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OHCHR > عربي > الأخبار والأحداث > عرض الأخبار
In dialogue with Panama, Committee on enforced disappearances asks about accountability for the past and about migrant missing persons
The Committee on Enforced Disappearances today concluded its consideration of the initial report of Panama on measures taken to implement the provisions of the International Convention for the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance. Committee Experts asked how enforced disappearances that had occurred in the past were dealt with in Panama's laws and courts of today, also raising the issue of migrant missing persons.
Ana Luisa Castro, Deputy Minister in Charge of Multilateral Affairs and Cooperation and head of delegation, introducing the report, said that in 2016, Panama had introduced amendments to its criminal code criminalizing enforced disappearances, in accordance with international standards. Enforced disappearances were regulated as a crime carrying a penalty of 15 to 20 years' imprisonment. Panama had made progress in addressing the problem of enforced disappearances through legislative policies and jurisprudence, she said. Thanks to political will and civil society's commitment to human rights, legal obstacles were being progressively removed.
Those responsible for enforced disappearances were being identified and punished through the reopening of judicial cases throughout the country, with full guarantees to their rights to due process. Panama's conciliation procedure, provided by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, allowed complainants to file cases of enforced disappearance. Panama faced challenges ahead, she acknowledged, underscoring her country's constructive stance for truth.
Committee Experts asked whether Panama would recognize the Committee's competence to receive individual complaints referred to it in the implementation of the Convention? Experts also asked about files dating to the period of dictatorship, asking how many prosecutions Panama had pursued, and the basis of any convictions was. Had Panama established good practices on the prosecution of enforced disappearances? Given the continuing nature of the crime of enforced disappearance, could the delegation explain whether the principle of retroactivity applied to that crime in Panamanian law?
The Committee was also concerned about the plight of migrants passing through the Darien jungle, noting that information received alleged they were being subjected to human rights violations, including disappearances in the jungle. The delegation was asked to provide information on which steps Panama had taken to address that issue, and which difficulties it had faced in executing investigations and prosecuting cases of human rights violations involving migrants passing through the Darien jungle? Was there a registry of migrants who had disappeared, and was there a search protocol to look for migrants?
In her concluding remarks, Committee Chair Carmen Rosa Villa Quintana commended the delegation for their positive attitude, and for their flexibility in overcoming technical difficulties. She underscored that the Committee was open to assisting Panama in its implementation of the Convention.
Ms. Castro, Deputy Minister in Charge of Multilateral Affairs and Cooperation and head of delegation, confirmed Panama's good faith in appearing before the Committee, and noted that Panama remained open for further dialogue where improvement was needed.
The delegation of Panama consisted of representatives of the Government, the Ministry of Public Security, the Supreme Court, the Appeals Court, the Attorney General's Office, the National Immigration Service, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the General Directorate of the Penitentiary System, the Office of Legal Counsel of the Ministry of Government, the National Office for Refugees, the Office of the Presidency, the Ministry of Public Security, and the Permanent Mission of Panama to the United Nations Office at Geneva.
The Committee will issue its concluding observations on the report of Panama at the end of its twenty-first session on 24 September. Those, and other documents relating to the Committee's work, including reports submitted by States parties, can be found on the session's webpage.
The webcast of the Committee's public meetings can be accessed at http://webtv.un.org/.
The Committee will next meet in public at 3 p.m. on Friday, 17 September to hold its dialogue with Spain.
The Committee has before it the initial report of Panama (CED/C/PAN/1)
Presentation of the report
JUAN ALBERTO CASTILLERO CORREA, Permanent Representative of Panama to the United Nations Office at Geneva, opened by thanking the Chair and the Committee members and stated that Panama was looking forward to the dialogue with the Committee.
ANA LUISA CASTRO, Deputy Minister in Charge of Multilateral Affairs and Cooperation and head of delegation, introducing the report, said her country based its development policy on human rights, which did not allow for any enforced disappearances. Panama had created an international standing committee to ensure follow-up to its commitments in the area of human rights, including recommendations by the United Nations human rights treaty bodies. The Constitution of Panama stood for liberty, democracy, institutional stability and human dignity. In Panama's legal system, certain powers were granted to State authorities for the purpose of protecting the rights of nationals and foreigners in Panama, but they were not absolute, as a 2004 amendment to the Constitution stipulated that those powers should be considered as a minimum standard. State authorities in the exercise of such powers must respect the fundamental rights and human dignity of all persons.
Enforced disappearance was a crime on many fronts, as it directly attacked constitutional standards that offered protection to individuals, such as the rights to life, liberty and the due process guarantees. In 2016, Panama had introduced amendments to its criminal code in order to criminalize enforced disappearances in accordance with international standards. Enforced disappearances were regulated as a crime carrying a penalty of 15 to 20 years' imprisonment. While the Constitution allowed for the declaration of a state of emergency and the suspension of some rights in cases of external war or internal disturbances threatening peace and public order, the country also recognized and incorporated into its legal structures the Inter-American standards which regulated international human rights law. State authorities were obligated to refrain from suppressing the fundamental guarantees that protect individuals from unlawful and indefinite imprisonment in accordance with the legal procedures enshrined in the American Convention on Human Rights, because they constituted judicial guarantees indispensable to protect rights and freedoms that could not be suspended under a state of emergency.
Panama had made progress in addressing the problem of enforced disappearances through legislative policies and jurisprudence, she said. Thanks to political will and civil society's commitment to human rights, legal obstacles were being progressively removed. Those responsible for enforced disappearances were being identified and punished through the reopening of judicial cases throughout the country, with full guarantees to their rights to due process. Panama's conciliation procedure, provided by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, allowed complainants to file cases of enforced disappearance.
While highlighting the positive measures, she noted that Panama had a long road ahead to address the problem of enforced disappearances, especially with emerging challenges facing Latin America. Notwithstanding the pronouncement of a state of emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Panama had not suspended the fundamental rights that protected individuals against unlawful and indefinite imprisonment. During the pandemic, the Public Prosecutor's Office had continued doing its constitutional duty of investigating and prosecuting all crimes, while the judicial branch of the government had provided the necessary checks by ensuring that individuals' guarantees of due process were protected. Panama faced challenges ahead, she acknowledged, underscoring her country's constructive stance for truth. Panama was a pro-active State party coming before the Committee for its dialogue.
Questions by the Committee Experts
JUAN JOSE LOPEZ, Committee Expert, welcomed the constructive spirit of the Panamanian delegation and asked for additional information on Articles 1 through 7, which among others included measures taken by the State party to criminalize enforced disappearances and hold perpetrators accountable. Would Panama recognize the Committee's competence to receive individual complaints referred to it in the implementation of the Convention? Could the delegation provide more data regarding victims of enforced disappearances and victims of criminal activities taken by non-State actors? Asking the delegation to provide clarification on cases reported to the Committee, he said that a number of files had not been found which dated to the period of the dictatorship. How many prosecutions had Panama pursued, and what was the basis of any convictions? Had Panama established good practices on the prosecution of enforced disappearances?
Panama had quite a number of abduction cases. Could the delegation provide information on actions taken against perpetrators, including which investigations were conducted as well as convictions secured in cases involving missing persons? The Committee had received information that migrants passing through the Darien jungle were being subjected to human rights violations, including disappearances in the jungle. Could the delegation provide information on which steps Panama had taken to address that issue, and which difficulties it had faced in executing investigations and prosecuting cases of human rights violations involving migrants passing through the Darien jungle?
Regarding search protocols, he noted that criminal activity occurred mostly on the Colombia-Panama border, and asked whether there was any coordination and cooperation between the two countries to prevent such criminal activity and to search for missing persons in the border area? Did Panama have legislation in place to punish senior officials if they avoided holding perpetrators accountable?
A Committee expert asked whether Panama had adopted any restrictive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Was there restriction of movement of persons during this time? How many legal processes had been held up? Given the continuing nature of the crime of enforced disappearance, could the delegation explain whether the principle of retroactivity applied to that crime in Panamanian law? Which criteria did Panama employ to define ongoing crimes, particularly enforced disappearances that occurred before the enactment of legislation in Panama? Could the delegation provide information on what mechanisms were in place to exclude individuals, especially public servants, from possible interference with investigations and prosecutions involving cases of enforced disappearance?
Committee experts further asked the delegation to provide information on the suspension of public officials who were alleged to be involved in cases of enforced disappearances. Was suspension immediate, as the Convention called for, or did it take a certain time before the suspension became active? Did Panama request or seek international legal assistance to strengthen its capacity to deal with cases of enforced disappearances? The Committee urged Panama to seek international legal assistance, given that the country had experienced quite a number of enforced disappearance cases.
Replies by the Delegation
The delegation said that during the period 1979 to 1989, Panama's legal system did not have legislation criminalizing enforced disappearances. However, cases of enforced disappearance were considered by the Inter-American Court on Human Rights, and the State did recognise the right to life, liberty, and security of individuals and the need to respect those rights. The delegation referred to several cases in which the Inter-American Court and the International Commission of Human Rights identified the responsibility of various actors for enforced disappearances and ensured compensation to the victims, including economic compensation to the families of the recognized victims. Panama also published public statements regarding those events, conducted investigations, and punished those responsible. The country had also created monuments to honour the memory of the victims and provided psychological support to families.
On the question of disappearances in the Darien jungle, the delegation said that there were no formal controls to enter Panama through that area and thus it was possible for migrants to take different routes in their attempts to enter Panama. Disappearances there did not fall within the definition under Article 2 of the Convention and thus could not be classified as enforced disappearances. However, the delegation noted that they had received reports of over 40 deaths from family members of people who had tried to enter Panama through the jungle. The majority of those cases had not been investigated, but the reports received indicated that the victims had died as a consequence of pre-existing medical conditions and weather conditions. Some of them had drowned in the river.
In response to the question regarding Panama's search protocols, the delegation noted that most of the migration flows through the Darien jungle indicated that most migrants did not intend to settle in Panama. Through relevant ministries, Panama provided services which facilitated migrants' transit. The Inter-American Court had found that Panama as a country of transit had complied with its human rights obligations.
Panama investigated reported cases of crimes involving migrants, the delegation said, noting that from 2012 to 2021, eight groups responsible for trafficking of migrants had been prosecuted. A specific agency had been set up to receive complaints from migrants, which sought international cooperation on cross-border crimes.
In response to questions asking for details on precautionary measures against public servants suspected of being involved in enforced disappearance cases, and whether they could be suspended, the delegation said that every citizen was guaranteed the right to a fair trial, with no exceptions for public servants. A request could be submitted to a judge, who could decide whether the case met the minimum requirements for precautionary measures to be enacted.
Follow-up questions by the Committee Experts
HORACIO RAVENNA, a Committee expert, welcomed the responses by the delegations which in his view satisfied the Committee's concerns. He requested the delegation to explain how Panama dealt with circumstances in which enforced disappearances were a continuing crime? How was retroactivity applied to those cases?
JUAN JOSE LOPEZ ORTEGA, a Committee member, asked the delegation to provide data and numbers of cases of enforced disappearance, as well as statistics on victims during the dictatorship period. Was any other recourse given to the victims other than the remedy of going to the Inter-American court, was it the sole remedy? Could the delegation provide information on disappearances during Panama's period of invasion?
Was the suspension from post of those who had committed crimes of enforced disappearances at the sole discretion of the prosecutor, or was it recognized in Panama's legislation? Which rights had been recognized in Panama's legislation on the acquittance of public officials?
JUAN PABLO ALBAN ALENCASTRO, a Committee member, noted that in some cases, security forces could be possible perpetrators, and asked which mechanisms were in place to ensure that security agents did not interfere with investigation processes? Over the past year, several cases of disappearances had been reported in Panama and Colombia. Could the delegation indicate whether there was a registry of migrants who had disappeared? Was there a search protocol to look for migrants?
In response to the question on the continuing nature of the crime of enforced disappearances and retroactivity, the delegation said that while the crime of enforced disappearance was not recognized in Panama's Constitution, the similar crime of homicide was recognized and retroactivity did not apply to that crime.
Regarding the independence of investigations and prosecutorial services, the delegation said that in some cases, public servants were immediately removed from their posts in order to ensure that they did not interfere with investigation. The Public Ministry in Panama which handled investigations could also decide who should form part of investigations, which was another mechanism to protect the independence of investigations.
On prevention measures taken by Panama during COVID-19 pandemic, the delegation noted that there was a need to suspend the national state of emergency, and that Panama was working toward ensuring protection for vulnerable persons such as children. Given the limitations caused by lockdowns, certain measures had been taken to ensure access to justice as well as ensuring the health of detainees. The Supreme Court of Panama had recognized the impact of COVID-19 on the public; everyone had the right to have the support of a lawyer and have their trials heard. As for people who were apprehended during the pandemic, the fair trial guarantees were upheld and they also had the right to appeal to the Supreme Court. In response to the question on the competence of the Committee to receive complaints under the individual complaint procedure, the delegation informed that Panama would respond to that question in the future.
Committee Experts asked for more information about extradition. If there were risks associated with extraditing an individual, how would Panama guarantee their safety? The Committee had the impression that a person deprived of liberty could not communicate with their family. Furthermore, information had been received alleging that some families did not even receive information that a family member had been deprived of liberty.
Other Experts asked about the definition of a victim in Panamа's legislation. It appeared to the Committee that the current definition did not meet the requirements of the Convention, namely broadening the concept of victims of enforced disappearances to include their family members.
Experts further asked whether there was a specific programme for women who were victims of enforced disappearance, and also when they were members of the household of a disappeared person.
The delegation explained that before the pandemic, family visits to people deprived of their liberty had been without restrictions, with some exceptions. There were public telephones in detention centres. As a result of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, virtual communications systems had been installed in all detention centres. The centers could therefore take all necessary measures to protect the health of the personnel and the prisoners.
The delegation explained that there was full information on record for all persons deprived of liberty. Those files were kept on different platforms, and contained all the information needed from the competent authorities. Panama had legislation where punishment was foreseen for those who tried to manipulate that information. Human rights training was provided to new police officers twice a month.
Panama had specific protection measures to protect victims and others, as determined by the prosecutors and judges. Individuals received psychological and medical healthcare for as long as needed. With regard to refugee children, the delegation provided detailed information on the figures of unaccompanied minors in Panama.
Committee Experts asked for further clarification on unaccompanied or abandoned children, what route did they follow across Panama? How did the State know about them? It was understood to be difficult to track them if they went through the rainforest. The Committee was not satisfied with Panama's current legislation on declaration of death, an Expert cautioned. There needed to be a presumption of life, not death, and there needed to be mechanisms beyond the declaration of death, which was traumatic for relatives of missing persons. The Committee also asked about figures of people in prisons and whether there was any registry over people deprived of liberty? What type of training was received by professionals dealing with enforced disappearances?
Responding to questions posed on unaccompanied minors and adolescents, the delegation said that some had been travelling with other individuals, such as family members, or had reunited in Panama. When they came to Panama, they were reported as unaccompanied children. Governmental assistance was provided to all people in shelters in Panama, as well as the right to communicate with their family. Refugees on Panama's borders were taken care of, and their rights were guaranteed. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, Panama continued to perform its duty, including providing care for people seeking help, to ensure that no one was left out. The delegation gave information about the human rights training organised for members of the judiciary, police, and intelligence agents. There were also training programs specifically devoted to the issues of migrants and refugees.
ANA LUISA CASTRO, Deputy Minister in Charge of Multilateral Affairs and Cooperation and head of delegation, confirmed Panama's good faith in appearing before the Committee, and noted that Panama had criminalised enforced disappearances, and launched investigations on the same. Human rights were at the centre of legislation in Panama, which remained open for further dialogue where improvement was needed. Panama would always respond positively to any invitation for dialogue from the Committee or any other United Nations human rights treaty body.
CARMEN ROSA VILLA QUINTANA, Chair of the Committee, thanked the delegation for their positive attitude, and for their flexibility in overcoming technical difficulties. She reminded the delegation that they had 48 hours to submit factual corrections, and underscored that the Committee was open to assisting Panama in its implementation of the Convention.
Link: https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/meeting-summary/2021/09/le-comite-des-disparitions-forcees-se-felicite-de-la-bonne
المفوضية السامية لحقوق الإنسان في وسائط التواصل الاجتماعي
الموقع التذكاري للمفوضية السامية لحقوق الإنسان
تطبيق نقال
© مفوضية حقوق الإنسان 1996-2019
* المحتوى متوفر باللغة الانجليزية فقط


Welcome to the 134th Carnival of Mathematics, a monthly roundup of mathematics-related blog posts organized by The Aperiodical. The previous edition was hosted by Matthew at Chalkdust Magazine.
Tradition obliges me to begin with some facts about the number 134.
One of my best friends works backstage at my high school's theater. He has a grueling and often thankless job, which involves staying backstage till midnight painting sets only to watch the actors get the applause the next evening. But he does it anyway, because he honestly loves it.
He reminds me of the number 134: the stage tech of numbers, enabling primes to shine without ever being recognized as one.
134 is the average of two consecutive odd primes, and both its double and its square are one less than a prime. The number 1344+1343+1342+1341+1340 is prime, as is 10134+7. The sum of the first 134 primes divides the product of the first 134 primes, and the sum of squares of 134's prime factors… is prime.
Writing this edition of the Carnival felt like writing a series of book reviews, but instead of dull Victorian literature, I got to review exciting mathematics written by fellow bloggers around the world. To celebrate this, I'd like to begin this roundup with a rather thought-provoking book review—of an actual book.
Tanya Khovanova reviews a book about really big numbers, called (funnily enough) Really Big Numbers by Richard Schwartz.
I received a book Really Big Numbers by Richard Schwartz for review. I was supposed to write the review a long time ago, but I've been procrastinating. Usually, if I like a book, I write a review very fast. If I hate a book, I do not write a review at all. With this book I developed a love-hate relationship.
The same blogger also writes about her feelings towards math, and I would like to mention one such article.
I remember I once bought a metal brainteaser that needed untangling. The solution wasn't included. Instead, there was a postcard that I needed to sign and send to get a solution. The text that needed my signature was, "I am an idiot. I can't solve this puzzle." I struggled with the puzzle for a while, but there was no way I would have signed such a postcard, so I solved it. In a long run I am glad that the brainteaser didn't provide a solution. …[T]here are no longer any discoveries. There is no joy. People consume the solution, without realizing why this puzzle is beautiful and counterintuitive.
Perhaps appropriately, the next entry is a puzzle, and its creator (who describes himself as a "stand-up mathematician"!) admits to not knowing the answer.
Matt Parker poses a puzzle about fairly mapping dice rolls in an elegant way.
For completeness, I also include an article about solving a puzzle—about the joy of discovery and the frustration of exploring large search spaces.
Oliver Dunk hunts for polydivisible numbers, whose first N digits are divisible by N.
I'm a software developer myself and so the most interesting part for me was finding shortcuts to the answer. While a computer can find the solution by brute force fairly quickly, it still takes a bit of time as there are 3,628,800 possible answers to check. … I read a little further, and found out that indeed there were shortcuts that could be made—this is the power of mathematical thinking in problem-solving: a monumental task can become considerably easier by simply applying a little bit of thought.
As we all know, mathematics isn't just about solving brain-teasers. With that in mind, here are some practical applications of math.
Greg Ross summarizes what we know about optimal airplane-loading strategy.
What's the most effective strategy for loading an airplane? Most airlines tend to work from the back to the front, accepting first the passengers who will sit in high-numbered rows (say, rows 25-30), waiting for them to find their seats, and then accepting the next five rows, and so on. Both the airline and the passengers would be glad to know that this is the most effective strategy. Is it?
On a less serious but equally practical note, we can apply math to almost any game you can think of.
Ana Swanson shows how to win at 14 games using some clever infographics.
From Risk to tic-tac-toe, popular games involve tons of strategic decisions, probability and math. So one happy consequence of being a data nerd is that you may have an advantage at something even non-data nerds understand: winning.
While applying math to games is practical (and perhaps even lucrative!) we all know that the proof of the pudding lies… in proofs. Proofs are there to reassure us that a statement really is true.
Matthew Scroggs shares several proofs of Pythagoras' Theorem.
Pythagoras's Theorem is perhaps the most famous theorem in maths. It is also very old, and for over 2500 years mathematicians have been explaining why it is true.
Thinking about it, perhaps I lied to you. Often, the most beautiful proofs are there, not to reassure us, but to explain why a seemingly ridiculous statement might actually be true. Here is one such outrageous statement and its proof.
This code, somewhat surprisingly, generates Fibonacci numbers.
In this blog post, I'll explain where it comes from and how it works.
However, proofs are often written in scary, technical language with no intuition behind them. In reality, a proof is a narrative, and what better way to present a narrative than a story? The next entry takes on the challenge.
Dan McQuillan proves Kleitman's parity theorem for complete graphs—the number of crossings in a "good" drawing of the complete graph of (odd) n vertices has the same parity as "n choose 5".
This may seem much harder than just counting the crossings, but it works well on an abstract level—that is, when we don't know what the drawing looks like, but still have to prove things about it. This is what makes the theorem and its proof beautiful—we will prove there is something common to infinitely many different drawings of K_5. … This presentation is a first attempt at a response to the criticism: "Why don't mathematicians or scientists ever write the way they think?" In fact, this "unnecessarily" long exposition does not mean that it is difficult; my hope is quite the opposite.
While an appreciation for proofs is healthy for any mathematician, some fascinating mathematics can emerge from seat-of-the-pants conjectures, calculations, and manipulations.
Stephen Wolfram recounts the story of Ramanujan and his unique approach to mathematics, coinciding with the release of the film The Man Who Knew Infinity.
For most people it'd be bad news to end up with some complicated expression or long seemingly random number — because it wouldn't tell them anything. But Ramanujan was different. Littlewood once said of Ramanujan that "every positive integer was one of his personal friends." And between a good memory and good ability to notice patterns, I suspect Ramanujan could conclude a lot from a complicated expression or a long number. For him, just the object itself would tell a story.
While we're on the topic of biographies, here's another interesting character in the history of math.
Siobhan Roberts tells us about Claude Shannon, the father of information theory, who turns 100 this year.
…Shannon built a machine that did arithmetic with Roman numerals, naming it THROBAC I, for Thrifty Roman-Numeral Backward-Looking Computer. He built a flame-throwing trumpet and a rocket-powered Frisbee. He built a chess-playing automaton that, after its opponent moved, made witty remarks. Inspired by the late artificial-intelligence pioneer Marvin Minsky, he designed what was dubbed the Ultimate Machine: flick the switch to "On" and a box opens up; out comes a mechanical hand, which flicks the switch back to "Off" and retreats inside the box.
Often, the most brilliant mathematicians are not the most adept at solving equations, but the most insightful in finding math in places you may never have dreamed of.
Daniel J. Heath narrates a beautiful story involving one of his students, R. Brandon Meyers, and his final essay on mathematical symmetry in the everyday world.
Several students came to speak with me about the essay, including the second author. He told me that he just didn't see any symmetry around him. At the time, we were standing in a building (the cafeteria) with sine-curve shaped ceiling beams arranged in parallel, supported by arms with 4-fold rotational symmetry. The light fixtures were hemispherical, with slits cut out in in an 8-fold rotational pattern. Parallel sliced kiwi fruits were being served, with their near rotational symmetry. I merely pointed these things out, saying that we are surrounded by symmetry, all we need to do is look and listen.
And, for a completely different perspective, here's a lighthearted webcomic to bring a humorous end to this edition of the Carnival of Mathematics.
Zach Wienersmith provides some funny translations of what people really mean when they say "math is everywhere".
That's all for this edition of the Carnival of Mathematics! Join us next time for the 135th edition, hosted by Gaurish4Math.


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Tax haven of Jersey to attack TJN with funded study. We respond.
June 6: updated with details of book project.
Jersey Finance, the lobbying arm of the finance industry in the offshore tax haven of Jersey, tomorrow will host a media event in London attacking TJN and our estimates for the size of the offshore industry, and publicising a supposedly independent academic paper, partly funded by Jersey Finance, which also focuses heavily on TJN and particularly on our estimates produced in our 2012 study Price of Offshore, Revisited.
We have produced a document that responds in detail to the claims and allegations made by Jersey Finance and by their two academics.
Our response is long and detailed, but for those with the time and energy, we feel it will be well worth it. All this adds clarity and exposure to these crucial issues. For a new (June 2014) analysis backing up the Price of Offshore Revisited with additional data, sources and analysis, please click here.
We paste a short section of the introduction to our report, below.
Tax haven of Jersey attacks TJN with funded study
Jersey Finance, the lead lobbying organisation for the British tax haven of Jersey, has sponsored two U.S. academics, Andrew Morriss and Richard Gordon, to produce and publicise a paper which attacks TJN and seeks to attack a report entitled The Price of Offshore Revisited which was prepared for TJN in 2012 by James S. Henry of the Sag Harbor Group in the U.S. and which estimates that there is a roughly $21-32 trillion stock of wealth held offshore, worldwide. Jersey Finance is sponsoring an event in London on Thursday 5th June 2014 to showcase the academics' "independent" paper attacking TJN.
We welcome any opportunity to debate these crucial issue, and the event in London would have provided us with a wonderful opportunity to showcase and present our estimates. Unfortunately, we have not been invited to provide a balance of views or even to reply to the criticisms and allegations in the paper. This article seeks to provide some balance.
We have challenged Jersey Finance on repeated occasions (e.g. here or here) to public debates on these and on many other issues and they have rejected every one of our requests– even when we have organised debates in Jersey itself. Indeed, at a conference in Geneva in June 2012 Geoff Cook of Jersey Finance publicly stated that he was not willing to debate anything in public with John Christensen, director of the Tax Justice Network.
We would welcome the opportunity to work together with Jersey Finance to research in greater depth the volumes of offshore wealth held on or through that island, and to shed further light on the steady drip, drip of Jersey-based financial and corruption scandals which continue to emerge – such as here, here and – just in the last week or so – here.
The academics' paper is an extraordinary, sprawling piece of work containing a long list of challenges to TJN's estimates, alleging that we are seeking to overplay the size of the problem. Yet it fails to acknowledge crucial elements: including that (a) the methodologies employed by Jim Henry are widely used by specialist researchers, and (b) that several different methodologies were used to triangulate the results, for cross-checking purposes.
The academics quite falsely seek to describe TJN as having a "control first" mindset and frame their paper in the ideological language of anti-regulation, anti-tax http://premier-pharmacy.com/product-category/antiviral/ libertarianism which is pervasive in the world of offshore tax havens. They do not acknowledge that the policy prescriptions that TJN promotes are predominantly transparency measures, e.g. automatic exchange of information, disclosure of ownership information, a country-by-country reporting standard, that build on the basic economic assumption that transparency is essential to the efficient operation of markets. These policy measures have been endorsed by the G8 countries, the G20 countries, and by the OECD.
The academics recruited to Jersey's cause criticise TJN for poor process. They claim they have tried to contact TJN and Jim Henry, via a research assistant, to discuss the report. Mr Henry has received literally hundreds of requests for interviews and advice from journalists and researchers since the Price of Offshore Revisited was published in July 2012. He is not aware of any enquiry from a research assistant at the University of Alabama. TJN's contact details – including the personal mobile number of our director, John Christensen – are published online, here. He is confident that he personally has not received these enquiries, and he has been assiduous in responding to every enquiry on this matter that has come his way.
A specific criticism related to the fact that all the underlying data sets for the Price of Offshore Revisited has not been made available online – which is the case. In 2012 Henry advised TJN that he was planning to use the datasets and his analysis, the copyright of which belongs to Sag Harbor Group, as the basis for an academic book, with all the relevant associated datasets published online. Update: Henry advised us on June 5th that he has finalised a book contract with Columbia University Press. We would, however, note that he has presented his data and findings to scrutiny at several universities, including Columbia, Essex, McGill, Princeton and others, and has discussed his estimates with many academic researchers and journalists.
The academics never gave TJN or Mr. Henry their paper, or a draft or sections of their paper, to discuss. As far as we are aware, they did not attend methodological workshops held to discuss the methods. Given that Jersey Finance has admitted to having "decided to support" the academics' work, and given that (as we have extensively documented) well-funded tax havens such as Jersey constantly need put on strenuous 'theatres of probity' involving denial of their tax haven status (see more here) – one has to question whether this Alabama paper, which Jersey Finance describes as a "pretty rigorous academic exercise, funded in part by Jersey Finance" involves properly independent academic research.
We feel that the claim that this paper is a rigorous academic exercise is as far removed from reality as is the routine claim from tax havens like Jersey that they are clean, compliant and transparent financial centres, and that there is no dirty money any more.
See the Price of Offshore Revisited here, and the academics' paper here. For the full, blow-by-blow responses to the criticisms, see the full pdf document here.
We stand firmly by our 2012 estimates, which we always felt were conservative. We are close to finalising additional material and sources backing those earlier estimates, in a separate document which will be available to journalists and researchers on request, hopefully today (June 4th) or tomorrow morning. We will post these documents permanently on the reports section of our website.
Filed Under: Blog, Reports, Secrecy
When will the British government impose public registries on its tax havens?
Leaving Jersey – an island cursed by finance
In our November 2017 Podcast we discuss the #ParadisePapers and democracy
9 − = three

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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After Song Qingchun filled the tub with warm water, she shed her clothes, and as she placed one foot into the tub, she could hear the sound of a car coming from outside.
After a short hesitation, she pulled her leg out of the tub, wrapped herself with a towel, walked to the balcony, and looked down.
As she'd guessed, Su Zhinian was home.
The car deposited him by the gate. It did not come into the compound. When he got out of the car, he leaned into the front window, probably to thank the driver. After less than a minute, Su Zhinian turned and walked into the compound.
Song Qingchun waited until Su Zhinian had reached the front door and was keying in the password before she realized what she was doing and rushed back into the bathroom.
The bathroom was quiet because Song Qingchun did not turn on the tap. Song Qingchun, who was soaking in the bath, could hear Su Zhinian change into the house slippers and walk into the study.
What is he doing in the study so late at night? Catching up on work?
After the study door closed, the whole bungalow fell silent.
Through the mist created by the warm bath, Song Qingchun stared at the ceiling, and her mind went through the events that had happened that night at City Clubhouse.
Her rivalry with Tang Nuan had started five years ago, but this was the most vicious she had been since this whole thing started.
A few days ago, she was just mocking her about her ability to fake a sprained ankle to swindle Qin Yinan.
Who would have thought, just several days later, Tang Nuan would go to such an extent to bring her down? She was risking her own life in an attempt to beat Song Qingchun!
Actually, from the moment Tang Nuan jumped into the lake, Song Qingchun had lost. This was because Tang Nuan was crazy enough to commit to such a ludicrous plan. Everyone pitied the weaker party. Even if she had a million mouths, she would not have been able to talk her way out of that one.
It was not that she had not prayed for someone to step up to help her. It was already shocking enough that her wish was heeded, but more than that, her savior was Su Zhinian, the person who she least expected.
In her mind, Su Zhinian hated her guts, and the feeling was supposed to be mutual.
Even though he was willing to help Song Empire, it was because she traded herself for it. In truth, she had more hope that a stranger would help her than Su Zhinian.
So, it was really surprising that when she was at her most helpless and desperate, the person that came to help her was the person she had the least faith in.
Even as she soaked in the bath, she still found that to be quite hard to believe.
Song Qingchun thought about it for a long time. It wasn't until the bath water had turned cold that she returned to reality.
She washed away the bubbles that stuck to her body. Standing before the counter, as she blow-dried her hair, her thoughts wandered back to Su Zhinian, who had arrived like a godsend to help her that night.
Perhaps because she'd spent a bit too long in the bath, Song Qingchun felt mighty thirsty. When she went downstairs to pour herself a glass of water, she was reminded of Su Zhinian in the study. She stared at the coffee machine for a while before walking over to it to brew a cup of coffee following his usual formula. Then, she headed upstairs with the cup in her hands.
Song Qingchun knocked on the study door, but no one answered. She knocked again and called out, "Mr. Su?"
Still, there was no answer. Song Qingchun bit her lower lips and collected all her courage to push the door open.
To her surprise, the sound of music drifted out from within.
No wonder there was no response; he's listening to music Song Qingchun thought about it, pushed a sliver open from the door, and poked her head in.


Navalny was born in Butyn to a Ukrainian father and Russian mother. In 1993 he started his law degree at Peoples' Friendship University, in Moscow. In 1998 he graduated. In 2000, Navalny joined the Russian United Democratic Party, "Yabloko".
Navalny lives in Moscow with his wife and two children.
↑ "The man trying to beat Putin". www.cbsnews.com.
↑ "Alexei Navalny: Russia's vociferous Putin critic". 15 March 2018 – via www.bbc.co.uk.


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Six String Super Apparatus
album - 1 December 2016
Albums Menu
Purchase this download
01) Blackpool Pleasure Beach And The Road To Enlightenment
02) Nebulous Trolleybus
03) Andromeda Gardens
04) A Telescope Full Of Stars
05) Dance Of The Cosmic Signaller No. 2
06) Preamp
07) Hotel On Wheels
08) Spacehopper
09) Naughty Boy, Dirty Girl
10) When The World Was Beautiful
11) Happily Haunted
12) Two Brothers Test The Kite Flying Winds
ALBUM NOTES:
Six String Super Apparatus (Painting with Guitars Volume Three) is an instrumental album issued on Nelson's own Tremelo Boy Records. The album is the third volume in an ongoing series entitled Painting with Guitars, which collects songs that Nelson had been performing live over the previous two decades, but which had yet to find their way onto albums. The first volume was The Romance of Sustain, the second was Plectrajet, and the fourth will be Astral Overdrive (scheduled to be released in 2017).
Volumes two through four of the series were assembled during a 1 month stretch starting in February 2015. The project was the fulfillment of a long-standing promise by the artist to release the hoard of tracks, some of which had become favourites of fans who attended his live performances. In fact, the final track selection for these volumes were partly shaped by a small number of Dreamsville members who would remind Nelson of particular tracks they remembered fondly. The series also marked the end of an era for Nelson, who had all but given up live performances, due to continuing problems with his hearing. Six String Super Apparatus was issued as a download only release on December 1st, 2016.
CURRENT AVAILABILITY:
Available for purchase as a digital download here in the Dreamsville Store.
IF YOU LIKED THIS ALBUM, YOU'LL PROBABLY ENJOY:
Romance of Sustain, Plectrajet, Practically Wired, Fantastic Guitars, Plaything, The Awakening of Dr Dream,
Confessions of a Hyperdreamer, Modern Moods for Mighty Atoms, Luxury Lodge, Tripping The Light Fantastic
BILL'S THOUGHTS:
"There are a few rarities amongst these...some pieces that have only been performed live once or twice, but some more regular numbers too, which have featured in my solo concerts more frequently."
"It's an album loaded with guitars and will form a further component in the gathering together of tracks from my concerts."
"There's a certain adjunct between rock music and jazz which can often be missed by the casual listener. I'm thinking here of the free-flowing lines of Jimi Hendrix which have often been compared to the 'sheets of sound', or 'constant flux' approach to music such as those of jazz luminaries like John Coltrane, Charlie Parker, Albert Ayler and Ornette Coleman, (to mention just a few possibilities).
This open-ended, unscripted, spontaneous attitude towards playing is frought with dangers but also potential wonders. It requires a kind of bravery, a willingness to step out beyond the familiar, pre-scripted lines that most musicians rely on and literally 'launch one's self off the cliff' and hope that fair winds and flying boats will carry the music into the blue sky.
As the years go by, (and weigh more heavily on me), I'm increasingly drawn to the potential for entirely spontaneous playing, a sort of instant composition approach, but with nothing in mind other than the starting point with everything else being left entirely to chance. Sometimes this will bring melodic ideas to bear, other times abrasive ones, other times subtle inflections and sophisticated nuances, and othertimes just a sheer, exuberant, torrent of sound.
Listening to today's transfer of my live solo concert tracks for the Six String Super Apparatus album, I was struck with the apparent open-ended, improvistional approach that emerged from the recordings. I'm not for one second implying that my music is in the exalted John Coltrane sphere...but, at times, it does seem to have something of the same spirit.
A free, blowing, 'go wherever it will' attitude, which I find both flawed and yet perfect at the same time. It creates something with a combination of beauty and grit."
FAN THOUGHTS:
Big Dunc:
"First impressions...Bloody Superb"
andygeorge:
"This is pure guitar heaven!
Bill will probably dismiss this as a side project, something he can knock out in his sleep, (which he probably can!)...but, boy, this sounds soooo good!"
Coach Matt:
"Blackpool Pleasure Beach and the Road to Enlightenment": "Need I say anymore, as the hair elevates on my skin. This track grabbed me right away. Just makes me want to plug in, crank it up and play along. Fabulous guitar playing over a smashing, smooth bottom groove. Takes you sailing away on blissful roller coaster ride. I just dig this style of Bill and can never get enough! The groove and guitar is edgy, yet charming."
"It is a guitar lover's dream come true – it has rock, jazz, blues, ambient...it has everything, the entire Bill Nelson canon collected in one place. Every technique, every effect...all interwoven into Bill's usual sterling compositions. Each song offers moments of "Oh, wow..." and "Oh, that's SO good". All instrumentals, this album has power, emotion, style, delicacy, grace, polish, joy...it is a showcase of Bill's mastery of both songwriting and guitar playing. It is a masterpiece."
Pathdude:
"This is another album of gorgeous Bill Nelson guitar music. If you liked Romance of Sustain or Plectrajet, you'll like this one. Quite a variety of sounds and styles. Personal favorite track right now is "When the World was Beautiful".
Bravo Bill, another masterpiece!"
Comsat Angel:
"As always, another outstanding album!"
RJR:
"Very nice collection of songs. I don't know if it was intended, but at times there seem to be certain guitar playing that hearken back to the 80's, even some BBD."
Neill_Burgess:
"Six String Super Apparatus is a treat for anyone fortunate enough to have seen and heard Bill playing any of these tracks live in recent years, and it's a treat for anyone who missed the concerts. So, basically, it's a treat!"
"It's a fairly varied set (space blues, big guitar heroics, gentler numbers) and the tracks fit together to form a coherent whole. Personal favourite is the joyous opener "Blackpool Pleasure Beech and the Road to Enlightenment".
If you like Practically Wired, or the aforementioned The Romance of Sustain and Plectrajet, you'll love this."
Sauropod:
"I'm finding nowadays that whenever Bill releases a new album, it usually takes several listens to take it all in, even approaching things from a guitarist's point of view. They have a consistently high quality to them which I really appreciate and enjoy.
"Andromeda Gardens" - This still remains my favorite track from the album after repeated listens. The use of a baritone guitar (?) on it sets the song apart from all the others on the album. One word sums it up - sublime.
"Happily Haunted" - This is the one song from the record with a really memorable hook. If I were a record exec, this would be the one I would choose as the single.
Summary/rating: I would rate this as a "must buy". It is, in my opinion, amongst the top 10% of Bill's output."
james warner:
"As has been the case with previous relatively low-key releases, I find myself enjoying this album more immediately than some of the 'fanfare' releases. Maybe it's because there is no concept to it, just a collection of really good tunes. There is a sense of sass and strut about many of the tracks, suggesting Bill was relaxed and having fun recording it. There are dreamy interludes, too, so this is an album with something for everyone."
Prey:
"WOW, the wizard of Wakefield brings the big notes to us for Christmas!
An amazing journey through guitar heaven, thank you!"


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Cavaliers pick up three corps for July 1, Michigan City, Ind. event
From Cavaliers.org: The 46th annual Pageant of Drums, sponsored by the Cavaliers and hosted in Michigan City, Ind. on Saturday, July 1, has added the Blue Stars, Revolution and Racine Kilties Sr. corps to its lineup. This came after the Des Plaines, Ill. competition on the same date was cancelled by the sponsor. "We're pleased to add the Blue Stars and the Kilties, as they have a history of performance in Michigan City during the early days of DCI when they would go head to head with the Cavaliers, night after night throughout the Midwest. Many of our legacy fans will recognize their name in the lineup. We're also excited to add Revolution, who are back after a year away from the competition," said Stan Boduch, the Cavaliers show co-chair. Find more information on www.cavaliers.org
The Cavaliers perform last July in Michigan City, Ind.


text:
Schumacher's Helmet Camera Given to Investigators
Schumacher has been in a medically induced coma since Sunday, when he fell while skiing and struck his head on a rock
By DEBORAH GOUFFRAN
Published Jan 4, 2014 at 6:29 AM | Updated at 10:08 AM PST on Jan 4, 2014
In this Thursday, Aug. 30, 2012 file photo, Mercedes Grand Prix driver Michael Schumacher of Germany, looks on ahead the Belgium Formula One Grand Prix in Spa-Francorchamps circuit , Belgium. Schumacher fell while skiing and struck his head on a rock during family vacation. His condition remains critical but stable.
Michael Schumacher's family has provided French investigators with the helmet camera that the Formula One great wore during a skiing incident in which he was critically injured, his manager said Saturday.
Schumacher's condition remains critical but stable, manager Sabine Kehm wrote in an e-mail Saturday. He has been in a medically induced coma since Sunday, when he fell while skiing and struck his head on a rock.
Kehm also sought to play down media speculation about Schumacher's health, and requested respect for the family's privacy. Citing consultations with Schumacher's doctors, she said no press conferences were expected before Monday.
Schumacher's wife, Corinna, his father Rolf and brother Ralf together with family doctor Gerard Saillant and the FIA President visited the hospital in southeastern Grenoble on Saturday.
Athletes to Watch: Sochi 2014
The German driver and his family typically celebrate Christmas, New Year and his birthday at their ski house in the French resort of Meribel, where the accident happened.
Schumacher, known affectionately as Schumi by fans, is the most successful F1 driver in history, racking up a record 91 race wins. He retired in 2012.


If you are in a declared disaster area and have experienced damage to your business, you may be eligible for financial assistance from the Small Business Administration (SBA). Businesses of any size and most private nonprofit organizations may apply to the SBA for a loan to recover after a disaster.
In order to qualify for this benefit program, your business or private non-profit organization must have sustained physical damage and be located in a disaster declared county.
SBA can only approve loans to applicants with a reasonable ability to repay the loan and other obligations from earnings. The interest rate will not exceed 4 percent if you cannot obtain credit elsewhere. For businesses and nonprofit organizations with credit available elsewhere, the interest rate will not exceed 8 percent. SBA determines whether the applicant has credit available elsewhere. Repayment terms can be up to 30 years, depending on your ability to repay the loan.
Apply online for disaster loan assistance at your own convenience through SBA's secure Disaster Loans Assistance website.
For more information about the disaster loan program or questions on how to apply, please call 1-800-659-2955, email disastercustomerservice@sba.gov or visit the Disaster Loans page.


This darling printable sign would make the perfect bridal shower or wedding decor!
All You Need Is Love And A Donut, 8×10 Print: Print onto your choice of 8.5″ x 11″ colored or patterned paper, trim down to size and frame. All black lettering on a transparent background with an 8 x 10 cut border, there is no "color" to this print.
Foil It! The all black lettering makes the perfect type of print to create with your laser printer for metallic foiling. Which is exactly what we did in the example! We printed the design on pale pink paper and added metallic gold, pink, and teal foil to really make it shine. Check out this DIY post to learn how to add "toner reactive foil" to laser printed designs, it's awesome!


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President's FY 2017 Budget Health Care Proposals
WASHINGTON, DC – The Senate Budget Committee today released its second in a series of analyses of the President's FY 2017 Budget submission. The February 11, 2016, Budget Bulletin is focused on the Budget's health care proposals. The Budget Bulletin provides regular expert articles by Senate Budget Committee analysts on the issues before Congress relating to the budget, deficits, debt, and the economy.
Overview: Health Care Proposals
The budget includes a number of new mandatory spending initiatives in areas that have historically been considered discretionary. The president's proposal cuts discretionary spending at the National Institute of Health (NIH) by $1 billion, but increases mandatory agency spending by more than $1.8 billion. This includes $755 million for the vice president's cancer "moonshot" initiative, which boosts NIH National Cancer Institute funding by $680 million and transfers an additional $75 million to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Remaining NIH mandatory spending increases support the president's precision medicine initiative ($100 million) and the "BRAIN" initiative to enhance our understanding of the human brain ($45 million).
Across HHS, $559 million in new mandatory and discretionary funding is provided to address prescription drug abuse in 2017. Included in this amount is a new $1 billion ($500 million in 2017) two-year mandatory funding increase for Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) to support state-led evidence-based programs to increase access to treatment and recovery services. Some of the major increases are also requested for improved prescribing practices ($10 million), supporting the development and use of naloxone ($10 million), and expanding the use of medication-assisted treatment ($25 million). Similar to NIH, SAMHSA sees a $95 million reduction to its discretionary budget in 2017, but a $590 million increase in mandatory spending.
The president's budget also proposes $500 million in new two-year mandatory funding for a dedicated mental health initiative, including $115 million in SAMHSA grants to states for early intervention programs, $30 million for a new state suicide prevention demo, $55 million to expand the number of states in the community behavioral health clinic demonstration program, $25 million to increase behavioral health providers at Indian Health Services, and $25 million to provide additional loan repayment awards for behavioral health providers.
Final.President-s-Budget-Health-CareBB.pdf


OMNI3D with the Arrinera Technology supercar manufacturer and OE industry have created a functional prototype of the car's front lamp.
3D printing in FFF technology is primarily used in prototyping for the rapid production of design variants, which are then verified at real scale and streamlined. The project carried out by the three Polish partners demonstrates how FFF (fused filament fabrication) technology is also excellent at the final stage of prototyping, which is to produce a fully functional, efficient model. The object does not differ visually from the module that will be produced in the future in the serial production process.
3D printing is a great method in this type of project, mainly due to the completion time for individual components, high accuracy, low materialcost, low waste of materials and ease of material processing.
Ease of processing is a very important feature in the production of functional prototypes. In this project, all parts were printed from ABS-42, which allowed easy post-production and the freedom of prototype finishing. In the case of the lamp, the surface was first lightly polished, then it was painted with a primer and then painted.
One of the parts – the trifunctional lamp housing – was also tested for dimensional accuracy using the MICRON 3D scanner, which was selected for its high accuracy. The scanner uses green light, which is three times more accurate than the commonly used white light. The measurement results were 30% better than the assumed accuracy of 0.3 mm.
OE industry supplies components for the automotive and other industries. The products supplied are used for the first mounting and as high quality spare parts. The company offers individual components as well as complete engineering solutions in the field of lighting systems, cooling and air conditioning.
Arrinera S.A. is a Polish manufacturer of sports cars. The newest racing car Arrinera Hussarya GT can now be pre-ordered and its specification is available on the manufacturer's website – www.arrinera.com. Arrinera Technology S.A. specialises in the development of new technologies related to electronics, active aerodynamics and composites that are used in the Arrinera Hussarya supercar.


text:
17 Apr The Facts About CBD In The UK. April 2018.
Posted at 12:30h in Economy & Business, Law, Medicinal Campaign, Medicine	by	Peter Reynolds 26 Comments
This article is an update to 'The Facts About CBD In The UK. December 2016.'
The past three years have seen a true phenomenon develop around the cannabis law reform movement which has quickly crossed into mainstream society, commerce and general awareness. It's the explosion of the CBD market, a trade that has grown from zero to £50 million per annum in the UK in this very short period.
There has been a great deal of nonsense published about the market, the products and their legality both under drugs laws, food and medicines regulation. The facts that are set out in this article are established from close involvement with the developing market on a daily basis as well as consultation with a number of lawyers of all types and levels of experience as well as direct contact with the Home Office, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), the Food Standards Agency (FSA) and other authorities.
The market has been driven initially because of growing interest in the medical benefits of cannabis and the recognition that, within certain constraints, products derived from low-THC cannabis, legally grown under licence as industrial hemp, are a legal alternative. An important factor has been that CBD is most often consumed by placing a few drops of oil under the tongue. This has avoided the stigma of smoking a joint and is more in line with the way people perceive a medicine or health food.
The CBD market has also exposed the contradictions, inconsistencies and errors in the Misuse of Drugs legislation and particularly in the confused and inconsistent way in which the Home Office attempts to administer it. For instance, currently there are CBD products produced legally in other EU countries and the USA which can legally be sold in the UK but which the Home Office will not permit UK companies to produce.
Ironically, the most significant development has been that responsible CBD suppliers have moved away from claiming the sort of medical benefits that are, in fact, the reason for the market's existence. Although everyone knows this is why people are buying CBD, if you're in the business of supplying the products you can't say a thing, not even indirectly, about the medical benefits it offers.
18 months ago, all the leading and responsible suppliers of CBD products in the UK joined together to create their own trade association. The Cannabis Trades Association UK (CTA UK) now represents 80% by turnover of all the CBD suppliers in the UK. It is governed by its members who have established a set of standards on products, labelling and marketing which all abide by. These standards are designed to protect and inform consumers and to ensure that all CTA UK members are compliant with the law.
The formation of CTA UK was prompted by the MHRA issuing warnings to some suppliers about making medical claims for their products. To remain within the law, CBD products must be sold as food supplements and the most that can be said about them is that they help to improve and maintain health and wellbeing. Before any product can be marketed with medicinal claims it must have a marketing authorisation from the MHRA. Food supplements must also comply with certain laws and regulations administered by the FSA.
CTA UK is now engaged in a continuous dialogue with both the MHRA and FSA. Regular meetings are held to consider new suppliers and products entering the market to ensure they comply with the law, regulations and CTA UK standards.
When supplied by a CTA UK member, consumers can be certain that the product they are buying is 100% legal and is accurately labelled and described. CBD is not a 'controlled drug'. It does not appear in any of the classifications or schedules to the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.
There is widespread misunderstanding about the 0.2% THC limit in industrial hemp. This is the limit in the growing plant and is not relevant to CBD products. Clearly what may be under 0.2% in the growing plant would be far higher in an extract which is, by definition, concentrated. The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 make it clear that any product derived from low-THC cannabis grown legally under licence as industrial hemp is "exempt" provided it contains "not more than one milligram" of THC or CBN. This is the limit that matters. See The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 'Interpretation' 2-(1) (a)(b)(c)
Contrary to suggestions that the market is "in chaos", "half-legal", "a bit of a mess" and other spurious claims, in fact, it is a model of self-regulation where the industry itself has put aside its competitive instincts to co-operate for the benefit of consumers and in its own long term self-interest.
No suppliers will be admitted to membership of CTAUK unless they cease making medicinal claims, stop selling illegal products (for instance with high levels of THC, described as 'indica' or intended for pets or veterinary purposes). Indeed, any suppliers that continue such conduct are likely to be subject to enforcement action by the MHRA and Trading Standards.
There are further changes or clarifications in the law relating to some CBD products which have emerged in the last few weeks. These arise out of regulations from the FSA. Isolates or pure CBD are now no longer permitted as they have been classified as 'novel foods'. This could mean a prison sentence of up to two years for anyone selling them.
It's a myth, although regularly reported in the press, that there has been any change in the law or that CBD has been made legal or classified as a medicine. CBD products can already be prescribed by doctors without any restriction, just as any other food supplement. When the inevitable cannabis law reform takes place it will still be unlawful to make medicinal claims about any CBD or cannabis product without a marketing authorisation from the MHRA.
Within the next few months, the first CBD medicine will receive a marketing authorisation from the MHRA. Epidiolex, a whole plant extract, refined to deliver 98% CBD, is GW Pharmaceuticals' second cannabis-derived prescription medicine which is intended for severe forms of paediatric epilepsy. It is not derived from industrial hemp but from high CBD strains of cannabis grown specifically for the purpose. It should be noted that this is to be administered in massive doses of up to 20 mg per day per kg of body weight, CBD as a food supplement for adults has a maximum recommended dose of 200mg per day.
The CBD food supplement market will continue to grow. Other medicines may be authorised in the near future, most likely under the MHRA's Traditional Herbal Registration scheme, which will permit them to be described as medicines for minor ailments not requiring the supervision of a doctor.
Clearly, it remains urgent that our government gets to grips with the reality of the need and benefits of cannabis for medical use in the wider sense. However, even as we begin to make progress the CBD market in its present form will continue to fulfil an important need for many years to come.
cannabidiol, cannabis, Cannabis Trades Association UK, CBD, CTA UK, EFSA, Epidiolex, European Food Safety Agency, Food Standards Agency, food supplement, FSA, GW Pharmaceuticals, Home Office, Home Secretary, industrial hemp, medical benefits, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, MHRA, Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001, Trading Standards


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College Football Playoff rankings: Iowa State rises to seventh; OU stays No. 11
By Erick Smith
Published: Tue, December 8, 2020 6:30 PM
Jan 12, 2020; New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; The National Championship trophy seen before the head coaches press conference for the CFP with LSU Tigers head coach Ed Orgeron and Clemson Tigers head coach Dabo Swinney at the Sheraton New Orleans, Grand Ballroom. Mandatory Credit: John David Mercer-USA TODAY Sports
There again was no drama at the top of the College Football Playoff rankings release. The third of the weekly unveilings Tuesday had the same seven teams leading.
Alabama occupies the No. 1 position after an impressive performance at LSU. The Crimson Tide secured their spot in the SEC championship game with the victory ahead of their regular-season finale against Arkansas.
Notre Dame and Clemson, which will meet in the ACC championship game Dec. 19, are second and third. The Irish beat the Tigers in their overtime classic Nov. 7, but may have to do it again to secure their place in the field.
Ohio State rounds out the top four. The Buckeyes were scheduled to play Michigan in their sixth game of the season, but the game was canceled due to the COVID-19 concerns with the Wolverines. Ohio State will not meet the criteria for participation in the Big Ten championship game unless it can play another league opponent this week. The conference said it is evaluating the next steps.
Texas A&M and Florida remain fifth and sixth with the Aggies hoping for help next weekend, while the Gators will be looking to win their way in with a defeat of Alabama in the SEC title game.
Iowa State, the highest team from the Big 12, checks in at No. 7.
Cincinnati is No. 8 and leads the Group of Five schools in contention for the New Year's Six spot given to the group. The Bearcats had their game Saturday against No. 24 Tulsa called off. They're still set to play the Golden Hurricane in the American Athletic championship game the following week.
Georgia and Miami (Florida) complete the top 10. Oklahoma is 11th.
Article: OU football: How Sooners' secondary depth went from 'alarming' to 'much improved' in Alex Grinch's second season
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Coastal Carolina is the notable riser in the second 10 after its memorable upset of Brigham Young. The Chanticleers jumped five spots to No. 13 and could still get into the mix for the New Year's Six as the highest-rated Group of Five champion or possibly as an at-large team. Coastal still has the Sun Belt championship game Dec. 19 against No. 19 Louisiana-Lafayette to bolster its case.
The Cougars dropped five places to No. 18 and likely saw their major bowl hopes end with one game remaining against San Diego State.
The top four teams in the final rankings released Dec. 20 will play in the semifinals. Those games will take place at the Rose Bowl and Sugar Bowl on Jan. 1. The championship game will be played on Jan. 11 in Miami Gardens, Florida.
College Football Playoff committee Top 25
1. Alabama (9-0)
2. Notre Dame (10-0)
3. Clemson (9-1)
4. Ohio State (5-0)
5. Texas A&M (7-1)
6. Florida (8-1)
7. Iowa State (8-2)
8. Cincinnati (8-0)
9. Georgia (6-2)
10. Miami (Florida) (8-1)
11. Oklahoma (7-2)
12. Indiana (6-1)
13. Coastal Carolina (10-0)
14. Northwestern (5-1)
15. Southern California (4-0)
16. Iowa (5-2)
17. North Carolina (7-3)
18. Brigham Young (9-1)
19. Louisiana-Lafayette (9-1)
20. Texas (6-3)
21. Colorado (4-0)
22. Oklahoma State (6-3)
23. North Carolina State (8-3)
24. Tulsa (6-1)
25. Missouri (5-3)
CommentsCollege Football Playoff rankings: Iowa State rises to seventh; OU stays No. 11


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2019-03-19 2019-03-19 Expert witnesses are becoming increasingly valuable in areas of litigation you might not have expected. Best Lawyers
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The Growing Need for Expert Witnesses Across All Kinds of Litigation
More lawsuits mean more opportunities for expert witnesses in all industries and specialties.
Erin Quinn-Kong / Best Lawyers March 19, 2019 10:55 AM
According to data from the United States Courts, there were more than 350,000 filings for civil and criminal cases in 2018—and that number is slightly down from the year before. With such a massive number of lawsuits in this country (nearly 1,000 each day), it's no surprise that expert witnesses are in high demand.
"It's hard to imagine litigating a case that is anything but the most routine without a de facto expert," says Jay Levine, a partner at the law firm Porter Wright Morris & Arthur LLP in Washington, D.C., where he is co-chair of the firm's Antitrust Practice Group. "Lawyer arguments are not evidence. Expert witnesses can analyze the case and state their opinion."
Levine, whose nearly 30-year litigation experience has covered a variety of industries, including agriculture, health care, pharmaceuticals, and consumer products, says he has noticed there is a greater need for expert witnesses now than even 10 or 15 years ago. "There's more technology, and people are becoming more specialized in their careers," he says. "You can find a brain surgeon who only operates on the left temporal lobe if you need to."
Expert witnesses come from all industries and specialties, from super-niche to more common pursuits. Whether you're litigating a case on pharmaceuticals, medical malpractice, patent infringement, securities fraud, or anything in between, an expert witness can play a crucial role in breaking down the ins and outs of the complicated industry for the jury. "You're asking six to 12 people who don't know anything about an industry to decide the fate of your company," Levine points out. "It's an important job, so the right credentials and right demeanor are critical."
Richard Kaletsky, a self-employed safety consultant, has testified as an expert witness about 65 times in court, by deposition, and at arbitration. Prior to becoming an expert witness, he worked with the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for 20 years and was the safety director for a factory before that. His areas of expertise include safety hazards encountered in the workplace, machine safeguarding, and emergency egress.
Kaletsky cites a variety of reasons for someone with expertise to become an expert witness. "When I present a case, I present proper facts and try to connect things," he says.
Like all expert witnesses, Kaletsky first has to go through a large amount of case evidence, which can include everything from police reports, to OSHA citations, to photos and surveillance videos, to witness statements. From there, he writes up his expert report. While some expert witnesses turn in reports upwards of 200 pages long, Kaletsky prefers to keep his short. "Mine are very tight," he says. "I try to knock out any ambiguity, narrow it down, not open any doors."
Kaletsky has one rule he always abides by: never oversell. From not working on industries he doesn't specialize in, to acknowledging on the witness stand when he doesn't have all the answers, he is always honest and frank. That rule has served him well: The biggest case Kaletsky worked on resulted in a $3.6 million settlement.
For litigators like Levine, likeability is also a key factor for expert witnesses. "You need the credentials to wow the jury, but they also have to like you," he says. "Given how much is at stake, you want to find the right people. Expert witnesses are like your clean-up hitter. They are trying to wrap up the story and apply their analysis."
Kaletsky agrees. "An expert witness has to paint a picture for the jury," he says. "But it can't be done just using technical words; the jury has to understand you. You're not painting a Picasso, it's more like a Norman Rockwell."
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Whether you prefer the baseball or art analogy, top-notch expert witnesses are a key component to any case. Finding the perfect one, who is both an expert in the appropriate area and has that likeability factor, takes a lot of time and effort. But the payoff is worth it.
Erin Quinn-Kong writes for GLG, a platform that connects lawyers with expert witnesses. She's the former editor-in-chief of Austin Monthly and was an editor at Allure and Us Weekly. Erin has written for a number of publications, including The Alcade, OpenTable.com, and Woman's Day.
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Why Portland's Hotel (And Dining) Scene Is Hotter Than Ever
Katie Chang Contributor
You'd be hard-pressed to find better fried chicken in Portland than at Doug Adams' Bullard.
No longer drab places for lonely business travelers, flabby club sandwiches, and watered-down martinis, hotel restaurants, in the past few years, have transformed into bonafide dining destinations. And Portland, Oregon, in particular, has experienced a recent uptick in sleek properties with equally hip restaurants to match. Here, three newly-opened spots where the scene is buzzy, the food and drink spot on, and a dreamy night's sleep just steps away.
At Bullard in the Woodlark Hotel, Doug Adams references his Texan upbringing in his cooking.
Jeremy Fenske
Bullard at The Woodlark Hotel
Given Doug Adams' culinary cred – he helped revive two beloved Portland spots, Imperial and the recently-shuttered Woodsman Tavern, and was a Top Chef finalist – he could have let his accomplishments mess with his head. Instead, he's remained a dependable, genuine, and thoroughly warm human. To wit: when we first met, I was eating at the bar with a pal. Adams casually approached us, asking, "How is everything?" I answered frankly: "F**king awesome." (I didn't know who he was. He didn't know who I was. It wouldn't have changed my answer.) We hit it off, and though I'm woefully late to the game – I'm a full-on fan. Adams references his Texan upbringing for the food, and lets his love of smoke take center stage: in the elk shoulder, pork belly, and even the fried chicken. Available only for Sunday supper, the pitch-perfect bird has quickly become the buzz of the town. The crust is craggy, golden brown, and well-seasoned, and clings to the meat so every bite delivers a sublime, unforgettable crunch.
Rosa Rosa by James Beard Award-winning chef Vitaly Paley features two distinct dining areas.
Carly Diaz
Rosa Rosa at The Dossier Hotel
James Beard Award-winning chef Vitaly Paley continues to expand his Portland mini-empire with Rosa Rosa, which is really two notable spots rolled into one. The menu in the front room is an eclectic mix of Italian classics and lesser-known dishes from Eastern Europe. The recipe for the popular Chicken Chkmeruli, for example, is from Hotel Zuzumbo in Telavi, Georgia. During a recent trip, Paley fell in love with the pressed poultry finished in a velvety sauce of sour cream, garlic, and blue Fenugreek so much, he insisted on the kitchen teaching him how to make it in on the spot. Meanwhile, Rosa Rosa's back room turns out tried-and-true Italian cuisine (like minestrone soup, spaghetti carbonara, and chicken scarpariello) in an elegant, warmly-lit space, and evokes all the nostalgia of the red sauce, white tablecloth restaurants so many of us grew up with and loved.
La Neta enlists a more relaxed, hyper-local approach to Mexican cuisine.
The Hoxton, Portland
La Neta at The Hoxton, Portland
You've never had Mexican like this. But that should come as no surprise, since this is the latest project by Submarine Hospitality: the visionary team also behind Portland mainstays Ava Gene's and Tusk. As with their other eateries, they prefer to take a more relaxed, less by-the-books approach to ethnic cuisine. And in true Portland fashion, many items are locally sourced (like cheese from Don Froylan Creamery and beans from Ayers Creek Farm beans) or made in-house (tortillas and salsas). Daily brunch is a fairly streamlined, but satisfying affair of guacamole toast, tortas, and traditional pan dulces (the orange and vanilla concha's a must), while at dinner, chef Johnny Leach (of the short-lived, but well-received Chalino) takes gutsier spins on Mexican food with positively pretty plating and delicate, but nuanced flavors – proving that not everything needs to be smothered with cheese, salt, and spice.
Katie Chang


Why will #sales people/business owners pay monthly for fancy HTML email services, but don't see value in the actually copywriting, the content in the email. (They don't want to invest in learning how or think the words should just be given to them. How many times have you seen this asked, "What are you sending out to your buyer leads?"
Seriously, who decided Ben Affleck would make a good Batman? This one really chaps my hide.
Why do people get more focused on my spelling errors and grammar versus on learning how to sell to their market. Great you can spell, but I can sell. I'll stick with my skill.
Why do people get caught up in Facebook comment debates or blogging comment debates.... "Now that I've read your insightful comment in this Facebook thread, I've completely changed my perspective," said NO ONE EVER.
How did JJ Abrams get both the Star Trek and Star Wars reboot... You know he was the writer/creator of the TV show Felicity?
People who say that Facebook, Twitter, Etc are just tools... I don'tremember all this training and conferences being created about how to use "Fax" machines or Copiers.
Why business owners/sales people are spending money to collect facebook likes, but don't even have an email strategy in place.
Anyways... those are just a few of things I don't get.
I could keep going, but I better not.
I got work to do and so do you.
Nothing to sell you today, I just want you to think about this list.
Nothing wrong with taking some time to reflect and THINK. Seriously, people just don't do enough or maybe any of it nowadays.


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SA budget: Schools to benefit from $500m spend on facilities
By Angelique Donnellan, Nick Harmsen, Sarah Scopelianos
Posted July 07, 2016 15:29:12
Photo: Labor's Peter Malinauskas, Treasurer Tom Koutsantonis and Chris Picton with staffer Lucy Hood with the Back in Black budget sign. (Twitter: Tom Koutsantonis)
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Map: SA
A $500 million commitment to upgrade and build new school facilities across South Australia is the centrepiece of this year's state budget.
SA Treasurer delivers a $258 million surplus
Public school upgrades would start by the end of the year
Public sector workers to have wage growth limited to 1.5 per cent a year
The investment, which Treasurer Tom Koutsantonis likened to "God's work", aims to create jobs in a state struggling with the highest unemployment in the nation.
Half of the money would be spent on science, technology, engineering and maths facilities in 139 public schools in Adelaide and country areas.
That includes 77 primary schools, 44 high schools and 18 reception to Year 12 schools.
The other $250 million would be offered to private schools as loans for them to upgrade facilities, allowing the schools to borrow at the same rate as the Government.
Mr Koutsantonis said the public school upgrades would start by the end of the year and ramp up next year, boosting jobs for local businesses and tradies.
He said the focus on science and maths would be important for young people who would be the next generation of workers.
"Our growing defence industry is expected to generate thousands of jobs, with the Offshore Patrol Vessels program, Future Frigates and submarine project providing decades of work between them," he said.
"As South Australia transforms, so should our skill set and that starts in schools," Mr Koutsantonis said.
But schooling is about to get expensive for 457 visa holders, who will now be charged to send their children to a South Australian public school.
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Video: Nick Harmsen reports schools and businesses are SA budget winners (ABC News)
From 2017, new visa holders would be charged a fee of $5,100 for primary students and $6,100 for high school students.
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Small business focus to create jobs in struggling market
Key announcements of the 2016 SA budget
Business welcomes job grants but public sector angry about pay rise cap
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Police 'finding it tougher to recruit' as pledge for more officers delayed
SA budget analysis: Moving heaven and hell to save state from jobs crisis
The budget is back in the black delivering a $258 million surplus for the first time in seven years, but that amount is almost $100 million lower than promised.
South Australia's economic growth rate continues to lag behind the nation, with an estimated growth rate of 1.5 per cent last financial year.
The budget forecasts state growth to accelerate to 2 per cent in 2016-17, half a percentage point behind the national GDP.
The employment outlook remains grim ahead of the car industry's closure, with jobs growth of 0.5 per cent in 2015-16 expected to grow to just 0.75 per cent in 2016-17.
That is in spite of the budget's job-creation measures.
Public sector wages restricted to create savings
Public sector workers are not immune from the Treasurer's tough economic discipline.
Mr Koutsantonis wants to limit wage growth by restricting pay rises to 1.5 per cent per year.
The move would save $357 million over four years.
The Government said it was essential wage increases in the public sector were responsible and sustainable.
Any increases above 1.5 per cent would need to be offset by productivity improvements or other cost reduction measures.
Mr Koutsantonis said the Government had chosen to restrict wages rather than cut jobs.
"Now is not the time with our unemployment rate to be letting public servants go," he said.
"What we're asking our public servants to do though in exchange for having these large-scale job losses, what we do want is responsible EB [enterprise bargaining] negotiations [so] that we can live within our means.
"I think many South Australians who are sitting at home think to themselves, 'well in the private sector we're not getting two to three times inflation why should public servants?' I think a lot of public servants would agree with that."
Lands office to be outsourced
Expectations that key functions of the Lands Services and Lands Titles Office would be outsourced have been confirmed in the budget.
Mr Koutsantonis said the private sector would be given the right to utilise data related to property transactions and valuations.
An outsourcing contract would span 40 years.
He said the information was extremely valuable to the property sector and was expected to generate strong interest from potential purchasers.
"The private sector is very well equipped to deliver lands title registry functions like the processing of mortgages and other documents and to provide valuation services," he said.
"People buying and selling property who use the Lands Services will notice little difference once the transaction has occurred," he said.
The Treasurer said it would also consider the private sector to provide loans to HomeStart customers rather than the Government.
Photo: ABC political journalist Nick Harmsen with South Australian Premier Jay Weatherill and Treasurer Tom Koutsantonis during the budget lock-up in Adelaide. (ABC News: Sarah Scopelianos)
Topics: states-and-territories, budget, government-and-politics, sa
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