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IOOF Holdings Limited (ASX: IFL) is a financial services company operating in Australia. It offers its clients financial advice via an extensive network of financial advisers and stockbrokers, portfolio management and administration to employers, as well as other investment management products to suit a variety of investor's needs.
On April 10th, 2019, IOOF Holdings announced to the market that its subsidiary, Bridges Financial Services Group Pty Ltd, had established a strategic partnership with Bendigo and Adelaide Bank Ltd, concerning the advice servicing rights of the clients of Bendigo Financial Planning Ltd (Bendigo FP). Upon completion of due diligence and other formalities, the agreement will be officially signed on July 31st, 2019.
Accordingly, Bridges would be acquiring the client book and servicing rights of Bendigo FP for a cash consideration of around $ 3 million, and an additional payment to be paid on the first anniversary of completion of the transaction, subject to maintaining a client retention rate as discussed.
Also, Bridges and Bendigo have executed another referral and relationship agreement that requires Bridges to provide financial planning services to Bendigo's referred clients for an exclusive period. Bendigo FP advisers are anticipated to add approximately $ 1-billion funds under advice and also drive the increase in sales.
Currently, Joint Bridges and Bendigo working groups are underway to plan and implement a smooth transition of clients and staff to Bridges.
On April 4th, 2019, IOOF Holdings also announced some management changes including the appointment of Mr. Allan Griffiths as the independent, Non-Executive Chairman, and departure of the Managing Director, Chris Kelaher, both effective immediately. Mr. Griffiths had been the Acting Chairman since early December 2018 and holds over 30 years of experience in the financial services industry.
IOOF Holdings also announced, on February 19th, 2019, a fully franked dividend of AUD 0.255 with the record date of Wednesday, February 27th, 2019 and payment date of Friday, March 15th, 2019 with respect to the half-year ended December 31st, 2018.
The company delivered solid financial results amidst a difficult first half year ended December 31st, 2018, IOOF posting the statutory net profit after tax (NPAT) at $ 135.4 million, up 200% on the prior corresponding period (PCP) ended December 31st, 2017. The underlying NPAT from continuing operations stood at $ 100.1 million, up 6% on PCP. Besides, the net platform inflows increased by 12% to $ 688 million, and the cost to income ratio also improved by 2% to 52.4%.
During the second quarter of the financial year 2019 ended December 31st, 2018, IOOF witnessed an increase of over 10% in funds under management, administration, and advice (FUMA). The total FUMA at the end of the period were $ 137.8 billion mainly driven by the rise in platform inflows.
On April 11th, 2019, the IFL stock price closed at AUD 6.420, down 0.156%. IFL's YTD return stands positive at 27.83%.


We created this article to give you a quick introduction to the worldwide famous Biennale di Venezia, or Venice Biennale, as well as some information to best enjoy it. Ready? Let's start!
What is the Venice Biennale?
The easy answer would be that the Venice Biennale is a large-scale international contemporary art exhibition. At least, so it is mainly known.
When speaking about the Venice Biennale, however, it is necessary to set apart the Foundation from the Exhibition(s).
Venice Biennale, Biennale di Venezia in Italian, referred both to an arts organization based in Venice and to an international biennial exhibition of contemporary visual Art the organization presented.
To avoid confusion, in 2009 the organization changed its name to Biennale Foundation and the exhibition's title to Art Biennale, Biennale d'Arte in Italian.
The Art Biennale in Venice is the first and the most important exhibition the organization presented, but the foundation organizes several more events.
Today, in fact, the Biennale Foundation organizes the Art Biennale in Venice, the Architecture Biennale in Venice, the Cinema Biennale in Venice, the Dance Biennale in Venice, the Music Biennale in Venice, and the Theatre Biennale in Venice.
The three most famous Venice Biennale are the Art Biennale, the Architecture Biennale (since 1980), and the Biennale Cinema (since 1932).
Why is the Venice Biennale so famous?
The Venice Biennale is famous worldwide because it is the first and original Biennale. All other biennial exhibitions in the world have been modeled on Venice Biennale. It is widely considered as the most prestigious Biennale exhibition.
How many people visit Venice Biennale every year?
Lately, each year, over 500,000 visitors have come to visit the Venice Biennale.
The first Venice Biennale, known as "Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte della Città di Venezia," was opened on April 30, 1895, by the Italian King and Queen themselves, and attended by over 220.000 visitors.
Already at the beginning of the 20th Century, the Venice Biennale became increasingly popular and international, soon leading to the creation of permanent national pavilions.
The first National Pavilion at the Venice Biennale was created for Belgium by Leon Sneyers in 1907. By 1914, six more nations had been established permanently: Hungary, Germany, and Great Britain in 1909, France in 1912, and Russia in 1914.
Except for some rare exceptions, the international exhibition has been held every 2 years since its creation. From 1916 to 1918, and later from 1943 to 1946, however, the Venice Biennale was canceled because of the two World Wars.
In 1920, the first independent Venice Biennale President was appointed. Until then, this role was played by the Mayor of Venice.
In 1930, the Venice Biennale was transformed into an autonomous board, and in 1931 its control passed from the Venice City Council to that of the national Fascist government under Mussolini.
This change brought increased funds and led to the creations of new events such as the Music Biennale in 1930, the Biennale Venice Film Festival in 1932, and the Theatre Biennale in 1934, taking on the multidisciplinary character that the Venice Biennale has to this day.
After WWII, the Venice Biennale renewed its attention to avant-garde movements, introducing to a broader public abstract expressionism and Pop Art, as well as classical Japanese Noh theatre shows and Indian cinema.
Although Architecture works and Dance shows existed before as part of the Venice Biennale, the Foundation created the Venice Biennale dedicated to Architecture in 1980 and the one devoted to Dance in 2003.
On which year is the Venice Biennale?
Despite the name Biennale, which in Italian means biennial, only the Art Biennale and the Architecture Biennale are held every two years. The Venice Film Festival, the Theatre Biennale, the Music Biennale, and the Dance Biennale are held every year.
How long does the Venice Biennale last?
The Art Biennale and the Architecture Biennale in Venice are the two exhibitions which last the longest: over 6 months!
The Venice Film Festival, the Theatre Biennale, the Music Biennale, and the Dance Biennale last from 10 days to 2 weeks.
The dates of the Art and the Architecture Biennale in Venice can change every year. In general, the Art or Architecture Biennale starts in May and ends at the end of November.
Similarly to these leading evens, the dates of the other Biennale in Venice can vary from year to year.
The Dance Biennale usually starts in the last week of June and ends the first days of July. It is then 'followed' by the Theatre Biennale which tends to begin the last week of July and ends the second week of August.
The world famous Venice Film Festival, on its hand, typically starts in the last days of August and ends the second week of September.
The last of these "yearly Biennale" is the Music Biennale which starts the last days of September and ends the second week of October.
When is the best moment to come see the Venice Biennale?
Since the Architecture and Art Biennale in Venice last over 6 months, it is possible to carefully plan when to come to Venice and check out the exhibition.
If you're flexible and can decide when to travel, we would recommend coming either before mid-June or after mid-September. In fact, between June and August the temperatures in Venice tend to be high, the days very humid, and the city to be very crowded.
On the contrary, before mid-June, and after mid-September Venice is not as crowded and the days are not as hot and humid, making it possible to enjoy both the Venice Biennale and Venice much more!
Where in Venice is the Venice Biennale?
The main exhibition areas of the Venice Biennale are at the "Giardini" and at the "Arsenale," two spaces slightly off the most beaten path, except for exhibition-goers, obviously. There are also many works hosted in Palazzos spread around the city and on some islands of the Venetian Lagoon.
The Giardini, a park on the eastern edge of Venice, is the traditional site of the Venice Biennale since its first edition in 1895.
The Venice Biennale was initially held at the "Palazzo dell'Esposizione" which is where the Central Pavilion is located today. The growing success of the Venice Biennale led to the construction of permanent National Pavilions in this area, the first of which was built by Belgium in 1907.
Today, the Central Pavilion has become a multifunctional structure of 3,500 square meters, and the area around it counts 29 National Pavilions. The pavilions are the property of the individual countries and are managed by their Ministries of Culture.
Belgium, Hungary, Germany, Great Britain, France, Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Czech Republic and Slovak Republic, United States of America, Denmark, Venice , Austria, Greece, Israel, Switzerland, Venezuela, Japan, Finland, Canada, Uruguay, Nordic Countries: Sweden, Norway, Finland, Brazil, Australia, Korea.
The Arsenale, which once was the largest production center in the pre-industrial era employing up to 2,000 workers a day, is located on the North-East of Venice.
In 1980, the Arsenale opened the 'Corderie dell'Arsenale' and the 'Magazzini del Sale' which became the exhibition sites of the 1st International Architecture Exhibition of the Venice Biennale.
Since then, the Arsenale is also used for the Art Biennale.
Today, the Arsenale hosts the Venice Biennale Pavilions of 23 Nations: Albania, Argentina, Chile, People's Republic of China, Croatia, United Arab Emirates, Philippines, Georgia, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Republic of Kosovo, Latvia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, Republic of Slovenia, Republic of South Africa, Tunisia e Turkey.
Where are the pavilions of those Nations that aren't at Giardini nor at Arsenale?
The countries not owning a pavilion in the Giardini nor at the Arsenale are exhibited in Palazzos across Venice as well as on islands of the Venetian Lagoon.
Since the locations can change every year, it is important to look on the Biennale website for information on the whereabouts of non-permanent pavilions!
Does the Venice Biennale have a theme?
Yes, since 1973 the Art Biennale of Venice has a theme. The Architecture Biennale of Venice also has a theme since its creation in 1980.
What is the theme of the current or coming Venice Biennale?
The theme of the Venice Art Biennale 2019 is "May You Live in Interesting Times," and is curated by Ralph Rugoff.
What are the opening days and hours of the Venice Biennale?
The Venice Biennale is closed on Mondays.
In 2019, however, it will be open also on 3 Mondays: the 13th of May, the 2nd of September, and on the 18th of November.
How much does a ticket for the Venice Biennale cost?
A one-entry ticket for the Art or the Architecture Biennale in Venice costs 25 euros .
One such ticket gives access both to the Giardini area and the Arsenale area. This ticket allows you to access each location only once. The sites, however, can be visited on different and non-consecutive days.
Exhibitions in Palazzos across the city and on the islands of the Lagoon have free entry.
Week cards, permanent passes, and "Biennale Cards" are also available, and can be purchased at the Venice Biennale entrance.
Are there any discounted tickets for the Venice Biennale?
Discounted tickets for the Venice Biennale are available for Students.
A small discount is also available for early-bird online purchases.
Where can I buy tickets for the Venice Biennale?
One week cards and permanent passes are also available, but can only be bought at the Biennale entrance, as they require a copy of your personal ID.
Curiosity: Venezia Autentica at the Venice Biennale!
We have had the privileged to take an active part to the Venice Biennale 2018 by speaking at "Redesigning Tourism, an event organized by the U.S. Pavilion "Dimension of Citizenship," for the Architecture Biennale 2018.
The objective of FREESPACE, the theme of the Architecture Biennale 2018, was to represent a generosity of spirit and a sense of humanity at the core of architecture's agenda.
The curators of the 2018 U.S. Pavilion, Niall Atkinson, Ann Lui, and Mimi Zeiger, answered the call through "Dimensions of Citizenship" a framework created "through a series of essays digging into the meaning of citizenship and broadly position citizenship as a critical global topic helping architects and designers to envision what it means to be a citizen today".
We were pleased to participate to the conversation around the "Dimensions of Citizenship" by taking part to the "Redesigning Tourism" conference and debate and presenting the work we do with our social business, Venezia Autentica, to make tourism a motor of local development.
We believe we provided you with all the information you need to best plan your visit for the next Venice Biennale.
What is left now for you to do is to book your flight to Venice, get your Biennale ticket, and discover what's new in the coming Venice Biennale!
Remember to set aside enough time to enjoy Venice. Below are a few tips and tools to get you started!


Have you ever longed to make your space appear cosier and more intimate? What about your daily agonising over that awful pipework, or the many electrical cables that so prominently run along your walls and ceilings? Or maybe you secretly wish that your home would look much more spacious than it currently does? Not to mention your procrastinated decision about that badly needed focal point that is so obviously missing, but that you never came around adding?
If you answered any of these questions with a strained "Yes, but … ", you are probably not alone. Renovations can be expensive and time consuming. They often mean a lot of hassle – something that can put off even the most committed design freak. This said, even purchasing a new piece of furniture may appear to be a tall order for some. What would you do with the old piece? You can't throw it away as it's still functional, can you? And then, would you be able to find something new to replace it that both you and your significant other would like and that's in your budget? Hell no!
Well, what about a simple, cheap, but highly effective remedy to all those concerns? Sounds like magic? Not necessarily… (though a Harry Potter-esque ceiling would certainly be nice!) Indeed, it can be as simple as applying the right colour.
As the original draft of this post got quite long … (again!) … I have opted for splitting it up into two parts which we will post within a week or so of each other. The first part discusses "colour tricks" 1 and 2, the second one presents 3 and 4.
The room design below (Fig 1) was inspired by a Minotti advertisement. In the original, the colours were very different (they used a neutral colour scheme, sticking to grey in all its beautiful variations). What I tried to do here is to show how colour can turn a room from something that resembles an icebox into an inviting, cozy space.
I changed the colour of the soft furnishings from blue to orange/red – a warm color (Fig 2). The carpet's hue also moved into the warmer spectrum of the colour wheel. Finally, I "changed the light bulb" of the floor lamp. Instead of emanating a rather futuristic, cold blue light, it became a warm, yellowish light source. Done!
So instead of throwing out your beloved and oh-so-comfortable sofa with the bathwater, refurbishing it with fabric in a warmer colour and taking out that fluorescent light bulb and replacing it with one that has a softer, yellowish glow aught to suffice.
Alternatively, you can, of course, also change the colour of your walls. If they are currently green or blue … by now you may have an inkling of why it may be making you feel uncomfortable in your space. Even if the blue and green is not obvious, please note that walls painted in a grey with a bluish undertone or white with a cool tint may also contribute to a less intimate atmosphere.
In Fig 3. I have drawn a small bedroom. The black wall at the end of the space and the fairly dark wood paneling to the right and left make the room appear cozy, but smaller than it actually is, as walls and ceiling seem to advance towards the viewer. In other words, the black wall at the end visually "shortens" the room. To a lesser extent, the dark wood paneling on ceiling and walls also "shrink" the room as they visually pull the walls in and the ceiling lower. What to do?
Dark colours advance, pale colours retreat.
Warm colours (red, orange) advance, cool colours (blue, green) retreat.
Fig 3: The dark ceiling and walls make this room appear even smaller than it actually is. Comfy, but tiny.
So, how does that help us with our bedroom? Applying the above-mentioned rules, I simply rendered the same space in white.
The same bedroom appears now much bigger and airier (Fig 4). Granted, whether this is a good feature for a bedroom is a matter of preference and taste (I personally prefer the darker, cosier version here), but the colour change definitely did the trick and opened up the space.
Fig 4: The same small bedroom – in white: it now appears airy and relatively spacious.
How color can camouflage or mitigate a room's ugly features or can help create a focal point and thus center a room will be discussed in the second part of this post. Stay tuned.


The Okavango Delta may be known for its crystal clear channels, and open lagoons, but there is a surprising amount of land available, offering a home to elephant, lion, leopard, wild dog, and various species of antelope including the rare sitatunga, and iconic lechwe.
The waters abound with a variety of fish species, such as bream and catfish, eagerly preyed upon by a good number of Nile Crocodile. Hippo numbers are good, and pods of these huge creatures enjoy their territorial rights in the lagoons.
The tiny reed frog is often seen on the Okavango's lilies or clinging to reeds and papyrus. Then there are birds, with over 400 species being represented, including a good number of migrants, which visit from November to March on an annual basis. The sights and sounds of the Delta make for highlight of any Safari to Botswana.


It's the middle of the wedding season and I was asked by my cousin, who is a cake designer in Bunbury, to create some wedding themed bunting for a wedding expo she was going to.
I made three different options for her to show her customers and reminded her that since everything I make is made from scratch, it is fully customiable!
That's the wonderful thing about handmade – it's created just for you. Have a name with unusual spelling – no problems, want a specific saying – easy done, need it match your colour theme – totally possible!
Simple & elegant "Mr & Mrs" banner using the Pennant Builder Punch, Skinny Mini Alphabet & heart punch from Itty Bitty Accents.
Classic love birds with a kissing heart! Made using the Bird Builder Punch, Your Perfect Day Stamp Set & heart from the Owl Builder Punch.
And the final one is my favourite – "Just Married" using the Tree punch, Little Letters Thinlits, and Linen Thread. The 'scrunchy' flowers were made using the brown paper SU! use for packing orders, coloured with Bermuda Bay ink and cut with the 1-1/4″ scallop circle punch.
‹ PreviousLolly Jar: gifts are so much more wonderful in a jar!


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import { EditorEvent } from 'tinymce/core/api/util/EventDispatcher';
import { AutocompleterEventArgs, AutocompleteLookupData } from 'tinymce/core/autocomplete/AutocompleteTypes';

describe('browser.tinymce.core.keyboard.AutocompleterTest', () => {
  const plusTriggerChar = '+';
  const dollarsTriggerChar = '$';
  // This matches the throttle time used in Autocompleter.ts
  const keyboardThrottleTimer = 50;

  const hook = TinyHooks.bddSetupLight<Editor>({
    base_url: '/project/tinymce/js/tinymce',
    setup: (ed: Editor) => {
      const onAction = (autocompleteApi: InlineContent.AutocompleterInstanceApi, rng: Range, value: string) => {
        ed.selection.setRng(rng);
        ed.insertContent(value);
        autocompleteApi.hide();
      };

      const fetch = (ch: string, type: string) => (resolve: (data: InlineContent.AutocompleterContents[]) => void) => {
        resolve(Arr.map([ 'aa', 'ab' ], (letter) => ({
          value: `${type}-${letter}`,
          text: `p-${letter}`,
          icon: ch
        })));
      };

      ed.ui.registry.addAutocompleter('Plus1', {
        trigger: plusTriggerChar,
        minChars: 0,
        columns: 1,
        fetch: (_pattern, _maxResults) => new Promise(fetch(plusTriggerChar, 'plus')),
        onAction
      });

      const dollarsFetch = Throttler.last(fetch(dollarsTriggerChar, 'dollars'), keyboardThrottleTimer * 3);
      ed.ui.registry.addAutocompleter('Dollars1', {
        trigger: dollarsTriggerChar,
        minChars: 0,
        columns: 1,
        fetch: (_pattern, _maxResults) => new Promise(dollarsFetch.throttle),
        onAction
      });
    }
  }, []);

  const pOpenAutocompleter = async (editor: Editor, triggerChar: string) => {
    editor.focus();
    editor.setContent(`<p>${triggerChar}</p>`);
    TinySelections.setCursor(editor, [ 0, 0 ], triggerChar.length);
    TinyContentActions.keypress(editor, triggerChar.charCodeAt(0));
    // Wait 50ms for the keypress to process
    await Waiter.pWait(keyboardThrottleTimer);
  };

  const pUpdateWithChar = async (editor: Editor, chr: string) => {
    editor.insertContent(chr);
    TinyContentActions.keypress(editor, chr.charCodeAt(0));
    // Wait 50ms for the keypress to process
    await Waiter.pWait(keyboardThrottleTimer);
  };

  const pCloseAutocompleterByKey = async (editor: Editor) => {
    TinyContentActions.keydown(editor, Keys.escape());
    // Wait 50ms for the keypress to process
    await Waiter.pWait(keyboardThrottleTimer);
  };

  const pWaitForEvents = (events: string[], expectedEvents: string[]) =>
    Waiter.pTryUntil('Waited for events to include expected events', () => assert.deepEqual(events, expectedEvents));

  const pTestWithEvents = async (test: (eventArgs: EditorEvent<AutocompleterEventArgs>[]) => Promise<void>) => {
    const editor = hook.editor();
    const eventArgs: EditorEvent<AutocompleterEventArgs>[] = [];
    const collect = (args: EditorEvent<AutocompleterEventArgs>) => eventArgs.push(args);

    editor.on('AutocompleterStart AutocompleterUpdate', collect);

    await test(eventArgs);

    editor.execCommand('mceAutocompleterClose');
    editor.off('AutocompleterStart AutocompleterUpdate', collect);
  };

  const assertLookupData = (lookupData: AutocompleteLookupData, expectedMatchText: string, ch: string, type: string) => {
    assert.equal(lookupData.columns, 1);
    assert.deepEqual(lookupData.highlightOn, []);
    assert.equal(lookupData.matchText, expectedMatchText);
    assert.deepEqual(lookupData.items, [
      { value: `${type}-aa`, text: 'p-aa', icon: ch },
      { value: `${type}-ab`, text: 'p-ab', icon: ch },
    ]);
    assert.isFunction(lookupData.onAction);
  };

  it('TINY-8279: autocompleter events start, update, end by esc key', async () => {
    const editor = hook.editor();
    const events: string[] = [];
    const collect = (args: EditorEvent<AutocompleterEventArgs>) => events.push(args.type);

    editor.on('AutocompleterStart AutocompleterUpdate AutocompleterEnd', collect);
    await pOpenAutocompleter(editor, plusTriggerChar);
    await pUpdateWithChar(editor, 'a');
    await pCloseAutocompleterByKey(editor);
    await pWaitForEvents(events, [ 'autocompleterstart', 'autocompleterupdate', 'autocompleterend' ]);
    editor.off('AutocompleterStart AutocompleterUpdate AutocompleterEnd', collect);
  });

  it('TINY-8279: mceAutocompleterReload command should fire an AutocompleterUpdate event', async () => {
    const editor = hook.editor();
    const events: string[] = [];
    const collect = (args: EditorEvent<AutocompleterEventArgs>) => events.push(args.type);

    editor.on('AutocompleterUpdate', collect);
    await pOpenAutocompleter(editor, plusTriggerChar);
    editor.execCommand('mceAutocompleterReload');
    await pWaitForEvents(events, [ 'autocompleterupdate' ]);
    await pCloseAutocompleterByKey(editor);
    editor.off('AutocompleterUpdate', collect);
  });

  it('TINY-8279: mceAutocompleterClose command should fire an AutocompleterEnd event', async () => {
    const editor = hook.editor();
    const events: string[] = [];
    const collect = (args: EditorEvent<{}>) => {
      events.push(args.type);
    };

    editor.on('AutocompleterEnd', collect);
    await pOpenAutocompleter(editor, plusTriggerChar);
    editor.execCommand('mceAutocompleterClose');
    await pWaitForEvents(events, [ 'autocompleterend' ]);
    editor.off('AutocompleterEnd', collect);
  });

  it('TINY-8279: autocompleter events start, update, end by enter key', async () => {
    const editor = hook.editor();
    const events: string[] = [];
    const collect = (args: EditorEvent<AutocompleterEventArgs>) => events.push(args.type);

    editor.on('AutocompleterStart AutocompleterUpdate AutocompleterEnd', collect);
    await pOpenAutocompleter(editor, plusTriggerChar);
    await pUpdateWithChar(editor, 'a');
    TinyContentActions.keydown(editor, Keys.enter());
    await pWaitForEvents(events, [ 'autocompleterstart', 'autocompleterupdate', 'autocompleterend' ]);
    editor.off('AutocompleterStart AutocompleterUpdate AutocompleterEnd', collect);
  });

  it('TINY-8279: autocompleter events start, update should have lookupData', () => pTestWithEvents(async (eventArgs) => {
    const editor = hook.editor();
    await pOpenAutocompleter(editor, plusTriggerChar);

    await Waiter.pTryUntil('Waited for AutocompleterStart to include lookupData', () => {
      assert.equal(eventArgs.length, 1);
      assert.equal(eventArgs[0].type, 'autocompleterstart');
      assert.equal(eventArgs[0].lookupData.length, 1);

      assertLookupData(eventArgs[0].lookupData[0], '', '+', 'plus');
    });

    await pUpdateWithChar(editor, 'a');

    await Waiter.pTryUntil('Waited for AutocompleterUpdate to include lookupData', () => {
      assert.equal(eventArgs.length, 2);
      assert.equal(eventArgs[1].type, 'autocompleterupdate');
      assert.equal(eventArgs[1].lookupData.length, 1);

      assertLookupData(eventArgs[1].lookupData[0], 'a', '+', 'plus');
    });
  }));

  it('TINY-8552: autocompleter starts correctly with throttled fetch', () => pTestWithEvents(async (eventArgs) => {
    const editor = hook.editor();

    // Trigger and then immediately type another character
    await pOpenAutocompleter(editor, dollarsTriggerChar);
    await pUpdateWithChar(editor, 'a');

    // Note: There won't be an update event here because it didn't start until both chars had been typed
    // due to the throttle delay and the fact it only runs on the last fetch call.
    await Waiter.pTryUntil('Waited for AutocompleterStart to include lookupData', () => {
      assert.equal(eventArgs.length, 1);
      assert.equal(eventArgs[0].type, 'autocompleterstart');
      assert.equal(eventArgs[0].lookupData.length, 1);

      assertLookupData(eventArgs[0].lookupData[0], 'a', '$', 'dollars');
    });
  }));
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Do they have rim protection, @rayaans?
What is the sorcery? Transparent looking bonnet. Photoshop?
I'd have thought removal of the sensor would cause the need for rebalancing? Perhaps for just a short while, it'd be OK? Is this TPMS battery swap job is risky? I like to take care of things proactively, but if you damaged the sensors during a precautionary battery swap, you might be kicking yourself for messing with them.
What are the logistics of getting all four sensors out, so you can do DIY on your TPMS Sensor? Surely you'll need a cooperative tyre fitter who will let you have the sensors (for a few hours perhaps) between removal and refitting of the tyres? Aren't tyres damaged during removal, usually?
Great idea. What bracket did you use shine?
Mine looks similar to yours Jay. 2013 F Sport. What treatment can we apply? What type of oil or grease should we put on these sorts of things to prevent future issues?
Missed that, my apologies. Thanks for your input! Glad to hear 12 months good experience. Was referencing something else another member had told to them. I was suspicious / didn't feel it was plausible, but there's always more insight and something one can learn!
Any possible issues with these? Could they cause any bugs in the electrics? Could they blow / damage anything? I seem to recall some dealer telling a member here that use of LEDs in the system caused significant damage to some electronic part of the car.
Are they safe? Any issues / potential damage to the car and its electronics?
Where are you taking these photos? Right side of the engine?
Jan 2018 - Jan 2019. Lots of short journeys, occasional long runs. Averaged 38 MPG across 6000 miles (measured brim to brim every time, recording miles travelled and calculating). I've a 2013 F-Sport. Doesn't seem that high. Have I got a problem with my car would you think?
Hi Jay I am interested in knowing how a 12v battery in poor condition can affect the MPG. Thanks!


text:
2003 PG-13 2h 14m DVD
The Earth's inner core has stopped spinning, and scientist Josh Keyes must discover why -- before the world literally falls apart -- by burrowing into the planet's center in a vessel piloted by Maj. Beck Childs and Col. Robert Iverson.
Aaron Eckhart, Hilary Swank, Delroy Lindo, Stanley Tucci, DJ Qualls, Richard Jenkins, Tchéky Karyo, Bruce Greenwood, Alfre Woodard
Action & Adventure, Action Sci-Fi & Fantasy, Sci-Fi Thrillers, Sci-Fi Adventure
Suspenseful, Exciting
English: Dolby Digital 5.1, English: Dolby Digital 2.0 Surround, French: Dolby Digital 2.0 Surround
Parents need to know that this movie has sustained and intense peril. There's widespread destruction, and many characters are killed. There's some strong language, including the obligatory single use of "f--k" permitted in PG-13 movies. There are female and African-American characters who are exceptionally talented but who have had to face obstacles to their professional advancement. Diverse characters work together well.
Many characters killed. Intense peril.
Some strong language.
Drinking and smoking.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Current Situation of Treatment Systems for Alcoholism in Korea
Alcoholism is becoming one of the most serious issues in Korea. The purpose of this review article was to understand the present status of the treatment system for alcoholism in Korea compared to the United States and to suggest its developmental direction in Korea.
Current modalities of alcoholism treatment in Korea including withdrawal treatment, pharmacotherapy, and psychosocial treatment are available according to Korean evidence-based treatment guidelines. Benzodiazepines and supportive care including vitamin and nutritional support are mainly used to treat alcohol withdrawal in Korea. Naltrexone and acamprosate are the drugs of first choice to treat chronic alcoholism. Psychosocial treatment methods such as individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, family therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, cue exposure therapy, 12-step facilitation therapy, self-help group therapy, and community-based treatment have been carried out to treat chronic alcoholism in Korea.
However, current alcohol treatment system in Korea is not integrative compared to that in the United States. To establish the treatment system, it is important to set up an independent governmental administration on alcohol abuse, to secure experts on alcoholism, and to conduct outpatient alcoholism treatment programs and facilities in an open system including some form of continuing care.
Read Full Article (PDF)
News Release - UTHealth researchers may help identify when smokers attempting cessation are at a higher risk of relapse
New findings by researchers at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health may help identify situations in which smokers who are trying to quit are at a higher risk of relapse.
More than 1,200 people die in the United States every day from smoking-related illnesses. This is equivalent to three airplanes loaded with passengers crashing everyday in America. Smoking-related illnesses are the No. 1 cause of preventable deaths in the country, killing more Americans than drugs, homicides, suicides, accidents, and fires combined.
Previous studies have indicated that alcohol use can increase smoking and smoking urges. However, no studies have examined the moment-to-moment relation between smoking urges and alcohol use during a smoking cessation attempt. > > > > Read More
Global Action - February 13, 2013
Key Recent Milestones:
· Mexico: ICAP announced the release of drink driving survey results at the Universidad de las Americas Puebla in Puebla, Mexico on February 12, 2013. The survey was conducted at the end of 2012 by UDLAP Consultores on alcohol consumption habits in Puebla.
Global Actions in Focus: Drink Drive Program in Thailand .
ICAP has released a summary report on the drink driving community road safety program review and training program in Thailand with the Population and Community Development Association (PDA). ICAP Consultant Robert Klein and ICAP Thailand Country Manager Khun Panasri met with community leaders from Khonkaen Province, Chang Rai Province, and PDA members on January 29 and 30, 2013.
The meeting covered drink driving initiatives implemented during the busy Loy Kratong and New Year festivals. Working plans for these campaigns were conducted in collaboration with sub-district municipalities. Activities included setting up breath alcohol checkpoints on superhighways and campaigning with drink driving messages on posters and community radio announcements. A memorandum of understanding was signed with PDA and the municipality of Mae Rai in Chang Rai Province to campaign on road safety.
"The report from campaign activities showed that no accidents, deaths, or injuries were recorded during the festivals in the target area of Banpai, Khonkean," said Khun Panasri. "Figures also showed a reduction in sales of alcohol to youth."
Program success was attributed to the willingness and collaboration of community leaders, sufficient funding, support and cooperation from government sectors, and the importance of continuous and repeating campaigns. The next steps are to expand the drink driving program to cover the entire sub-district, and to gain more breathalyzers for testing at checkpoints. ICAP and PDA are currently planning activities for educational campaigns during Songkran Festival.
What's Happening Next:
· Belgium: ICAP is co-hosting the first Commitments Regional Workshop on February 21 and 22, 2013 in Brussels. CEOs of 13 of the world's leading beer, wine, and spirits producers will discuss their collective commitment to 10 targeted actions in five areas over the next five years.
Decreased effective connectivity in the visuomotor system after alcohol consumption
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows observing cerebral activity not only in separated cortical regions but also in functionally coupled cortical networks. Although moderate doses of ethanol slowdown the neurovascular coupling, the functions of the primary sensorimotor and the visual system remain intact. Yet little is known about how more complex interactions between cortical regions are affected even at moderate doses of alcohol.
Therefore the method of psychophysiological interaction (PPI) was applied to analyze ethanol-induced effects on the effective connectivity in the visuomotor system.
Fourteen healthy social drinkers with no personal history of neurological disorders or substance abuse were examined. In a test/re-test design they served as their own controls by participating in both the sober and the ethanol condition. All participants were scanned in a 3 T MR scanner before and after ingestion of a body-weight-dependent amount of ethanol calculated to achieve a blood alcohol concentration of 1.0‰. PPIs were calculated for the primary visual cortex, the supplementary motor area, and the left and right primary motor cortex using the statistical software package SPM.
The PPI analysis showed selective disturbance of the effective connectivity between different cortical areas. The regression analysis revealed the influence of the supplementary motor area on connected regions like the primary motor cortex to be decreased yet preserved.
However, the connection between the primary visual cortex and the posterior parietal cortex was more severely impaired by the influence of ethanol, leading to an uncoupled regression between these regions.
The decreased effective connectivity in the visuomotor system suggests that complex tasks requiring interaction or synchronization between different brain areas are affected even at moderate levels of alcohol.
This finding may have important consequences for determining which components of demanding tasks such as driving a car might be compromised earlier than the functions of the main cortical motor and visual areas.
Request Reprint E-Mail: michael.luchtmann@med.ovgu.de
Addiction Industry Studies: Understanding How Proconsumption Influences Block Effective Interventions
The legalized consumption of products with addiction potential, such as tobacco and alcohol, contributes in myriad ways to poor physical and mental health and to deterioration in social well- being. These impacts are well documented, as are a range of public health interventions that are demonstrably effective in reducing harm.
I have discussed the capacity for the profits from these substances to be deployed in ways that block or divert resources from interventions known to be effective.
Addiction industry studies constitute a new and previously neglected area of research focusing specifically on understanding the salient relationships that determine policy and regulation. This understanding will increase the odds of adopting effective interventions.
Request Reprint E-Mail: p.adams@auckland.ac.nz
Alcohol-Attributable Cancer Deaths and Years of Potential Life Lost in the United States
Our goal was to provide current estimates of alcohol-attributable cancer mortality and years of potential life lost (YPLL) in the United States.
We used 2 methods to calculate population-attributable fractions. We based relative risks on meta-analyses published since 2000, and adult alcohol consumption on data from the 2009 Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System, 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and 2009–2010 National Alcohol Survey.
Alcohol consumption resulted in an estimated 18 200 to 21 300 cancer deaths, or 3.2% to 3.7% of all US cancer deaths. The majority of alcohol-attributable female cancer deaths were from breast cancer (56% to 66%), whereas upper airway and esophageal cancer deaths were more common among men (53% to 71%). Alcohol-attributable cancers resulted in 17.0 to 19.1 YPLL for each death. Daily consumption of up to 20 grams of alcohol (≤ 1.5 drinks) accounted for 26% to 35% of alcohol-attributable cancer deaths.
Alcohol remains a major contributor to cancer mortality and YPLL. Higher consumption increases risk but there is no safe threshold for alcohol and cancer risk. Reducing alcohol consumption is an important and underemphasized cancer prevention strategy.
Request Reprint E-Mail: nelsonde@mail.nih.gov
Instigating Bystander Intervention in the Prevention of Alcohol-Impaired Driving: Analysis of Data Regarding Mass Media Campaigns
Research in the area of bystander intervention in the prevention of alcohol-impaired driving (AID) has mostly focused on the influence of existing factors (such as status or relationships) on the likelihood of intervening and has relied mostly on samples of college-age students. It remains unknown whether exposure to external stimuli, such as that of mass media marketing, has the ability to influence bystander intervention and whether differential tendencies to intervene hold true for the larger population. This study sought to explore the influence of external stimuli, in the form of mass media AID prevention messaging, on tendencies of bystander intervention and to determine other factors predictive of bystander intervention.
The study relied on national, nonprobability survey data of mostly non-college-age respondents collected to assess anti-AID media campaigns. Analyses entailed a series of ordinary least squares and binary logistic regression models.
Exposure to an AID media prevention campaign was not significantly related to individual concern over AID in the community or whether a bystander intervened to prevent an incident of AID. Seventy-six percent of respondents reported exposure to AID media prevention campaigns, whereas slightly more than 40% reported actually intervening to prevent an AID incident. Intervening bystanders had greater odds of being female and non-White and of perceiving the legal consequences of AID as being certain and severe. These factors, however, were mediated by respondent concern regarding the seriousness of the AID problem in their community.
Findings suggest that AID media-based prevention messaging works best among those in the population who view AID as a serious problem in their community.
Request Reprint E-Mail: Guerette@fiu.edu
Contributions of Work Stressors, Alcohol, and Normative Beliefs to Partner Violence
A body of research has established that lower socioeconomic populations, including blue-collar workers, are at higher risk for problem drinking and intimate partner violence. This study of married/cohabiting construction workers and their spouses/partners describes how work stressors, hazardous drinking, and couple characteristics interact to influence normative beliefs around partner violence and, thereafter, its occurrence.
Our survey respondents from a sample of 502 dual-earner couples were asked about drinking patterns, past-year partner violence, normative beliefs about partner violence, work-related stressors, impulsivity, and childhood exposure to violence and other adverse events. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 81 workers on context of work stress, partner violence, and drinking.
Analyses of data revealed that men's and women's normative beliefs about partner violence were positively related to male-to-female partner violence; female partner violence normative beliefs were associated with female-to-male partner violence. Both partners' levels of impulsivity were directly associated with male-to-female and female-to-male partner violence, and male partner's frequency of intoxication mediated the association between level of impulsivity and male-to-female partner violence. Female partner's adverse childhood experience was directly associated with male-to-female partner violence. Both survey and qualitative interviews identified individual and work-related factors that influence the occurrence of violence between men and women.
These findings provide guidelines for prevention of partner violence that can be implemented in the workplace with attention to hazardous drinking, job stress, treatment, education, and work culture.
Request Reprint E-Mail: ames@prev.org
Childhood Maltreatment, Alcohol Use Disorders, and Treatment Utilization in a National Sample of Emerging Adults
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and alcohol use disorders (AUDs), treatment utilization, and barriers to treatment in a national sample of emerging adults. Multiple types of maltreatment were examined, including childhood emotional abuse and neglect.
The analyses are based on data from 18- to 25-year-olds (N = 4,468) who participated in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.
Adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, we found that childhood maltreatment was associated with a greater likelihood of an AUD and a greater likelihood of accessing treatment, although these relationships were no longer significant once psychiatric comorbidities and other substance use disorders were included as control variables. We also found significant interaction effects for age; differences in the prevalence of AUDs among those who experienced physical abuse and multiple types of maltreatment were larger for the older age group. Finally, among those with AUDs, maltreatment was associated with specific perceived barriers to treatment.
The current findings highlight childhood maltreatment, including emotional abuse and neglect, as important correlates of AUDs among emerging adults but indicate that these relationships may be accounted for by other psychiatric comorbidities. Barriers to treatment among individuals with AUDs may reflect maltreatment experiences and should be addressed in both policy and practice.
Request Reprint E-Mail: abbyl.goldstein@utoronto.ca
Job Strain, Hazardous Drinking, and Alcohol-Related Disorders Among Brazilian Bank Workers
To assess the association between high job strain and drinking behaviors among bank workers.
A cross-sectional study was performed in 1,080 Brazilian bank employees. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire, including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test to assess hazardous drinking (HZD). Alcohol-related disorders (ARDs) were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Associations between job strain and drinking behaviors were tested by fitting the main effects of high job demands and low job control, with the interaction between them, and by comparing high demands and low-control jobs with other jobs, using Poisson regression.
Prevalences of HZD and ARDs were 25.5% and 13.5%, respectively. For the association with HZD, there was a significant interaction between high demands and low control (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.56, 95% CI [1.03, 2.35]). For low-demand jobs, low control was negatively associated with HZD (PR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.50, 0.97]). High demands only conferred increased risk for HZD in the context of low control. Patterns of association with ARDs were similar but did not reach statistical significance. Furthermore, multivariate analyses supported the associations between the four-quadrant job-strain model and HZD. However, passive jobs were associated with a low prevalence of HZD, and post hoc analysis suggested that increased risk of HZD was concentrated in the highest quarter of job strain (PR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.10, 2.21]).
High job strain was associated with HZD; the association with ARDs was equivocal. For HZD, an interaction between high demands and low control, as posited by Karasek, was observed.
Request Reprint E-Mail: c.lima@iop.kcl.ac.uk
Affective Cue-Induced Escalation of Alcohol Self-Administration and Increased 22-kHz Ultrasonic Vocalizations during Alcohol Withdrawal: Role of Kappa-Opioid Receptors
Negative affect promotes dysregulated alcohol consumption in non-dependent and alcohol-dependent animals, and cues associated with negative affective states induce withdrawal-like symptoms in rats.
This study was designed to test the hypotheses that: (1) the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) system mediates phenotypes related to alcohol withdrawal and withdrawal-like negative affective states and (2) cues associated with negative affective states would result in dysregulated alcohol consumption when subsequently presented alone.
To accomplish these goals, intracerebroventricular infusion of the KOR antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) was assessed for the ability to attenuate the increase in 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) associated with alcohol withdrawal and KOR activation in adult male wistar rats. Furthermore, cues associated with a KOR agonist-induced negative affective state were assessed for the ability to dysregulate alcohol consumption and the efficacy of intracerebroventricular KOR antagonism to reduce such dysregulation was evaluated.
KOR antagonism blocked the increased number of 22-kHz USVs observed during acute alcohol withdrawal and a KOR agonist (U50,488) resulted in a nor-BNI reversible increase in 22-kHz USVs (mimicking an alcohol-dependent state). Additionally, cues associated with negative affective states resulted in escalated alcohol self-administration, an effect that was nor-BNI sensitive.
Taken together, this study implicates negative affective states induced by both alcohol withdrawal and conditioned stimuli as being produced, in part, by activity of the DYN/KOR system.
Request Reprint E-Mail: brendan.walker@wsu.edu
Chronic mild stress increases alcohol intake in mice with low dopamine D2 receptor levels.
Alcohol use disorders emerge from a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Stress and dopamine D2 receptor levels (DRD2) have been shown to play a central role in alcoholism.
To better understand the interactions between DRD2 and stress in ethanol intake behavior, we subjected Drd2 wild-type (+/+), heterozygous (+/−), and knockout (−/−) mice to 4 weeks of chronic mild stress (CMS) and to an ethanol two-bottle choice during CMS weeks 2–4. Prior to and at the end of the experiment, the animals were tested in the forced swim and open field tests. We measured ethanol intake and preference, immobility in the force swim test, and activity in the open field.
We show that under no CMS, Drd2+/− and Drd2−/− mice had lower ethanol intake and preference compared with Drd2+/+. Exposure to CMS decreased ethanol intake and preference in Drd2+/+ and increased them in Drd2+/− and Drd2−/− mice. At baseline, Drd2+/− and Drd2−/− mice had significantly lower activity in the open field than Drd2+/+, whereas no genotype differences were observed in the forced swim test. Exposure to CMS increased immobility during the forced swim test in Drd2+/− mice, but not in Drd2+/+ or Drd2−/− mice, and ethanol intake reversed this behavior. No changes were observed in open field test measures.
These findings suggest that in the presence of a stressful environment, low DRD2 levels are associated with increased ethanol intake and preference and that under this condition, increased ethanol consumption could be used as a strategy to alleviate negative mood.
Request Reprint E-Mail: thanos@bnl.gov.
Adolescent Substance Use in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (MTA) as a Function of Childhood ADHD, Random Assignment to Childhood Treatments, and Subsequent Medication
To determine long-term effects on substance use and substance use disorder (SUD), up to 8 years after childhood enrollment, of the randomly assigned 14-month treatments in the multisite Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA; n = 436); to test whether medication at follow-up, cumulative psychostimulant treatment over time, or both relate to substance use/SUD; and to compare substance use/SUD in the ADHD sample to the non-ADHD childhood classmate comparison group (n = 261).
Mixed-effects regression models with planned contrasts were used for all tests except the important cumulative stimulant treatment question, for which propensity score matching analysis was used.
The originally randomized treatment groups did not differ significantly on substance use/SUD by the 8-year follow-up or earlier (mean age = 17 years). Neither medication at follow-up (mostly stimulants) nor cumulative stimulant treatment was associated with adolescent substance use/SUD. Substance use at all time points, including use of two or more substances and SUD, were each greater in the ADHD than in the non-ADHD samples, regardless of sex.
Medication for ADHD did not protect from, or contribute to, visible risk of substance use or SUD by adolescence, whether analyzed as randomized treatment assignment in childhood, as medication at follow-up, or as cumulative stimulant treatment over an 8-year follow-up from childhood. These results suggest the need to identify alternative or adjunctive adolescent-focused approaches to substance abuse prevention and treatment for boys and girls with ADHD, especially given their increased risk for use and abuse of multiple substances that is not improved with stimulant medication.
Request Reprint E-Mail: molinab@upmc.edu
Alcohol Policy 16 Conference - Preliminary Agenda
We anticipate offering these pre-conference institutes, plenary, major, and concurrent sessions (posters, workshops, and panels) thanks to presenters from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America and will publish the final version in early April. > > > > Read More
Patterns of Alcohol Use and Expectancies Predict Sexual Risk Taking Among Non–Problem Drinking Women
Although alcohol consumption and sexual risk taking are associated, not everyone who drinks alcohol engages in risky sexual behavior. The purposes of the present study were to identify patterns of alcohol use behaviors and alcohol expectancies among women who are non–problem drinkers and to examine how these patterns are associated with indices of sexual risk.
Data from 758 non–problem drinking women who have sex with men and were not in committed relationships were analyzed using latent profile analysis to determine patterns of alcohol use and alcohol-related expectancies.
Of the four patterns observed, three classes had similar alcohol-related expectancies but differed with respect to drinking behavior (moderate drinking, regular heavy episodes, and frequent heavy episodes), and the fourth class consisted of moderate drinkers with low expectancies (low expectancies). Results revealed that those in the frequent heavy episodes class had the greatest number of sexual partners in the past year and drank the most alcohol before having sex compared with the other women. Both the regular and frequent heavy episodes classes reported greater likelihood of having unprotected sex in the future, more positive beliefs about casual sex, and greater subjective intoxication before having sex than women in the moderate drinking or low expectancies classes. Women in the low expectancies class reported less positive beliefs about condoms than those in the moderate drinking and regular heavy episodes classes.
Results suggest that different patterns of expectancies and drinking behaviors are associated with different indices of sexual risk taking and highlight the importance of individually tailored programs for prevention of sexually transmitted infections.
Request Reprint E-Mail: cstappen@uw.edu.
Genetic Variation in the Alpha Synuclein Gene (SNCA) Is Associated With BOLD Response to Alcohol Cues
Preclinical studies implicate the gene encoding the alpha synuclein protein (SNCA) in the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence and dopamine neuron function. Results from clinical studies are less conclusive. Using neurobiological phenotypes in genetic studies, rather than typical heterogeneous diagnostic categories derived from self-report, may improve reliability across studies. This study aimed to examine whether polymorphisms in the SNCA gene were associated with alcohol taste cue–elicited responses in the brain, one such intermediate phenotype.
A total of 326 heavy drinkers who underwent an alcohol taste task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) also were genotyped. Analyses focused on two previously identified SNCA variants (rs2583985 and rs356168) as well as 27 other single nucleotide polymorphisms from the Illumina Human1M BeadChip that were used in an exploratory analysis of the whole gene. Neurobiological phenotypes were defined as fMRI blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) responses to alcohol taste cue (vs. a control cue) in seven regions of interest known to be involved in cue processing and rich in dopaminergic axon terminals.
Polymorphisms in the SNCA gene were significantly correlated with BOLD activation. Specifically, the largest effect sizes and significance were seen for rs2583985 in paracingulate and caudate (focused analysis) and for rs1372522 in paracingulate (exploratory analysis). Activation in all regions of interest was correlated with alcohol-dependence severity.
SNCA genotype was found to be associated with the degree of fMRI BOLD response during exposure to the taste of alcohol versus a control taste. This study also further validates the use of this alcohol taste task as an intermediate phenotype for alcohol-dependence severity.
Request Reprint E-Mail: cewilcox@salud.unm.edu
Effects of Memantine on Event-Related Potential, Oscillations, and Complexity in Individuals With and Without Family Histories of Alcoholism
Enhanced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function associated with a positive family history of alcoholism (FHP) has been hypothesized to contribute to the heritable risk for alcoholism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of alcoholism family history, NMDA receptor function, and cortical information processing by testing acute effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine on event-related potential (ERP).
Twenty-two healthy FHP and 20 healthy family history–negative (FHN; no alcoholic relatives) subjects were administered placebo or 40 mg of memantine under double-blind counterbalanced conditions on two separate occasions. Electroencephalogram data were collected from eight channels with eyes open during an auditory oddball discrimination task. We evaluated P3b amplitude, total theta, alpha activity, and fractal dimension from ERP trials.
FHP and FHN subjects did not differ in P3b amplitude. A significant Group × Drug interaction was observed in theta, alpha activity, and fractal dimension at the parietal and occipital sites. FHP individuals exhibited significantly higher fractal dimension and lower theta and alpha activity after placebo relative to FHN subjects. Following memantine administration, theta activity decreased in both groups but more markedly for FHN individuals. Alpha activity decreased for FHN subjects and increased for FHP individuals, whereas the fractal dimension decreased for FHP subjects and increased for FHN subjects after memantine.
A plausible interpretation of these results is that FHP individuals may have altered NMDA receptor function compared with FHN individuals. These findings provide additional evidence of differences in the regulation of NMDA receptor function between FHP and FHN individuals.
Request Reprint E-Mail: msteven@harthosp.org
Disparities in Access to Physicians and Medications for the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Between Publicly and Privately Funded Treatment Programs in the United States
Prior research suggests that publicly funded substance use disorder (SUD) treatment programs lag behind privately funded programs in adoption of evidence-based practices, resulting in disparities in access to high-quality SUD treatment. These disparities highlight a critical public health concern because the majority of SUD patients in the United States are treated in the publicly funded treatment sector. This study uses recent data to examine disparities in access to physicians and availability of medications for the treatment of SUDs between publicly and privately funded SUD treatment programs.
Data were collected from 595 specialty SUD treatment programs from 2007 to 2010 via face-to-face interviews, mailed surveys, and telephone interviews with treatment program administrators.
Publicly funded programs were less likely than privately funded programs to have a physician on staff, even after controlling for several organizational characteristics that were associated with access to physicians. The results of negative binomial regression indicated that, even after taking into account physician access and other organizational variables, publicly funded programs prescribed fewer SUD medications than privately funded SUD treatment programs.
Patients seeking treatment in publicly funded treatment programs continue to face disparities in access to high-quality SUD treatment that supports patients' choices among a range of medication options. However, implementation of the Affordable Care Act may facilitate greater access to physicians and use of medications in publicly funded SUD treatment programs.
Request Reprint E-Mail: aabraham@uga.edu
Risky Alcohol Use and Serum Aminotransferase Levels in HIV-Infected Adults With and Without Hepatitis C
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between risky drinking amounts and serum aminotransferase levels in HIV-infected adults with and without hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
In a prospective cohort of HIV-infected adults with current or past alcohol problems, we assessed whether drinking risky amounts (as defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism) was associated with higher levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) over time, stratifying analyses by HCV status. Generalized linear mixed effects regression models were used to examine the association between risky drinking and natural log-transformed AST and ALT over time.
Among HIV/HCV–coinfected persons (n = 200), risky drinking was associated with a higher adjusted mean AST (62.2 vs. 51.4 U/L; adjusted ratio of means 1.2, 95% CI [1.07, 1.37], p = .003) and ALT (51.3 vs. 41.6 U/L; adjusted ratio of means 1.2, 95% CI [1.07, 1.42], p = .004) compared with non–risky drinking. In contrast, among HIV-infected adults without HCV infection (n = 197), there were no significant differences between those who did and did not drink risky amounts in AST (34.7 vs. 33.3 U/L; adjusted ratio of means = 1.0, 95% CI [0.95, 1.14], p = .36) or ALT (29.1 vs. 28.7 U/L; adjusted ratio of means = 1.0, 95% CI [0.91, 1.13], p = .78).
Among HIV-infected adults with HCV, those who drink risky amounts have higher serum aminotransferase levels than those who do not drink risky amounts. These results suggest that drinking risky amounts may be particularly harmful in HIV/HCV–coinfected adults and supports recommendations that providers pay special attention to drinking in this population.
Request Reprint E-Mail: judith.tsui@bmc.org
Relationships Among Independent Major Depressions, Alcohol Use, and Other Substance Use and Related Problems Over 30 Years in 397 Families
Although heavy drinking is related to sadness on multiple levels, the link between alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and major depressive episodes (MDEs) is more controversial. One complicating factor is that some MDEs are temporary and only occur in the context of heavy drinking, whereas other MDEs are longer lasting and occur independently of intense alcohol intake (i.e., independent depressive episodes [IDEs]). We hypothesized that a longitudinal study that uses validated interviews with subjects and relatives and distinguishes between IDEs and alcohol-induced depressive episodes would reveal little evidence of a link between IDEs and AUDs.
Histories of AUDs, IDEs, and substance-induced depressions were prospectively evaluated over 30 years in 397 male probands from the San Diego Prospective Study and in their 449 offspring using questions extracted from the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism interview.
The rate of IDEs over 30 years in the 397 probands was 15.3% overall. Among probands who developed AUDs, 31% of their depressive episodes were substance induced, not IDEs. For these men followed over 3 decades, those with IDEs had no increased rate of AUDs and evidenced no higher rate of use or abuse/dependence on illicit substances. Similar conclusions applied to their 449 offspring ages 12 years and older.
These data support the importance of uishing between IDE and substance-induced depressions when evaluating the relationship between AUDs and depression syndromes.
Group Influences on Individuals' Drinking and Other Drug Use at Clubs
This article examines effects of the social group on individual alcohol and drug use upon entry and exit from the club. Based on collected biological measurements of alcohol and other drug use, this study explores whether social group indicators (e.g., group characteristics) are predictive of alcohol and other drug use for individual club patrons.
A total of 368 social groups, representing 986 individuals (50.7% female), were anonymously surveyed, and biological measures of alcohol and other drug use were collected at entrance and exit to clubs on a single evening. Both individual and group-level indicators were assessed. Because data were clustered by club, event, and group, mixed-model regressions were conducted to account for non-independence.
Group indicators of high blood alcohol concentration were being in a group that intends to get drunk, that has at least one member who regularly gets drunk, and that has discrepancies in its expectations regarding drug use. Group indicators related to cocaine use were high levels of drug use expected among group members, little discrepancy among the group members regarding the drug use expected, and high levels of intentions to get drunk. In addition, older groups were more likely to have higher levels of cocaine use. There were less consistent findings regarding group effects on marijuana use. The most consistent finding was that high drug use expectations were related to higher levels of marijuana use.
Together, these data suggest that strategies should focus on recognizing group indicators as risks for group members. Promoting social responsibility for group members may create safer club experiences among young adults. These efforts could model designated-driver programs as a way to increase safety and social responsibility.
Request Reprint E-Mail: bmiller@prev.org
Where and When Adolescents Use Tobacco, Alcohol, and Marijuana: Comparisons by Age, Gender, and Race
This study examined the location and time of adolescent use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. Age, gender, and racial differences in location and time of use were studied for each substance.
Using cross-sectional data collected through the school-wide Pride Survey, 20,055 students between the ages of 10 and 19 years (53.6% female, 55.1% Black, 44.9% White) in one metropolitan area reported on their frequency of cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use, as well as the location and time of use of each substance. Chi-square tests compared the rates, locations, and times for each substance across boys and girls; Black and White students; and early, middle, and late adolescents.
Older adolescents reported higher rates of substance use at friends' homes, at school, and in cars and lower rates of alcohol use at home compared with younger youth. Males were more likely to report alcohol and marijuana use at school and on weeknights and alcohol use in cars, whereas females were more likely to report alcohol and marijuana use on the weekends. No gender differences emerged for times and locations of cigarette use. Compared with Black youth, White adolescents were more likely to use all substances at friends' homes and on weekends; to smoke cigarettes at school, in the car, and on weeknights; and to use alcohol at home. Black adolescents were more likely to report using alcohol at home, at school, in cars, during and after school, and on weeknights and were more likely to report using marijuana at school.
The location and time of adolescent substance use vary substantially by age, gender, and race. These differences may help tailor substance use prevention and intervention programs to specific subgroups of youth to improve program effectiveness.
Request Reprint E-Mail: egoncy@vcu.edu
Effectiveness of a Tailored Goal Oriented Community Brief Intervention (TGCBI) in Reducing Alcohol Consumption Among Risky Drinkers in Thailand: A Quasi-Experimental Study
An intervention to reduce the average alcohol intake and the number of drinking days in risky drinkers was conducted in a quasi-experimental study in two communities (intervention and control communities) in Lop Buri Province, Thailand.
The participants were risky drinkers (with scores ranging from 8 through 19 on the World Health Organization's Alcohol Use and Disorders Identification Test) ages 19–65 years. In the intervention community, individual participants set their own drinking-reduction goals, and each participant received a Tailored Goal Oriented Community Brief Intervention (TGCBI) administered in four sessions over 2 months. The number of drinking days and the average alcohol intake during the past 30 days were measured before the intervention and at 1, 3, and 6 months after it. Complete data were available from 47 intervention and 50 control participants. Intervention effects at each post-intervention time were assessed with linear mixed models.
Baseline sociodemographic characteristics showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups (p > .05). At baseline, M (SD) days of drinking and average daily alcohol intake were 12.9 days (10.5) and 20.4 g (19.2), respectively. The intervention was associated with a substantial reduction in both measures at each post-intervention time, and magnitudes of reduction increased with increasing time. Modeled intervention-related reductions in drinking days at successive post-intervention times were 5.1 (p = .031), 7.4 (p = .001), and 9.0 days (p < .001). Corresponding reductions in daily alcohol intake were 16.5, 17.4, and 25.0 g (p < .001 at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively, after the intervention). Adjustment for potential confounders and inclusion in the analysis of participants with missing data made little difference in modeled intervention effects.
TGCBI was associated with a substantial and significant reduction in drinking days and average alcohol intake through 6 months after the intervention. TGCBI could well prove beneficial for risky drinkers both inside and outside Thailand.
Request Reprint E-Mail: Chitlada.A@chula.ac.th
Alcoholism and Timing of Separation in Parents: Findings in a Midwestern Birth Cohort
We examined history of alcoholism and occurrence and timing of separation in parents of a female twin cohort.
Parental separation (never-together; never-married cohabitants who separated; married who separated) was predicted from maternal and paternal alcoholism in 326 African ancestry (AA) and 1,849 European/ other ancestry (EA) families. Broad (single-informant, reported in abstract) and narrow (self-report or two-informant) measures of alcoholism were compared.
Parental separation was more common in families with parental alcoholism: By the time twins were 18 years of age, parents had separated in only 24% of EA families in which neither parent was alcoholic, contrasted with 58% of families in which only the father was (father-only), 61% of families in which only the mother was (mother-only), and 75% in which both parents were alcoholic (two-parent); corresponding AA percentages were 59%, 71%, 82%, and 86%, respectively. Maternal alcoholism was more common in EA never-together couples (mother-only: odds ratio [OR] = 5.95; two parent: OR = 3.69). In ever-together couples, alcoholism in either parent predicted elevated risk of separation, with half of EA relationships ending in separation within 12 years of twins' birth for father-only families, 9 years for mother-only families, and 4 years for both parents alcoholic; corresponding median survival times for AA couples were 9, 4, and 2 years, respectively. EA maternal alcoholism was especially strongly associated with separation in the early postnatal years (mother-only: birth–5 years, hazard ratio [HR] = 4.43; 6 years on, HR = 2.52; two-parent: HRs = 5.76, 3.68, respectively).
Parental separation is a childhood environmental exposure that is more common in children of alcoholics, with timing of separation highly dependent on alcoholic parent gender.
Request Reprint E-Mail: mwaldron@indiana.edu
Examining Alcohol and Alcohol-Free Versions of a Simulated Drinking Game Procedure
Drinking games contribute to heavy drinking on college campuses because the rules often result in rapid alcohol consumption and increased risk of negative consequences. The current study used the Simulated Drinking Game Procedure (SDGP) to observe and describe drinking game behavior under controlled laboratory conditions.
Participants (N = 40) age of 21 and older played a laboratory version of beer pong. Participants were randomly assigned to play with either beer or water, and the study examined the differences in consumption, blood alcohol concentration (BAC) estimates, and subjective experiences within and across the beverage conditions.
Participants in both beverage conditions viewed the sessions as realistic simulations of actual drinking games. Participants who played with beer consumed more drinks and refused fewer drinks than those served water. Two measures of BAC (calculated formula and breath alcohol device) were correlated with one another and with the amount of alcohol consumed. BAC estimates based on the formula tended to be higher than readings obtained from the breath alcohol device, and the discrepancies between the two measures were higher among female participants.
The findings suggest that both the alcohol and alcohol-free versions of the SDGP are safe and ecologically valid research tools for examining drinking game behavior. The study highlights the features and limitations of both versions of the SDGP and provides a platform for continued development of the methodology, allowing researchers to address a range of clinically relevant research questions.
Request Reprint E-Mail: mms0016@auburn.edu
Effects of early postnatal alcohol exposure on the developing retinogeniculate projections in C57BL/6 mice
Previous studies on the adverse effects of perinatal exposure to ethanol (EtOH) on the developing visual system mainly focused on retinal and optic nerve morphology.
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether earlier reported retinal and optic nerve changes are accompanied by anomalies in eye-specific fiber segregation in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN).
C57BL/6 mice pups were exposed to ethanol by intragastric intubation at either 3 or 4 g/kg from postnatal days (PD) 3–10, the third trimester equivalent to human gestation. Control (C) and intubation control (IC) groups not exposed to ethanol were included. On PD9, retinogeniculate projections were labeled by intraocular microinjections of cholera toxin-β (CTB) either conjugated to Alexa 488 (green) or 594 (red) administrated to the left and right eye, respectively. Pups were sacrificed 24 h after the last CTB injection.
The results showed that ethanol exposure decreased the total number of dLGN neurons and significantly reduced the total dLGN projection as well as the contralateral and ipsilateral projection areas.
Request Reprint E-Mail: rfberman@ucdavis.edu
Concern over alcohol industry conflict of interest
An independent coalition of public health professionals, health scientists and NGO representatives has written a public letter that is addressed to the WHO Director General in response to the recent initiatives of the global alcohol producers. Individuals and organizations are invited to sign on to the statement. > > > > Read More
Alcohol News - 6/2013
YLE uutiset (Finland) - PTT: "Stronger beer prices would fall by 25% if sold in grocery stores"
The Pellervo Economic Research Institute (PTT) says that allowing grocery stores to sell stronger beer than they can at present would cause dramatic price reductions. Currently all beverages with an alcohol content exceeding 4.7 percent (so-called Class III beers) are sold exclusively by the state-run Alko retail stores.
The Local (Sweden) - 'High tolerance' cited in man's drunk driving win
A 61-year-old caught driving with a blood-alcohol level five times over Sweden's legal limit walked free after a court in southern Sweden cited his high tolerance for alcohol.
Government offices of Sweden (Sweden) - Information seminar on Sweden's alcohol policy and the role of Systembolaget
The next information seminar for diplomats will be devoted to Sweden's alcohol policy and the role of Systembolaget. Presentations will be made by Ms Sara Norell, Head of the Purchasing Department, and by Mr Ulf Sjödin, Head of Category Management, both from Systembolaget.
News in English (Norway) - Health minister rejects more wine and tobacco restrictions
A commission of health care experts has proposed a new list of restrictions to further discourage consumption of tobacco and alcohol but Heath Minister Jonas Gahr Støre apparently thinks they went a bit far. He quickly rejected several of their recommendations.
News of Iceland (Iceland) - Alcohol sales decrese
Alcohol consumption decreases steadily and has not been less for the last seven years. Alcohol sales decreased about 1.4% from January 2012 to January 2013.
Oakland Press (Canada) - Canadian study: Alcohol-related deaths decline after price increase
Increasing the minimum price of alcohol by 10 percent can lead to immediate and significant drops in drink-related deaths and may also have long-term beneficial health effects, according to a study published on Thursday.
New York Daily News - Mixing diet soda with alcohol gets you drunk faster: study
Those who mixed vodka with diet soda had breath alcohol concentrations 18% higher than those who mixed with regular soda, a study found.
Sky News (UK) - Children Of Alcoholics Face Ongoing Struggle
As Children of Alcoholics Week begins, campaigners are trying to raise awareness about the difficulties faced by youngsters who grow up in households with alcohol abuse issues.
Science Network Western Australia (Australia) - Proximity to take-home alcohol outlet increases harm, depression
A RECENT Perth-based study has shown new evidence that people with greater access to liquor outlets were more likely to consume harmful levels of alcohol and develop mental health disorders.
Telegraph.co.uk - 'Moderate drinkers' underestimate alcohol use by 40 per cent, says health chief
A new official snapshot of the country's drinking patterns found people are underestimating their consumption by up to 40 per cent.
International Business Times (Russia) - Last Call: Russia Aims To Sober Up With Proposal To Raise Drinking Age
The Russian parliament is considering a new bill that would raise the drinking age from 18 to 21 amid a nationwide campaign to cut down on alcohol consumption.
National Institutes of Health (USA) - NIH study finds missed opportunities for underage alcohol screening
Physicians often fail to ask high school-aged patients about alcohol use and to advise young people to reduce or stop drinking, according to a study led by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), part of the National Institutes of Health.
Prague Daily Monitor (Chech Republic) - Doctors have action plan to fight alcohol addiction
Experts in addiction treatment have worked out the National Action Plan to fight alcoholism in the Czech Republic, which traditionally leads international standings of alcohol consumption, doctor Petr Popov, head of the Society for Addictive Diseases, told reporters Wednesday.
Science Daily - Childhood Emotional Abuse Dramatically Strong Among Male Alcohol-Dependent Individuals
Individuals who drink excessively or are alcohol dependent (AD) have reduced central serotonergic neurotransmission, which can have an impact on planning, judgment, self-control, and emotional regulation.
LiveScience.com - Heavy Drinking Raises Risk of Divorce
Till death do us part may not apply to heavy drinkers, new research suggests. The more a person drinks, the more likely they are to end up divorced.
Sydney Morning Herald (Australia) - Women now abusing alcohol at similar levels to men
MONIQUE STEGER said she is more likely to stand out in a crowd for being sober than for getting drunk and making a fool of herself. At 24, she barely drinks, which she says makes some social situations tough.
Irish Independent (Ireland) - Ban alcohol sponsorship for sports, say bishops
Speaking in Dundalk, the vice chair of the Irish Bishops' Drugs Initiative, Bishop Eamonn Walsh, urged Irish society to support new proposals on alcohol policy that Primary Care Minister Alex White is to bring to the Cabinet next week.
Irish Times (Ireland) - Drugs, alcohol cause of rise in hospital trolley use, says HSE
An increase in drug and alcohol abuse cases has been blamed by the HSE for the recent spike in the number of patients on hospital trolleys.
RAPSI (Russia) - Interior Ministry seeks to restrict alcohol sales in airports
Airlines should be allowed to seize alcohol purchased by passengers in airport duty-free zones, Yury Gruzdev, the deputy head of the Interior Ministry's Transport Bureau, said on Friday.
Herald.ie (Ireland) - Call for cancer alert on alcohol
All alcoholic drinks should be labelled with warnings about the links between over-consumption and cancers, a report by a Seanad committee has said.
Toronto Star (Canada) - Alcohol-related deaths increase with private booze stores, study finds
Azmi Farah thinks it is only a matter of time before he can sell beer, wine and spirits at his mid-town Toronto convenience store and is skeptical about a new study linking increased private availability of booze to a hike in alcohol-related deaths.
China Daily (China) - Liquor industry faces challenges in wake of scandal, ban
Liquor companies' share prices and sales have slumped sharply before the Lunar New Year, pressured by a plasticizer contamination scandal and a ban on government and military banquets that serve alcohol.
Irish Examiner (Ireland) - Alcohol causes half of all drug fatalities
Deaths caused by alcohol are increasing and account for neary half of all drug fatalities, while fatalities from illegal drugs are dropping dramatically.
The Current Situation of Treatment Systems for Alc...
News Release - UTHealth researchers may help ...
Decreased effective connectivity in the visuomotor...
Addiction Industry Studies: Understanding How Proc...
Alcohol-Attributable Cancer Deaths and Years of Po...
Instigating Bystander Intervention in the Preventi...
Contributions of Work Stressors, Alcohol, and Norm...
Childhood Maltreatment, Alcohol Use Disorders, and...
Job Strain, Hazardous Drinking, and Alcohol-Relate...
Affective Cue-Induced Escalation of Alcohol Self-A...
Chronic mild stress increases alcohol intake in mi...
Adolescent Substance Use in the Multimodal Treatme...
Patterns of Alcohol Use and Expectancies Predict S...
Genetic Variation in the Alpha Synuclein Gene (SNC...
Effects of Memantine on Event-Related Potential, O...
Disparities in Access to Physicians and Medication...
Risky Alcohol Use and Serum Aminotransferase Level...
Relationships Among Independent Major Depressions,...
Group Influences on Individuals' Drinking and Othe...
Where and When Adolescents Use Tobacco, Alcohol, a...
Effectiveness of a Tailored Goal Oriented Communit...
Alcoholism and Timing of Separation in Parents: Fi...
Examining Alcohol and Alcohol-Free Versions of a S...
Effects of early postnatal alcohol exposure on the...
Drinking Episodes during Abstinence-oriented Inpat...
FASD News - 5/2013
The Declining Efficacy of Naltrexone Pharmacothera...
Brand-Specific Consumption of Alcohol Among Undera...
Specific and Nonspecific Effects of Naltrexone on ...
CRF1 Receptor Signaling Regulates Food and Fluid I...
Temporal Effects of Ethanol Consumption on Energy ...
Differences in Acute Response to Alcohol Between A...
Acute Alcohol Intoxication and Suicide Among Unite...
Discordant and Concordant Alcohol Use in Spouses a...
Childhood Maltreatment Affects the Serotonergic Sy...


The Czech Republic will be the first country to hold an Age-Group World Championship next year when the best 16 U21 men's teams compete for honours in Brno and Ceske Budejovice from June 23 to July 2.
Cairo is the host city for the 2017 Men's U23 World Championship from August 18 to 25. Egypt's capital is one of the most impassioned venues for volleyball in Africa and will provide a fitting setting as 12 of the best U23 teams vie for the title that Russia won in the United Arab Emirates in 2015.
The 2017 Women's U23 World Championship will take place in Slovenia from September 10-17. Capital city Ljubljana and Maribor will be the host cities as the top 12 women's U23 teams chase the chance to succeed Brazil as U23 world champions.
In 2017, the FIVB is celebrating 40 years since the first Men's U21 World Championship was held in 1977. The 19th edition of the Men's U21 World Championship will be held in Brno and Ceske Budejovice in the Czech Republic.
Mexico hosted the 2015 edition of the U21 World Championships, when Russia retained their title with a defeat of Argentina in the final and China saw off Brazil to claim bronze.
It is also a special year for the Women's Under 20 World Championship as they were first held forty years ago in 1977. They are now up to the 19th edition, which will be held in Mexico from July 7 to 16.
Puerto Rico provided a stunning location for the 2015 U20 Women's World Championship and the Dominican Republic were clearly inspired by the surroundings as they won their maiden title with victory over Brazil in the gold medal match after Italy had held off Japan to claim bronze.
The Boys' U19 World Championship is the youngest FIVB age-group tournament for males, giving the next generation of volleyball stars their first taste of global competition. The 15th edition will take place in Bahrain from August 18-27.
Poland won their first title in 2015 after they defeated hosts Argentina in the final, with Iran defeating Russia to clinch the bronze medal.
The Girls' U18 World Championship is the youngest FIVB age-group tournament for females, and was first introduced in 1989. The 15th edition will take place in Argentina from August 18 to 27, with 20 teams set to battle it out for top spot on the podium.
Italy won their first gold medal in Peru two years ago at the 2015 edition when the tournament extended to 20 teams for the first time. USA retained their silver medal from 2013 and China won bronze.