Nottingham-based Wet Arts Company commissioned myself and composer Stephanie Smith to write several pieces for a concert they named Two Women Good Music at the Congregational Hall, Nottingham in 1995.
Miracle in Macondo (25') was influenced by the rhythms of flamenco music and featured the orchestra clapping as well as playing their instruments.
Escape (8') was inspired by the end scene from my favourite film, Truffaut's Quatre Cent Coups, in which the lead character escapes from his juvenile delinquent centre. The camera follows him as he runs and runs, eventually reaching the sea.
I developed Drinking the Tamar from a smaller ensemble piece, with mentoring by Judith Weir while I was at university.
An Den Mond was composed for orchestra and choir, incorporating the words from An Den Mond, a poem by the poet Stephen Sheil.


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Mineral Roundup in northern B.C.
Producing mines
Thompson Creek Metals Co. operates the Endako Mine, a molybdenum producer for more than 40 years. Located near Fraser Lake in northern British Columbia, Endako includes three open pits, a mill and a roasting facility, and is operated as a joint venture, with Thompson Creek holding a 75 percent interest and Japan-based Sojitz Corp. having the remaining 25 percent. The miner produced 25 million to 26 million pounds of moly in 2008. Due to a sharp drop in molybdenum prices last year, Thompson Creek decided recently to scale back planned 2009 production at Endako and curtail $300 million in capital spending, including an expansion of the mine.
Hawthorne Gold Corp. completed surface and underground rehabilitation of the historic Table Mountain mine site in 2008.
In April, Hawthorne acquired Cusac Gold Mines Ltd. and immediately consolidated the Cassiar Gold Camp near Highway No. 37 by staking and incorporating 56,300 hectares, or 23,361 acres, surrounding the existing mine into its work plan.
Table Mountain has a permitted and operating mill and tailings facility, 13 adits-portals and about 25 kilometers, or 16 miles, of underground infrastructure.
The junior intends to begin production in late 2009.
Hawthorne is completing a digital geological model of all previous mining operations and exploration projects at Table Mountain and the nearby Taurus Project.
The Taurus deposit hosts an NI 43-101-compliant inferred gold resource estimate of 1.04 million ounces consisting of 32.4 million metric tons at a gold grade of 1.0 g/t.
The junior is also exploring the Taurus II property for potential additional gold for mill feed.
Northgate Minerals Corp. produced 185,162 ounces of gold and 51.9 million pounds of copper from the Kemess South Mine in 2008.
Located in north-central British Columbia, the Kemess South complex consists of an open-pit mine, a 52,000-metric-ton-per-day mill and camp for 400 full-time employees.
In March, the British Columbia government accepted a review panel recommendation that Northgate not be allowed to proceed with development of the nearby Kemess North deposit.
The miner had hoped to produce 4.1 million ounces of gold and 1.5 billion pounds of copper reserves at Kemess North and extend mine operations at the Kemess South camp by 12 years.
After Northgate received the negative review in October 2007, the company wrote off its $32 million investment in the project.
Barrick Gold Corp. closed the Eskay Creek Mine in the first quarter of 2008 after 12 years of operation and production of more than 3.5 million ounces of gold and 170 million ounces of silver.
The mine, which employed 800 workers at peak production, was located in northwestern British Columbia near Stewart. In 2007, Eskay Creek produced 68,000 ounces of gold at total cash costs of negative $188 per ounce of gold, net of silver by-product credits.
Ongoing exploration by Kenrich-Eskay Mining Corp. on claims optioned from St. Andrew Goldfields Ltd. and by Hathor Exploration Ltd. as well as Barrick Gold on 300,000 acres of claims in and around the historic Eskay gold camp bodes well for additional mineral production in the area.
Advanced stage exploration projects
Redcorp Ventures Ltd. and its subsidiary, Redfern Resources Ltd., are pursuing the reopening of the Tulsequah Chief project, an underground zinc-copper-lead-gold-silver mine that closed in 1957.The junior estimated enough mineral reserves at Tulsequah for eight years of production, with a strong likelihood that more ore may be found at greater depth and immediately adjacent to the known orebody.
Redfern continued construction of infrastructure and facilities for a 2,000-metric-ton-per-day mine in 2008 and worked to obtain permits for an unusual transportation system on the Taku River in Alaska.
The junior proposes to move ore produced at Tulsequah to Juneau, where it would be transferred to conventional vessels bound for the Skagway Ore Terminal.
The ore then would be loaded onto oceangoing vessels for shipment to smelters in Asia.
Adanac Molybdenum Corp. spent 2008 pursuing development of the Ruby Creek Molybdenum Project in northwestern British Columbia near the Alaska and Yukon Territory borders.
Ruby Creek has a 2006 NI 43-101-compliant measured and indicated mineral resource of 212.9 million metric tons of 0.063 percent molybdenum at a 0.04 percent cutoff.
A resource update based on 50 holes of drilling in 2007 and 2008 is underway.
Adanac is working on an open pit mine at Ruby Creek with annual average production of 11.3 million pounds molybdenum for the first six years.
Recently, the junior sought protection from creditors and undertook restructuring, including shrinking its work force by 70 percent, demobilizing the Ruby Creek site, and repaying a portion of its secured debt.
Adanac hopes to attract investors for the Ruby Creek project, but also seeks buyers for the company or its assets.
Fortune Minerals Ltd.'s Mount Klappan coal project in northwest British Columbia contains one of the world's largest undeveloped resources of high rank anthracite coal.
The four resource areas at Mount Klappan are the Lost Fox, Hobbit-Broatch, Sumitt and Nass deposits.
Collectively, these contain measured, indicated and inferred resources of 107.9 million metric tons, 123 million metric tons, and 2.572 billion metric tons, respectively.
The Lost Fox deposit was recently assessed in a full bankable feasibility study by Marston Canada Ltd. indicating very attractive rates of return for the development under a variety of production and coal price scenarios.
Fortune is seeking potential strategic partners and is evaluating potential transactions for advancing the Mount Klappan project.
Copper Fox Metals is focused on developing the Schaft Creek Project 45 kilometers, or 28 miles, west of the Stewart-Cassiar Highway in northwestern British Columbia to first production in 2013.
According to a September 2008 pre-feasibility study, Schaft Creek, one of the largest copper-gold deposits in Canada, hosts a measured and indicated resource of 1.4 billion metric tons containing 4.76 billion pounds of copper, 4.5 million troy ounces of gold, 32.5 million troy ounces of silver, and 255.2 million pounds of molybdenum, with potential for expansion.
Copper Fox has earned 70 percent of the 93.4 percent interest it has the right to acquire in the project from Teck Resources Ltd. Copper Fox is currently preparing a bankable feasibility study of a 100,000 t/d open pit mine with a mine life of 22-plus years.
If the study results are positive, Teck has the right to partner with Copper Fox in the project.
Imperial Metals Corp. acquired the Red Chris copper-gold deposit in northwestern British Columbia in 2007.
Exploration since indicates the copper-gold deposit 18 kilometers, or about 11 miles, southeast of Iskut, B.C., is likely much larger than a 2005 resource estimate of 446 million metric tons, grading 0.36 percent copper and 0.29 grams per metric ton gold.
Imperial is working to develop Red Chris as an open pit mine with a 30,000 t/d process plant and a 25-year mine life with known reserves.
Development of the deposit is contingent upon several factors, including construction of a power line to the area, currently being considered by the B.C. government.
In 2008, the project cleared both provincial and federal environmental reviews, but MiningWatch Canada challenged the project in the courts.
In December, the Supreme Court of Canada agreed to hear an appeal in the case, a process expected to take a year.
Galore Creek, one of the largest and highest-grade undeveloped porphyry-related copper-gold-silver deposits in North America, spent 2008 in a holding pattern.
Novagold Resources Inc. and Teck Cominco Ltd., 50-50 owners of the project, abruptly curtailed project construction in late 2007 when cost projections for the venture nearly doubled earlier estimates, leaping to potentially $5 billion.
A January 2008, NI 43-101-compliant report estimated the Galore Creek deposit contains 785.7 million metric tons of measured and indicated resources at a 0.21 percent copper equivalent cut-off grade, grading 0.52 percent copper, 0.37 g/t gold, and 4.4 g/t silver; and 357.7 million metric tons of inferred resources, grading 0.36 percent copper, 0.18 g/t gold, and 3.7 g/t silver.
After months of working to develop a more cost-effective plan with a new feasibility study, the partners opted in early 2009 to put the project on care and maintenance indefinitely.
Teck cited difficulties related to low metals prices and tight credit markets as key factors in the decision..
Terrane Metals Corp. modified its development plan in late 2008 for the Mt. Milligan porphyry-style copper-gold deposit in central British Columbia in response to the recent credit crisis.
Terrane purchased the project in 2006 after the previous owner, Placer Dome Inc., was acquired by Barrick Gold Corp., and has rapidly advanced the project toward production in 2012.
A March 2008 feasibility study outlined a conventional truck-shovel open pit mine at Mt. Milligan with a 60,000-metric-ton-per-day copper flotation concentrator at a capital cost of $917 million.
Annual production over a 15.3-year mine life is forecast to average 88 million pounds of copper and 217,000 ounces of gold.
Terrane modified its plans in late 2008 to minimize project risk in 2009.
The junior intends to begin construction in the third quarter.
Sable Resources Ltd. is focused on the development and exploration of its 58 square kilometers of gold- and silver-related properties in the Toodoggone region of northern British Columbia, which hosts low-grade, large tonnage copper-gold porphyry deposits, such as Northgate Mineral's Kemess Mine, and high-grade, low-tonnage gold-silver epithermal deposits, such as Sable's Baker and Shasta mines and the nearby historic Cheni mine.
Sable owns a fully-permitted 250-t/d mill and supporting infrastructure.
During the past year, Sable has pursued underground development, mill rehabilitation, an 8,000 metric-ton bulk sample extraction, tailings facility expansion, and other improvements to meet new regulatory compliance requirements.
Sherwood Copper Corp., which merged with Capstone Mining Co., in November, acquired the high-grade Kutcho Project in May from Western Keltic Mines Ltd. in an effort to diversify its assets.
Kutcho hosts a high grade copper-zinc-gold-silver deposit in northwestern British Columbia about 120 kilometers southeast of Dease Lake.
The new owner resumed the permitting process and engaged local First Nations and stakeholders in consultation, while studying lower-cost ways to advance Kutcho's toward production.
Capstone recently updated a resources estimate for Kutcho, saying it contains more than 12 million metric tons of ore, at a 3.7 percent copper-equivalent grade, with more than 492.4 million pounds of copper, 653.8 million lbs. of zinc, 121,000 ounces gold and 10.86 million ounces silver in contained metal.
Early stage exploration projects
Northern British Columbia has experienced a spurt in mining exploration in recent years due high commodities prices and heightened interest in under-explored regions of the province. Companies have various early-stage projects underway. Among them:
Columbia Yukon Explorations Inc. has been exploring the Storie molybdenum deposit for the past three years, since acquiring rights to do so from Calgary-based Eveready Resources Corp. Storie is located 6 kilometers, or about 4 miles, south of the former Cassiar mining camp near Highway 37 in northwestern British Columbia.
The property has a historic NI 43-101-compliant inferred mineral resource of 101.6 million metric tons grading 0.067 percent moly, or 0.112 percent MOS2, and is open along strike to the east, north and west and to depth.
In 2009, Columbia Yukon intends to update a NI 43-101 mineral resource estimate for Storie based on results of recent extensive drilling; complete necessary studies; and obtain partners for developing the property.
Canada Zinc Metals Corp. is exploring the Akie Project in northeastern British Columbia.
The property covers 6,400 hectares, about 15,814 acres, about 20 kilometers, or 12.4 miles southeast of the Cirque property, a well defined zinc-lead asset owned 50-50 by Teck Resources and Korea Zinc.
Akie hosts the Cardiac Creek deposit, significant baritic-zinc-lead SEDEX mineralization.
In April, a NI 43-101 report estimated inferred resources at Akie of 23.6 million metric tons grading 7.60 percent zinc, 1.50 percent lead and 13 grams per metric tons silver with a 5 percent cutoff.
China-based Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Holdings Co. Ltd. recently purchased a 13 percent stake in Canada Zinc for $4.9 million, providing capital to advance the Akie project.
Seabridge Gold Inc. completed an NI 43-101 preliminary economic assessment of its gold-copper KSM Project in the Iskut-Stikine River region, about 65 kilometers, or 40 miles, northwest of Stewart, in December. The miner envisions a 30-year mine life, recovering more than 19 million ounces of gold and 2.85 million pounds of copper from the Kerr, Sulphurets, and Mitchell zones.
Canarc Resource Corp. is developing the New Polaris gold project as an 80,000-ounces-per-year operation with an eight-year mine life in northwestern British Columbia, 60 kilometers, or 37 miles, east of Juneau near the B.C. - Alaska border. Canarc has estimated a resource on 2,956 acres of crown-granted and modified grid mineral claims at the site of the historic Polaris-Taku mine exceeding 1 million ounces of gold.
Taseko Mines Ltd. acquired the Aley niobium project in northern British Columbia in November 2007 in hopes of diversifying its mineral production and complementing its 1 million pounds of annual production from the Gibraltar Mine farther south. A similar metal to molybdenum, niobium also is used in steel-making. Discovered in 1980 by Cominco, the Aley deposit could support a mine producing 8 million to 12 million pounds of niobium annually based on historic exploration.
Hard Creek Nickel Corp. is developing the Turnagain project, a giant, disseminated nickel-sulphide deposit located in Northcentral British Columbia in preparation for a turnaround in nickel prices. Although the deposit has potential for further expansion, a large resource with more than 580,000 metric tons of recoverable nickel has already been identified. The project has potential to produce 20,000 metric tons, or 44 million pounds of nickel annually with an estimated mine life of 29 years.
Sources: Companies listed
Pebble submits final piece for fed permit
Kinross cuts deal for Alaskan Peak Gold
Kinross Alaska seeking gold across state
Fortune resumes exploration near Nico
Golden decade coming to Fort Knox Mine
Western doubles down o...Shane Lasley
Peak Gold JV to invest...Shane Lasley
Pebble to appeal Corps...Shane Lasley
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: How to avoid duplicating work across bazel configurations? I'm working on a bazel project which uses many tools that are built within bazel as inputs to the execution of actions. Since these tools are built in an 'exec' configuration they depend on libraries which are built in the same 'exec' configuration and in addition I end up building the libraries in the 'target' configuration (as that is what I'm trying to validate builds). In my normal case these two configurations are both my host machine where bazel is running. In this scenario I would like to be able to avoid building all these libraries twice, but I cannot seem to figure out how to do that. When trying to figure out if I could make the configurations match exactly it seems that I couldn't because there is the 'build option': //command_line_option:is exec configuration which is different across the two.
Is this possible by approaching the problem in a different way or do I just have to deal with compiling all my code twice?

A: There is an option, --nodistinct_host_configuration, that will collapse the target and host configurations. However, it is ineffective against the exec configuration. Additionally, Bazel upstream has indicated that this option is not really supported. (For instance, see https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/5572.)
Allowing configuration flexibility while keeping the amount of duplicate work done under control is a thorny problem that is on upstream's roadmap to address better in the future.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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HP announced three new WebOS devices: The cell phones Pre 3 and Veer and the tablet TouchPad.
The TouchPad's virtual keyboard has a row of keys with numbers and function-key-activated symbols [picture by HP].
Weight, dimensions, display: more or less the same as the iPad.
Dual-core 1.2 GHz processor (the dual core is what makes it really fast).
Lots of RAM: 1GB. Well done. Compare to iPad (256MB) and iPhone (512MB).
Front-facing 1.3 megapixel webcam, support for video calling.
Phone integration: exchange notification and texts.
The virtual keyboard has an additional row with numbers where characters such as the @ symbol can by typed via a function key (see picture above). This has been a major peeve of mine on the iPad.
Accessory: Touchstone, a stand that charges the TouchPad via induction (no wire or connector).
Kindle and Skype apps will be available.
The Palm brand is gone, it's all HP now. The WebOS brand stays.
HP Pre is quite a bit harder to pronounce than Palm Pre.
Planned availability: spring for the Veer, summer for TouchTab and Pre 3. That's a long time to wait for the latter two! Especially the TouchTab will face stiff competition with Android Honeycomb tables and the iPad 2 imminent and thus probably preceding it by a few months.


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Inbox Jukebox #135: Tyler Shaw, Christian Leave, DREAMERS x American Teeth x Wes Period
idobi Staff January 15, 2021 • 2:00 pm
…This is the Inbox Jukebox:
Tyler Shaw – "When You're Home"
Photo Credit: Young Astronauts
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Christian Leave – "Your Life Your Time"
Photo: Alondra Bucio
Have you ever dreamed of being the hero in a movie—dropping a coin in a jukebox and dancing across a black & white checkered floor, under neon lights, until you've lost your breath but found your smile? Get up and get ready. Christian Leave just cranked up the volume with "Your Life Your Time" and we're bopping hard to this 80s rock infused tune with its synthy sonics and unstoppable beat. With vocals as stretchy and full as bubblegum bubbles and an utterly infectious sense of joy, this one is bound to go pop!
DREAMERS, American Teeth, Wes Period – "Still Not Dead"
Photo credit: Ben Zucker
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Tag Archives: open lists
Parties and personal-vote earning attributes in OLPR
In the forthcoming Votes from Seats, Rein Taagepera and I build on the earlier argument of Bergman, Shugart, and Watt (Electoral Studies, 2013) about incentives of political parties to "manage" the competition among their candidates under various intra-party allocation rules. The short version of the story is that parties under open-list PR should be willing to tolerate "laissez faire" competition, because no excess in the number of candidates nor imbalance in the candidates' votes can affect the party's ability to convert its collective vote total into a proportional share of the seats (within the limits of the district magnitude and inter-party allocation formula).
The claim about laissez faire competition under OLPR rests on the assumption that parties are only interested in seat-maximization, and not in the precise set of candidates who win. It also rests on the assumption that "party" and "list" are the same thing.
The second assumption is already relaxed in Votes from Seats, where we devote almost an entire chapter to the topic of how alliance lists work, focusing on the cases of Brazil, Chile, and Finland. In these systems (and some others) many lists contain candidates of two or more parties. In that case, the parties on the list are in direct competition with one another for a share of the seats won by the list as a whole. Thus parties would need to manage their vote–i.e., concern themselves with the distribution of votes across their candidates.
The first assumption–regarding parties' indifference about their personnel–is not something we actually believe is true in practice. Science involves making simplifications, and we show in the book that using this simplifying assumption is quite powerful in predicting, via deductive logic, the average patterns in the preference vote shares of candidates (i.e., candidate votes divided by total list votes in a district). So, for the purposes of the book (and the earlier article), the strict assumption of indifference worked to get us a step farther down the road to understanding how electoral systems shape candidate vote shares.
In earlier drafts of the book, we worked on attempts to analyze how parties might affect the election of specific candidates, even though they lack ranking control, through nominations. We took these sections out because we were unable to come up with a deductive model of the process–a key methodological criterion around which the book is based. In the remainder of this entry, I will post and discuss two graphs that we took out of the book but that demonstrate the (still underdeveloped) idea of parties' engaging in forms of intraparty management–even under OLPR.
The immediate reason for returning to think about this now was the recent American Political Science Association annual meeting, at which I presented a paper with Åsa von Schoultz that incorporates both the logical models of preference-vote distribution and the personal vote-earning attributes (PVEAs) of the candidates themselves. On the same panel was a fascinating paper by José Antonio Cheibub and Gisela Sin, which (among other things) analyzed the discontinuity in ratios of one candidate's votes to the next candidate's when they are sorted in descending order by preference votes. They find that, in Brazil, there is a tendency for these ratios to be greater at "last winner to first loser" and at "first loser to second loser" than among winners higher up or losers lower down.
A pattern like that found by Cheibub and Sin would not be found if there were not some "coordination" going on. Such coordination could be done by voters or by interest groups or others with a desire to see certain candidates elected over others. Or it could be done by parties. If by parties, it would be a form of intra-party management. For instance, parties could achieve a desired concentration of votes on the eventually elected candidates by ensuring a mix of candidates appealing to different groups of voters, or through allocating campaign resources, or some mix of these and other tactics.
One way to manage the vote would be through exploiting the party's knowledge of the relative appeals of specific candidates or types of candidates. If the party had perfect information, it could renominate just the right number of incumbents and nominate the right number of local council members, or other politicians with popular appeal and whom the party sees as promising future legislative personnel. In other words, through nominating candidates with given PVEAs it could structure the balance of different traits and constituencies represented within its delegation.
The following data plots from Brazil and Finland point towards how such PVEA management might work.
The plots show the share of candidates at any given relative rank (list position/seats won) who have a given PVEA: incumbent assembly (national) member or local council. The local regression (lowess) curves plot the pattern, and in the case of Brazil, I also plot a lowess for the state assembly members running on the deputies list (but not the data points, because of the clutter). The incumbent MP curves for the two countries are nearly identical, with relatively few MPs losing and more near the top preference vote totals.
The local candidates' curves also have a similar shape—rising near the bottom of the electable ranks on the list and then still rising among the top losers, before plummeting. The obvious difference is that there are a lot more locals in Finland than in Brazil. The curve for Brazilian state legislators running for federal deputy looks like a much-flattened version of the incumbent deputies' curve.
These plots may be showing that parties are indeed managing the distribution of votes across candidates. They are doing so by whom they nominate. They probably have pretty good information about the vote-earning potential of various candidates, and they can "clear a path" for the candidates they consider sufficiently valuable by not putting too many similarly strong candidates on the list against them. Obviously, what I have shown here does not prove that point, but it is suggestive of how parties might "coordinate" on the intraparty dimension, through managing the types of candidates they select.
A possible objection is that parties could not possibly know the votes that a candidate could bring to the list. After all, these lists–especially in high magnitude districts–are so competitive! Another graph suggests it might not be so hard for parties after all, at least when nominating candidates who have run before for some office.
Do parties have good information about the votes a candidate will obtain? Evidently so. This graph compares 2002 votes of Brazilian candidates to 1998 votes, whether their 1998 campaign was as a deputy candidate or a state legislative candidate. The diagonal is the equality line; a regression is not much different from it. In other words, a candidate's votes in the prior election are a pretty strong predictor of the candidate's votes in the current election (at least in Brazil, 1998-2002). This is generally true for those who won their contest the previous election and those who had small vote totals. And it applies to state legislative candidates even though they are running in different-magnitude districts. (The legislators of a given state are elected in a single statewide district, just as the national deputies are elected in state districts, but the magnitudes are greater for the state legislature.)
Parties amaze sometimes at how good they are with this stuff!
Certainly, when I see things like this I realize that all the old ideas about chaotic competition in OLPR or parties lacking control just do not stand up.
So, yes, parties can tolerate laissez faire competition among the candidates on their list–provided they are interested only in maximizing the list's seat total. And assuming that this is all they care about allows us to understand average patterns of vote distribution. A key goal is to introduce other variables–notably PVEAs–to understand how individual candidates deviate from these logically predicted (and empirically confirmed) averages. That was the point of the von Schoultz-Shugart APSA paper, focused on Finland. The next step is to try to understand PVEAs and prior vote totals as a window on how parties manage the vote, even under OLPR.
Posted in Baltoscandia, Brazil, Party lists	| Tagged Brazil, Finland, OLPR, open lists | 8 Comments
Thailand political reforms (yes, again)
The current Thai political reform process, underway since the military coup of 2014, is churning out some significant changes. Already, decisions appear to have been made to move to mixed-member proportional (MMP), with the list-tier seats allocated via open party lists.
Thailand in the past has used mixed-member majoritarian (MMM or "parallel"). It has used multiple nontransferable votes (MNTV, also misleadingly known as "block vote"). It has used MMM and MNTV together. But MMP with open lists would be new, and not only to Thailand.*
The Bangkok Post, on 25 February, refers to various other matters under consideration, although it is vague on specifics.
To prevent the executive branch from being placed in a weakened position by squabbling coalition partners, it was decided that if the opposition wins a no-confidence vote, the House of Representatives would be automatically dissolved.
Constitution Drafting Committee spokesman Khamnoon Sitthisamarn is quoted as saying that under the new electoral system, coalition governments are expected to be the norm, and so they are seeking to make it more costly to change governments between elections.
The CDC spokesman said this would cause the opposition to think carefully about filing a no-confidence motion and only do so if it was really necessary and the government had made serious mistakes.
There could be more measures aimed at making governments stable:
Mr Khamnoon said there will be other measures to prevent parties in the coalition threatening to leave purely in order to obtain benefits from the core parties leading the coalition. These measures would be decided later, he said.
The new constitution will bar independent candidates from running. Given MMP, one would expect few incentives for independents in any case. There will also be a provision that appears to undermine the very idea of open lists:
Another requirement is that in order to be declared a winner, an elected candidate must have received more votes than the total "no votes" cast by those who do not wish to vote for any candidate on the list.
This is not very clear. On the one hand, an open list system in which voters can vote for the party rather than a candidate is unremarkable. However, if it is genuinely an open list, votes solely for the list do not affect who is elected from that list, and in what order; this still depends only on candidates' ranks in preference votes. If a candidate needs more preference votes than there were list-only votes, then this is not an open list, as presumably few will cross such a threshold, implying that a pre-election list order would have to be a default. That would be a "flexible" (semi-open) list, and probably not a very flexible one in practice.
Clearly there are details to be worked out.
* I know of no such case at the national level. The German state of Bavaria is sometimes said to be MMP with a tier of open lists. However, I remain uncertain whether that characterization is precise. Years ago I proposed a hybrid MMP/OLPR system before knowing of the Bavarian system. It seems Bavaria uses a system similar to what I proposed, although perhaps different in key details.
Posted in Mixed-member, Thailand	| Tagged Constitution Drafting Committee, mixed-member proportional, open lists, Thailand | 20 Comments


CHARLESTON, SC (FOX 24 NEWS NOW) – Saltwater runs through the veins of Charleston natives and transplants alike. Surfing is a sport that provides an escape from everyday life and helps heal the mind, body and soul.
Chad Davis is CEO and founder of the festival and he is back with details on this year's stellar lineup at the 5th annual Carolina Surf Festival.
The festival will include surf films from the Carolina's and around the world, art, music, and so much more!
For more information on this years festivities, please click here.


An Taoiseach Enda Kenny and Minister for Jobs Richard Bruton were in Cork today (Friday) to announce the creation of 350 new jobs at Voxpro, Ireland's largest exporter of multilingual business process outsourcing.
Voxpro is actively recruiting multilingual, technical positions that will see its workforce increase from 500 to 850 by the end of 2014. The newly created positions will support the company's international growth strategy.
International business currently represents more than 80% of the company's overall turnover. The new job creation is being supported by the Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation through Enterprise Ireland.
Minister Richard Bruton said, "At the centre of our jobs strategy is our determination to support a powerful engine of Irish industry. We have put in place a range of measures to deliver on this, including a joint IDA-Enterprise Ireland team to pursue joint opportunities. Voxpro, an Irish company which is winning business from some of the world's leading multinationals, and using that to expand rapidly in export markets and creating jobs, is a great example of what we are trying to support with our plan. Today's announcement of 350 new jobs is a huge boost for Cork, and I wish Voxpro every success with this project".
Voxpro is an Irish award-winning company which operates from three purpose-built facilities in Cork, a newly opened office in Dublin and an international office in San-Francisco. The company delivers customer contact solutions on behalf of more than 100 companies and organisations worldwide including Google, Nest and Travelzoo, in addition to multinational corporations and leading international blue chip companies. Voxpro is best described as the unseen, but critical, link connecting businesses to their clients on a 24-7, 365 days a year basis.


Trends International-Trends Coloring Book. The ideal book for coloring in detailed designs! A relaxing way to show your creative side! This book contains twenty-four single-sided sheets with a unique design on each. Comes in a variety of themes. Each sold separately. Imported.


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Fill out the form below to receive additional information about our Epic Botswana & Namibia Safari or give us a call at 800-543-8917.
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Epic Botswana & Namibia Safari
Olive Grove Guest House
New Itinerary
This intimate and elegant guesthouse enjoys a tranquil location close to the city center of Windhoek, offering 11 guest rooms with lavish bathrooms and private verandas incorporating extensive local stone.
Inside a private reserve with direct access to the towering sand dunes of Sossusvlei, 11 thatched villas offer magnificent scenery, private plunge pools and rooftop skybeds for stargazing.
Desert Rhino Camp
This simple yet comfortable camp, run in conjunction with Save the Rhino Trust, offers a thrilling location from which to track rare desert-adapted black rhinos alongside community trackers.
A luxurious hilltop lodge with 14 rock-and-thatch units inside a private game reserve with resident white and black rhino, the camp includes an inviting pool and meals served within sight of the busy waterhole.
A seasonal camp on the Jao Concession, deep in the Okavango's watery heart, offers lodging and excursions inside permanently flooded terrain—a comfortable tented wilderness experience bearing a light footprint.
Little Tubu Camp
This intimate seclusion on Hunda Island is perfect for families and small groups. An exclusive tent camp is nestled under a canopy of trees—a rich wildlife sanctuary surrounding a seasonal riverbed.
Chitabe Lediba Camp
Chitabe Concession covers savanna, forested islands and floodplains. An intimate camp offers five spacious Meru-style tents with glorious views and abundant wildlife, including potential nocturnal sightings.
Savuti Camp
On the banks of the elusive Savute Channel, this legendary region is known for abundant predators and elephants. The isolated camp's seven large walk-in tents have private verandas and a plunge pool.
Toka Leya
This luxurious camp occupies a prime spot overlooking the Zambezi River and its islands, with hippos and crocodiles on view from tents that are raised on stilts and connected by wooden walkways.
Windhoek, Namibia
This small, stylish guesthouse enjoys a tranquil location close to city center of Windhoek. With just 11 rooms, Olive Grove offers an intimate and relaxing stay in an environment of elegant simplicity. All guest rooms have air conditioning, fine-gauge cotton bed linens and down duvets, satellite TV, wireless Internet, safe, mini bar, and coffee- and tea-making facilities with homemade biscuits provided. Natural stone is prevalent throughout, especially in the indulgent bathrooms. Common areas include a central open-air lounge with fireplace, indoor and outdoor dining areas, plunge pool, open-air spa bath on the deck, and beautiful gardens. The Wellness Room offers a selection of spa treatments, a welcome way to unwind after a long round of travel.The open-to-view gourmet kitchen serves a full breakfast and elegant dinners. Each guest room has its own veranda with tables and chairs, for guests who may wish to dine al fresco in privacy.
Kulala Wilderness Reserve, Namibia
Little Kulala lies within the private Kulala Wilderness Reserve, the only reserve with direct access to Sossusvlei and the Namib – the world's oldest desert with the world's tallest sand dunes. The flight itself to the camp provides jaw-dropping views of the spectacular landscape that has made Namibia a favorite feature for National Geographic magazine. The camp offers magnificent dune scenery to the west and a rugged, mountainous Namib escarpment to the north and east, with grassy plains and "fairy circles" filling the space in between. The camp's 11 stylish thatched villas or kulalas (meaning 'to sleep' in the local Oshiwambo language) merge impeccably into the timeless desert landscape, with exquisite furnishings and fixtures, innovative bleached decks, and indoor and outdoor showers. Each villa has its own private plunge pool and a rooftop 'skybed' for romantic stargazing. The main area offers a relaxed lounge, dining room, bar and curio shop all under thatch.
Early morning game drives to the magnificent dunes take guests through a private gate into the reserve, for close-up views. Guided drives and walks are also offered on the private reserve for a chance to see desert animals and smaller desert fauna and flora. During our explorations we may see lone oryx, ostrich or other wildlife as they traverse the massive golden dunes.
Palmwag Concession, Namibia
Desert Rhino Camp lies among rolling, rocky hills and exudes a tranquil, minimalist beauty. Despite the austere surroundings, there is a surprising amount of wildlife in the private concession. The camp is run in conjunction with Save the Rhino Trust (SRT), an organization that has been has been singly responsible for helping to ensure that the rare, desert-adapted black rhinoceros survived the slaughter that went on throughout other parts of Africa in the 1980s and '90s. Today this population of black rhino is growing, and the area boasts the largest concentration of rhino anywhere on the planet outside of a national park. Community game scouts who were employed by the Trust to help with the patrolling and monitoring over the years are now seconded to the camp to serve as its trackers and guides. Guests gain amazing insight into the ecology and conservation of this area, while at the same time a portion of the revenue contributes to the Trust and its rhino conservation projects.
Desert Rhino Camp has eight large Meru-style tents, each with en suite bathroom and shower. A tented dining and living area offers uninterrupted views of the desert and mountains, and the extraordinary welwitschia plants that dot the plain in front of camp. Activities include rhino tracking on foot or by vehicle, full-day outings with a picnic lunch, birding and day and night nature drives to explore this intricate ecosystem. Dedicated guides provide an informative and exciting experience of a unique region. The concession's freshwater springs support healthy populations of desert-adapted black rhino, desert-adapted elephant, Hartmann's mountain zebra, giraffe, gemsbok, springbok, kudu and predators such as lion, cheetah, leopard, brown and spotted hyena. Bird life is prolific and diverse with most of Namibia's endemics present.
Ongava Lodge is situated along the southern boundary of Etosha National Park in the privately owned Ongava Game Reserve. The lodge offers luxury accommodations in 14 en-suite units made of rock and thatch. The main lounge, bar and dining areas offer impressive views, as they are situated close to the top of a hill, surveying the foothills of the unpronounceable Ondundozonanandana Range. An inviting pool beckons guests to cool off in the heat of the day. Meals are either served in the main dining area under thatch with a view over the camp's waterhole, or on the dining deck under the stars. Ongava Lodge was listed on the Condé Nast Traveler's Gold Reserve List for 2005.
Etosha National Park is Namibia's premier wildlife destination and one of Africa's largest game reserves. Large herds of wildlife teem around the waterholes and the endless plains offer breathtaking vistas. Activities include game drives in open 4x4 vehicles into the Okaukuejo area of Etosha where lion, elephant (seasonal), gemsbok, springbok, black rhino, greater kudu and red hartebeest are seen at numerous waterholes and fringing habitats. Apex predators like leopard, cheetah and spotted hyena are also present in this area.
In addition, hides and guided walks are available on the private reserve. Ongava is one of the few private reserves in southern Africa with resident white and black rhino, allowing guests the unique opportunity to see both of these charismatic species. For those who enjoy close wildlife encounters, tracking white rhino on foot with a guide is a highlight not to be missed.
Okavango Delta, Botswana
Pelo Camp is a new seasonal camp on the Jao Concession offering classic water-based activities in the permanently flooded portion of the Okavango. Pelo means "heart," a fitting name, as the island on which the camp sits is heart-shaped – discernible when flying in. Located as deep in the watery heart of the delta as you can get, Pelo Camp is designed to offer a genuine wilderness experience with a light footprint. Guests will boat into camp from the Jao airstrip, and once in camp, the prime activity will be excursions by mokoro, the traditional wooden dugout canoe used in the delta. Though the camp's location is fixed, it utilizes no permanent structures other than flushing toilets with a septic system. The camp is comprised entirely of tents that house private guest accommodations, a main lounge and dining area, kitchen, laundry and small staff village. Individual guest tents have private covered verandas and en suite bathrooms with flush toilets and running water in the basins. Each tent has a private outdoor shower located just a few steps outside your tent that is filled with hot water on request throughout the day. Pelo Camp enjoys a lovely shaded location between wild date palms, jackalberry and Natal mahogany trees. An outdoor boma area and a raised platform expand the public space.
An exclusive camp perfect for families and small groups, Little Tubu is located on Hunda Island, shaded beneath a canopy of trees overlooking a seasonal riverbed. The intimate camp accommodates just seven guests, offering an exceptionally private and secluded bush experience. The traditional-style tents are set on raised wooden platforms, each with a private viewing deck, en suite bathroom and outdoor shower. Elevated walkways link the tents to the main dining, bar and pool areas. The complex is designed to blend seamlessly into the surrounding environment while maximizing views of the Okavango Delta. Little Tubu's style and setting enhance an authentic feel of being on safari in the wilderness among prolific wildlife. Hunda Island is a wildlife sanctuary noted for its diversity and numbers of predators, and leopard viewing on the island is particularly noteworthy. Wildlife drives reveal impala, lechwe, giraffe, zebra and much more, while poled excursions in a mokoro—the traditional dugout canoe of the delta—allow for silent contemplation of crystal-clear waters, reed frogs and waterlilies.
Neighboring the Moremi Game Reserve in the southeast of the Okavango Delta, Chitabe Concession covers 28,000 hectares with a multiplicity of habitats, from savannah to forested islands and floodplains. Chitabe Lediba is a small and intimate camp within the concession – perfect as a private accommodation for small groups or families, as its two family units have adjoining bedrooms and en-suite bathrooms. All five spacious Meru-style tents are built on raised decks. En-suite bathrooms complement the outdoor shower "with a view." A dining area, lounge and pool have glorious views over the surrounding floodplains and a small lediba (remnant lagoon that has become a waterhole), after which the camp is named, where game comes to drink during the day.
Morning and afternoon game drives explore the area in search of its denizens, with the evening drive usually returning after dark in order to get a chance at spotting the shy nocturnal animals such as genet, civet, serval, porcupine and possibly aardwolf. Wildlife on view here includes elephant, buffalo, lion, leopard and cheetah and wild dog are sometimes found in the area. Guests should also see zebra, tsessebe, giraffe, kudu and impala.
Linyanti Reserve, Botswana
Situated in the southern part of the Linyanti Wildlife Reserve in northern Botswana, Savuti Camp is built on the banks of the Savute Channel, an elusive waterway that ebbs and flows over the years. This is the heart of a legendary wildlife region best known for its large number of predators, as well as one of Africa's largest populations of elephants. These are Kalahari elephants, the species' largest.
Accommodating 14 guests in seven large walk-in tents, Savuti Camp is a small and intimate enclave in an isolated area, far from any crowds. Each elevated tent has its own bathroom with a large indoor shower, twin copper hand basins and a separate flush toilet. Four-poster beds are draped in gauzy mosquito netting and ceiling fans are overhead. Gaze at the riverbed from oversize chairs on your private veranda, or concoct a safari-inspired letter at your writing desk. Each room has a private safe. In the common area, a separate dining room and pub provide relaxing gathering space under reed and thatch, as well as a plunge pool.
The Savute Channel has been in flux in recent decades, creating an ever-shifting habitat for a wide range of wildlife. It stopped flowing between 1980 and 2008, and what was a once hippo-filled river became wide-open grasslands. Curiously, in 2008, the Savute Channel once more became a deep, clear waterway harboring hippos, aquatic life, and myriad water birds. In 2016, the constant shift of the earth's tectonic plates caused the Savute Channel to again become a dry wilderness. The erratic source of water creates both opportunities and challenges for local wildlife, which have to adapt to a shifting environment. Besides the normal plains game, the area has good concentrations of roan, sable antelope and southern giraffe. All the predators are found in the area—lion, leopard, cheetah, spotted hyena and wild dog. Game-viewing activities include day and night drives and walks with an armed guide. There are also a number of hides where guests can view animals quietly and safely away from vehicles.
Livingstone, Zambia
Luxurious Toka Leya Camp enjoys a prime location overlooking the Zambezi River. The east side of the camp is shaded beneath a canopy of trees, while the west side enjoys an open setting next to an ancient baobab tree. Wildlife around the camp includes elephants and crocodiles along the riverbanks and islands, and plenty of resident hippo that often create a ruckus nearby. A wide variety of birds are also on display.
The camp's 12 tents are raised on stilts and connected by wooden walkways to the main common area, minimizing the footprint on the land. Tent interiors utilize earthy hues in harmony with the natural environs. All have private shaded wooden decks with expansive views over the Zambezi's braided channels. Each tent has individual climate control settings to ensure a cool summer sanctuary. Gauzy mosquito nets are draped over poster beds, and spacious en suite bathrooms have double-basin vanities and large showers. The camp's shared central area incorporates a lounge with plush sofas and reading lamps, a bar, and a canvas-sheltered dining area complete with traditional pizza oven. A swimming pool is surrounded by a large wooden sun deck with lounge chairs overlooking the river.
Activities in the area include a Victoria Falls tour, sunset cruises, and guided nature walks and game drives in Mosi-Oa-Tunya National Park, home to Cape buffalo, giraffe, zebra, wildebeest, impala and more. A special highlight includes the possibility of spotting a white rhinoceros in the park. Guests can also explore the town of Livingstone and its museums, and a nearby village. A visit to the village offers a chance to see how local people live, with insights into their culture and traditions. Other activities available at an additional charge include helicopter flights, canoeing, jet boating and whitewater rafting.
/africa/the-epic-botswana-namibia-safari/accommodations/


A total of 47 fourth- through eighth-graders from the five northern counties of Idaho will participate in the 14th annual North Idaho Regional Spelling Bee Saturday, March 18, at North Idaho College. The winner will receive an all expense-paid trip to Washington, D.C. to participate in the Scripps National Spelling Bee the end of May.
Each contestant was the winner of his or her respective grade level in district qualifying bees held in public school districts as well as a home school and private school district throughout North Idaho.
The spellers will compete against each other, regardless of grade level, beginning at 9 a.m. in Boswell Hall Schuler Performing Arts Center on NIC's main campus. Registration for participants will begin at 8:30 a.m.
The event is sponsored by Hagadone Newspapers and hosted by NIC.


The mind-blowing 3D technology that has been seen on building facades around the world, has recently washed onto Hong Kong shores.
One of Hong Kong's most iconic buildings and historic clock tower have been transformed into a multi-colored digital Christmas 3D light show. Thanks to Sydney's Spinifex Group, and their amazing design team based in Los Angeles, Christmas has definitely arrived early this year!
Hong Kong Cultural Center, located at Tsim Sha Tsui's waterfront piazza, is currently illuminated with all your favorite childhood characters. Flying reindeer, snowmen, Santa and his elves, all dancing to synchronized Christmas music, will run through December 29, 2014, at 8:30pm, 9:00pm and 10:00pm nightly.
Here are some of amazing images from Hong Kong Pulse.


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Eek! Watch these 5 chilling scenes from scary movies on Halloween
Oct 31, 2019, 4:05 AM | Updated: 10:09 am
(Unsplash.com Photo)
BY KTAR.COM
What is Halloween without a good scare or two?
How about five?
There are plenty of eye-popping, heart-stopping moments from any number of horror/thriller movies but here are five that will stick with you for the rest of your life and not just on Halloween.
'Alien' (1979)
Everybody on the mission is sitting around the table eating and gabbing. Then one of the crew, played by John Hurt, feels a little something more than indigestion clawing its way through his chest.
Warning: Graphic scene ahead. Really, really graphic.
'Poltergeist' (1982)
You kind of knew something gasp-inducing was going to happen in this scene. That clown just looks evil.
'The Birds' (1963)
Director Alfred Hitchcock was the master of suspense. Here, Tippi Hedren's character is minding her own business, having a smoke alone in a schoolyard. She will not be by herself for long. The build-up of the fear is spectacular.
'The Shining' (1980)
Stanley Kubrick ratcheted up the dread with music and the clicking sound of the wheels as little Danny pedaled around the hallways of the isolated Overlook Hotel. Warning: Then it gets downright bloody.
'Get Out' (2017)
Stop reading right now if you still haven't seen the Oscar-nominated movie. OK, you've been warned. Hardly anybody ever expects to be hypnotized, manipulated and then terrorized by their significant other's mother. Maybe not the first one, at any rate. Chris' fear is palpable, from the tears to the fingers scratching at the leather chair he sits in during this encounter.
Follow @KTAR923
Carter Williams/Deseret News
The stories behind 5 Christmas traditions you celebrate
There are plenty of Christmas traditions that people who celebrate the holiday have fond memories of, but how did they come to be?
Mary Dalrymple/Deseret News
Here are 10 of the best Christmas commercials of all time
We've rounded up our favorite Christmas commercials — the ones that have stuck with us through the years and fill our hearts with joy.
A fly at the Harris, Pence debate has internet buzzing
During the second half of the debate between Mike Pence and Kamala Harris, a fly landed on the vice president's head and it left the internet buzzing.
5 things worth knowing about Leap Day and Leap Year
Every four years there's an extra day on the calendar. That day is Feb. 29, known as Leap Day.
See some of the best Super Bowl ads before the big game
Watching commercials has become as much a part of Super Bowl viewing tradition as the football game itself to many fans. A new batch officially arrives Sunday.
So long, Red: Arizona-based GoDaddy unveils new logo minus dude
After 23 years, a certain gingerhair character who was the sunglasses-wearing face of GoDaddy has been gently shown the door.
ENVOQUE MD
Thyroid issues: Here are the warning signs and what to do
In a 100-person office in the United States, an estimated 12 co-workers, employees and loved ones, will likely develop a thyroid condition during their lifetime. That's because, according to the American Thyroid Association, more than 12% of the U.S. population will experience thyroid issues.
Canvas Annuity
Annuity basics: how to retire with a guaranteed paycheck for life
Does the thought of retirement fill you with stress or with happiness? Everyone wants to spend their retirement in a way that brings them the most joy, whether that's traveling the world or spending extra time at home with grandkids.


This spacious estate has SatNav, cruise control and parking sensors for a fully assisted journey, Bluetooth to keep you in touch on the move with heated seats to cradle you in comfort over every mile too. By the way, the props are only here to show scale, so expect an empty boot (that means no free suitcase!) when you come and pick up your new car.


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Q: Class variable not updating I have the following basic class involving a circle.  My question is, when I directly update the diameter with c.diameter(10), how come the radius is updated to 5?  As the output shows, it is still at 4:
from math import pi

class Circle:
    def __init__(self, radius=1):
        self.radius = radius
        self.diameter = self.radius * 2

    def diameter(self, diameter):
        self.diameter = diameter
        self.radius = self.diameter / 2
        return self.radius, self.diameter

    def area(self):
        return self.radius ** 2 * pi

c = Circle(3)
print("c.radius:", c.radius)
print("c.area():", c.area())
c.radius = 4  # change radius
print("c.radius:", c.radius)
print("c.area():", c.area())
c.diameter = 10  # change diameter
print("c.diameter:", c.diameter)
print("c.radius:", c.radius)

Output:
c.radius: 3
c.area(): 28.274333882308138
c.radius: 4
c.area(): 50.26548245743669
c.diameter: 10
c.radius: 4   <--- Radius should be 5, since the Radius is Diameter / 2

A: You have two things named diameter:

*

*An attribute on the instance, set with self.diameter in __init__ and with c.diameter = 10 later on.

*A method on the class named diameter. This method is never accessed. You can't access it on the instance, because there the diameter attribute masks the method.

On Python classes, methods are still just attributes. c.area returns the method object, and only c.area() actually calls the method.
So, just referencing c.diameter will not actually give you the method, it gives you the attribute on the instance, which is just an integer object.
You have two options:

*

*Rename the method, to set_diameter() for example.

*Make the diameter attribute a property object. Properties are used as you would an attribute, but getting or setting the attribute on an instance triggers methods to be called.

The latter option is the 'pythonic' option, the method experienced Python developers would use:
class Circle:
    def __init__(self, radius=1):
        self.radius = radius

    @property
    def diameter(self):
        return self.radius * 2

    @diameter.setter
    def diameter(self, value):
        self.radius = value / 2

    def area(self):
        return self.radius ** 2 * pi

The @property / @diameter.setter pair of decorators define the getter and setter for the property; the first def diameter is called whenever you want to read (get) the value of the attribute, and the second is used when writing called when you try to assign a new value (the setter):
>>> c = Circle(3)
>>> c.diameter
6
>>> c.diameter = 4
>>> c.radius
2.0
>>> c.diameter
4.0

Note that we never set an attribute named diameter in the setter! The value is instead always calculated when you access c.diameter for reading.
You'll also notice that when you assign an integer to the diameter attribute, that the radius becomes a float value; that's because the / operator always produces a float value, even for integer inputs. Use // (floor division), if you always must have an integer.

A: One way is to use properties with according setters to make sure you update your internal data:
Something like this:
from math import pi

class Circle:
    def __init__(self, radius=1):
        self._radius = radius
        self._diameter = radius * 2

    @property
    def diameter(self):
        return self._diameter

    @diameter.setter
    def diameter(self, diameter):
        self._diameter = diameter
        self._radius = diameter / 2

    @property
    def radius(self):
        return self._radius

    @radius.setter
    def radius(self, radius):
        self._radius = radius
        self._diameter = radius * 2

    def area(self):
        return self.radius ** 2 * pi

if __name__ == "__main__":
    c = Circle(3)
    print("c.radius:", c.radius)
    print("c.area():", c.area())
    c.radius = 4  # change radius
    print("c.radius:", c.radius)
    print("c.area():", c.area())
    c.diameter = 10  # change diameter
    print("c.diameter:", c.diameter)
    print("c.radius:", c.radius)


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Modern Energy Art
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About Silvia Hartmann
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Retrospective V: Honestly Following The White Rabbit All The Way To The Light
Retrospective 5
Honestly Following The White Rabbit All The Way To The Light
Added Feb 26, 2004 | Energy Art Essays | Energy Art Theory | 6,064 Reads
Art, Symbols, Fascination
& The Eternal Love Of The Light
A Retrospective With Silvia Hartmann 2004
V: Honestly Following The White Rabbit All The Way To The Light
Q: These symbol paintings are so fascinating and so powerful, it is difficult to imagine what could be "beyond symbol paintings".
Silvia: [laughs] Yes, they're a bit of a last word on just about any topic ... or so it seems ...
Q: So what caused this current exhibition and what was the idea behind it? Has this to do with you having an idea and following it?
Silvia: Yes, and the reason I follow it is because they fascinate me. It sets me on fire, I need to follow it, I *must* follow it.
It's not just a vague thought of, "Perhaps I could chop this tree down ..."
It's like, "OH MY GOD!!!! If I was to chop this tree down, THEN I could – dot, dot, dot!"
Q: So then, what are these new paintings?
Silvia: I think we have got to be honest here. We have got to take the clues into consideration. On the 23rd of August is my 46th birthday. The things that I do, I do them for personal development. I don't set about to change the world or heal anybody. I don't even set out to heal myself!
I just sit there and cry and my hand does some thing.
I'm not in a laboratory and say, "Well, I am depressed so now I need some art therapy ..."
It doesn't work like that.
It's as though there is this part of me that has this agenda of healing or of evolution, I don't know, and it gives me these ideas to nudge me into a certain direction – and if I follow that, I will be rewarded in some way.
Q: So you have some trust that in the end, it will be worthwhile?
Silvia: Yes. If there is some fascination that happens, then I will follow that immediately. It is exciting! I will follow that, I will heed it and I will also protect it. If some person comes along and says, "We're going to the theatre tonight!" I will say, "Sorry but I can't go, I have to chase a light spot around my ceiling tonight."
I guess that's why I get rewarded the way I do, because I will do that, I will protect the fascination.
I will protect it from the muppety stuff, being somewhere on time, supposed to be being somewhere else or having planned something else. That's not important. But chasing a light spot round the ceiling that leads to Art Solutions and For You, A Star, that's important to me.
It all starts with a fascination and a curiosity, and I know that if I follow that there will be a reward at the end of the day.
I've done this often enough by know to trust in that.
Most people don't do that. They have a fascination but they don't follow that, so they don't get rewarded with the amazing breakout at the end, where it shifts.
Ok, so chasing a light spot around the ceiling is weird.
Q: It's like that they don't know what that could be about and they don't know if it's going to be worth their while.
Silvia: Right. But the whole Art Solutions thing is definitely worth it, it's even worth a lot of money. You could make a career out of teaching this, with ease.
It's one hell of a reward on every level. You could get acclaim for it, even find new lovers as you're touring the country with this. The rewards are there, but you need to follow the little inspirations. If you don't do that, you don't get the big rewards at the end.
Now with this new exhibition, I have some serious contortions because I didn't go to art school. I always say that I can't draw or paint. In fact I attended a water colour class the other day and sat there feeling really bad because they could paint a beach and I couldn't.
For the past three years, I've been having enormous fun with Paint Shop Pro and the Flaming Pear products. Plug, plug, plug-in!
I got them for a Christmas present three years ago and I've been playing with them, but computer art isn't real art, so it doesn't count, right. 'Cause you got to go to some place first and draw oranges for eight years. Every day.
Graphics design, I guess that's allowed. But to make a painting, but it's from Paint Shop Pro and XaraX, that's evil. Like putting on a cap and calling yourself a policeman if you're not.
It's evil. You just can't use computer tools to make an image and call it art.
That's what I was thinking and feeling, anyway.
Well, so at one point I was working on something and hit the wrong button, and the image turned into this chaotic mess. But there was one area on the screen, I've got this big screen, which drew my attention – I was fascinated by it.
Fascination Dot Com!
Aha! said Silvia. I shall lay aside what I thought I was going to do and instead, follow this fascination.
What I did was something that can't be done on a real canvas, which was to enlarge the area on the image which fascinated me until it filled the entire screen again, using the fractal movement of zooming in.
When the fascinating area got big, this itself contained another fascinating area, so I kept moving in and in – until a click occurred.
That's close enough.
But it wasn't quite right yet.
So what I did was to randomly apply a number of different filters until I got the click to stop – and at that same time, I got the title of the image delivered and I knew I was done.
In order to save myself from mental misery, I asked myself if I could replicate this painting if I was to use canvas and brushes and the answer was yes – easy peasy, lemon squeezy!
Print it on a canvas with an art printer, fill it in, painting by numbers, and there it would be – completely manifest in the hard.
If you look at the images closely, you can see that they're not difficult to paint. They're easy, actually. And thus, they count as paintings.
The nice thing about these is that there was no question asked up front, and I allowed my click partner to decide what we're doing. So that wasn't me asking for help from them, but them showing me something that THEY might have needed help with?
And there was certainly an occasion when there was a part that fascinated me but it also appalled me deeply. It reminded me of something very bad and hideous. I picked it and enlarged it and there it was, a real scream filling the entire screen, and I put my hand on the screen and said, "Thank you for showing me this, and now, let's make this into something beautiful."
One of the lovely things with Paint Shop Pro is that the thing will MELT, and assume a new shape.
You can change the colours and you can change the NATURE of the thing and morph it on until it is something beautiful.
They're not all like that but this one, I really noticed this.
What I also found fascinating is that in doing these pictures in Paint Shop Pro, I learned such a lot about physical painting. Because I looked at each one with the view of "How would I do this for real?"
And I knew how to do that – you'd have to have a certain background texture, you'd need a couple of layers of glaze, and a sponge, and a spray, and that's how you would do it, that's how you would get it to look exactly like that.
There are others where there is clearly watercolours with bleach involved.
It also taught me more respect for colours. We're talking 256 colours here, that is not a very big paint box. I got a lot of respect for the fact that we haven't pushed it hard enough to get the colours right – you can get them right, it's just a question of mixing them up right.
I learned an enormous amount in preparing the pictures for this exhibition. About structure and texture, and light and colour interaction, and I had so many new ideas on what to do with an actual painting.
Q: You said something to me about also learning what not to do.
Silvia: [laughs] Oh yes, the courage thing! After the first four were finished, the thought occurred to me that pictures are designed to be seen – that they should be exhibited, that there should be an exhibition.
So I asked a friend how many pictures you would need for an exhibition, but before they had a chance to answer, the number "23" had jumped into my head – 23 pictures for an exhibition on the 23rd of August.
That made sense and put the idea of the online exhibition in my head.
So now, we're in the country of exhibitions and that is what artists do, and of course, I think I'm not, or I thought I wasn't, although it is getting a bit difficult to know now after we went through the chronology earlier, and as soon as you bring other people looking at this into it, it changes everything.
Q: That would be the "looking over your shoulder" problem ...
Silvia: Exactly. Now you've got all these weird ideas swirling around in your head about what you're supposed to do and not supposed to do, and I noticed particularly with some of the paintings that I had a major fear of nothingness.
Q: [laughs] A major fear of nothingness?!
Silvia: Yes, like a big yellow blob in the centre of the painting where there is nothing happening – there's no texture happening, no structure happening, no movement, it's just yellow.
But ... it wanted to be yellow!
I tried to put something clever or meaningful in the middle but the part of me that wanted this project to happen in the first place was just not happy, and in the end I got it that you need to have courage to not put things in, to let it stand as it is, and have it be just yellow. And if that isn't enough for you, then go away and do your own painting! [laughs]
That was quite funny. I didn't have this problem with the ones where there's lots of things happening and you can stand in front of it and say, "Oooh, that's interesting, and that's interesting ..." But with this space one, I was really concerned, shouldn't I be shouting and jumping up and down? I needed courage to *leave it alone*.
The high end challenge was the painting called Sand & Sea. This was also the high end challenge to the usual complaint levelled against abstract art, "Oh my 3 year old nephew could do better than this! How dare you call yourself an artist!"
Then you have to have the courage to say, "But it wanted to be just like that and I've made it like that, the best I can," and you just have to have the courage to leave it there.
And not trying to be clever.
That's very, very essential. And I do try to be clever!
It was quite hard to not be clever but just be honest.
Honest, I wanted those simple bands of blue and yellow on there.
Q: Are there any other paintings from this exhibition you would like to comment on briefly before we go?
Silvia: I would just like to mention the last painting that closes the series.
It is a very slight morph of the details of one of my symbol paintings, it just has a slight wash over the top, and it is called The Eternal Love of Light.
Because at the end of the day, it is light and movement. And light equals colours. I just love colours and movement.
There's just nothing on this planet that fascinates me that deeply.
Silvia Hartmann 2004
Images References:
Retrospective Part I - Of Rock Pools & Elusive Elephants
1: Silvia Hartmann 2004 Photograph by AC Kent BSC
2: Rock Pool Progression, Article Illustration, 2005
3: Cat Metaphor, BW Illustration From The Enchanted World, 2004
Retrospective Part II - Oh My, Aren't We Colourful!
4: Chalice, Acrylics On Art Board, 1997
5: The Magicians, Acrylics On Art Board, 1996
6: Dragon Rising, Acrylics On Wood Board, 1996
7: Interlacement With Fish, Acrylics On Art Board, 1996
8: Me & Me, Acrylics On Wood Board, 1996
9: The Fool, Mixed Media On Wood Board, 1997
Retrospective Part III - 23 Years Of Illegal Designs
10: The Melting Go Board, BW Illustration for The Enchanted World 2004
11: Snow Globe Illustration, Living Energy, 2003
12: Fire, Stained Glass Design 2002
13: In Serein First Edition Cover Design 2003
14: Oceans Of Energy First Edition Cover Design 2003
15: Project Energy Ebook Cover Design 2003
Retrospective Part IV - Art Solutions For Broken Hearts & Heroes
16: The Guardian, Acrylics On Linen, 2003
17: First Symbol, Mixed Media on Plain Paper, 2003
18: Creativity Symbol Illustration From For You, A Star, 2003
19: Mirror Ball Message, Enamels on Canvas, 2003
20: Morning Angel, Acrylics On Linen, 2004
21: Unbelievable Success, Acrylics on Linen, 2004
22: Asked & Answered, Acrylics On Linen, 2004
23: The Soul Pilots, Acrylics On Linen, 2004
24: People Painting, Acrylics On Linen, 2004
25: Man & Machine In Harmony, Acrylics On Linen, 2004
Retrospective Part V - Following The White Rabbit All The Way To The Light
26: Glass Universe, 2005
27: Demon Bar Story Illustration 2004
28: Dragon's Eye Story Illustration 2003
29: Alien Baby Design 2005
30: Pregnant Moon Poetry Illustration 2002
31: Sand & Sea, VF 23, 2005
32: Eternal Love Of The Light, VF 23, 2005
All Images Copyright Silvia Hartmann
Retrospective Part I | Part II | Part III | Part IV | Part V
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Text & Images © Silvia Hartmann 1993 - 2019. All Rights Reserved.
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