text:
Melania welcomes White House tree after being caught on tape saying 'who gives a f***' about Christmas
Graeme Massie
Melania Trump was all smiles as she welcomed her family's final Christmas tree to the White house (AFP via Getty Images)
Melania Trump was all smiles as she welcomed her family's final Christmas tree to the White House.
The maskless first lady appeared in the festive spirit despite being caught on tape earlier this year complaining "who gives a f*** about Christmas stuff."
Decorating the historic mansion will be her final major job as first lady before Dr Jill Biden takes over the role in January.
The giant 18.5 ft tall Fraser Fir was delivered by a wagon pulled by two Clydesdale horses, named Winston and Ben.
Ms Trump walked around the wagon to inspect the tree, which will adorn the Blue Room.
"Merry Christmas," said Ms Trump as she smiled and waved for the cameras during the brief event.
The first lady's office will also soon officially unveil the White House Christmas decorations.
Earlier this year Ms Trump's former friend and advisor Stephanie Winston Wolkoff released an audio recording in which Melania complained about the job of decorating the White House for the holidays.
Ms Wolkoff has written a book about their friendship called Melania and Me.
The secretly recorded conversation reportedly took place not long after Melania visited an immigration detention facility in Texas in June 2018.
"They say I'm complicit. I'm the same like him, I support him. I don't say enough I don't do enough where I am," she complained on the tape.
"I'm working ... my a** off on the Christmas stuff, that you know, who gives a f*** about the Christmas stuff and decorations? But I need to do it, right?"
"Okay, and then I do it and I say that I'm working on Christmas and planning for the Christmas and they said, 'Oh, what about the children that they were separated?'
"Give me a f****** break. Were they were saying anything when Obama did that?
"I can not go, I was trying get the kid reunited with the mom. I didn't have a chance, needs to go through the process and through the law."
Ms Trump's s chief of staff Stephanie Grisham blasted Ms Wolkoff for releasing the tape and claimed she had broken her NDA in publishing the book.
Melania Trump 'not cooperating' with lady Jill Biden on transition
What will Melania Trump do next?
Melania Trump condemned White House staffers for not wearing masks
Melania lashes out at ex-best friend and media in campaign speech
Armin Laschet was elected as the new leader of Angela Merkel's Christian Democrat party (CDU) on Saturday, signalling the start of an election campaign that will see the end of her 15 years in power. The 59-year-old Mr Laschet will hope to succeed Mrs Merkel as chancellor when she stand down following general elections in September. Mr Laschet defeated Friedrich Merz, a long-standing rival of Mrs Merkel, and Norbert Röttgen, a former environment minister, to win the leadership with the votes of 521 of the 1,0001 party delegates. It was a vote to stay on the course Mrs Merkel has set for the party. Mr Laschet pitched himself as the continuity candidate against the pro-business Mr Merz, who wanted to take the CDU back to what he saw as its conservative roots. "We'll only win if we stay strong in the middle of society," he said in his final pitch to delegates."We have to win, not because we want to win, but because we have to for our country, for our future." As regional leader of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany's most populous state, he had the most government experience of the candidates, but saw his standing damaged by his handling of the coronavirus pandemic. Although he failed to inspire during the campaign, he was the preferred candidate of the party establishment, and Mrs Merkel made her own backing clear in a speech on Friday when she said she wanted to see "a team" win -- Mr Laschest was the only candidate standing in a team, with Jens Spahn the popular health minister as his running mate. But Mr Laschet is not guaranteed a clear run at the chancellorship in September. German party leaders are not automatically candidates for chancellor and the CDU is not set to name its candidate until Easter. Waiting in the wings are Markus Söder, the leader of the CDU's Bavarian sister party, and Mr Spahn, Mr Laschet's running mate. Both are considerably more popular with voters than Mr Laschet and both have both been on manouvres to secure the chancellor candidacy. But the CDU will be relieved the party leadership is finally settled. A new leader was supposed to have been elected last April, but the contest was twice delayed by the pandemic. In the end the party conference had to be held online, with delegates watching from their homes as the three candidates spoke in an empty television studio.
US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo claimed on Friday that staff at a Chinese virology laboratory became sick with a Covid-like illness in autumn 2019, months before the coronavirus spread widely from Wuhan. The day after a World Health Organization team landed in the central Chinese city on Thursday to probe the origins of the pandemic, Mr Pompeo suggested that a possible "laboratory accident" at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV) merited investigation. In the final days of the administration of Donald Trump, who has been widely criticised for overseeing a disastrous pandemic response in which 393,000 Americans have died, Mr Pompeo has repeatedly sought to blame Beijing for the pandemic that has now killed over two million people worldwide. In a statement claiming to reveal previously "undisclosed information", the State Department said it "has reason to believe that several researchers inside the WIV became sick in autumn 2019, before the first identified case of the outbreak, with symptoms consistent with both COVID-19 and common seasonal illnesses." While acknowledging it had no definitive proof that the outbreak began in a lab, the State Department accused the Chinese Communist Party of "systematically" preventing an investigation into the pandemic's origin. "The CCP has prevented independent journalists, investigators, and global health authorities from interviewing researchers at the WIV, including those who were ill in the fall of 2019," it said. The arrival of the WHO investigative team was delayed by months of sensitive diplomatic negotiations. China has constructed an image as a global leader in the fight against the pandemic and there are concerns the secretive ruling party may try to restrict information that counters this narrative. Visa issues blocked the arrival of the team earlier this month, which a spokesperson for China's foreign ministry blamed on a "misunderstanding". WHO head Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus offered a rare public rebuke expressing his frustration at the delay. Chinese officials barred two members of the team from boarding their flight to Wuhan after testing positive for antibodies during a layover in Singapore. The 13 members of the team who arrived are now under a two-week quarantine in Wuhan during which time they will interview Chinese experts by video link. After undergoing more testing, they plan to spend another two weeks interviewing researchers, hospital staff and workers at the Wuhan market to where the first infections were traced.


Ask Coutts - How do I delete an old address?
If you are a private client you can delete an address we hold for you. To remove an address it must not be your residential address nor should it be used for any mailing.
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This year was again the occasion to fly from Jaca with some colleague from different clubs in SW of france.
Beginning of the week north wind was quite strong, leading to wave conditions on the south side of the Pyrénées. Wind was perfectly perpendicular to the runaway, reaching 25kts at the time of landing !
After quite an energetic aerotowing, everything was much calmer in altitude... even with 120 to 150kph wind to deal with !
Thanks to my brand new oxygen system, I did'nt have to stop climbing so that I could reach more than 6000m ! First time for me (some colleagues even reached higher altitudes).
Afterwards, the weather turns to more classical thermal condition, very enjoyable.
I have discovered new areas again this year : Posets, Aygestortes, and also the very nice Vignemale. Some films where taken, to be processed !!
All this with a nice team !


There are many purposes our fabrication projects serve; from practical to decorative to a mix of both. We have the years of experience you need to help determine what would be best for your particular setting. Give us a call today.
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Water, the God of thirsty living, We live with burning of bread, We run with the flow of aqua, Let's pray and eat, Before we start to taste, Must thank him for this moment, Food the soul's garment.
OMG ! I'm hungry now.


Tomas Bata University in Zlín, TBU, is a dynamically growing higher education institution with six faculties offering programmes in humanities, natural sciences, technology and art. It is one of the most prominent centres of research in the Czech Republic and worldwide.
TBU follows a longstanding tradition of the Faculty of Technology which was founded in Zlín in 1969 and since then has educated hundreds of highly-qualified professionals. The University is named after the originator of the shoe industry in Zlín and a world-famous entrepreneur Tomáš Bata (1876 – 1932).
Faculty of Logistics and Crisis Management.
Some of the university's most successful research is focused on the rheology of polymers, enzymatic hydrolysis of leather-processing waste, know-how in the manufacture of prophylactic footwear, historical footwear. These were undertaken by the Faculty of Technology and the Polymer Centre.
Top scientists in their field are members of the TBU teaching staff. Some of them are Prof. Milan Zelený, a world-famous economist, Prof. Karel Kolomazník, a laureate of the Rolex Award for Enterprise called "a mini Nobel Prize". Prof. Martin Zatloukal, an Exxon Mobil Chemical European Science and Engineering Award laureate and many others.
UWB is ranked 95th by QS EECA University Rankings 2016 among universities in Emerging Europe and Central Asia.
BAs in Information and Control Technologies and English for Business Administration, as well as MAs in Business Administration, Finance, IT, Management and Marketing, Integrated Systems in Buildings and Security Technologies, Systems and Management are available in English. All graduates are assessed according to the European Credit Transfer System - i.e. TBU degrees are internationally recognised.
A high quality university is characterized by advanced research and development. Some areas of research such as polymer engineering, chemistry or automation and technology process control, have earned TBU excellent reputation abroad.
Located in the central Europe, in southeastern Moravia, the seat of the Zlín Region, on the Dřevnice River, it is a town with a unique atmosphere. Zlín has been developed as a garden town, therefore, schools, clubs, cafés and the country are situated within walking distance.


In the summer of 2014 in Lloydminster, Sask., Rhonda Werstroh brought her two daughters together for a conversation.
She told them she'd been going to Edmonton for their stepfather's treatments.
In reality, she was going for her own.
She had been diagnosed with breast cancer.
"It was really shocking," admitted Bailee Werstroh, now a second-year forward for the Olds College Broncos women's hockey team. "It was a really new thing for me. I've never dealt with a family member getting diagnosed with cancer."
So began a difficult period for the Werstroh family, as Rhonda lived in the Cross Cancer Clinic in Edmonton while receiving treatment, with their grandmother moving to Lloydminster to take care of Bailee and her sister.
"It was just really hard not having her there and not being able to be there for her, and talk to her about it," she said.
Now, Rhonda is cancer-free, and Bailee will be in the lineup for Pink in the Rink when the Broncos face the Red Deer College Queens on Thursday at 7 p.m., a joint venture between the Broncos and Queens.
Being involved with Pink in the Rink this year hits home for Werstroh.
"It really makes me realize who I'm here for, and it's solely my mom," she said. "I'd do everything for her, and that's who I play for."
All proceeds from Thursday's contest, as well as Saturday's matchup at 7 p.m. at the Gary W. Harris Canada Games Centre, will go to the Alberta Cancer Foundation in support of the Central Alberta Cancer Centre.
Werstroh is grateful for the contributions made by cancer centre employees, particularly those who helped her mother.
"You always need that extra support, that reminder to just keep going, because you can fight it, and you can beat it," she said. "It's really nice knowing that, when I couldn't be there, those workers were there making sure everyone was OK and happy."
Having lost her father at the age of 12, Werstroh gained perspective with the prospect of losing her mother.
"It really made me appreciate who I have and what I have," she said. "Time isn't forever, and one day, anything can easily be taken."
Werstroh admires the courage her mother showed throughout her treatment.
"She's a hero," she said. "The fact that she stayed strong the whole time, not giving up and really fighting, it makes me realize what a strong woman she is."
Werstroh credits her mother with single-handedly teaching her every lesson she's learned, and their bond only grew stronger as Rhonda fought.
"We're best friends now," she said. "We were both going through something really hard and really stressful, but not being able to put myself in her shoes really made me put her before me, and put her needs before mine."
Werstroh encourages anyone affected directly or indirectly affected by cancer to never give up.
"Always believe that whoever's going through what they're going through can make it," she said. "You just have to give them support and love, and let them know they're here for a reason, and just to keep fighting."
The Alberta Cancer Foundation is the official fundraising partner for all 17 Alberta Health Services cancer centres in Alberta, including the Central Alberta Cancer Centre in Red Deer.
Enhancing the lives of patients and their families is at the core of everything they do.
With the help of donors like you, the Alberta Cancer Foundation actively seeks out supports the most promising research and care initiatives that will have a direct impact on patients, and provide real-life returns.
Thanks to your commitment, the Alberta Cancer Foundation is able to invest in research and programs that detect cancer earlier, reduce risk, treat cancer more effectively and improve the quality of life for patients and families across the province.
For every Albertan who hears the words, "you have cancer", the Alberta Cancer Foundation provides three in return – "We will help."


text:
Q: Handle static file (css, js, img) in React I have a React app and I'm using a template for this app. This is my react app's folder structure:
|app
|-client
|---assets
|---component
|-node_modules
|-server
|---index.html
|---index.js

In my server/index.html there are many static files such as css, js and img.
<!DOCTYPE html>

    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <meta name="author" content="">
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/img/logo-fav.png">
    <title>Loyalty Multipolar</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/assets/lib/perfect-scrollbar/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/assets/lib/material-design-icons/css/material-design-iconic-font.min.css"/>
    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto" rel="stylesheet">

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/style.css" type="text/css"/>

How to handle those files in a React app? Meanwhile in a Node JS app we use this to handle static files:
app.use('/assets',express.static(__dirname + '/assets'));

the static file isn't loaded and not found if i type eg:
localhost:3000/assets/js/jquery, the file is not available
and this is my server/index.js file:
import express from 'express';
import path from 'path';

import webpack from 'webpack';
import webpackMiddleware from 'webpack-dev-middleware';
import webpackHotMiddleware from 'webpack-hot-middleware';
import webpackConfig from '../webpack.config.dev';

let app = express();
const compiler = webpack(webpackConfig);

app.use(webpackMiddleware(compiler, {
  hot: true,
  publicPath: webpackConfig.output.publicPath,
  noInfo: true,
}));
app.use(webpackHotMiddleware(compiler));

app.use('/assets',express.static(__dirname + '/assets'));

app.get('/*', (req, res) => {
  res.sendFile(path.join(__dirname,'../index.html'));
})

app.listen(3000, () => console.log('Running port 3000'));

Thank you.

A: You can put static files as below:
<!DOCTYPE html>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>React Container Components Example</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/dist/css/bootstrap.theme.min.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/styles.css">

Source: https://github.com/johibkhan2/react-sample-app/blob/master/index.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
<?php

namespace Hyn\Tenancy\Tests\Extend;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class NonExtend extends Model
{
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Dil Dosti Dance
Dil Dosti Dance 10th April 2014 Written Episode Update
By Sona	 On Apr 10, 2014
Dil Dosti Dance 10th April 2014 Written Episode, Dil Dosti Dance 10th April 2014 Written Update
Nil stops Vicky in the corridor and gives him the notes Simmi gave him. He asks him why he was not coming to the classes for two days. Vicky asks 'why was he missing him?' Nil told him that he didn't like anything without him. Vicky says 'you'll remember this missing when you will get failed in the exam' and leaves. Nil stops disappointed, saying 'What a friend he is… '
Swayam and Sharon were in the café. Swayam asks 'why did she think she has some problem?' Sharon was about to tell him, then stops. She says she can see in her eyes. Swayam says he never noticed this, she told me once he has friendship with a guy in Indore. But if you say I will try to find out. He asks her why they are wasting their day discussing about his topic. Can't we speak about something
else? Sharon reminds him that Rey had called them for meeting. Swayam says he also forgot about it. They leave.
They were in a class-room. Rey says that this is the time that they spend all their energy for affiliation and shows the world that it is worth it. A boy asks where are they going to rehearse. Someone suggest they Amar were welcoming them in the garage. Swayam says that whatever they do, they will not let it affect their studies, they won't bunk any classes but do the rehearsals at night. Rey says that they will get divided in teams, Nil asks 'but who will be the advisor?' Rey announces "Kriya! Does anyone has an issue about it" They say 'No'. Kriya objects saying who he to take decision about her is. Rey says that you have got an international price and she knows a lot about dancing. Kriya says that when she was here before, people had a lot of problems with her. Swayam asks what problem she has. She tells that she must be informed about every decision that involves her. Swayam agrees saying that there is no good in fighting. She agrees. Rey asks was he saying it in French. Swayam suggests they should get back their dancing hall for some time. They agree. Rey calls Sharon who was sitting lost in her own thoughts. She says 'yes! What is it about' He tells her they are going to VP sir for permission. Rey asks Kriya did she want to drink water to get cooled down, or go to VP sir. She says they will first check the costumes.
Sharon and Swayam are in the corridor. Swayam asks why she was so quiet, are you worried about the hacking issue? She says yes yes, that's the reason. He says that the intention is right but the way we opted is wrong. She thinks how she shall tell him that Ruhi's intentions are not good. He asks her to go and they leave.
Kriya and Rey are checking the costumes. He is walking behind him saying sorry. She asks why he was saying sorry. He tells because it was his mistake, but everything is getting alright again. She asks what is getting alright. He tells her 'like yours and mine reunion, you return, you helping me…' Kriya does not pay attention to him. He thinks it's very difficult to prepare for exam, dance practice and making up Kriya's mood.
Sharon and Swayam go to VP sir. He asks what they have decided about farewell. Sharon suggests that there are a lot of plans but they also want to dance in their last farewell. Sharon asks him the permission for the hall as they have a lot of memories with that hall. He says that he will postpone the library work and he and the whole college wants to see their dance for the last time. He tells them he is happy they have left the dance. She says they have not left the dance as it is their identity.
Kriya was sorting clothes saying they should keep the look western. Rey was messing up with clothes. On one suit he remembers the time Kriya had worn it. She was also remembering the same. He asks her but she scolds him saying she doesn't have this good memory. Rey asks why she was behaving so harsh. She scolds again saying they have a lot of work to do. He starts to throw all the clothes on the floor again. Kriya tells him what she was doing; a cloth piece wraps her due to which she falls. He holds her.
PRECAP: Rey tells Sharon that she should not think about Ruhi right now, dance is more important for them right now. Ruhi listens to their talk. The boys were dancing in the hall. He asks what they were doing. They tells him 'Musical!' He was in shock
Update Credit to: Niki
Sona 5251 posts 10 comments
The Buddy Project 10th April 2014 Written Episode Update
Tumhari Pakhi 10th April 2014 Written Episode Update

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home Articles Instruction for Authors Journal Information Policy Submit a Paper
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Gut and Liver 2016; 10(5): 749-756 https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl15584	PMK-S005 Alleviates Age-Related Gastric Acid Secretion, Inflammation, and Oxidative Status in the Rat Stomach
Yoon Jeong Choi1, Nayoung Kim1,2, Ju Yup Lee1, Ryoung Hee Nam1, Ji Hyung Suh1, Sun Min Lee1, Min Hee Ham1, Hyun Jin Jo1, Young Kwang Shim1, Yo Han Park1, Jong-Chan Lee1, Yoon Jin Choi1, Hye Seung Lee3, and Dong Ho Lee1,2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea, 2Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 3Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
Nayoung Kim, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea Tel: +82-31-787-7008, Fax: +82-31-787-4051, E-mail: nayoungkim49@empas.com
© The Korean Society of Gastroenterology, the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, the Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research, Korean Association the Study of Intestinal Diseases, the Korean Association for the Study of the Liver, Korean Pancreatobiliary Association, and Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Cancer. All rights reserved.
Abstract	Full text	Tables & Figures	PDF
Background/Aims
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the synthetic S-allyl-l-cysteine (SAC) PMK-S005 on gastric acid secretion, inflammation, and antioxidant enzymes in aging rats.
The rats were divided into four groups at 31 weeks of age and were continuously fed a diet containing a vehicle control, PMK-S005 (5 or 10 mg/kg), or lansoprazole (5 mg/kg). Gastric acid secretion and connective tissue thickness of the lamina propria were evaluated at 74 weeks and 2 years of age. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and COX-2 levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) or Western blot assays. Levels of antioxidant enzymes, including heme oxyganase 1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1), were also measured.
As the rats aged, gastric acid secretion significantly decreased, and the connective tissue of the lamina propria increased. However, 74-week-old rats in the PMK-S005 group exhibited greater levels of gastric acid secretion than those of the control and lansoprazole groups. The increase of TNF-α, IL-1β, and COX-2 expression in 74-week and 2-year-old control rats were inhibited by PMK-S005. In addition, the decrease in HO-1 and NQO-1 protein expression that occurred with aging was inhibited by PMK-S005 in the 74-week-old rats.
These results suggest that PMK-S005 has therapeutic potential as an antiaging agent to ameliorate age-related gastric acid secretion, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the stomach.
Keywords: s-allyl-L-cysteine, Aging, Gastric acid, Anti-inflammation, Antioxidants
Other SectionsAbstractINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONACKNOWLEDGEMENTSCONFLICTS OF INTERESTFiguresReferences Abstract
Other SectionsAbstractINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONACKNOWLEDGEMENTSCONFLICTS OF INTERESTFiguresReferences INTRODUCTION
The most common gastric disorders in the elderly individuals are gastritis and peptic ulcer disease which are significantly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).1–3 Several experimental and clinical studies have shown that aged gastric mucosa has impaired mucosal defense such as decreased mucus and bicarbonate secretion, decreased prostaglandin generation, reduced nitric oxide synthase activity, and impaired sensory nerve response to luminal acid.4–7 Therefore, aged gastric mucosa has increased susceptibility to injury by a variety of damaging agents such NSAIDs, ethanol, and hypertonic solution.6–8 Especially, NSAID-induced gastric damage and its complications such as acute gastric erosion, ulceration, bleeding, and perforation are encountered very frequently in the old populations.9,10
In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been known to a major risk factor in tissue damage and aging.11 As digestive diseases, including peptic ulcer, are associated with mucosal lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage, the upregulated activity of antioxidant enzymes may play an critical role against oxidative stress in gastrointestinal mucosa.12–14 Our group suggested that the lower part of rat gastric mucosa is replaced by connective tissue with accumulation of oxidative products as the rats get old.15 In addition, impairment of apoptosis, angiogenesis, and sensory neuron activity via the activation of early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1), phosphatase, and tensin homolog (PTEN) might increase the susceptibility of gastric mucosal injury during aging.15
Phytochemicals such as polyphenols are common antioxidants found in food. It has been suggested that phytochemicals possess many beneficial features, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties.16–18S-allyl-l-cysteine (SAC), the most abundant organic garlic compounds has long been used as a common dietary supplement and traditional medicine. PMK-S005 is a synthetic SAC, which is a sulfur-containing water soluble amino acid and SAC has been known to possess powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in several studies.16,17 Aged garlic extract has been reported to increase lifespan and learning in mice,19 but the antiaging effect of SAC in the gastrointestinal tract has not been investigated.
Recently, we reported that the gastroprotective effects of PMK-S005 against ethanol- and NSAIDs-induced acute gastric damage rat model.20,21 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PMK-S005 on gastric acid secretion and morphological changes with age. In addition, the molecular mechanism underlying its antiaging effect in terms of proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediator as well as antioxidant enzyme was examined.
Other SectionsAbstractINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONACKNOWLEDGEMENTSCONFLICTS OF INTERESTFiguresReferences MATERIALS AND METHODS
Male Fischer 344 rats, H. pylori free and virus free, were purchased from Orient Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea, and were raised at our institute. The 31-week-old rats were divided into four groups: control, PMK5, PMK10, and lansoprazole group (n=10 in each group) and housed in a cage maintained at 23oC, with 12:12-hour light-dark cycles under specific pathogen-free conditions. The control group was fed with ad libitum only Purina rat chow and PMK5, PMK10, and lansoprazole group were fed with rat chow containing 5 mg/kg of PMK-S005, 10 mg/kg of PMK-S005, and 5 mg/kg of lansoprazole per day until sacrifice, respectively. All experimental procedures described here were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (IACUC number: BA1304-127/033-02).
2. Measurement of gastric acid secretion
The level of acid secretion was measured in each basal and stimulated rat. In the control group, basal and stimulated acid secretion level were measured at 6-, 31-, 74-week, and-year-old rats. In PMK5, PMK10, and lansoprazole groups, those were measured at 74-week and 2-year-old rats. The rats were starved but allowed water for 24 hours prior to the experiments. After measurement of body weight, the rats were anesthetized by zoletil and rompun mixture. The abdomen was gently opened and the esophagogastric junction and pyloric ring were ligated. An overhead lamp was used to maintain core body temperature at 36oC to 38oC. Then the animals were subcutaneously injected with either phosphate-buffered solution for basal acid secretion or histamine (40 mg/kg) with carbachol (10 μg/kg) for stimulated acid secretion. After incubation for 2 hours, stomach was extracted, and gastric juice was collected using 50 mL conical tube. The acid output (mmol H+) was determined by titration with 0.1 N NaOH to pH 7.0. The gastric acid outputs were adjusted by body weight in order to eliminate any effect of the difference of body weight. The results were expressed as mmol H+/2h/mg body weight.
3. Mucosal histology
The obtained gastric specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for histology. The specimens were embedded in paraffin and routinely processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The area of the connective tissue was quantified in the lower one-third of the mucosa and the total area of each specimen by using Image-Pro Plus 7.0 (MediaCybernetics Inc., Rockville, MD, USA).15 Six specimens were analyzed in each individual. The connective tissue area was expressed as a % of the total area.
4. Measurement of tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 1β
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the level of the cytokine expression using the appropriate kits from Hycult Biotechnology (Uden, The Netherlands) and R&D systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA) by following the manufacturer's instructions. All assays were performed in triplicate, and data are shown as mean±standard errors (SEM).
5. Western blotting for COX-2, heme oxyganase 1, and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1
Equal amounts of protein from gastric mucosal lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis, and immunoblotting using the appropriate antibodies was performed as we previously described.15 The incubation condition for each antibody is as follows: anti-COX-2 antibody (1:1,000; Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA), anti-heme oxyganase 1 (HO-1) antibody (1:1,000; Abcam Inc., Cambridge, UK), and anti-NAD(P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1) antibody (1:1,000; Abcam, Inc.).
All statistical calculations were performed using SPSS software version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The results were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test. All values are reported as means±SEM. Statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05.
Other SectionsAbstractINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONACKNOWLEDGEMENTSCONFLICTS OF INTERESTFiguresReferences RESULTS
1. Effect of PMK-S005 on age-related change of gastric acid secretion
Since the mean body weight of F344 rats are significantly increased according to age, we corrected the result of acid concentration by body weight. Weight-adjusted acid output levels in both basal and stimulated groups were decreased with age (Fig. 1A). Under basal condition, gastric acid concentration of 74-week and 2-year-old rats was significantly reduced as compared with 6-week-old rats (74 weeks, p=0.029; 2 years, p=0.012). Similarly under stimulated condition, gastric acid concentration of 74-week and 2-year-old rats was significantly lower than that of 6-week-old rats (74 weeks, p=0.01; 2 years, p=0.01) (Fig. 1A). In 74-week and 2-year-old rats, no significant differences were found among all experimental groups regarding the basal gastric acid concentration. However, in 74-week-old rats, stimulated gastric acid secretion in PMK5 group was significantly higher than that of control group (p=0.029) whereas this effect did not persist in 2-year-old rats. The stimulated gastric acid secretion in lansoprazole group was significantly lower compared with control group (74 weeks, p=0.009; 2 years, p=0.013), which could be explained by pharmacological action (Fig. 1A). The volume of stimulated gastric acid secretion was decreased with age (Fig. 1B). In 74-week-old rats, the volume of stimulated gastric acid secretion of PMK5 group was little bit higher than control group but there was no statistical significance. The pH of stimulated gastric acid secretion was increased with age (Fig. 1C). In 74-week and 2-year-old rats, pH of gastric acid in PMK5 group was lower compared to control group but there was no statistical significance. Although there was no dose dependent effect of PMK-S005, these results indicate that continuous administration of 5 mg/kg of PMK-S005 may influence to age-related change of gastric acid secretion.
2. Effect of PMK-S005 on age-related change of connective tissue area
Previously, we found that the thickness of connective tissue of lamina propria in the gastric mucosa was increased with age.15 Therefore, we examined whether the continuous administration of PMK-S005 could affect this age-related morphological change. As shown in Fig. 2, age-related thickening of connective tissue was also confirmed in this experiment. In 74-week and 2-year-old rats, the connective tissue thickness of lamina propria in both PMK5 and PMK10 groups were lower compared to control group but this discrepancy was statistically significant only in PMK5 group of 2-year-old rats. In the lansoprazole group of 74-week and 2-year-old rats, the connective tissue of lamina propria was similar to that of control group.
3. Effect of PMK-S005 on age-related change of proinflammatory cytokines and COX-2 expression
Since old age itself is already in a state of exaggerated inflammatory condition22 we expected that the proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and COX-2 in the old stomach might be increased. As shown in Fig. 3A and 3B, the production levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the gastric mucosa were significantly increased with aging. In 74-week and 2-year-old rats, TNF-α and IL-1β levels in PMK5 and PMK10 groups were lower compared to those of control group. Especially, age-related increase of TNF-α and IL-1β levels were significantly attenuated in PMK10 group compared to control group (p=0.005 and p=0.001 in 74-week-old rat, respectively; p=0.011 and p=0.007 in 2-year-old rat, respectively) (Fig. 3A and B). In addition, the inhibitory effects of TNF-α and IL-1β levels were maximized in PMK10 group which was more effective than PMK5 and lansoprazole groups as well. The protein expression of COX-2 was also increased with age and this increase was significantly suppressed in rats fed with PMK-S005 until 74-week and 2-year-old (74 weeks, p=0.047; 2 years, p=0.048) (Fig. 3C and D). In the lansoprazole group, the TNF-α and IL-1β levels were lower than those of control group of 74-week and 2-year-old rats (Fig. 3A and B).
4. Effect of PMK-S005 on age-related change of antioxidant enzyme expressions
One hallmark of the aging process is oxidative stress due to increased prooxidant production and decreased antioxidative capacity. To determine whether the continuous administration of PMK-S005 could affect in oxidative stress status in gastric mucosa, we examined the protein level of antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1 and NQO-1 by Western blot. As shown in Fig. 4, the expression of HO-1 and NQO-1 protein showed a pattern of decrease with age. HO-1 protein was significantly decreased in 2-year-old rats compared to 6-week-old rats (p=0.008). In 74-week old rats, the expression of HO-1 protein in PMK5 and PMK10 groups were higher than that of control group, and PMK5 group showed significant difference (p=0.016) (Fig. 4A and C). NQO-1 protein was also significantly decreased in 2-year-old rats compared to 6-week-old rats (p=0.016) (Fig. 4B and D). In 74-week old rats, the expression of NQO-1 protein in PMK5 and PMK10 groups were higher than that of control group, and PMK5 group showed significant difference (p=0.049) (Fig. 4B and D). However, the expression level of HO-1 and NQO-1 was similar in all experimental groups in 2-year-old rat.
Other SectionsAbstractINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONACKNOWLEDGEMENTSCONFLICTS OF INTERESTFiguresReferences DISCUSSION
Previous studies have demonstrated that aging is associated with several important abnormalities, including marked changes in the structural and functional properties of the gastrointestinal tract.23,24 For example, aging has been shown to cause glandular atrophy which means the replacement of normal glands with connective tissue and decrease the gastric acid secretion.25–28
We previously reported that Cochinchina momordica seed extract (SK-MS10) attenuated connective tissue change with age and kept the capacity of acid secretion to that of young age, suggesting that SK-MS10 might be an antiaging agent in the stomach as well as mucoprotective agent.29 In the present study, we found that continuous administration with PMK-S005 reverse the decrease of age-related gastric acid concentration in 74-week-old rats and PMK5 group was more potent than PMK10 group. However, these effects did not more influential in the 2-year-old rats which are comparable to our previous SK-MS10 data.29 In addition, age-related increment of connective tissue in lamina propria seems to be attenuated in PMK5 group in 74-week and 2-year-old rats but the effect was not that apparent (Fig. 2). We speculate that several factors are changed with increasing age which involved in gastrointestinal function and morphological changes, therefore continuous administration with PMK-S005 may have limitation to overcome the age-related degeneration of the gastric function.
In contrast to PMK-S005, continuous administration of lansoprazole (5 mg/kg) inhibited the acid output of stimulated condition (Fig. 1) but there was no significant change in connective tissue thickening (Fig. 2). These results suggest that gastric acid suppression is not a decisive factor against age-related changes. Although, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are frequently prescribed for treatment of peptic ulcer, long term use of PPI causes small intestinal bacterial overgrowth which could have subsequent effects on the human health.30,31 We found that long-term use of lansoprazole (5 mg/kg) causes changes in gut microbiota in the terminal ileum and weight loss (unpublished data).
Alteration of gastric defense mechanism with age may increase the risk of peptic ulcer disease, especially in people who take aspirin and other NSAIDs.8,32–34 NSAIDs are widely used in clinical medicine to alleviate the pain and swelling of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disorder. However, despite their benefit, the use of NSAIDs may cause gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation.9,10 Therefore, preventing or delaying the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases is an essential strategy to promote healthy aging, especially more regarding NSAIDs-induced gastropathy.
Recent studies demonstrated that chronic inflammation as a major risk factor underlying aging and age-related diseases.22,35 Age-related upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 as well as NF-κB activation had been known as important factors involved in the aging-associated inflammatory process.36–38 In the current study, we found that the expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and COX-2 in the gastric mucosa were increased with age and these age-related inductions were inhibited by 5 and 10 mg/kg of PMK-S005 in 74-week and 2-year-old rats. This finding suggests that old stomach was already susceptible condition to inflammation, which conditions were ameliorated by continuous administration of PMK-S005.
Several reports indicated that the age-related structural and functional alterations are mostly a consequence of increased oxidant generation and reduced antioxidant capacity.39 Besides, aging leads to increased lipid peroxidation and ROS generation in gastric mucosa, too.15 An imbalance between the formation and elimination of ROS and the production of oxidative stress plays a vital role in aging and age-associated diseases. Therefore, recent studies have focused on the use of natural antioxidants to protect the gastrointestinal mucosa of patients who take NSAIDs. Vegetables and fruits are important dietary sources of natural antioxidants and have been shown to act as effective ROS scavengers, metal iron chelators and trapping agents for reactive carbonyl species, and they may play an important role in gastrointestinal protection.40 Therefore, naturally occurring antioxidants may be useful for the prevention of and/ or therapeutic intervention against gastrointestinal disorders caused by oxidative damage. One of the well-known sources of phytochemicals that have been studied is garlic and its derivative. SAC, the most abundant sulfur-containing amino acid derived from garlic, has been reported to have multiple biological properties such as antioxidant,16 anti-inflammatory,17 anticancer,18 and antihepatotoxic activities.41
In the present study, we showed that antioxidant enzymes including HO-1 and NQO-1 are decreased with age. However, continuous administration with 5 mg/kg of PMK-S005 in 74-week-old rats sustained the level of HO-1 and NQO-1 to that of 6-week-old rats (Fig. 4). These results suggest that PMK-S005 could reverse the impairment of the antioxidant enzymes in the gastric mucosa induced with aging. Recently, we found that 2-week administration of PMK-S005 (5 and 10 mg/kg) induced antioxidant enzyme including HO-1, NQO-1, GCLC and GCLM which may responsible for gastroprotective effects of PMK-S005.21 Previous research suggested that up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes may be the most critical cytoprotection mechanism against oxidative stress. Kirkby and Adin42 suggested that HO-1 breaks down heme to biliverdin and carbon monoxide, which play an important role to protect gastrointestinal cell against oxidative damage. In addition, Guo et al.43 reported that the increased expression of HO-1 may inhibit inflammation and tissue damage caused by ROS in the GI tract. Consequently, we speculated that antiaging effect of PMK-S005 may be due to partly to its beneficial action on defensive mechanism such as antioxidants and partly to its inhibitory effect on inflammatory factors that increase with age. However, further studies are needed to elucidate precise mechanism underlying our results. Although the effects of PMK-S005 were not dose dependent manner and somehow less effective in PMK10 group compared to the PMK5 group, these results suggest that less than 10 mg/ kg of PMK-S005 could exert significantly its antiaging effect. In conclusion, continuous administration of PMK-S005 sustained the capacity of gastric acid secretion to that of young age, attenuated connective tissue change with age, inhibited the increment of inflammatory mediators with age, and reversed the age-related impairment of antioxidant enzyme. These findings suggest that PMK-S005 ameliorated the age-related inflammation and antioxidant enzyme which may offer a potential therapeutic approach for age-related gastric disorders. Further study might be promising to perform the underlying molecular mechanisms of PMK-S005 in the aspect of antiaging agent in the stomach.
Other SectionsAbstractINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONACKNOWLEDGEMENTSCONFLICTS OF INTERESTFiguresReferences ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by grant number 08-2014-069 from the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Research and by Chungcheong leading industry promotion project of the Ko-rean Ministry of Knowledge Economy.
Other SectionsAbstractINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONACKNOWLEDGEMENTSCONFLICTS OF INTERESTFiguresReferences CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
Other SectionsAbstractINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONACKNOWLEDGEMENTSCONFLICTS OF INTERESTFiguresReferences Figures
Fig. 1. The effect of PMK-S005 on gastric acid secretion in aging rats. (A) Basal and stimulated acid concentration corrected by body weight. (B) The volume of gastric acid secretion. (C) The pH of gastric acid. The results are expressed as the means±SEM.
PMK5, 5 mg/kg of PMK-S005; PMK10, 10 mg/kg of PMK-S005; Lanso, 5 mg/kg of Lansoprazole. *p<0.05 compared with the 6-week-old controls; †p<0.05 compared with the 31-week-old controls; ‡p<0.05 compared with the 74-week-old controls; §p<0.05 compared with the 2-year-old controls.
Fig. 2. Connective tissue area in the laminar propria. (A) Histological changes in the gastric mucosa demonstrated by hematoxylin and eosin staining (magnification, ×200). The arrows indicate the thickness of the connective tissue. (B) The connective tissue area was measured using a computerized video analysis system (Image-Pro Plus 7.0; Media Cybernetic). The results are expressed as the means±SEM of seven animals per group.
PMK5, 5 mg/kg of PMK-S005; PMK10, 10 mg/kg of PMK-S005; Lanso, 5 mg/kg of Lansoprazole; LP, lamina propria. *p<0.05 compared with the 6-week-old controls; †p<0.05 compared with the 31-week-old controls; ‡p<0.05 compared with the 74-week-old controls; §p<0.05 compared with the 2-year controls.
Fig. 3. Effect of PMK-S005 on the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and COX-2 expression with aging. The mucosal levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (A) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) (B) were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. COX-2 protein expression in the gastric mucosa was evaluated by Western blot analysis (C). A representative Western blot assay is shown (D). The results are expressed as the means±SEM of five animals per group.
Fig. 4. PMK-S005 relieves the age-related decrease in antioxidant enzymes. Western blot analysis of heme oxyganase 1 (HO-1) (A) and NAD(P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1) (B) levels in the rat gastric mucosa. A representative Western blot is shown (C, D). The results are expressed as the means±SEM of five animals per group.
PMK5, 5 mg/kg of PMK-S005; PMK10, 10 mg/kg of PMK-S005; Lanso, 5 mg/kg of Lansoprazole. *p<0.05 compared with the 6-week-old controls; †p<0.05 compared with the 74-week-old controls.
Other SectionsAbstractINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONACKNOWLEDGEMENTSCONFLICTS OF INTERESTFiguresReferences References
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Your company just raised $1 million from a venture capital firm at a $10 million post-money valuation. Awesome. Your 10% percent of the company is now worth a million dollars. Or is it? If you talk to entrepreneurs who have sold a company, you'll find that the math isn't quite that simple.
This may not be news to some, but it's important to understand how this plays out. Because even when a company has a big exit, owners with a sizable percentage of shares may not get that same percentage of the cash. Sometimes they get nothing at all. Hence, the difference between "economic ownership" and "accounting ownership".
Accounting ownership is most easily understood as your percentage of the fully-diluted equity structure of a company. If you own 25 of 100 shares of a company, your accounting ownership would be 25%. However, your economic ownership could be 0%.
How? The layers of the equity cake can be full of surprising features.
Most venture and private equity backed startups have both preferred stock and common stock, as well as options and warrants. Many, if not most, companies have multiple classes of preferred stock.
Classes of stock can be arranged from most senior—which receive liquidity in an exit first—to less senior— which receive liquidity only after more senior classes of stock have been paid.
Preferred stock and any warrants on preferred stock typically have a liquidation preference. This is usually expressed as a multiple of the original share price that must be paid before the next most senior class of stock gets anything. This creates a layer cake of returns as shown in graph below.
This graph is a hypothetical company. As you can see in the graph, only the Series C shareholders receive any value from $0 to ~$60K. The common stock doesn't receive any value until ~136K. Common stock is typically what most founders and employees (i.e., all non-investors) receive.
So even if you own 25% of the company in common stock, you could end up receiving $0 if the company is sold for less than $136K. Options are even worse off because it costs the optionee money to convert the option into common stock.
If an option has a strike price of 12 cents, this means it costs the optionee 12 cents for every share she wants to convert to common. Because of this, it makes no sense for the optionee to exercise her options until common is worth 12 cents per share. In the graph below, we have broken out just the 12 cent options from the layered cake above.
As you can see from this graph, the 12 cent options are worth nothing until the company is worth ~$251K or more.
Only some entrepreneurs understand the mechanics of their cap table in depth. And most startup employees have little to no information. The typical venture capitalist or private equity investor, on the other hand, is working on multiple deals every day. They have forgotten more about Excel models than most entrepreneurs will learn in a lifetime. They understand the nuances of cap tables and how they can move a deal to their advantage.
This is not to say that investors are out to take advantage of the entrepreneurs. Most investors are not only ethical but concerned about the entrepreneurs they work with. They understand that they need entrepreneurs to be happy and successful so that they will return to the investor later for more money and recommend their friends.
However, that doesn't mean that investors won't make smart, self-interested decisions that may not hurt an entrepreneur, but that may tilt the scales in the investor's favor.
Many entrepreneurs are typically at a disadvantage here. This is where Capshare comes in. We give you the tools to slice and dice your cap table without spending hours in Excel. Both investors and entrepreneurs can benefit by understanding how a proposed term sheet can affect the economic value of their ownership, and not just the accounting value.


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In the of divorces was 17, In the mids, the annual of divorces was between 23, and 26, and in SWM Seeks Single Pinay were 45, divorces. The tradition of total female submission persisted in Korean villages until relatively recent times. One Korean scholar who came from the conservative Chungcheong region recalled that when a high school friend died of sickness during the s, his young bride committed suicide.
South Korea has brought its gender gap back into balance, but have women changes to our Privacy and Cookies Policy and we want you to know what to reverse the trend in rising sex ratios at birth", in a report by the World Bank. "We need to pay more attention to the real situations that women face. You want to tell me women are pigeon-holed in their position in society in Japan. They are. Men are too. Most of the Japanese population gets a. Deeply conservative society is opening up on sex, and women are challenging centuries of strict gender roles in relationships.
Her Single Iceland malelooking for friendsmaybe more was commemorated in her own and the surrounding communities as an outstanding example of devotion to duty. Traditionally, men and women were strictly segregated, both inside and outside the house.
South Korea has brought its gender gap back into balance, but have women changes to our Privacy and Cookies Policy and we want you to know what to reverse the trend in rising sex ratios at birth", in a report by the World Bank. "We need to pay more attention to the real situations that women face. Deeply conservative society is opening up on sex, and women are challenging centuries of strict gender roles in relationships. Cho Joo-bin, who allegedly ran an online sexual blackmail ring, walks out of a police station as he is transferred to a prosecutor's office in Seoul.
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Ernest André (1803-1864), Frans bankier en politicus.
 Ernest André (1838-1914), een Frans entomoloog.
 Ernest Claes (Andreas Ernestus Josephus Claes; 1885-1968), een Belgisch auteur.
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What else would you do with a sheet full of stickers?!
I love that my kids are so goofy.
I love your blog background!! It looks fabulous!
sounds like a perfectly logical use of stickers? i love it!
That is much better "wearable art" then oh craft paint, spray paint, etc.!!!
that is exactly what i would do!
I love this. This is what it is all about!
That is exactly what we do!! I love the bunting on your banner. I recognised Tink and Tank straight away. It is just so lovley!


•	Dedicated, well qualified, experienced, convent educated faculties.
•	Nursery Trained ladies staff for Pre-primary classes.
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A complex low pressure system and vigorous cold front produced moderate falls across southeastern Australia. Heavy rainfall associated with a strong and gusty southerly airflow resulted in flooding in southeastern Tasmania. The post Weekly rainfall wrap + 14 day rain outlook, 16 May 2018 appeared first on Sheep Central.


Description First edition. , 136 pp., 325:233 mm., usual age staining, wide margins. A good copy bound in the original cloth boards.
Description Novellae on the Sefer ha-Mitzvot and Minhat Hinokh by R. Meir Dan Plotzki of Ostrova (1867–1928). He studied under R. Israel Joshua of Kutno, R. Hayyim Eleazar Wax of Piotrkow, and R. Abraham of Sochaczew. In 1891, he was elected rabbi of Warta. The publication of the first part of his Hemdat Yisrael partly on Maimonides' Sefer ha-Mitzvot in 1903 made him famous throughout Poland, and in 1908 he was appointed rabbi of the large town of Ostrow. In 1926 he resigned from the rabbinate and was appointed rosh yeshivah of the Metivta of Gur in Warsaw. Plotzki visited Erez Israel and instituted many improvements in the administration of the Polish kolel. One of the leaders of Agudat Israel, he spent a year as its emissary in Belgium, England, and the United States. He was chairman of the executive committee of the Agudat ha-Rabbanim in Poland. he also wrote Keli Hemdah, a commentary on the Pentateuch, in six parts (1906–38); and Nizozei Or, novellae on the Or ha-Hayyim by R. Hayyim ben Attar. Sha'alu Shelom Yerushalayim (Bilgoraj 1910), expose of the purported Jerusalem Talmud, here on Hullin and Bekhorot, published by Solomon Judah Friedlaender. Sha'alu Shelom Yerushalayim is an important refutation of Friedlaender's claims, initially accepted by many leading authorities, of having found a manuscript of the Jerusalem Talmud on Seder Kodashim. Many of his other works have remained in manuscript.
חלק ב: חוברת א: כולל חלק א מקונטרס "דרך חיים" ... ביאור ד[ברי] הש"ס וראשונים בענינים הנוגעים לחאו"ח [לחלק אורח חיים] עד תשלום דיני שבת [בצורת תשובות] ... ולע"ע אבד"ק אוסטרוב פלך לומזה. (מסודר) אצל הענוך פאלמאן, תרפ"ד. , 136 עמ'. חלק ב: לא נדפס יותר.


Harry Verhaar is Head of Public and Government Affairs at Signify and Chair of the Board at the European Alliance to Save Energy (EU-ASE).
Just some weeks ago, we had an exciting launch of a thought leadership report we developed with the Rocky Mountain Institute. The "Energy Efficiency and Electric Vehicles" report covers scenarios and recommendations on how accelerated renovation of buildings can pave the way for the electric vehicles revolution, while keeping the world below 2 degrees Celsius of global warming.
First, we see that although the climate rhetoric may differ at federal level in various countries on this planet, the situation is that almost everywhere the projected CO2 emissions reductions from commitments and initiatives is only roughly half of what is needed to keep global warming below 2C.
From IPCC and IEA analyses we know that energy efficiency has to do between half and two thirds of the job of keeping us below that level. Here the two big areas that require more ambition and action are buildings and transport. And the elegant relationship between the two is that by increasing building renovation rates we can 'free up' the energy that is needed to accelerate the electrification of transport!
The EV-revolution offers tremendous climate benefits (as well as more comfortable driving) though demands that policy makers manage the resulting increase in electricity demand. The accelerated deployment of energy efficient technologies in buildings (where most of our electricity is consumed) is by far the most cost-effective way to accomplish this.
The ambitious deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs) with 90% of car sales being electric by 2040 requires an additional 3,000 TWh of electricity, which is more than the whole of Europe consumes per year today. Increasing building renovation rates from the current 1% to between 3 and 5% per year (with the 5% rate estimated at current practice of 30% efficiency improvement, and the 3% renovation rate requiring larger improvements) will prevent the need to build and invest in new power generation.
Furthermore, another important practical relationship between buildings and EVs is that the EV charging points can be included in the building (residential, commercial or public sector building) as part of the renovation. After all we will charge our cars while we are at work or at home.
A third linkage between buildings and EVs is that most if not all new efficient technologies – like LED lighting – are digital, and thus our buildings can become smart buildings connected to the Internet of Things following these renovations. This will enable smart charging and load management that can further reduce power demand on the grid! All in all renovation makes our buildings fit for the 21st century as was also highlighted in a recent study by the Corporate Leadership Group.
So, what should be done to make this happen? The report has several recommendations of which the most important is that policy makers should develop integrated policy frameworks, particularly on buildings and transport, while combining these with renewable energy policies making the energy we consume clean and sustainable.
An important enabler for the increase in building renovation is that when the moment of building ownership or tenancy change would be used for deep building renovation – either for our homes, commercial or public buildings – this would do the job. And come to think of it, the additional budget required can easily be included in the mortgage or in the real estate portfolio, as these buildings will be cheaper to use and are safer investments for individuals and investors.
Recent insights even show that an energy efficient building does not even require higher investments. It is critical that we get the charging infrastructure right, so that charging can be done where we live or work, and that demand response management balances the load on the electricity grid.
So, we see through these scenarios and recommendations that the task at hand is pretty big. Yet, I believe that when we embrace these goals and work together to accomplish what is needed, we can get this done.
It is not the first time to see massive change in a short period. The transition to LED lighting is possibly the fastest of the past decades. Only a little over 10 years ago two thirds of our sales volume were incandescent light bulbs, while today 70% of our sales is LED, and by 2020 every LED we put on the market will be a connected or connectable LED, thus fully converting to an IoT portfolio.
For the planet our long-term goal should be to move to a net zero carbon world by 2050. This is why as Signify we announced that we joined the WorldGBC's Net Zero Carbon Buildings (NZCB) by 2030 commitment as well as the EV100 program of The Climate Group.
As a company our buildings will become net zero carbon and our company fleet 100% electric by 2030. My thinking is that if we can do this in this timeframe, we should be able to jointly do this across all sectors and geographies by 2050!
The idea that building renovation alone is going to decrease building emissions intensity is a complete fantasy. It is asking each and every person in the EU to spend thousands of euros on renovation when this will not even provide realistic energy savings to the degree needed.
I don't know how these people get paid.
We need to green the gas grid, and we need legislation to bring the cost of P2G down so that low-cost renewables can be stored as gas, combined with biogas and fed into the gas grid. If a renewable electricity price of €25/MWh can be achieved, either via capacity payments for electrolysers, grid fee and tax waivers, or some other reduction in the electricity cost, then we have a hydrogen price roughly equal to the current cost of imported natural gas in the EU. This is blended with biogas. In fact, the market can absorb almost double this price (imports were 4.5c/KWh in 2014 and are likely to climb again).


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You see the beautiful face of a child in need. We see all of that and much more. We see future mothers, fathers, doctors, teachers, lawmakers, leaders – the list goes on! One thing is for sure, the future is bright and the potential is limitless. We appreciate the willing hands, open hearts and generous support of our sponsors and all involved in our efforts to change lives for the better.
The Pathway International has successfully completed The Lialoha Pathway Elementary School that serves 14 villages near Kampong Chhnang Province. Since it's opening in 2016, the school has welcomed over 250 children between Kindergarten and 3rd grade. It is the first and only school in the area.
The Pathway International has a long-term plan to support these children through their progression. Our next step is to build a retreat center for volunteers, teachers, doctors and visitors which will be completed by the Fall of 2019. We will then develop a middle school and high school for our current kindergarteners, allowing them to continue their education.
Our mission is not a one-time event, it is a lifetime commitment. We will support these children continuously so that they develop their own sense of hope and strength, and can be instilled with the tools to become leaders in their communities. With great effort, In Song Kim and his wife got official approval from the Cambodian government deeming Lialoha Pathway Elementary School a certified educational institution set up by foreigners in Cambodia. Join this journey with us and become a sponsor for a child today. Together we can make a difference!
Our children are 20% of our population but 100% of our future. It is our goal at The Pathway International to help our students to do more than just survive their circumstances, we want to give them the tools they need to thrive into the future and beyond - working steadily to improve the communities and the country in which they live. Join our mission of hope and progress for the future generations of Cambodia.
248 Mokauea St.
thepathwayinternational@gmail.com
We are a non-profit Christian organization with a desire to share the love of God by providing opportunities and resources for children of underserved and forgotten areas around the world. With the combined efforts of our founders and our many contributors and supporters, we have made great leaps in helping the people of Cambodia. We hope to expand this mission of hope beyond Cambodia and into the Philippines and other third world countries.
Email: thepathwayinternational @gmail.com | Address: 248 Mokauea St. Honolulu, HI 96819
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