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[comics] Ten years of 2000 AD… … Many of Tharg's art, writing and editorial droids discussing the success of 2000AD in 1986.
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[comics] John Wagner and Alan Grant Interviewed in 1988 … I was very saddened to hear of Alan Grant's passing last week – below is a funny story from him in the linked interview. 'A freight company hired me to find out where a million and a quarter pounds missing from the books had gone, and I'd not got the slightest idea where it had gone and didn't even know where to start looking. So I compromised by burning the books. By the time I'd finished they'd no idea what they had or what they didn't have. The funniest thing about it was that when I eventually told them I couldn't take it any more and I was leaving to go back to Scotland immediately because my granny had died or something, they said "That's a great shame. You were doing so well we were going to give you our Heathrow account. There's 5,000,000 pounds missing there." And I was travelling home from Tilbury at night ripping up the books and throwing them out of the train window. IPC did eventually take me on for a partwork called "Birds of the World," and I was there until it closed down after six months.'
[comics] The Crisis Generation … Garth Ennis, John McCrea and Sean Phillips interviewed about their work on Crisis.
[comics] Garth Ennis and Kevin O'Neill on Reviving the Infamous Kids Rule OK! for Battle Action Special … Wonderful interview, with lots of British 70s comics history from O'Neill. 'I was often asked to change little small things in my artwork for ludicrous reasons later on. But the fallout from Action, which the Garth story is built around, was massive at the time because you cannot underestimate the power of the tabloid newspapers when they turned on comics. I believe Action was torn up on a BBC show called Nationwide with Frank Bough, who was disgraced years later for various misdemeanors, but he tore up a copy of Action on-screen as worthless trash. That was the atmosphere. I don't think 2000 AD could have been canceled before it was launched because too much time and money had been spent developing it, but by God, it probably came close. And nobody knew what was happening.'
[comics] Creating the Judge Dredd by Brian Bolland Apex Edition: A How-to Guide for the Rash and Enthusiastic … David Roach on the difficult search for Brian Bolland's 2000AD work for an artist's edition book. 'At first the page count was uncertain, as we weren't sure how many pages it would be possible to find, but ideally it was going to be 96, rising to 144 or higher if possible, though at times that felt like a far-off dream. But what that meant was that we were aiming to include as much as 1/3 of his entire British output, which was quite a sobering thought. One complication in tracking down Brian's pages was the haphazard way in which these early pages were disseminated among collectors. IPC, 2000 AD's first publisher, had a blanket policy of not returning artwork, something which only changed in the '80s in the face of mounting pressure from its artists. In the intervening years, however, numerous pages were stolen from offices and storage warehouses, often turning up for sale in London comic shops, much to the artist's frustration. As 2000 AD's most popular artist, Brian's art was particularly prized and most persistently stolen, and, to this day, certain strips, including his first Judge Death serial, have never surfaced again.'
[comics] Kevin O'Neill's 'Mek Memoirs' … Scans from an obscure, early Kevin O'Neill robot comic. More details on Kev's early work here.
[comics] Blocky Mania: The Perfection of Artist Mick McMahon … A nice overview and gallery of the art of Mick McMahon. 'Few other artists have illustrated Judge Dredd, Tank Girl, Batman (in issues of the fondly-remembered Legends of the Dark Knight anthology series; McMahon has said that he drew it for the money, and he thinks it shows in the finished pages), and Sonic the Hedgehog, but McMahon's run on the latter character is as important for a generation of readers as his Dredd was for their parents. He also got into design work for video games and toys, and started introducing digital tools into his process. McMahon never stopped moving forward, no matter what.'
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[comics] 2000 AD Covers Uncovered – A legend returns: it's Mick McMahon on Prog 2250 … Some comics process – how Mick McMahon creates a Judge Dredd cover for 2000AD. 'The brief is Dredd in action, so pretty open-ended. My first move is to draw some Dredds and hope that one of them feels 'right'. As I sketch on these first sheets I gradually start leaning towards the idea of a big Dredd filling the cover with a white background.'
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[comics] The 2000 AD Thrill-Cast Lockdown Tapes Interviews Kevin O'Neill [Part 1 | Part 2] … A long interview with the renowned British comic artist.
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[dredd] The Megazine That Never Was … The story of an unlaunched Judge Dredd comic from 1984. 'Sadly, unlike the other stories from the Fortnightly dummy issue, Alan Moore and Mike Collins' Badlander is a title that never saw publication. Marking the iconic Moore's only work within the Judge Dredd universe, the strip was to tell the truth about what really happens to the Judges when they decide to go on "the Long Walk" — a piece of Dredd mythology where, instead of retiring, veteran Judges set off to provide justice and law in the radioactive wastelands of the Cursed Earth.'
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[comics] A jam comic cover from Mick McMahon, Brian Bolland, Dave Gibbons and Kevin O'Neill … Created for a 1979 Society of Strip Illustration (SSI) newsletter.
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[dredd] The Best Comics of the Decade (Are All Judge Dredd) … Some interesting analysis of the last ten years of Judge Dredd comics. 'With seven pages per chapter there is never much time to overthink things. 2000AD remained the pinnacle of to-the-point presentation – never more than necessary, never less than what you want. These are procedural comics taken to its zenith. Henry Flint, John McCrea, Colin MacNeil, P.J. Holden and (of course) Carlos Ezquerra have all brought their own little touches to the world of the strip, always in service of the story. But, the reason Judge Dredd is the best comics of decade is more than that. It's more than any single story or creator. It's not about what it does, it's about what it is. To me at least, Judge Dredd in the 2010's is zeitgeist. It's a story about one of the biggest moral questions in the West – can you be a good man in a bad system?'
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[comics] Star Wars in 2000AD [Part 1 | Part 2] … Nostalgic look back at the influence of Star Wars on 2000AD. 'The first mention of the movie appears in the letters page in prog 8 (16 Apr 1977). This would have been my first exposure to the title "Star Wars" — but I don't remember it. Fun fact: prog 8 was the first issue to print readers' letters.'
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[comics] Fascist Spain meets British punk: the subversive genius of Judge Dredd … Remembering Carlos Ezquerra – who sadly died earlier this week. 'Dredd looks like no other comic character before or since. His design makes no practical sense. It has no symmetry or logic to it. No one at the time thought it would work. "Fucking hell," his co-creator John Wagner said when he first saw the designs. "He looks like a Spanish pirate." But somehow, for reasons no one can quite articulate, it is perfect. Ezquerra's art exploded off the page. It was dynamic and gritty, and yet always unfussy, practical and full of economic storytelling. His thick slabs of ridged inks and expressive characters are embedded in the brains of countless readers.'
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[comics] Go Look at Alan Moore's Only Judge Dredd Script … Turned down by Alan Grant but later published in The Extraordinary Works of Alan Moore.
12. Smallish panel. Close-up of Judge Curtis' boots. They are about eight inches above the ground and kicking wildly. Maybe we can see a hint of a tentacle, wrapped around his leg just below the knee…
BOX: …HE DOESN'T MAKE IT!
CURTIS: EEEEEYAARRRGHH…
SOUND F.X.: SNAPP!!
(Possibly the "SNAPP" could be arranged to fit across the scream, cutting it off sharply.)
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[comics] Kevin O'Neill on the early days of 2000AD … 'My memory of 2000AD in those days is just white paint, paste-up, altering stuff, copying and enlarging stuff and getting as good a lettering job as we could get, because sometimes that covered deficiencies. It was totally like a Frankenstein operation at times. If we ran out of time, we'd get Jack Potter to letter it because he'd do a great lettering job, big display lettering and stuff. That elevated material a little bit. It was like trying to bodge a thing into submission, really. 2000 AD was still finding its feet, it was still sort of similar to Action minus something in some departments, but going off in other directions. It got up its own head of steam, eventually…'
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[comics] 40 years of 2000AD: looking back on the future of comic books … 2000AD celebrated it's 40th birthday yesterday…
Back when IPC execs were tossing around ideas for the title of the new comic, Pat Mills vividly remembers the then publisher John Sanders coming up with the futuristic name. "I said to John: 'What happens when we reach the year 2000? What will we call it then?'" Mills laughs. "He said to me, 'Don't worry, Pat. If it lasts three or four years we'll count ourselves lucky.'"
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[comics] Dredding Every Minute of It … profiling Judge Dredd – Arthur Wyatt back at the career of Mega-City One's greatest Lawman… 'The far-future setting served Judge Dredd and 2000 AD well over the years, acting as a springboard for all kinds of science fiction-themed stories and building up a menagerie of aliens, mutants, psychics and visitors from other times and dimensions, which all somehow managed to be integrated seamlessly and have a distinctive Judge Dredd spin to them. This magpie tendency even extended across genres: When Dredd wanders beyond the borders of Mega-City One into the vast wasteland of the Cursed Earth, the stories become futuristic Westerns. The genre shifts again to Horror with the introduction of Judge Death, Dredd's twisted mirror image from another dimension, where life itself has been declared a crime. The one constant is Dredd. Imbued with an unlimited reserve of stoicism and not much given to change himself, Dredd is a perfect foil for the chaotic ever-changing world around him.'
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[comics] How we made 2000 AD … Pat Mills and Kevin O'Neill on creating 2000AD … Kevin O'Neill: 'That anti-authoritarian streak is part of the British character: it ran through Dennis the Menace and all the Beano stuff. Judge Dredd was never meant to be serious: the idea of shooting jaywalkers is just very, very funny. I loved the story about the oxygen board on the moon cutting off people's supply if they didn't pay their bills. We had to tone things down quite heavily. On the day the first issue went to press, we were whiting out blood and tidying up severed limbs. It was an out-of-control section of the building. NME, who were often in trouble as well, were just a couple of floors above. Our neighbours Buster hated us because we were having fun and swearing. I didn't think 2000 AD would last a year.'
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[comics] 25 Years of Judge Dredd: The Megazine … 'The Megazine might have been all Dredd and his world all the time to start with, but there was plenty of breakthroughs behind the scenes. The first issue sold more than 50,000 copies, triggering a royalty payment to all the creators featured in it – that had never happened before on a Fleetway title. There was a satirical magazine inside the issue, the Mega-City Times, created via desktop publishing – a first back when titles were still put together with glue and scalpels.'
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[comics] Nick Abadzis remembers Brett Ewins who sadly died this week … 'Brett Ewins and Steve Dillon gave me my start in comics as a creator. I'd worked for Marvel UK and Fleetway before I worked for Deadline, but it was Brett and Steve who looked at my portfolio and saw some potential there and gave me a chance as a cartoonist. Brett found a loose, lanky stick man I'd hidden at the back of all the other drawings and asked if the character had a name. He didn't, but the two of them read the two-page strip and laughed. I can still hear Brett saying, "Yeah, we'll have this. Can you give us two or three pages of this every month?" They paid fifty quid a page. Later, the name Hugo Tate attached itself to the character, and Brett and Steve gave me more pages as the strip became more popular.'
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[comics] Happy New Year … 2000AD Prog 451 cover for The Ballard Of Halo Jones by Ian Gibson …
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[comics] Interviews: learning your A, B, Cs … Pat Mills discusses the A. B. C. Warriors … ' I think the ABCs is a rare story that endows machines with personality. This has always seemed an obvious thing to do. To treat them like superheroes but in a more rewarding way. They are a metaphor for working class heroes.'
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[comics] Miliband to show Obama his 2000AD collection … an important question – which world leaders are Squaxx dek Thargo? …
Miliband said: "Barack Obama looks as though he would definitely have been part of my gang at school, The League of Zarjaz Earthlets.
"I may even detach the Space Spinner free gift from issue one for some light-hearted yet reverent fun."
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[comics] Script Robot Moore and Art Droid Gibson Celebrate Their Eagle Award For Halo Jones … 'The celebration's over! Back to work'
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[comics] The UK Government is now *literally* getting its immigration policy from Judge Dredd … 'Citizenship is a privilege – Not a right!'
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[comics] Grant Morrison on bringing back Wonder Woman … Morrison also discusses Rebellion's reprinting of Zenith.
…one particular title from the late 1980s made headlines earlier this year. Rebellion, the publisher of 2000AD, announced it was planning to reprint Zenith, Morrison's subversive superhero strip. Shallow, sarcastic and frequently used as a way for Morrison to criticise the Conservative party, the hero's five-year run in 2000AD ended in 1992. Zenith has been out of print ever since, due to a legal dispute over who owns the rights. So Rebellion's announcement of a £100 preorder-only hardback complete collection raised rather a lot of eyebrows, with Morrison unable to comment. But, choosing his words carefully, the writer is now able to talk a little about what's happening.
"Well, it's very simple," he begins with a wince. "We, uh, we spent five grand on lawyers' fees. They sent [Rebellion] letters. We were very keen to discuss it and we've never heard back from them. All I can say is that we tried to get into a discussion with them and they just didn't reply. I don't know what to do at this stage."
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[comics] MAD MENTAL CRAZY! The True Life of the Fabulous Zenith Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 … a three-part history of the British super-hero Zenith and a look at the murky legal situation regarding ownership of the character … '2000 AD maintain that they own the rights while Grant Morrison contends that they do not have the paperwork to prove that. This is not an argument that Morrison had at the time of initial publication, rather one he put forward in later years in greater understanding of the situation, so early interviews with the writer at the time are not entirely illuminating. There are however other pieces of the jigsaw that help build a larger picture. 2000 AD maintain that they have never sought creator owned work and the implication was always that comics were created on a work for hire basis. However, they also operated without contracts in many cases before the early '90s, and under UK law a creation belongs to the creator until the rights are signed away – regardless of publication or payment.'
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[comics] Dave Sim On Creating A Judge Dredd Cover … 'I originally thought, "Well, Dredd has easily the most complicated costume of any costumed character, so there's no way I will be able to do that costume accurately in these tiny little spaces." I was going to do the drawings twice up and have the IDW production department reduce them and place them. "Dave Sim work-made-for-hire cover: some assembly required". But then it came time and I thought, "Hell, if Brian Bolland can do it, I can do it." So there I was with a fresh Hunt 102 and my magnifying glass.'
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[comics] Top 10 best Judge Dredd comic-book stories … Discussing the 'America' storyline: 'Judge Dredd's own Dark Knight Returns, All-Star Superman and Kingdom Come, all wrapped up tight in a blood-splattered Star Spangled Banner.'
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[comics] 2000AD – Dummy Issue Promo … fascinating look at a 1976 mock-up of the first issue of 2000AD. Looks very much like they were planning a sci-fi version of Action.
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[comics] Judge Dredd And Spikes Harvey Rotten Share A Moment … 'You -Er- Look Wonderful, Spikes!'
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[comics] Go Look: Be Pure! Be Vigilant! Behave!
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[comics] Tugging Your Coat … Mike McMahon's got a blog! … 'I love Joe Pineapples, a real pleasure to draw. Wonderful piece of character design by Kev O'Neill.'
[comics] How 2000AD artist and MS sufferer John Hicklenton chose to end his life …
…he decided to finish the battle on his own terms. Even when we went to Dignitas," Lavis recalls, "it was, 'I'm pulling the pin on the hand grenade. I'm murdering MS. It's not murdering me.'"
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[comics] Respect Due: former 2000AD editor Steve MacManus … 'Writers like Wagner, Mills, Grant and Alan Moore blossomed. New scribes such as Grant Morrison and Peter Milligan emerged. Great artists like Gibbons, Gibson, Bolland and McMahon did some of their finest work in this period on 2000AD. Amazing new talents like Simon Bisley, Glenn Fabry and Steve Dillon were nurtured in the comic.'
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[comics] 2000AD Front Covers To Prog 1500 … great time-lapse animation showing the evolution of the cover over the years …
[2000ad] Mind The Oranges, Marlon!! …
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[comics] The Wisdom of Tharg The Mighty …
"As an alien superbeing. I have little time for the primitive biological urge you lesser evolved beings call sex." – Tharg the MightySun Sep 26 17:09:31 via web 2000AD Daily Quote
2000ADailyQuote
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[comics] Go Look: John Romita Jr. does Judge Dredd.
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[comics] The Complete D.R. & Quinch … a review of one of Alan Moore's early works from 2000AD … 'It'd be hard today to convey the level and nature of the excitement readers felt in 1984 when a fresh new talent — an author — blew into the company town, overhauling a run-of-the-mill commercial comic, revitalizing it completely and, in the process, making it utterly his own. Who was this guy? Where had he learned to write like that?'
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[comics] Watching the Watchman – St Albans comics legend Dave Gibbons interviewed … 'I bumped into a friend of mine called Mick McMahon, who lived in Colney Heath, at the station at St Albans and he had this artwork under his arm. It turned out to be the first Judge Dredd job, and he said it was this new comic being done at IPC called 2000AD…'
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[comics] Kevin O'Neill Interview [Part One | Part Two | Part Three | Part Four | Part Five] … huge interview covering O'Neill's 40 year career in comics … 'What Robocop did by beating Judge Dredd to the screen was it stole the best of Judge Dredd, and when they made the Dredd movie, they were then worried about being compared with Robocop! So they took out all the black humor and all the satire, and their emasculated movie was almost a Judge Dredd movie, but not quite. Robocop was a more energetic movie. We did hear there were piles of 2000 ADs in the production offices. That does kind of show, doesn't it?' [via Metafilter]
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[comics] Grant Goggans On 2000 AD … 'Andy Diggle famously described 2000 AD, at its best, as delivering you shot glasses of rocket fuel. You may not like every episode of every tale, but all five episodes each week should try and knock you on your backside with excellent characters in fast-moving, over-the-top stories. Nothing else in comics can give you that thrill, and it's the highwire, anything-goes weekly nature that makes reading 2000 AD so fun.'
[comics] All The Joy I See Through These Architect's Eyes … comic artist D'Israeli looks at Mega-City One through the art of various artists who have visualised it over the years … On Carlos Ezquerra: 'Though his Judge Dredd pilot strip was never published, the last page (a full-page view across the city) was used as a back-cover of Prog 3. I remember seeing this aged about eleven and it absolutely blew my mind. The sense of scale, the strangeness of the designs, the feeling of the future as a gritty, exotic place formed by unguessable processes, all of this generated an excitement I've rarely felt from comics or any other medium. Along with Italian Massimo Bellardinelli, Ezquerra dragged 2000AD away from the comfortable visual tropes of the 1950's and, importantly, gave it a signature visual style that distinguished it from the blocky, industrial designs of the recently-released Star Wars. That one page set a visual and imaginative standard for later creators to aspire to; ironically, as a leftover page from a rejected strip, it may be the most important piece of work Ezquerra ever did, and in its influence it may make him one of the most important artists in British comics in the last 30 years.'
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[comics] Concordance: 2000 AD … a glossary from the Galaxy's Greatest Comic … 'Earthlettes – similar to Earthlets, but applied to females only. This caused a furore on the letters page and eventually was deprecated in favour of the now gender-neutral term "earthlets", though now "Terrans" seems to be in vogue.'
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[comics] US superheroes with Scottish accents… BBC News on Scottish Comics Creators … 'Along with [Grant] Morrison, the work of some of Scotland's other great comic book writers and artists has been showcased at an exhibition at the National Library of Scotland. Names such as John Wagner, Alan Grant and Cam Kennedy have dominated the genre in Scotland for decades and have been at the forefront of what Mr Schreck calls "the European invasion" since the late 1970s.'
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[comics] Alan Grant's Edinburgh Lecture — Forbidden Planet Blog reports from a lecture the veteran Judge Dredd / Batman writer gave in Scotland. On Dredd: 'Alan had been re-reading some of his own early work – something he says normal weekly and monthly comics deadlines don't leave much time for him to do, he rarely re-reads his own work – in preparation for the talk and is still surprised and a little depressed at how much of what he and Wagner wrote 'as a laugh', taking then-current social trends and blowing them up to ridiculous proportions (literally in the case of Two Ton Tony Tubbs), has gone from being satirical humour (something 2000 AD and Dredd in particular has always been good at and something I've always relished about it) to being rather too close to the bone (the League of Fatties was hilarious in the early 80s, now he reads about childhood obesity epidemics in Britain and America and suddenly the joke's not as funny anymore…'
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[weird] Dearly departed to heat Manchester crematorium — Mega City One's Resyk comes one step closer … 'A Manchester crematorium where "grieving friends and relatives have complained of the cold during services" will tackle the problem by using the "body heat" generated in the incineration process to crank up the temperature…'
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[comics] Brendan McCarthy Showreel on Youtube … 'I recently found this old VHS showreel inside a cobwebbed cardboard box in a storage room. It features art and designs from over a decade ago. Some of what's there looks a bit dated, as you'd expect, but it's a fun little romp nonetheless. So I thought I'd post it up for your viewing pleasure…' [via Barbelith]
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St. Margaret's, Stoodleigh, is a 15th century church, significantly enlarged in Victorian times, with notable roof bosses, 'Green Men' wall plates and a Norman font.
Although the regular congregation is small, we always extend a warm welcome and seek to draw others into the fellowship of the church to share in the knowledge of God's love.
As part of the Exe Valley Group of nine parishes there is a regular Group Service once a month held on a rotation basis round the parishes. In addition, in groups of three, Cluster Holy Communion Services are held once a month and Stoodleigh rotates as a Cluster Group with Rackenford and Oakford.
Our other monthly services are taken by Lay Leaders and consist of a Family Service or Morning Prayer at 11.00, and Evening Prayer at 6.30 p.m. Services generally alternate between the Book of Common Prayer with hymns A&M and Common Worship with Mission Praise.
A full list of services is published on the main web page.
The church appreciates having much practical and sympathetic support from the village community.


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What Do I Know About Reviews? Xanathar's Enemies and Allies (Dungeon Masters Guild Product)
I am a big fan of having lots of NPC stat blocks, especially in Dungeons and Dragons. While I don't think they were executed as well as they could have been, I liked the concept that D&D 3.5 attempted with adding in different "monsters" with class levels in the Monster Manual 3 and 4, and I think one of the things Pathfinder did right in this regard was to market a product as only stat blocks for various levels, so purchasers didn't go in wanting brand new monsters and getting a more utilitarian product.
Because of that thought process, I wanted to pick up Xanathar's Enemies and Allies, a Dungeon Masters Guild product that came out close to when Xanathar's Guide to Everything was released. Because there has been much real-world chaos, this one fell off my radar for a bit, but I wanted to revisit it.
Xanathar's Enemies and Allies is a 44 page PDF. The formatting looks spot-on for the D&D 5th edition standards, and it uses existing artwork to illustrate the various NPCs. There is a title page that includes credits and legal information, and inside cover illustration, and a table of contents. There is also a one page summary of stat blocks by CR. The rest of the product is filled with stat blocks, one or two to a page.
The product is grouped by themes, often tied together by introducing power groups and organizations from the past of the Forgotten Realms, or by introducing newer groups tied to the lore of the setting. The individual NPCs all use character options introduced in Xanathar's Guide to Everything.
I am very interested in seeing NPC stat blocks based on subclasses, especially since many of the 5e stat blocks that emulate a subclass don't literally port a player character sheet into NPC format, but rather pick out a few signature abilities that would show up in NPC interactions.
I also like to have a wider range of NPC stat blocks at multiple challenge ratings. I am a fan of having evil warriors, spellcasters, priests, and assassins at all levels of a campaign, in addition to ever larger and weirder monsters. In the context of the Forgotten Realms, I also like having the building blocks for potential rival adventuring parties. All of that having been said, let's look at how well this product pulls this off.
The challenge rating for these NPCs stretch from CR1 to CR 13, so while you don't have NPCs in this product for the loftiest challenge ratings, it definitely provides more options moving into tier three play. There is a lot of concentration around CR3 and CR9, and there are 50+ NPC stat blocks total.
The NPCs are "general" NPCs, meaning that they represent an archetype of characters, not a singular "named" character.
Organizations Referenced:
Aglarondan Foresters
The Summer Court
Corvus Nightfeather's Circus of Wonders
Blingdenstone Badgers
Children of Stronmaus
Church of Bane
Clan Melairkyn
Cormanthyr Guard
Council of Dreams
Creel Demonbloods
Eldreth Veluuthra
Hammers of Moradin (Citadel Adbar)
Kozakuran Shogunate
Ledgerkeepers of Jergal
Order of Saint Dionysus
Purple Dragons (Cormyr)
Revenant Blades of Kiaransalee
Saviors of Peace (Eldath)
Servants of Discord (Malkizid)
Shadow Resistance (Netherese)
Shadow Thieves
The Shadows of Bregan D'aethe
Sparks of Mystery (Sorcerers from Silverymoon)
Sun Souls
Ships of Luskan
Spirit Protectors of Ubtao
Stormborn of Ruathym
Tel'Teukiira Horizon Walkers
War Wizards of Cormyr
While many of the religions that get NPC representatives have been touched on by 5e material, many of the nations have not been visited, and a few organizations have been referenced that aren't regular staples of 5e adventures. I appreciate this in that 5e D&D both is and isn't the Forgotten Realms. What do I mean by that? In a lot of cases, Forgotten Realms lore is pertinent, and added to the adventure, but in other cases, many Forgotten Realms specific elements are ignored in favor of bringing in more broadly "D&D" threats. This is a long topic for another day, and I'm pretty sure I've touched on it elsewhere.
Essentially, we're getting a few deeper cuts, and a wider view of the Realms beyond the Sword Coast. The biggest downside to this approach is that since these stat blocks are meant to showcase the options in Xanathar's Guide to Everything, there isn't a separate call out to detail the faction that the character is affiliated with. I realize this would have potentially caused some concept drift for the product, but I would have liked a simple paragraph about the organization and some bullet points on what it means to work for the organization and what their goals are. In many cases, this information is present, but it has to be reverse-engineered from the details about the NPCs.
For most of the entries, there are a few paragraphs generally describing the group of NPCs to be detailed, and then a few more paragraphs that give specific details on how these NPCs serve their organization. For example, the Blingdenstone Badgers have an entry that gives a paragraph on Blingdenstone, and then three paragraphs talking about how these specific NPCs defend and inspire their community, and operate in combat.
Like NPCs in other products, these aren't just PCs in NPC stat block format. Most abilities are expressed as "X/day" abilities or as recharge abilities. While many of the NPCs are given the spellcasting ability appropriate for their subclass, and have some of the signature abilities of their subclass, they often have other thematically appropriate abilities that aren't present in their subclasses. For example, the Scythe of Jergal gains an ability to attack bloodied opponents with advantage. This stat block is based on the Grave Domain cleric, and gets the signature Sentinel at Death's Door ability, but the advantage versus bloodied opponents isn't something the subclass normally receives.
There are some interesting story element choices made by combining some bits of lore with some of the classes included. In some cases, this is taking existing political entities and detailing new agents or military units from the region. Other choices aren't decisions I wouldn't have made, but I like the concept, and can follow the logic. For example, Malkizid is a fallen celestial, not unlike Zariel. The warlocks affiliated with him have the Pact of the Celestial, and honestly, I don't think I would disagree that it works, since it was an aspect of who Malkzid was, and how he presents himself to potential followers.
There is a split in philosophy based on some of the naming conventions used, which causes me to weigh in on a few things. Xanathar's Guide to Everything introduced the Kensai and the Samurai subclasses. A lot of long time players want East Asian subclasses in the game, even if those subclasses represent archetypes that are similar across different cultures, for the level with which Dungeons and Dragons relates to those archetypes. For some players, these subclasses are meant to represent characters from East Asian analogous cultures.
So, in this particular product, we have kensai, who are represented as dwarven warrior monks from Citadel Adbar, and samurai, who are Kozakuran adventurers. I want there to be more diverse representation in D&D, even though I'm not fond of overly Earth analogous countries in the Forgotten Realms. I would have rather had Kara-Tur representative characters that didn't have East Asian named subclasses in this supplement, so we can see what about a Samurai, in D&D, makes it an adventurer archetype, other than "East Asian Knight."
The choice I'm having the hardest time with, however, is with the Eldreth Veluuthra. The Eldreth Veluuthra were elf supremacists in previous editions of the setting. They first came about from families that disapproved of humans allying with elves to form Myth Drannor, and they decided that humans were vermin that needed to be exterminated, and that they needed to put elves in power that agreed with them, for the good of all elves.
In this product, the Eldreth Veluuthra are presented as having been "more extreme" in the past, but their main goal is "defending nature," and they were overzealous about that in the past. On one hand, I understand the difficulty of presenting a full-on racial supremacist organization, but on the other hand, "reforming" a racist organization in this era by saying they had some good ideas and just went astray, really does not sit well with me. It reminds me way too much of how many modern hate groups have survived to the modern-day. I am certain this isn't what the designers intended, but it echoes too much given my previous knowledge of the organization.
In fact, one of the reasons I liked having the Eldreth Veluuthra as villains in the past is that they represented the idea that elves are often considered "good," and these are clearly surface elves that are reprehensible and evil. It was an example of breaking biological alignment determinism, and it was an example of doing it by showing that racism is evil. I can understand trying to decouple any fantasy racism from the main narrative of the game, but I don't think the best way to do it is to reform an existing group that was specifically noted for their supremacist ways.
Champions of Valor
There are a wide range of stat blocks for anyone that wants more NPCs to use in their games, and with a wider variety of concepts based on the newer subclasses in D&D. In addition to more NPCs with a wider range of challenge ratings, some NPCs utilize other elements of the game that don't get used as often, such as goliath NPCs. Even if a game focuses on the Sword Coast, it's nice to have backgrounds based in the wider Realms to at least hint at the broader aspects of the setting, to make the world feel bigger and more diverse.
Champions of Ruin
I really wish the individual organizations had gotten a little more utilitarian write up, so that they could be used as factions for player characters, or better integrated into wider plots for the GMs. It's nice to see some information in 5e on these older regions and power groups, but it's great when that information doesn't have to be reverse-engineered from context. The issue with the Eldreth Veluuthra is probably going to vary a lot based on your previous knowledge of the group, but for me, it resonates too much with current real-world revisionism to not feel like a sour note.
Tenuous Recommendation–The product has positive aspects, but buyers may want to make sure the positive aspects align with their tastes before moving this up their list of what to purchase next.
I wanted just a bit more broad utility from this product, and I'll admit, I really have to think about how much unintentional parallels to the real-world subtract from the usefulness of a product, but at the moment, it definitely is something that weighs on me. Mechanically, these are great, but from a setting perspective, and with story context, I'm having a harder time giving it a broader recommendation.
tagged with Dungeon Masters Guild, Dungeons and Dragons 5th Edition Reviews, What Do I Know About Reviews

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jfk airport taxi fare calculator
Taxis between JFK Airport and the Manhattan area operate on a fixed rate (excluding tolls) of $52USD (€44). Start now to get your taxi fare! All Taxi fares in New York are calculated based on the minimum fare and fare for the subsequent Miles. Switch we so our view of it, what other Affected to the Preparation to reports have. CNET. Based on our experience of more than 31 Millions of price calculations since 2009, our calculated taxi prices are the most accurate on the Internet. Start address Minimum characters for address suggestions. ... New York taxi fare from JFK Terminal 8 to 180th St: USD $ 19 - Taxi Fare from jfk airport to bay shore Taxi; Airport ; Bus; Metro; What is Jackson Taxi Fare from jfk airport to bay shore? Taxi fare, phone numbers, local rates, & suggested trip routes. Taxi fare calculator in New York Estimate taxi fares from/to the airport, hotels, bars, monuments or anywhere in New York. Calculating the taxi fare. 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Taxi2Airport - Taxi To Airport - Enjoy the 5-Star Taxi Service www.taxi2airport.com. Taxi to New Delhi, Indira Gandhi Airport (DEL) Taxi to NYC, John F. Kennedy Intl (JFK) Taxi to NYC, La Guardia (LGA) Taxi to Paris, Roissy - Charles de Gaulle (CDG) It usually takes 41 minutes to reach Statue of Liberty from JFK International Airport which are 32.299 Miles apart. Construction, traffic, weather, recent rate increases and other unforeseeable events may impact JFK also has the highest international air travel in the world and has over 70 airlines. Calculate your Taxi Fare Dallas now! Taxi Jfk To Midtown . Full disclaimer at http://www.taxifarefinder.com/disclaimer.php. The fares are estimated using the fast-routing distance and the officiallocal taxi fares. Our taxi fare estimator gives you map, miles and complete driving directions. Taxi Fare Calculator Chicago . Estimate your taxicab fare & rates. They cannot be pre-booked over the phone. 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Kennedy Airport fixed fares apply for taxi rides to Manhattan. Does anyone know of a good taxi fare calculator that you can suggest? Calculate the price of your taxi trip in New York. Trips beyond city limits may be under flat rate or have the portion of the trip beyond the city limit doubled (Rate 4). Jfk Taxi Fare Manhattan Jfk Taxi Flat Rate Nyc Taxi Fare Calculator Articles & Shopping. 1111 Saint Johns Place, Brooklyn, New York 11213, United States to John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), JFK Expy, New York City, New York, 11430, United States of America: $40.95, Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR) to Times Square: $53.59, 446 Kingston Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11225, United States to 603 Burnside Avenue, Inwood, New York 11096, United States: $50.09, 3616 Church Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States to LaGuardia Airport (LGA), Grand Central Pkwy, New York City, New York, 11371, United States of America: $52.66, 1266 Myrtle Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, New York 11221, United States to 308 Harman Street, Brooklyn, New York, New York 11237, United States: $9.00, 260 Parkside Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11226, United States to 501 Gateway Drive Wb Rb, Brooklyn, New York 11239, United States: $31.43, 1776 Nostrand Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, New York 11226, United States to 462 1st Ave, Manhattan, New York, New York 10016, United States: $44.21, John F. 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Kennedy International Airport (JFK): $57.49, Grand Central to John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK): $56.00, John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), JFK Expy, Jfk Airport, New York 11430, United States to Astoria, Queens, Astoria, New York 11102, United States: $50.43, 147-28 Charter Road, Queens, New York 11435, United States to 179-24 Linden Boulevard, Queens, New York 11434, United States: $23.47, John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) to Times Square: $56.73, Penn Station to Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR): $54.02, LaGuardia Airport (LGA) to John F. 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Kennedy International Airport (JFK): $57.22, Midtown, Manhattan, New York, New York 10020, United States to New York, New York, United States: $9.55, LaGuardia Airport (LGA) to Manhattan (Downtown): $40.40, Port Jefferson, New York, United States to Port Jefferson Station, New York, United States: $12.92, Park Slope, Brooklyn, New York, New York 11215, United States to LaGuardia Airport (LGA), Grand Central Pkwy, New York, New York 11371, United States: $46.24, John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) to Harlem: $56.43, LaGuardia Airport (LGA) to Columbia University: $33.80, 870 7th Avenue, New York, New York 10019, United States to State Street, New York, New York 10004, United States: $30.47, John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) to Grand Central: $54.29, LaGuardia Airport (LGA) to Rockefeller Center: $35.14, Penn Station to LaGuardia Airport (LGA): $38.79, Times Square to LaGuardia Airport (LGA): $38.41, NYC Department of Finance Service Center, 144-06 94th Ave, New York, New York 11435, United States to Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States: $89.17, 625 8th Avenue, New York, New York 10018, United States to 104 Gold Street, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States: $31.05, 927 Dekalb Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11221, United States to 1014 East 92nd Street, Brooklyn, New York 11236, United States: $30.88, John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) to Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York, New York 11211, United States: $51.55, Empire State Building to World Trade Center: $25.12, LaGuardia Airport (LGA) to World Trade Center: $44.62, 1008 Saint Marks Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11213, United States to 9910 Seaview Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11236, United States: $31.32, 181 Rockaway Parkway, Brooklyn, New York 11212, United States to Myrtle Avenue and Carlton Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11238, United States: $26.06, LaGuardia Airport (LGA) to New York Marriott Marquis, 1535 Broadway, New York, New York 10036, United States: $36.99, Add $1.00 Peak Hour surcharge (4:00PM to 8:00PM, M-F). Just enter your origin and destination and the taxi fare calculator will give you an accurate estimate. Passengers of these JFK Taxis should also be keen and observant. Taxi fares in New York are calculated based on the minimum fare and fare for the subsequent Miles. Taxi Fare To Jfk Airport Yellow Cab Fare To Jfk. The ticket includes fare charge rules and information. How much costs a taxi in Dallas? TaxiFareFinder does not guarantee the accuracy of the information provided. Taxis impose a $4.50 surcharge during peak hours (4-8 p.m. weekdays, excluding holidays), for a fare of $56.50. NYC Yellow Taxis can only be street-hailed. They cannot be pre-booked over the phone. Taxi From Jfk To Manhattan. TaxiFareFinder is not associated with taxi companies or limo services. Jfk Taxi Fare Calculator Cab Fare Manhattan To Jfk. Taxi Fare Calculator Australia - Taxi Fare Rates ... Day ... Time There is also a NY State tax of 50 cents added to trips within New York, but not for trips to NJ. How much is the taxi fare to and from New York? Our taxi fare estimator gives you map, miles and complete driving directions. $2.50 upon entry $0.40 for each additional unit . USD $ 24 - Taxi Fare from jfk airport to Lga Taxi; Airport ; Bus; Metro; What is Philadelphia Taxi Fare from jfk airport to Lga? Taxi fares in New York are calculated based on the minimum fare and fare for the subsequent Miles. - Start calculation . 42.64 KM. New York Taxi Fare from JFK to Baltimore is USD $ 75. JFK Airport Taxi. One fare for all passengers will apply and has to be applied by these John F. Kennedy taxicabs. TaxiFareFinder does not guarantee the accuracy of the information provided. are based on the published rates provided by the respective municipalities for travel within city Exit your terminal at JFK Airport after retrieving any luggage from the baggage claim. New York Taxi Fare from jfk to flushing is USD $ 28. Follow signs or directions for the taxi stands, which are found outside each terminal. Nyc Taxi Fare Calculator. 693.83 KM. Taxi Fare Calculator In Shanghai . Taxi Fare. Plus 50 cents MTA State Surcharge for all trips that end in New York City or Nassau, Suffolk, Westchester, Rockland, Dutchess, Orange or Putnam Counties. John F. Kennedy International Airport, of kortgezegd JFK Airport ligt een aantal kilometers vanaf het centrum van de stad. NOTE: We do not provide fare estimates or taxi quotes over email. Please note that the fares estimated may vary from Newark Taxi Service fares and flat rates based on the fleet chosen. 12 Min. Latest News from. GO Airport Shuttle offers a shared shuttle service that fits up to 10 passengers, but the rate for a trip from North Bergen to JFK is about $205 per person. A prospective buyer should it not miss, the means itself to try, this is sure! All this data is included in the calculation of taxi costs. How much does a taxi cost from Jfk Airport, Ny to Downtown, Ny in New York, NY, USA It seems that we do not have fare information for this route yet. ... From: Clifton NJ 07012 USA To: JFK Airport, New York. With taxi rates and prices for more than 1000 international locations, Taxi Fare Finder is the proven, trusted trip companion for travelers around the world. Taxi Fare Day USD $ 44 Night USD $ 53 Airport USD $ 44 Peak USD $ 62 Taxi Fare … Destination address. Google Taxi Fare Calculator. JFK connects passengers traveling to and from New York with connecting flights to every major city in the world. This taxi cost estimation from JFK airport to Armonk, ny might be a bit outdated. NYC Yellow Taxis can only … DISCLAIMERThe route and fare calculations provided on this site are estimates only. ZDNet. 3. John F. Kennedy Airport Taxi and Car Service Information. Trips beyond city limits may be under flat rate or have the portion of the trip beyond the city limit doubled (Rate 4). JFK connects passengers traveling to and from New York with connecting flights to every major city in the world. CBS News. Taxi fare calculator in New York Estimate taxi fares from/to the airport, hotels, bars, monuments or anywhere in New York. Tampa Taxi Fare Calculator. Continuamente nos esforzamos por mejorar nuestro sitio web y agradecemos sus aportes. Up-to-date taxi fares from New Istanbul Airport to city center are below. New York Taxi Fare from JFK International Airport to Statue of Liberty is USD $ 54. Gallery How Far is Newark Liberty Airport from JFK Airport? New York rush hour is on weekdays from 4.00 PM to … Taxi fare calculator in New York Estimate taxi fares from/to the airport, hotels, bars, monuments or anywhere in New York. JFK Taxi Information: Important Tips: Tipping is customary for good service. Gamespot. from $215.00* New York Helicopter Tour: Ultimate Manhattan Sightseeing. 10 Mile. See all. Taxi Fare To Jfk Airport . Unit fare: - 1/5 of a mile, when the taxi is traveling at more than 6 miles/hour - 60 seconds when not in motion or traveling at less than 12 miles/hour. Antalya Airport to Akka Hotels Antedon. New York Taxi Fare from jfk to bayside is USD $ 34. TVGuide.com. Compare Fares & Book online. limits. At Taxi-Calculator.com we offer you the possibility to calculate your individual taxi fare estimation within a couple of seconds - worldwide and free. Taxi Fare Finder® is a registered trademark of Unleashed, LLC. 34.58 KM . Click Here To Reserve Now! Taxi Fare Calculator. That can be quite a lot if you're on a budget when visiting NYC. Low … Standard Metered Fare . New York, a taxi trip from Jfk International Airport to West 145th Street, New York, New York 10039 costs around $ 66.00. Taxi fare from JFK Airport to city centre. 17 Min. DISCLAIMERThe route and fare calculations provided on this site are estimates only. There is a $1.00USD Peak-Hour Surcharge between 16:00 to 20:00, Monday to Friday. JFK also has the highest international air travel in the world and has over 70 airlines. ADVERTENCIA: Al parecer, su explorador desactivó JavaScript. NYC Yellow Taxis can only be street-hailed. 1,036 Reviews . JFK Taxi Service provides the most reliable Airport Taxi Cab service to and from John F Kennedy International Airport (JFK) in New York. Taxi fare calculator in New York Estimate taxi fares from/to the airport, hotels, bars, monuments or anywhere in New York. Metacritic. Nyc Taxi Fare To Jfk. Compare us! iPhone App too! Uh, all taxi cabs leaving nyc airports are regulated by a taxi stand coordinator who asks where the passenger is going and writes that on a ticket for the driver and the passenger. $2.50 upon entry $0.40 for each additional unit . Popular Taxi Fare Estimates for New York, NY. What ever place you are visiting, use our taxi fare estimator to know the prices in advance. Best Way From Jfk To Manhattan. … Taxis are available at every terminal and there is a taxi stand where you will be directed to a taxi. The drive from North Bergen to JFK Airport can easily take an hour and a half, especially in traffic, but for people traveling in groups or with lots of luggage, it might be the simplest option. Taxi Fare Finder® is a registered trademark of Unleashed, LLC. are based on the published rates provided by the respective municipalities for travel within city Calculate the price of your taxi trip in New York. Home / Tag: jfk to ewr taxi fare. The meter must read $3.00 the moment you start the trip, except of course if you agreed for a flat rate offered for Manhattan trips. There is no additional charge for luggage and the cost is per car. This task we do advance run. Estimate your taxi fare anywhere, anytime. John F. Kennedy Airport Taxi and Car Service Information . JFK Airport Taxi Fare. on the information provided which is provided free of charge and for planning purposes only. This estimate was last updated on 12 December 2019, 7 months ago. The price of a taxi in Dallas depends on several factors. How much does taxicab cost from your airport? Taxi Fare Calculator Bus Fare Calculator Metro Fare Calculator Contact. Full disclaimer at http://www.taxifarefinder.com/disclaimer.php. Metacritic. Taxi fare calculator in New York Estimate taxi fares from/to the airport, hotels, bars, monuments or anywhere in New York. Best Seller . Unit fare: Latest News from. The fares You pay $ 52 for a taxi outside rush hour, during rush hour you pay $ 4.50 extra. Taxi naar JFK International Airport. Nyc Taxi Fare To Jfk. The taximeter willl combine fractional measures of distance and time in accruing a unit of fare. ZDNet. Save Up to 35% on your Airport Transfer. Please note that the fares estimated may vary from Newark Taxi Service fares and flat rates based on the fleet chosen. Yellow Cab Fare To Jfk warranties are hereby disclaimed and TaxiFareFinder denies any and all liability for a user's reliance limits. Sign up for our newsletter! If You taxi fare calculator melbourne airport to CBD not test, you are missing probably merely the Incentive, to at last the Things to change. Taxi Calculators - Airports By Region. Just enter your origin and destination and the taxi fare calculator will give you an accurate estimate. New York, a taxi trip from Armonk, Ny to Jfk Airport costs around $ 128.00. Taxi Fare To Jfk Airport . Taxi fares in New York are calculated based on the minimum fare and fare for the subsequent Miles. NOTA: No proporcionamos cálculos de tarifas ni presupuestos de taxis por correo electrónico. Deje sus comentarios, opiniones y preguntas a continuación. Taxis at JFK Airport charge a flat fare of $52 for trips between the airport and Manhattan. Jfk Ground Transportation To Manhattan. INTERNATIONAL TAXI FARE CALCULATOR Su última estimación de tarifa tenía un error. This taxi cost estimation from Clifton NJ 07012 USA to JFK Airport, New York might be a bit outdated. Impact of taxi fare calculator melbourne airport to CBD captured you particularly fast, if one clinical Studies shows in front of us and a thorough Look to the Attributes of Preparation throws. Taxi Singapore. Related: What are the most popular tours in New York City? Report inappropriate content . How much does a taxi cab cost from John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) in New York, NY? Taxi rides from JFK to Manhattan cost a flat fee of $52 + tip. So you're looking at approx. Plus 50 cents per 1/5 mile when traveling above 12mph or per 60 seconds in slow traffic or when the vehicle is stopped. 3. Tech Republic. on the information provided which is provided free of charge and for planning purposes only. Taxis at JFK Airport charge a flat fare of $52 for trips between the airport and Manhattan. New York rush hour is on weekdays from 4.00 PM to 8.00 PM, with the exception of public holidays. Popular Taxi Fare Estimates for New York, NY. Para comenzar, ingrese la información de su viaje en los campos que aparecen debajo del mapa. or alter the fare. Taxi fare, phone numbers, local rates, & … Excellent Service. Please try again. or alter the fare. Nyc Taxi Rates To Jfk. Taxi Fare Calculator; Rideshare Cost Comparison; Rate Chart; Newsroom; Change City: Tweet. With the official, today valid Taxi Rate Dallas from January 2012. What ever place you are visiting, use our taxi fare estimator to know the prices in advance.
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jfk airport taxi fare calculator 2021


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How do you push a transaction to the Bitcoin Cash Network?
And they do not seem to have a basic push endpoint.
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Bitcoin Cash: how to check address balance / transactions?
Is there an active testnet for Bitcoin Cash?
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Home | News | Press Releases | Press Release
Alcoa Named Leader in S&P Dow Jones Sustainability Indices
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PITTSBURGH--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Alcoa (NYSE:AA) has been recognized as a leader for environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance with its most recent inclusion in the S&P Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI).
The annual indices are a globally recognized listing of companies with strong ESG performance, and Alcoa has been included in the rankings since the DJSI's inception in 1999.
This year, Alcoa received an ESG score in the 96th percentile, placing it in the top tier of all global companies in Alcoa's industry peer group. The ranking also identified Alcoa as the aluminum industry's best in governance and economic criteria, a leader in the environmental dimension (biodiversity, environmental reporting, operational eco-efficiency, and water-related risks) and the social dimension (occupational health and safety and social reporting).
Alcoa's ESG ranking stems from the S&P Global Corporate Sustainability Assessment, an annual evaluation that included more than 13,000 global companies in 2022.
"Alcoa's continuous recognition via the DJSI indices affirms the important work we do to embed sustainability across our business and operations, beginning with responsible mining and active engagement with our communities," said Sonya Elam Harden, Alcoa's Executive Vice President and Chief External Affairs Officer. "At Alcoa, sustainability is one of our strategic priorities, and we have a vision to reinvent the aluminum industry."
Alcoa's vision is supported by its technology roadmap, which includes breakthrough technologies that have the potential to decarbonize the upstream aluminum supply chain, support the Company's ambition to reach net zero emissions by 2050, and provide a competitive advantage for the future.
The company is a member of the Aluminium Stewardship Initiative (ASI), the aluminum industry's most comprehensive, third-party system to verify responsible production practices, and also contributes to global sustainability initiatives via the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM.)
This year, Alcoa worked with the International Aluminium Institute (IAI) and Mission Possible Partnership (MPP) on a Sector Transition Strategy (STS) that sets out the potential for decarbonization in the aluminum sector aligned against achieving a 1.5°C scenario.
Recently, Alcoa was recognized by Newsweek magazine as one of America's Most Responsible Companies in the publication's annual ranking of approximately 2,000 publicly traded companies, including surveys from 11,000 U.S. residents. Alcoa was one of 500 companies featured, ranking in the materials and chemicals category.
To learn more about Alcoa's sustainability efforts, please visit www.alcoa.com/sustainability.
About Alcoa Corp.
Alcoa (NYSE: AA) is a global industry leader in bauxite, alumina and aluminum products with a vision to reinvent the aluminum industry for a sustainable future. With a values-based approach that encompasses integrity, operating excellence, care for people and courageous leadership, our purpose is to Turn Raw Potential into Real Progress. Since developing the process that made aluminum an affordable and vital part of modern life, our talented Alcoans have developed breakthrough innovations and best practices that have led to greater efficiency, safety, sustainability and stronger communities wherever we operate.
Dissemination of Company Information
Alcoa Corporation intends to make future announcements regarding company developments and financial performance through its website at www.alcoa.com, as well as through press releases, filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, conference calls and webcasts.
James Dwyer
James.Dwyer@alcoa.com
Jim Beck
Jim.Beck@alcoa.com
Source: Alcoa
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text:
import sublime

import sys
import threading

import hashlib

# Helper module
try:
    from .helper import H
except:
    from helper import H

# Settings variables
try:
    from . import settings as S
except:
    import settings as S

# DBGp protocol constants
try:
    from . import dbgp
except:
    import dbgp

try:
    from . import grld
except:
    import grld

# Config module
from .config import get_value

# Log module
from .log import debug, info

# Protocol module
from .protocol import ProtocolConnectionException

# Util module
from .util import get_real_path

# View module
from .view import DATA_CONTEXT, DATA_STACK, DATA_WATCH, DATA_COROUTINES, DATA_EVALUATE, TITLE_WINDOW_WATCH, generate_context_output, generate_stack_output, generate_coroutines_output, has_debug_view, render_regions, show_content, show_file, show_panel_content

ACTION_BREAK = "action_break"
ACTION_EVALUATE = "action_evaluate"
ACTION_EXECUTE = "action_execute"
ACTION_INIT = "action_init"
ACTION_REMOVE_BREAKPOINT = "action_remove_breakpoint"
ACTION_SET_BREAKPOINT = "action_set_breakpoint"
ACTION_STATUS = "action_status"
ACTION_USER_EXECUTE = "action_user_execute"
ACTION_WATCH = "action_watch"
ACTION_SET_CURRENT_STACK_LEVEL = "action_set_current_stack_level"
ACTION_SET_SELECTED_THREAD = "action_set_selected_thread"

def is_connected(show_status=False):
    """
    Check if client is connected to debugger engine.

    Keyword arguments:
    show_status -- Show message why client is not connected in status bar.
    """
    if S.PROTOCOL and S.PROTOCOL.connected:
        return True
    elif S.PROTOCOL and show_status:
        sublime.status_message('GRLD: Waiting for response from debugger engine.')
    elif show_status:
        sublime.status_message('GRLD: No GRLD session running.')
    return False

def is_execution_broken():
    return S.BREAKPOINT_ROW or S.BREAKPOINT_EXCEPTION

def connection_error(exception):
    """
    Template for showing error message on connection error/loss.

    Keyword arguments:
    message -- Exception/reason of connection error/loss.
    """
    info("Connection lost with debugger engine.")
    debug(message)
    # Reset connection

    with S.PROTOCOL as protocol:
        protocol.disconnect(exception)
        #protocol.clear()

    # Render breakpoint markers
    #render_regions()

def update_socket_loop():
    if not S.PROTOCOL:
        return

    try:
        with S.PROTOCOL as protocol:
            protocol.update()
    except ProtocolConnectionException as e:
        protocol.disconnect(e)
        return

    sublime.set_timeout(lambda: sublime.status_message('GRLD: Connected'), 0)
    sublime.set_timeout_async(update_socket_loop, 100)

class SocketHandler(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, action, **options):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.action = action
        self.options = options
        self.current_thread = 'current' # thread currently running in Lua (since the last time execution stopped)
        self.selected_thread = 'current' # selected thread from UI
        self.current_stack_level = 1

    def get_option(self, option, default_value=None):
        if option in self.options.keys():
            return self.options[option]
        return default_value

    def run_command(self, command, args=None):
        if not isinstance(args, dict):
            args = {}
        self.timeout(lambda: self._run_command(command, args))

    def _run_command(self, command, args=None):
        try:
            sublime.active_window().run_command(command, args)
        except:
            # In case active_window() is not available
            pass

    def run_view_command(self, command, args=None):
        if not isinstance(args, dict):
            args = {}
        self.timeout(lambda: self._run_view_command)

    def _run_view_command(self, command, args=None):
        try:
            sublime.active_window().active_view().run_command(command, args)
        except:
            # In case there is no active_view() available
            pass

    def status_message(self, message):
        sublime.set_timeout(lambda: sublime.status_message(message), 100)

    def timeout(self, function):
        sublime.set_timeout(function, 0)

    def run(self):
        # Make sure an action is defined
        if not self.action:
            return
        try:
            S.SESSION_BUSY = True
            # Evaluate
            if self.action == ACTION_BREAK:
                self.execute_break()
            elif self.action == ACTION_EVALUATE:
                self.evaluate(self.get_option('expression'), self.get_option('view'))
            # Execute
            elif self.action == ACTION_EXECUTE:
                self.execute(self.get_option('command'))
            # Init
            elif self.action == ACTION_INIT:
                self.init()
            # Remove breakpoint
            elif self.action == ACTION_REMOVE_BREAKPOINT:
                self.remove_breakpoint(self.get_option('filename'), self.get_option('lineno'))
            # Set breakpoint
            elif self.action == ACTION_SET_BREAKPOINT:
                # TODO: support conditional bps
                active = True # self.get_option('expression')
                self.set_breakpoint(self.get_option('filename'), self.get_option('lineno'), active)
            # Status
            elif self.action == ACTION_STATUS:
                self.status()
            # User defined execute
            elif self.action == ACTION_USER_EXECUTE:
                self.user_execute(self.get_option('command'), self.get_option('args'))
            # Watch expression
            elif self.action == ACTION_WATCH:
                self.watch_expression()
            elif self.action == ACTION_SET_CURRENT_STACK_LEVEL:
                self.set_current_stack_level(self.get_option('stack_level'))
                pass
            elif self.action == ACTION_SET_SELECTED_THREAD :
                self.set_current_stack_level(self.get_option('selected_thread'))
                pass
        # Show dialog on connection error
        except ProtocolConnectionException as e:
            self.timeout(lambda: connection_error(e))
        finally:
            S.SESSION_BUSY = False

    def execute_break(self):
        with S.PROTOCOL as protocol:
            protocol.send('break', 'running')

    def evaluate(self, expression, view):
        if not expression or not is_connected():
            return
        # Send 'eval' command to debugger engine with code to evaluate
        response = self.evaluate_expression(expression, self.current_thread, self.current_stack_level)

        transformed_response = self.transform_grld_eval_response(response)
        response_str = generate_context_output(transformed_response, values_only=True, multiline=False)

        self.timeout(lambda: view.run_command('grld_update_evaluate_line_response', {'response': response_str}))

    def execute(self, command):
        # Do not execute if no command is set
        if not command or not is_connected():
            return

        # Reset previous breakpoint values
        S.BREAKPOINT_EXCEPTION = None
        S.BREAKPOINT_ROW = None
        S.CONTEXT_DATA.clear()
        self.watch_expression()

        # Send command to debugger engine
        with S.PROTOCOL as protocol:
            protocol.send(command)

        if command == grld.RUN:
            self.run_command('grld_layout')

        #self.timeout(lambda: render_regions())

    def get_value(self, grld_id):
        with S.PROTOCOL as protocol:
            protocol.send('getValue')
            protocol.send(grld_id)
            response = protocol.read()

        return response

    def is_table(self, variable):
        if type(variable) != dict: return False
        if 'value' not in variable: return False
        value = variable['value']
        if type(value) != dict: return False
        if 'type' not in value: return False

        return value['type'] == 'table'

    def transform_grld_table(self, table_variable, parent_table_refs):
        name = table_variable['name']
        table_values = table_variable['value']
        table_ref = table_values['short']
        id = table_values['id']
        type = table_values['type']
        assert type == 'table', "table_variable passed to transform_grld_table must of type 'table'"

        parent_table_refs.append(table_ref)

        table_children = self.get_value(id)
        transformed_children = {}
        for i, child in table_children.items():

            if self.is_table(child):
                child_table_ref = child['value']['short']
                if child_table_ref in parent_table_refs: # special value if table child is a reference to the table itself (avoid infinite recursion)
                    idx = parent_table_refs.index(child_table_ref)
                    num_tables_up_from_child = len(parent_table_refs) - idx - 1
                    if num_tables_up_from_child == 0:
                        description = '<circular reference to this table>'
                    else:
                        description = '<circular reference to a parent table {} levels up>'.format(num_tables_up_from_child)

                    transformed_children[i] =  {'name': child['name'], 'type':'table-ref', 'value': description}
                else:
                    transformed_children[i] = self.transform_grld_variable(child, parent_table_refs)
            else:
                transformed_children[i] = self.transform_grld_variable(child, parent_table_refs)

        return {'name': name, 'type': type, 'value': table_ref, 'numchildren': len(transformed_children.keys()), 'children': transformed_children}

    def transform_grld_variable(self, variable, parent_table_refs=None):
        name = variable['name']

        # if nothing is returned, GRLD returns {name = '<no result'>}
        if not 'value' in variable:
            return {'name': '', 'value': name, 'type': ''}

        if self.is_table(variable):
            return self.transform_grld_table(variable, parent_table_refs or []) #handle tables separately

        value = variable['value']
        if type(value) == dict:
            value_type = value['type']
            value = value['short']
        else:
            if type(value) == bool:
                value_type = 'boolean'
            elif type(value) == int or type(value) == float:
                value_type = 'number'
            elif type(value) == str:
                value_type = 'string'
            else:
                value_type = '?'

        return {'name': name, 'value': str(value), 'type': value_type}

    def transform_grld_eval_response(self, eval_response, scope=None):
        transformed = {}
        for i, var in eval_response.items():
            transformed_item = self.transform_grld_variable(var)

            if scope:
                name = "(%s) %s" % (scope, transformed_item['name'])
                transformed_item['name'] = name
            else:
                name = transformed_item['name']

            transformed[i] = transformed_item

        return transformed

    def transform_grld_context_response(self, context_response, scope):
        return self.transform_grld_eval_response(context_response, scope)

    def get_context_values(self, thread, stack_level):
        """
        Get variables in current context.
        """
        if not is_connected():
            return

        context = H.new_dictionary()
        try:
            # local variables
            #if get_value(S.KEY_SUPER_GLOBALS):
            with S.PROTOCOL as protocol:
                protocol.send("locals")
                protocol.send(thread)
                protocol.send(stack_level)
                response = protocol.read()
                properties = self.transform_grld_context_response(response, "local")
                context.update(properties)

                # upvalues
                protocol.send("upvalues")
                protocol.send(thread)
                protocol.send(stack_level)
                response = protocol.read()
                properties = self.transform_grld_context_response(response, "upvalue")
                context.update(properties)
        except ProtocolConnectionException as e:
            self.timeout(lambda: connection_error(e))

        # Store context variables in session
        S.CONTEXT_DATA = context

        return generate_context_output(context)

    def get_stack_values(self):
        """
        Get stack information for current context.
        """
        response = None
        if is_connected():
            try:
                with S.PROTOCOL as protocol:
                    # Get stack information
                    protocol.send("callstack")
                    protocol.send(self.current_thread)
                    response = protocol.read()
            except ProtocolConnectionException as e:
                self.timeout(lambda: connection_error(e))

        #response should be something like: {"1": {"name": <name of thing>, "namewhat": (global|local|method|field|''), "what": (Lua, C, main), "source": @<filename>, "line": line in file}}
        return response

    def evaluate_expression(self, expression, thread, stack_level):
        try:
            with S.PROTOCOL as protocol:
                protocol.send('evaluate')
                protocol.send('=' + expression) #TODO: should we always add '='?
                protocol.send(thread)
                protocol.send(stack_level)

                response = protocol.read()
        except ProtocolConnectionException as e:
            self.timeout(lambda: connection_error(e))

        return response

    def get_watch_values(self, thread, stack_level):
        """
        Evaluate all watch expressions in current context.
        """

        for index, item in enumerate(S.WATCH):
            # Reset value for watch expression
            S.WATCH[index]['value'] = None

            # Evaluate watch expression when connected to debugger engine
            if is_connected():
                if item['enabled']:
                    watch_value = self.evaluate_expression(item['expression'], thread, stack_level)

                    S.WATCH[index]['value'] = self.transform_grld_eval_response(watch_value)

    def init(self):
        if not is_connected():
            return

        with S.PROTOCOL as protocol:
            protocol.register_command_cb('break', (lambda filename, line: self.handle_break_command(filename, line)))
            protocol.register_command_cb('synchronize', (lambda: self.handle_synchronize_command()))
            # Connection initialization
            client_name = protocol.read()

            # # Set breakpoints for files
            for filename, breakpoint_data in S.BREAKPOINT.items():
                if breakpoint_data:
                    for lineno, bp in breakpoint_data.items():
                        if bp['enabled']:
                            # TODO: support conditional bps
                            active = True #bp['expression']
                            self.set_breakpoint(filename, lineno, active)
                            debug('breakpoint_set: ' + filename + ':' + lineno)

            if get_value(S.KEY_BREAK_ON_START):
                protocol.send("break", "running")

        update_socket_loop()

        #self.timeout(lambda: render_regions())

    def remove_breakpoint(self, filename, lineno):
        if not is_connected():
            return

        self.set_breakpoint(filename, lineno, False)

    def set_breakpoint(self, filename, lineno, active=True):
        if not filename or not lineno or not is_connected():
            return

        with S.PROTOCOL as protocol:
            # Get path of file on server
            fileuri = get_real_path(filename, True)
            # Set breakpoint
            protocol.send("setbreakpoint", "running")
            protocol.send({"source": fileuri, "line": int(lineno), "value": active}, "running")

        #self.timeout(lambda: render_regions())

    def set_exception(self, exception):
        if not is_connected():
            return

        with S.PROTOCOL as protocol:
            protocol.send(dbgp.BREAKPOINT_SET, t='exception', x='"%s"' % exception)
            response = protocol.read()

    def status(self):
        raise NotImplementedError('status is not implemented yet')
        #if not is_connected():
        #    return

        #with S.PROTOCOL as protocol:
        #    # Send 'status' command to debugger engine
        #    protocol.send(dbgp.STATUS)
        #    response = protocol.read()

        ## Show response in status bar
        #self.status_message("GRLD status: " + response.get(dbgp.ATTRIBUTE_REASON) + ' - ' + response.get(dbgp.ATTRIBUTE_STATUS))

    def user_execute(self, command, args=None):
        if not command or not is_connected():
            return

        with S.PROTOCOL as protocol:
            # Send command to debugger engine
            protocol.send(command, args)
            response = protocol.read(return_string=True)

        # Show response data in output panel
        self.timeout(lambda: show_panel_content(response))

    def watch_expression(self, thread=None, stack_level=None):
        if not thread:
            thread = self.current_thread

        if not stack_level:
            stack_level = self.current_stack_level

        # Evaluate watch expressions
        self.get_watch_values(thread, stack_level)
        # Show watch expression
        self.timeout(lambda: self._watch_expression(self.get_option('check_watch_view', False)))

    def _watch_expression(self, check_watch_view):
        # Do not show if we only want to show content when Watch view is not available
        if check_watch_view and not has_debug_view(TITLE_WINDOW_WATCH):
            return

        show_content(DATA_WATCH)

        #self.timeout(lambda: render_regions())

    def set_current_stack_level(self, stack_level):
        self.current_stack_level = stack_level

    def set_selected_thread(self, selected_thread):
        self.selected_thread = selected_thread

    def get_all_coroutines(self):
        with S.PROTOCOL as protocol:
            protocol.send('coroutines')
            response = protocol.read()

        count = len(response.keys())
        response[count + 1] = {'id': 'main'} # always include a 'main' coroutine. This is how GRLD references the main Lua thread.

        return response

    def update_current_thread(self, coroutines_dict):
        with S.PROTOCOL as protocol:
            protocol.send('currentthread')
            current_thread = protocol.read()

        # GRLD only passes back co-routines that are NOT 'main'. So, if current_thread is not in the list, then 'main' is the current thread.
        coroutine_ids = (coroutine_descriptor['id'] for coroutine_descriptor in coroutines_dict.values())
        if current_thread not in coroutine_ids:
            current_thread = 'main'

        self.current_thread = current_thread

    def update_contextual_data(self, thread, stack_level):
        # Context variables
        context = self.get_context_values(thread, stack_level)
        self.timeout(lambda: show_content(DATA_CONTEXT, context))

        # Watch expressions
        self.watch_expression(thread, stack_level)

        # Render breakpoint markers
        #self.timeout(lambda: render_regions())

    def handle_break_command(self, filename, line):
        S.SESSION_BUSY = True
        filename = get_real_path(filename)

        # Show debug/status output
        self.status_message('GRLD: Break')
        info('Break: ' + filename )
        # Store line number of breakpoint for displaying region marker
        S.BREAKPOINT_ROW = { 'filename': filename, 'lineno': str(line) }

        # Focus/Open file window view
        self.timeout(lambda: show_file(filename, line))

        coroutines_dict = self.get_all_coroutines()

        self.update_current_thread(coroutines_dict)

        coroutines_str = generate_coroutines_output(coroutines_dict, self.current_thread)
        self.timeout(lambda: show_content(DATA_COROUTINES, coroutines_str))

        # Stack history
        stack = self.get_stack_values()
        if stack:
            stack_levels = [int(level) for level in stack.keys()]
            min_stack_level =  min(stack_levels)
            self.current_stack_level = min_stack_level
            stack_str = generate_stack_output(stack)
        else:
            stack_str = H.unicode_string('[{level}] {filename}.{where}:{lineno}\n' \
                                        .format(level=0, where='{main}', lineno=1, filename=fileuri))

        self.timeout(lambda: show_content(DATA_STACK, stack_str))

        self.update_contextual_data(self.current_thread, self.current_stack_level)

        #self.timeout(lambda: render_regions())

        S.SESSION_BUSY = False

    def handle_synchronize_command(self):
        S.SESSION_BUSY = True

        with S.PROTOCOL as protocol:
            # synchronize expects us to return the # of active breakpoints (this is actually not implemented, we MUST return 0 here)
            protocol.send(0)

            # next we need to send the "breakOnConnection" value, this is configurable, but we'll just always return false for now
            protocol.send(False)

        S.SESSION_BUSY = False

class SessionException(Exception):
    pass

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
NFL Week 3 Review: Bills-Patriots and Lions-Vikings
Opposing Views Staff
Welcome to Week Three's edition of selected game recaps, where we take an objective look at the subjective best of the week's games, including:
New England at Buffalo, in which the Bills make their presence as contenders official.
Detroit at Minnesota, in which the Vikings prove allergic to leads again.
Buffalo 34, New England 31
Tom Brady thew four interceptions last season. He threw four interceptions Sunday against the Buffalo Bills.
Brady wasn't going to go another season with an interception rate below one percent. Only Steve DeBerg's 1990 campaign with the Kansas City Chiefs (four intereceptions in 444 attempts) joins Brady's 2010 as seasons with 400 or more attempts and fewer than 1% interceptions. And we know Brady is going to throw 400 passes this year if he stays healthy -- he's on pace to hit 399 by week nine and on pace for the first 700 attempt season of all time.
But Sunday wasn't regression to the mean. Sunday was regression above and beyond the mean. For Brady this season, five interceptions hardly represents the disaster it would for most players. Matt Cassel also has five picks, but they've come in 51 fewer passing attempts. According to INT+, which normalizes interception rates such that 100 is average (and higher means better/fewer interceptions), Cassel sits at a dismal 65. Brady isn't where Brady should be, but his mark of 91 is merely below average, not awful nor outlandish for a three game sample.
The problem is in the timing.
Sunday's interception binge began in the second quarter with the Patriots just 13 yards away from a touchdown with a chance to go up by three scores yet again in the second. The second ended the Patriots first drive of the second half around midfield. The third squelched a drive within three yards of the red zone with a mere seven point lead. The fourth and final proved too sharp a dagger, as a tie game became a seven-point deficit once Drayton Florence carried it over the plane and into the end zone.
Ryan Fitzpatrick threw two interceptions of his own, but they weren't nearly as costly. One came on a 4th down from the New England 35 and was basically an incomplete pass. The other one hurt -- it killed an early Buffalo drive with the Bills already trailing by seven. One of the Four Truths of football from Bill Connelly of SB Nation and Football Outsiders is that you can't win a game in the first quarter, but you can lose one. This game would've been the perfect illustration, had it not been for Brady's interceptions illustrating point number two: big plays win games. Observe, the massive impact of these picks, in terms of WPA and EPA lost:
Click to slightly embiggen
In a three point game, Brady's interceptions cost the Patriots a total of 18.8 expected points and a net of 12.3 expected points against Ryan Fitzpatrick's interceptions. Brady played very well outside of these four plays, ending with 11.2 total EPA and a +0.36 WPA. But on this given Sunday, an afternoon with uncharacteristically poor ball security was a crucial reason why Brady's Patriots are now looking up at Fitzpatrick's Bills.
Detroit 26, Minnesota 23 (OT)
As a Numbers Guy™, I am very wary of trends based on small sample sizes. This week, the trend du jour circa 1:30 PM Central Time was the Vikings' inability to hold leads: through two games, the Vikings blew two huge leads, taking win probabilities of at least 82% into half time. Come halftime against Detroit, and the Vikings held a 20-0 lead and a 95% win probability. This Numbers Guy™ wasn't buying into the trend.
That's the thing about probability though. The chances of the Vikings going out and blowing these three leads in a row is 0.00063 (1 in 1587, roughly), but the chances of any team doing it over three games? There are enough three game stretches played over the course of a season where we at least get into the realm of possibility. The Vikings just happen to be in that one special three-game stretch.
The Vikings coaching staff will likely be panned for going away from the running game in the second half. -- Adrian Peterson said he "can't explain it" himself on Tuesday. After picking up 114 yards and a score on 18 rushes in the first half (6.33 yards per carry), the Vikings abandoned the run in the second half, only rushing eight times against 19 passing plays as the Lions stormed back.
But let's not ignore just how ineffective those eight rushes were. The Vikings lost two yards on these plays, racked up a whopping -5.4 EPA, and let 21 points of win probability slip through their fingers. Although it's difficult to envision any team, let alone one with Adrian Peterson, fail so thoroughly in the running game, we should have seen a second half drop-off coming. The Vikings managed two big runs (43 and 39 respectively) when Peterson hit the second level and beyond, but he couldn't consistently get past the first level. On no other occasion did the Vikings' run attack gain more than eight yards, and overall they finished with a 39% success rate in the first half.
That's not usually a precursor to a 1-for-8 success rate in the second half, and a cogent argument could certainly be made for sticking to the run despite the repeated failure -- the Vikings could still run clock, Adrian Peterson is probably too good for such a poor streak to be sustained, the Vikings pass attack isn't great, et cetera -- but the ineffectiveness of the running game was as much to blame as the lack of attempts it was given.
The Vikings' pass attack wasn't successful either, compiling -6.5 EPA and -0.15 WPA over its 23 attempts in the second half. Credit is certainly due to the Lions' offense as well -- Matthew Stafford continued to impress, putting up +.36 WPA, +11.6 EPA, and 6.6 AYPA, and, not coincidentally, Calvin Johnson (9.8 yards per target) and Brandon Pettigrew (8.6 yards per target, non-Stafford game high 8.8 EPA) impressed with their duties in the air attack.
At this point, the Vikings are pretty clearly better than an 0-3 record -- a team simply doesn't put together the kinds of first halves Minnesota has by accident. But with the Lions atop the NFC North at 3-0 along with the Green Bay Packers, it might already be a case of too late, regardless of how much or how little we see from Minnesota in weeks four through sixteen.
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