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Am J Pathol. 2010 Apr;176(4):1927-40. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090561. Epub 2010 Feb 25.
Ricinus communis agglutinin I leads to rapid down-regulation of VEGFR-2 and endothelial cell apoptosis in tumor blood vessels.
You WK1, Kasman I, Hu-Lowe DD, McDonald DM.
Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA.
Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA I), a galactose-binding lectin from castor beans, binds to endothelial cells at sites of plasma leakage, but little is known about the amount and functional consequences of binding to tumor endothelial cells. We addressed this issue by examining the effects of RCA I on blood vessels of spontaneous pancreatic islet-cell tumors in RIP-Tag2 transgenic mice. After intravenous injection, RCA I bound strongly to tumor vessels but not to normal blood vessels. At 6 minutes, RCA I fluorescence of tumor vessels was largely diffuse, but over the next hour, brightly fluorescent dots appeared as the lectin was internalized by endothelial cells. RCA I injection led to a dose- and time-dependent decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) immunoreactivity in tumor endothelial cells, with 95% loss over 6 hours. By comparison, VEGFR-3, CD31, and CD105 had decreases in the range of 21% to 33%. Loss of VEGFR-2 was followed by increased activated caspase-3 in tumor vessels. Prior inhibition of VEGF signaling by AG-028262 decreased RCA I binding and internalization into tumor vessels. These findings indicate RCA I preferentially binds to and is internalized by tumor endothelial cells, which leads to VEGFR-2 down-regulation, endothelial cell apoptosis, and tumor vessel regression. Together, the results illustrate the selective impact of RCA I on VEGF signaling in tumor blood vessels.
10.2353/ajpath.2010.090561
Preferential binding and internalization of RCA I by tumor vessels. Micrographs of RIP-Tag2 tumors (A−C) showing strong red fluorescence of tumor vessels 1 hour after i.v. injection of 500 μg rhodamine-RCA I and green VEGFR-2 immunofluorescence. Strong red fluorescence of tumor vessels (D, E, dashed lines outline tumors) contrasts with little or no fluorescence of blood vessels in surrounding acinar pancreas. Bar graph (F) compares abundant RCA I fluorescence (fractional area, 15%) of tumor vessels with almost no fluorescence (0.6%) in the acinar pancreas. Micrographs show weak RCA I fluorescence in central veins of the liver (G, arrowheads) and glomeruli of the kidney (H, arrowheads). Confocal micrographs show dot-like red fluorescence of RCA I that colocalizes with green VEGFR-2 immunofluorescence in endothelial cells of tumor vessels (I, J; 1 hour after injection of rhodamine-RCA I). Confocal images of tumor vessels show the dot-like pattern of VEGF immunoreactivity (K), most of which colocalizes with green VEGFR-2 immunofluorescence (L, arrowheads). *P < 0.05 compared with value for tumors (F). Scale bar in (L): 240 μm (A−C, G, H); 120 μm (D, E); 10 μm (I−L).
Ricinus communis Agglutinin I Leads to Rapid Down-Regulation of VEGFR-2 and Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Tumor Blood Vessels
Am J Pathol. 2010 Apr;176(4):1927-1940.
Distribution of RCA I binding and internalization in tumors. Confocal micrographs compare the distribution of red fluorescence in RIP-Tag2 tumors at 6 minutes, 1 hour, or 6 hours after i.v. injection of 500 μg rhodamine-RCA I (A−C). RCA I fluorescence had diffuse, patchy pattern at 6 minutes (A), dot-like pattern at 1 hour (B), and blob-like pattern at 6 hours (C), when VEGFR-2 immunoreactivity changed from faithful marking of tumor vasculature to blobs (C). RCA I and VEGFR-2 were largely separate at 6 minutes (D), but colocalized in some dot-like (endosomes) at 1 hour (E, yellow-green). Colocalization of RCA I and VEGFR-2 was clear in some endosomes viewed in individual optical sections of confocal stack images (F, G, arrows) but was not present in others at 1 hour (F, G, arrowheads). At 6 hours, most colocalized RCA I and VEGFR-2 fluorescence in tumors was in the form of blobs, and VEGFR-2 no longer marked tumor vessels (H, I, arrowheads). RCA I in plasma had a half-life of 8 minutes (J) and a concentration of 25.2 μg/ml at 6 hours after injection (J). Scale bar in (I): 90 μm (A−C); 15 μm (D−E, H−I); 10 μm (F−G).
RCA I association with VEGFR-2 but not with VEGF. Confocal micrographs show the mutually exclusive distributions of dot-like red fluorescence of RCA I (500 μg, 1 hour) and green immunofluorescence of VEGF in RIP-Tag2 tumors (A−C). By comparison, some RCA I colocalized with VEGFR-2 (D). Scale bar in (D): 10 μm (A−D). SDS- polyacrylamide electrophoresis gel (E) showing clear protein staining for avidin agarose precipitants of biotinylated RCA I-protein complexes at 220 kDa (E, lane 1) in RIP-Tag2 tumor homogenates 1 hour after injection of 500 μg biotinylated RCA I. No protein band was detected in avidin agarose precipitants of tumor homogenates in the absence of biotinylated RCA I (E, lane 2) or in VEGFR-2 immunoprecipitation fractions of RIP-Tag2 tumor homogenates (E, lane 3). Western blots (F) of tumor homogenates showing a weak but distinct band for VEGFR-2 (F, lane 1) after injection of biotinylated RCA I, no VEGFR-2 band (F, lane 2) without biotinylated RCA I, and intense bands (F, lane 3) of VEGFR-2 immunoprecipitation.
Comparison of RCA I effects on VEGFR-2 with other membrane proteins. Fluorescence micrographs comparing changes in VEGFR-2 with corresponding changes in VEGFR-3, CD31, and CD105 immunoreactivities of tumor vessels at 6 minutes and 6 hours after i.v. injection of 500 μg RCA I. VEGFR-2 immunoreactivity was strong at 6 minutes but markedly reduced at 6 hours (A, B). Measurements revealed that the reduction in VEGFR-2 at 6 hours was 95% (C). By comparison, at 6 hours VEGFR-3 in tumor vessels was reduced only 21% (D−F), CD31 was reduced 27% (G−I), and CD105 was reduced 30% (J−L). However, VEGFR-3 immunoreactivity was still strong in peritumoral lymphatics at 6 hours after RCA I (D, E, arrowheads). VEGFR-3 and CD105 were stronger in tumor vessels than in vessels of the surrounding acinar pancreas (D−E, J−K). *P < 0.05 compared with 0 minutes (no RCA I) in all graphs. Scale bar in (K): 120 μm (all micrographs).
Dose- and time-dependency of VEGFR-2 reduction after RCA I. Fluorescence micrographs and graphs showing the dose-dependent reduction in VEGFR-2 immunoreactivity of tumor blood vessels at 6 hours after injection of RCA I (A−F). VEGFR-2 in tumor vessels did not change after RCA I at a dose of 0.5 μg but tended to be lower after 5 μg, and was significantly reduced after 50 or 500 μg. VEGFR-2 in blood vessels of acinar pancreas (B, arrowheads) also decreased with the higher doses but the reductions were smaller than in tumor vessels (E, F). Reductions in CD31 immunoreactivity were smaller than VEGFR-2, both in tumor vessels (E) and acinar pancreas vessels (F). The reduction of VEGFR-2 in tumor vessels at 6 hours after 50 μg RCA I was significantly larger than the corresponding change in blood vessels of acinar pancreas (G). Despite the striking reduction in VEGFR-2 immunoreactivity in tumors at 6 hours, the vasculature could still be identified by staining for CD31 (H, I, arrowheads), indicating that the vessels were still present. When tumor vessels were assessed at 24 hours after the injection, a 5-μg dose of RCA I markedly reduced VEGFR-2 immunoreactivity (J, K, dashed lines outlines tumor) but not CD31 immunoreactivity (L). Plot of RCA I dose (mg/kg)/survival time versus RCA I dose in RIP-Tag2 mice (M). The y-intercept gives an LD50 of 1.23 mg/kg in mice. *P < 0.05 compared with PBS group in all graphs; **P < 0.05 compared with value for CD31 (E−F). Scale bar in (L): 120 μm (A−D); 60 μm (H, I); 240 μm (J−L).
Reduced patency, apoptosis, and regression of tumor vessels after RCA I. Confocal micrographs (A, B) showing that most blood vessels in RIP-Tag2 tumors were stained by FITC-LEA (green) injected i.v. at 1 hour but not at 6 hours after injection of 500 μg RCA I. However, CD31 (red) staining of tumor vessels was largely normal, indicating that most of the tumor vasculature was still present where FITC-LEA staining was absent at 6 hours (B, arrowheads mark examples). Measurements (C) show 53% reduction in FITC-LEA labeling of tumor vessels between 1 hour and 6 hours after RCA I but only 20% reduction in CD31 staining. Loss of FITC-LEA labeling reflects reduced patency and/or perfusion of blood vessels., Confocal micrographs (D−G) showing similar distributions of CD31 (endothelial cells) and type IV collagen (basement membrane) in RIP-Tag2 tumors at baseline (D, E) but markedly lower CD31 than type IV collagen at 24 hours after i.v. injection of 50 μg RCA I, where many tumor vessels had regressed and left behind empty sleeves of basement membrane (F, G, arrowheads). Fluorescence micrographs (H, I) that illustrate the activated caspase-3 immunofluorescence of round cells in RIP-Tag2 tumors under baseline conditions (H) for comparison with scattered curvilinear segments of activated caspase-3 that mark apoptotic endothelial cells present at 6 hours after injection of 500 μg RCA I (I, arrowheads). Confocal micrographs (J−N) comparing tumors after 500 μg RCA I, where activated caspase-3 immunoreactivity is limited to scattered round cells at 1 hour (J), but curvilinear cells that colocalize with CD31, indicative of apoptotic endothelial cells (arrowheads), are present at 6 hours (K, L−N). Measurements (O) of activated caspase-3 immunofluorescence at 1 and 6 hours after injection of 500 μg RCA I compare the slight increase in overall activated caspase-3 to the fourfold increase in activated caspase-3 that colocalized with CD31. *P < 0.05 compared with corresponding value in 1 hour group in both graphs. Scale bar in (N): 60 μm (A, B, D−G, J, K); 120 μm (H, I); 10 μm (L−N).
Internalization of RCA I and VEGFR-2: Macrophage engulfment and effects of VEGFR inhibition by AG-028262. Confocal micrographs showing blobs of RCA I colocalized with VEGFR-2 immunoreactivity in RIP-Tag2 tumors at 6 hours after injection of 500 μg RCA I (A−B). Some of the blobs are inside F4/80-positive macrophages (C, D, arrowheads). Isosurface rendering of confocal stack images confirmed that the blobs were within F4/80-positive cells (E, arrowheads). Fluorescence micrographs (F, G) comparing the abundant RCA I binding to tumor vessels at 1 hour after injection under baseline conditions (F) to little RCA I binding in tumors treated with AG-028262 (80 mg/kg) for 7 days (G). Measurements (H) showing greater reduction in RCA I fluorescence than in tumor vascularity assessed by CD31 staining after treatment with AG-028262 for 7 days. Confocal micrograph and graph (I, J) of dot-like RCA I fluorescence (500 μg, 1 hour) showing the reduction by treatment with AG-028262 for 7 days before the injection of RCA I. Fluorescence micrograph (K) of activated caspase-3 immunoreactivity showing round cell staining (tumor cells), but little or no curvilinear staining (endothelial cells), in a tumor treated for 7 days with AG-028262 and then prepared 6 hours after injection of RCA I (compare with ). *P < 0.05 compared with vehicle group in both graphs. Scale bar in (K): 10 μm (A−E, I); 120 μm (F, G, K).
Apoptosis*
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Down-Regulation*
Endothelial Cells/cytology*
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*
Islets of Langerhans/cytology
Mice, Transgenic
Plant Lectins/metabolism*
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism*
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism*
Plant Lectins
Ricinus communis agglutinin-1
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2
P01 HL024136/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
R01 HL059157/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
CA82923/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States


text:
By Josh | June 1, 2008 | Add to Favorites
Categories: action, arcade, demo, download, game, indie, onebutton, orbit, physics, puzzle, rating-g, windows
Comments (9) | Views (3,730)
There's something about one-button games that's really appealing to some people, myself included. It's not that I'm so lazy that I enjoy playing an entire game pushing only one button, or that games like this are intrinsically simple. In fact, I believe it's the opposite. A game that's designed around just one button to control all the elements and variables of that game is one that the designers really had to put some thought into (dreadfully simple games excluded). And that's exactly what the folks at Orb Games did in their quietly-released new download, Stardrone. It's a multi-genre game, featuring a mix of arcade action, pinball, breakout, gravitational physics and collect-the-objects. Might sound a little confusing, but the game simply boils down to you (a ball) lighting up stars to reach an objective.
Simple? Yes. Boring? Surprisingly, not at all. In fact, Stardrone is a game that has the unique ability to appeal to both action junkies and puzzle-lovers alike. Within just the first few levels, you'll be met with a barrage of visual stimuli while a spacey-techno track thumps along. Some might find the graphics stunning, or at the very least, impressive. Effects like particle blur, shimmering and bursting effects really bring the playing field to life. Levels are painted with bright, vibrant colors set against the backdrop of deep space. You control the ball solely with the mouse button, albeit indirectly. Once the ball is launched from its starting position, it shoots through a maze scattered with "gravitational nodes" placed in key locations. When the mouse button is pushed, the nodes are activated, and the ball is attracted to the nearest node using a watered-down gravitational physics mechanic. This allows you to control the ball by a series of well-timed mouse click-and-releases, causing the ball to change course, orbit a node or slingshot off in a different direction. You "catch" the ball by attracting it into orbit, then wait until its trajectory is lined up with where you want to send it, firing it away towards stars or objects. Catch it in orbit again with another node and repeat, eventually finding a nice rhythm so that you can keep the ball moving from node to node without keeping it orbit for more than one cycle or so. The reason the physics are "watered down" is for the benefit of the player; if it were as realistic as some of those planetary web-toys out there, you'd have a much harder time manipulating the trajectory of the ball.
The overall objective of the game is to light up a certain number of stars (and sometimes collect gems) in each level and get to the exit portal. Missions vary from level to level, sometimes requiring you to light every single star on the level, gather gems and make it back to the portal, while other times you'll just need to target your ball through a series of obstacles to make it to the goal, lighting stars along the way to raise your score. In other levels, you won't even need to make it to a goal; you'll just need to light the stars without being destroyed. A handy map in the lower-left corner displays helpful info like star positions, your location, nodes and more. Once you're down to just a few stars left to light, a circle pulses around their location on the map to help you find them. Obstacles in the game can be as simple as the walls of the maze you bounce off of, or as deadly as a layer of spikes that destroy your ball on contact. Enemies in Stardrone range from stationary satellites to the moving variety, all of which can destroy you if you don't destroy them first. Power-ups allow you to transform into a spiked wrecking ball, letting you rip through enemies and destructible objects like tissue paper. There's a bunch of other environmental elements as well, like turbo-booster lanes, pinball-style bumpers, rails that catch your ball and shoot it spiraling down the course, and more.
Watching your ball blast through enemies, light up stars and dizzyingly zoom through spirals is a bit reminiscent of the classic Sonic the Hedgehog games. Many gamers fondly remember Sonic as a turbo-charged, enjoyable distraction from the majority of games—even today—that move at a snail's pace (comparatively speaking). On the last title screen, there's a game speed slider that allows you to control how fast the action is. To get the full experience, I recommend you set it to the max after you've played a few levels to get your bearings. Half the fun of Stardrone is the speed factor; getting "in the zone" as the background becomes almost a blur, knowing that just one slip up at that speed and you'll hit an obstacle like a brick wall, destroying your ball. There's plenty more elements to the game; too many to mention without spoiling. Just a few examples are things like traps, angle-shifters, gate passes that need to be opened...more than enough to hold the average gamer's attention.
Analysis: Stardrone is a solid game, through and through. The graphics are well above par for such a conceptually basic game, even featuring some nice emulated depth backgrounds that give you a feeling of spatial relativity. More importantly, beyond the graphics lie a fresh new game idea, one that's executed almost flawlessly, giving you the impression that the developers spent a suitable amount of time in beta testing before releasing the product to the public. It's a game that can be played and enjoyed by virtually all age groups and most importantly, the novelty doesn't wear off after a dozen or so levels. As difficulty increases, so do new game elements, so you'll always be discovering new elements throughout the game's 50+ levels. The designers were also nice enough to implement a targeting overlay that constantly displays the trajectory the ball will follow whenever it's attracted to or released from a node. It seems like just a minor enhancement, but without it, players might have become frustrated too quickly to give the game an honest chance.
It's difficult to pigeon-hole this game into a genre so that it can be suggested to a particular fan base. Most of the time, that attribute is a shining example of a game that's just plain fun, instead of merely being enjoyable for a particular type of player. It also lends itself well to periodic play; just a level or two a day when you need your tactile action fix. The best I can do is recommend that unless you only play point-and-click or escape-room games, you'll want to give Stardrone a try, if for no other reason than you haven't seen anything like it yet!
Download the demo
Get the full version
Try Boot Camp or Parallels or CrossOver Games.
Corona • June 1, 2008 7:56 PM
Took me a minute to figure how to control it, but once I did, wow what a great game! I hit a learning curve snag at level 10. This is more fun than Peggle!
Kirkpad • June 1, 2008 11:56 PM
Man, this game is wicked. I like the way the trajectory tracker works. Thanks for the recommendation, as I was looking for a game to use with my last Big Fish Game Credit.
The game looks graphically powered but also well optimized.
Very fun, and very much like Peggle in a way.
baba44713 • June 2, 2008 5:43 AM
I'm happy Jay finally gets money for his troubles of keeping up this darn fine blog for so long, but lately semi-biased bloated reviews of commercial games seem to be taking over.
Oh, well. It was good while it lasted.
Capcapone • June 2, 2008 6:09 AM
I kind of agree with baba4473, there is a lot of commercial games being reviewed nowadays, making it less enjoyable to see what new games you have for us, Jay.
That said, I'm pretty glad that I took the chance and downloaded the demo this time. This game is fun, addictive and seems to be worth the time and cost. As good if not better than Peggle.
So far I can't find anything to really dislike about it, so I'm definitely going to be using up some of those bigfish credits.
Jay • June 2, 2008 6:35 AM
I'm pleased you found something you enjoy.
I can live with that. :)
As for the number of reviews for commercial games, we made an exception for Virtual Villagers this week and published our review and walkthrough guide mid-week. And I did expect to receive some fallout from it. This was not an ordinary week as it was a bit heavy in commercial releases.
That said, we will continue to highlight the best of what's available out there, free, commercial, indie, whatever.
Free, browser-based games during the week, downloads (both free and demos) on the weekends. We've been doing that for months now and it's working well for us.
Josh • June 2, 2008 11:12 AM
Baba-
If you're referring to this review in particular when you say bias and bloated, I just wanted to let you know that any bias that might have shown up STEMMED from a objective review. I had no expectations when I started this game, but I found it to be really fun and enjoyable. (And looking at comments so far, so do other people.) So in that regard, yes, a writer's review does turn bias (or more aptly, subjective) after an assessment has been made and an opinion can be made. That's the difference between news and reviews.
About the recent boost in commercial game reviews-
As a contributor who wrote two purchasable game reviews in a row this week--Robokill and Stardrone--I'd like to comment on the above feedback.
What Jay said is spot-on, the last week or so happens to be an exception to the average review pattern and format. It was merely coincidence that so many review-worthy purchasable games came out over the last week or so. As any longtime reader of JiG knows, myself included, is that normally commercial games are only reviewed sparingly on over the weekend. Oftentimes there are even regular free flash game reviews sprinkled between them during the weekend too.
Don't let the last week and a half scare you into thinking that anything is changing regarding the frequency of commercial games. It was just coincidence that we found a handful of them at the same time, and also that they all happened to be timely in nature; we couldn't deprive the audience of some of those major releases.
I hope this eases your mind a bit.
Corona • June 5, 2008 8:43 AM
I wonder why Big Fish never 'introduced' this game on their daily games page. Do they have a secret hidey hole page where only privileged are allowed?
Kunal Joshi • June 5, 2008 9:06 AM
Cool game. I think its a nice evolution of the pull-star mechanics that you see in Super Mario Galaxy. The watered-down physics model is pretty much the same i.e. you only experience gravity from the planet/star you're clicking on. I was kind of let down by the lack of pull-star puzzles in Mario Galaxy so this game fills that need.
rizwan • August 13, 2009 6:06 PM
Need help in completing the waves level, cheat code? Bypass code? Anything, I am desperately frustrated.
also on Jayisgames
Weekday Escape N°234
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chrpa— Hi, it's Wednesday and our new games are here! After lazy afternoon comes Amajeto's slow sunny morning with fresh coffee and something sweet. When you pull yourself together, it's time for a quest! Shigeyuki Kagamura's moon rabbit fall from the... ...
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The reason why manga readers don't understand the cadence of the story is because the manga completely skips all the side stories which covers the stories of the other reincarnated students alongside censoredo's story. In the novel it's back to back: censoredo's story, then side story (SS), censoredo, ss, censoredo, ss, etc. Usually every 5 censoredo chapters there's an SS chapter. It's very clear almost right at the very beginning that the SS timeline is many years after the censoredo timeline because all reincarnated students are reborn as babies just like censoredo, except censoredo being a spider grows up exponentially faster than human babies, which still grow as slowly as they do IRL. So when a SS features a teenage reincarnated student, it should be obvious that censoredo at that point in time is vastly more powerful since she reached Ede Saine mere months after being born, which if you recall is only one class lower than the top evolution of Queen Taratect (Mother of censoredo). Meanwhile the other students are still babies who can barely walk. The censoredo and SS timelines converge along the Great Human-Demon War (happening now in the manga).
But the sidestorys of the other students do not help the least bit to understand anything. At least for quite some time. I was only confused by the sidestorys, until i understood the time difference because the different time needed to grow for different species.
Which is being downloaded as a prophecy to our spider.
I'm so confused by this development. Is that our mc? Someone else?
If it is our protagonist then how did she get out of the cave?
Based on 29.1 it is probably some kind of vision.
Might be another person, her future or just a fiction.
I believe those guys are the current demon lord and 'evil' faction of the world and our little spider might become a contestant for the title later on.
Hmm ima say as few as pos to not be considered spoiling.
That one is the demonlord in the future.
Saying whether she's our grow up kumo-chan or someone else will spoil the story too much.
I'm telling this so people won't get confused.
Treat this one as a side story. It's a sidestory in the WN anyway.
There will be more side story to come if the manga go like the WN, which is exactly thus far.
I got hooked and finished all chapters in a day. I hope this will continue for a longer time.
Gemson try WN. It got 300+ chaps so far. http://raisingthedead.ninja/current-j-z/kumo-desu-ga-nani-ka/ This link is for later chaps, but there is a link for previously translated ones on site.
So no shapeshifting skill exist, really ?
When the manga first started I was wondering when the mc would get a humanoid evolution, at this point I'm just counting down the days.
Depending on how close the manga will follow the LN (pretty close so far ^^) then it might actually take a while before she gets a humanoid form.
Will there be a bit more somewhen? Other characters (apart from the extra selfs), leaving the dungeon and/or a greater means of living would be nice.
Not like its bad, but the slaying monster and receiving skills gets a bit dull.
Yes, eventually there'll be a ton of focus on other characters.
I actualy can't belevie this is japanese… no annoying loli, no usless tsundere no idiot mc male i'm surprised… good job!
Ever got bored of a protagonist getting a harem after making it to another world? Or simply people venerating him/hate/fear him because of cheats?
So good !! Can't wait for MORE!!!!
there are 3 more chapters out, why no update?
You do not have the required number of experience points at this time.
Loving all the updates, do we know how far the raws go?
also i reread it and realized on chapter 0 that the entire class gets teleported to the other world so maybe in the future she meets another of her classmates?
@pockets. Where can one read the novel?
I like this one, looking forward to where it goes.
After the slime and the goblin, here come the spider.
And censored it's good, for once the character isn't overpowerd, and she doesn't have op skill eather it's just so good.
great series, you are missing chapter 5.1 fyi.
I like the the difference in this reincarnation. Almost makes me want to come back as spider.
This is so sine, so far. Pretty much a RPG history of an inteligent mob, really like this!
This manga is pretty much my favorite of everything I've read recently.
Also, chapters 4, 5-1, and 5-2 are up on batoto (and not here atm).
HAHAH nice manga LOVe this cant wait for moar!!
Omg the translator used censoredoko's characteristic "Nai wa" like Turb0 did (bless this dude, he translated so many chapters)! Thanks, translator!
I totally love this story, and thus I am soooooooo friggin happy there is a manga adaptation! I hope it won't be dropped.


text:
State Publications Website
Browse all State Publications
Home State Publications Annual report for ... R-2206B mitigation site, Lincoln County, TIP no. R-2206B
Annual report for ... R-2206B mitigation site, Lincoln County, TIP no. R-2206B
ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2010
UT Forney Creek Wetland Mitigation Site
TIP No. R-2206B
Prepared By:
Natural Environment Unit & Roadside Environmental Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation
SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 2
1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................... 2
1.2 PURPOSE ................................................................................................. 2
1.3 PROJECT HISTORY ................................................................................. 2
1.4 DEBIT LEDGER......................................................................................... 2
2.0 HYDROLOGY ....................................................................................................... 4
2.1 SUCCESS CRITERIA ................................................................................ 4
2.2 HYDROLOGIC DESCRIPTION ................................................................. 4
2.3 RESULTS OF HYDROLOGIC MONITORING ........................................... 4
2.3.1 Site Data ......................................................................................... 4
2.3.2 Climatic Data ................................................................................... 6
2.4 CONCLUSIONS......................................................................................... 6
3.0 VEGETATION ...................................................................................................... 9
3.2 DESCRIPTION OF PLANTED AREAS ...................................................... 9
3.3 RESULTS OF VEGETATION MONITORING……………………………… . 9
4.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................... 10
Figure 1. Site Location Map ........................................................................................... 3
Figure 2. Monitoring Gauge Location Map ..................................................................... 5
Figure 3. Hydrologic Monitoring Results ........................................................................ 7
Figure 4. 30-70 Percentile Graph................................................................................... 8
Table 1. Hydrologic Monitoring Results ......................................................................... 6
APPENDIX A GAUGE DATA GRAPHS
APPENDIX B SITE PHOTOS AND PHOTO PLOT LOCATIONS
The following report summarizes the monitoring activities that have occurred in the past
year at the UT Forney Creek Wetland Mitigation Site. The mitigation site is
approximately 0.48 acre and construction was completed in June 2007. Monitoring
activities in 2010 represent the third year of monitoring for the site. The site must
demonstrate both hydrologic and vegetation success for a minimum of five years or
until the site is deemed successful.
The mitigation site was previously maintained as a pond until a natural channel design
was proposed at the site. The pond was drained and undercut with new soil material
replacing the existing. However, due to existing springs in the area, the new material
became too saturated for natural channel design. As an alternative, NCDOT restored a
0.48 acre wetland with the anticipation that stream flow will create its own path through
the wetland. The channel that forms through the wetland will be evaluated periodically
to determine if any in-stream grade control structures are needed.
The site is monitored with two groundwater gauges, one rain gauge, and visual
vegetation monitoring.
The daily rainfall data depicted on the monitoring gauge graphs was recorded from an
onsite rain gauge. An offsite rain gauge, maintained by the NC State Climate Office in
Lincolnton, contributed to the daily rainfall data and historical rainfall data used for the
30th – 70th percentile analysis to determine if 2010 was a normal climatic year.
Hydrologic success criteria are based on the approved mitigation plan and require that
the site demonstrate saturation or inundation within 12 inches of the soil surface for a
consecutive 12.5% of the growing season during years of normal rainfall.
The 2010-year represents the third year for hydrology monitoring. Both groundwater
gauges located in the wetland restoration area exceeded the success criteria with
saturation within 12" of the soil surface for 100% of the growing season.
The third year of visual monitoring of the site revealed the planted species are not
surviving in the planted areas. Due to the excessive amount of water that has been
present on the site throughout the growing season, it is expected that none of the
planted species have survived. The restoration area has been inundated throughout
the past year due to a combination of beaver activity and off-site activity by the
adjacent property owner. A site visit will be scheduled at this year's annual monitoring
meeting to review the site and determine a course of action.
NCDOT will continue to monitor the UT Forney Creek Wetland Mitigation Site for
hydrology and vegetation in 2011.
1.1 Project Description
The UT Forney Creek Wetland Mitigation Site serves as mitigation for TIP No.
R-2206B, the NC 16 Bypass from north of NC 73 to north of SR 1386 (St. James
Church road) in Lincoln County (Figure 1). The 0.48 acre site is located approximately
19 miles east of the Lincolnton.
In order to demonstrate successful wetland mitigation, hydrologic and vegetation
monitoring must be conducted for a minimum of five years or until the site is deemed
successful. Hydrologic success criteria are based on the approved mitigation plan,
which requires that the site demonstrate saturation or inundation within 12 inches of the
soil surface for a consecutive 12.5% of the growing season during years of normal
rainfall. Vegetation success will require reference photos, plant survival (noting
missing, stressed, damaged or dead plantings), estimated causes and
proposed/required remedial action) and visual inspection of channel stability. A
monitoring report will be submitted within sixty days after completing the monitoring.
This report includes analyses of hydrologic and vegetation monitoring results,
discussions of local climatic conditions throughout the growing season, and site
photographs.
1.3 Project History
March 2008 Site Planted
September 2008 Visual Vegetation Monitoring (Year 1)
March-November 2008 Hydrologic Monitoring (Year 1)
August 2009 Visual Vegetation Monitoring (Year 2)
March-November 2009
Hydrologic Monitoring (Year 2)
Visual Vegetation Monitoring (Year 3)
The entire UT Forney Creek wetland mitigation site was upfront wetland restoration
mitigation. This site will be used, with regulatory approval, to offset future impacts in
the Catawba River basin.
Figure 1. Site Location Map
2.0 HYDROLOGY
2.1 Success Criteria
The hydrologic success criteria established for UT Forney Creek Wetland Mitigation
Site, as stipulated in the approved mitigation plan and subsequent revisions, require
that the site demonstrate saturation or inundation within 12 inches of the soil surface
for a consecutive 12.5% of the growing season during years of normal rainfall.
The growing season in Lincoln County begins on March 28 and ends November 4.
These dates correspond to a 50% probability that temperatures will drop to 28°F or
lower after March 28 or before November 41. The growing season is 222 days;
therefore, hydrologic success requires 12.5% continuous saturation during this period,
or at least 22 consecutive days.
2.2 Hydrologic Description
Two groundwater monitoring gauges were installed on the site (Figure 2) in February
2008 in the wetland restoration area. The groundwater gauges record water levels on
a daily basis. A rain gauge is also located on the site to assist in comparison of the
rainfall data from an official weather station in Lincolnton (supplied by the NC State
Climate Office). Monitoring data for 2010 represents the third year of hydrologic
monitoring for the site.
2.3 Results of Hydrologic Monitoring
2.3.1 Site Data
The maximum number of consecutive days that the groundwater was within twelve
inches of the surface was determined for each gauge. This number was converted into
a percentage of the 222-day growing season. The results are presented in Table 1.
Figure 3 also provides a graphical representation of the hydrologic results. Gauges
highlighted in blue indicate wetland hydrology for more than 12.5% of the growing
season. Those gauges highlighted in black indicate no wetland hydrology (< 5% of the
growing season) while gauges highlighted in green indicate hydrology between 5% and
12.5%.
Appendix A contains a plot of the groundwater depth for each monitoring gauge. The
maximum number of consecutive days is noted on each graph.
1 Soil Conservation Service, Soil Survey of Lincoln County, North Carolina.
Figure 2. Monitoring Gauge Location Map
Table 1. Hydrologic Monitoring Results
Monitoring Gauge < 5% 5-8% 8-12% > 12.5% Actual % Success Dates
GW-1+ X 100 March 28 - Nov 4
+Gauge met success during average rainfall months.
2.3.2 Climatic Data
Figure 4 is a comparison of the 2010 monthly rainfall to the historical precipitation
(collected between 1978 and 2009) for Lincolnton, North Carolina. This comparison
gives an indication of how 2010 relates to historical data in terms of climate conditions.
The NC State Climate Office provided all of the historical rainfall information.
Based on the historical data, January, February, March, May, July, and September
recorded average rainfall for the site in 2010. The months of April, June, October and
November recorded below average rainfall while August recorded above average
rainfall. Overall, the 2010 monitoring year was an average rainfall year.
2.4 Conclusions
The 2010 monitoring year represents the third year of hydrologic monitoring for the
R-2206B UT Forney Creek Wetland Mitigation Site. Both groundwater monitoring
gauges recorded jurisdictional hydrology above the required 12.5% of the growing
season. The restoration area has been inundated throughout the past year due to a
combination of beaver activity and off-site activity by the adjacent property owner. A
site visit will be scheduled at this year's annual monitoring meeting to review the site
and determine a course of action.
hydrology in 2011.
Figure 3. Hydrologic Monitoring Results Map
Figure 4. 30-70 Percentile Graph
3.0 VEGETATION: UT FORNEY CREEK WETLAND MITIGATION SITE
(YEAR 3 MONITORING)
Monitoring to support vegetation success will require reference photos, plant survival
(noting missing, stressed, damaged or dead plantings), estimated causes and
3.2 Description of Species
The following tree species were planted in the wetland restoration area:
Quercus lyrata, Overcup Oak
Platanus occidentalis, Sycamore
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash
Betula nigra, River Birch
3.3 Results of Vegetation Monitoring
The third year of visual monitoring of the wetland restoration area shows that it is re-attaining
wetland jurisdictional status but the planted species are not surviving in the
planted areas. The site was supplementally planted in January 2009 with Baldcypress
seedlings. Due to the excessive amount of water that has been present on the site
throughout the growing season, it is expected that none of the planted species have
survived. The restoration area has been inundated throughout the past year due to a
Site Notes: Other vegetation noted: black willow, Scirpus sp., Juncus sp., alder,
Polygonum sp., cattail, and various wetland grasses.
There were approximately 0.48 acres total of wetland restoration on site. There were no
plots established on the site. The third year of visual monitoring of the wetland
restoration area shows that it is re-attaining wetland jurisdictional status but the planted
species are not surviving in the planted areas. NCDOT will continue to monitor the
planted vegetation at the site in 2011.
4.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS
The 2010 monitoring year represents the third year of hydrologic monitoring for the UT
Forney Creek Wetland Mitigation Site. Both groundwater monitoring gauges recorded
jurisdictional hydrology for 100% of the growing season. Visual vegetation monitoring
of the site revealed the planted species are not surviving in the planted areas. Due to
the excessive amount of water that has been present on the site throughout the
growing season, it is expected that none of the planted species have survived. The
restoration area has been inundated throughout the past year due to a combination of
beaver activity and off-site activity by the adjacent property owner. A site visit will be
scheduled at this year's annual monitoring meeting to review the site and determine a
course of action.
vegetation and hydrology in 2011.
GAUGE DATA GRAPHS
SITE PHOTOS AND PHOTO PLOT LOCATIONS
UT Forney Creek Mitigation Site
Photo 1 Photo 2
Title Annual report for... R-2206B mitigation site, Lincoln County, TIP no. R-2206B
Other Title UT Forney Creek wetland mitigation site
Contributor North Carolina. Division of Highways. Roadside Environmental Unit.
Date 2008; 2009; 2010
Subjects Wetland mitigation--North Carolina--Lincoln County
Wetlands--Environmental aspects--North Carolina--Lincoln County
Estuarine area conservation--North Carolina--Lincoln County
Wetland ecology--North Carolina--Lincoln County
Water quality management--North Carolina--Lincoln County
Groundwater--North Carolina--Lincoln County--Management
Lincoln County (N.C.)
Place Lincoln County, North Carolina, United States
Description Annual; 2008-
Publisher North Carolina Department of Transportation
Agency-Current North Carolina Division of Highways, Department of Transportation
Rights State Document see http://digital.ncdcr.gov/u?/p249901coll22,63754
Requirements for Use System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader; current access available via PURL.
Physical Characteristics 1 online resource (volumes) : illustrations, maps, graphs
Collection North Carolina State Documents Collection. State Library of North Carolina
Format Technical reports
Digital Collection North Carolina Digital State Documents Collection
Digital Format application/pdf
Related Items http://worldcat.org/oclc/871254292/viewonline
Pres Local File Path-M \Preservation_content\StatePubs\pubs_borndigital\images_master\
Description 2010
Digital Characteristics-A 553 KB; 17 p.
Pres File Name-M pubs_serial_utforneycreekwetland2010.pdf
Full Text ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2010 UT Forney Creek Wetland Mitigation Site Lincoln County TIP No. R-2206B Prepared By: Natural Environment Unit & Roadside Environmental Unit North Carolina Department of Transportation December 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 2 1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................... 2 1.2 PURPOSE ................................................................................................. 2 1.3 PROJECT HISTORY ................................................................................. 2 1.4 DEBIT LEDGER......................................................................................... 2 2.0 HYDROLOGY ....................................................................................................... 4 2.1 SUCCESS CRITERIA ................................................................................ 4 2.2 HYDROLOGIC DESCRIPTION ................................................................. 4 2.3 RESULTS OF HYDROLOGIC MONITORING ........................................... 4 2.3.1 Site Data ......................................................................................... 4 2.3.2 Climatic Data ................................................................................... 6 2.4 CONCLUSIONS......................................................................................... 6 3.0 VEGETATION ...................................................................................................... 9 3.1 SUCCESS CRITERIA ................................................................................ 9 3.2 DESCRIPTION OF PLANTED AREAS ...................................................... 9 3.3 RESULTS OF VEGETATION MONITORING……………………………… . 9 3.4 CONCLUSIONS......................................................................................... 9 4.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................... 10 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Site Location Map ........................................................................................... 3 Figure 2. Monitoring Gauge Location Map ..................................................................... 5 Figure 3. Hydrologic Monitoring Results ........................................................................ 7 Figure 4. 30-70 Percentile Graph................................................................................... 8 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Hydrologic Monitoring Results ......................................................................... 6 APPENDICES APPENDIX A GAUGE DATA GRAPHS APPENDIX B SITE PHOTOS AND PHOTO PLOT LOCATIONS 1 SUMMARY The following report summarizes the monitoring activities that have occurred in the past year at the UT Forney Creek Wetland Mitigation Site. The mitigation site is approximately 0.48 acre and construction was completed in June 2007. Monitoring activities in 2010 represent the third year of monitoring for the site. The site must demonstrate both hydrologic and vegetation success for a minimum of five years or until the site is deemed successful. The mitigation site was previously maintained as a pond until a natural channel design was proposed at the site. The pond was drained and undercut with new soil material replacing the existing. However, due to existing springs in the area, the new material became too saturated for natural channel design. As an alternative, NCDOT restored a 0.48 acre wetland with the anticipation that stream flow will create its own path through the wetland. The channel that forms through the wetland will be evaluated periodically to determine if any in-stream grade control structures are needed. The site is monitored with two groundwater gauges, one rain gauge, and visual vegetation monitoring. The daily rainfall data depicted on the monitoring gauge graphs was recorded from an onsite rain gauge. An offsite rain gauge, maintained by the NC State Climate Office in Lincolnton, contributed to the daily rainfall data and historical rainfall data used for the 30th – 70th percentile analysis to determine if 2010 was a normal climatic year. Hydrologic success criteria are based on the approved mitigation plan and require that the site demonstrate saturation or inundation within 12 inches of the soil surface for a consecutive 12.5% of the growing season during years of normal rainfall. The 2010-year represents the third year for hydrology monitoring. Both groundwater gauges located in the wetland restoration area exceeded the success criteria with saturation within 12" of the soil surface for 100% of the growing season. The third year of visual monitoring of the site revealed the planted species are not surviving in the planted areas. Due to the excessive amount of water that has been present on the site throughout the growing season, it is expected that none of the planted species have survived. The restoration area has been inundated throughout the past year due to a combination of beaver activity and off-site activity by the adjacent property owner. A site visit will be scheduled at this year's annual monitoring meeting to review the site and determine a course of action. NCDOT will continue to monitor the UT Forney Creek Wetland Mitigation Site for hydrology and vegetation in 2011. 2 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Description The UT Forney Creek Wetland Mitigation Site serves as mitigation for TIP No. R-2206B, the NC 16 Bypass from north of NC 73 to north of SR 1386 (St. James Church road) in Lincoln County (Figure 1). The 0.48 acre site is located approximately 19 miles east of the Lincolnton. 1.2 Purpose In order to demonstrate successful wetland mitigation, hydrologic and vegetation monitoring must be conducted for a minimum of five years or until the site is deemed successful. Hydrologic success criteria are based on the approved mitigation plan, which requires that the site demonstrate saturation or inundation within 12 inches of the soil surface for a consecutive 12.5% of the growing season during years of normal rainfall. Vegetation success will require reference photos, plant survival (noting missing, stressed, damaged or dead plantings), estimated causes and proposed/required remedial action) and visual inspection of channel stability. A monitoring report will be submitted within sixty days after completing the monitoring. This report includes analyses of hydrologic and vegetation monitoring results, discussions of local climatic conditions throughout the growing season, and site photographs. 1.3 Project History March 2008 Site Planted September 2008 Visual Vegetation Monitoring (Year 1) March-November 2008 Hydrologic Monitoring (Year 1) August 2009 Visual Vegetation Monitoring (Year 2) March-November 2009 August 2010 March-November 2010 Hydrologic Monitoring (Year 2) Visual Vegetation Monitoring (Year 3) Hydrologic Monitoring (Year 3) 1.4 Project History The entire UT Forney Creek wetland mitigation site was upfront wetland restoration mitigation. This site will be used, with regulatory approval, to offset future impacts in the Catawba River basin. 3 Figure 1. Site Location Map 4 2.0 HYDROLOGY 2.1 Success Criteria The hydrologic success criteria established for UT Forney Creek Wetland Mitigation Site, as stipulated in the approved mitigation plan and subsequent revisions, require that the site demonstrate saturation or inundation within 12 inches of the soil surface for a consecutive 12.5% of the growing season during years of normal rainfall. The growing season in Lincoln County begins on March 28 and ends November 4. These dates correspond to a 50% probability that temperatures will drop to 28°F or lower after March 28 or before November 41. The growing season is 222 days; therefore, hydrologic success requires 12.5% continuous saturation during this period, or at least 22 consecutive days. 2.2 Hydrologic Description Two groundwater monitoring gauges were installed on the site (Figure 2) in February 2008 in the wetland restoration area. The groundwater gauges record water levels on a daily basis. A rain gauge is also located on the site to assist in comparison of the rainfall data from an official weather station in Lincolnton (supplied by the NC State Climate Office). Monitoring data for 2010 represents the third year of hydrologic monitoring for the site. 2.3 Results of Hydrologic Monitoring 2.3.1 Site Data The maximum number of consecutive days that the groundwater was within twelve inches of the surface was determined for each gauge. This number was converted into a percentage of the 222-day growing season. The results are presented in Table 1. Figure 3 also provides a graphical representation of the hydrologic results. Gauges highlighted in blue indicate wetland hydrology for more than 12.5% of the growing season. Those gauges highlighted in black indicate no wetland hydrology (< 5% of the growing season) while gauges highlighted in green indicate hydrology between 5% and 12.5%. Appendix A contains a plot of the groundwater depth for each monitoring gauge. The maximum number of consecutive days is noted on each graph. 1 Soil Conservation Service, Soil Survey of Lincoln County, North Carolina. 5 Figure 2. Monitoring Gauge Location Map 6 Table 1. Hydrologic Monitoring Results Monitoring Gauge < 5% 5-8% 8-12% > 12.5% Actual % Success Dates GW-1+ X 100 March 28 - Nov 4 GW-2+ X 100 March 28 - Nov 4 +Gauge met success during average rainfall months. 2.3.2 Climatic Data Figure 4 is a comparison of the 2010 monthly rainfall to the historical precipitation (collected between 1978 and 2009) for Lincolnton, North Carolina. This comparison gives an indication of how 2010 relates to historical data in terms of climate conditions. The NC State Climate Office provided all of the historical rainfall information. Based on the historical data, January, February, March, May, July, and September recorded average rainfall for the site in 2010. The months of April, June, October and November recorded below average rainfall while August recorded above average rainfall. Overall, the 2010 monitoring year was an average rainfall year. 2.4 Conclusions The 2010 monitoring year represents the third year of hydrologic monitoring for the R-2206B UT Forney Creek Wetland Mitigation Site. Both groundwater monitoring gauges recorded jurisdictional hydrology above the required 12.5% of the growing season. The restoration area has been inundated throughout the past year due to a combination of beaver activity and off-site activity by the adjacent property owner. A site visit will be scheduled at this year's annual monitoring meeting to review the site and determine a course of action. NCDOT will continue to monitor the UT Forney Creek Wetland Mitigation Site for hydrology in 2011. 7 Figure 3. Hydrologic Monitoring Results Map 8 Figure 4. 30-70 Percentile Graph 9 3.0 VEGETATION: UT FORNEY CREEK WETLAND MITIGATION SITE (YEAR 3 MONITORING) 3.1 Success Criteria Monitoring to support vegetation success will require reference photos, plant survival (noting missing, stressed, damaged or dead plantings), estimated causes and proposed/required remedial action) and visual inspection of channel stability. A monitoring report will be submitted within sixty days after completing the monitoring. 3.2 Description of Species The following tree species were planted in the wetland restoration area: Quercus lyrata, Overcup Oak Platanus occidentalis, Sycamore Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash Betula nigra, River Birch 3.3 Results of Vegetation Monitoring The third year of visual monitoring of the wetland restoration area shows that it is re-attaining wetland jurisdictional status but the planted species are not surviving in the planted areas. The site was supplementally planted in January 2009 with Baldcypress seedlings. Due to the excessive amount of water that has been present on the site throughout the growing season, it is expected that none of the planted species have survived. The restoration area has been inundated throughout the past year due to a combination of beaver activity and off-site activity by the adjacent property owner. A site visit will be scheduled at this year's annual monitoring meeting to review the site and determine a course of action. Site Notes: Other vegetation noted: black willow, Scirpus sp., Juncus sp., alder, Polygonum sp., cattail, and various wetland grasses. 3.4 Conclusions There were approximately 0.48 acres total of wetland restoration on site. There were no plots established on the site. The third year of visual monitoring of the wetland restoration area shows that it is re-attaining wetland jurisdictional status but the planted species are not surviving in the planted areas. NCDOT will continue to monitor the planted vegetation at the site in 2011. 10 4.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS The 2010 monitoring year represents the third year of hydrologic monitoring for the UT Forney Creek Wetland Mitigation Site. Both groundwater monitoring gauges recorded jurisdictional hydrology for 100% of the growing season. Visual vegetation monitoring of the site revealed the planted species are not surviving in the planted areas. Due to the excessive amount of water that has been present on the site throughout the growing season, it is expected that none of the planted species have survived. The restoration area has been inundated throughout the past year due to a combination of beaver activity and off-site activity by the adjacent property owner. A site visit will be scheduled at this year's annual monitoring meeting to review the site and determine a course of action. NCDOT will continue to monitor the UT Forney Creek Wetland Mitigation Site for vegetation and hydrology in 2011. APPENDIX A GAUGE DATA GRAPHS APPENDIX B SITE PHOTOS AND PHOTO PLOT LOCATIONS UT Forney Creek Mitigation Site Photo 1 Photo 2 September 2010
Annual report for ... R-2206B mitigation site, Lincoln...


text:
Yachmenev is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksey Yachmenev (1866–1937), Native American chief
Denis Yachmenev (born 1984), Russian ice hockey player, brother of Vitali
Vitali Yachmenev (born 1975), Russian ice hockey player

Russian-language surnames

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
"Twilight" actor Gregory Tyree Boyce with his Nigerian girlfriend found dead
January 20, 2023 Boss Lady Biography, News 0
It"s heartbreaking as Famous Hollywood actor Gregory Tyree Boyce popular for "Twilight" was found dead with his Nigerian girlfriend
While their source of death is still yet unknown, their dead bodies were found in Gregory's condominium by his cousin who raised the alarm.
Gregory died at the age of 30 alongside his girlfriend Natalie Adepoju who was 27 years old in Las Vegas.
The coupled were found dead on Wednesday 13, May, 2020 but the news was held back and announced on Monday, May 18, 2020 .
Tyree was best known as "Tyler Crowley" a role he played in the Twilight movie.
Source said a white powdery substance was found at the scene, but authorities are yet to confirm.
"He was a person who loved life,
was super positive and the life of the party.
He was one of my funniest friends in LA and made my experience there really memorable.
"I will definitely miss him," the source added.
VIEW ALSO : The Flash actor Logan Williams died of Fentanyl overdose at the age of 16
However, Natalie's family on the other hand while confirming her death, described her as a Loving person who had so much life to live.
Their words were :
Natalie was a loving daughter, niece, sister, cousin, and friend.
"She had so much life to live, and we are saddened that her life was cut short.
"Natalie leaves behind her one and only baby boy, Egypt, her father, two brothers and one sister,
and a host of family and friends who love her dearly.
"She will be dearly missed."
Gregory Tyree Boyce
Gregory Tyree Boyce biography
Natalie Adepoju
Natalie Adepoju biography


text:
Justia Patents Stock Material Or Miscellaneous Articles Patents Product With Molecular Orientation Patents (Class 428/910)
Product With Molecular Orientation Patents (Class 428/910)
Method of increasing film tear strength
Abstract: A method of increasing the tensile strength of polymer films is provided. The creation of the load distribution elements in polymer films necessary to achieve this result is described. Application of the present invention to increase suture retention in a surgical polymer film is also provided.
Assignee: W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
Inventor: Jeffrey C. Towler
Multilayered weatherable film for solar cell
Abstract: Disclosed is a multilayered weatherable film for a solar cell, which has superior elongation change rate, strength change rate and haze and thus is suitable for use in a solar cell, and includes a hard layer having a polyester or copolyester polymer resin and a soft layer having polybutylene terephthalate containing polytetramethylene ether glycol, which are regularly or irregularly laminated in a multilayer form.
Assignee: SKC Co., Ltd.
Inventors: Heyoung Suk Park, Gwan Hyung Lee, Cheon Yong Joo, Soo Hee Kim
Multi-layer high moisture barrier polylactic acid film
Abstract: A laminate film including a first core polylactic acid layer, a coating receiving-layer of polylactic acid, and coated on one side of the coating receiving-layer with PVOH, EVOH, a blend of crosslinked EVOH/PVOH, vinyl alcohol-vinylamine (PVAm) copolymer, anionic carboxylated styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBR) emulsion, or blends thereof. This coating may be applied after the machine-direction orientation step and dried and oriented in a transverse direction orientation oven if in-line coating is desired; or applied to the film in an off-line coating method and dried in an air flotation oven. The dried coating layer can be metallized. This laminate film exhibits excellent gas and moisture barrier properties, appearance, and metal adhesion. It may also optionally include a heat sealable or winding improving layer on the side opposite the coating receiving-layer of the core layer.
Assignee: Toray Plastics (America), Inc.
Inventors: Tracy A. Paolilli, John J. Fitch
Biaxially-oriented polyester film for use as wrap-around container label, and wrap-around container label
Abstract: The invention provides a biaxially-oriented polyester film that comprises a biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film and contains 9000 ppm or less of ethylene terephthalate cyclic trimer, has a molten specific resistance of within 1.0×108?·cm, and at least one surface of the film has a surface resistivity of 13 log ? or less under a relative humidity of 65 %. The invention also provides a wrap-around label for a container produced from the film.
Assignee: Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha
Inventors: Hideki Ito, Masakazu Iwasaki
Sealable biaxially oriented polyester film
Abstract: The invention relates to a sealable, biaxially oriented polyester film comprising a base layer B, a sealable cover layer A, and a non-sealable cover layer C. The invention further relates to a method for producing the film and to the use thereof.
Assignee: Mitsubishi Polyester Film GmbH
Inventors: Matthias Konrad, Bodo Kuhmann, Gottfried Hilkert, Herbert Peiffer
Single- or multilayer, stabilized polyester film
Abstract: The invention relates to a polyester film incorporating at least one UV stabilizer of the formula I, in which R1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, and R2 is a moiety which contains at least one ?-electron system, which contains a carbon atom and at least one further atom selected from carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, where the moiety R2 contains at least one atom different from carbon, where the film includes at least one further UV absorber which does not correspond to the formula I. The invention further relates to a process for producing the film, and also to articles formed from the film.
Inventors: Holger Kliesch, Oliver Klein, Andreas Bork, Ingo Fischer
Method to produce matte and opaque biaxially oriented polylactic acid film
Abstract: A biaxially oriented laminate film including a core layer including a blend of crystalline polylactic acid polymer and an inorganic antiblock particle which is biaxially oriented at low transverse direction orientation temperatures to impart a degree of cavitation around the particles such that a matte or opaque appearance is obtained. The laminate film may further have additional layers such as a heat sealable layer disposed on one side of the core layer including an amorphous polylactic acid resin and/or a polylactic acid resin-containing layer disposed on the side of the core layer opposite the heat sealable layer, a metal layer, or combinations thereof.
Inventors: Mark S. Lee, Harold Egon Koehn, Takeshi Mizumura, Keunsuk P. Chang
Inventors: Mark S. Lee, Harold E. Koehn, Takeshi Mizumura, Keunsuk P. Chang
Micro-porous multi-layer membrane film based on polypropylene for batteries with a cut-off function
Abstract: The invention relates to a biaxially oriented microporous film composed of at least three coextruded layers encompassing an internal cut-off layer and two external layers, wherein all three layers contain a mixture of propylene homopolymer and propylene block copolymer and ?-nucleation agent. The propylene block copolymer I of the external layers has a melting point exceeding 140° C. and the propylene block copolymer II of the internal layer has a melting range starting at a temperature ranging from 50 to 120° C. and the melting point of the propylene block copolymer I is greater than the melting point of the propylene block copolymer II.
Assignee: Treofan Germany GmbH & Co. KG
Inventors: Thilo Mohr, Detlef Busch, Bertram Schmitz, Christian Peters
Interlayer hot compaction
Abstract: A process for the production of a polymeric article comprises: (a) forming a ply having successive layers, namely, (i) a first layer made up of strands of an oriented polymer material; (ii) a second layer of a polymeric material; (iii) a third layer made up of strands of an oriented polymeric material, wherein the second layer has a lower peak melting temperature that of the first and third layers; (b) subjecting the ply to conditions of time, temperature, and pressure sufficient to melt a proportion of the fits layer, to melt the second layer entirely, and to melt a proportion of the third layer, and to compact the ply; and (c) cooling the compacted ply. The resultant articles have good mechanical properties yet may be made at a lower compaction temperature than articles not employing the second layer, leading to a more controllable manufacturing process.
Inventors: Ian MacMillan Ward, Peter John Hine, Keith Norris
Light absorption anisotropic film, polarizing film, process for producing the polarizing film and display device using the polarizing film
Abstract: A light absorption anisotropic film, wherein content of a liquid crystalline non-colorable low molecular weight compound is 30% by mass or less; and which is obtained by fixing the alignment of a dichroic dye composition comprising at least one type of azo-based dichroic dye having nematic liquid crystallinity; and shows a diffraction peak derived from a periodic structure in a direction parallel to the alignment axis on measurement of X-ray diffraction. The light absorption anisotropic film is high in dichroism.
Assignee: Fujifilm Corporation
Inventors: Shinichi Morishima, Nobutaka Iwahashi
Abstract: The present invention is to provide an insulating film having a high breakdown voltage and excellent heat resistance and handling properties. The present invention is a biaxially oriented insulating film which contains (i) a styrene-based polymer having a syndiotactic structure and (ii) particles and which has a refractive index in the thickness direction of 1.6050 to 1.6550.
Assignee: Teijin Limited
Inventors: Shigeyoshi Masuda, Dai Nakagawa, Kinji Hasegawa
Film arrangement
Abstract: A transparent multi-layered film arrangement comprising at least three layers, wherein the film arrangement comprises one layer is made of a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) and a polyglycol as plasticizer, said polyglycol having a molecular weight of between 35,000 and 4,000,000, and at least two outer layers, each of said two outer layers being made of PLA.
Assignee: Huhtamaki Films Germany GmbH & Co. KG
Inventors: Kurt Stark, Karl Mauser, Roland Kelm
High oxygen transmission biaxially oriented film with improved tensile properties
Abstract: A biaxially oriented multilayer film having (a) a polyolefinic core layer containing (i) a thermoplastic material containing an alpha-olefin/polypropylene-containing copolymer, the thermoplastic material being in an amount of about 10% to 70% by weight of the core layer and (ii) an isotactic polypropylene-containing copolymer in an amount of greater than 0% to about 50% by weight of the core layer and (b) a skin layer containing a styrene-butadiene copolymer or a cyclic olefin copolymer is disclosed.
Inventors: Tien-Kuei Su, Keunsuk P. Chang
Matte biaxially oriented polylactic acid film
Abstract: A biaxially oriented laminate film including a core layer including a blend of crystalline polylactic acid polymer and a minority amount of polyolefin with a compatibilizing resin which is biaxially oriented such that a matte or opaque appearance is obtained. The laminate film may further have additional layers such as a heat sealable layer disposed on one side of the core layer including an amorphous polylactic acid resin and/or a polylactic acid resin-containing layer disposed on the side of the core layer opposite the heat sealable layer, a metal layer, or combinations thereof.
Inventor: Mark S. Lee
Split electronic transmission range selection systems and methods
Abstract: An electronic transmission range selection system of a vehicle includes first and second input devices and first and second modules. The first input device is user actuatable to request operation of a transmission in reverse, neutral, and drive. The first module generates first signals based on a first position of the first input device. The second input device is different than the first input device and is user actuatable to request operation of the transmission in park. The second module generates second signals based on a second position of the second input device.
Inventor: Orson S. Wang
Polyethylene films having high resistance to deformation or elgonation
Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing polyethylene films which have high resistance to deformation or elongation under loading in tension. The method comprises orienting in the machine direction (MD) a high density polyethylene film at a drawdown ratio effective to give the film an MD tensile strength at yield greater than or equal to 50,000 psi, wherein the HDPE has a density greater than 0.940 g/cm3.
Assignee: Equistar Chemicals, LP
Inventor: D. Ryan Breese
Manufacturing process for coated polyester film
Abstract: A method of preventing or minimizing the formation of haze in a biaxially oriented polyester film during the annealing of said film above its glass transition temperature, said method comprising: (a) selecting a biaxially oriented polyester film having glass transition temperature (Tg (° C.
Assignee: Dupont Teijin Films U.S. Limited Partnership
Inventors: Robert William Eveson, Andrew Nathan Hodgson, Duncan Henry MacKerron, Katsuyuki Hashimoto
Liquid crystal coating solution, and polarizing film
Abstract: A liquid crystalline coating solution which comprises: an azo compound represented by the following general formula (1); and a solvent to dissolve the azo compound: wherein Q1 is an aryl group which may have any substituent group; Q2 is an arylene group which may have any substituent group; R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an acetyl group, a benzoyl group, or a phenyl group (these groups may have any substituent groups); and M is a counter ion.
Assignee: Nitto Denko Corporation
Inventors: Shoichi Matsuda, Kyoko Nishiguchi, Tadayuki Kameyama
Multi-layered support structure
Abstract: A multi-layered support structure provides ergonomic, adaptable seating support. The multi-layered support structure includes multiple cooperative layers to maximize global comfort and support while enhancing adaptation to localized variations in a load, such as in the load applied when a person sits in a chair. The cooperative layers each include elements such as pixels, springs, support rails, and other elements to provide this adaptable comfort and support. The multi-layered support structure also uses aligned material to provide a flexible yet durable support structure. Accordingly, the multi-layered support structure provides maximum comfort for a wide range of body shapes and sizes.
Assignee: Herman Miller, Inc.
Inventors: Ryan S. Brill, Christopher C. Hill, James D. Slagh, John F. Aldrich, Timothy P. Coffield, Andrew B. Hartmann, Kelly E. Washburn, Michael D. Stanton, Sr.
Optically clear UV and hydrolysis resistant polyester film
Abstract: Biaxially oriented polyester films including polyester polymer, a carbodiimide hydrolysis stabilizer, and a UV absorber are described. The polyester films have a carboxyl end group concentration of 5-20 equivalents per ton, and a haze value of 2% or less. The films exhibit superior transparency and possess stable light transmission characteristics. Methods of making the films and articles produced from the films are also described.
Inventors: Carlos Hinton, Nao Yokota, Hirokazu Tajima, Roberto Siu
Optical film and manufacturing method therefor
Abstract: An optical film which has a hard coat layer provided on one side of a film substrate, comprising: a curl value smaller than 0, which has been measured after the film substrate of a manufactured optical film has been cut out into a size of 35 mm in a width direction and 2 mm in a longitudinal direction and has been placed under an environment with a temperature of 25° C. and a relative humidity of 65% for 1 hour, when the curl value is defined to be plus when the surface which shall be defined to be the hard coat layer side curls inward and is defined to be minus when the surface curls outward; and a curl value larger than 0, which has been measured after the film substrate has been cut out into a size of 2 mm in the width direction and 35 mm in the longitudinal direction and has been placed under an environment with a temperature of 25° C. and a relative humidity of 65% for 1 hour.
Inventors: Mikio Tomaru, Takao Taguchi
Biaxially oriented polyester film and magnetic recording medium
Abstract: [Problem to be solved] To provide a biaxially oriented polyester film, which suffers only small dimensional changes due to changes in environmental temperature and humidity and due to storage, ensures low error rates, and can little abrade the magnetic head and the magnetic tape, when used as a base film of a magnetic recording medium, and which can be used to provide a high density magnetic recording medium excellent in running durability. [Solution] A biaxially oriented polyester film having an islands-in-sea structure, an average island domain size of 30 to 200 nm, and a coefficient of hygroscopic expansion of 0 to 6.0 ppm/% RH at least either in the machine direction or in the transverse direction of the film.
Inventors: Hideto Mitsuoka, Takuji Higashioji, Masato Horie, Yukari Nakamori
Laminated polyester film and solar panel made thereof
Abstract: This invention discloses a laminated film comprising two thermoplastic polyester outer layers of identical polytrimethylene terephthalates, different polytrimethylene terephthalates, identical blends of polytrimethylene terephthalate or different blends of polytrimethylene terephthalate and a middle layer selected from a metal foil, polyethylene-vinyl acetate, and a thermoplastic polymer comprising thermoplastic polyester different from the thermoplastic polyester of the two outer layers, wherein the middle layer is laminated between the two outer layers. This invention also discloses a solar panel comprising a back sheet made of the laminated film.
Assignee: E I du Pont de Nemours and Company
Inventors: Ruofei Zhao, Guangjun Yin, Changming Ye
Coated articles
Abstract: A coated article includes a substrate having on its surface a coating that includes a polymer selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropylcellulose, poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and mixtures of these, a surfactant, colloidal silica, and a crosslinker selected from the group consisting of water-soluble titanium salts and water-soluble or water-dispersible organic crosslinkers. The coating may be formed by applying a dispersion of the coating composition in a diluent to the substrate and subsequently drying the coated substrate to evaporate the diluent.
Inventors: Chen Zhao, David Volsin, Cornell Chappell, Jr.
Thermo-shrinkable polyester film
Abstract: Disclosed is a thermo-shrinkable polyester film having superior thermal shrinkage properties. The thermo-shrinkable polyester film has a strength of 3.5˜6.5 kg/mm2 in a direction perpendicular to a main shrinking direction at an initial elongation less than 10%, an elongation at rupture of 50˜700% in a direction perpendicular to a main shrinking direction, a thickness uniformity (?R) of 4 or less and a shrinkage ratio of 5% or less in a direction perpendicular to a main shrinking direction, thus preventing the rupture thereof in a rolling process and so on and ensuring process stability and productivity.
Inventors: Yun Jo Kim, Chan Seok Yoon, Si Min Kim
White film and backlight using same
Abstract: A white film including polymer film wherein both the thermal shrinkage rate in the longitudinal direction and that in the transverse direction of the film are not less than ?0.2% and not more than 0.5% at 90° C., and a backlight for liquid crystal displays using such a white film. Since the white film hardly suffers from undulation or rise in its end portions, it is most suitable as a reflection film for backlights of liquid crystal displays. Since a backlight for liquid crystal displays using this white film can be used for a long time, it is applicable to liquid crystal displays of various electrical/electronic devices.
Inventors: Tomoko Kanaya, Tadami Matsuyama, Yoshihiko Sakaguchi, Osamu Watanabe
Optical compensation film and retardation film
Abstract: To provide a retardation film and an optical compensation film which have excellent optical properties and are useful as a compensation film for compensating the contrast and viewing-angle characteristics of liquid-crystal displays and as an antireflection film.
Assignee: Tosoh Corporation
Inventors: Toru Doi, Shinji Shimosato, Naoto Obara
Liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method therefor
Abstract: The liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal panel in which liquid crystal is held in a cell between a first substrate and second substrate opposed to each other, an illumination device which is placed on a side of the first substrate of the liquid crystal panel; a polarization layer containing a dichroic dye that has lyotropic liquid crystal properties which is formed by application on a surface of the first substrate of the liquid crystal panel that is opposite from the liquid crystal; and a condenser lens which condenses light from the illumination device to an interior of the cell, and/or a resin layer which protects the polarization layer, which are disposed on a top surface of the polarization layer.
Assignees: Hitachi Displays, Ltd., Panasonic Liquid Crystal Display Co., Ltd.
Inventors: Atsushi Kishioka, Shinji Sekiguchi
Biaxially oriented polyester film for automobile driving motors, and electrically insulating member therefrom
Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a biaxially oriented polyester film for automobile driving motors, which has, in addition to high-temperature dimensional stability, high hydrolysis resistance required for an insulating film of an automobile driving motor, and also exhibits excellent delamination characteristics.
Assignee: Teijin Dupont Films Japan Limtied
Inventor: Mitsuo Tojo
Heat-shrinkable polyester film
Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat-shrinkable polyester film, which has a heat-shrinkage of 20% or more in both the longitudinal and transverse directions when treated with 80° C. water for 30 seconds and a bidirectional balance parameter in the range of 0.25 to 2.5 and exhibits an excellent properties in die-cutting and removing from a container such as a glass bottle for recycling by washing with hot water.
Assignee: SKC Co., Ltd
Inventors: Tae-Byoung Oh, Tae-Hyoung Jung, Nam Ill Kim
Heat-shrinkable polyester film and preparation method thereof
Abstract: A heat-shrinkable polyester film having a thermal shrinkage ratio of 15% or more in the longitudinal direction when treated at 100° C. for 10 seconds, a tensile strength at rupture in the longitudinal direction of 7 kgf/mm2 or more, and a difference between elongations at the hardening and yield points in the longitudinal direction of 15% or more exhibits superior properties, such as high tensile strength and crack-resistance in the longitudinal direction, suitable for labeling or shrink-wrapping containers.
Inventors: Seong-Do Kim, Taehoung Jeong, Tae-Byoung Oh
Multilayer sealant film
Abstract: A multilayer film suitable for sealing containers such as used for food packaging, and methods of making the film, are described. The film is particularly suitable for sealing containers made from polylactic acid (PLA). The multilayer film includes a) a substrate that includes a polymeric base layer; and b) on the substrate, a heatseal layer containing a PLA homopolymer or copolymer. The heatseal layer further includes dispersed therein an adhesion promoter, or alternatively the substrate further includes the adhesion promoter in a layer on a surface of the polymeric base layer between and adjacent the base layer and the heatseal layer. An antifog agent may also be included in the heatseal layer or on the surface of the heatseal layer opposite the substrate.
Inventor: Fenghua Deng
Coated polymeric substrates having improved surface smoothness suitable for use in flexible electronic and opto-electronic devices
Abstract: A method of manufacture of a coated polymeric film which comprises performing in sequence the steps of: (i) forming a substrate layer comprising poly(ethylene naphthalate) having a thickness in a range from 50 ?m to 250 ?m; (ii) stretching the substrate layer in at least one direction; (iii) heat-setting the substrate layer under dimensional restraint at a tension in the range of about 19 to about 75 kg/m of film width, at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the poly(ethylene naphthalate) but below the melting temperature thereof; (iv) heat-stabilizing the substrate layer under a tension of less than 5 kg/m of film width, and at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the poly(ethylene naphthalate) but below the melting temperature thereof; and (v) disposing a coating layer on a surface of the substrate layer by a process comprising applying a planarizing coating composition thereto such that a surface of said coating layer exhibits an Ra value of less than 0.
Inventors: Julian Neal Robinson, Robert William Eveson, Karl Rakos
Method of controlling orientation of domains in block copolymer films
Abstract: A method of orienting microphase-separated domains is disclosed, comprising applying a composition comprising an orientation control component, and a block copolymer assembly component comprising a block copolymer having at least two microphase-separated domains in which the orientation control component is substantially immiscible with the block copolymer assembly component upon forming a film; and forming a compositionally vertically segregated film on the surface of the substrate from the composition. The orientation control component and block copolymer segregate during film forming to form the compositionally vertically-segregated film on the surface of a substrate, where the orientation control component is enriched adjacent to the surface of the compositionally segregated film adjacent to the surface of the substrate, and the block copolymer assembly is enriched at an air-surface interface.
Inventors: Joy Cheng, Ho-Cheol Kim, Daniel P. Sanders, Linda Sundberg
Biaxial oriented polyester film and a process for preparing the same
Abstract: The present invention relates to a biaxial oriented polyester film and process for preparing the same, the said film is having an average ellipticity of not more than 0.6, Poisson ratio of not more than 0.7 (at elongation greater than 25%) all along the width of web and residual enthalpy in the range of 12% to 20%, a continuous reduction in residual film area up to an elongation of 100%.
Assignee: Polyplex Corporation Limited
Inventors: Bidhan Krushna Mohanty, Krishna Reddy
Thermoformable, heat-sealable and heat-shrinkable multilayer film and method of using the film for producing packaging trays and packages
Abstract: Sealable, thermoformable, heat-shrinkable multi-layer film having a symmetrical construction around a two-ply inner layer, and having a heat shrinkability in machine direction and in cross direction of in each case at least 20% at 93° C., the heat-shrinkability being substantially unaffected by thermoforming, and use thereof with specially equipped packaging machines.
Assignee: CFS Kempten GmbH
Inventors: Walter Bernig, Phillip Hartmann, Bernard Dujardin
Polyethylene films with improved physical properties
Abstract: Metallocene catalyzed polyethylenes are found to have improved physical properties, improved processability and improved balance of properties. Surprisingly, there is a direct relationship between MD shrinkage, and MD tear. Additionally, MD tear is greater than TD tear, and MD tear is also greater than intrinsic tear. MD tear to TD tear ratios are above 0.9, and dart drop impact is above 500 g/mil. The polyethylenes have a relatively broad composition distribution and relatively broad molecular weight distribution.
Assignee: Univation Technologies, LLC
Inventors: James McLeod Farley, John F. Szul, Matthew Gary McKee
Heat-shrinkable cylindrical label, use thereof, manufacturing method thereof, and cylindrical model surface height measurement method
Abstract: A label of the present invention is characterized by a three-dimensional design image printed theron on the basis of two-dimensional image data obtained by three-dimensionally correcting at least one data selected from two dimensional data (X,Y) and color data (R,G,B) to two-dimensionally convert height data (Z) among three-dimensional data (X,Y,Z) and the color data (R,G,B) obtained by actually measuring a surface of a three-dimensional model. Such a label can be provided with printed images giving three-dimensional impressions close to the three-dimensional model (real model).
Assignee: Fuji Seal International, Inc.
Inventor: Masaaki Fujio
Structure for recording medium
Abstract: A structure includes a substrate, a first layer formed on the substrate, and a second layer formed on the first layer. The first layer is comprised of self-assembled monolayer and contains 4-(6-hydroxyhexyloxy)-4?-methoxybiphenyl. The second layer is obtained by micro-phase separation of a block copolymer containing a hydrophilic polymer comprised of polyethylene oxide and a hydrophobic polymer comprised of polymethacrylic acid containing azobenzene at the side chain. The second layer contains a cylinder phase with its long axis being oriented perpendicular to the substrate. The thickness T of the second layer is within a range of A?T?50 nm, where A is a phase separation period length satisfying 5 nm?A?50 nm.
Inventors: Ryosuke Yamamoto, Hiroki Tanaka, Naoko Kihara, Toshiro Hiraoka
Biaxially oriented film
Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a thin biaxially oriented film excellent in dimensional stability against humidity change, as well as a magnetic recording medium and a film capacitor using the same. The present invention provides a single layered or laminated biaxially oriented film comprising an aromatic polyester (a) and a polyolefin (b) having a melting point of from 230 to 280° C., wherein the ratio of the polyolefin (b) is from 5 to 30% based on the entire weight of the film, and the film thickness is from 1 to 10 ?m.
Assignee: Teijin Dupont Films Japan Limited
Inventors: Tetsuo Yoshida, Katsuyuki Hashimoto, Ieyasu Kobayashi, Shinji Muro, Takeshi Ishida
Polyphenylene sulfide-based heat-shrinkable tube and component covered with the tube
Abstract: The present invention provides a heat-shrinkable polyphenylene sulfide-based tube containing a resin composition (A) including a thermoplastic polyphenylene sulfide-based resin (a) as a main constituent, having a difference of 35° C. or more between the cold crystallization temperature Tc as measured by a differential scanning calorimetry in accordance with JIS-K7121 and the glass transition temperature Tg measured in the same manner, and having the glass transition temperature Tg between 65° C. and 85° C.; and the invention provides a component covered with the tube. The heat-shrinkable polyphenylene sulfide-based tube fulfills the characteristics required for a heat-shrinkable tube, such as heat resistance, low-temperature shrinkage characteristics, electrical characteristics, chemical resistance, and electrolytic solution resistance.
Assignee: Mitsubishi Plastics, Inc.
Inventors: Motoi Yamashita, Hidetaka Arai, Kouichirou Taniguchi, Asami Kitajima
Biaxially oriented polyester film for molded part
Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyester film is provided, in particular, a biaxially oriented polyester film for molded part capable of being used suitably as a metallic molded part processed after metal deposition on a film surface and a surface protection film in forming a decorative sheet. Provided is a biaxially oriented polyester film for molded part, which is a polyester film that at least two layers of A layer composed of polyester A and B layer composed of polyester B are laminated, wherein interlayer adhesion between A layer and B layer is 5 (N/15 mm) or more, and stress at 100% elongation (F100 value, unit: MPa) at 200° C. and 150° C. in the longitudinal direction and transverse direction of a film is 1 to 50.
Inventors: Isao Manabe, Ryosuke Matsui, Masahiro Kimura
Carrier film for fuel cell production process and its production method
Abstract: To provide a carrier film for a fuel cell production process which is excellent in a recycling property and sufficient handling property in the fuel cell production process. A carrier film for a fuel cell production process, which is made of a fluororesin and has a tensile elastic modulus of at least 1,500 MPa in the machine direction, as measured in accordance with ASTM D882, and a tensile modulus of at least 100 MPa in the machine direction at 150° C., and which preferably has a thickness of from 10 to 300 ?m.
Assignee: Asahi Glass Company, Limited
Inventors: Yasumasa Yukawa, Tamao Okuya
Abstract: A composite film comprising a heat-stabilised, heat-set, oriented poly(ethylene naphthalate) substrate, and a coating layer having a surface; wherein said substrate exhibits one or more of: (i) a shrinkage at 30 mins at 230° C. of less than 1%; and/or (ii) a residual dimensional change ?Lr measured at 25° C. before and after heating the substrate from 8° C. to 200° C. and then cooling to 8° C., of less than 0.75% of the original dimension; and/or (iii) a coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) within the temperature range from ?40° C. to +100° C. of less than 40×10?6/° C.; and wherein the surface of said coating layer exhibits an Ra value of less than 0.6 nm, and/or an Rq value of less than 0.8 nm, the thickness of the substrate is between 50 and 250 ?m and wherein the number of surface peaks in the range 300 to 600 nm per 5 cm2 area (N(300-600)) of the film is less than 50.
Easy adhesion film
Abstract: Disclosed is an easy adhesion film which attains sufficient adhesiveness in various processings without using any crosslinking agent such as a melamine resin to possibly pollute the environment and has a primer layer excellent in high-temperature hot water resistance. In the easy adhesion film, a coating film including a polyester resin and a crosslinking agent component in a content of 0.1% by mass or less, inclusive of 0% by mass, is formed on at least one side of a substrate film. The sum of the acid number and the hydroxyl number of the polyester resin is 50 to 200 mg KOH/g, wherein the acid number is 20 to 60 mg KOH/g and the hydroxyl number is 30 to 150 mg KOH/g. The amount of the oligomers contained in the polyester is 2.0% by mass or less. The thickness of the coating film is 0.001 to 0.5 ?m.
Inventors: Takayoshi Okuzu, Hideki Kuwata
Method and apparatus for manufacturing a transversely oriented film of thermoplastic polymer material and products obtainable by the same method
Abstract: A method of manufacturing an oriented film of thermoplastic polymer material comprises extrusion of a film in tubular form from an extrusion die, orienting the film in a main direction of orientation during the haul-off from the die while in molten or semi-molten state, the direction being at an angle between 0 and 45-to the axis of the tube, followed by cutting of the tube at an angle to its main degree of orientation to form a web having an orientation of no less than 20 to its longitudinal direction, which method involves segmental stretching of the film to form an array of linear bosses (1), being of thicker material, integrally connected by thinner webs (2), said bosses and webs extending in a direction which is generally parallel with the direction of orientation, forming an acute angle to the longitudinal direction of the web, the method involving, after segmental stretching and cutting, shearing of the bosses along one another under re-orientation in the connecting webs, to increase the angle at which
Inventor: Ole-Bendt Rasmussen
Biaxially stretched polyamide resin film, and process for production thereof
Abstract: At an optional stage in the production step of a biaxially stretched film using a polyamide resin including, as a first component, nylon 6, and as a second component, a polyamide including xylylenediamine and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, the film is brought into contact with water set at 40° C. or higher and lower than 70° C. for 1 to 10 minutes and further with water set at 70° C. or higher for 1 to 10 minutes. In the film thus obtained, the content of low molecular weight compounds is 0% by mass to 0.2% by mass.
Inventors: Kiwamu Yuki, Makoto Nakai, Atsuko Noda


This week we're slipping, sliding and cannoning from the past to the future with hip hop-soul group Normanton Street (pictured), we enjoy soulful cuts from Oshun and Jess Connelly, chase down 120+ BPMs with Princess Slayer, and celebrate the return of Dutch hip hop artist Pete Philly.
Since we discovered Normanton Street, we've been nodding along to their music at every opportunity – if you haven't heard the infectious 'Angelene' go listen to it right away. Jazzy, hip hop-soul is this Brighton group's ethos. Driven by the sound of live instruments, their unique blend of male-female vocals brings the atmosphere of the streets straight to your synapses. That's true of '2014', a story about their journey so far and the all-important question: "where do we go from here?" Don't sleep on Nicholson, Ned and Phoebe: give this track, and their recently released Long Road EP, a listen.
Sisters Thandiwe and Niambi Sala are Oshun: a hip hop, neo-soul duo from Washington, DC. In 2015, the sisters released the phenomenal mixtape Asase Yaa, which, among other things, showed the sister's embedding Yoruba culture in their art and capturing the imagination of listeners with their messages about peace, love, womanhood and blackness. The sisters recently released their debut album, Bittersweet Vol 1. The sensual, Jill Scott-esque 'My World' is one of our favourites. It features gorgeous vocals from the sisters and guest singer, Jorja Smith, over a daringly simply, yet terrifically smooth, groove.
Bridging the gap between UK garage and drum and bass are Princess Slayer. The Surrey group – led by Casey Lim (vocals and lyrics) and Vince Welch (beats and productions) – meld bright vocal hooks with frequently rapid BPMs in a style that exists somewhere between Groove Armada, Massive Attack and Noisia. 'At the Harbour' is the fourth single they've released in the lead up to their forthcoming full-length project in December. Starting slowly at first, electronic keyboard tones gradually become a rush of energy, Lim vocals weaving in and out as it intensifies. Just awesome. One for your fitness and gaming playlists.
We're still hooked on the latest single from Manila R&B singer Jess Connelly. Produced by her long-time collaborator, Crwn, 'Mine' is a smooth and seductive R&B song, which lovers of Jhené Aiko or Jorja Smith will adore.


Unbreakable and made from 16mm ribbed polycarbonate for extra heat retardation.
Chain opens to 45 degrees with either knuckle and pole, or no pole and a reachable winder handle.
Retractable skylight blind with dual fly screen can be fitted into throat upon request.
Can be made in all sizes and made in any of the Lysaght color range.