mike Maloney's best-selling book, Guide to Investing in Gold %26 Silver. The policy of quantitative easing is in full swing in some of the largest economies in the world and this is good news for gold, since savings are ignored when it comes to the dollar and a new means of saving, such as gold, is needed. For example, India consumes between 800 and 850 tons of gold annually, and rural India accounts for 60 percent of the country's gold consumption. .
Gold Price Forecast | Is Gold a Good Investment?
How high the gold price will go this year, UBS says | Fortune
https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/05/investing-in-gold-fat-prophets-analyst-says-gold-could-test-new-highs.html
david lennox
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Why Has eSports Betting Become So Big?
eSports has been growing year-on-year and, inevitably, once betting companies got a foothold in the virtual world, it was always going to become another revenue stream.
Betting on eSports reached new highs in 2017 — and, as traditional bookmakers are finally catching up with the global phenomena, it's only set to get bigger. eSports betting has been around for a few years, beginning on specialised sites but a few mainstream bookies are now involved and have dedicated sections for punters to get involved with the video gaming world.
It's not surprising that it's taken so long, as traditional high-street bookmakers tend to stick to the fields that they know — namely horseracing and football. But why the sudden change of heart? Why move into an area that could bring added risk?
It's a case of keeping up with the times more than anything. Traditional sports will always have a place in our culture, but with the advent of eSports, if bookmakers want to keep bringing in new customers, they're forced to follow current trends. Some companies even employ eSports experts in order to offer odds on all the biggest tournaments.
The League of Legends World Championship is one of the biggest events on the eSports calendar, and therefore one of the most popular events to place bets on. It's possible to place bets on the tournament as well as the matches throughout the course of the season. League of Legends' popularity can be seen by the fact it attracted more viewers in the USA than either basketball's NBA or baseball's World Series in 2016 — an incredible 43 million unique viewers tuned in to watch.
Those numbers are enough to make anyone take note — and the betting industry has responded.
eSports is no longer seen as a pastime for 'geeks' and has moved into the mainstream, with leading TV networks now covering major events. Furthermore, while video games and eSports used to be seen as a male-dominated industry, it's now estimated that over half of the general audience is female.
A few betting scandals involving the gaming section did thwart the industry's progress, however, with a number of sites going under after failing to comply with the correct regulations. As the larger bookmakers have begun to accept eSports on their books though, these issues have been ironed out, allowing the industry to flourish. Betting firms dedicated to eSports have also sprung up, with Luckbox, a next-generation eSports betting platform that also uses cryptocurrency as a payment method, being one of the most popular.
According to industry experts, eSports will double its current audience to as many as 600 million people by 2020 and, as a result, betting on gaming will increase exponentially. Tournaments in real life venues regularly sell out while millions more watch online, and it is showing no signs of slowing down as technology and the games on offer continue to improve.
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No:164/20, Press Release of the Press Service Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan
The military provocation of the Armenian armed forces on July 12 in the direction of the Tovuz district along the Azerbaijani-Armenian border was prevented, and the enemy forces faced adequate retaliatory strikes. Today, the situation in the region continues to be tense, and all the attacks of the Armenian armed forces have been met with appropriate countermeasures.
On July 13, 2020, the Armenian armed forces targeted the village of Dondar Gushchu in the Tovuz district of Azerbaijan and its civilian population using large-caliber weapons. By this act, Armenia has once again demonstrated its aggressive and terrorist nature.
As in the April events of 2016, Armenia, engaged in artillery shelling of densely populated territories of Azerbaijan, grossly violates all its obligations, fundamental norms and principles of international law, including international humanitarian law. And the Armenian leadership, which is behind this provocation, reveals its Nazi nature.
As a result of the ongoing provocation of the Armenian armed forces, there are still no casualties among the Azerbaijani civilian population, and all enemy attacks are adequately prevented. The Armenian leadership should be sure that every Azerbaijani civilian share and demonstrates the high determination and courage shown by the Azerbaijani armed forces on the battlefield. Because Azerbaijan's position is a position of justice and is based on international law.
The leadership of Armenia by continuing the aggressive policy, and trying to strengthen the consequences of the occupation of the internationally recognized territories of Azerbaijan, must be sure that this policy promises nothing but shame, failure and self-destruction. The Armenian leadership should not think that their actions will go unpunished. As in any case of every occupation, the Armenian occupation is temporary and the country will be held accountable for all its illegal actions.


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Travelling insurance could be done not later then 72 hours before your trip, in that case you can add trip cansellation risk. Policy, that is done later can't contain that risk.


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Home » Markets » The Latest: UK says Brexit plan on track despite resignation
The Latest: UK says Brexit plan on track despite resignation
The Latest on Brexit (all times local):
British Prime Minister Theresa May's office insists the government's plans for leaving the European Union are on track despite the resignation of the top official in the Brexit department.
David Davis resigned as Brexit secretary late Sunday, saying he couldn't support proposals to maintain close trade and regulatory ties with the EU.
Davis was replaced Monday with Dominic Raab, a lawmaker who strongly supports Britain's EU exit.
Davis's resignation shattered a fragile peace in May's government, which is split between supporters of "hard" and "soft" Brexit. Britain is due to leave the EU in March.
May's official spokesman, James Slack, says "we need to move forward at pace in these negotiations, and that's what we are going to do."
He says "there is now a new secretary of state and we look forward to moving on."
The European Union says it will push on with Brexit talks despite the resignation of Britain's chief negotiator, and is ready to work with his replacement.
European Commission spokesman Margaritis Schinas says Monday that "we will continue to negotiate in good will, bona fide, with Prime Minister Theresa May and the UK government negotiators in order to reach a deal."
Asked whether the appointment of Dominic Raab would affect the negotiations, Schinas said it mattered for Britain but not necessarily the EU: "What matters for us is the negotiating framework that our 27 member states have set for us."
He said EU negotiators stand ready to work through the summer if needed to reach an agreement. Britain officially leaves the EU at midnight on March 29 next year.
The German government says it's confident the British government can continue to act on Brexit despite the resignation of the minister tasked with the job of negotiating with the European Union.
Foreign Ministry spokesman Rainer Breul said Monday that while Germany doesn't generally comment on foreign Cabinet reshuffles, "we have no doubt the British side remains capable of acting" on Brexit.
Britain's Brexit minister, David Davis, quit late Sunday, two days after Prime Minister Theresa May announced she had united her quarrelsome government behind a plan for a divorce deal with the EU.
Separately, German government spokeswoman Martina Fietz downplayed talk of discord on Brexit between Chancellor Angela Merkel and her top security official. Interior Minister Horst Seehofer had warned last week of security risks when Britain leaves the EU.
Britain's government has named former Housing Minister Dominic Raab to take up the post of senior official in charge of negotiating the country's exit from the European Union, after his predecessor resigned.
Prime Minister Theresa May's office announced the appointment in a Monday statement. Raab, a Brexit supporter, follows David Davis, who had accused May of undermining Brexit with her plan to keep close trade ties with the bloc.
Davis quit just two days after May announced she had finally united her quarrelsome government behind a plan for a divorce deal with the EU.
The European Parliament's chief Brexit official is urging Britain to look beyond the departure of its chief negotiator and move forward quickly to clinch a deal with the EU.
Guy Verhofstadt said that "it is in the interest of the both that we move the negotiations forward."
Verhofstadt hopes "the UK unites around a position to conclude a broad Association Agreement with the EU."
In a blow to the British government, Davis quit late Sunday, saying he could not support Prime Minister Theresa May's plan for close trade and regulatory ties with the EU after Brexit next year.
His resignation came just two days after May announced she had finally united her quarrelsome government behind a plan for a divorce deal with the EU.
Former Brexit Secretary David Davis says he won't seek to challenge Prime Minister Theresa May's leadership after resigning from her Cabinet, but that he will pressure her to toughen her position on Britain's departure from the European Union.
Davis says he resigned because he didn't feel he best suited to carry the divorce deal forward, telling the BBC Monday that he doesn't want his resignation to become a rallying cry for May's ouster. He says "I like Theresa May, I think she's a good prime minister."
But he says they had a difference of strategy and hoped the decision would send a signal to the EU not to push Britain any further in Brexit negotiations.
Davis's late-night resignation undermined May's already fragile government, which has lost several ministers this year.
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British Prime Minister May says Parliament should prepare for several outcomes, including the possibility of no Brexit deal »


It's officially Teacher Appreciation Week and today is National Teachers' Day, but the celebration may seem hollow for some—a number of teachers say they're not receiving the recognition they believe they deserve.
According to Gallup research, K-12 teachers rated the work recognition they receive lower than any other employee polled in an extensive workplace-engagement survey: Only 29 percent of K-12 teachers strongly agree that they have received recognition or praise for doing good work in the last seven days, according to a Gallup blog post that analyzes research done in 2013.
This is especially troubling considering the benefits of feeling valued: When teachers receive regular recognition and praise, they are more likely to be productive and engaged, according to Gallup research. Consistent recognition can promote teacher retention and also result in higher satisfaction reported by parents and students.
The U.S. Department of Education is also supporting the #ThankATeacher campaign. Teachers can update their Facebook profile pictures using a department-sponsored frame to participate in the weeklong celebration.
For parents and students, the Parent Teacher Association has printable thank-you cards and certificates for parents and students looking to recognize a special teacher or principal this week.
Last week, ABC's popular game show, "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" starred four teachers, including Kaitlin Roig-Debeillis, a 1st grade teacher who saved the lives of all 15 of her students during the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary in Newtown, Conn., in 2012.
The other three teachers who competed for the $1 million prize were Bob Scarpone, a high school social studies teacher in Flanders, N.J.; Sonya Romero, a kindergarten teacher in Albuquerque, N.M.; and Jen Sculley, a high school dean in Denver.
Teacher appreciation efforts are also underway among fundraising sites. On average last year, teachers spent $530 on classroom items and teachers in high-poverty schools spent almost 40 percent more. Nonprofits like Donors Choose allow the public to donate to teachers who are raising money for things like classroom supplies—some campaigns are also matched by partners of Donors Choose.
In Wisconsin, for example, all teachers who had an active Donors Choose campaign received funding from former U.S. Sen. Herb Kohl, according to On Milwaukee. In September, to kick off the first day of school, Kohl had initially funded every single active Donors Choose campaign created by a Wisconsin teacher. Now, to celebrate the state's teachers this week, he has donated another $500,000 to match donations already made to the campaigns.
GoFundMe, another popular fundraising site, is also giving back to the nation's educators. The social fundraising platform announced its national contest for PreK-12 educators called "We Love Teachers." In order to be eligible, campaigns must be created between May 1 and May 18, and teachers must raise more than $500 by May 18 to be entered for a chance to win a $1,000 donation from the company.
But in the meantime, teachers, here are some stores and brands offering discounts and deals celebrating YOU. It's worth mentioning that some deals are year-round.
Department stores: Banana Republic, Eddie Bauer, Hanes, J.Crew, Loft, and Old Navy.
Teaching Supplies: Michaels, A.C. Moore, Barnes & Noble, JoAnn Fabrics, and the Scholastic Store. Teachers can also enter to win Apple devices by entering Horace Mann's "An Apple a Day" giveaway.


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Matthew Crownover and Rhett Wiseman Sweep Carolina League Weekly Awards for 8/20-8/26
Crownover's No-Hitter Gets Potomac First 2018 Pitcher of the Week, Wiseman Tallies Potomac's Fourth 2018 Player of the Week
By Potomac Nationals | August 27, 2018 4:02 PM
Woodbridge, VA---On Monday afternoon, the Carolina League announced that Potomac Nationals LHP Matthew Crownover and RF Rhett Wiseman swept the Carolina League weekly awards for the week of 8/20-8/26. Crownover threw a no-hitter for Potomac on Saturday night, while Wiseman posted an OPS of 1.429 over the week for the P-Nats.
Crownover is the first Potomac pitcher to take home the Carolina League Pitcher of the Week award in 2018. On Saturday night, August 25th against the Lynchburg Hillcats, the left-handed starter threw the first no-hitter in Potomac Nationals history. Crownover allowed just four baserunners, three via a walk and one HBP. The lefty struck out three over his 110-pitch complete game effort. It was just the second complete game of the season for Potomac, and Crownover's longest outing as a professional.
The 25-year-old Crownover is in his third season with Potomac. The former Clemson Tigers pitcher made 17 starts for the P-Nats in 2016, 10 appearances and six starts before a promotion to Double-A Harrisburg in 2017, while his no-hitter on Saturday was his 23rd appearance and 20th start with Potomac in 2018. So far this season, the left-handed starter is 5-8 with a 4.46 ERA. Crownover has struck out 77 over 113.0 innings. In his last seven appearances, Washington's sixth round pick in the 2015 MLB Draft is 2-0 with a 1.45 ERA and an opponent's batting average of just .205.
Wiseman is the fourth Potomac hitter to take home the Carolina League Player of the Week in 2018. Over his past six games, all against the Northern Division-leading Lynchburg Hillcats, Wiseman went 10-19 with three doubles, a triple, and four RBIs. The Potomac outfielder slashed .526/.640/.789 over his award-winning week.
In his second full season with Potomac, the 24-year-old Wiseman ranks third in the Carolina League in home runs (21) and slugging percentage (.497) through his first 110 games of 2018. Wiseman leads the P-Nats in extra-base hits (47) and walks (61), as well as outfield assists (9). From 2017 to 2018 with Potomac, Washington's third round pick in the 2015 MLB Draft has increased his batting average (30 points), on-base percentage (81 points), and slugging percentage (106) points.
This is the first weekly award as a professional for Crownover. It is the second weekly award as a professional for Wiseman, who took home New York-Penn League Player of the Week honors with the Auburn Doubledays for the week of 7/13/15-7/19/15.
The P-Nats open up their final regular season homestand of the season on Monday night, as the Frederick Keys (Baltimore) come to town. First pitch at Northwest Federal Field is set for 7:05pm.
The Potomac Nationals of the Carolina League play at Northwest Federal Field at Pfitzner Stadium in Woodbridge, Virginia, and are the Carolina League affiliate of the Washington Nationals. The Potomac Nationals have claimed five Carolina League Championship titles (1982, 1989, 2008, 2010, and 2014) and nine CL Northern Division Championships. Sponsorship opportunities for the P-Nats' 2018 season and beyond are available, as well as all-inclusive corporate picnic outings to watch the future stars of the Washington Nationals at The Pfitz. 2018 Potomac Nationals season tickets and mini plans are now on sale. For more information on Potomac Nationals 2018 season tickets, mini plans, group outings, picnic packages, fundraisers, and all things Red, White, and Blue, visit the P-Nats online at www.potomacnationals.com, follow the P-Nats on Facebook (@PotomacNationals), Twitter (@PNats42), and Instagram (@pnats42), or call the Potomac Nationals' Extreme Custom Collision Ticket Office at 703-590-2311.
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This story was not subject to the approval of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues or its clubs.


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Recently, one of my students—a junior in high school—raised his hand and asked if he really had to sign the back of his test form. I asked him why he was asking.
Part of the new Common Core requirements is the elimination of teaching cursive handwriting. This change was in the process of happening anyway, but institutionalizing it as part of the Common Core has only hastened the death of writing in script. Still, as PBS reports, at least seven states have moved to make teaching cursive writing mandatory.
The argument against teaching cursive handwriting is that as long as students learn basic manuscript in kindergarten and first grade, they have writing skills, so after that, the Common Core requirements shift to keyboarding skills to train students to survive in this 21st century technologically driven world. Never mind that some students might not be able to afford to have computers at home and may still be working with pencil and paper, or as PBS reported, students are graduating without the ability to sign their name to do basic tasks in the adult world such as open a bank account, which still requires a signature, not a thumbprint or retinal scan.
An article in Tuesday's The New York Times, however, suggests that handwriting is much more than Common Core standards might have us believe. Researchers are discovering new evidence to show links between taking handwritten notes and greater memory, recall, and even creativity. According to the article, some of that comes from the nature of handwriting itself—learning to recognize that all the different ways one might write the letter "a," from the neatest to the messiest, and the most elegant to the most chicken-scratchiest—creates powerful neural connections in children's brains.
Buzzfeed also reported recently on research that shows that taking notes by hand helps people remember better. This study involved participants who listened to a TED talk and either took handwritten or typewritten notes. Afterwards, both groups responded to a series of factual and conceptual questions based on the talk. The group who took the handwritten notes did far better than their laptop counterparts in answering the conceptual questions, although both groups performed equally well on the factual questions.
Maybe you are wondering at this point—all of this is interesting, but what is so existential about it?
Here is my thought, albeit, one that I am admittedly composing from a laptop keyboard. I sometimes write by hand and sometimes by keyboard. Writing by keyboard is far more efficient in today's society—assignments are done faster, emailed faster, published faster. Faster, faster, faster. When I write by hand, the process is a little slower. I cannot do word counts. I am often away from Internet connections. But I feel much more connected to what I write. On the keyboard, my fingers might get ahead of my brain. On paper, my hand and brain work together. I feel the mind-body split on the computer while I feel the entirety of being involved in the writing process when I write by hand. By hand, I have an I-Thou relationship with what I write. Of course, that doesn't mean that what I write by hand is always brilliant—it's not. But it comes from a deep place, even if I am writing test questions.
Recently, I downloaded for my iPhone an app for Moleskine notebooks—my favorite writing books. I thought I would use it all the time on my phone since I love those notebooks for writing handwritten notes for all sorts of things. But I have a very different relationship with writing on my iPhone. I worry about where my fingers are on the keyboard. I worry about what the auto-spellcheck is going to do to my word if it is not in the dictionary. I worry about going back and inserting a missing word. All of these and more interfere with the flow…. I never had that problem with pen and paper.
So, call me old-fashioned, call me a Luddite. I can take it. I like cursive writing. In fact, I love it. I want to see every student learn it. I want them to know how to sign their names. I want them to take handwritten notes and remember more of what they learn in class. And while there are very few things I agree with that the state of North Carolina has done, they have a Back to Basics program to teach students both cursive writing and multiplication tables. I'd put my signature on that!


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David Limbaugh » A Hearty Summer Reading Recommendation: 'Armstrong Rides Again!'
A Hearty Summer Reading Recommendation: 'Armstrong Rides Again!'
It's been a rough year, to say the least, with a global pandemic, the election of the most dangerous, leftist presidential administration ever, and a media and institutional elite in this country who are essentially Marxist functionaries.
Summer and beach reading might provide some needed relief. But before you pack your bags and head to the sun and the sand, here's a recommendation for a fun book to take along.
It's a western like no other (expect maybe its prequel, "Armstrong," which I read and much enjoyed a couple of years ago). Written by H.W. Crocker III, it's called "Armstrong Rides Again!" and it imagines the continuing adventures of George Armstrong Custer after he survived the Battle of the Little Bighorn and became an incognito marshal and soldier of fortune.
In this tale, he meets up with a few real-life characters such as Black Bart and Ambrose Bierce and gets involved in an entirely make-believe Latin American civil war. The book is action-packed — a real page turner — and hilarious at the same time.
Not only does this book provide recreational distraction from deeply troubling headlines and the cares of the day but it has, beneath the surface, a surprisingly deep and affirming conservative message — one that doesn't interfere with its entertainment value. If anything, it adds to it, because you know the author is on your side. (I know this for certain because, full disclosure, Harry Crocker is a friend of mine.)
"Armstrong" was great, but "Armstrong Rides Again!" is one of those cases where the sequel is even better. In "Armstrong," the conservative themes were subtler; here, they are more direct, but in an amusing way, as in the comical monologues of the ruler of the imaginary Latin American country.
There's a lot in this book about the nature of a just government, loyalty, religion, the fetishization of "science" (what could be more timely?), the hypocrisy and self-serving nature of the liberal establishment, the essential importance of history and patriotism — all as retold by our incomparably courageous narrator, George Armstrong Custer, who battles American Indians, revolutionaries and spies with equal aplomb while matching wits with his own on-again, off-again ally: the sardonic, skeptical martial Ambrose Bierce.
You'll also meet a priest who designs submarines; a former Confederate officer-turned-federal agent; a multilingual, theologically minded American Indian scout; a suave, villainous turncoat whom the modern reader might liken to certain modern-day "principled conservatives"; and, of course, the Latin American ruler El Caudillo. Picture Donald Trump as the head of a Latin American monarchy and you might get some idea of what the character is like; he's the man whose counterrevolutionary cause Custer joins.
The book, written as a letter to Custer's wife, Libbie, is endlessly quotable, but perhaps these opening paragraphs will be enough to entice you: "I write this from a study with a window overlooking the ships in San Francisco Bay. Beside me, smoking a cigar and criticizing my every word, is Major Ambrose Bierce, the journalist. He would rather tell this tale himself — he is the professional writer after all — but as you know, dearest Libbie, I can turn a handsome phrase myself, and this is our tale, Bierce's and mine, and would not have happened had we not crossed paths (and swords), and I can tell it plainly, unadorned by journalistic exaggeration.
"My last letter chronicled how I liberated Bloody Gulch, Montana — and a fine, rousing story it was. But it left you hanging precipitously wondering what happened next. Now I can tell you.
"I had to flee. The U.S. Cavalry was on its way — and much as I love the Cavalry, I had to preserve my anonymity. A sorrowing world believes I am dead, and I cannot disabuse it of that mournful conclusion until I can prove that my men and I were betrayed into catastrophe at the Little Bighorn."
Who could stop reading after that! Do yourself a favor. Buy this book; let it entertain you while reminding you of the things that matter most in life; and pass it along to your older kids. They'll get a kick out of it, too. As Andrew Breitbart famously said, "Politics is downstream from culture." Isn't it nice to have some popular culture of our own for a change? Thank you, Harry. Long may Armstrong ride!
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St James Villa is on the west coast of Barbados in Holetown in the parish of St James. Located right on the water's edge, you can't get much closer to the beach!
Holetown offers excellent facilities with world renowned restaurants and superb shopping including designer stores, duty free shops, supermarket and banks.
Bus stops, car hire and taxi rank are close by for easy access to the rest of the island of Barabdos.


Overview: Early Intervention is a publicly funded program for children birth to three years of age with a developmental delay or disability. It is administered in New York City by the Department of Health and follows New York State Guidelines. University Settlement provides home- based services to children in their homes or community setting. Our philosophy is to collaborate with families to incorporate therapeutic techniques in their daily activities to provide multiple opportunities for practice and learning in the natural environment.
The Occupational Therapist will provide home-based services to children that relate to self-help skills, adaptive behavior and play, and sensory, motor and postural development.


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Olympic torch designer receives honorary award
Olympic torch designer, Edward Barber, has received an honorary Doctor of Arts degree from Leeds Metropolitan University as part of the summer graduation ceremonies.
Just two days before the London 2012 opening ceremony, the former Leeds Met student and internationally-acclaimed designer has been honoured for his significant contribution to the arts. Edward started his career by studying for a degree in interior design, graduating in 1989. He met Jay Osgerby, the torch's co-designer, while studying for a Masters degree in Architecture at The Royal College of Art and, in 1996, the duo founded the industrial design practice, BarberOgersby.
The BarberOsgerby Olympic torch design saw off competition from some 1,000 entries to be selected by the London Organising Committee. The pair initially came up with the idea of perforating the torch to reduce its weight, soon realising that incorporating 8,000 holes would represent the number of runners carrying the torch. Also, as well as making it easier to grip the torch, the three-sided design symbolises the three times Britain has hosted the Games.
As well as receiving wide public acclaim, the London Olympic Torch has received one of the creative industry's highest accolades, winning the Design Museum's: Design of the Year award for 2012.
Alongside their eponymous studio, Barber and Osgerby founded the Universal Design Studio, a creative design consultancy working in architecture, interiors and exhibition design. In 2010, the pair followed this with the launch of Map, a multi-disciplinary design studio that provides design intuition, creative direction and research. Together they are responsible for design collections, furniture and one-off works for both private and public commissions, including designing the Science Museum's biggest-ever gallery.
A Professor of Design, Edward has lectured internationally and hosted workshops. His work is held in permanent collections around the world including the V&A Museum and the Design Museum in London; the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, the Art Institute of Chicago and the Indianapolis Museum of Art.
Other dignitaries receiving awards this week include Huddersfield Town chairman Dean Hoyle, Harry Potter and The Syndicate star Matthew Lewis, Red or Dead designer Wayne Hemmingway and England rugby union head coach, Stuart Lancaster, who has been awarded an honorary docorate in Sport. Completing the list of honorary awards are Colin Harrop, Pam Warhurst and The Guardian's Northern Editor Martin Wainwright.
The graduation celebrations will take place at the University's Headingley Campus from Monday 23 to Friday 27 July, where over 5,000 students will graduate over five days, alongside the ten honorary degree recipients.


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Home » World News » Janet Napolitano: COVID and college – we can't let a pandemic upend the future for our most vulnerable kids
Janet Napolitano: COVID and college – we can't let a pandemic upend the future for our most vulnerable kids
Technology on college campuses fight against COVID19
Nationwide college campuses are working to keep their classrooms open during the coronavirus pandemic. Many colleges are relying on technology to help them get the job done.
There is a common misconception in higher education that when college acceptance letters arrive, the biggest hurdle to a bright future has been successfully overcome. However, the greater challenge, which will only be exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, is keeping college students enrolled after their freshman year.
In fact, National Student Clearinghouse reported that of the 2.6 million first-time undergraduate students who enrolled in fall 2018, almost 25 percent did not persist into their second year. And among students of color, almost 30 percent of Hispanic students and 33 percent of Black students did not stay in school after their freshman year according to that same report.
Given the disproportionate effect the pandemic has had on vulnerable communities, we risk these numbers growing at a rate that will have severe consequences for generations to come as well as a negative effect on our nation's economy during the post-pandemic recovery.
We know that education beyond high school pays off. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics found that people who earn a bachelor's degree make around $22,000 more a year on average than those with some college credit, and people with advanced degrees earn almost $35,000 more. Average unemployment rates also decline as educational attainment rises.
That's why we need to make investments in personalized, early interventions that increase the likelihood of retaining our first-time college students, especially for Black, Latinx, first-generation and low-income students.
Student-faculty mentoring programs help students adjust to the transition to college through a faculty mentor who provides social and academic support to students.
Leveraging predictive analytics helps institutions identify and provide interventions like counseling and other supports to students who may be struggling before it is too late. And faculty can use online, rapport-building strategies in their remote course to help engage with students and help them succeed in this online environment.
PFIZER COVID-19 VACCINE 'EXTRAORDINARY MEDICAL ACHIEVEMENT' IN US, AZAR SAYS
It is not too late to begin these efforts as the fall semester wraps up and planning for spring semester begins.
I understand the importance of students' first experiences as relates to retention as I have seen firsthand the challenges they face – academically, financially, and personally.
In my recent role as president of the University of California, I spent significant time focused on addressing the cost of higher education while also working to provide greater access to our system in order to help students succeed.
As governor of Arizona, I invested in higher education to ensure that students were learning from high-quality faculty and engaged in relevant programming that made them career ready.
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Even amid a pandemic, we cannot overlook investing in and supporting our first-time college students as they attempt to persist through this non-traditional academic year.
Financial stress has been significantly affected by the pandemic, negatively impacting student's mental health at a time where campus resources are inaccessible. In this largely hybrid and remote learning environment, we must be innovative as we reimagine the wraparound services typically offered to support students' financial and mental health needs.
Our leaders and institutions must continue to invest in academic and non-academic supports for first-time college students, even in this time of great fiscal uncertainty. Doing so will help students return for their second year and pay dividends in the long-term as they complete their degree.
Even when teaching remotely, faculty and administrators must be vigilant in providing personalized, early interventions and continuing to build stronger rapport so students who are at the greatest risk of stopping out and never returning, persist through their first year and beyond.
We cannot let a pandemic get in the way of helping our most vulnerable students succeed – their future and ours depends on it.
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