text:
When a fire breaks out in your backyard, don't go camping
Comments Off on When a fire breaks out in your backyard, don't go camping
The flames are already burning and they're licking up the leaves in the backyard.
But if you are a homeowner, you may not be able to stop them from spreading.
The American Association of Homebuilders (AAHB) recommends that homeowners not camp in front of their homes in the summer, when trees can become burned by the wind.
A number of studies show that campers who camp in the woods in the winter are more likely to be burned.
And because people camp in areas where there is little sunlight, it is possible that some fires will burn out.
The AABH also says that you should never camp outside your home.
But some homeowners are turning to camping as a last resort.
A woman from Massachusetts recently said she was camping for five days before she had to pack up and go to work because her home had burned down.
She said she didn't want to go back to the city.
A few days after she made the decision, she had a fire.
"I was trying to get it under control and keep it under a control," she said.
But the fire took over her property, and it took two days before firefighters arrived and were able to put out the fire.
She said she did not realize the extent of the damage to her home.
When the fire did spread, it damaged her home and she had no way of finding the furniture that she had left behind when she had arrived home.
She called fire department, but they could not get to her.
She said the house is still standing, and she is planning to rebuild the home and the furniture.
Some homeowners have also started campfire safety seminars in order to educate themselves on what they can do to prevent a fire from spreading to their property.
One homeowner, who requested anonymity, told FoxNews.com that she started an online class in February with her daughter, who is now an adult.
The class is open to anyone who wants to learn how to do it safely.
While some of the lessons have been effective, there is still a chance that the fire will spread to your home and your property could burn down.
"I think you can only protect yourself and your family as long as you do not live on the perimeter," said the woman, who asked that her last name not be used.
"We've seen people who live off the edge and never really thought twice about it and then this happens."
She said that she would like to see more safety programs in the future to help prevent a home from being destroyed.
Follow AP stories on fire:


text:
Q: attempt to de-reference null object when using maps to build parent-child relationship for visualforce page Products Products__c

Name
Label
Data Type
Sample Data
Sample Data 2
Sample Data 3

PDC
PDC__c
Text
ACA
ACG
TBC

PDC Desc
PDC_Desc__c
Text
Tire Size
Rim / Wheel Disc Size
Type of Toolbox

Value Desc
Value_Desc__c
Text
255/70R 22.5
22.5x8.25
None

Prod Order
Prod_Order__c
Lookup
a1C2f000001jCyYEAU
a1C2f000001jCyYEAU
a1C2f000001jCyYEAU

Product Groups Products_Groups__c

Name
Label
Type
Sample Data
Sample Data 2
Sample Data 3

Product Code
Product_Code__c
Text
ACA
ACG
TBC

Product Group
Product_Group__c
Text
Tires / Wheels / Hubs and Drums
Tires / Wheels / Hubs and Drums
Tool Boxes

Product Group Seq
Product_Group_Seq__c
Number
2
2
5

Product Seq
Product_Seq__c
Number
1
2
5

Desired VFP Results based on sample data. Sorted first by Product_Group_Seq__c then Product_Seq__c:

Tires / Wheels / Hubs and Drums

Tire Size
255/70R 22.5

Rim / Wheel Disc Size
22.5x8.25

Tool Boxes

Type of Toolbox
None

Below is my standard controller.
I am trying to get this into a parent-child map format where I can display on visualforce page with the Product_Group__c from Product_Groups__c being a header value showing all Product_Code__c and their child value Value_Desc__c from Products__c below in repeating format.
I am receiving attempt to de-reference null object
and I can see in debug it says AdjacentGroup|null

11:07:44:377 EXCEPTION_THROWN [23]|System.NullPointerException: Attempt to de-reference a null object

public with sharing class Productsv2Controller {

    public String OrderId {get;set;}
    public Map<String, Products_Groups__c> groupsMap {get;set;}
    public Productsv2Controller() {

        OrderId = ' ';

        OrderId=System.currentPageReference().getParameters().get('id');

        System.debug('...................OrderId=='+OrderId);

        Id i= Id.valueOf(OrderId);

        Map<String, Products_Groups__c> groupsMap = new Map<String, Products_Groups__c>();
        for(Products_Groups__c og :[SELECT Id,Name, Product_Code__c,Product_Group_Seq__c,Product_Group__c,Product_Priority_Level__c,Product_Seq__c FROM Products_Groups__c]){
            groupsMap.put(og.Product_Code__c, og);
        }

        for(Products__c o :[SELECT Id,PDC__c, PDC_Desc__c, Value_Desc__c from Products__c WHERE Prod_Order__c = :i]){
            Products_Groups__c adjacentGroup = groupsMap.get(o.PDC__c);

            system.debug('Group: '+adjacentGroup.Product_Group__c+' Code: '+adjacentGroup.Product_Code__c+' PDC: '+o.PDC__c+' Value: '+o.Value_Desc__c);
        }

    }
}

A: When you run into an NPE (Null Pointer Exception), you always have something in your code that partially evaluates to null.<something else>. null is a special type/value thing. It has no variables or methods (instance or static), so when Salesforce encounters null.<something else> execution cannot continue and you get an exception.
Line 23 for you is
system.debug('Group: '+adjacentGroup.Product_Group__c+' Code: '+adjacentGroup.Product_Code__c+' PDC: '+o.PDC__c+' Value: '+o.Value_Desc__c);

So either adjacentGroup is null, or o is null.
o cannot be null because it's being fed from a query, and queries never return null objects. If your query returned no rows, the rest of your for loop would not be executed.
So adjacentGroup must be null. That variable is set from the result of groupsMap.get(o.PDC__c). The issue you're running into is that the value of o.PDC__c does not exist in your map.
We don't have enough information to tell you much beyond that. Whatever your PDC__c value is does not exactly match any of the Product_Code__c values from the Product_Group__c records you queried.
While most things in Apex are case-insensitive, Sets and the keys of Maps are the two biggest exceptions. Both of them are extremely case-sensitive, so "prodcode_123" and "PRodCOde_123" are different in this context.

A: I would restructure this controller to use an inner class (sometimes called a wrapper class so your data model is easier to handle in the VF page
public inherited sharing class Productsv2Controller {

    public String orderId { // orderId lazy loader
       get {
         if (orderId == null) {
            orderId = System.currentPageReference().getParameters().get('id');
         } set;
    }

    // inner class that represents the parent-children for a single parent
    public class ProductGroup {
       public Products_Groups__c pg {get; private set;}
       public List<Product2> products {get; private set;}

       ProductGroup withProductGroup(Products_Groups__c val) {this.pg = val; return this;}
       ProductGroup withProducts(Products__c[] val) {this.products = val; return this;}
    }

    // Map used by VF page to display all parents and children
    public Map<String, ProductGroup> productGroupsByProductCode {
       get {
          if (productGroupsByProductCode == null) { // lazy load

            // Pivot order's Products__c by PDC
            productGroupsByProductCode = new Map<String,ProductGroup>();
            Map<String,Products__c[]> productsByPDC = new Map<String,Products__c[]>();

            for(Products__c p :[SELECT Id,PDC__c, PDC_Desc__c, Value_Desc__c
                                  FROM Products__c WHERE Prod_Order__c = :this.orderId]) {
                String pdcLower = p.Pdc__c.toLowerCase();
                if (!productsByPDC.containsKey(pdcLower)) {
                  productsByPDC.put(pdcLower,new List<Products__c>())
                }
                productsByPDC.get(pdcLower).add(p); // build list
            }

            // Construct the parent-child
            for (Products_Groups__c pg: [SELECT Id, Product_Code__c, ...
                                            FROM Products_Groups__c]
                                            ) {
                productGroupsByProductCode.put(pg.Product_Code__c, new ProductGroup()
                  .withProductGroup(pg)
                  .withProducts(productsByPDC.containsKey(pg.Product_Code__c.toLowerCase()
                    ? productsByPDC.get(pg.Product_Code__c.toLowerCase())
                    : new List<Products__c>());
            }

          }
       } private set;
    }
    public Productsv2Controller() {}

}

VF markup (based on VF doc) snippet
<apex:repeat value="{!productGroupsByProductCode}" var="productCode">
   <apex:outputText value="{!productGroupsByProductCode[productCode].pg.XXX__c}"/>

   <apex:repeat value="{!productGroupsByProductCode[productCode].products" var="prod">
      <apex:outputText value="{!prod.PDC_Desc__c}"/> // or whatever field(s) you want from Products__c object
   </apex:repeat>
</apex:repeat>

Some notes

*

*SObject names with plurals are a really bad idea. If this is de novo development, I'd really encourage you to singularize the SObject names

*I renamed your variables and changed to camelCase

*The inner class uses a fluent pattern (sometimes called a builder pattern) to set its properties. This is not strictly necessary but useful to learn for a variety of reasons

*Everything is done with collections which is a good way to avoid NPE;

*I agree with Derek's advice about map keys which are case sensitive

*VF controllers should ideally have empty or near empty constructors and where all the logic is either in properties/methods referenced by the page's merge fields or page action methods for action="{!doSomething} on the page.

*I didn't test this so YMMV

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Police in Melbourne have called on a driver who struck a 13 year old girl with his car to turn himself or herself in. The cyclist was struck by a dark-coloured BMW E87 1 Series car at the intersection of Bell and Sussex Streets at Coburg, in Melbourne's north, at about 8pm on Sunday.
The driver stopped briefly before leaving the scene. The girl suffered head injuries and broken bones and is in an induced coma. Her prognosis is uncertain.
He added that the girl is fighting for her life and that he believed it was uncertain if she would live. Police said that they believe the car may have sustained damage to the passenger side, front windscreen, front bumper, external mirror and headlights.
Click through to read more at 9news.com.au and at abc.net.au.


Haiti and the Dominican Republic share a border, and an island. But the two countries are very different today: the Dominican Republic enjoys higher quality of life for many factors than Haiti. I went to this island and visited both countries, to try and understand when and how their paths diverged. And I began to learn how those differences are playing out in the present. Vox Borders is a new international documentary series presented by lululemon, by Emmy-nominated videojournalist Johnny Harris. For this series, Johnny is producing six 10-15 minute documentaries about different borders stories from around the world.


Thugger has released his On The Rvn EP which features 6 songs, 'Climax' with 6LACK, 'Real in My Veins', 'Icey', 'On The Run', 'High' feat. Elton John and 'Sin' with assistance from Jaden Smith.
The Elton John song, a remix of the legendary artist's track 'Rocket Man' finally leaked last month, a couple of years after originally being recorded but was quickly taken off from the web. Fans can finally hear the final version in its proper quality tonight. This batch of songs is some of the best music Thug as dropped in a while. Stream it below.


text:
Taylor Symposium to focus on 'Invisible Indianapolis: Race and Heritage in the Circle City'
INDIANAPOLIS -- History is all around us, in spaces and places that appear commonplace but conceal amazing stories from the past. Midwestern post-industrial cities like Indianapolis have been transformed by such processes as disinvestment, urban renewal, highway construction, racial and religious discrimination, and, more recently, gentrification.
The 2018 Joseph T. Taylor Symposium at IUPUI, titled "Invisible Indianapolis: Race and Heritage in the Circle City," will explore the histories and material culture of local neighborhoods, revealing lesser-known stories of American urban life. Free presentations and workshops will take place from 8:30 a.m. to noon Thursday, Feb. 15, followed by a luncheon (for a fee), in the IUPUI Campus Center, 420 University Blvd.
A luncheon keynote address titled "What happened to the money? Black power and black capitalism" will be presented at noon by Richard Pierce, associate professor of history and Africana studies at the University of Notre Dame. The luncheon will also include the presentation of the Joseph T. Taylor Excellence in Diversity awards by IUPUI Chancellor Nasser H. Paydar.
Community participants include Jeannie Regan-Dinius, director of special initiatives for the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, and Jordan Ryan, architectural archivist and public historian at the Indiana Historical Society.
IUPUI faculty in the program include Paul Mullins, professor of anthropology; Ronda Henry Anthony, associate professor of English and Africana studies; and Kristi Palmer, associate dean of digital scholarship, IUPUI University Library.
The 2018 Taylor Symposium is presented by the IU School of Liberal Arts at IUPUI in partnership with the Department of Anthropology. Additional partners include The Spirit & Place Festival.
The annual event honors the late Joseph T. Taylor, the first dean of the IU School of Liberal Arts at IUPUI, for his many contributions to the university and to the greater Indianapolis community. The event highlights topics of interest to urban communities, particularly communities of color.
Morning symposium sessions, held in the theater on the lower level of the Campus Center, are free and open to the public, but advance registration is requested.
The noon luncheon will take place in Campus Center Room 450. Luncheon seating is limited and requires registration and prepayment. Luncheon tickets are $35 each if purchased by Feb. 1, or $40 after Feb. 1. Organizations are invited to become table patrons for the luncheon, at a rate of $550 for a table of 10.
John Schwarb
IU Communications
Email: schwarbj@iu.edu
More media resources
2 Lady Jags earn Horizon League honors
How an IUPUI professor uses art therapy to treat eating disorders

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text:
Dr. Naresh Sekhar
Managing Director, Chief Counsellor- ART
Dr. Naresh, a person with great vision, was one of the first to set up a specialized centre catering to only Infertility Treatments in India and was the backbone in the success of KIC- Hyderabad. In early nineties wherein Infertility was a relatively unknown subject and non-specialized stream in medicine, he forecasted the need and rise of infertility related specialized treatment in India which according to him was a result of changes occurring in society like increase of average marriage age, rising stress levels, pollution and lifestyle hazards such as smoking and alcohol consumption. He had forecasted that the incidence of Infertility would rise and as per his prediction, currently, about 10 to 15% of all married coupled suffer from some degree of Infertility. His vision of establishing KIC has and continues to benefit thousands of infertile couples from India and abroad to cope and get treated for infertility.
He is in charge of major executive decisions at KIC- Hyderabad and also undertakes to counsel of Gestational Carriers and Donors before recruitment.


text:
Bryan Sykes  is a Jamaican judge. He was appointed as the Chief Justice of Jamaica on 1 February 2018 and was sworn in on 1 March 2018.

References

External links
 The Supreme Court

Living people
20th-century Jamaican lawyers
Chief justices of Jamaica
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Jamaican judges

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Inadequate cooling is probably the most common air conditioner problem homeowners face. If your air conditioner fails to cool your home adequately, make sure all windows and outside doors are closed. If you're using a room air conditioner, do your best to isolate the room, closing off any connected spaces. Room air conditioners are only meant to keep a small area comfortable, and cannot maintain the temperature for an entire house.
It may also be that your air conditioner problems stem from poor service, lack of proper maintenance or a faulty installation. This can lead to a variety of problems, including low or unbalanced airflow and leaky ducts. Regular homeowner A/C maintenance will ensure that the air filter, as well as the inside and outside cooling coils stay clean for satisfactory system performance. Otherwise. your compressor and fans may need to be replaced prematurely.
Another reason for poor system performance may be an insufficient amount of refrigerant in the system. The A/C's refrigerant level has to match manufactor's specifications for optimum performance and efficiency.
The best way to handle these air conditioner problems is to be proactive and make sure you keep your HVAC systems professionally maintained without neglecting occasional DIY maintenance. Always take care to select a reliable, NATE-certitied technician for regular professional maintenance; your A/C is a significant financial investment, and should only be trusted to professonal technicians.
Electrical connections to the equipment can also cause problems with your air conditioner often. Check any fuses or breakers to see if that might be causing the failure. Make sure to let the unit cool down for at least five minutes before resetting the breaker. Check the thermostat to make sure the temperature setting is a few degrees lower than the actual room temperature and leave it set to "Auto" rather than "On" or "Fan Only."
On a particularly hot day, your air conditioner's high-pressure limit switch might be triggered, causing the compressor to stop. You can reset this easily, by locating the compressor's access panel and pressing the appropriate button.
While low refrigerant can be a result of improper installation or servicing, it can also be caused by a leak. You may be able to detect a leak by a hissing sound in the refrigerant line. If your unit does have a leak, it's important to hire an HVAC technician, rather than trying to fix it yourself. A properly trained technician can find and fix the leak, and then properly recharge the unit. You don't want the refrigerant charge to be too high or too low, but rather precisely at the recommended amount for your system.
Electrical problems can also occur inside your air conditioner. At some point, the fan controls and compressor can wear out. This is more common when a system is oversized for your home. Prevention is easy with regular maintenance service, though. During a regular maintenance call, your service technician should check all electrical contacts and connections.
During humid weather, your condensate drain may get clogged. Check that it's draining properly, and clear any blockages. Room air conditioners run into this problem frequently. If they are not mounted level because that results in inproper draining.
Over time, the cooling coils of your A/C, both inside and outside, can become covered with dirt and grime. The evaporator coil inside may attract mold or bacteria. These should be cleaned or treated regularly, since anything that impedes the heat exchange process of your A/C will reduce its efficiency and eventually cause it to break down. Also, make sure you inspect the system air filter once a month, and replace or clean it as soon as it appears dirty. A dirty filter will slow airflow and cause your equipment to work harder to compensate. Needless to say, this wastes energy and leads to premature breakdowns.
If you're having air conditioner problems or need to schedule a maintenance check in the greater Chicago area, northwest Indiana or southwest Michigan, contact us at Comfort24-7.com. We have over 40 fully licensed and insured providers ready to help you!


During Her Recording Career, Patsy Cline Made 102 Commercial Recordings: 51 For 4-Star Records and 51 For Decca Records. Of These, Five Songs Were Recorded Twice. Here Is A Listing (In Order) of the Songs Patsy Recorded.
Alternate Takes of "Stop, Look and Listen," the 1st Version of "A Poor Man's Roses," "That Wonderful Someone," "(Write Me) In Care of the Blues," the 2nd Version of "I Don't Wanta" and "Love, Love, Love Me Honey Do" Have Been Released On Various Compilations. In Addition, "Yes, I Understand," "How Can I Face Tomorrow" and "Crazy Dreams" Have Been Released Both With and Without Patsy's Overdubbed Harmony Vocals.
Occasionally, Patsy Performed Songs On Her Radio and TV Appearances, As Well As In Concert, That She Never Made Commercial Recordings of. Thankfully, Several of These Performances Were Captured For Posterity and Have Been Released To the Public.
The Recordings of "Let's Go To Church," "Let It Snow!," "I'm Hogtied Over You" and "Reuben, Reuben" Are From the TV Show "Jubilee USA," while "Remember Me" Is From the TV Show "Pet Milk Grand Ole Opry." These Performances Were Released On Home Video Only.


Leatherhead failed to make their chances count as they were held to a draw against a solid Lewes side at Fetcham Grove on Saturday.
With results going their way, a combination of wayward finishing and bad luck meant The Tanners are still only one point off the Play-Off places.
It was The Rooks who took the lead in lively opening ten minutes when James Hammond reacted first to lose ball in the box. A hopeful ball into the Leatherhead box was not dealt with properly and Hammond pounced to steer the ball under Zaki Oulah.
The goal sparked Leatherhead into life and they were level on the fifteen-minute mark. A Travis Gregory corner caused havoc in the Lewes six-yard box with Lewis Carey only palming away a header away to Jerry Nnamani who forced the ball over the line.
Following the equalizer, The Tanners started to take control of the game and should have taken the lead when Ibrahim Oultade missed a one on one with the keeper. The striker who has bee in red-hot form lately cleverly broke the offside trap after being played in Skinner but saw a tame shot pushed wide by Carey.
As the half drew to a close, it was Lewes who almost made The Tanners pay for being so profligate in front of goal. Young defender, Misha Djmali made a heroic headed clearance off the line after Harry Reed's shot had beaten Oulah and Omarr Lawson flashed a shot just wide.
The second half started with Leatherhead on the front foot as wave after wave of attacks were thwarted by The Rooks defence.
Last week's goal scorer, Dan Gallagher missed the clearest opportunity of the half as he miscued on the edge of the box after being found by cutback from John Ufuah.
As full-time drew ever closer, The Tanners missed further opportunities with Olutade shooting straight at the keep when well placed, Shaun Okojie heading wide from a corner and Travis Gregory dragging a volley wide from inside the Lewes box.
Despite the setback today, Bull is still aiming at crashing the Play-Off party; "It doesn't matter that we were second bottom in November, it doesn't matter what the budget is, it doesn't matter the age of our group, it doesn't matter how players we had when me and Macca (Martin McCarthy) started the job in may, the fact of the matter is that we are one point off the Play-Offs with three games to go. It is my job now to get us there. I class myself as a winner and I'll be disappointed if we don't get in the Play-Offs."
Next week, Leatherhead travel to Brightlingsea Regent aiming to pick up the points to move them up in the table.


text:
The lights of the aurora borealis are visible at night, most commonly in the northern latitudes. These "northern lights" have mystified peoples for thousands of years. Cultures have developed a number of stories to explain the mystery and beauty of the aurora.
Modern science tells us that the aurora borealis is caused by magnetically charged particles interacting with the Earth's upper atmosphere. Collisions between these charged particles and molecules or atoms provide brilliant color displays. Vivid reds and greens come from collisions between charged particles and oxygen atoms; low-level reds and blue or violet colors come from nitrogen.
Amazingly, Earth is not the only planet to experience auroras. They have been observed on Mars and Venus using modern satellites and equipment, not to mention the Mars Global Surveyor. Other planets experiencing auroras include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Throughout history, mankind has sought to explain these fantastical lights. Various cultures have developed many theories. Russian folklore suggests that the colors were caused by dragons who would seduce women once the menfolk were away.
The Scots called the northern lights "merry dancers" (na fir-chlis in Gaelic). The merry dancers would play in the sky, and games often ended in serious violence. To the Scots, the aurora borealis indicated unsettled weather in the forecast.
The Sami people respected and feared the northern lights. When the lights were watching, people were very quiet and very careful not to offend the lights. Those who mocked the lights were doomed – the lights would descend on the offender, killing him or her for their cheek.
Latvian folklore saw the lights as an omen of disaster. The red lights were the flickering souls of dead warriors, battling in the sky. War or disaster was sure to follow.
Yukon Gold Rush prospectors dreamed of the reflection of the "mother lode", reflected in the sky. Algonquin tribes saw the lights as ancestors, dancing near a ceremonial fire.
Through time, the aurora has been seen alternately as foreshadowing great good or great evil. Modern science provides us with a more rational explanation, one that has no room for magic and mystery. No matter what the explanation, the aurora continues to amaze us with its colourful light display.
Want to see the aurora borealis? The best time to see them is in September-October, and again in March-April. The northern latitudes are best for viewing – the further north, the better! Get ready to be dazzled.
Aurora australis, the "Southern lights", captured by NASA in September 2005. Courtesy Wikipedia.
The aurora borealis over Canada, courtesy Wikipedia.


Known for its world class products and remarkable service standards, Jashanmal has been the pioneer of department stores in the Middle East.
Encompassing a wide range of products categories such as dinnerware, cookware, bed and bath accessories, home appliances as well as luggage, the name is synonymous with excellent quality.
Some of the prominent brands available at the Jashanmal home store are Dankotuwa – the world's finest porcelain, Rimowa – the well-known luggage manufacturer from Europe, Victorinox- the leader in swiss army knives, Berghoff – unique kitchen and table ware, , Delsey - light and secure luggage, Gottinghen cutlery, Kenwood and Delonghi kitchen appliances.


Developing a B2B Marketing Strategy can be the most challenging aspect of Inbound Marketing. Complex business portfolios and multiple customer segments muddle the big picture, allowing tactics and campaigns to take priority over strategy. Sales teams with different locations, products, and goals can complicate matters.
All of these reasons amplify the importance of developing and maintaining one cohesive B2B Inbound Strategy. Developing an umbrella strategy that includes all business divisions and units, including administration, management, sales and marketing will keep everyone focused on the big picture; growing sales and profitability.
Creating and implementing an effective B2B Inbound Strategy can be the decisive factor in which companies develop an edge over their competitors.
Take a look at these building blocks for creating the perfect B2B Inbound Strategy.
The complete inbound strategy begins and ends with key performance indicators (KPIs).
To develop and implement an effective strategy, measurable goals are necessary. SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-framed) goals should be developed jointly with sales and marketing. A closed loop between sales and marketing ensures that the right KPI's can be tracked within the context of the strategy.
A key word to remember while setting your goals is "Attainable." With the agreed upon plan, are the objectives attainable? If not, it's not a goal; it's a fairy tale.
Go back and take and figure out how your strategy can align with attainable, albeit challenging, goals.
The next building block in the Inbound B2B Strategy must include well-developed buyer personas.
Focus on who the decision makers are and where, when and why they make those buying decisions.
What information can you provide them to move them toward a buying decision?
Keep your persona information fresh, amending as needed as your persona's needs and behaviors change. Educate every member of your team on how to better understand the priorities and goals of each of your buyer personas.
Bottom line: Well researched, in-depth buyer personas not only gives you insight into the kind of marketing that will attract leads, but in targeting the right people, you will drastically improve lead quality at the same time.
Each of your B2B customers generally follow a pattern in getting to the actual buying transaction. This pattern can be surprisingly consistent across many different industries. The best marketing strategy will be built to identify those critical pieces that remove friction from that pattern, allowing the potential customer to move smoothly through the natural stages of the buying decision.
These stages are referred to as the "Buyer's Journey." Mapping out your buyer's journey, and testing and learning how to remove friction from that journey is the heart and soul of long-term inbound marketing success.
At the top of the funnel, the journey begins with basic educational topics that attract prospects that are searching for causes and possible solutions to their problems. Pitching a product to someone in this frame of mind will not work very well most of the time. Creating content that connects, empathizes, and gives value to that person rather than pitching them, will close a higher percentage of them as they move toward picking a product that solves that problem.
For instance, a business owner might search Google to find out why some of his employees are having allergic reactions and sickness at work. Pitching him a mold inspection right away is a low-percentage conversion because he's not even aware at this point the cause of his problem. But when you give him educational content that leads him to understand, mold may be his problem and that he needs a professional inspection, he is much more likely to buy your service.
This is how the buyer's journey works. What pieces of educational content can you give your prospects that help them understand the what, why, how at each stage of this journey, and nudge them on toward the next stage.
Learn more about content creation and the Buyers Journey: "Guide to Matching Content with The Buyers Journey.
Pay close attention to "bumps in the road," where prospects have struggled to move forward. What compelling piece of content can be created to move them along smoothly where a large portion are jumping out of your sales funnel?
A lot of people get sidetracked in labeling their strategies as B2B or B2C. Remember, regardless of industry and size of company, at the other end of the line is a real person, not an organization. This real person is trying to solve real problems.
Being too distracted by the forest will sometimes keep you from noticing the termites eating the trees. The metaphorical groundskeeper will always be searching for a solution to that problem. They don't want to save a forest; they want to save a tree.
Being a B2B company is great, and you'll have plenty of reason to focus on the problems businesses face. But to really drive results, get to know your personas - the ones who are doing the shopping for what you provide. And focus on them like you would a B2C product.
You'll see that people and solving their problems are ultimately the deciding factor in any business transaction.


text:
Home / News / Capitals re-sign Chandler Stephenson to a two-year contract
Capitals re-sign Chandler Stephenson to a two-year contract
By Elyse Bailey
Thursday afternoon, the Capitals announced they re-signed depth center Chandler Stephenson to a two-year, $1.3 million contract.
His contract is two-way ($650,000/$125,000) during the upcoming 2017-18 season and one-way ($650,000) during the 2018-19 season. Does this sound extremely familiar? Are you experiencing some weird déjà vu feelings? You should because the Capitals made basically the exact same deal yesterday, but for goaltender Pheonix Copley.
Since being drafted by the Capitals at 77th overall in 2012, Stephenson has registered 81 points (25 goals, 56 assists) in 174 career games with Hershey. Last season, Stephenson had 38 points (10 goals, 28 assists) in 72 games which gave him a career highs in points, goals, assists, and games played. He was ranked tied for third on the Bears in games played, fifth in assists, and seventh in points.
While the 23-year-old center has spent most of his time in Hershey, he did play four games with the Capitals last season. Stephenson has appeared in 13 career games with the Capitals.
More from the Capitals:
ARLINGTON, Va. – The Washington Capitals have re-signed center Chandler Stephenson to a two-year, $1.3 million contract, senior vice president and general manager Brian MacLellan announced today. Stephenson's contract is two-way ($650,000/$125,000) during the 2017-18 season and one-way ($650,000) during the 2018-19 season.
Stephenson, 23, played in four games with Washington during the 2016-17 season and has appeared in 13 career games with the Capitals. The 6'0", 204-pound center registered 38 points (10g, 28a) in 72 games with Hershey last season, setting career highs in points, goals, assists and games played. Stephenson ranked tied for third on the team in games played, fifth in assists and seventh in points. In addition, Stephenson recorded a career-long six-game point streak (3g, 3a) from Feb. 3 to Feb. 12 and registered a career-high three assists on Nov. 18 against Syracuse. The Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, native has registered 81 points (25g, 56a) in 174 career AHL games with Hershey. He was drafted by the Capitals in the third round, 77th overall, in the 2012 NHL Draft.


text:
Dzmitry Shershan (born December 28, 1988) is a Belarusian judoka. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's 66 kg event, in which he was eliminated in the second round by Rishod Sobirov.

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
Belarusian male judoka
Olympic judoka of Belarus
Judoka at the 2016 Summer Olympics
European Games competitors for Belarus
Judoka at the 2015 European Games
Judoka at the 2019 European Games
20th-century Belarusian people
21st-century Belarusian people


Graduate students in the Department of Biology at the University of Washington receive a commitment from the entire department to support their education and research. In addition to providing five years of assistantships, we support our many of our students through endowed departmental grants for research and travel. Our students make excellent use of the many opportunities available to them, as evidenced by the extraordinary number of fellowships and awards received, the successful publication of high impact papers, and their regular contributions at national and international meetings. Our students receive additional training by participating in departmental governance, curriculum development, faculty recruitment and other activities. Together these factors combine to promote an unusual degree of professionalism and community spirit, exemplified by the annual Graduate Student Research Symposium, organized by students and attended by the whole Department.
Funding: Our department provides funding for the first five years of your program through a variety of teaching and research assistantships, fellowships, and scholarships. Students are frequently able to find fuding for the duration of their research program through these means as well.
By joining the Biology Department at the University of Washington, you will become a part of a world-class research institution. Here, graduate students are treated as colleagues by a committed faculty who work to mentor students, to provide opportunities to develop research interests, to network both on and off campus, and to publish and present their own research.
You will find a collaborative environment at the University of Washington, with faculty engaging in research with the lab next door, researchers across campus, and teams halfway across the world. Our graduate students are encouraged to collaborate similarly, seeking additional mentors and colleagues throughout the world who compliment their research interests.


text:
Strongyloidiasis duodenum: A histopathological study
Rimi Pandey, Padam Kumari Agarwal, Prashant Katiyar
Department of Pathology, Vivekananda Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Date of Acceptance 02-Jan-2020
Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode that infects humans, percutaneously and has a complex life cycle. We report a case of a thirty year old male presenting with chief complaints of profuse watery diarrhoea, abdominal fullness, loss of appetite, creepy abdominal pain and low-grade fever for the last one month. He was on corticosteroids for systemic sclerosis. Endoscopy showed thickened and oedematous duodenal folds with pinpoint areas of bleeding and multiple ulcerations on the duodenal mucosa. Histopathologial examination of duodenal biopsy revealed infestation by Strongyloides stercoralis in the duodenum, the duodenal mucosal glands were occupied by various parts of parasite. The patient was successfully treated and had uneventful recovery.
Keywords: Histomorphology of Strongyloides stercoralis, immunosuppression and strongyloidiasis, scleroderma with strongyloidiasis
Pandey R, Agarwal PK, Katiyar P. Strongyloidiasis duodenum: A histopathological study. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2021;64:165-7
Pandey R, Agarwal PK, Katiyar P. Strongyloidiasis duodenum: A histopathological study. Indian J Pathol Microbiol [serial online] 2021 [cited 2021 Jan 16];64:165-7. Available from: https://www.ijpmonline.org/text.asp?2021/64/1/165/306510
Strongyloidiasis is an intestinal nematode that infects humans, endemic in both tropical and temperate countries and has a worldwide distribution. It usually causes a mild or asymptomatic infection. However, hyperinfection syndrome can cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised states such as malignancy, HIV infection or immunosuppressive agent administration.[1] It has a complex life cycle including a direct, an auto-infective and a nonparasitic free-living developmental cycle. The filariform larvae (infective form) penetrates the skin on coming in contact with the contaminated soil to enter the circulation, reaches the lungs from where they get coughed up and swallowed into the intestine to develop into mature adult worms. This is a usual route of transmission of this parasite. Female parasites are embedded in the submucosa of the duodenum and produce dozens of embryonated eggs a day. These eggs hatch in the gut lumen of the host and release the first-stage larvae (rhabditiform larvae), which are passed out in feces. Then they develop into infective third-stage larvae (filariform larvae) or into free-living adult males and females. Alternatively, larvae may develop to the third stage (filariform larvae) within the gastrointestinal tract and penetrate the intestinal mucosa or perianal skin, restarting a new infection cycle without ever leaving their host. Autoinfection is the major characteristic feature that separates Strongyloides stercoralis from other parasitic infections.
30-year-old male, a worker in the textile industry, Surat was admitted to the male medical ward, at a tertiary care hospital with the chief complaints of profuse watery diarrhea, abdominal fullness, loss of appetite, creepy abdominal pain, and low-grade fever since last 1 month. On physical examination, he was febrile, had pallor and pedal edema. Systemic examination showed tenderness in the epigastric region, whereas the rest of the systemic examination was within normal limits. The routine laboratory investigations, including blood and stool examination, were non-contributory to the diagnosis. The total and differential leucocyte count was within the normal range (absolute eosinophil count [AEC] = 245 cells/cumm). Though clinically he was looking pale, his hemoglobin was 12.7 g%. All the viral serological markers (HBsAg, HCV, and HIV) were also negative.
He did not respond to conventional medical treatment for his gastrointestinal symptoms, hence, endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract was carried out which showed thickened and edematous folds of the duodenum [Figure 1]a with pinpoint areas of bleeding [Figure 1]b and multiple ulcerations on the duodenal mucosa [Figure 1]c.
Figure 1: Endoscopy findings: (a) Thickened and edematous folds of the duodenum. (b) Pinpoint areas of bleeding and hemorrhages. (c) Multiple ulcers and hemorrhages on the duodenal mucosa
Histopathological examination
Endoscopic biopsies were taken from representative areas of the duodenum and were submitted for histopathological examination. Serial paraffin sections were studied which revealed that the duodenal mucosa was ulcerated and infiltrated by chronic inflammatory cells [Figure 2]a. The mucosal glands were loaded with various parts and developmental stages of a parasite, suggestive of S. stercoralis. Longitudinal and transversely cut parts of the parasite were seen on serial sections. Thorough screening of the sections showed almost all the stages of the parasite development, that is, eggs, filariform larvae and rhabditiform larvae and adult worms. Filariform larvae had a notched tail end [Figure 2]b which helped in differentiating it from the rhabditiform larvae [Figure 2]c. The adult worm showed a body covered by a cuticle [Figure 2]d. Proximal end showed a buccal capsule and mid area showed esophagus and genital tract, which was identified by the presence of ovaries embedded in the wall [Figure 2]e. Eggs of Strongyloides showed characteristic eight-stage embryonic cleavage [Figure 2]f. Hence, the final diagnosis was given Strongyloidiasis duodenum.
Figure 2: Histopathology findings: (a) Ulceration and infiltration by chronic inflammatory cells in the duodenal mucosa (H: E ×10). (b) Filariform larvae with a notched tail end (arrow) (H: E ×40). (c) Rhabditiform larvae (H: E ×40). (d) Adult worm body showing proximal end covered by buccal capsule and mid area of esophagus (H: E ×40). (e) Adult female worm, body covered by cuticle showing ovaries (arrowhead) embedded in the wall (H: E ×100). (f) Eggs of Strongyloides with characteristic eight-stage embryonic cleavage (H: E ×100)
Past history revealed that the patient was a diagnosed case of systemic sclerosis and was on corticosteroids for the same for 18 months. Subsequently, skin biopsy was performed which revealed thinned out epidermis. Dermis showed an increase in fibro collagenous tissue, the sparse inflammatory reaction by plasma cells and few lymphocytes along with the adnexal structures. The final impression of the skin biopsy was given as scleroderma.
He was managed with antihelminthic therapy (praziquantel) along with the concurrent reduction of immunosuppression. The patient had uneventful recovery after the treatment for about a year.
Strongyloidiasis is an intestinal parasite remains endemic in all the tropical and subtropical countries worldwide, particularly in countries with developing infrastructure but also in developed nations.[2]
S. stercoralis has a complex life cycle, including a direct, an auto-infective and a nonparasitic free-living developmental cycle. The larva penetrates the skin to enter the circulation, reaches the lungs from where they get coughed up and swallowed into the intestine to develop into mature adult worms.[3],[4] This is a usual route of transmission of this parasite.
The parasite usually resides in the duodenum, rarely in the colon or stomach and is asymptomatic in healthy individuals, thus allowing the infection to remain undiagnosed and untreated for years. Hence, the parasite can persist in the host and increases the risk of infection among the community. The common manifestations include severe cramping, abdominal pain, watery diarrhea, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, and occasionally gastrointestinal bleeding and small bowel obstruction.[5] The present case presented with creepy abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever, which was not responding to conventional treatment.
Strongyloides have the tendency to develop the severe disease in immunocompromised patients and is a major public health concern. The immunocompromised population includes those undergoing steroid therapy or chemotherapy, and those with hematologic malignancy, kidney transplants, bone marrow transplants, human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 infection, and hypogammaglobulinemia.[6]
The present case was receiving corticosteroids for the treatment of scleroderma for more than a year and a half. The transformation of chronic infection to hyper-infection in the duodenum may have been caused by the use of steroids in this case. Blood counts in chronic parasitic infections often show eosinophilia, but the eosinophilia is often absent in hyperinfection syndrome as reported in a study by Newberry et al. in 2005. In their series, 3 out of 7 patients with Strongyloides hyperinfection had absolute eosinophil counts <400/cumm.[7] The present case also had an absolute eosinophil count of 245/cumm, which was within the normal range at the time of admission, probably because he was on corticosteroid therapy for scleroderma, which leads him to immunosuppression.
However, Strongyloidiasis is difficult to diagnose only on stool examination, as the parasitic load is low and the larval output is irregular in the majority of the patients.[8] Even after three stool examinations, positivity does not exceed 46% cases.[9] In the present case, also the repeated stool examination was inconclusive initially and was negative even after a histopathological diagnosis of the disease.
The endoscopic examination has been recognized to be an important tool for the diagnosis of Strongyloides, as the adult worms, larvae, and eggs colonize in the duodenum.[4] This procedure is the most sensitive diagnostic technique for Stronyloidiasis, with a false negative frequency of less than 10%.[10] The present case was successfully treated with praziquantel.
Strongyloidiasis is a curable disease. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy can reduce the mortality and morbidity. Unless severely infected, the clinical signs and symptoms are generally not severe and frequently nonspecific. The possibility of S. stercoralis infection should be considered as a causative agent of diarrhea particularly in an immunocompromised patient. Even in the asymptomatic state, Strongyloidiasis must be treated to avoid the risk of subsequent fatal hyperinfection. Timely initiation of appropriate therapy before the development of significant complications would be life-saving. The present case report therefore, strongly emphasizes the need for extensive investigations including endoscopic study, followed by detailed histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen, with suspicion of Strongyloidiasis, particularly in immunocompromised hosts.
The authors are grateful to Mr. S. K. Shukla, of the Pathology Department for his technical assistance.
Pukhrambam PD, Rebachandra H, Singh NB, Singh TN. Opportunistic Strongyloides stercoralis infection in an immunocompromised patient. Ind Med Gaz 2012:497-500.
Beknazarova M, Whiley H, Ross K. Strongyloidiasis: A disease of socioeconomic disadvantage. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016;13:517.
Thompson BF, Fry LC, Wells CD, Olmos M, Lee DH, Lazenby AJ, et al. The spectrum of GI strongyloidiasis: An endoscopic pathologic study. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;59:906-10.
Kishimoto K, Hokama A, Hirata T, Ihama Y, Nakamoto M, Kinjo N et al. Endoscopic and histopathological study on the duodenum of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection. World J Gastroenterol 2008;14:1768-73.
Keiser PB, Nutman TB. Strongyloides stercoralis in the Immunocompromised Population. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004;17:208-17.
Liu HC, Hsu JY, Chang KM. Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection presenting with symptoms mimicking acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Chin Med Assoc 2009;72:442-5.
Newberry AM, Williams DN, Stauffer WM, Boulware DR, Hendel-Paterson BR, Walker PF. Strongyloides hyperinfection presenting as acute respiratory failure and Gram-negative sepsis. Chest 2005;128:3681-4.
Ardic N. An oversight of Strongyloides stercoralis and its infections. Mikrobiyol Bul 2009;43:169-71.
Martin-Davila P, Fortun J, Lopez-Velez R, Norman F, Montes de Oca M, Zamarron P, et al. Transmission of tropical and geographically restricted infections during solid-organ transplantation. Clin Microbiol 2008;21:60-96.
Ganesh S, Cruz RJ. Strongyloidiasis: A multifaceted disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;7:194-6.
Rimi Pandey
Agarwal Pathology Centre, A.15, Nirala Nagar, Lucnow - 226 020, Uttar Pradesh
Agarwal PK
Katiyar P
Histomorphology of Strongyloides stercoralis
immunosuppression and strongyloidiasis
scleroderma with strongyloidiasis


We have written extensively about the scope of the Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvement Acts and the extraterritorial reach of U.S. antitrust laws. (You can read our latest update on Motorola Mobility LLC v. AU Optronics Corp. here.) Now, the scope of the U.S. antitrust laws has arisen in a different context: the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act ("FSIA").
In December 2013, the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation assigned to Judge Forrest (Southern District of New York) a series of cases alleging antitrust violations in connection with the rates for warehousing metal. One of the defendants—the London Metal Exchange (the "LME")—was accused of conspiring with metal banks and warehousers to inflate storage costs by slowing the movement of aluminum out of LME-approved warehouses. LME is a privately owned company that is headquartered in London. Plaintiffs further alleged that LME provides a platform for trading industrial metal contracts and that over 80% of the world's non-ferrous metals futures transactions occur on LME's trading platforms.
"Organ" of a Foreign State: The Court found that the LME is a recognized investment exchange ("RIE") under U.K. law. As an RIE, the LME is regulated by the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (the "FCA") and if the FCA finds that LME has failed to satisfy various requirements, it may revoke LME's status. One of these requirements is that the LME must maintain an orderly market, which it achieves by regulating certain price functions for metals traded on the exchange. Under U.K. law, actions taken by LME are immunized from private suit absent a showing of bad faith. Judge Forrest acknowledged that, "[w]hen first presented with this question . . . the Court's initial reaction was that the LME was an unlikely candidate for an organ of the U.K. Government" because it "is a privately held and for-profit company[.]" Judge Forrest held, however, that "a foreign state need not have any ownership interest in an entity for it to be an 'organ' of that state." Applying a multipart test established by the Second Circuit in Filler v. Hanvit Bank, 378 F.3d 213 (2d Cir. 2004), the Court determined that the LME is an organ of the United Kingdom because it is (1) "charged by statute with performing the decidedly public function of market regulation," (2) actively supervised by the FCA, and (3) immunized, under certain circumstances, by U.K. law.
On September 8, 2014 Plaintiffs filed a motion for reconsideration. Plaintiffs noted that LME has U.S. trademarks and has engaged in a registration process with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, both activities that suggest LME understood that it was subject to U.S. legal requirements. Plaintiffs also pointed to recent law—including a June 2014 Supreme Court decision in Republic of Argentina v. NML Capital Ltd., 134 S. Ct. 2250—that they argued undermined Judge Forrest's analysis of the FSIA. The motion for reconsideration was fully briefed on October 2, 2014, but has not yet been decided.
Just as, in initially considering Motorola Mobility LLC v. AU Optronics Corp., the Seventh Circuit expressed skepticism about applying U.S. laws to overseas conduct, Judge Forrest's recent opinion reflects a similar hesitation to apply U.S. antitrust laws to overseas corporations that are heavily regulated by their home countries. Regardless of how Judge Forrest rules on the motion for reconsideration, the case will have implications for the global conduct of corporations that perform "public functions" and are heavily regulated by other jurisdictions.


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text:
Match Report : 08/10/2016
The Iron were held to a 1-1 draw by Northampton Town, in a closely fought encounter at Glanford Park.
Sky Bet League One player of the month Josh Morris had given the hosts the lead with a cultured dead ball strike just before the half-time interval. However Northampton, who played a large chunk of the second period with ten men, equalised 15 minutes from time through Jak McCourt.
Graham Alexander opted to go with the same eleven which was victorious away at Bury last weekend.
Cobblers frontman Jonathan Hooper had the first effort of the match and it was on target too, but Luke Daniels comfortably grasped the strike.
However, Daniels' save was nothing on what visiting 'keeper Adam Smith produced minutes later. Following an in-swinging free kick from the left boot of Morris, Smith somehow spread his body to keep the ball out.
United were in the ascendancy early on. In spite of their best efforts though, the visiting backline held strong, dealing with everything Alexander's men threw at them.
They then nearly snatched the lead through a sweetly struck free-kick from Matt Taylor. Daniels was up to it however, as he dived to his left to parry the dipping strike away.
The balance of proceedings went one way and then the other, with David Mirfin the next to try his luck as the ball fell to him in the penalty area. Again though there was no way past Smith, who clung on well.
Rob Page's side then spurned a great opportunity on the half an hour mark as an unmarked Alex Revell headed wide at the back post, much to the disappointment of his manager.
The half looked as though it was heading towards a pretty nondescript ending, but Morris soon saw to that, as he put Scunthorpe ahead superbly. Smith in the Northampton goal had done well to repel the midfielder from a dead ball in the early stages of the match. However, he could do nothing about the strike this time round, as the ball sailed over him and into the top left corner of the goal.
Morris couldn't repeat his heroics a minute later when the Northampton wall held strong, and United had to settle for just a one goal lead at the interval.
Scunthorpe began the second period at a ferocious rate of knots and would have doubled their lead, if not for the outstretched leg of Smith, who foiled Tom Hopper from inside the penalty area.
They were nearly made to rue that miss seven minutes later when John-Joe O'Toole found himself in space, six yards from goal, but he could only manage to head over.
Things then got worse for Page and his players, as midfielder Taylor saw red for a dangerous challenge on Neal Bishop in the centre of the park.
The ten men rallied though and got themselves level with 15 minutes left on the clock. After Revell had initially hit the post and Murray Wallace had blocked, McCourt eventually slotted the ball home and into the back of Daniels' net.
United instantly pressed for a second, with Morris slicing wide from just outside the area after good work from the hosts on the break.
Both sides went hell for leather in the closing stages, and Daniels did brilliantly to punch a drive from distance away from danger.
Five additional minutes brought about a renewed sense of optimism amongst the United faithful, and Alexander's players tried their upmost to force the issue.
It wasn't to be though as, despite numerous crosses into the box, the Cobblers defence stood firm and clung onto a valuable point.
Scunthorpe United: Daniels, Wiseman, Wallace, Mirfin, Dawson (Madden, 83), Morris, Bishop, Hopper, Toffolo, Smallwood (Mantom, 77), Holmes (Adelakun, 87).
Substitutes not used: Anyon, Goode, Margetts, Townsend.
Northampton Town: Smith, Moloney, Buchanan, Anderson (Hoskins, 57), Diamond, Revell, McCourt, O'Toole, Nyatanga, Hooper (Richards, 87), Taylor.
Substitutes not used: Cornell, Phillips, Potter, Byrom, Gorre.
Attendance: 4,714.
Tweets by @SUFCOfficial


text:
Q: Launch Nginx on startup I was able to install and run nginx, and passenger but i'm not able to have nginx come up whenever i reboot my server. To start the nginx process i just type in sudo /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx. From my understanding anything i put in /etc/init.d with ubuntu hardy will be execute. Does anyone know the command that will mimic this command line call?
sudo /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx

A: To start nginx on boot: sudo systemctl enable nginx (doesn't start it immediately)
To start nginx: sudo systemctl start nginx

A: I am assuming you have installed nginx
If you have nginx running then stop the process using:

*

*sudo kill `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
Init script
The script shown below is from an Ubuntu 10.04 install and has been adapted to take into account our custom install of nginx.
Please create the script:
sudo nano /etc/init.d/nginx
Inside the blank file place the following:
#! /bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          nginx
# Required-Start:    $all
# Required-Stop:     $all
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description:       starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/local/sbin/nginx
NAME=nginx
DESC=nginx

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -f /etc/default/nginx ] ; then
        . /etc/default/nginx
fi

set -e

case "$1" in
  start)
        echo -n "Starting $DESC: "
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid \
                --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS
        echo "$NAME."
        ;;
  stop)
        echo -n "Stopping $DESC: "
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid \
                --exec $DAEMON
        echo "$NAME."
        ;;
  restart|force-reload)
        echo -n "Restarting $DESC: "
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile \
                /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid --exec $DAEMON
        sleep 1
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile \
                /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS
        echo "$NAME."
        ;;
  reload)
      echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration: "
      start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid \
          --exec $DAEMON
      echo "$NAME."
      ;;
  *)
        N=/etc/init.d/$NAME
        echo "Usage: $N {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2
        exit 1
        ;;
esac

exit 0

Execute
As the init file is a shell script, it needs to have executable permissions.
We set them like so:
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx

update-rc
Now we have the base script prepared, we need to add it to the default run levels:
sudo /usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f nginx defaults

The output will be similar to this:
sudo /usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f nginx defaults
 Adding system startup for /etc/init.d/nginx ...
   /etc/rc0.d/K20nginx -> ../init.d/nginx
   /etc/rc1.d/K20nginx -> ../init.d/nginx
   /etc/rc6.d/K20nginx -> ../init.d/nginx
   /etc/rc2.d/S20nginx -> ../init.d/nginx
   /etc/rc3.d/S20nginx -> ../init.d/nginx
   /etc/rc4.d/S20nginx -> ../init.d/nginx
   /etc/rc5.d/S20nginx -> ../init.d/nginx

Now we can start, stop and restart nginx just as with any other service:
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start
...
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx stop
...
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart

The script will also be called on a reboot so nginx will automatically start.

A: Thanks for the info, if someone wants step by step instructions. Go to /etc/init.d and run sudo nano nginx-passenger.sh, then paste in this code:
#!/bin/bash
# this script starts the nginx process attached to passenger
sudo /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx

save and exit. Make the file executable by typing sudo chmod +x  /etc/init.d/nginx-passenger.sh. You can test to see if the script works by typing sudo /etc/init.d/nginx-passenger.sh this will run all the code in the script. Verify that it launches nginx before continuing.
Then run sudo update-rc.d nginx-passenger.sh defaults while still in the /etc/init.d directory. Once all of this is in place, reboot your server and ngnix should now be automatically spawned on startup

A: /etc/init.d is just the location for the start up scripts to live.  But having a script there doesn't do anything automatically.
The init system uses the symbolic links in the /etc/rc#.d directories to the scripts in the /etc/init.d folder.  The name of the symbolic link needs to start with an S to run the script with the start option and K to run the stop option followed by a priority number and then the name of the script.
See the following for more info
/etc/init.d/README
/etc/rc1.d/README
/etc/rc2.d/README
Alternatively you can put your command you want to run into the /etc/rc.local script which is run after the system boots and finishes executing all the scripts in the /etc/rc2.d/ folder.

A: Check this link:
https://github.com/JasonGiedymin/nginx-init-ubuntu
They provide a nginx init.d script to run in ubuntu.

A: I use this script to start a passenger-backed nginx:
http://library.linode.com/development/frameworks/ruby/ruby-on-rails/nginx-ubuntu-8.04-hardy

A: My nginx is a self-compiled version provided with Passenger. No init scripts were included.
Nginx provides a systemd service file:
[Unit]
Description=The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=syslog.target network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

I had to edit the paths and signals to fit my installation. For a CentOS system, like mine, the file path should be /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.

A: For reference: I just followed the instructions and script for Maverick provided by Linode at  http://library.linode.com/frameworks/ruby-on-rails-nginx/ubuntu-10.10-maverick


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text:
James Vincent McMorrow Talks Booting the Bottle, Post Tropical and Game of Thrones
The Irish native checked in from Dublin ahead of his highly-anticipated Australian tour.
By Jasmine Crittenden
"Touring is the only job in the world, I think, where you are a professional and you drink," James Vincent McMorrow muses from a phone somewhere in Dublin. "If you were an accountant or even if you were an actor and you drank at the levels that some touring bands do, you wouldn't be able to function."
Two years ago, he decided to give the bottle the boot. Not because he had an uncontrollable drinking problem, but because he wanted to "see what would happen".
"At that point in my career, everything was on a really intense upswing and I was playing big shows. It's not that I wasn't enjoying [drinking], it's just that I didn't feel that I was in control of what I was doing. I didn't think I was doing it justice in the way that I wanted to." In a January 2014 Guardian interview, McMorrow identified a packed-out show at London's Festival Hall as a turning point. "The biggest show I'd ever played in this country... I got off stage and thought — did that go well? I don't know," he told journo Tom Lamont.
At first, the sobriety inspired a sizeable dose of performance nerves. "I became incredibly aware of my hands and started making mistakes again," he recalls. "I used to think that you needed to drink to get out of your own way mentally and create. But it actually made me think from a much clearer perspective."
CREATING POST TROPICAL
When work began on second album, Post Tropical, the music flew thick and fast. "I had better ideas than ever before... I was much more ambitious."
Where 2011 debut Early in the Morning was folk-ish and harmony-fuelled, Post Tropical sees McMorrow delve into new territory – R&B influences, dashes of Rhodes, electronica and intricate layering. There's hardly an acoustic guitar to be heard. The songs were assembled over the course of eight months and recorded "on a pecan farm half a mile from the Mexican border" — where the likes of the Yeah Yeah Yeahs, Animal Collective, Beach House and At The Drive In have laid down tracks. "It's the perfect place to make music... I don't think I'll record anywhere else again. I came for the equipment and stayed for the view," he adds, laughing.
McMorrow sees putting together a song is akin to solving a Rubik's Cube. "Every time I look at it, there's a couple less red squares. Then I keep going and I take a look at the other side. It might go the wrong way, or it might get better. And one day, it's just done. I'll listen to it and there'll be nothing in it that doesn't make me happy."
ON BEING YOUNG AND MUCH MORE SERIOUS
The songwriting process wasn't always so intuitive for the Irish native. McMorrow remembers a younger and much more serious version of himself. "I think I went from trying to be a musician to being a musician and that was a very big change. I don't examine music anymore; I follow it where it leads me. I used to question — you'd worry about whether you were good enough, or whether you could do the things that needed to be done. But I don't worry about that anymore. I still challenge myself every day and push myself infinitely harder than I ever did, but I do it with a sense of knowing what I'm doing and how to get there."
Back in his worrying days, he spent hours reading some pretty meaty literature. "I became really obsessed with people like John Steinbeck, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner and the American idea — between 1900 and the 1930s and '40s. It's quite funny, because if I examine the books I read and where I was at musically, I can connect the dots quite quickly. I read a lot of heavy books like The Sound and The Fury, and because I was writing music there was a certain element: 'if I read these serious things then I want to write about serious things.'"
ON GAME OF THRONES
These days, however, he'll "read anything that's put in front of [him]". Even if the writing isn't quite up to scratch. "I just read the entire Game of Thrones, everything up to the point where it finishes," he explains. "I read it because I started watching the series and I got annoyed because it was ending, so I thought I'd read the book. But then I realised the books were really, really long and kind of weirdly written. I don't know if you've read fantasy novels before but they're kind of... they're not the most amazing writing in the world, even though the story is obviously compelling. And when I started reading them I didn't realise that [George R. R. Martin] hadn't finished the series. So I got to the last book and found out he had two more to write still!"
Fortunately, he's moved onto Hans Fallada's Alone in Berlin, which he describes as "really beautiful". And McMorrow has a plethora of tour dates to keep him busy between reads.
JAMES VINCENT MCMORROW TOUR DATES:
Wednesday 21 May — Astor Theatre, Perth
Friday 23 May — Queensland Performing Arts Centre, Brisbane
Tuesday 27 May — Forum, Melbourne
Thursday 29 May — Concert Hall, Sydney Opera House (Vivid LIVE)
Saturday 31 May — Concert Hall, Sydney Opera House (Vivid LIVE)
Published on May 20, 2014 by Jasmine Crittenden
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text:
Fordia brachybotrys är en ärtväxtart som beskrevs av Elmer Drew Merrill. Fordia brachybotrys ingår i släktet Fordia och familjen ärtväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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Real estate prices in many parts of the country are beginning to fall due to the real and perceived effects of climate change on land use. What is happening on the land is an indicator that a climate bubble is forming. The probability of it bursting is increasing — in some places at breakneck speed. On Friday, state water officials in California announced that they will stop supplying local water agencies that serve 25 million residents and three quarters of a million acres of farmland. The price of that land will inevitably be affected – and severely. In cut-off communities, the specter of living on water delivered by trucks will slow the pace and lower the price of home and business sales. The need to prove water supplies into the future to secure land use approvals in Colorado causes developers to buy water rights from farms and ranches, greatly diminishing their productivity, property values, and the nation's food supply. Record high temperatures in Kansas affect crop production, increase the cost of crop insurance, and lower the sales price of farmland. Some climate forecasts predict that in the not-too-distant future corn will no longer grow in Kansas. Corn-belt towns dependent on agriculture will experience a precipitous decline of business and property values.
Along the Atlantic coast in Virginia, past storm surge damage and recent inundation due to sea level rise are affecting the price of shoreline residences and businesses and causing port facilities and military installations to consider the costs of relocation. Rebuilding along the New York and New Jersey coast is delayed because of the difficulty of collecting on flood insurance, the slow pace of delivering federal assistance, the high cost of elevating new buildings under newly released FEMA flood plain maps, the reluctance of lenders to invest, and the fact that many of these properties are nonconforming uses under local zoning. These factors and the still-frightening recollection of the damage and despair wrought by the nightmare called Sandy are slowing sales and lowering prices in many neighborhoods, giving new meaning to "underwater" properties.
Until Congress restored subsidies for flood insurance last week, the climate bubble in newly designated FEMA high risk zones nearly popped. Homeowners experienced significant increases in flood insurance premiums, in some cases ten-fold. For many, this meant a choice between paying for insurance or their mortgage. For sellers, this means that the remaining buyers not frightened away by the prospect of future storms need higher incomes to be able to qualify for mortgages where incomes need to be high enough to cover principal, interest, taxes, and insurance. Last week's amendment to The Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act may have simply forestalled the inevitable. Biggert-Waters greatly reduced federal subsidies for flood insurance in vulnerable coastal areas in an attempt to save the nearly bankrupt federal flood insurance program by transferring the cost of insurance from taxpayers to property owners. The program is nearly $25 billion in debt due to the damage caused by Katrina, Irene, Isaac, and Sandy. The amendment, which rolls back or delays premium increases, drives the insurance fund precariously close to bankruptcy, which — when it comes — will surely prick the climate bubble.
A countervailing federal action was taken in February, 2013 when the nonpartisan Government Accountability Office (GAO) added climate change to the list of issues that pose the greatest risks to the U.S. The GAO noted the potentially huge costs to the taxpayers of paying for damage to physical infrastructure, insurance costs, and disaster relief. This GAO initiative was followed in October with the announcement of a year-long study entitled Risky Business that will report later this year on the economic risk of climate change on various private sector businesses and geographic regions in the United States.
Meanwhile, at the local level, communities are struggling to amend their land use regulations and to develop processes that discourage or prevent building in vulnerable coastal areas. Their efforts to create no-build zones in the riskiest areas are muted by the threat of regulatory takings actions under Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council, where the U.S. Supreme Court held that regulations that take all value are per se takings requiring just compensation. Whether this 22-year-old case is still viable given the new knowledge of climate change is uncertain. Local efforts to tighten up on regulations that currently allow building in highly dangerous areas communicate to buyers that building and rebuilding in threatened areas is, indeed, risky business and should be avoided as sea levels rise and temperatures spike. Under the age-old concept of caveat emptor, buyers may soon enough learn not to invest in properties in threatened places. If they don't the bursting of the climate bubble will certainly change their minds. Even Congress may then get the message and reconsider its inaction on cap and trade and carbon tax initiatives and begin helping local governments develop best practices to guide and encourage new development and redevelopment into areas adaptable to the certain effects of climate change that lie ahead.


text:
/**
 * Support and FAQ: visit Atmel Support
 */
#include <asf.h>

void configure_rtc_count(void);

//! [rtc_module_instance]
struct rtc_module rtc_instance;
//! [rtc_module_instance]

//! [initiate]
void configure_rtc_count(void)
{
//! [set_conf]
	struct rtc_count_config config_rtc_count;
//! [set_conf]

//! [get_default]
	rtc_count_get_config_defaults(&config_rtc_count);
//! [get_default]

//! [set_config]
	config_rtc_count.prescaler           = RTC_COUNT_PRESCALER_DIV_1;
	config_rtc_count.mode                = RTC_COUNT_MODE_16BIT;
#ifdef FEATURE_RTC_CONTINUOUSLY_UPDATED
	config_rtc_count.continuously_update = true;
#endif
	config_rtc_count.compare_values[0]   = 1000;
//! [set_config]
//! [init_rtc]
	rtc_count_init(&rtc_instance, RTC, &config_rtc_count);
//! [init_rtc]

//! [enable]
	rtc_count_enable(&rtc_instance);
//! [enable]
}
//! [initiate]

int main(void)
{
	/* Initialize system. Must configure conf_clocks.h first. */
//! [system]
	system_init();
//! [system]

//! [add_main]
	configure_rtc_count();
//! [add_main]

//! [implementation_code]
//! [period]
	rtc_count_set_period(&rtc_instance, 2000);
//! [period]

//! [main_loop]
	while (true) {
//! [main_loop]
//! [check_match]
		if (rtc_count_is_compare_match(&rtc_instance, RTC_COUNT_COMPARE_0)) {
//! [check_match]
//! [compare_match_action]
			/* Do something on RTC count match here */
			port_pin_toggle_output_level(LED_0_PIN);
//! [compare_match_action]

//! [clear_compare_match]
			rtc_count_clear_compare_match(&rtc_instance, RTC_COUNT_COMPARE_0);
//! [clear_compare_match]
		}
	}
//! [implementation_code]

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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In this talk, Gail presents the contours of the challenge that is climate change — namely how to grasp in meaning or action such a wicked problem and hyperobject: something not directly seen and experienced, so radically nonlocal and involving of multiple disciplines, that exists on timeline we can't easily conceive of, and regarding a future we can only approximate. Making sense of an issue this complex is slippery and plastic, and how we then engage it even more so.
The talk presents some good news about the climate change field at present, describes certain gaps that persist, and then dives into the avant-garde of where we may venture in terms of cc engagement in the future.
The gaps, however, are that we have not tetra-meshed, that there remains a glaring flatland in what is actually a multilayered depth of consciousness in the meaning-making and subsequent actions taken about climate change. Moreover, scales are conflated in an unhelpful way. We haven't fully recognized that adaptation in a climate change context can't just be about technical problem solving—it can't just be about farmers adapting to a dysfunctional, unjust system, occurring at a larger-scale, which produces climate change and vulnerability in the first place—rather this involves construing the problem, life, society and self in entirely new ways. That is, adaptation has stretch to include transformation.
Following on that, she goes into the avant-garde, moving from dust to Divinity, conceiving of how we cannot turn away when asked to show up, and back again, seeking to not leave out even the most vulnerable.
Hi Gail, thanks for a very stimulating talk. How can I find information on the carbon monitoring app in Guatemala you mention?
Caroline, I can find out for you! It was in development last Dec, and I am not sure if they have a beta out yet, but I will see. It's coffee harvest there now, so bear with me if it takes some time to get an answer. I am glad you liked the talk.
Thanks Gail that would be great. I am working with farmers in the Pacific and something like this would be really useful.
All the best with your wonderful work!


text:
Econproph on Macro
Jim's Guide for the Principles of Macroeconomics Course
Units 1-6: Structure
Unit 1: Thinking Macro
Jim's Guide 1
Unit 2: Circular Flow
Closer Look 2
Worksheet Unit 2
Unit 3: Growth and GDP
Unit 4: Price Stability & Inflation
Unit 5: Full Employment
Unit 6: Business Cycle
Unit2 7-10: Real Sector
Unit 7: AD-AS Model
Unit 8: Classical Theory
Unit 9: Keynesian Theory
Unit 10: Fiscal Policy, Government Budget, and Debt
Jim's Guide 10
Closer Look 10
Practice 10
Units 11-13: Financial
Unit 11: Money and Banking
Closer Look 11 (alt)
Worksheets 11
Unit 12: Central Banks, Risks, and Regulation
Unit 13: Monetary Policy
Units 14-15: Open
Unit 14: Open
Unit 15: Review and Summary
Full Employment and Measures of Unemployment
We've looked at two of society's four major goals for it's macro economy, which means we have two goals left. Those two goals, stable and predictable growth and full employment of labor, are closely related, so we will study both in this unit. The issue of the stability and predictability of growth in an economy is described as the "business cycle".
Learning Objectives for the Unit:
Calculate and explain measures of … unemployment and the business cycle.
Calculate an unemployment rate using the simple formula.
Describe ways in which changes in the unemployment rate might be deceptive.
Describe the types of unemployment and identify examples of each.
Goal: Full Employment
There is still one major goals left: full employment of our resources. Typically, we measure how well a society achieves its goal of full employment of resources by looking at how well it is using its labor resources. Part of the reason for this goal is humanitarian: if some people are unemployed, it's hard for them to live. But there's a broader, more macro-oriented rationale as well: the economic problem. As a society, we have unlimited wants, but we have limited, scarce resources. Doing "the best we can" means making the best use of all our resources. The most important resource any society has is its available labor. For a society to reach its production possibilities, it must use all he available labor, and ideally, use that labor efficiently.
To measure how well society is using the available labor would seem to be an easy issue. It would appear that a simple percentage number could tell us how what portion of our available labor force is not being used, or is not "employed". Indeed, this is the concept behind the most commonly used employment measure: the unemployment rate.
At its simplest, the unemployment rate is the "number of unemployed workers" divided by the "total labor force – the number of available workers. Of course we typically convert this division into a percentage number. This unemployment rate gets tremendous publicity. It is published for the previous month by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Government on the first Friday of each month, along with a slew of other employment related data in the "Monthly Employment Report". Unfortunately, like GDP, the unemployment rate is not a perfect measure. It may be the best we have, but it has flaws. It shouldn't be regarded as a precise measurement. It's only an approximation. It is subject to errors. More importantly, the way it is calculated leads to the potential for changes in the unemployment rate to give deceptive feedback about how the economy is doing.
In concept, the unemployment rate should tell us how well we are using our available labor resources. A low and decreasing unemployment rate should indicate a growing economy that's creating opportunities for all workers. A high and increasing unemployment rate should indicate a slowing economy that's entering a contraction and not providing opportunities. In general, over the long haul, the unemployment rate tends to do this. But changes in the unemployment rate can also provide distorted signals. It is possible that a contracting economy would actually show a decreasing unemployment rate for a while. Likewise, an economy that suddenly starts growing may show an unemployment rate that is increasing for a while. To better understand how this can happen, see the Closer Look on Unemployment Measures.
Economists do follow and use the unemployment rate statistics closely, particularly when looking at longer-term trends. However, in the very short-term, most economists also look closely at the absolute number of new jobs being created each month. In other words, while unemployment rate is important, the month-to-month increases in the total number of employed workers is also very important. Often the change in total employment will help identify when the unemployment rate is giving a distorted signal about the economy.
Types of Unemployment: Why are people unemployed?
Not all unemployed workers have the same effect on the macroeconomy. A lot depends on why the workers are unemployed. For this, economists identify four types or groups of unemployed workers based on why or how they became unemployed. There are no official statistics published about these different types of unemployment. Instead, these are analytical categories that economists use when doing small surveys or when theorizing about the dynamics of the economy. Nonetheless, it is important to understand the four types.
Seasonal Unemployment – Some workers become unemployed because their jobs are seasonal. For example, ski resort workers are often unemployed in the summer. Summer camp workers are unemployed in winter. Many outdoor construction jobs disappear in the winter months, also. Seasonal unemployment tends to be predictable, and conceptually, isn't a real macro economic policy worry. The jobs will return next year when the season returns. Fortunately, advanced statistical techniques allow economists to remove much of the effects of seasonal unemployment from reported unemployment and employment data. This is what is meant by "seasonally adjusted data".
Structural Unemployment – Some workers are unemployed because of long-term changes in the structure or technology of the economy. For example, at one time, the economy needed large numbers of railway workers. But as the economy increasingly shifted towards shipping goods by trucks and people by airplanes, we didn't need as many railway workers. They became unemployed. Some of them had specialized skills that could only be used with railroads. Even if the economy was booming, these specialized workers would be unemployed until they developed other skills. Macro economic policy cannot change structural unemployment. Only job retraining, education for other jobs, and moving of workers can remedy structural unemployment.
Frictional Unemployment – On any particular day some people are unemployed because they are looking for jobs AND there are open jobs for them. The job-seeker and the employer simply haven't found each other yet. As most of you know, finding a job isn't an easy process. There's a lot of searching and interviewing going on. At a macro-economic level, these "workers-between-jobs" are good. It's part of the process of the economy finding the right job for the right workers. Ideally, we do no want to eliminate frictional unemployment. If there were no frictional unemployment, then that would mean there were no workers looking for and being interviewed for better jobs. The economy would be stagnant. From a macro economic policy standpoint, frictional unemployment is OK.
Cyclical Unemployment – This is the type of unemployment we want to avoid. Cyclical unemployment happens when the business cycle is either contracting or just starting to recover. We fully expect the economy to have need for workers with these skills, but right now the employers aren't doing enough business to employ them. Workers who get laid off during a recession are the classical example of cyclical unemployment. We want macro economic policy to eliminate cyclical unemployment.
How Can 4 or 5% Unemployment Be "Full Employment"?
Understanding these four types of unemployment helps to explain why economists can say an economy that has reported unemployment of perhaps 4.5% is actually at full employment. The economists are not saying that 4% is close enough and that these unemployed workers don't matter. Economists describe 4% to 4.5% unemployment as being full employment because it estimated that frictional unemployment is approximately 4%. So, if the reported actual rate is 4% and we estimate that frictional unemployment tends to run around 4%, it stands to reason that there is 0% cyclical unemployment. It should always be kept in mind that we only have estimates of how much unemployment is frictional – there is now way to formally measure it. Throughout the rest of the course we will often refer to the economy either being at "full employment" or "having substantial unemployment". What we will mean in practical terms is that an economy at "full employment" is reporting approximately 4-4.5% unemployment. Anything greater than a reported 4% unemployment rate is likely to be cyclical or structural unemployment.
This unit wraps up our units on structure, goals, and measurement of the macroeconomy. Next, we will start a new part of the course where we look at models/theories of the real sector of the economy. An important part of the next section will be the centuries old debate about whether government can or should manage the economy. It's a debate that is still very much alive among both today's economists and today's politicians.
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LONDON: United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) founding member and former leader Nigel Farage on Tuesday confirmed that he will be leaving the party over its anti-Muslim stance, ending a 25-year association with the party.
"And I, with a very heavy heart, given how much I've cared for this party, the people within it, have reached, I think, a very sad decision, certainly very sad for me, that I simply can't go on with it," The Hill quoted Farage as saying on the radio show 'Leading Britain's Conversation'.
"I don't recognise the party as being the one I helped to found and fought for all of those years. I believe the brand has been so damaged, so tarnished, that it's not able to pick up and won't be able to pick up the political opportunity that's there, staring it in the face. So with very great reluctance I have, as of now, resigned my membership with UKIP," Farage added.
An ally of United States President Donald Trump, Farage was instrumental in the push for Brexit, UK's efforts to withdraw from the European Union (EU). Having been with the UKIP since 1992, Farage became critical of the party since stepping down from its leadership.