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An expense is marked with a minus sign (–).
A monthly invoice for computer services is variable given the quantity of supplied services – the average quantity is 20 days, i. e. 20 days x 8 hours per day for each month.
Do you want to know your monthly/yearly profit and costs?
If you decide to apply flat-rate expenses (column "Amount in EUR (flat-rate)"), it is not necessary to keep accounting books. Therefore, you will not apply common business expenses, just flat-rate expenses + health insurance + social insurance). For income in 2019 and later, the maximum flat-rate expenses amount to 20,000 EUR per year and 60% of total income per month (the flat-rate row in the table).
In the second business year, you become obligated to pay social insurance and road tax for a motor vehicle. The minimum amount of social insurance is around 158.11 EUR per month (the amount does not include optional unemployment insurance). The amount of road tax is determined based on the vehicle's registration in a territorial unit and cylinder capacity.
* Self-employed persons will be able to apply flat-rate expenses amounting to 60% of their taxable income up to 20,000 EUR per year.
This article provides all the necessary information about non-taxable items.
The indicative yearly comparison of common expenses and flat-rate expenses shows that flat-rate expenses are more profitable. Their great advantage is that you do not have to physically keep any receipts, invoices or documents.
In addition to flat-rate expenses, a sole trader reduces his/her tax base by paid health and insurance contributions.
All other expenses associated with the subject of your trade licence.
The calculation of yearly profit is indicative. It was made as at 31 January 2019. The amount of costs and insurance contributions may change as per applicable legislation.
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TITANS freelancers, s.r.o. with its registered seat at Jégeho 16999/8, 821 08 Bratislava – Ružinov, Company ID: 47 047 224 (hereinafter the "Company") informs the Candidate ... that it processes his/her personal data pursuant to Article 10 of Act No. 122/2013 Coll. on Personal Data Protection, as amended, in the scope: name, surname, address, business name, address of the registered seat, Org. ID (IČO), date of birth, e-mail address, phone number, age, qualifications, work experience and other data provided voluntarily by the Candidate.
By sending his/her CV, which also includes this consent, the Candidate grants a consent to the Company to process his/her personal data until 24.04.2069 period in the above scope, and to provide, disclose and transfer them across the border to the legal and natural persons that will be interested in the supply of the services provided by the Candidate. The Candidate has the right to revoke his/her consent at any time by delivering a written revocation of his/her consent to the Company's address.
The purpose of the processing of the Candidate's personal data is to create an opportunity for the Candidate to conclude a commercial-law contract with the Company, whose subject matter will be the supply of the services provided by the Candidate to a third party, depending on the requirements of third parties that have expressed interest in the supply of the services provided by the Candidate.
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The Data Subject's personal data may be provided to the legal and natural persons that will be interested in the supply of the services provided by the Data Subject. The Candidate's personal data may be transferred across the border, and the Candidate expressly agrees, given his/her interest, with the transfer of his/her personal data to any third country for the above purpose.
The Data Subject who provides personal data has the right to request a proof of identity of the Authorised Person collecting personal data, or a credible proof of affiliation of the Authorised Person with the entity on whose behalf the Authorised Person acts. The Authorised Person shall grant such request of the Data Subject without undue delay. The Data Subject has the right to revoke his/her consent with the processing of personal data at any time by delivering a written revocation of his/her consent to the Company's address. The Data Person has been advised that the consent with the processing of personal data is voluntary. Other rights of the Data Subject are contained in APDP.
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You can customize the look and feel of Access ACS. Use the options on the Themes tab to blend the Access ACS program with the style of your website.
To access the Themes page, point to Admin, then click Options.
Select one of our pre-existing themes. Preview the changes in the preview window; to apply the changes to your program, click Apply. Click Default at any time to restore the Access ACS default theme.
You can customize a theme for your website in Access ACS. Click Customize to create your own theme.
You can customize much of your Access ACS website to your tastes. Selecting your organization's logo is one option you can customize.
On the Themes page, click Customize, then click Select Logo.
To locate your custom logo, click Browse.
To see how your logo will look in the Access ACS program, click Preview.
In the Logo Link field, enter your website's URL to make the logo a link to your website.
Click Apply to add your custom logo, or click Cancel to exit. If you do not like the look of your custom logo, click Reset Logo to restore the default Access ACS logo.
When theming Access ACS, you can select a background color for your Access ACS site.
On the Themes page, click Customize, then click Select Background.
To locate your custom background, click Browse.
In the Page Background Color field, enter a color number. For example, for yellow enter #ff0. You can also click and choose a color.
In the Body Background Color field, enter a color number. For example, for yellow enter #ff0. You can also click and choose a color.
Click Apply to apply your custom background.
You can select menu bar colors for your organization's Access ACS website.
On the Themes page, click Customize.
Click Select Menu Bar Colors.
Enter a color number for each menu bar, such as #69c for light blue. You can also click , and choose a color. The preview window changes to reflect your selections.
Click Apply to apply your custom menu bar colors.
You can customize the title bar's color on your Access ACS website.
Click Select Title Bar Colors.
Enter a color number for each title bar, such as #036 for dark blue. You can also click and choose a color. The preview window changes to reflect your selections.
Click Apply to add your custom title bar colors.
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Enter a color number for each grid, such as #69c for light blue. You can also click and choose a color. The preview window changes to reflect your selections.
Click Apply to add your custom grid colors.
You can select the hyperlink and button colors for your Access ACS website.
In the Link Color and Link Hover Color fields, enter a color number. For example, #036 for dark blue. You can also click and choose a color. The preview window changes to reflect your selections.
In the Button Color and Button Text Color fields, enter a color number. For example, #036 for dark blue. You can also click and choose a color. The preview window changes to reflect your selections.
Click Apply to add your custom link colors.
Using the Themes portion of Access ACS, you can customize much of your website to your particular tastes. Selecting your default font, text, and emphasis colors are just a few of the many options you can customize.
Click Select Default Font and Text Colors.
Select a font from the Default Font drop-down list.
In the Default Text Color and the Emphasis Text Color fields, enter a color number. For example, enter #c00 for red. You can also click and choose a color. The preview window changes to reflect your selections.
Click Apply to add your custom default font and text colors or click Cancel to exit.


In Parsha Ki Tavo we are commanded to place the first of the produce of the land in a basket and take it to the priest, who is to take that basket and place it before the altar. The question before us today is why is the first required and not the best? What is it about beginnings that makes their dedication so important?
There are two answers to this question, both important. The first answer is that beginnings form a foundation upon which the remainder of the enterprise is built. Those who have been in construction understand that time, effort and money spent on the foundation pays dividends later in the project. If the foundation is not solid, level and true the building may not stand. Even if it does, the amount of time and labor needed to compensate for a poor foundation during the rest of the job will be many times greater than any possible savings from skimping at the start.
This principle is at work in God's instructions to the nation for entering the land of Israel. They were to set up a monument on the other side of the river upon which they were to write the Torah. They were to proceed to Mt Eval where they pronounce curses upon those who sin in secret. They were to bring the first fruits of the harvest before God and verbally acknowledge that all of their wealth comes from Him.
A very good structure can be made with common materials if the foundation is sound. Paul echos this principle in Romans when he says of the Jewish people, "For if the firstfruit is holy, the lump is also holy; and if the root is holy, so are the branches."
The second answer has to do with trust. If you bring the first to God, you are saying that you trust in Him that what follows will be enough to sustain you. While this may not be so obvious in agriculture where you bring the first of an entire field, it is more so in finances where you pay your tithe first and trust in Him to get you through to the next paycheck.
In either case, beginnings are important to God and so to us.


On this day in 1964, The Beatles made their live concert debut in the U.S. at the Washington Coliseum. Over 350 police surrounded the stage to keep the 8,000-plus screaming fans in control. One police officer found the noise so loud, he stuck a bullet in each ear as earplugs.


Add an original style to your wardrobe with the Throwback navy and teal drip dyed hoodie from Neff. This woven design features an adjustable drawstring hood and dual front hand pockets. The dip dyed construction is a gradient of navy blue to teal for a fun, eye-catching style.
Throwback Navy & Teal Dip Dyed Hoodie from Neff.
Dip dyed construction in navy and teal blue.
Neff logo graphic embroidered at the left chest.


The simple, traditional low level styled Elan Futon Bed frame is available in a choice of two widths and timber finishes.
The timber frame is manufactured in FSC Certified (managed forest) Scandinavian redwood pine from Europe and features a simple style base with strong flat timber pine slats for even, firm support. You can choose to use the frame in conjunction with traditional compressed rice straw tatami mats that drop into the frame surround, or on its own with your mattress supported by the pine slat base.
The Elan Futon Bed can be purchased as a frame only, in a 140 x 200 cm European double bed size or the truly massive 160 x 200 cm super king size, or combined with one of our futon mattresses in a choice of fillings to suit your requirements. Follow this link for more information on our Futon Mattresses, then make your selection from the menu above.
IMPORTANT Note: The mattress size needed for the Elan bed is European size at 200 cm long, if you are buying a futon mattress from us it will be sized to fit, if using a different mattress type please ensure you get a 200 cm length. For FULL bed dimension information click on the Data Sheet tab at the top of this description.
The Elan bed is available on 3 to 4 weeks delivery at present.
Height 20 cm with no mattress, approx 35 cm with mattress depending on mattress type.
Futon frame materials Scandinavian redwood pine frame outer with pine slatted base, available in a natural or black finish. Pine is FSC certified from managed forests. Option for rice straw tatami mats, see menu for choice.
Delivered flatpacked? Yes, for easy travel to your home. Allow 1 to 1.5 hours to unpack and assemble, lots of parts but straightforward, logical assembly - typically Danish.
How long for delivery? At present a special order item taking 3 to 4 weeks.


text:
Q: Including Linux Headers returns No such file or directory I'm trying to write a C code that will make use of the memory information in Linux kernel (Virtual address space of a process, status of a process and such info.)
I'll need to include the below headers to get these info.
#include<linux/init.h>
#include<linux/module.h>
#include<linux/mm.h>

The actual files exists under the linux folder, but when compiling the file using gcc it returns that

No such file or directory

Can someone please explain why i'm getting this error! and what should i do?

*

*I've already compiled the Kernel and installed all updates available (kernel version 3.16.0)

A: The answer to your question.
Install the missing package kernel-devel using apt-get
NOTE: I've mentioned apt install package you can use what is supported on your system for example yum.
If you're not able to install kernel-devel then you can try this which install generic Linux headers.
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install linux-headers-`uname -r`

Then you can check where the init.h or module.h using locate utility
and then add the path in your compilation using -I flag.
gcc -g your_file.c -I/usr/path/of/the/kernel/header/include

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Demolition est le quatorzième album studio de Judas Priest sorti le . Il s'agit du second album avec Tim Owens au chant.

Liste des morceaux
Toutes les pistes de Glenn Tipton, sauf indication contraire.

 Machine Man – 5:35
 One on One (Downing, Tipton) – 6:44
 Hell is Home (Downing, Tipton) – 6:18
 Jekyll and Hyde – 3:19
 Close to You (Downing, Tipton)– 4:28
 Devil Digger – 4:45
 Bloodsuckers (Downing, Tipton) – 6:18
 In Between – 5:41
 Feed on Me – 5:28
 Subterfuge (Tipton, Tsangarides) – 5:12
 Lost and Found (Downing, Tipton) – 4:57
 Cyberface (Tipton, Travis) – 6:45
 Metal Messiah (Tipton, Tsangarides) – 5:14

Titre Bonus sur la version Japonaise
 What's My Name (Downing, Tipton, Owens) - 3:45

Titres Bonus sur la version Allemande
 Rapid Fire (Downing, Tipton, Halford) – 3:53
 The Green Manalishi (With the Two-Pronged Crown) (Peter Green) – 4:09
 Celles-ci ont été ré-enregistrées avec Tim Owens au chant.

Titres Bonus sur la version Australienne
 What's My Name (Owens, Downing, Tipton) - 3:45
 Rapid Fire (Halford, Downing, Tipton) – 3:53
 The Green Manalishi (With the Two-Pronged Crown) (Green) – 4:09

Composition du groupe
 Tim Owens : Chant
 K. K. Downing : Guitare
 Glenn Tipton : Guitare
 Ian Hill : Basse
 Scott Travis : Batterie

Album de Judas Priest
Album musical sorti en 2001
Album publié par SPV GmbH

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Any time you are hunting for commercial or domestic Outdoor Motion Sensor Light in California, check out Outdoor Motion Sensor Light Guys. You will see that our Outdoor Motion Sensor Light experts are inexpensive and excel at their work. Our objective is to provide the absolute best products and services at the lowest cost. Call us now: 888-236-2621.
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text:
L'Hôme-Chamondot ist eine französische Gemeinde im Département Orne in der Normandie. Sie gehört zum Arrondissement Mortagne-au-Perche und zum Kanton Tourouvre au Perche.

Nachbargemeinden sind  Tourouvre au Perche im Nordwesten, Charencey im Nordosten, Longny les Villages im Osten, Südosten und Süden, Tourouvre au Perche im Südwesten sowie La Ventrouze im Westen.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Weblinks

Ort in der Normandie


The Russell Senate Office Building, the oldest of the Senate office buildings, was built between 1903 and 1908. The building with an area of 658,250 square feet is built in the Beaux Arts architectural style.
The photograph above was taken at the intersection of Constitution Avenue NE and Delaware Avenue NE. This is the main entrance for the building. The impressive Rotunda with its marble columns is located just inside this entrance.
The Russell Senate Office Building is located between Constitution Avenue NE and C Street NE and between Delaware Avenue NE and 1st Street NE in Washington, DC. Click Here for Google Map showing the location of the Russell Senate Office Building.
Closest Metro Station: The Union Station Metro Station on the Red Line is nearest to the Russell Senate Office Building.
The National Postal Museum is located just across First Street NE from Union Station in Washington DC. The museum has the following permanent exhibits: Binding the Nation (the early history of mail service), Customers and Communities (evolution of mail delivery), Moving the Mail (advances in postal transportation technology), The Art of Cards and Letters, and Philatelic Gallery (exhibiting some of the best stamp collections).
The museum is located at 2 Massachusetts Ave., N.E., Washington, DC 20002. It is just across 1st Street NE from Union Station. Click Here for Google Map showing the location of the National Postal Museum.
Closest Metro Station: The Union Station Metro Station on the Red Line is nearest to the National Postal Museum.
The Columbus Statute is located just in front of Union Station on Columbus Circle. In the picture the statue blends in with the similarly colored and much larger Union Station behind it. The Knights of Columbus paid for the statue that was designed by Lorado Taft and dedicated on June 8, 1912.
Click Here for Google Map showing the location of the Columbus Statue on Columbus Circle.
Closest Metro Station: The Union Station Metro Station on the Red Line is nearest to the Columbus Statue.
The Freedom Bell is located just in front of Union Station on Columbus Circle. It weighs 8 tons and is seven feet in width and seven feet five inches tall. The bell was conceived as a bicentennial gift by the American Freedom Train Foundation. The American Legion erected the bell on behalf of the children of America. It was dedicated on July 22, 1981.
Click Here for Google Map showing the location of Freedom Bell on Columbus Circle.
Closest Metro Station: The Union Station Metro Station on the Red Line is nearest to the Freedom Bell.
Union Station opened in its current renovated form in 1988. It has a huge food court, other restaurants and many stores of all kinds. In addition (although perhaps this should be first) it is station for Amtrak trains in Washington DC. And of course Union Station is served by the red line of the Washington DC Metro.
Union Station is located at 50 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Washington, DC 20002. Click Here for Google Map of Union Station.
Closest Metro Station: Not that this isn't obvious, but the Union Station Metro Station on the Red Line is nearest to Union Station.


Find the plan for your needs with Belong's SIM plans offering great bang for your buck, with no lock-ins.
Belong Mobile provides just the right combination of great coverage, flexibility and affordability. Running on Telstra's 3G and 4G networks, Belong Mobile offers a post-paid service with plans designed to suit the light to moderate mobile user.
Belong has three data tiers that allow for rollovers, thus rewarding careful users with more data each month. Their SIM-only plans come with various inclusions that can range from economically priced, practical plans to a fully comprehensive plan, if you have a little more to spare each month.
Belong started out as a broadband provider before branching out into the mobile space to give customers the flexibility to change their plan at any time, whilst enjoying Australia's most superior network coverage.
Belong Mobile's appeal comes from the most important aspects of ensuring an excellent mobile experience — solid network thanks to Telstra and unlimited calling and texting with generous data allowances sans the high costs.
What makes Belong Mobile Different?
Apart from offering really cheap mobile plans that come with no lock-in contracts, Belong plans also come with inclusions that allow for unlimited data banking that you can either rollover to the next month or gift to your friends and family who are also on the Belong network.
Belong Mobile doesn't give you a lot of extras that other telcos offer, however if you're after a no-nonsense, straightforward mobile plan then Belong Mobile offers you just that.
Belong Mobile plans are all SIM-only and billed on a month-to-month basis. You would need to bring your own phone and you're free to change or cancel your plan at any time with no financial repercussions.
Their SIMS are available for purchase online, at your local Coles, Officeworks and JB Hi-Fi.
Belong Mobile plans give you unlimited calls and texts to Australian mobile and landline numbers. For an extra $5, you get international talk and text to 33 countries, however you get unlimited international calls and texts as part of the 15 GB SIM only plan.
Belong Mobile allows you to carry over unused data to the next month and gives you the complete freedom to use it or give it to a friend who is also on the Belong network.
At par with Optus, Telstra's 4G network allows for high quality streaming and the best coverage, however is also slightly more expensive than Optus. Belong Mobile plans run on parts of Telstra's 3G and 4G networks, which means that you can enjoy superior streaming service, wherever you are and are not paying a premium for it.
The Belong Mobile Customer Support team is happy to help you between 7 am to midnight (AEST), every day. They can be contacted on 1300 235 664 or via their Contact Us page.
Belong Mobile plans are designed to keep the process of joining and using their plans easy, fuss free and priced reasonably. The plans would suit anyone who is on a budget and uses their data allowance carefully, without being overly conservative. The fact that Belong Mobile plans are all SIM-only also helps you save on the cost of buying a new phone, instead using one you already have.
Belong plans run on the Telstra network to give you reliable coverage and streaming quality. You could be in any part of Australia and be sure that the Telstra network will keep you connected at all times.
Get more for less with Belong Mobile starting at only $10/month, giving you 1GB data + unlimited calls & texts and no lock-in contract, plus many other perks!
Get unlimited calls & texts, plus data on Telstra's 4G network, with plans starting as low as $10/month. Comes with no lock-in contract & unlimited data banking.


The fifth episode of the story of India takes us to the time of the Renaissance in Europe, when India was the richest, most populous civilization in the world.
Qutub Minar (Qutb Minar) in Delhi is an example of Indo-Islamic architecture and the world's largest minaret at nearly 236 feet high. The first ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, Qutb-ud-Din Aybak, commissioned the column as a symbol of triumph in 1199. After Aybak died, while playing polo after just four years of rule, his successor added additional stories to the structure. A fifth and final story was added in the 14th century.
Constructed out of red sandstone, quartzite, and marble, each of the minaret's stories has a different design theme. Koranic verses and the story of the tower's construction are inscribed on the structure. Below the towering minar is a mosque, Quwwatt-al-Islam ("Might of Islam"), also built in the early 12th century and constructed using pieces of more than 20 destroyed Hindu and Jain temples.
The Qutab mosque and minar are Islam's oldest surviving monuments in India and part of the Qutub complex named a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1993.
The focal point of the city of Madurai, the Meenakshi-Sundaresvara Temple is dedicated to two deities, Shiva (known locally as Sundareshvara) and Meenakshi (a form of Shiva's consort, Parvati), each with a separate shrine set within its own walled area inside the larger complex. According to legend, Meenakshi emerged from a sacrificial fire as a young girl in answer to the prayers of the childless Hindu Pandya king of Madurai, Malayadvaja. The king adopted the girl, but was concerned that she had three breasts. A divine voice told him that Meenakshi's extra breast would disappear after she met her rightful consort.
Meenakshi grew up to become a fierce warrior and, during a skirmish against Shiva's armies at Mount Kailash, the god's Himalayan home, she saw him on the battlefield and immediately lost her third breast. Meenakshi recognized Shiva as her divine consort, as she was the incarnation of his wife, Parvati, and they were married. Together they ruled the Pandya kingdom and subsequently became the presiding deities of the Madurai temple.
The immense, rectangular temple's layout is based on a mandala, a grid with concentric squares, surrounded by a high wall. Initially built by the city's Pandya king, Kulasekara, in the 13th century CE, the temple was badly damaged in the early fourteenth century following the establishment of Muslim rule in Madurai. Most of the present complex dates from the 16th and 17th centuries, during the rule of the Nayak dynasty.
Renowned for its enormity (843 feet by 787 feet) and design, the complex's main sanctums, to Shiva and Meenakshi, feature ancillary shrines and large, columned halls (mandapa), with one containing nearly 1,000 richly carved pillars. Other features include its numerous sculptures, 12 towered gateways (gopuras), and sacred tank, known as the Golden Lotus Tank, where devotees take baths before a puja (religious ritual).
Qutb-ud-Din Aybak, a slave who rose to the rank of general under the command of the Afghan ruler Muhammad of Ghor, defeated the Chauhan Rajput king, Prithvi Raj, and captured Delhi in 1192. Following the death of Muhammad of Ghor in 1206, Qutb-ud-Din Aybak proclaimed himself Sultan of Delhi and established the Mamluk (or Slave) dynasty, the first of five successive dynasties with their capital in Delhi that collectively came to be known as the Delhi Sultanate. The four unrelated Turkish and Afghan dynasties that followed, including the Khaljis, the Tughluqs, the Sayyids, and the Lodis, ruled North India for more than 300 years, until 1526.
The early sultanate dynasties introduced Persian language, literature, culture, law, as well as practical and agricultural innovations. Ethnic and linguistic pluralism marked this period, with Muslim rulers ruling over a primarily non-Muslim population. Cross-cultural influences can be seen in the tradition of Sufi devotionalism that informed and was informed by Indic bhakti devotion. By the 15th century, the sultanate had broken into a series of regional kingdoms. The sack of Delhi by Timur (or Tamerlane) in 1398 stripped the sultanate of most of its power. In 1526, the sultanate fell to Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur, the first emperor of the Mughal dynasty.
Sikhism is a monotheistic faith that originated in India during the 15th century. Today, it has roughly 20 million adherents worldwide, the majority of whom live in the Punjab, in northwest India. It was founded by Guru Nanak, the first in a line of ten gurus (spiritual leaders) who developed and promulgated the faith. In Punjabi, the word "Sikh" means "disciple" and the faithful are those who follow the writings and teachings of the Ten Gurus, which are set down in the holy book, the "Adi Granth."
Sikhism synthesizes elements of both Islam and Hinduism into a distinct religious tradition. Like Islam, it emphasizes belief in only one God and similar to Hinduism, teaches that the karmic cycle of rebirths cannot be overcome unless you achieve oneness with God. For Sikhs, everyone is equal before God and a good life is achieved by remembering God at all times, being part of a community, serving others, living honestly, and rejecting blind rituals and superstitions.
In the late 17th century the tenth guru, Gobind Singh, established a military brotherhood within Sikhism called the Khalsa (fraternity of the pure). Although not all Sikhs belong to the Khalsa, many obey its edict of wearing the five symbols of faith, the Five Ks: uncut hair (kesh), a wooden comb (kanga), a steel bracelet (kara), cotton undergarments (kachera), and a sword (kirpan). The turban worn by Sikh men is the most visible manifestation of their adherence to these principles.
In 1498, Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama arrived in Calicut, on the southwest coast of India, and became the first person to navigate a sea route from Europe to India, forever changing the world economy. Neither da Gama's proffered gifts nor his behavior (the Portuguese mistook the Hindus for Christians) impressed Calicut's leader, Saamoothirippadu (or Zamorin), and he refused to sign a trade treaty with the explorer. However, da Gama's successful voyage established Lisbon as the center of Europe's spice trade, a position Portugal would dominate for almost a century. In 1510, the Portuguese gained control of Goa, 400 miles north of Cochin on India's west coast, and made it the hub of their maritime activities in the region.
Da Gama would return to India two more times—in 1502 to violently avenge the deaths of Portuguese traders by bombarding Calicut, and as viceroy in 1524 to correct corruption among Portuguese authorities. On his last trip, da Gama died in Goa, where a town, Vasco, was named for him in 1543. In 1600, the British East India Company was chartered, and throughout the 17th century English, Dutch, and French traders traveled this sea route and established posts in India's port cities.
The Mughal Empire was founded in 1526 CE, peaked around 1700 and steadily declined into the 19th century, severely weakened by conflicts over succession. Mughal rule began with Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur, who invaded northern India from his post in Kabul, and overthrew Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi sultans. At its height, the Mughal Empire included most of the Indian subcontinent and an estimated population of 100 million people.
The empire's primary activities of war and expansion were supported by a strong central administrative and political system fully developed under Akbar, the third Mughal emperor. Under Akbar's rule (1556-1605), the empire expanded north to Kabul and Kashmir, east to Bengal and Orissa, south to Gujarat and southwest to Rajasthan. Establishing himself as a spiritual as well as military and strategic leader, Akbar promoted a policy of tolerance for all religions. His son, Jahangir (1605-27), and Jahangir's wife, Nur Jahan, who was highly influential in court politics, carried on Akbar's policies of centralized government and religious tolerance.
India's economy grew under the Mughals as a result of the empire's strong infrastructure, expansion and trade with Europeans, who established bases in various Indian ports. Shah Jahan (1627–58), Jahangir's son, diverted wealth away from the military toward magnificent building projects including the Taj Mahal and a new capital city, Shajahanabad, site of a royal fortress and the largest mosque in India, the Jama Masjid. Shah Jahan's reign marked a turn toward a more Muslim-centered government, which his son Aurangzeb favored in contrast with his other son Dara Shikoh, who favored a more diverse court.
After a two-year fight for succession that resulted in Shah Jahan's imprisonment and Dara's death, Aurangzeb (1658–1707) assumed the throne. He reversed many of Akbar's policies supporting religious tolerance, and Islamic religious law (sharia) became the foundation of Mughal government. By the late 17th century, the empire was in decline, weakened by succession conflicts, an entrenched war waged by Aurangzeb in the south, growing inequality between rich and poor and loss of support from nobles and gentry. By the mid-18th century, the once great Mughal Empire was confined to a small area around Delhi.
Babur was the founder of the Mughal empire, and his successful raid into India in 1526 established what would become one of the most fabled dynasties in the history of the subcontinent and the world. Zahiruddin Muhammad, known as Babur, was a fierce warrior who was also noted for his love of music, gardens, and poetry. He chronicled his life and exploits in a personal memoir, the Babur-nama. A descendant of the legendary warrior-rulers Genghis Khan and Timur (Tamerlane), he was born in 1483 in the Ferghana region of Central Asia. Babur ascended the throne of his familial kingdom in 1494, following the death of his father, and his territorial ambitions remained focused on Central Asia, most notably the city of Samarkand, which he captured a few times but was never able to hold successfully.
From his base in Kabul, which he gained in 1504, Babur turned his attention to the south and launched five different incursions into northwest India. In 1526, he finally succeeded in toppling the Sultan Ibrahim Lodi of Delhi at the pivotal Battle of Panipat. In the following two years, Babur expanded his territory in northern India by defeating the region's other major power, the Hindu Rajput kings. He died unexpectedly in 1530 and his empire passed onto to his son, Humayun, and his grandson, Akbar, who established the political and administrative framework for the Mughal Empire.
On December 31, 1600, Queen Elizabeth I granted a charter to a group of 25 adventurers, giving them a monopoly on trade between England and the countries in the East Indies. The Company established settlements in Bombay, on India's west coast, and on India's east coast, in Calcutta and Madras. They became centers for Indian textiles that were in high demand in Europe, including cotton cloth, chintz, and calico.
The company's two primary competitors in the region were the Dutch East India Company and the French Compagnie des Indes Orientales. Armies of Indians hired as soldiers and supplied with European weaponry increased the Company's might against its western competitors and were even used to control the courts of Indian princes.
The decline and fall of the Mughal Empire in the mid-18th century contributed to the East India Company's accumulation of power in the region. In 1757, the Company defeated and killed the Mughal governor of Bengal, Sirajud-Dawla, after he captured Calcutta in an attempt to hinder the Company from depriving merchants and the government of revenue. By 1765, the Company had acquired control of the revenue systems of Bengal, Orissa, and Bihar, on India's east coast, and became the largest territorial power in India. The India Act of 1784 gave Parliament control of the company's affairs in London, but the heads of the Company oversaw the governance of India. Parliament transferred the Company's power over administration of the Indian territories to the Crown in 1858 after the Great Rebellion of 1857, an uprising of Indian soldiers (sepoys) that was largely blamed on the Company's mismanagement of the territory.
The main seat of Sikhism's religious authority, the Akal Takht (throne of the Timeless One) is located directly opposite the Golden Temple. The original structure, completed in 1609, was built by the sixth guru, Hargobind. The present-day structure, topped by a gilded dome, rises five stories and is inlaid with marble. The Akal Takht is also where the original "Adi Granth," the Sikh holy book, is stored each evening; it is transported to the Golden Temple every morning on a sumptuous palanquin. The building sustained heavy damage when the Indian Army raided the Golden Temple complex in June, 1984 during an uprising of a militant Sikh group pushing for independence for the Sikh Punjab.
The oldest and most important of the five Takhts, or seats of authority, it is from here that issues confronting the faith or community (panth) are discussed and resolved; standards of social conduct and personal behavior are formulated; justice is meted out for those charged with violations of religious discipline; and the hukamnamas (edicts or writs), which are binding for all Sikhs, are issued. Guru Hargobind is believed to have issued the first hukamnana announcing the creation of the Akal Takht.
Emperor Shah Jahan (1627-58), fifth ruler of the Mughal Empire, became the greatest patron of Indian architecture under the empire, funding magnificent building projects that expressed and celebrated the grandeur of his rule. The Taj Mahal is the most famous of Shah Jahan's projects and was commissioned as a monument and tomb for his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who died in 1631 while giving birth to their 14th child. Completed in 1648 and modeled after a paradise garden, the Taj Mahal also includes the largest inscription project of its time, with 25 quotations from the Koran about the Day of Judgment, divine mercy, and paradise depicted on its gate, mausoleum, and mosque. In 1983, the monument was named a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Since 1996, excavations by the Archaeological Survey of India have revealed the existence of a lost "Moonlight Garden" mirroring the rectangular enclosure of the Taj on the other side of the river Yamuna: a project aided by the Sackler Gallery in Washington and paleo-botanists from the New York Botanical Garden.
Among the magnificent works for which Shah Jahan is known, is the Peacock Throne constructed of gold and hundreds of rubies, emeralds, diamonds (including the famous Koh-i-Noor), and other precious stones. An extensive new capital city, constructed between 1639 and 1648, at Shajahanabad (present-day Old Delhi), included waterways, spacious squares, and bazaars. It was the site of a royal fortress, the Red Fort, and the largest mosque for its time, the Jama Masjid.
Shah Jahan's reign ended in a two-year fight for succession between his sons Dara Shikoh and Aurangzeb that resulted in Shah Jahan's imprisonment, Dara's death by the orders of Aurangzeb, and Aurangzeb's assumption of the Mughal throne.
Also known as Chatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhosle, Shivaji (1630-1680) was a great Hindu patriot and war leader who founded the Maratha empire in western India in 1654 and who has become a great hero in post-Independence India, especially in the western state of Maharashtra. Today in Mumbai, India's commercial capital, both the main airport and the central railway station (the former Victoria Terminal) are named after him.
Until recently, influenced by British imperial historiography, the Mughals have taken precedence in histories of 17th century India, but the Mughals even at their height only ruled northern India, and in recent years the importance of the Maratha state has been acknowledged. Shivaji was a great military leader who resisted the Mughals, a fort builder and state organizer who also promoted Sanskritic learning and the ethos of traditional Hindu religion and ethics as a bulwark against the Islamic culture of the Mughals.
Battles in the 1660s and 70s against the Mughals led to Shivaji's coronation in 1674 using ancient Hindu rituals to emphasize his allegiance to the Hindu past. Nevertheless, Shivaji was tolerant of all religions (some estimate that thirty per cent of his army was Muslim) and was personally devoted to Sufi saints as well as to the Hindu pantheon. In this he forms a fascinating parallel to what rulers like Akbar were trying to do: in a letter to Aurangzeb, Shivaji suggests that Hindu and Muslim were simply "terms used by the True Divine Artist who blends his colors and fills in the outlines of His Creation" and states that the Muslim call to prayer and the Hindu temple bell were "both in remembrance of Him and both a yearning for Him alone."
Video: The Taj Mahal, a monument to love ... and a mystic Sufi map?
The Jama Masjid is the grand mosque of red sandstone and white marble located in the part of Delhi known as Old Delhi. The mosque and this section of the city, originally called Shahjahanabad, were constructed during the reign of the fifth Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan. The Jama Masjid was designed by the architect Ustad Khalil and completed in a span of six years, from 1650 to 1656. It's situated on a rocky outcrop with three monumental, arched gateways—on the north, south, and east—atop a towering flight of broad stairs.
Beyond the mosque's entrance is the immense open courtyard that can hold more than 20,000 people and is surrounded by an arcade with a chattri (domed kiosk) at each corner. The massive prayer hall, oriented toward Mecca, sits at the west end of the courtyard, while a pool for ablutions is located at its center. Three large white marble domes, with black vertical stripes, top the hall and its central doorway is flanked on each side by five cusped archways, above which are panels inscribed with praise for the building and Shah Jahan. At each corner of the hall's façade is a 130 foot, three-story minaret of red sandstone with vertical stripes of white marble.
Aurangzeb (1618-1707) was the third son of Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan. After a false report spread through the empire that Shah Jahan had died, Aurangzeb embarked on a brutal power struggle with his three brothers, including Dara Shikoh, which he won in 1659 to become the sixth ruler of the Mughal Empire. He imprisoned his father Shah Jahan for eight years; the old emperor died in captivity.
A deeply pious man, Aurangzeb practiced a much more orthodox form of Islam than his father, and was fundamentally intolerant of the Hindu religions. He ushered in a number of anti-Hindu policies, such as the jizya, a tax on non-Muslims, and imposed higher customs duties for Hindus than for Muslims. Worse still, he reversed the policies of Akbar the Great, demolishing many Hindu temples; he also persecuted the Sikhs, executing their ninth guru, prompting the Sikhs to form an "Army of the Pure" (Khalsa) to protect themselves. The transformation of the Sikhs into a militant order dates above all from his time.
Aurangzeb expanded the Mughal Empire, conquering additional territories in southern India, but his policies created great unrest within his empire. He was continually forced to put down rebellions from a group of Hindu warrior clans called the Marathas, led by the charismatic Hindu leader Shivaji Bhosle, who practiced guerrilla tactics and eventually formed a new Hindu kingdom. After Aurangzeb's death in 1707 CE, the Marathan Kingdom continued to grow, ultimately forming the Marathan Empire. Aurangzeb meanwhile had left four sons, who battled among themselves for power; the wars that he had fought left the treasury empty, which contributed to the Mughal Empire's slow decline, and eventually to its feeble capitulation to the British.


The agency gives a green light to the airlines to make life in coach even more miserable than it already is, ignoring a court warning of a 'life or death' danger.
Many of us know the moment of dread. You've boarded the airplane and you're in the seat. The last passengers are still coming down the aisle. There's an empty seat next to you. The people streaming down the aisle are of assorted sizes…pray for a slim one.
But no, it has to be the unraveling 300-pound latecomer. They struggle to ram their bag in the bin. They collapse into the seat, thighs and hips barely contained, a chunky arm and an elbow spilling into your space.
That space has been meanly designed. And now, this summer, it is getting meaner, if that were possible.
Not that the FAA cares. They have just rejected a petition from the passenger activist group FlyersRights requesting that shrinking seat sizes and denser seat rows should be urgently reviewed as a hazard to safety – particularly when a cabin has to be evacuated in an emergency.
But the airlines haven't been waiting to get the FAA's green light. Not only are they continuing to pack more passengers into a cabin on domestic routes, but now they are doing it on long haul flights where you can be in sardine can-like seating for more than eight or nine hours.
The FlyersRights petition had stressed that the increased density of seating coincided with an epidemic of obesity among passengers – seats shrink, passengers expand.
Their contention that this constituted a new hazard to airline safety was supported in a judgment by the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals, where Judge Patricia Millett, giving the court's opinion, said there was "a plausible life-and-death safety concern" and instructed the FAA to address the issue.
This is probably the most barefaced example of a public official, charged with ensuring the safety of the traveling public, insisting that no action needs to be taken when it's self evident every day in the experience of airline passengers that action is urgently needed.
Indeed, Judge Millett had pointed out that the FAA's claim that seat dimensions were "categorically unimportant" made no sense.
FlyersRights told The Daily Beast that they may file a new court appeal.
Once confined to budget airlines, what is called the densification business model for coach class is rapidly spreading to long-haul routes. A case in point is a growing change in the seating of one of the most ubiquitous long-haul jets, the Boeing 777. Originally the 777 cabin was configured for coach class with nine-abreast seating, in three rows of three sets each , divided by two aisles.
There was a logic to that layout. Boeing's largest jet, the 747, had coach-class cabins configured for 10 seats in every row, in sets of three/four/three, creating the much unloved center row. The 747's cabin is 20.1 feet wide.
No major U.S. airline any longer operates the 747. All across the world it is being phased out after nearly 50 years in service. Many airlines are replacing it with the 777. But the 777's cabin is nearly a foot narrower.
That means that in order to ram a 10-seat row into a 777 cabin each seat has to significantly shrink in width. The result is painful. For example, American Airlines has 10-abreast coach seating in its 777s, with seat cushions only 16.2 inches wide. British Airways still flies its 777s with nine-abreast seats, with seat cushions of the original width of 17.5 inches.
Other long haul airlines are following American's lead, and it may be only a matter of time when they all do, because in a coach class cabin that can add as many as 20 or more seats, which is real money.
That message hasn't been lost on seat manufacturers. The airlines hammer home to them a basic bean-counter number: the furnishings of a cabin interior contribute at least 10 percent of the airplane's payload. The weight of seats makes up half of that.
Thinner seats weigh less, and new materials like plastic composites can serve both as the underlying seat structure and as a substitute for separate upholstery, producing a new generation of slimmer, lighter but harder seats.
There's more: these "shell" seats weigh even less if the backs don't recline. Fixed seatbacks are more and more common – one manufacturer even uses the euphemism "prereclined" in promoting its version. Even if you don't get stuck with one of these, the so-called recline on many long-haul coach seats is so minimal that it offers no real relief to the spine.
Seat width has an immediate effect on comfort, but is less of a safety issue than seat pitch. This is the space between one seat row and another, measured from the top of one seatback to the next. Pitch is far more critical in the way it affects how fast passengers can get out of a cabin in an emergency because it restricts the initial movement out of a row of seats into the aisle. And yet airlines wanting to cram in more rows of coach seats are intent on reducing pitch to a degree never seen before.
As The Daily Beast has previously reported, these tests do not come close to replicating the actual conditions of a crash. Tests never include children, the elderly, the infirm – or the obese.
In the tests, a fully occupied cabin has to be evacuated within 90 seconds in low light conditions with half the exits disabled. The tests are conducted in a hangar free of any of the sudden impact, stress or traumatic consequences of a crash on an airfield or runway with the imminent risk of fire and explosion.
These tests were designed decades ago. They do not reflect changes in the way passengers now behave in an emergency. As serious crashes have become far fewer, passengers are becoming less fearful of being in a crash and, consequently, less responsive to the urgent instructions from flight attendants.
In several recent serious emergencies passengers, ignoring instructions, have retrieved carry-on luggage before exiting. "People are very attached to their personal belongings…that seems to overtake their desire for personal survival," wrote Captain Peter Perry, a retired pilot, one of the authors of a study by the British Royal Aeronautical Society into passenger behavior in the recent incidents.
The study recommended that overhead bins should be locked before takeoff and remain locked until seatbelt signs are switched off, and locked again for landings and in emergencies – with a locking system directly under the control of the captain. So far no airline has taken up the idea.
How much more can what Judge Millett called "the incredible shrinking airline seat" shrink? The FAA asserts that a pitch of 27 inches represents the lower limit of what is possible. But, like the assertion that the evacuation tests remain valid, this is both casual and specious.
In fact, that dimension is discretional. There is nothing in the regulations to prevent its reduction. Just one inch shaved off the depth of the seat cushion, something that must surely be tempting to a bean counter, would produce a pitch of 26 inches.
The Daily Beast asked the FAA if a pitch of 26 inches would be acceptable.
This was one of a number of specific questions that the agency declined to answer.
Another, crucial to the safe evacuation of a cabin as the "densification" of seating accelerates, is the placing and number of emergency exits. These combine the doors that have emergency slides and the over-wing exits that are basically windows that pop out and require passengers to slide over the wing. In that case they have to use the wing flaps as slides to reach the ground – particularly hazardous in the event of an engine fire.
The FAA did not respond to the very basic question of whether the certification that a cabin has a sufficient number of emergency exits is based on a ratio that determines how many passengers must be within reach of each available exit. Clearly, when airlines increase the density of seats but the number of exits remains the same each exit is used by more passengers.
The ultimate test of how densely packed a cabin can be and remain safe is fast approaching. The Boeing 737-10 will take the art of passenger packing to its limit. The 737 series is the most frequently flown single-aisle jet in the world. Originally designed in the 1960s to carry about 100 passengers this forthcoming version of the 737 has been stretched to seat 230 coach class passengers.
The 737's cabin is seven inches narrower than that of the rival Airbus A320 and 737-10s cabin will be twice the length of the original. This means that the "tunnel effect" of a tube packed with dense seating will be more acute than ever experienced before.
What could be a higher priority than passenger safety? As for resources, the FAA has an annual budget of around $16 billion and a staff of 48,000.


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Zu Audio will be providing sound for Deepsky this Saturday (March 10, 2007) in Salt Lake City.
The 1996 release of Stargazer catapulted Deepsky to worldwide recognition and launched a career that has since encompassed over 300 live and DJ performances, 16 original releases including the critically acclaimed full-length album In Silico, and over 30 remixes for world-class artists including Madonna, Seal, David Bowie, Paul Oakenfold, and The Crystal Method. Infusing these pop icons with the Deepsky style brought a new group of listeners into the Deepsky fold, with both Madonna remixes enjoying number one slots on the Billboard Dance Charts, and a nod of recognition from Remix Magazine as they named Deepsky Breakthrough Remixer of the Year for 2003.
Deepsky's live show is sensory stimulation at its highest level, a rare intersection of inspiration, perspiration, technology, and emotion, you don't want to miss this event.
EventsSean Casey March 7, 2007 1 Comment
Preparations for Deepsky
EventsSean Casey March 9, 2007
Christian Burkholder + Zu
EventsSean Casey February 9, 2007

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Image by S.C. Employment Security CommissionImage by 20081121-unemployment.jpg Ted Halley, director of the S.C. Employment Security Commission, talks about the October unemployment numbers.
Hitting 8% unemployment in October, South Carolina has broken a 25-year-old record.
South Carolina's unemployment rate jumped sharply in October to 8.0%, the State Employment Security Commission reported today. This is seven-tenths of a percent above the September rate of 7.3% and is the highest rate since December 1983.
Allendale County is the worst hit with 17% unemployment. Crazy.
The good news is that Charleston County had the third-lowest unemployment in the state at 6.2%, still that's increase of 11% from September. The Charleston Metro area is at 6.5%. -- 6.5% is the latest national average of unemployment.
I know, a very happy friday to everyone out there.
Want more? For the moment The State has the better write-up, and there's tons of numbers in the press release.
Update November 22: The Post and Courier has followed up and offers some local personal accounts.
This is a unprecedented situation and there are no signs to lower the employment rates in the near future. Authorities must do something to attract investors in the area. Also, local companies should hire a recruiting consultant to find the best candidates for the vacant jobs. This way the employment rates will slightly increase, but for a visible change, others should follow the lead.


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Articles using Infobox character with multiple unlabeled fields, Male Characters, The Venture Bros. characters,
Television supervillains
Venture Family
Asylum inmates
Enrico Matassa
The Venture Bros. character
Momma's Boys
Henry Allen "Hank" Venture
Supervillain
Latin playboy
Colonel Lloyd Venture (great-great grandfather, deceased)
Jonas Venture Sr. (grandfather)
Doctor Thaddeus Venture (father)
Bobbi Saint Simone (mother)
Hank Venture "original" (genetic template)
Dean Venture (twin brother)
Dermott Fictel (half-brother)
Jonas Venture Jr. (uncle, deceased)
The Action Man (godfather)
Illeism
Rolls his Rs when speaking
Obsession with the word "Hank"
Giant handkerchief
Hank of yarn (weapon)
The Viceroy
Flying Sidekick
CrimeRobot
Wide Wale
Myra Brandish
Enrico Matassa is the supervillain alter ego of Hank Venture on The Venture Bros.
A self-described "Latin playboy and insane egomaniac" whose name means "Hank Hank", Enrico Matassa is an aspiring supervillain who is obsessed with the word "Hank".[1]
Enrico Matassa tends to refer to himself in the third person and roll his Rs when he speaks. He also attempts to insert the word "Hank" into nearly every sentence, categorizing things as "Hank" or "Unhank".
He wears a fake mustache, purple dress shirt with a butterfly collar, light colored pinstripe suit with a matching hat, and an H-shaped necklace. A massive purple hankie hangs from his suit jacket's breast pocket and he wields a hank of purple yarn as a whiplike weapon.
Origin and History Edit
Season 4 Edit
A rogue villain dressed as the Greek god Zeus was abducting super-scientists and sidekicks, leaving Dr. Venture anxious (bordering on giddily anticipatory) that he would be kidnapped next.[2] When the kidnappers failed to materialize, Hank and Sergeant Hatred took pity on Dr. Venture and decided to stage a kidnapping to make him feel like the scientific community still cared about and respected him.
Hank and Hatred wore toy masks that disguised their voices when they kidnapped Dr. Venture. They also made use of a Teddy Talk-To-Me doll, which was capable of carrying on some very simple conversations with Dr. Venture in their absence. Dr. Venture, surprisingly, never realized he was speaking to a doll despite it being limited to only a handful of spoken phrases. He attempted to bargain with the doll for his freedom and eventually came to consider "Teddy" his closest friend.
Dr. Venture walked in on Hank Venture and Dermott Fictel practicing music in Hank's bedroom while dressed in their stage costumes for Shallow Gravy. He asked them why they were dressed that way, to which Hank responded "Hey, don't put your heteronormative gender-biased hang-ups on me, man. Boys can play dress-up, too!"
In order to sneak out of the Venture Compound that evening to perform a gig, Hank and Dermott distracted Dr. Venture by calling him anonymously from a prepaid cellphone and letting him speak to the Teddy Talk-To-Me doll. Hank promised Dermott the ruse would work because his father "doesn't talk to people, he talks at them." As expected, Dr. Venture continued talking all night to the doll he believed to be his best friend Teddy.[1]
Things went awry when Dr. Venture became obsessive, calling Dermott's prepaid cellphone repeatedly for over a week in an attempt to reach his best friend and becoming desperate when nobody answered.[1] He eventually found the Teddy Talk-To-Me doll in Hank's room, but instead of realizing he'd been duped he concluded that his friend Teddy had been kidnapped and the kidnapper hid recordings of their phone conversation inside the stuffed toy bear. Hank and Dermott, not wanting to get in trouble, chose not to correct him.
Dr. Venture put the entire Venture compound on lockdown while he worked out a plan to rescue his "dusthead" ex-con friend Teddy from the gangster "Grumpy Bandersnatch" (actually a villainous character from one of the recorded stories on Teddy Talk-To-Me doll's tapes.)[2][1] Hank and Dermott were dejected, unable to leave the premises until Dr. Venture "slays Grumpy Bandersnatch and frees all the animal friends of By-Golly Gulch." [1]
Henchman 21, who at that point was living on the grounds of the Venture Compound, informed the boys that the actor who voiced the Teddy Talk-To-Me doll had become a supervillain after he got caught in a burning Teddy Talk-To-Me manufacturing plant in Asia. Horribly scarred from the burns and driven mad, Teddy was eventually caught and sent to Dunwitch Asylum for the Criminally Obsessive, where he still resided. Hank wanted to give his dad "a real Teddy", but 21 informed him the asylum would only allow blood relatives to visit--meaning their only option to meet Teddy was to get committed to the asylum themselves.[1]
Hank, Dermott, 21, and H.E.L.P.eR. tunneled through the floor of a local bank using the drilling vehicle first seen in the Season 3 episode What Goes Down Must Come Up. They emerged from the vehicle in supervillain costumes, pretending to be obsessive criminals in an attempt to be committed to Dunwitch Asylum. Hank addressed the crowd of bank patrons, declaring himself to be an insane criminal who was robbing the bank. Each member of his party then introduced their criminal alter ego:
The Viceroy (Henchman 21): dressed in a modified version of his Monarch henchman costume with a yellow crown and black cowl covering his butterfly antennae, 21 declared himself to be "The Viceroy", a criminal who mimics Monarch butterflies because he is obsessed with them.
Flying Sidekick (Dermott Fictel): dressed in black karate pants and forearm bracers with a red sash tied around his waist, a shirtless Dermott whipped his "magic nunchuks" around while calling himself "Flying Sidekick". He accidentally lost control of his nunchaku, which flew from his hand and hit somebody, prompting him to apologize.
Enrico Matassa (Hank Venture): dressed in a fake mustache, purple dress shirt with a butterfly collar, light colored pinstripe suit with a matching hat, and an H-shaped necklace, Hank introduced himself as "Enrico Matassa", a Latin playboy and insane egomaniac. He showed off his huge hankie and the hank of yarn he was wielding as a weapon.
CrimeRobot (H.E.L.P.eR.): wearing a domino mask and sporting a large letter C on his torso, H.E.L.P.eR. was introduced by Hank as "CrimeRobot", a robot obsessed with crime because they programmed him to think of nothing else.
The police arrived to arrest them, with Enrico shouting at the police officer handcuffing him not to "hank" him around. Henchman 21 interceded, telling the police he was Guild of Calamitous Intent Member 283-21-MH, and that he and Enrico were both clearly obsessively insane.[1] He demanded a Guild representative take them to Dunwitch Asylum for the Criminally Obsessive, which the police were only too happy to oblige. (Dermott and H.E.L.P.eR., not being Guild members, were instead arrested and taken to jail. Dr. Orpheus later freed them and deleted their arrest records from the police computer.)
A psychologist at Dunwitch Asylum--who looked remarkably like Sigmund Freud--showed card after card of Rorschach test inkblots to "The Viceroy". After each card Henchman 21 replied that it looked like a butterfly, finally asking what else they could be. Another psychologist received a very different response when she showed an inkblot to the hank-obsessed Enrico Matassa:
"I see two ladies, hanked side-by-side. Between them is me, Enrico Matassa. They are fighting over the affections of Enrico Matassa, I think, but this one on the left--she has the husband. He is not Hank at all. He is so Unhank that he wants to fight Enrico Matassa! But Enrico Matassa is very Hank. He is double Hank!"[1]
Following their psychological evaluations, both 21 and Hank were stripped of their costumes and dressed in white hospital gowns to be admitted into Dunwitch as inmates. Hank continued wearing the fake mustache to maintain the guise of Enrico Matassa. The two finally met Teddy face to face, though at first he denied his identity to them.
Myra Brandish, former bodyguard to the Venture family, staged a coup with the aid of her "Momma's Boys" followers. Her devotees tied up all of the guards and took over the asylum, with Myra attempting to turn back time and have Dean Venture placed in her womb so she could finally give birth to him and be his real mother. Hank, realizing that Myra was not his and Dean's mother, decried her as a fake to the gathered inmates. Henchman 21 joined in, telling the crowd that she wasn't his mother, either. This triggered Teddy, Radical Left, and several other Momma's Boys to recall their identities and led to a full scale riot that culminated in most of the inmates escaping from the asylum.
Dean was dejected that Myra wasn't his real mother, but Hank reminded him that she was a raving lunatic. This cheered Dean up slightly, who said that Hank amazingly always made good points, to which Hank replied, "That's Enrico Matassa, my friend." A team of Guild Wasps then arrived to clean up the mess, motivating 21, Hank, and Dean to vacate while they still could.
Hank began dating Sirena Ong, the daughter of his father's newest archenemy, the Level 10 supervillain Wide Wale. Sirena lived with her father in the penthouse of Tophet Tower, directly across Columbus Circle from VenTech Tower. The two tried to keep their relationship a secret from Wide Wale, as Sirena knew he would disapprove.[3] They attempted to have sex, but Hank's overexcitement prevented them from ever consummating the act. Rocco, Sirena's creepily overprotective bodyguard, also frequently interrupted by knocking on her door to check up on her, forcing Hank to jump out the window and escape in his Go-Pod. Rocco became suspicious of Hank's presence, however, when he found Hank's pizza delivery cap on Sirena's bed.
Hank was fired from his job as the delivery boy for Vincenzo's following pressure from Wide Wale's Whale Lice henchmen.[3] Vincenzo told Hank that he was a good boy, but that Vincenzo was not the boss of his own business--the order to fire him came down from the real man in charge, Wide Wale. Hank's spirits were lifted slightly when Vincenzo gave him a heart shaped pizza as a consolation, but dropped again when he discovered that the Whale Lice had demolished his Go-Pod, vandalizing it with a warning to stay away from Sirena and leaving him without personal transportation.
Furious, Hank walked home and encountered Sergeant Hatred in the VenTech lobby. Hatred asked Hank why he was so upset, with Hank replying that Wide Wale was ruining his life because Hank was dating his daughter. Hatred then related his own Romeo and Juliet romance with his ex-wife, Princess Tinyfeet, telling Hank that her father Chief Justice was a Native American crime-fighter who "just about went on the warpath when I proposed to his little squaw." Hank asked how Hatred handled it. Hatred said he brought his father-in-law-to-be a welcome basket of okra only to be shot by the angry superhero--and then shot him back in return.[3]
Hank rang the doorbell of Tophet Tower's penthouse apartment, the pizza from Vincenzo in hand, seeking an audience with Wide Wale. A bemused Rocco answered, chuckling at Hank's audacity. Hank politely told Rocco that he wished to speak to Wide Wale about marrying his daughter and offered the artisanal pizza as a peace offering. Rocco accepted the pizza, but slammed Hank against a wall and threatened to electrocute his "braciole" until there was "nothing but taint left down there" if he even looked at Sirena again. Hank apologized and made his retreat, cagily promising Rocco he "won't be seeing Hank Venture again", to which Rocco dismissively replied "Oh, I ain't worried, peaches."
Rocco gave the pizza to his fellow Whale Lice. As they ate it, one henchman commented that Vincenzo makes the best slice in the city, while another replied that it almost made up for Vincenzo scuffing the henchman's knuckles with his face. A moment later the two slumped to the ground, unconscious from the tranquilizers hidden in the pizza.[3]
Following Hank's departure, Dr. Mrs. The Monarch made her way to the penthouse of Tophet Tower, having learned that Wide Wale was keeping her husband imprisoned in his pool room with the intention of exacting revenge on The Monarch for killing Wale's brother, Dr. Dugong.[4][5] She successfully manipulated, then physically subdued, the Whale Lice guards in front of Wide Wale's front door, leaving them unconscious on the floor. Before she could enter the apartment itself she was pulled aside by Henchman 21 in his Kano disguise. He had just ridden up the elevator while hiding his face from Hank, who was now dressed as Enrico Matassa. Dr. Mrs. The Monarch and 21 hid in a corner as Enrico Matassa stepped over the unconscious henchmen and confidently strutted up to Wide Wale's apartment. He pressed an ear against the door, listening for the telltale sound of bodies hitting the floor after eating drugged pizza. Hearing the "thud", Enrico Matassa opened the door and stepped inside.
Wide Wale discovered his unconscious Whale Lice henchman scattered around an open pizza box. Thinking The Monarch (as The Blue Morpho) had escaped, Wale armed himself with a handgun from his desk drawer and called out to the Morpho to show himself.[3] The gun was snatched from his hand by a hank of purple yarn and Wide Wale found himself looking down the barrel of his own firearm, now wielded by one Enrico Matassa. Matassa introduced himself and Wale asked if he was a young supervillain trying to build a reputation by killing the "alpha whale". Matassa countered that he knocked out the guards to demonstrate his skills, considering their meeting a tryout, as he wished to serve Wide Wale. In a show of deference to prove his sincerity, Enrico Matassa knelt before Wide Wale and presented his gun back to him with open hands.
Wide Wale, sensing an opportunity, lead Enrico Matassa to the door of his Pool room and told him that joining his "family" was like a sacred covenant--once he walked through the door there would be no turning back. Handing the gun back to Enrico Matassa, Wale instructed him to kill the person imprisoned in his Pool room: The Monarch.[3]
Enrico Matassa, visibly nervous and shaking, pointed the gun at The Monarch's face.[4] The Monarch--still dressed as The Blue Morpho, badly bruised from being beaten, and tied to a chair--mocked Wide Wale for thinking that dressing Hank Venture up as a gigolo to kill him was in any way "poetic". Enrico Matassa interrupted to say that he dressed himself as a "juggalo." The Monarch scoffed at the idea of Enrico Matassa killing anyone, but Wide Wale poured on the encouragement, promising Sirena's hand in marriage and a home in a "friggin' magic petting zoo or some shit" if Matassa just pulled the trigger.
Henchman 21, still dressed as Kano, threw open the door to the Pool room, crying out to Enrico Matassa to spare The Monarch's life.[4] Addressing 21 as "The Viceroy", Enrico Matassa expressed surprise that he was out of Dunwitch Asylum. 21 reasoned with Enrico Matassa by reminding him that Enrico Matassa is a lover, not a fighter. He told Enrico that the woman he loved was waiting for him in her bedroom, coaxing Enrico to give him the gun and go to her instead. Enrico appeared to agree, telling 21 his words were "very Hank", but was interrupted by Wide Wale snatching the gun from his hand and pointing it at The Monarch's forehead.
Before Wide Wale could pull the trigger, he himself was interrupted by an explosion of glass as Red Death crashed through the window on his mechanical horse with Dr. Dugong in tow. Dr. Dugong revealed that he had survived The Monarch's attack[5] and healed thanks to an abundance of starfish DNA, but had been in hiding under OSI protection since then out of fear of his villainous brother.[4] Wide Wale, overjoyed to learn "Dougie" was still alive but stung by his older brother's words, swore he would never do anything to hurt him. When Dr. Dugong pointed out that Wide Wale was still holding a gun, Wale tried to play it off as a game of cops and robbers with his costumed friends.
Sirena joined the group in the Pool room, alarmed by the sound of breaking glass. She was surprised to find her boyfriend in the midst of the chaos. When Sirena asked her father why Hank was there, Enrico Matassa removed his hat and sat down with a dazed look on his face, stating he didn't remember.[4] The group quickly turned their attention across the street, as the VenTech Tower began violently shaking. The Morphomobile then flew past Tophet Tower to land in front of the quavering VenTech building and the original Blue Morpho emerged.[4][6]
Hank, still dressed as Enrico Matassa, returned to the VenTech Tower to find the door blocked and several groups of people standing outside.[6] He approached Dean and Sergeant Hatred, who filled him in on the situation with Jonas Venture Sr. in the PROBLEM and the arrival of Vendata. Hank first expressed interest in finally meeting his grandfather, but changed his mind as he learned more and more details, considering it a lot to process.
Police officers forced them to move away from VenTech Tower to make way for the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, with the Venture brothers walking to the American Museum of Natural History. Hank confessed to Dean that when he takes on a persona--be it Enrico Matassa or The Bat or Russian Guyovitch--something comes over him and he becomes that character.[6] He wondered if this made him crazy, like James McAvoy's character in the 2016 horror film Split. Dean dismissed the idea of Hank having dissociative identity disorder, thinking it more likely he had an overactive imagination and ADD.
Hank moved into Dean's old room in the VenTech Tower after Dean moved to the on-campus dorms at Stuyvesant University.[7] Hank redecorated the room and moved his things into it. On the shelf next to Hank's bed he placed his Enrico Matassa hat and the Batman mask he wears as The Bat.[8]
Episode Appearances Edit
The Venture Bros. & The Curse of the Haunted Problem
The Rorqual Affair
Arrears in Science
The Terminus Mandate (hat shown)
Enrico is both an Italian masculine given name and a surname.
Enrico means homeowner, or king, derived from Heinrich of Germanic origin.
It is also a given name in Ladino.
Equivalents in other languages are Henry (English), Henri (French), Enrique (Spanish), Henrique (Portuguese) and Hendrik (Dutch).
Matassa is Italian for skein or hank.
A hank is a coiled or wrapped unit of yarn or twine.
When Enrico Matassa sees "The Viceroy" in The Rorqual Affair, he expresses surprise that he is out of Dunwitch Asylum despite them both having left the asylum at the same time in the Season 5 episode Momma's Boys.
"Nobody move, see! This is kind of a holdup!" (Momma's Boys)
CrimeRobot, Flying Sidekick, Enrico Matassa, and The Viceroy
"Now drop to the ground or something!"
"Again, we are insane criminals!"
"Hey, don't hank me around, copper!"
"Between them is me, Enrico Matassa."
"He is so Unhank that he wants to fight Enrico Matassa!"
"But Enrico Matassa is very Hank."
"That's Enrico Matassa, my friend."
"Mi chiamo Matassa."
"That is just a taste of Enrico Matassa's many talents."
"Per favore, Don Wide Wale."
"Enrico Matassa wants to come work for you."
"You walk through this door, ain't no turning back."
"You want in this family, you gotta do one thing for me first."
"Kill this asshole."
"Pretty poetic, huh?"
"Just pull the trigger and you're family."
"Viceroy? You're out of Dunwitch?"
"Does she crave Enrico?"
"Hey. What's the haps?"
"Ok, stop. That's... kind of a lot."
"Something just comes over me. In the moment, it's like I am Enrico Matassa."
↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Momma's Boys
↑ 2.0 2.1 Any Which Way But Zeus
↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 The Venture Bros. & The Curse of the Haunted Problem
↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 The Rorqual Affair
↑ 5.0 5.1 Tears of a Sea Cow
↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Arrears in Science
↑ The High Cost of Loathing
↑ The Terminus Mandate
Retrieved from "https://venturebrothers.fandom.com/wiki/Enrico_Matassa?oldid=44292"
Articles using Infobox character with multiple unlabeled fields
The Venture Bros. characters


text:
This is a timeline of the Karluks. The Kara-Khanid Khanate is also included, however it is disputed whether the Karluks or Yagmas were the dominant group within the khanate.

7th century

8th century

9th century

10th century

11th century

12th century

13th century

References

Bibliography
 .

 (alk. paper)

  (paperback).

 .

Turkic timelines
Nomadic groups in Eurasia
Ethnic groups in Asia
History of the Turkic peoples


text:
--TEST--
Test ctype_print() function : usage variations - different strings
--SKIPIF--
<?php require_once('skipif.inc'); ?>
--FILE--
<?php
/* Prototype  : bool ctype_print(mixed $c)
 * Description: Checks for printable character(s)
 * Source code: ext/ctype/ctype.c
 */

/*
 * Pass strings containing different character types to ctype_print() to test
 * which are considered valid printable character only strings
 */

echo "*** Testing ctype_print() : usage variations ***\n";

$orig = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "C");

$values = array(
/*1*/  "This string contains just letters and spaces", // Simple string
       "but this one contains some numbers too 123+456 = 678", // Mixed string
       "",
       " ",
/*5*/  "a",
       "ABCXYZ",
       "abcxyz",
       "ABCXYZ123DEF456",
       "abczyz123DEF456",
/*10*/ "\r\n",
       "123",
       "03F", // hexadecimal 'digits'
       ")speci@! ch@r$(",
       '@!$*',
/*15*/ 'ABC',
       'abc',
       'ABC123',
       'abc123',
       "abc123\n",
/*20*/ 'abc 123',
       '',
       ' ',
/*23*/ base64_decode("w4DDoMOHw6fDiMOo") // non-ascii characters
);

$iterator = 1;
foreach($values as $value) {
      echo "\n-- Iteration $iterator --\n";
      var_dump( ctype_print($value) );
      $iterator++;
};

setlocale(LC_CTYPE, $orig);
?>
===DONE===
--EXPECTF--
*** Testing ctype_print() : usage variations ***

-- Iteration 1 --
bool(true)

-- Iteration 2 --
bool(true)

-- Iteration 3 --
bool(false)

-- Iteration 4 --
bool(true)

-- Iteration 5 --
bool(true)

-- Iteration 6 --
bool(true)

-- Iteration 7 --
bool(true)

-- Iteration 8 --
bool(true)

-- Iteration 9 --
bool(true)

-- Iteration 10 --
bool(false)

-- Iteration 11 --
bool(true)

-- Iteration 12 --
bool(true)

-- Iteration 13 --
bool(true)

-- Iteration 14 --
bool(true)

-- Iteration 15 --
bool(true)

-- Iteration 16 --
bool(true)

-- Iteration 17 --
bool(true)

-- Iteration 18 --
bool(true)

-- Iteration 19 --
bool(false)

-- Iteration 20 --
bool(true)

-- Iteration 21 --
bool(false)

-- Iteration 22 --
bool(true)

-- Iteration 23 --
bool(false)
===DONE===

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
International Verification Commission (IVC) Report
The International Verification Commission (IVC) has held a series of meetings in Bilbao from February 18th to February 20th 2013 to gather information on the state of the ceasefire and the end of violence in the Basque Country, and to monitor developments in these areas.
On February 18th and 19th the Commission bilaterally met with the President of the Basque Country and representatives of political and social actors in Basque society (the list of interlocutors below*). On February 20th the Commission held a plenary meeting. The Commission is grateful to all of them for their assistance and support in the carrying out of its work.
During this visit, the Commission has verified that two years after ETA's declaration of a permanent, general and verifiable ceasefire and 16 months after its declaration of a definitive end of violence, ETA continues to fulfill its commitments. Our interlocutors in the Basque Country have informed us that assassinations, bombings, attacks, threats and extortion have ceased.
While the Commission is generally satisfied with ETA's compliance with the ceasefire and its declaration to end violence, it continues to work on improving relevant aspects.
The Commission notes the high expectations that exist in Basque society about the need for further steps to be taken towards the consolidation of peace. We call on any and all relevant actors to seize this opportunity taking new steps and confidence building measures.
Through meetings with all our interlocutors in the Basque Country and contacts with ETA, the Commission is optimistic that these steps will be taken. Nevertheless, to guard against complacency or delay, it is vital that appropriate steps be taken now to grasp this historic opportunity. The Commission is at the disposal of all actors to help in achieving them.
The Commission would like to welcome the election of a new Basque Parliament. The Commission is confident that this newly elected institution will advance the consolidation of peace in the Basque Country. In particular, the Commission hopes that the newly created Commission for Peace and Coexistence in the Parliament will serve to further dialogue among all parties.
On February 20th 2013 the IVC met with the following political and social actors:
Iñigo Urkullu (Basque Country President)
Andoni Orutzar (EAJ-PNV)
Joseba Aurrekoetxea (EAJ-PNV)
Jesús Loza (PSE-EE)
Miguel Ángel Lujua (Confebask)
Patxi Agirrezabala (ELA)
Igor Urrutikoetxea (LAB)
Oscar Arenas (CCOO)
Loli Garcia (CCOO)
Sanitago Martinez (CCOO)
Vicario Ángel María Unzueta (Bilbao diocese, Church)
Obispo Juan María Uriarte (invited as an individual)
Chris Maccabe, former Political Director of the Northern Ireland Office of the United Kingdom and former Director of the Prison Service in Northern Ireland
Satish Nambiar, former Deputy Chief of the Indian Army and former Commander and Head of Mission of the UN Protection Force in the former Yugoslavia in 1992 and 1993
Aracelly Santana, former Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Deputy Head of Mission, United Nations Mission in Nepal (UMIN) and former Director, Americas Office in the United Nations Department of Political Affairs


Skiing is all about posture and the mechanics of how you position your body.
Skiing can be the most dangerous of all extreme sports or the least dangerous, depending on the slope you're descending and the conditions of the snow. Although the variables of skiing are limitless -- from almost vertically steep, ice-hard runs to gently rolling slopes with waist deep powder -- your body position doesn't change. The right posture for skiing determines everything, from your ability to control your speed and turn to stopping and wipeout prevention. If you can maintain the correct body alignment, the speed at which you ski and the grade of the runs you descend are almost boundless.
Your head should remain fixed atop your shoulders like a soldier's and serve but one function, to look down the fall line. Your head should never lean forward or fall back or tilt to one side or the other. Your eyes should always be looking straight down the hill. Looking to one side of the ski run or the other serves no purpose because your line of descent is downhill. Like driving a car and watching the scenery out the side window, not looking downhill is one of the primary causes of wipeouts, crashes and burns, yard sales and starfish tumbles.
Just like your head -- which sits like a statue atop your shoulders -- your shoulders should move very little when you ski. They have one position to assume and that is directly above your feet. Your knees and hips can move forward and back, respectively, but your shoulders remain in a straight line above your feet, and the parallel line between your shoulders and feet is perpendicular to your skis, which are horizontal to the slope of the run. Your shoulders can move up and down, and you compress and extend your body as you bend and straighten your knees. They can also move from right to left as you initiate turns. However, the right skiing posture for your body requires you to maintain a straight line between your shoulders and feet that is perpendicular to your skis.
Skiing and driving -- surprisingly -- have a great deal in common in respect to body posture, particularly in respect to the positioning of your hands. Just like a steering wheel, the grips on ski poles naturally align your hands so your palms are facing one another. Correct skiing posture calls for hands in front of your torso, between chest and belly button high, and your elbows bent to the same degree as your knees. The bend in your elbows determines how close your hands are to your torso. The more you squat -- a means of lowering your center of gravity at high speeds -- the closer your hands are to your chest and to one another. The more you straighten your legs, the farther from your chest, and the farther apart, your hands should be. Your hands should be at least shoulder-width apart, but no more than 2 feet at all times.
The correct ski stance is one that keeps the bottoms of both skis flat on the surface of the snow. In other words, keep your legs at least shoulder-width apart or closer, depending on your legs. If your legs are too far apart, you will be carving the inside edges of both skis, which will drive the tips of your skis into one another, or worse, across one another. Crossing your skis often leads to falling or wrecking. If your legs are too close, you'll end up riding the outside edge of each ski. The tips will shoot away from one another, and you'll end up doing the splits.
What Are the Hardest Possible Rankings for a Ski Run?