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Deep Dive: Jonesboro Green Tech Bond
Oct 13, 2017 Thinking On...
The first of a series of retrospective deep dives into a broad selection of Heron's early fixed income impact investments, featuring the financing of a wind turbine factory in Jonesboro, Arkansas.
In 1996, Heron first made the commitment to begin using our investment portfolio (and not only our grant dollars) to serve our mission. Some of our earliest impact investments were in our fixed income portfolio, in partnership with Community Capital Management (CCM), where Barbara VanScoy was our portfolio manager. She partnered closely with Heron to find fixed income investments that met our financial needs while also seeking out a positive social impact.
The impact investing market has come a long way since then, and it's important to learn from where we've been. We asked Barbara, now principal at Alpha Impact Advisors, to do a series of retrospective deep dives into a broad selection of those early fixed income investments and help us learn from those experiences. Her work provides an opportunity to explore ways to seek better impact through our future fixed income investments.
In part, this process has been an opportunity to view these past investments through a "net contribution" lens, which invites us to explore impacts across all involved stakeholders. This lens was in its early stages of development at the time these deep dives were written, and Barbara's work helps us to elucidate several areas of further exploration.
We invite you to learn with us.
[Download the PDF here.]
Issue Date: October 27, 2010 Maturity Date: October 1, 2018
Bond Coupon: 3.375% Rating: A (S&P)
CUSIP: 480258AH5 Heron investment: $200,000
Heron invested in a municipal bond intended to build a wind turbine factory for the Nordex Group. In partnership with the local college/university, Nordex planned to train and employ several hundred local workers in advanced manufacturing techniques for this up-and-coming green technology. The factory launched but ran only for a short time before it failed. It was replaced by a rail manufacturer attracted by the infrastructure improvements that had been created for Nordex, resulting in a net job increase.
The bond was fully repaid by Nordex, but the local labor force paid the externalized costs in the form of turmoil in the local job market. The local college opted to continue the mechatronics training program even after Nordex's departure, but there aren't immediate local jobs for those skills.
Overall Performance
Heron's net contribution lens organizes an enterprise's performance into four areas: human capital (including effects on employees), natural capital (including environmental inputs and outputs), civic capital (including impacts related to taxation, regulation, and local communities), and financial capital (including financial performance).
In three of these areas there was a net positive effect: Financially, the bonds were repaid in full and with interest. Civic capital saw infrastructure and educational improvements. Regarding natural capital, a "green" product was made and an old factory revitalized in an environmentally friendly way. However, the human capital effects are negative overall, with a lot of short-lived jobs creating turmoil in the job market, and ultimately no job market for those receiving the new training.
ASSET OWNER CONTEXT FROM HERON
Heron's mission has long been to help people and communities help themselves out of poverty. At the time of this investment, our strategy was based on asset-building in low-income communities. Therefore, we had CCM look for community development investments (including homeownership and down payment assistance, small business loans, enterprise development activities, and comprehensive community development projects).
In that context, Jonesboro's profile of having lower income and higher unemployment than the national averages, along with a growing population and an educated population, made it a good fit for a community that was poised to help itself out of poverty by investing in a new, high-tech industry anticipating growth due to the long-term shift toward sustainable energy sources.
As we look through older vintage investments such as the Jonesboro bond through the much more recently-developed lens of net contribution, we find ourselves with a number of questions, including the following:
Priorities and weighting: It's clear that there were a variety of impacts, both positive and negative. How do we think about evaluating those impacts and weighting them appropriately against one another? For example, is the fact that Nordex provided four years' worth of good jobs of greater positive value than the negative impact of those jobs eventually being lost — along with the turmoil elsewhere in the supply chain (as in the opening and then closing of the Beckmann Volmer supplier plant in nearby Osceola)?
Time scale and final outcomes: How do we think about Trinity Rail, the ultimate buyer of the facility, provider of jobs, and beneficiary of infrastructure investment — and which has disappointing social performance scores according to CSR Hub? Do we include evaluation of Trinity Rail, even though they were unrelated to the original bond or the intentions for it?
Scope of evaluation and zone of control: The net contribution approach was developed with evaluating single enterprises in mind. Government bonds, however, commonly have one entity (or group) issuing the bond, and another carrying out the relevant project. Which enterprise or enterprises are the most appropriate to evaluate?
Tax credits and other governmental incentives: Tax credits on both local and national levels played a powerful role in both Nordex's coming to Jonesboro and its departure. How do we consider the nuances and application of tax credits and incentives, and include their impact in evaluating the outcomes and net effects of our investments?
Bond Details
In October of 2010, the Heron Foundation invested in a bond issue that fostered the site preparation and construction of a wind turbine assembly plant in Jonesboro, Arkansas. The City of Jonesboro issued the bonds to finance the purchase of 187 acres of land, and to build and equip a wind turbine manufacturing facility to be leased by Nordex USA, a leading global manufacturer of wind turbines. To finance the costs of acquiring land, the City of Jonesboro issued special obligation bonds, which they intended to pay back using income from Nordex's lease payments [PDF] on the facility.
The bonds were issued in two series, the 2010 Series A bonds ($11,000,000 taxable issue) and 2010 Series B bonds ($9,000,000 tax-exempt issue). (As private foundations are already tax-exempt, Heron could not benefit from the tax exemption of the Series B bonds. Tax-exempt bonds tend to have lower returns than their taxable counterparts, so Heron invested only in the Series A taxable bonds.) The $11 million principal and interest on the 2010 Series A taxable bonds (only) were guaranteed by Arkansas Development Finance Authority (ADFA), who guaranteed $6 million, and the Arkansas Economic Development Commission (AEDC) who guaranteed $5 million. This ensured that both principal and interest would be repaid even if the lease payments approach failed, which made them a very secure investment while still providing returns that were in line with comparable market-rate securities.
On June 5, 2014, the Jonesboro 2010 Series A Bonds were defeased and were fully redeemed on October 1, 2015. The 2010 Series B Tax-Exempt Recovery Zone Facility Revenue Bonds were also redeemed in full on October 1, 2015. The Bonds were redeemed prior to maturity due to the closing of the Nordex wind turbine plant.
The Bond Story
Intentions & Expectations
2008 [October] City & state officials offer incentives that help persuade Nordex USA to locate their first United States–based wind turbine plant in Jonesboro, Arkansas.
2009 [July] Nordex begins construction of the plant.[September] Nordex has 54 employees, ~80% locals, including the first production crew.
2010 [October] City of Jonesboro issues $11mm Taxable Economic Development Revenue Bonds
2010 Series A & $9mmTax-Exempt Recovery Zone Facility Revenue Bond
[October] Nordex USA celebrates factory opening & begins producing nacelles.
2011-12 Nordex supplies and services wind turbines for projects around the United States.
2013 [June] Nordex USA announces that it is closing its turbine factory after fulfilling existing orders because of excess competition and cuts in government tax benefits.
[Fall] ~40 employees in Jonesboro and at offices in Chicago are laid off.
2014 [June] The City of Jonesboro terminates lease and transfers ownership to Nordex.
TrinityRail purchases the factory to manufacture railcars.
2015 [October] The Jonesboro bonds are fully repaid.
At the time of this investment, Heron's bond mandate included a heavy emphasis on enterprise development, with the intention of creating jobs that would be accessible to low-income people and help provide a pathway out of poverty. The Nordex plant at Jonesboro fit the bill by providing manufacturing jobs along with advanced training. As a bonus, these jobs were in a renewable energy technology—a growing field, in which this training would prove valuable to workers, and one producing energy with less environmental harm than existing providers using non-renewable resources.
The Nordex USA is an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) that intended to use the Jonesboro facility to focus on its large-scale turbine family. In the United States, each of these utility-scale turbines is capable of generating enough renewable energy to power about 700 homes.
Nordex planned to directly employ approximately 700 skilled workers and other staff by 2014 at an average wage of $17 per hour. Because turbine manufacturing and assembly require specialized skills, Nordex planned to train their workforce through a 10,000 square foot on-site training academy, developing a partnership with Arkansas State University to teach "mechatronic" skills, which combine mechanical and electrical engineering know-how specific to wind turbine manufacturing. The plant was also committed to making its supply chain 80 percent domestic within a year of opening.
Both the City of Jonesboro and the State of Arkansas offered Nordex incentives to locate and build the manufacturing facility within a local technology park. Arkansas Economic Development Commission offered $8 million in economic incentives from the Governor's Quick Action Closing Fund to attract Nordex to the State, including $6 million allocated to Nordex for training and site preparation. The State cited renewable energy for targeted business recruitment under a 2009 strategic plan for economic development. By 2010, Arkansas already was entrenched in the wind industry, employing up to 2,000 direct and indirect jobs, and the State of Arkansas and the region were excited about positioning themselves well in the renewable energy manufacturing industry. In addition, under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (the stimulus), Nordex received a tax credit of $22.2 million.
In part to supply the Nordex plant with steel parts, Germany-based Beckmann Volmer North America LP opened a $12 million factory in nearby Osceola with the goal of hiring approximately 300 people at an average wage of $18 per hour. Beckmann Volmer had preliminary plans to invest an additional $7.5 million in the plant that could create another 200 jobs. The State of Arkansas offered Beckmann Volmer about $4 million in incentives, including New Markets Tax Credits.
Construction of the facility included the nacelle assembly plant and a rotor blade manufacturing facility. Nacelles house the engine and other key turbine components and sit high atop a wind turbine tower. The nacelle plant had 115,000 square feet of production space, 10,000 square feet for a training academy and 35,000 square feet of office space. The Nordex plant used geothermal energy for heating and cooling.
As of September 2009, Nordex had hired 54 employees, about 80 percent locals. This included the first production crew and they began production. Job functions ranged from production assembly, process engineering, supply chain management, facilities management, training, quality assurance, safety, administration, and management. Nordex planned to grow its ranks to nearly 70 in Jonesboro and 175 nationally by the end of 2010,[1] with the potential to create a total of 700 jobs in Jonesboro and 1,000 nationally over the next four years, not including indirect jobs created by suppliers and service providers. As a result of this project, Jonesboro and the surrounding region anticipated numerous parts and components suppliers to Nordex to locate in the area.
Outputs & Outcomes
In June of 2013, Nordex announced that it would stop production at the Jonesboro plant once existing orders had been fulfilled, citing "the wind industry's global overcapacity and … weakened demand from the US market, brought on by the unpredictable extensions of the Production Tax Credit (PTC)." Their plans at the time included supplying future nacelle orders out of their German production facility, while maintaining U.S.-based service and repair. The training academy, the central parts storage, and the repair facility in Jonesboro initially remained in operation to support service and operations in the Americas, but ultimately closed with the sale of the plant. Nordex had employed as many as 186 people when it was running the facility.
In June 2014, the City of Jonesboro agreed to terminate their lease agreement with Nordex and transfer ownership of the facility to Nordex (for a nominal price of $10), and Nordex agreed to retire the outstanding bond issue. (It appears that, because of how the deal was structured, Nordex had to take over the facility in order for the lease to be terminated.)
After the Nordex plant closed and the lease was terminated, the bonds were redeemed in full at par (the amount of principal of a security that must be paid at maturity). There was no principal loss to investors, only a premature, unexpected call. Bonds were never downgraded nor put on credit watch.
Nordex repaid almost $2.5 million from incentives it received for locating its manufacturing facility in Jonesboro, including $2.31 million from the State of Arkansas and $204,814 from the City of Jonesboro. Also, Nordex returned $263,000 in tax rebates for failing to create jobs.
Even with the incentives received, Nordex had spent millions upgrading the plant and making lease payments (according to their October 2010 press release, the plant represented a $40 million investment by Nordex). Nordex repaid both of the bonds in full, and the guarantees by ADFA and AEDC did not have to be invoked. And Nordex paid back a variety of incentives, even though there were no clawback provisions requiring that they do so. It appears that, by allowing Nordex to take over ownership of the facility and re-sell it to the next buyer, the City of Jonesboro was able to hand over the responsibility for attracting a new employer to the region, and allow Nordex to recoup some of their losses. This presumably played a role in Nordex's decision to repay incentives.
Nordex sold the closed plant to Trinity Industries, a Dallas-based firm, to be re-opened as a railcar manufacturer. The company's subsidiary, TrinityRail Maintenance Services Inc., provides railcar maintenance and services. The Arkansas Economic Development Commission provided $2 million to TrinityRail to locate in the former wind turbine plant. Trinity planned to spend $35 million to outfit and expand the facility. TrinityRail said the jobs will pay about $18 per hour and that it initially planned to hire between 75 and 100 people, with estimates of hiring up to 350 workers.
The plant Nordex had upgraded and the improved roads & infrastructure helped attract another employer, as both Nordex and TrinityRail needed roads that could handle the size and weight of major manufacturing equipment and their very large products.
In response to the loss of Nordex, Beckmann Volmer, a direct supplier to Nordex, closed their manufacturing plant in 2014 and went bankrupt. In early 2015, the Osceola City Council agreed to sell the Beckmann Volmer plant to the German steel company, SMS. SMS planned to hire approximately 50 employees, primarily blue collar positions such as mechanics, welders, assembly line workers, and engineers.
Rationale at the Time of Investment
Heron had asked for a fixed income portfolio similar to the Barclays Aggregate Bond Index with respect to credit quality, duration, and financial performance.
The financial decision to invest in the Jonesboro-Nordex issue was based on the strong fundamental credit profile, the A rating, and the duration of the bond. While Jonesboro issued the bond, the Arkansas Development Finance Authority (ADFA) and the Arkansas Economic Development Commission (AEDC) acted as guarantors, ensuring principal and interest repayment, which provided an additional level of security. As the bonds were rated A, Heron's portfolio added additional yield relative to AAA securities. The bond had an eight-year maturity and duration was in line with comparable market-rate securities.
Additionally, the benchmark typically has 25-35 percent in corporate bonds. As a credit and yield substitute, we used taxable municipal bonds to get community development impact. Since the Jonesboro bond was a taxable municipal security, it helped Heron maintain an appropriate allocation to this sector of their bond portfolio.
From a social perspective, this bond was an easy decision for the portfolio. It fulfilled several of Heron's mission-aligned goals, including enterprise development, job training, job creation, and environmental sustainability.
Opportunity Cost—If not this bond, what other options were available?
To match duration, only two sectors were available at the time: taxable municipal bonds and Small Business Administration Participation certificates (SBAPs). SBAPs provided a lower yield and an indefinite use of community development proceeds, which made them less attractive from both a financial and a mission standpoint. Other taxable municipal issue opportunities included single-family housing and downtown urban revitalization, both of which were already represented in the portfolio.
High credit quality taxable municipal bonds that finance enterprise development, especially in economically impoverished regions, however, are scarce. The Jonesboro issue offered Heron a unique opportunity to foster economic development through renewable technology. Ultimately, the credit profile, the duration, and the community development story associated with the bond were superior relative to other options for the portfolio.
Did the Bond Produce a Net Contribution to Society?
Human Capital – Net Loss
Job creation & volatility: The arrival and departure of Nordex and arrival of TrinityRail did add jobs to the region on net. However, it was not as many jobs as hoped, and there was a lot of employment instability caused by the creation, loss and re-creation of jobs.
Training supply without job demand: Although the local university will continue to offer training in mechatronics, there is no longer a partnership with Nordex or other local providers to offer jobs to those receiving that training. Those skilled workers may need to go elsewhere to get jobs that make use of their skills.
Collateral job creation & volatility: The creation and then loss of supply chain jobs at Beckmann Volmer also represents additional turmoil in the job market for local workers. In addition, in their capacity overseeing construction of the facility, Nordex hired the construction firm, H&M Company, Inc. of Jackson, Tennessee, which dedicated between 250 and 300 workers for construction.
Natural Capital – Net Gain
Energy source: The Nordex plant itself was constructed to use geothermal energy, a more environmentally friendly option.
Product: During the time it was open, Nordex constructed wind turbines, thereby helping customers access more environmentally friendly energy.
Product/factory use: The closed plant was bought by TrinityRail Maintenance. Given that rail transport is on average 3-10 times less CO2 intensive than road or air transport, this also represents a more environmentally-friendly product line than competing product types. In addition, if the shuttered factory could be considered a "waste product" of the Nordex experiment, making use of the factory itself is a form of recycling or closing the loop.
Civic Capital – Net Gain
Return of funds: Nordex repaid both the bond funding and some of the other state and local incentives that were used to attract them to Jonesboro. The exact figures of what Nordex contributed to or extracted from the local economy (including e.g. wages paid to and income taxes paid by their workers) would likely be impossible to calculate exactly, but on the whole it appears that Nordex did not prove to be a tax burden on state and local residents—and in fact, given that their incentive repayments were voluntary, it seems they made good-faith efforts to be a good corporate citizen.
Infrastructure improvements: The bond resulted in creating built infrastructure that was capable of accommodating the size and weight of large turbines, which attracted a replacement employer.
Educational opportunity: Local university responded by adding curricula focused on advanced manufacturing, which they will continue to offer for the benefit of future students.
Financial Capital – Net Gain
Financial performance: Bond holders were repaid in full and received the accumulated interest for their investment up to the date of redemption. While bond holders missed out on the coupon payments that would have occurred from that point to maturity, they did have the opportunity to make new investments and recoup that time value.
Overall: NET CONTRIBUTOR
While the project did not generate the anticipated results, the region did gain more jobs overall. The State and the City invested in the region to improve infrastructure and training to become more attractive to employers seeking to locate in the area.
Portfolio Manager's Retrospective
Would I choose this bond for Heron's portfolio, knowing what I know now? Yes.
I expected the bonds would create high-skilled, well-paying jobs in renewable energy in an impoverished region of the country, with ancillary increases in supply chain employment and educational outputs. The project failed to deliver those anticipated results, but I don't believe the endeavor was a failure. Overall, I believe the positives noted in the net contribution analysis outweigh the negatives—and also outweigh the potential positive contribution of the other investment options that were available at the time.
Adapted from definitions by Investopedia and the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (MSRB).
Defeasance is a provision that voids a bond or loan when the borrower sets aside cash or bonds sufficient enough to service the borrower's debt. This functions as a way to terminate the rights of bondholders of their lien on pledged revenues while ensuring bonds are repaid in full.
Duration is a measurement of how long, in years, it takes for the price of a bond to be repaid by its internal cash flows. Bonds with higher durations carry more risk and have higher price volatility than bonds with lower durations.
Par Value is the 100% face value of a security and determines its maturity value as well as the dollar value of coupon payments. A bond that is trading above par is said to be trading at a premium, while a bond trading below par is regarded as trading at a discount. During periods when interest rates are low or have been trending lower, a larger proportion of bonds will trade above par or at a premium. When interest rates are high, a larger proportion of bonds will trade at a discount.
Special obligation bonds are secured by a limited revenue source or promise to pay, as opposed to a general obligation bond which is payable from general funds of the issuer. Most general obligation bonds are said to entail the full faith and credit (and in many cases the taxing power) of the issuer.
[1] Jobs planned nationally included those at the headquarters of Jonesboro USA in Chicago, IL, and presumably some installation, repair and maintenance on existing and planned installations in Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Maryland and Colorado, as noted in the October 2010 press release announcing the Jonesboro factory.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to use Nuxt auth with a Django server to login with Google I'm using nuxt-auth to handle my session based authentication, it works perfect with local strategy, but it has been a disaster trying to make it work with Google strategy, after solving a lot of issues (redirect_uri, challenge_code, etc), my current problem is that after I choose a Google account it redirects me to the defined redirect_uri and there nothing happens, nuxt auth is not calling the api endpoints to validate the session key.
I've tried with @nuxtjs/auth ^4.9.1 and @nuxtjs/auth-next but none of then work.
The local strategy just calls the API method and it returns a Set-Cookie header which is applied correctly, but as I told before, the call to the API is not being done by Google strategy.
Here is my code:
nuxt.config.js
modules: [
  ...,
  //'@nuxtjs/auth'
  '@nuxtjs/auth-next'
],
auth: {
  local: {
    endpoints: {
      login: {
        url: 'auth/login/',
        method: 'post',
        propertyName: false,
        withCredentials: true
      },
      logout: {
        url: 'auth/logout/',
        method: 'post'
      },
      user: {
        url: 'user',
        method: 'get',
        propertyName: false,
        withCredentials: true,
        autoFetch: true
      }
    },
    tokenRequired: false,
    tokenType: false,
  },
  google: {
    clientId: my_client_id,
    redirectUri: isProd ?  "example.org" : "http://localhost:3000",
    codeChallengeMethod: "",
    responseType: "token id_token",
    tokenKey: "id_token",
    endpoints: {
      token: isProd ? "example.org" : "http://localhost:8000/api/auth/google", // Is it correct to use this key?
      userInfo: isProd ? "example.org" : "http://localhost:8000/api/user",
    },
    user: {
      url: 'http://localhost:8000/api/user',
      method: 'get',
      propertyName: false,
      withCredentials: true,
      autoFetch: true
    }
  }

}
In my login component I call it with loginWith('google') and it redirects me to account selection, after that, it redirects me to localhost:3000 and the URL has the params I need, after that it is necessary to call /auth/google and send the id_token param received from google, this is the missing step, nothing happens.
I've done another implementation where I login my users by sending an Authorization header (Authorization: 'Token xxxx'), it works if I try it manually, but I don't know how to make Google add that header to the request.
I don't know if maybe the problem is because I am currently using the token option inside my Google strategy endpoints, but the nuxt-auth documentation is very poor and I've not found another working key.
PD: In my local strategy I use relative paths because I have an Axios instance with a baseURL.
Let me know if you need additional info. Thanks a lot.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Daniel smiled. He'd found her Achilles heel. She was his ticket. Being a great manipulator he always struck the vulnerable at their weakest point. Hers was warmth. Ava was discerning, that was obvious. Still, he was a better actor he was sure of it.
The warmhearted act had won her over, finally. It was a fight, but he was the victor and soon he'd gain entrance into that glorious golden inner circle of the elite he'd ached to be part of since he was a teenager and first understood the have and have not principle.
Daniel was meticulous in groundwork and therefore did his homework. There wasn't much about Ava he hadn't ascertained either through reading about her or through accessing her closest friends. Each eagerly extolled her finer points. All except Vanessa that is. She constantly eyed him as though he was a bug to be crushed.
Little did he know that Ava's friends had her back and while she hadn't asked them to, they'd done some digging of their own. What they'd found disturbed them to such a degree they'd called a "family meeting" and brought her to the office.
"What, it takes 12 of you to tell me?" she asked with a half laugh.
Daniel bounced through the door in eager anticipation. Yes, this was his moment! Ava had never invited her into the inner sanctum before. Progress. He was to find out otherwise very shortly. Broadsided by a bus on steroids. That was how this was going down. Vaness smirked. Poor form, but she couldn't resist. She'd disliked him on sight. She'd saved her best friend from trouble and heartache. Her word alone might not have been enough, but with everyone in attendance, it had been.
She nearly laughed out loud when the swagger turned into a skid and his face registered shock as they stood in unison surrounding Ava. The jig was up. No easy way out now you creep, she thought. Good riddens to bad rubbish!
You know – I enjoyed reading that. It was … yeah, I guess it was kind of heart-warming. 🙂 There are several things that I would do to improve it, including filling it out and making it into a full-on sensory experience, developing it so that images in the scenes have a cinematic quality and delving deeper into the feelings of the characters. I say this because I think the story has potential, not to deride what you have done. There are time, space and word constraints in a short story, and you have done lots within the bounds of this, but I feel that I want more. Thanks for sharing this.
Thanks. Off the top of my head. I can't remember if there a word constraint so I rushed through it, but you're right, it could have been better. Appreciate the input for sure.
I'm doing an Open Uni Creative Writing course at the moment, so every piece of writing I see comes over as something to be criticised. I forget that it's different on blogs and that people post things here for their enjoyment and for that of others rather than in hope of being 'improved' by some dope like me.
I even critique the professionally edited and published books that I read – can you imagine! As if I could improve on them!
Okay, I've no idea how to end this little mini-essay / brain dump now so I guess I'll just let it trail away . . .
Wow, I wonder what it was? Great to have friends who look out for you. Great story in few words.
Sounds intriguing… Almost the plot of a novel????


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I'm not sure at which point having long hair doesn't work, but I plan on rocking it through my thirties and right on into my forties! I simply find it easier to manage than shorter hair. It's not like I haven't tried. I tested short hair in my twenties. It looked like a helmet. Course, wavy/curly hair like mine simply doesn't love short hairstyles. So, long hair it is. And one of my favorite long hair hairstyles is a side braid. It doesn't get any easier than this style, and with the right product, it can look so polished. Nothing beats hair that looks like it took longer to do than it did, am I right? Oh and, on a side note, the side braid is a great way to get one more day out of your blowout. Your hair will still look sleek thanks to the blowout, but you can hide roots that are ready for a wash. Haha!
All you need to get this easy hairstyle is to first add a hair plumping product to your roots. If you don't have at least a little bit of volume around your face, it ages you. That's the same reason I don't braid my hair super tightly. A loose, Elsa like braid is where it's at. For root plumping, I love Davines Naturaltech Replumping Hair Filler Superactive. I simply spritz it all over my damp hair because I like a little volume everywhere, but you can just do your roots if you so desire. This miracle product gives my hair some heft and makes my braid look thicker, fuller and more youthful! That's right, this hairstyle will make you look less hot messy AND younger. Score! Hey, anytime I can kill two birds with one stone I'm all for it. Metaphoricaly speaking of course.
So, there you have it...the side braid. This easy hairstyle for time crunched moms is a busy mama's best friend...seriously! And for more time saving beauty tricks, check out our tip for making your skin glow. It requires just one little product! As you can see, I'm a fan of one hit wonders. I've said this too many times, but I'll say it again. This girl does not have time for a routine that requires a million products...especially on school days!


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Malta nam deel aan het Eurovisiesongfestival 2000 in Stockholm (Zweden). Het was de dertiende deelname van het land op het Eurovisiesongfestival. Public Broadcasting Services (PBS) was verantwoordelijk voor de Maltese bijdrage voor de editie van 2000.

Selectieprocedure
Er werd gekozen om een nationale finale te organiseren en deze vond plaats op 15 februari.
In totaal deden er 16 artiesten mee aan deze finale en de winnaar werd gekozen door een jury van experts.

In Stockholm
In Zweden moest Malta optreden als 7de, net na Roemenië en voor Noorwegen. Op het einde van de puntentelling bleken ze op een achtste plaats te zijn geëindigd met 73 punten.

Nederland en België hadden allebei 1 punt over voor deze inzending.

Gekregen punten

Finale

Punten gegeven door Malta

Finale
Punten gegeven in de finale:

Externe links
 Website van PSB

Land op het Eurovisiesongfestival 2000
2000

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


iCheck inn Regency Sukhumvit is located on Sukhumvit 41, a 5-minute walk from Phrom Phong BTS Skytrain Station, Emporium Mall and Benjasiri Park. It offers guest rooms with kitchenettes and free WiFi.
iCheck inn Regency Sukhumvit is 20 km from Suvarnabhumi International Airport. A supermarket is conveniently located just 200 metres from the hotel.
Rooms at iCheck inn Regency Sukhumvit feature modern Thai décor and a cable/satellite Internet TV. A tea/coffee maker and microwave can be found in all rooms. En suite bathrooms come with a shower and automatic toilet.
For added convenience, the hotel also provides laundry services.
A daily breakfast is served at the hotel's restaurant.
Offers a flat-screen cable Internet TV, a kitchenette and an en suite bathroom.
Rate: THB 1016.73 ... THB 1709.10; select dates below to get current rates.


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Posted inArchive, News
Suspect on house-arrest caught with heroin, cash
by March 6, 2007 February 9, 2021
A 33-year-old Chicago man on house arrest was arrested on drug possession charges after police found the suspect driving with more than $2,000 in cash and several grams of heroin, according to a department report.
Rodney T. Wilson was pulled over at 1:45 p.m. along the 800 block of Harlem Avenue Feb. 27 for a defective brake light. When officers found he did not have insurance, Wilson was searched and an electronic monitoring device was found around his right ankle. According to police, Wilson said he was on his way to meet his probation officer.
During a search of the car police found 13 bags of heroin hidden in the headliner along the ceiling of the interior, according to the report. The drugs had a combined weight of roughly four grams.
Once at the station, Wilson's belongings were inventoried and in his right pocket authorities allegedly found $1,357 in cash. Another $989 was found in the left pocket.
Two federal cases are already pending against Wilson, according to the department report, though the nature of those charges was not made clear. A passenger in the car was released without charges.
Deception by ingestion
A suspected drug user was involved in a struggle with police when officers allegedly watched him swallow an unknown quantity of heroin during a traffic stop.
John D. Pociask, 25, was a passenger in the back seat of a 2005 Chevrolet Impala when police stopped the car for a lane change violation at about 2:20 p.m. on Feb. 23. As authorities approached the car, Pociask was allegedly seen trying to conceal a number of clear capsules containing a white powdery substance in the waistband of his pants, according to a police report.
Sgt. Tim Adams ordered the suspect out of the car, at which time Pociask tried to swallow the drugs. After a brief struggle with two officers, Pociask was handcuffed and three capsules were recovered, according to police.
The heroin recovered from Pociask had a combined weight of .8 grams.
Pociask, a Chicago resident was taken to a nearby hospital to be treated for a possible drug overdose and a fractured left wrist. According to the department report, the suspect informed police that prior to his arrest he had broken his left wrist and removed the cast.
Pociask is facing drug possession charges and two counts of resisting arrest. He was also arrested on an outstanding warrant for probation violation.
Both the driver and another passenger in the car were also arrested on outstanding warrants for retail theft and failure to appear in court.
Bar bet ends in mugging
A dispute over a billiards bet ended in criminal charges late last month when the loser of the game allegedly jumped the victor in an effort to recapture the spoils.
Shortly before 2 a.m. on Feb. 28, police witnessed a skirmish outside of 7422 W. Madison St. The alleged victim ran toward the cruiser complaining that he had just been robbed by his assailant. A foot chase with the suspect, 27-year-old Derek Louis Morse, ended in the back yard of 501 Hannah Ave. where officers found Morse hiding in the bushes, according to a department report.
Both parties in the case told police they had been betting on a pool game earlier that night and that Morse lost about $100 to the alleged victim. According to police, Morse, a Brown Avenue resident, acknowledged that he fought with the victim, but denied ever taking money from him. The alleged victim, however, claimed Morse was wearing a mask and stole $116 from him.
"I had a mask and I used it because I didn't want anybody to see my face as I whooped his (expletive) ass," Morse allegedly told police.
Police reported that they found a knit mask roughly eight feet from where he was hiding in the bushes.
The suspect was charged with robbery and battery.
These items were taken from the records of the Forest Park Police Department between Feb. 24, 2007 and March 2, 2007, and represent only a portion of the incidents to which police responded. Anyone named in this report has only been charged with a crime. The cases have not been adjudicated.
Compiled by Josh Adams


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Ricki Lake Showed off Shaved Head in Pics as She Revealed Decades-Long Hair Loss Struggles
By Gracious Egedegbe
https://news.amomama.com/188659-ricki-lake-shows-off-shaved-head-after-s.html
TV star Ricki Lake bares it all in an emotional Instagram post. The "Hairspray" star opened up on her three-decade-long battle with hair loss.
Ricki let the world in on her "quiet hell" in a new year's day post she shared on Instagram. In the emotional post, she shared a montage of pictures, each showing a unique pose and the last one depicting freedom.
The TV star penned down an epistle about her struggle with hair loss. She started by declaring that she's been liberated. The actress went on to assure her followers that she wasn't ill or going through some mid-life crisis.
Ricki Lake backstage at the "X Factor Celebrity " Final at LH2 Studios on November 30, 2019 in London, England.| Photo: Getty Images
The actress revealed that she had been suffering in silence for 30 years. Lake dropped the real tea when she disclosed that she's been struggling with hair loss for most of her adult life.
The "Hairspray" star explained that the condition put her through a traumatic phase of pain, hurt and embarrassment so much that she contemplated committing suicide. Lake wrote:
"I have been struggling with hair loss for most of my adult life."
The TV star recalled that the condition with her hair started in 1988 right after she starred in the original "Hairspray" movie. The actress who portrayed Tracy Turnblad revealed that her hair never went back to normal after it was triple processed every fortnight during filming.
Lake further added that several other factors from radical weight fluctuations, yo-yo dieting, pregnancy, and working as a talent on various shows amongst others played a part in her hair loss.
The actress seems to be getting an outpouring of love following her reveal
: Ricky Lake attends a screening of "Hairspray" featuring a Q&A with 3 Tracy Turnblads Ricky Lake, Leanne Jones and Lizzie Bea at the BFI Southbank on November 25, 2019 in London, England. |Photo:Getty Images
Lake didn't sit back and watch her hair loss consume her; she frantically looked for solutions. The actress shared that she tried all forms of hair extensions but couldn't get the hang of it.
The TV personality shared that she turned to doctors and took several steroid shots to the head as well as dietary supplements. The medical remedy worked for a short while but ended up with her hair shedding still.
She wrote.
"My hair would recover and then shed again. It was maddening."
The last straw that broke the TV personality happened when her hair started shedding in droves after she went on an extreme diet, losing about 9kg in six weeks. The event gave her awakening and pushed her to face her truth.
In the three-decade-long struggle and despite getting support from family members, Lake describes the journey as lonely because no one truly understood the pain she was going through.
Ricki Lake Opens up about Challenging Period She Spent Grieving for Ex-Husband Christian Evans
Instagram/toyawright
'Family Hustle' Star Toya Wright Chops off Her Hair after Suffering from Postpartum Alopecia
How Barbara Eden Coped with the Loss of Her Only Son
Lake revealed that she hopes her coming out inspires men and women facing the same struggle to embrace their truth. Her post did truly inspire people as men and women suffering the same plight took to the comment section to applaud her.
The actress seems to be getting an outpouring of love following her reveal as a new Instagram post imply. She shared another picture thanking everyone for being supportive.
Prince Harry's Family Ignored His Calls & Said He Was 'Oversensitive' about Remarks on Lilibet's Skin Color
'Full House' Star Jodie Sweetin Gets Engaged a Week after Sudden Death of TV Father Bob Saget
Meet 'NCIS's' Mark Harmon's Kids with Co-star Wife of 34 Years Who Sacrificed Fame to Be a Mom


A Power Breakfast 50+ is a new type of meeting that combines different aspects from business lunches, job fairs, and speed dating sessions into one event.
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possible access to candidates complete information and résumé.
chance to benefit from all these advantages at no cost.
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The internet joined two sisters after 48 years
Watch the touching video of the two sisters in Greece and America, who were joined through the internet after 48 years.
Panagiota Striga from Killini was at the studio of "Tunnel" on Friday, July 1st of 2011. Her goal was to find her sister Marie Hasel with whom she was separated at the age of two. The show found Marie at Nebraska, USA and she contacted via skype with Panagiota who was at "Tunnel". The moments were moving. Panagiota narrated the scene of separation. In the winter of 1963, the 2 year-old Maria wearing a red coat, she was crying and made the long journey: From Kastro of Kyllini to Nebraska in the United States. There he waited for her the American lawyer Richard and his wife Sisel Mor, who would become her new parents. She was the sixth child in a row of the poor family of Dimos and Athina Arvaniti. The brothers had not stopped looking for her and after forty-eight years they stretched the bridge of communication between Greece and America. "Tunnel" found 50 year-old Marie Hasel who was trying to speak "the language of the heart" so as to communicate with the shocked sister.
Εξαφανίστηκε στην Θεσσαλονίκη Κατηγορία: Missing Alert - Αγωνία για μία νέα γυναίκα τα ίχνη της οποίας χάθηκαν ...


A contemporary door that combines a unique design with the practicality of three large clear glazed panes of toughened glass. Equally at home in a modern apartment or a contemporary home the clear glass allows natural light to flow through the home. A matching panelled door completes this range.


Black Politics Matter was in pre-launch during the Personal Democracy Forum 2015 in New York City; and we had a combined, #AskaSista panel with Attorney and Radio Show host, Lizz Brown, MSNBC's Bridget Marie and NLC alum and Media Rep, Lauren Brown. The event was phenomenal and we had an excellent response. Be sure to follow Black Politics Matter on Twitter @BlackPoliticsM.
The above tweet includes a collage of photos by the tweeter, who included a picture of Dante Barry presenting on the Main Stage about the #BlackLivesMatter Movement. The picture in the left frame is the cover of "Yes" Magazine with Alicia Garza, co-creator of #BlackLivesMatter, on the cover. The picture in the right frame is that of Aiyana Stanley Jones, a 7 year old girl who was killed in Detroit by a police officer acting with reckless abandon as he pursued a suspect (in the wrong home) while filming the reality TV show, "The First 48." Prosecutors and Judges are elected. And this is why #BlackPoliticsMatter.


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On the Media MPs expenses: a triumph for journalism?
Talk Monday 8th June, 2009
With each new tranche of revelations about MPs expenses the Daily Telegraph has continued to put on sales and gained kudos for its good old fashioned journalistic scoop.
With a story that has shaken Westminster to its foundations the Daily Telegraph has been able to set the news agenda, releasing its revelations ahead of the 10pm news bulletins.
The daily diet of scoops is said to have boosted newspaper sales by tens of thousands and web traffic has also increased and no doubt will, in financial terms at least, justify the cost of obtaining the information.
But what does the expenses scandal tell us about journalism today?
Journalists Heather Brooke, the Sunday Times' Jon Ungoed-Thomas and the Sunday Telegraph's Ben Leapman have been plugging away at the story for years, fighting in court to force MPs to allow access to the information under the Freedom of Information Act.
How important was the fact that MPs continued to drag their heels over the publication of expenses in creating a market for the information? Is the importance of this story a vindication of chequebook journalism?
Join us at the Frontline Club to discuss the implications of the MPs' expenses story for independent journalism.
Chair: Roy Greenslade, media commentator
Panel: Andrew Pierce, assistant editor, The Daily Telegraph
Stephen Tall, editor at large, the Liberal Democrat Voice
Journalist Heather Brooke, author of 'Your Right to Know'
Independent editor Roger Alton
Journalism, Past Event, Talks
Monday 8th June, 2009


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Top Five Alex Kidd Games
May 22, 2012 June 9, 2012 Simon Lethbridge 2 Comments Alex Kidd in High-Tech World, alex kidd in miracle world, Alex Kidd in Shinobi World, Alex Kidd in the Enchanted Castle, Alex Kidd The Lost Stars, classic games, retro gaming, top alex kidd games
Yes, yes, okay, I know – there are only five Alex Kidd games, so how can this be a Top Five? Well, actually, contrary to popular belief, there are in fact six Alex Kidd games – Sega sneaked out another one which never left Japan, but I'll look at that one in a later feature. This feature, instead of selecting the five best Alex Kidd games, will place his five best-known adventures in order of greatness!
5. Alex Kidd in High-Tech World (1989)
The well-informed among you could be forgiven for not considering this a true Alex Kidd game as it was actually nothing to do with him in its Japanese form, instead being based on some obscure anime show and being converted to an AK game for its overseas releases. It's also the game I was most intrigued by prior to this feature as my entire knowledge of it was pretty much restricted to a single screenshot and tiny review in some magazine of the day (C&VG's Complete Guide to Consoles, as I recall). As it turns out, that intrigue was somewhat misplaced, with the game focusing on Alex's attempts to find eight pieces of a map to a new arcade which has opened in town. Unlike the other games in the series, this takes the form of an arcade adventure which does involve lots of familiar platforming action but also sees Alex talking to other characters, searching furniture for items which he can use elsewhere, etc. It's not a bad game I suppose, but it's not a huge amount of fun and just seems like a bit of a chore at times.
4. Alex Kidd in the Enchanted Castle (1989)
Commonly believed to be the final Alex Kidd game, Enchanted Castle was actually released shortly before Shinobi World, but it is the only one that didn't get a Master System release, instead appearing as a launch title for the MegaDrive. Despite some spruced-up visuals and music (only marginally though) this effort very much retains the feel of the MS games which is probably its biggest problem. The Master System is a great console but the significantly greater power of the MD gave Sega the opportunity to do a lot more with their character but sadly they didn't seize it. It's not bad and has some nice ideas but it's also very frustrating, with the merest touch from anything that moves causing instant death. Even for a launch game this was rather average but next to some of the MD's other platformers, it's a pretty poor effort.
3. Alex Kidd: The Lost Stars (1989)
This was the first Alex Kidd game I played after I borrowed it from a friend many years ago. I swear I have firm memories of playing it through to completion over that weekend (yep, even with it making you go through the game twice, Ghouls 'n' Ghosts stylee) but since replaying it for this feature I'm not so sure my memory is accurate – it's harder than ten angry lions! It is also the most surreal of Alex's games, requiring him to traverse some strange landscapes and battle some stranger foes while trying to recover the twelve Zodiac signs! The object of each stage is simply to reach the end within the time limit. Enemies are just there to get in your way and contact with them takes a chunk out of your remaining time. I have good memories of this game which, while frustrating, is also addictive and features such obscure stages the urge to see what Sega dreamed up for the next one is strong!
2. Alex Kidd in Shinobi World (1990)
Cross-over games are few and far between on any console in my experience so that already makes this game noteworthy, but happily it's also rather good! I hadn't played it prior to this feature so I wasn't entirely sure what to expect, but as it turns out I needn't have thought so hard about it – it's quite literally a cartoony version of a Shinobi game with Alex Kidd replacing Joe Musashi. Clearly modelled on the MS version of the first game (it even features arranged versions of the same music), Alex must battle through twelve stages filled with enemy ninjas, soldiers, and bosses, all based on similar ones from Shinobi. Like High-Tech World, this game was not originally developed as an Alex Kidd game but the character suits it well and it's a superb final outing for ol' big ears. Ironically, it's also tougher than Shinobi, but the stages are interesting and well-designed so it's worth battling away.
1. Alex Kidd in Miracle World (1986)
To my shame, I failed to fully embrace this game in the late 80's when my MS was my only console, despite its glowing reputation. I have since made up for lost time though, and can see why it was so revered. Miracle World is perhaps the most 'normal' of Alex's adventures but it's also the most enjoyable as you help him on his journey to free his brother and father who've been kidnapped by Janken the Great. This obviously involves lots of top platforming action but Alex also gets to go swimming and take command of a motorbike and a pedicoptor along the way too! This variety along with the lovely colourful graphics and nice music helps to make Miracle World a superbly entertaining game. It has pretty much always been regarded as the best in the series and although Shinobi World comes close, this is still the champion!
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Simon Lethbridge
Hello. :) I'm a 38 year old nerd from England, and I like lots of stuff, including retro video games, movies, sci-fi, and anime. This is the place where I will blabber on about them! At the very least, it will give me an excuse to try games/films that I keep putting off. Hope you like reading it! :)
What is your favorite Puzzle Game?
December 1, 2010 J.A. Laraque 1
State of the LAN Party IV
April 10, 2010 J.A. Laraque 0
Ranting Saturday: Underwater Quests. Why?
December 11, 2010 Umar Khan 2


October 30, 2003 Arts » Arts Etc.
A crescendo of jubilant gritos!
For collectors and aficionados of contemporary art, a comprehensive, encyclopedic work on Chicano art has arrived. Contemporary Chicana and Chicano Art: Artists, Works, Culture, and Education is not an art show catalog promoting an exhibit nor a rehashed historical survey. It is an original, two-volume publication that will leave the most skeptical and jaded art lovers impressed. An added incentive for local readers is the baker's dozen of San Antonio artists featured in the set: Mel Casas, Nephtalí De León, Rolando Briseño, Xavier Garza, Juan Farias, Carolina G. Flores, Quintin González, Joe L. López, César A. Martínez, Alex Rubio, Roberto Sifuentes, Vincent Valdez, and David Zamora Casas.
In his introduction, the book's principal editor, Arizona State University Regents Professor of Spanish Gary D. Keller, discusses the scope and concept of this multi-volume work (two more volumes are forthcoming, which will include Chicana/o filmmakers), along with an Internet extension (www.latinoartcommunity.org). "One of our objectives ... was to provide a fertile resource base upon which art research, interpretation, and criticism could be generated," writes Keller.
The visual beauty of the two-volume set offers the ability to hold in one's hands the gamut of Chicana and Chicano art as an organic whole. What originally were to be 100 artist profiles has doubled. Each profile includes examples of each artist's work, a mug shot, an art statement or manifesto, a short biography, and a bibliography. The artist statements allow readers to get close to the artists. César Martinez' eloquent manifesto states: "I make paintings of people, as opposed to portraits. The characters are frequently composites of people I have know or seen - characters universal to the Chicano experience. One of my principal objectives is that my characters be instantly recognizable. 'I know him!' is a frequent response. It is music to my ears when I hear that." Wünderkind Vincent Valdez nails his characters: "By portraying forms with expressive and at times exaggerated gestures, I hope to reflect characters on the brink of an overwhelming sexuality or violence while offering a hint of the hidden pathos of every-day life."
The visual beauty of the two-volume set offers the ability to hold in one's hands the gamut of Chicana and Chicano art as an organic whole.
David Zamora Casas' artist statement reads like a poetic recitation: "I have always been an activist and it has made me who I am. That is why I paint. It goes hand in hand." Zamora Casas sees the issue of sexuality as an important theme in Chicana/o art. "`Chicana/o art` brought me out of the closet," he says. "There aren't many overt instances of gay and lesbian subject matter in the book, but there are many gay and lesbian painters in it."
"Ninety percent of Chicano art is political," says poet and painter Nephtalí De León, whose work emerged during La Raza's civil rights movement. He illustrates his point with a recent painting that portrays La Guadalupana in a Statue of Liberty pose, featured in Volume II.
The book and the website bridge Rolando Briseño's earlier work to his current interests. "I like public art because it's public! It doesn't sit in someone's home or museum, more people get to experience it. I have moved beyond affirmation and tired identity issues in my art," he says, explaining his transition from his "tabletop" paintings and sculpture featured in Volume I to large-scale public pieces, photographs of which will be added to the website upon completion. He is currently working on The Learning Tree, a two-and-a-half ton bronze grille for the front of a waterfall at Trinity University's new administration building.
Yet, despite Keller's commitment to comprehensively profiling Chicana/o artists, some prominent artists with local roots and ties are conspicuously missing from the debut volumes of the series - from Kathy Vargas and Rudy Treviño to Franco Mondini-Ruiz and George Yepes. Keller says that a few artists didn't want to be categorized as Chicana or Chicano painters; others never made the book's deadline; and some came onto the art scene after the book went to press. Yepes and other mural and public work artists will be featured in volume three. "Much of the work done by SPARC and Self-Help Graphics in Los Angeles and Con Safos and the Guadalupe Cultural Arts Center in San Antonio will be highlighted," explains Keller. "Just as a teaser, we will include 12 pullout panels from Judy Baca's Great Wall."
"Besides `the series'` comprehensive breadth and depth, I like the fact that Chicano art is continual," says Kathy Vargas, chair of the art program at Incarnate Word University, and a former director of the art program at the Guadalupe Cultural Arts Center. "I didn't end on some specific date. It is ongoing. I also like the way `the series` includes younger practitioners of the art like Quentin Gonzáles, as well as veterans like César `Martinez`." Vargas admits that her work is missing from the debut volumes because she missed her deadline.
The seed for the mammoth undertaking of compiling such an exhaustive Chicana/o artists index began when Keller was a student in a Mexico City secondary school art class, where his teacher Jacinto Quirarte shared his love of Mexican Art. Considered the dean and pioneering chronicler of the Chicana/Chicano art movement, Quirarte wrote the seminal 1973 book Mexican American Artists, which made a lasting impression on Keller because, he says, "The word Chicano was used throughout the book."
To Keller's delight, Quirarte now uses Contemporary Chicana and Chicano Art in his University of Texas at San Antonio art class. "The biggest change in Chicano art is that the artists no longer look toward Mexico for inspiration," Quirarte says. "This began when artists like César Martinez, Carmen Lomas Garza, and Amado Peña began to focus on Chicano/a culture in their work. It was `then` only a question of time before Chicano/a artists would receive the recognition they so richly deserve."


At JMC, it's all about exploring your passion, discovering a rewarding career and making a few life-long connections along the way. It's about helping you grow your skills, hone your creativity, and learn as much as you can about your chosen field so that you eventually land that job you've always dreamed of.
However, we also realise that study takes a while, and a lot of commitment. And that you're creative. And clever. And that you like to think outside of the box. So, we're also committed to providing you with a very unique and stimulating creative environment and style of learning that we know you'll enjoy.
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Perhaps most importantly, our people are talented, experienced industry professionals. You won't find any stale, dull lecturers here. Our team is fresh, accomplished, and ready to give you the head start you need. Plus, we're very big on collaboration. It's how creative industries work. And it's how we work. We encourage you to join forces with your peers - from within as well as outside of your own course - as much as possible, and to work together to achieve possibilities that haven't yet been imagined for the Creative Industries.
"The best thing about going to JMC was the environment to learn and create in a team. I met so many people that are now invaluable in terms of opportunities and networking. The lecturers are incredible, and have continued to support me since graduating, going above and beyond to make my transition into the 'real world' as smooth as possible."
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text:
import React from 'react';
import { Route, IndexRoute } from 'react-router';

import App from './components/App';
import HomePage from './components/HomePage';
import AboutPage from './components/AboutPage';
import NotFoundPage from './components/NotFoundPage';
import ChartPage from './containers/ChartPage';
import TablePage from './containers/TablePage';

export default (
  <Route path="/" component={App}>
    <IndexRoute component={HomePage}/>
    <Route path="chart" component={ChartPage}/>
    <Route path="table" component={TablePage}/>
    <Route path="about" component={AboutPage}/>
    <Route path="*" component={NotFoundPage}/>
  </Route>
);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Dextromethorfan (DXM) is de actieve stof en is in Nederland zonder recept uitsluitend bij een apotheek verkrijgbare hoestsiroop tegen prikkelhoest. Het is de rechtsdraaiende enantiomeer van levomethorfan. Vanaf circa 10 maal de aanbevolen dosering kunnen er dissociatieve effecten optreden, en de stof kent dan ook een geschiedenis van misbruik, voornamelijk door jongeren en mensen zoekend naar een legale manier om high te worden. De stof zit in bereidingen die bekend zijn onder de merknamen Bisoltussin (Boehringer Ingelheim), Dampo Bij Droge Hoest (Roche), Darolan Hoestprikkeldempend (Heca), Daromefan (Heca), Rami dextromethorfan (Pfizer).

Dextromethorfan is werkzaam op de opiaatreceptoren in het centraal zenuwstelsel als agonist. In tegenstelling tot andere opiaten heeft de stof geen pijnstillende werking, noch is er acuut gevaar voor verslaving. Hierdoor heeft Dextromethorfan grotendeels hoestdranken met codeïne vervangen. Langdurige recreatieve gebruikers van de stof kunnen echter een psychologische verslaving ontwikkelen.

Werking
Dextromethorfan dempt de hoestprikkel bij droge of prikkelhoest, waarbij de keel en longen geïrriteerd zijn maar er geen vervuiling opgehoest wordt. Na doorbreken van de bloed-hersenbarrière is DXM werkzaam via de volgende mechanismen:

 NMDA Receptor, DXM is een antagonist op de NMDA-glutamaatreceptor
 Dopamine-heropname wordt beperkt (werkzaam als Dopamine heropname remmer)
Sigmareceptoren, DXM is een agonist op de σ1- en σ2-opiaatreceptoren, evenals PCP
 Serotonine-heropname wordt beperkt (werkzaam als zogenaamde Serotonineheropnameremmer)

Dosering
In hoeststropen komt DXM meestal voor als oplossing van dextromethorfanhydrobromide, het HBr-zout van DXM. Doseringsrichtlijn voor een volwassene is circa 15 mg DXM HBr elke 4 uur, met een maximum van 120 mg DXM HBr per 24 uur.

Dosering om psychotropische effecten te bereiken is ingewikkelder. Effecten treden op in fases of plateaus, en elk plateau kent zijn eigen dosering. Er worden vijf plateaus onderscheiden, waarvan het sigma-plateau moeilijk en niet zonder gevaar te bereiken is.

*Bij een concentratie van 3 mg DXM HBr per ml en een lichaamsgewicht van 70 kg

Effecten
De eerste twee plateaus worden door veel gebruikers als prettig ervaren. Effecten zijn uiteenlopend, en worden omschreven als alcoholachtige effecten zonder de mentale 'vertraging' die hierbij op kan treden. Ook is er, vooral bij beginnende gebruikers een gevoel van euforie. Muziek kan buitengewoon mooi klinken, en emoties worden versterkt. Er is een licht gevoel van dissociatie van de buitenwereld, en sommige gebruikers vinden het gemakkelijker over gevoelige onderwerpen te praten.

Tussen de plateaus 1-2 en 3-4 zit een overgangsfase, waarin de gebruiker sterker vervreemdt (dissocieert) van zijn omgeving. Invoer van zintuigen naar de hersenen kan abrupt stoppen tijdens deze overgangsfase. 70% van de gebruikers zegt deze overgang te bemerken.

Ervaringen op de hogere plateaus zijn intenser en verschillen sterk per individu. Over het algemeen worden 'trips' gekenmerkt door geheel of gedeeltelijk verlies van zicht, en alle zintuigelijke waarneming raakt sterk gepulseerd (Engels: 'Flanging'). William E. Whites DXM FAQ, een van de meest uitgebreide bronnen over recreatief DXM-gebruik, geeft voorbeelden en een hypothetische verklaring. Gebruikers maken melding van contact met buitenaardse entiteiten. Het kortetermijngeheugen wordt sterk beperkt.

Over het sigma-plateau is beperkte anekdotische informatie beschikbaar. Dit plateau kan bereikt worden door tweemaal een 2e-plateau dosering te nemen, gevolgd door een 3e-plateau dosering, steeds drie uur uit elkaar. Risico op fatale effecten zijn enorm, en meer dan 50% van de gebruikers noemen de ervaring extreem onprettig, en wensen dit niet te herhalen.

Gevaren en bijwerkingen
Bijwerkingen gekoppeld aan gematigd recreatief gebruik van dextromethorfan zijn onder andere winderigheid, vertraagd reactievermogen, misselijkheid, versnelde hartslag en verminderde seksuele activiteit. Bij hogere doses kunnen paniekaanvallen optreden. Overdosis kan leiden tot ernstige hersenbeschadigingen, coma en de dood. Bij het gebruik van deze stof als hallucinogene drug kan een bad trip voorkomen, met alle gevolgen van dien.

Langdurig gebruik/misbruik van DXM kan depressies, permanente hersenbeschadigingen, psychologische stoornissen zoals psychoses en een persoonlijkheidsverandering en beschadigingen aan lever, nieren en alvleesklier veroorzaken.

Indien het HBr-zout van dextromethorfan gebruikt wordt kunnen de broomionen broomvergiftiging veroorzaken. Verreweg de grootste oorzaak van doden door recreatief DXM-gebruik is echter niet de werkzame stof zelf, maar additieven in de hoestdrank zoals paracetamol of een antihistamine, welke bij hoge doseringen levensgevaarlijk zijn.

Interacties
MAO-remmers (sommige antidepressiva, st. janskruid) en paroxetine kunnen in zeldzame gevallen in combinatie met DXM het serotoninesyndroom veroorzaken.

Contra-indicaties
Gebruik van dextromethorfan bij overgevoeligheid voor dextromethorfan, ernstige leverfunctiestoornis of ernstige ademhalingsinsufficiëntie wordt ontraden. Voorzichtigheid is geboden bij gebruik van dextromethorfan bij leverfunctiestoornis, ademhalingsinsufficiëntie en astma.

Metabolisme
Onderzoekers van het Erasmus Medisch Centrum ontdekten dat het metabolisme van het anti-kanker medicijn tamoxifen is te voorspellen na een proefdosis dextromethorfan.

Externe links
 Yo Jax International -Informatie over DXM
 DXM FAQ
  Erowid.com DXM Vault

Referenties

Hallucinogeen
Drug
Antitussivum
Opioïde
Morfinaan
Anisolderivaat
Zelfzorgmedicijn


text:
Q: regex - choosing only descriptions in the string I have a string
str = '"0f6538c55e386da5dc073dfd1fe86475a8544183ae37236cecfe15395e432182","{\\"description\\": \\"nova user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:30:49",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n"19e264818c03ec443159adf1618d53fb65519aebc1382f65abb7d09bcc28b7c4","{\\"email\\": \\"7650121315721623642\\", \\"description\\": \\"Abhishek Bacchan\\"}",\\N,\\N,"2018-04-30 05:50:56",\\N,"default"\n"31792917e59186bc6f7ef39c4e014d85f2fbaba4843b5291b9bb57b095ca0d5b","{\\"description\\": \\"ttv-validation user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:30:51",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n"4cee1615fe45f0ae4f990e54ff978f08b320f1bb47d4668f0f1716975f58fa3e","{\\"description\\": \\"gnocchi user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:30:50",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n"52ab4e67e1fd1a6c0aa4a2af1ec83c25203430fc22e98c31ab18b18a22b35c37","{\\"description\\": \\"ceilometer user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:30:50",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n"534a9548b051691874cae89ff1fa5a39fd45bcbb30055efceb1e0885694f12b8","{\\"description\\": \\"cinder user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:30:50",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n"548e22b0a4fc5bea132704240f2e2589e3c0dacbe23bfc00b320c55d62a00479","{\\"description\\": \\"glance user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:30:51",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n"8941730944fd6c48d0a3f9b84c343b65ecd3d228f79a36ff73edb1ef9299458f","{\\"email\\": \\"3029999649694327287\\", \\"description\\": \\"Amitabh Bacchan\\"}",\\N,\\N,"2018-04-30 05:52:28",\\N,"default"\n"99adeb632acb3c1695fd6f590c7499a7298fc7c8b51f663ae138e515234c0769","{\\"description\\": \\"clerk user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:32:37",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n"bd9b0f7bf919fcca9414c52a2e3a8a94aca5ff7c7bf485e76ece11be507fee3a","{\\"description\\": \\"panko user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:30:51",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n"edac0b9f98b333bc3ede8c65b040baccb375c6b9c20e420b692b225421549b96","{\\"description\\": \\"neutron user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:30:51",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n"f494e2e34d48ec7ae07c9844b179a1043f502b84b9d94fdddb5105e09d47937d","{\\"description\\": \\"swift user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:30:49",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n'

From this, I want to remove all the description texts...
For example, \\"description\\": \\"asdfg qwerty\\" should become
\\"description\\":

at all description instances in the string. Something like this re.sub(regex, "", str)
(?<=description.:)(.)(?=}) selected the first description to last '}' and gave "look-behind requires fixed-width pattern" error also. This error is due to ?<=. Without this, i tried (description)(.*)(?=}), this also selected everything between first description to last '}'.
Need help finding an appropriate regex for this...

A: (\\\\\"description\\\\\":)

Is the regex you need to find all of \\"description\\": in the string.
For example:
desc = re.search(r"(\\\\\"description\\\\\":)", string).group(1)

A: This might help.
import re
s = '"0f6538c55e386da5dc073dfd1fe86475a8544183ae37236cecfe15395e432182","{\\"description\\": \\"nova user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:30:49",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n"19e264818c03ec443159adf1618d53fb65519aebc1382f65abb7d09bcc28b7c4","{\\"email\\": \\"7650121315721623642\\", \\"description\\": \\"Abhishek Bacchan\\"}",\\N,\\N,"2018-04-30 05:50:56",\\N,"default"\n"31792917e59186bc6f7ef39c4e014d85f2fbaba4843b5291b9bb57b095ca0d5b","{\\"description\\": \\"ttv-validation user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:30:51",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n"4cee1615fe45f0ae4f990e54ff978f08b320f1bb47d4668f0f1716975f58fa3e","{\\"description\\": \\"gnocchi user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:30:50",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n"52ab4e67e1fd1a6c0aa4a2af1ec83c25203430fc22e98c31ab18b18a22b35c37","{\\"description\\": \\"ceilometer user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:30:50",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n"534a9548b051691874cae89ff1fa5a39fd45bcbb30055efceb1e0885694f12b8","{\\"description\\": \\"cinder user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:30:50",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n"548e22b0a4fc5bea132704240f2e2589e3c0dacbe23bfc00b320c55d62a00479","{\\"description\\": \\"glance user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:30:51",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n"8941730944fd6c48d0a3f9b84c343b65ecd3d228f79a36ff73edb1ef9299458f","{\\"email\\": \\"3029999649694327287\\", \\"description\\": \\"Amitabh Bacchan\\"}",\\N,\\N,"2018-04-30 05:52:28",\\N,"default"\n"99adeb632acb3c1695fd6f590c7499a7298fc7c8b51f663ae138e515234c0769","{\\"description\\": \\"clerk user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:32:37",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n"bd9b0f7bf919fcca9414c52a2e3a8a94aca5ff7c7bf485e76ece11be507fee3a","{\\"description\\": \\"panko user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:30:51",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n"edac0b9f98b333bc3ede8c65b040baccb375c6b9c20e420b692b225421549b96","{\\"description\\": \\"neutron user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:30:51",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n"f494e2e34d48ec7ae07c9844b179a1043f502b84b9d94fdddb5105e09d47937d","{\\"description\\": \\"swift user\\"}",1,\\N,"2018-04-26 06:30:49",\\N,"6406924d188545678f1d439aa1c31ffb"\n'
s = re.sub(r'(?<=\\"description\\":)(.*?)(?=\})', "", s)

A: No lookarounds are necessary if you want to keep it simple; just include the "before" and "after" parts in the replacement.
re.sub('\\\\"description\\\\":.*?\}', '\\\\"description\\\\":}', str)
The main thing you were missing is the lazy quantifier: .*?. The question mark makes the * "lazy", indicating that it should match the least amount possible, rather than the default "greedy" behavior.
See it work on regex101.