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What is The Difference Between Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion?
By Jennifer Adams, October 2011
No-one likes paying tax – not even those of us who can appreciate that payment for our hospitals and armed forces need to come from somewhere. Be honest – if you were approached by someone who promised a reduction in your tax bill if you joined a 'tax avoidance scheme' being sold, wouldn't you at least listen?
If you do decide to listen, you need to be very wary because TAX AVOIDANCE is legal but TAX EVASION is not. It is sometimes difficult to appreciate the difference between the two but in basic terms tax evasion is deliberately escaping from paying tax that should be paid, whereas tax avoidance is the exploitation of rules in order to reduce the tax that would otherwise be paid.
How Can I Tell the Difference?
There is a clear distinction between the two. Tax evasion usually entails taxpayers deliberately misrepresenting or concealing the true state of their affairs to the tax authorities to reduce their tax bill and includes, in particular, dishonest tax reporting (such as under-declaring income, profits or gains or overstating deductions).
The most often quoted ruling on this subject confirming that tax avoidance is acceptable and legal comes from the court case of IRC v Duke of Westminster (1936). The Duke of Westminster paid his gardener a weekly wage and entered into an agreement by which he stopped paying the wage and instead drew up a covenant agreeing to pay an equivalent amount.
The gardener still received the same amount in wages but the Duke gained a tax benefit because under the law that applied at the time the covenant reduced the Duke's liability to surtax.
When the case came before the House of Lords, the judge, Lord Tomlin, stated:
"Every man is entitled if he can to arrange his affairs so that the tax attaching under the appropriate Acts is less than it otherwise would be. If he succeeds in ordering them so as to secure that result, then, however unappreciative the Commissioners of Inland Revenue or his fellow taxpayers may be of his ingenuity, he cannot be compelled to pay an increased tax" (IRC v Duke of Westminster [ 1936 ] AC1 (HL)).
The Duke of Westminster won the case!
There is a specific offence relating to the 'fraudulent evasion of income tax' in the Taxes Acts, which was originally introduced in 2000. However, this legislation is not frequently used, as the Revenue often prefers to rely on the common law when they prosecute.
Very occasionally, you might find that a taxpayer is prosecuted under the Theft Act for false accounting (or possibly the Fraud Act 2006) but the majority of tax evasion cases are brought under the common law criminal offence of 'cheating the public revenue' (remember Harry Rednapp and PJ Proby?).
Cases brought under this common law have established that for the offence to be committed there does not have to be a dishonest act – an omission such as the failing to account or register for VAT will suffice provided that the act or omission was intended to reduce the tax bill.
Tough Penalties!
There is no maximum penalty for such an offence if found guilty so a defendant could be sentenced to life imprisonment as well as having to repay the Revenue. The previous Chancellor, Dennis Healey, famously described the difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion as being "the thickness of a prison wall".
Unsurprisingly HMRC do not like the idea of tax avoidance and they appear to view all actions taken to reduce a tax bill as suspect unless the action can clearly been seen as taking advantage of a tax relief in the manner intended.
Recent years have seen the government stepping up its efforts to reduce the £42 billion 'tax gap' (i.e. the amount of tax they think should be paid in comparison to the amount actually paid). They state that more than a sixth of that amount is due to tax evasion but a further one sixth is due to tax avoidance (the balance being just uncollected taxes).
Tax Avoidance Disclosure
In March 2011, the Revenue issued a document entitled 'Tackling Tax Avoidance' which detailed how they would be approaching the problem of tax avoidance in the future.
The document states that they intend to develop the Tax Avoidance Disclosure rules, under which certain tax planning schemes have to be notified to the tax authorities shortly after they are marketed or implemented. The intention is supposedly to assist users so that they can work out the difference between what it terms 'artificial avoidance schemes' and 'ordinary sensible tax planning'.
HMRC describes some specific Tax Avoidance Schemes they have encountered so far in the Spotlights section of its anti-avoidance pages online.
The text states that 'the schemes featured are generally those which HMRC consider have the widest implications and about which there is the greatest need to warn potential users. They will often be schemes that have been disclosed to HMRC and have been given a Scheme Reference Number (SRN). Please note that the issue of a SRN does not mean either that HMRC 'approves' the scheme or that HMRC accept that the scheme achieves its intended tax advantage.'
Under the Spotlight!
One scheme in relation to property matters that has been placed under the 'Spotlight' is Spotlight Scheme number 10: 'SDLT staged completion' (7 June 2010).
HMRC state that they have noted that 'property sales are apparently being carried out in ways intended to avoid Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) by reducing the purchase price below the SDLT band or threshold. In some cases an intermediate sale, often on the same day, is introduced into the arrangements with the sole intention of removing the true purchase price from tax. These arrangements seek to exploit 'sub-sale relief'. This relief is intended to ensure that, where a property transaction happens in stages, SDLT is paid once on the full amount paid for the property by the person who ultimately acquires it and no double charge arises.
HM Revenue & Customs' (HMRC) view is that these contrived transactions, including those involving sub-sales, produce a charge to SDLT on the full amount paid for the property.
The text goes further by giving the following warning:
'Where HMRC find property sale arrangements that have been artificially structured to avoid paying the correct amount of SDLT these will be actively challenged, through the courts where appropriate'.
Why is HMRC Targeting Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT)?
Spotlight Scheme No 10 was a result of a recent increase in SDLT avoidance schemes attempting to exploit potential loopholes in the rules. HMRC conducted an exercise to determine the scale of the problem comparing data held by the Land Registry with SDLT returns and the exercise revealed that through the use of such schemes, about 1,200 people had avoided paying the right amount of tax due on their property transactions.
Practical Tip
HMRC has sent new tax assessments to those individuals concerned. They have not issued court proceedings, you notice, but closed the schemes by notification on their website. What is interesting is the warning given that 'We will also be using the full range of HMRC information powers to identify and challenge promoters and scheme users who fail to notify us of the marketing or use of disclosable schemes'. You have been warned!
Those readers who have subscribed to 'Property Tax Insider' from the beginning might be wondering which side of the 'artificial scheme' or 'ordinary tax planning' line 'Flipping' falls (see Issue 2 October 2010 – 'Flipping Marvellous!'). Anyone contemplating undertaking this scheme can put their mind at rest. HMRC accept that this scheme falls on the accepted tax avoidance side of the line (see HMRC website CG64485 – Private Residence Relief) so long as not undertaken too often, as the article points out.
There is a clear distinction between the two. Tax evasion usually entails taxpayers deliberately misrepresenting or concealing the true state of their affairs to the
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Utility worker identified, killed in crash while helping restore power in Sally aftermath
by: Meaghan Mackey
Posted: Sep 24, 2020 / 10:29 AM EDT / Updated: Sep 24, 2020 / 07:33 PM EDT
Mobile Ala. (WKRG) — A utility worker heading home after helping to restore power on the Gulf Coast was killed Wednesday in a crash in Mississippi.
The crash happened on Highway 45 in Macon, MS. The utility worker was driving in a convoy of power trucks when he struck an 18-wheeler, according to Assistant Police Chief Douglas Triplett.
Noxubee County Coroner R.L. Calhoun confirms to WKRG News 5 the man killed has been identified as 37-year-old, Darrell Holt, from Excelsior Springs, Missouri. WKRG has learned he worked for R&M Pole Line Construction.
Holt's family has started a fund to raise money for his funeral. If you would like to donate, click here.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A science and engineering initiative to the tune of €52 million has been launched at the University of Limerick. It is hoped that the Bernal Project will make a significant contribution to Ireland's national research initiatives in the strategically important areas of pharmaceutical, biomedical and energy research and development.
Named after influential 20th century Irish scientist, John Desmond Bernal, who was regarded as the founding father of molecular biology, the project outlines a detailed plan to enhance research excellence in the fields of pharmaceutical science and engineering; energy and sustainable environment; modern and biomedical materials and engineering.
The Bernal Project involves the recruitment of 10 world-leading professors, a start-up seed fund to support their teaching and research activity and the construction of a new advanced research building on campus. The University of Limerick Foundation has committed to providing €36 million in philanthropic funding for this project primarily from the Atlantic Philanthropies, the project's main sponsor to date with a commitment of €26.3 million. The balance will come from state funding and University funds.
Some 150 construction jobs will be created in building the new building with a further 75 long-term, sustainable research and teaching positions, amounting to a total of 225 jobs being created by the Bernal Project. The Bernal Laboratory will house fully-equipped laboratory facilities in a 7,459m2 building. The building project has begun with completion envisaged by 2015.
Speaking at the launch of the project, UL president Prof Don Barry said the imperative in growing the University of Limerick and contributing to the economic development of Ireland was premised on developing a deep knowledge infrastructure and human capital base. "This will attract investment and stimulate the development of high-end industry and services at the core of a revitalised 'smart' economy," he said.
Dr Mary Shire, vice-president of research at the university, said: "Through the Bernal Project, the University of Limerick is attracting top researchers from some of the world's top 100 ranked universities to bring their expertise to Limerick in support of Irish recovery and growth. This investment will have major significance in promoting Ireland as a location for foreign direct investment and job creation, particularly in R&D and advanced manufacturing.
"The Bernal Project provides an opportunity to align the strategic needs of the State with those of the university in their common goal to impact economic, educational and social development nationally," she added.
Each of the selected areas is already supported by major funding from Programme for Research in Third Level Institutions (Higher Education Authority), Science Foundation Ireland, Enterprise Ireland, the European Union and a variety of commercial sources.


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Certain gifts that loved ones exchange on occasions are priceless and this sterling silver ring is one amongst them. The concept of engagement rings in the modern era has given light to all this unique masterpiece.
The rose gold plated ring is an absolute beauty. So, this ring, without a doubt, can be a perfect present for your girl. The ring is a classy gift that will melt your partner's heart and she will fall in love with you all over again. So, get on your knees and give this sterling silver ring to your girlfriend this valentines day.


Seems like the "solution" might be part of the plot. The more info they can get on who bought what (send me your name and address) the more power they have. Assuming knowledge is power.
Not just that, I'm willing to bet one of the BitTorrent users will be first in line to buy a copy and MSM a photo as they walk out of the shop. You'll be able to download the file from BT that evening.
I'm willing to bet one of the BitTorrent users will be first in line to buy a copy and MSM a photo as they walk out of the shop. You'll be able to download the file from BT that evening.
blue ray discs are already on BT right now, often a week or two before retail release. there is no need for camera phone shenanigans.
I wish you hadn't said it like that, you're scaring all the people in Hollywood or the people hired to protect them.
A better way to put it is: No matter what security measures a BluRay is given, a single dedicated hacker can show the online(more specifically geeky) world how to circumvent each of these measures. Some of that world includes pirates who like to distribute free content. When these people watch, they will rip and up every BluRay movie that they couldn't figure out how to while "New Security X" was stopping them.
No matter what the studios try or are told to try by "content rights protecting agencies" one way or another, it will quickly become possible for people to pirate their content once more. But where does this leave the legitimate consumer? Don't the studios feel bad for our parents, or grandparents? They will never figure out how to use their store bought BluRay movies as advertised because it's not as easy as VHS or even that DVD thing they just got the hang of.
that's a fallacy. you don't need to be a geek. you don't even need to know a geek. you don't even have to know a college student. you just have to know how to use google.
No matter what the studios try or are told to try by "content rights protecting agencies" one way or another, it will quickly become possible for people to pirate their content once more.
correct me if i am wrong, but sounds like you think filesharing was interrupted some how. all of these copy protection measures have no effect on filesharing. the copies uploaded to BT either never had DRM on them, or had the DRM stripped prior to upload.
all copy protections do is drive more legitimate customers to file sharing. 4 years ago, i was lucky to see 500 seeders listed on a public tracker for a really popular movie. today, there are tens of thousands on the new releases. DRM not only fails to stop piracy, it's actively encouraging it.
Not only are they making it difficult to have legal copies, but now some studios are looking to further limit the "Digital Copy" that some DVDs and BluRays come with that allow you to transfer a copy of the movie to your computer or iPod. I was looking at the "Inglorious Basterds" BluRay description on Amazon and noticed that the Digital Copy is only good through 12/31/10. So now they've put expiration dates on something that should be a staple of all physical movies. Way to take away value Hollywood! That'll keep 'em coming back for more!
Stuff like that is going to get retailers into trouble pretty quickly, unless they update their listings. That should give some push-back to the movie industry.
FTA: "Another option for making copies simple would be to allow an "always copy" flag… but again, this only works on BD-Rs, not commercial discs."
So you literally are unable to get a BR disc commercially pressed without this crap. I'm glad that I've avoided the format.
but it's still stupid deadline. Once activated, the copy should work forever (assuming the DRM servers stay online, company doesn't fold, etc). The digital copy is on a disc in the package already but you only have until a certain date to "activate" it (which means iTunes or whatever adds the DRM using your account info and the redeemable code with the disc). It's an artificial limitation that doesn't make sense. What if I buy the disc after the deadline? I now have a disc with content I can't access. By the time of the deadline date, the movie will already be well past the airing on premium cable window anyway (and will have been rentable/Netflixable for longer).
No, it only lasts as long as your PC hardware.
I have DVDs that I have had for 13 years now. But my PCs typically only last 3-5 years. After that, say goodbye to your "managed copy".
I'll just buy a Blu-Ray drive, get a copy of AnyDVD HD and do it the old-fashioned way.
I was going to say the same thing but suggest a free Blu ray ripper there are a ton of them out there. Preferably Linux based.
DRM is pointless. The 'copy protection' on blu-ray movies was cracked long ago, and full DRM-free copies of HD movies can be downloaded from the internet long before copies hit store shelves. The previously mentioned 'Inglorious Basterds' is scheduled for release tomorrow, Dec 12. The full blu-ray image has been on the net since Nov 30, for those who know where to find it, and have the desire to download a 44.5GB file.
The only thing accomplished by putting DRM on any form of media is frustrating the paying customer.
Blu ray is pointless anyway. Technically (DRM aside) it's not needed to play the HD content - a HDD PVR or computer will do that perfectly fine. Optical drives are losing the race with HDD and flash memory anyway - and are close to obsolescence.
When CDs arrived in the early 80's they were 60x the size of a contemporary consumer HDD. DVDs in the late 90's were around the same size as a contemporary HDD.
Now a blu-ray at around 25-50GB is less than 1/20th of a typical HDD and comparable to a $30 flash drive.
I know that multi-layer blu-rays are predicted (~400GB) - but by the time they arrive the HDD's and flash memories will be even further ahead.
You didn't take the premise to the logical conclusion.
*Physical* media are pointless. By the time 400 GB Blu-Ray discs exist, computers probably won't even have ROM drives anymore.
Well strictly - as a means of moving data around - with present network limitations Blu ray makes some sense - however - once you have the data you would probably like to throw the disc away. Given past trends you probably won't have the equipment to play it long term anyway.
The thing is that the format war would have been irrelevant but for DRM which ties content to a physical object.
the terabyte external hard drive has replaced the DVDR as the weapon of mass destruction for intellectual property.
the internet is great for getting new stuff, especially if you have the hookup on a tracker that your friends don't, but external drives via small world networks are the best way to move tons of stuff.
You're right of course !
Boycott Blu-Ray. Boycott DRM. I'd rather the entire movie crumble than buy the crap they are trying to sell me. Seriously F-em!
Bad experience with Blu Ray?
I've always found the 'digital copy' addition to DVD's and Blue ray rather comical, as the only thing on the disc to begin with is a digital copy.
Mike, I find it interesting that you hit this story, and not the other story about how Hollywood is now including flippable or second copies of bluray movies on DVD in the same case, and often offering a digital version for phone or PC use as well.
I really think your intention is to make the media companies look bad, and never mention the good things they are doing to meet customer demands.
Please read some of the above posts before trolling.
Did you submit the story as requested?
Because you can only do it ONCE and it is tied to your hardware!
There's no value in that 3 years from now when my PC dies.
And how do I burn it to a DVD to play in the car or in my brother's portable DVD player as we stand in line on Black Friday?
I believe that story is linked in the above post. And that's what much of this post is about.
When we see media companies doing smart things we are quick to mention it.
Actually, I re-read the post carefully, and there is little or no direct reference to the ideas. You may have slid a link in there, but you are so busy bashing DRM that you don't even address the issue.
You are giving yourself away by not knowing how to use the "reply to this comment" button on multiple threads.
As for the articles you are pointing to, well, let's just say that most of it has already been shown to be less than informative, less than complete, and that Mike's conclusions on at least some of it may be somewhat misleading (or wishful thinking).
Please try to stay on topic, rather than jumping up and down like a 12 year old on a sugar high pointing an unrelated items.
Mate, it is a well known fact that Mike is biased towards the consumer. If you want balanced news, you may want to start reading foxnews.com.
The mind boggles. Tell me, in your universe, does the sun set in the east? Do people brush their teeth with cow patties?
Anyway, I prefer my universe, where being biased towards consumers is not a bad thing, and foxnews.com is about as un-balanced as a site can be without actually falling of the intarwebs.
"As for the articles you are pointing to, well, let's just say that most of it has already been shown to be less than informative, less than complete, and that Mike's conclusions on at least some of it may be somewhat misleading (or wishful thinking)."
"Now a blu-ray at around 25-50GB is less than 1/20th of a typical HDD and comparable to a $30 flash drive."
Please, pray tell, where can you buy a 50gb flash drive? and where can you get that for the $30? You cant even get a 32gb drive for anywhere near that yet.
"Mike, I find it interesting that you hit this story, and not the other story about how Hollywood is now including flippable or second copies of bluray movies on DVD in the same case"
Haha good one! No, you see, that ended the micro SECOND the competing format (HDDVD) was no longer a competitor. Sure, SOME people might offer this here and there, but it is NOT widespread or even a selling point of BluRay, AT ALL.
"I have DVDs that I have had for 13 years now. But my PCs typically only last 3-5 years. After that, say goodbye to your "managed copy".
Its all well and good to get frothy at the prospect of these ridiculous DRM limited media, but wild exaggerations arent going to win people over. Might want to pull it back just a bit. Thanks.
>> typical HDD and comparable to a $30 flash drive."
> Please, pray tell, where can you buy a 50gb flash drive?
> and where can you get that for the $30? You cant even get > a 32gb drive for anywhere near that yet.
He's stretching a bit but not too much. A 32G flash drive is more like $60 assuming you can't find some doorbuster sale at Frys. The point is still perfectly valid though. We are still rapidly reaching the point where "cheap portable random access media" is big enough for BluRay main feature.
We have seen MP3 come and go as something that can choke a PC or laptop harddrive and now standard definition video is quickly being eclipsed by the average new hard drive size. Soon it will be BluRay's turn.
Something else that is in the mix is relatively cheap 500G laptop hard drives in small bus powered portable cases.
Reason he never replied he needs to google it to learn what it meant, LOL.
by a whole paragraph of absolute nothing is well...Unsubstantiated.
Just a comment in regards to physical media's alleged obselesence. I wouldn't claim that just yet. It's still useful for backup purposes. After all, I don't much care to have to redownload tens of gigs of data after a system crash when it would be easier to just reinstall many of the programs from their original discs. Download speeds just aren't fast enough, at least in the US, for large amounts of data to be transmitted in a short amount of time.
Also, if the cloud fails (or if you're unable to get online for whatever reason), what then? Where, then, will you go, if you have no physical backup to restore from? I don't know about you, but I don't like my backup capability being restricted to having to be online to do so. And I've had too many computers die on me over the years to trust hard drives too much.
Before you throw in the towel on Blu-Ray, I offer some observations (i.e., what I have actually seen).
(1) The Blu-Ray section at my local Sam's Club keeps growing. The end-of-the-aisle display that was once devoted to new movies has been switched to new Blu-Ray movies. The once itty-bitty Blu-Ray section has grown to about 20% the length of the movie aisle.
(2) It seems to me that the space devoted to Blu-Ray discs has grown the fastest in the last six months.
(3) Early this year I looked at the single Blu-Ray player at Sam's Club. It was about $280. They had a teeny section devoted to them and they were not selling them quickly. Last weekend I noted that my Sam's Club had a $78 Blu-Ray player in an aisle-end display. The display was getting a fair amount of attention and while the players might not have been "flying" off the shelves, they were being sold in what appeared to be significant quantities. My Sam's Club now offers the same number of Blu-Ray players as standard DVD players.
(4) If the current growth continues (extrapolating from what I have seen this year), I estimate that by Christmas of next year that Blu-Ray will take up 40 to 50% of the video aisle at Sam's Club.
(5) My local Sam's Club and Wal-Mart has started offering $10 Blu-Ray movies. While Blu-Ray players are not "flying" off the shelves, the cheap Blu-Ray movies are.
Conclusion: Just a bit too early to sound the death of Blu-Ray. It seems to be gaining momentum. Incidentally, there were those who sounded the death of DVD's early on (too expensive, too complicated, not enought movies, players cost too much, you cannot record on DVD, etc.), but Laser Disc is gone, Beta is gone, and VHS is gone.
Much, much hilarity to be had here, in both the original piece and some of the comments.
First off, sorry "dudes" but I think too many of you geek types put far too much emphasis on this kind of stuff. Take a deep breath, a step back, and then realise that just because you're torrenting and having wet dreams about "everything on the cloud!" you're a teeny, tiny sub-niche compared to the average consumer who has neither the time or the inclination to delve into your seedy little world and is far happier picking up a disc and sticking it in a player. Those at the fringe might whinge and whine about DRM but the consumer leviathan didn't, doesn't, and probably never will, care.
Secondly, those comparing "$30" Blu-Ray discs to $30-40-50-60 SD cards. You do realise that a "$30" Blu-Ray has a movie on it right? And that you can buy a 15 pack of 25GB Blu-Ray discs for $35 from Amazon? Just to spell it out, that's $2.33 for 25GB, copared to $30 for 16GB SD card. "Give it a year or two"? Do you reckon Blu-Ray blank prices will have stayed the same, or do you think they might just drop like CDs and DVDs have? Fact is, even with the oversupply problems that have caused manufacturers to scythe SD card prices over the last 3 years or so, they've never EVER managed to get anywhere near the price/GB of optical media. The incumbent optical format ALWAYS wins, and nothing coming down the pipe in SD/SSD production is going to reduce costs by the order of magnitude needed to compete any time soon.
Lastly, the ones talking gleefully about the death of physical on the altar of HD and SD storage - truly hilarious. Here's a clue - are they abstract media? Virtual media perhaps? Unbelievable.
oh, cool staff. Thanks for sharing. Rip blu-ray is a sample thing.


A mid to late 19th century milestone, which is protected by Grade II Listing. Superscription: "MILES" radially at top, "CH STOKE / 5 1/2", "M BROOK / 8 1/4", and "C ARMS 9/"
St Peter's Church lychgate forms the More War Memorial.
Ring ditch 250m north east of More identified during 2010 aerial photographic survey.
Ring ditch 100m north of St Peter's Church, More identified during 2011 aerial survey.
A 13th century/1640 parish church, which is protected by Grade II* Listing.
Rear elevation from roadside gateway.


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WATCH: This 97-year-old fan of Prince Harry was greeted with a peck on the cheek.
Prince Harry reunited with a 97-year-old fan in Sydney, Australia, and the two had a very sweet moment.
While in the country promoting the Invictus Games, Prince Harry was greeting fans outside in the pouring rain. He went through the crowd shaking hands, taking cups of tea (really!) and greeting those waiting to meet him; then he recognized a familiar face.
Daphne Dunne was greeted with a royal peck on the cheek from Prince Harry when he got to her in the crowd. The two met in 2015 when Prince Harry was serving his month-long attachment with the Australian Defence Force.
Dunne bore late husband Albert Chowne's medals, including his posthumously awarded Victoria Cross for his efforts during the Second World War.
On Wednesday, Prince Harry, along with Australian Governor General Sir Peter Cosgrove and Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, spoke at the launch of the Invictus Games at Cosgrove's official Sydney residence, Admiralty House, on Sydney Harbour. Also in attendance were several Invictus athletes.
"Sport is what would make the difference. Sport would help these guys and girls fix their lives and reconnect with those around them. And the spectacle of sport combined with stories of recovery against the odds would inspire everyone who saw it," Harry said of the Games and its participants.
WATCH: Britain's Prince Harry launched the countdown to the 2018 Invictus Games on Wednesday in Sydney.


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Ralph M. Hattersley, Jr. (1921-2000) was an American photographic educator, commentator, journalist and photographer.

Early life and education
Ralph M. Hattersley, Jr. (1921-2000) was born on March 31, 1921 in Montana where he grew up in Conrad. After graduating from high school, Hattersley spent a year studying art at the University of Washington, then left to attend Montana State College in 1941. Two years later, Hattersley joined the U.S. Navy, attending its photography school in Pensacola. He served on the Atlantic Fleet Camera Party, spending most of his time in Trinidad. He was discharged from the Navy in 1946.

Upon returning to the U.S., Hattersley enrolled in the Rochester Athenaeum and Mechanics Institute's photography program.

Rochester Institute of Technology
Hattersley graduated in 1948 from Rochester Institute of Technology (as Rochester Athenaeum and Mechanics Institute was renamed in 1944) and began teaching in the Department of Photographic Technology. In 1949, he was offered a full-time faculty position there, which he accepted and taught alongside Minor White, Charles Arnold, Beaumont Newhall and Robert Koch. Having both an art and photography background, Hattersley taught photo-illustration and art-based photography classes at the Institute for the next thirteen years.

Theorist and commentator
Hattersley wrote colourfully on his theories on the principles and procedures of photographic criticism in a lengthy article in Aperture magazine which it reprinted from Popular Photography, and his criticism appeared in numbers of publications, including in the American Society of Magazine Photographers magazine Infinity for which he was the managing editor.

Like his contemporary Minor White, Hattersley regarded photography as having a spiritual dimension; after pages of uncredited, uncaptioned photographs in a 1972 Aperture issue appears his statement;  He wrote about printing in a darkroom as an opportunity for meditation, a quiet time that can be therapeutic, and further, that "the upside-down image on the ground glass tends to engage the right side of the brain, the artist's side, more than the technical, left side of the brain."

White, in his Aperture editorial in 1964 praised his approach;  Hattersley's book, Discover Yourself Through Photography enlarged on his ideas. Across the Atlantic however, British commentators regarded such sentiments about the medium with caution.

Photographer
In 1961 Ralph Ginzburg approached designer Herb Lubalin to design a new up-market periodical called Eros, a magazine which took love and sex as its theme. It became the subject of a notorious freedom-of-speech trial with Ginzburg eventually being imprisoned in 1972 for 'distributing obscene material'; Hattersley's nude photographs are widely credited as being the trigger for the court case.

Later career
After teaching at the Rochester Institute of Technology, Hattersley moved to New York City. While there, he taught at various institutions including Columbia University, Pratt Institute, and the School of Visual Arts where he taught with Martin Friedman, Cora Kennedy, Roy Benson and Irene Stern. He served as a contributing editor to Popular Photography starting in 1957, in which he wrote the column 'The Hattersley Class For Beginners'.

Hattersley died on February 5, 2000, survived by his children, Cleve, Craig, and Lissa.

Influence
Hattersley was influential on a number of his students who went on to contribute significantly to the field. Among them were;

 Pete Turner;
Jerry Uelsmann, who described him as one of "my three photographic godfathers: Ralph Hattersley, Minor White, and Henry Holmes Smith"; Bruce Gilden;
 Bruce Davidson, who studied at RIT 1951-4, remembered "an inspiring teacher, Ralph Hattersley. He showed us Smith, Cartier-Bresson, Irving Penn, and others. This really sent me in that direction—not imitating, but finding the way I wanted to photograph";
 Nathan Lyons;
 Hugh C. Browning;
 Sardi Klein
 Arno Rafael Minkkinen (who studied under Hattersley at School of Visual Arts, 1971 - 1972),
 Australian Roger Hayne who was inspired by Hattersley's course to set up Photography Studies College in Melbourne

Another student, Carl Chiarenza, hoped that attending the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) would lead to 'a decent job at Kodak'. In his third year there, the Bachelor of Fine Arts degree program in photography was offered, developed by White and Hattersley. Chiarenza recalls,

Publications

Ralph Hattersley 'A Handy Kit for Do-It-Yourself Critics'. In
Ralph Hattersley was managing editor of, and wrote in,

References

20th-century American educators
American art educators
American art critics
1921 births
2000 deaths
20th-century American photographers
American male journalists
American editors
United States Navy personnel of World War II
American expatriates in Trinidad and Tobago
University of Washington alumni
Montana State University alumni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


ANL's Organic Top Dressing is a high quality soil mix made from 25% double washed River Sand, 25% Soil and 50% composted organics. It is combined with a base fertiliser to help aid turf growth within its first 12 month growing season. The organic content within the mixture has a pH level of 6.0-7.0, helping protect turf from plant disease - it also aids grass shoots to grow during times of poor sunlight and cold weather.
Organic Top Dressing is made by combining the washed River Sand that has been screened and mixed with organics and natural fertiliser additive to repair turf areas that have depleted over time. It is designed to be spread over turf areas during its first growth season, it is recommended to apply turf grass fertiliser after 12 months.


1946. Under the Veterans Lands Act, returned veterans of World War II are encouraged to take up hitherto undeveloped land in the Peace River Country, some of it on the Grande Prairie. The Hartman Brothers are contracted to excavate farmland in areas covered by bush.
1946. Due to a decline in grain prices resulting from the end of World War II, farmers on the Grande Prairie, through the Farmers Union of Alberta, engage in a six-week strike.
1946. Northern Planning Mills begins a big lumber operation in Grande Prairie, with lumber now being shipped out of the district.
1946. Robert Cochrane and William Garret begin holding annual geological picnics at Kleskun Hill. Cochrane's farm workshop is soon transformed into the district's first museum.
1946. The Northern Alberta Dairy Pool is established in Grande Prairie, providing district farmers with an opportunity to collectively market their dairy products on larger scale than before. Smaller district creameries soon begin to disappear.
1946. O'Brien Provincial Park is established on the Wapiti River, and land atop Saskatoon Mountain is also identified as a provincial park.
1947. With the oil strike at Leduc #1, oil and gas exploration becomes intense throughout rural Alberta. Grande Prairie becomes the district headquarters for Imperial Oil, Gulf Oil and Amerada in their seismographic surveys.
1948. Clairmont Well #1 is sunk southwest of Kleskun Hill, on the farm of Joe Kapalka. Despite extensive exploration, few producing wells are located on the Prairie.
1947. Lake Saskatoon is declared a provincial bird sanctuary.
1948. A quick-freeze plant with 400 all-steel lockers is opened in Grande Prairie.
1948. In the Provincial election, Ira McLaughlin of the Bezanson district is again successful for the Social Credit Party, defeating Leslie H. Harris of Beaverlodge.
1949. For the first time, over $1 million worth of building permits are granted in Grande Prairie for commercial and community projects alone, aside from private dwellings.
1949. A public swimming pool, a new indoor curling rink and the Memorial Skating Arena are all constructed in Grande Prairie.
1949. An iron traffic bridge is installed across the Smoky River near Bezanson, providing easier access for travellers to and from the district east of the Grande Prairie.
1949. The Sexsmith Sentinel begins publication under the editorship of Art Menzies.
1950. A new composite high school, the second in Alberta, is constructed in Grande Prairie. Complete with a dormitory, it is intended for the entire district.
1950. A Provincial Health Unit is established in Grande Prairie, intended to provide preventative health services for the entire south Peace River Country.
1950. An Old Persons Home is established in Grande Prairie, designed to serve 35 people.
1951. In the 1951 Dominion census, the population of the Grande Prairie was calculated to have declined from 13,743 in 1941 to 13,653. The biggest drop-off was in the rural areas, where smaller family farms were beginning to give way to larger operations. The population of Grande Prairie rose dramatically from 1,724 to 2,664. That of the villages in the district were: Beaverlodge (331 to 514), Hythe (247 to 342), Sexsmith (325 to 331), and Wembley (188 to 251).
1951. Downtown Grande Prairie is modernized with several large structures, including a new Post Office, a new AGT Building, the York Hotel, and the Gaiety Theatre.
1951. Highway paving commences on the Grande Prairie, with Highway #2 paved four miles north of Grande Prairie, and west of Grande Prairie to the Dimsdale corner.
1951. The Municipal District of Grande Prairie becomes the County of Grande Prairie #1, which, along with Vulcan, is the first county in Alberta, giving this rural municipal government a greater tax base to undertake local services and improvements, and to operate schools.


#IFoundLegoLuke and won Lego R2-D2! Sounds like a pretty good deal, doesn't it?
The brick-y Jedi Master in exile debuted at San Diego Comic Con 2017 (July 20-23, 2017) and then embarked on a tour of 5 Wal-Mart's across the country! At 6 feet tall, this Lego statue is taller than Mark Hamill himself… Aren't you a little tall to be a Stormtrooper?
From July 26-31, he was at the Wal-Mart in Burbank, CA… then August 2-7 in Dallas, TX… August 9-15 in Vienna, VA… August 17-22 in Teterboro, NJ… and then finally August 24-28 in Saugus, MA.
The signage encouraged you to "Pose with Luke!" so that's exactly what I did. Some normal poses and a couple silly ones – like me handing him a banana in the style of Rey handing him the lightsaber in Episodes VII & VIII… Hey, a Jedi's gotta have a balanced diet too!
That's when I saw the signage for this contest. It was a very unassuming sign with little to no information. All I knew was that (a) it's custom made, (b) it's actually from the LEGO Group, and (c) it's Star Wars! So I entered.
Fast forward 2 months and, to my surprise, I received the notification that I was chosen as the winner! Fast forward another month and he finally arrives… the mysterious R2-D2 that I still know nothing about.
I'll be honest, I was a little skeptical at first. Not because I won the contest but because no one could tell me what a "custom brick built Lego R2-D2" would be. How big is it? Is it pre-built? Will it do anything or just stand there?
What a wonderful way to find out how strong the force is with you! I heard that you were the lucky LEGO fan who was able to find Luke Skywalker in a local Wal-Mart Store! I know he has traveled far and wide across our country with fans eager to encounter him in stores; just like Rey in the upcoming movie!
In light of your obvious Jedi strengths, and for your participation in search of the legendary Jedi, please enjoy your custom LEGO Model of R2-D2 built by our professional LEGO Builders. Because it already sounds like you are a huge LEGO and Star Wars fan, I know this prize will be something iconic you can cherish and add to your collection.
Congratulations! You found Luke! We sincerely hope you enjoy your prize and have the chance to share this experience with all the LEGO and Star Wars fans you know.
If you're familiar enough with Legos, you can see that little assembly was required. His middle leg is already attached, so all I had to do was attach his 2 main legs!
He's just over a foot tall, once he's leaned back like this. The contest rules state that the value of this one-of-a-kind Lego R2-D2 is around $2,000 but I'll go ahead and say that this whole experience was priceless!
In hindsight, I was pretty lucky to even find out about this contest because I found Lego Luke on the last day he was at my Wal-Mart! Huge thank you to Lego & Wal-Mart for everything!


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North Rockland Daily Voice serves Garnerville, Grassy Point, Stony Point, Thiells, Tomkins Cove, Village of Haverstraw & West Haverstraw in Haverstraw Town
serves Blauvelt, Grand View-on-Hudson, Orangeburg, Palisades, Pearl River, Piermont, South Nyack, Sparkill & Tappan
Woman Dies After Altercation With Police, Rockland DA Says
Kathy Reakes
A woman has died following an altercation with Spring Valley police. Photo Credit: Pixabay
4-Month-Old Boy Found Dead At Rockland Home, Police Say
Man Indicted For Murder Of Popular Musician In Area
Suspect Busted For Stealing $250K Of Phones During Heist At Are…
A woman who had an altercation with police has died following the incident, said the Rockland County District Attorney's Office.
The incident took place in Spring Valley during the early morning hours of Saturday, Jan. 4, said Rockland County District Attorney Thomas Walsh.
"My office has been working with the Spring Valley Police Department throughout the weekend to ensure that an extensive investigation is being conducted into the incident that occurred during the early morning hours of Saturday," Walsh said in a statement.
According to Walsh, the woman came into contact with Spring Valley Police officers and after an altercation with the officers, had a medical episode requiring her to be transported to Good Samaritan Hospital for treatment.
"Sadly, she passed away last night," Walsh said.
The investigation is ongoing and multiple agencies are participating in the case, he added.
"Our sympathies go out to the family and friends of the deceased," Walsh said.
This is a developing story. Check back to Daily Voice for updates.
Follow Kathy Reakes on Linkedin
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Page expired Last modified 08 Sep 2016
Topics: Environment and health ,
This page was archived on 08 Sep 2016 with reason: Other (EEA's content about Noise can now be found at the address: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/human/noise)
Environmental noise affects a large number of Europeans. The public perceives it as one of the major environmental problems. It can affect people in both physiological and psychological ways, interfering with basic activities such as sleep, rest, study and communication. Even though these impacts on human health have long been known, recent research shows that they arise at lower noise levels than was previously thought.
Environmental noise — an unwanted or harmful outdoor sound — is spreading, both in its duration and geographical coverage. Noise is associated with many human activities, but it is road, rail and air traffic noise that has the highest impact. This is particularly a problem for the urban environment; about 75 % of Europe's population lives in cities, and traffic volumes are still on the rise. Country reviews show that the number of complaints related to environmental noise is increasing in many European countries.
Since environmental noise is persistent and inescapable, a significant proportion of the population is exposed to it. The EU Green Paper Future Noise Policy states that around 20 % of the EU's population suffer from noise levels that health experts consider to be unacceptable, i.e. which can lead to annoyance, sleep disturbance and adverse health effects. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that about 40 % of the population in the EU is exposed to road traffic noise at levels exceeding 55 dB(A), and that more than 30 % is exposed to levels exceeding 55 dB(A) during the night.
The quantification of the related disease burden of environmental noise is an emerging challenge for policy makers. Noise exposure not only leads to sleep disturbance, annoyance and hearing impairment, but also to other health problems such as cardiovascular disorders. The burden of disease from environmental noise has not yet been quantified. The World Health Organisation is currently developing a study, addressing several health effects of noise.
In addition, the impacts of noise are enhanced when they interact with other environmental stressors, such as air pollution and chemicals. This may be particularly the case in urban areas, where most of these stressors coexist.
Noise also impacts on wildlife. The extent of the long-term repercussions of this, for example changing migration routes and moving animals away from their preferred feeding and breeding grounds, need to be further investigated.
EEA draws the first map of Europe's noise exposure The European Environment Agency (EEA) has launched the most comprehensive map of noise exposure to date, revealing the extent to which European citizens are exposed to excessive acoustic pollution.
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For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/noise/intro or scan the QR code.
How do environmental hazards affect vulnerable groups in Europe?
Targeted action is needed to better protect Europe's most vulnerable populations, including the poor, the elderly and children, from environmental hazards like air and noise pollution and extreme ...
Environment and health data service
Good food, fresh thinking - a look at our food system


text:
Kayin
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Warning Sounds
By tom felten|2022-11-30T03:00:00-05:00November 30th, 2022|
Ever had a close encounter with a rattlesnake? If so, you might have noticed that the sound of the rattle seemed to get more intense as you moved nearer to the viper. Research reported in 2021 in Current Biology reveals that the venomous reptiles do increase their rattling rate when they think a threat is approaching. This "high-frequency mode" can cause us to think they're closer than they are. As one researcher put it, "The misinterpretation of distance by the listener . . . creates a distance safety margin."
People can sometimes use increasing volume with harsh words that push others away during a conflict—exhibiting anger and resorting to shouting. The writer of Proverbs shares some wise advice for times like these: "A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger" (Proverbs 15:1). He goes on to say that "soothing" and "wise" words can be "a tree of life" and a source of "knowledge" (vv. 4, 7).
Jesus provided the ultimate reasons for gently appealing to those with whom we enter into conflict: extending love that reveals us to be His children (Matthew 5:43–45) and seeking reconciliation—"[winning] them over" (18:15). Instead of raising our voice or using unkind words during conflicts, may we show civility, wisdom, and love to others as God guides us by His Spirit.
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With tears, megachurch Pastor John Gray defends $200K Lamborghini anniversary gift to wife
'I wanted to honor her for how she's covered me,' the South Carolina pastor said. One source of his income: a reality-TV show on Oprah Winfrey Network
With tears, megachurch Pastor John Gray defends $200K Lamborghini anniversary gift to wife 'I wanted to honor her for how she's covered me,' the South Carolina pastor said. One source of his income: a reality-TV show on Oprah Winfrey Network Check out this story on USATODAY.com: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/12/13/pastor-john-gray-defends-lamborghini-purchase/2306073002/
Mike Ellis, The Greenville News Published 9:22 p.m. ET Dec. 13, 2018 | Updated 8:27 p.m. ET Dec. 16, 2018
Photos: Relentless Church hosts 'The Bridge' to talk about nationwide ra...
Event goers line up outside Greenville's Relentless Church before the start of "The Bridge - A Conversation on Race, Politics, Culture and the Role of the Church" held Wednesday, Nov. 14, 2018. SABRINA SCHAEFFER/Staff
Pastor John Gray addresses the audience at Relentless Church during the event "The Bridge - A Conversation on Race, Politics, Culture and the Role of the Church" Wednesday, Nov. 14, 2018. SABRINA SCHAEFFER/Staff
Chris Lawson of Greenville listens to performances at Greenville's Relentless Church during the event "The Bridge - A Conversation on Race, Politics, Culture and the Role of the Church" Wednesday, Nov. 14, 2018. SABRINA SCHAEFFER/Staff
Pastor Steven Furtick, from Elevation Church in Charlotte, N.C., spoke at Greenville's Relentless Church during the event "The Bridge - A Conversation on Race, Politics, Culture and the Role of the Church" Wednesday, Nov. 14, 2018. SABRINA SCHAEFFER/Staff
Greenville's Relentless Church hosted "The Bridge - A Conversation on Race, Politics, Culture and the Role of the Church" Wednesday, Nov. 14, 2018. SABRINA SCHAEFFER/Staff
McKel Major, 17, Letonya Simmons, and Abigail Ciancitto, 16, sing along to a musical performance at Greenville's Relentless Church event "The Bridge - A Conversation on Race, Politics, Culture and the Role of the Church" Wednesday, Nov. 14, 2018. SABRINA SCHAEFFER/Staff
Pastor John Gray addresses the congregation Nov. 14, 2018, at Relentless Church in Greenville, South Carolina, during an event titled "The Bridge: A Conversation on Race, Politics, Culture and the Role of the Church." Sabrina Schaeffer, The Greenville (S.C.) News
Attendees pray at Greenville's Relentless Church during "The Bridge - A Conversation on Race, Politics, Culture and the Role of the Church" Wednesday, Nov. 14, 2018. SABRINA SCHAEFFER/Staff
During the event "The Bridge - A Conversation on Race, Politics, Culture and the Role of the Church" hosted by Relentless Church Wednesday, Nov. 14, 2018, Cecilia Nyamwandha talks about her experience as a child sponsored by a family through Compassion. SABRINA SCHAEFFER/Staff
People hold hands a pray early on during the event, The Bridge - A Conversation on Race, Politics, Culture and the Role of the Church, hosted by Relentless Church Wednesday, Nov. 14, 2018. SABRINA SCHAEFFER/Staff
Relentless Church's Pastor John Gray (right) welcomes Pastor Levi Lusko to the stage for a conversation among pastors during the event, "The Bridge - A Conversation on Race, Politics, Culture and the Role of the Church" Wednesday, Nov. 14, 2018. SABRINA SCHAEFFER/Staff
Relentless Church's Pastor John Gray (right) welcomes Pastor Ken Claytor to the stage for a conversation among pastors during the event, "The Bridge - A Conversation on Race, Politics, Culture and the Role of the Church" Wednesday, Nov. 14, 2018. SABRINA SCHAEFFER/Staff
From left, Pastors Levi Lusko, Ken Claytor and Steven Furtick participate in "The Bridge - A Conversation on Race, Politics, Culture and the Role of the Church" at Greenville's Relentless Church Wednesday, Nov. 14, 2018. SABRINA SCHAEFFER/Staff
From left, Pastors Aventer Gray, John Gray, A. R. Bernard, Levi Lusko, Ken Claytor and Steven Furtick participate in "The Bridge - A Conversation on Race, Politics, Culture and the Role of the Church" at Greenville's Relentless Church Wednesday, Nov. 14, 2018. SABRINA SCHAEFFER/Staff
Pastor Steven Furtick answers questions asked during "The Bridge - A Conversation on Race, Politics, Culture and the Role of the Church" at Greenville's Relentless Church Wednesday, Nov. 14, 2018. SABRINA SCHAEFFER/Staff
Pastor A. R. Bernard answers questions asked during "The Bridge - A Conversation on Race, Politics, Culture and the Role of the Church" at Greenville's Relentless Church Wednesday, Nov. 14, 2018. Next to him is Pastor Levi Lusko. SABRINA SCHAEFFER/Staff
Pastor John Gray addresses the congregation Nov. 14, 2018, at Relentless Church in Greenville, South Carolina, during an event titled "The Bridge: A Conversation on Race, Politics, Culture and the Role of the Church."(Photo: Sabrina Schaeffer, The Greenville (S.C.) News)
GREENVILLE, S.C. — The new pastor of a South Carolina megachurch gave his wife a $200,000 Lamborghini SUV for their eighth anniversary five days ago, and he's been getting heat on social media for it ever since.
In an Instagram video taken at the celebration Saturday, John Gray, pastor of Relentless Church here, led his wife to a bow-wrapped car and handed her the keys while saying "Lamborghini Urus." He later acknowledged on social media that he had bought the luxury vehicle for her and responded to criticism of the purchase.
The video of the presentation, which he had not posted, was taken down.
"God helped me to make my wife's dream come true," he wrote in an Instagram post Tuesday night. "Why not? She's made mine come true!"
► Nov. 12: Megachurch pastor tells church to stop going to yoga
► June 12: Christian churches still struggle with race, how to discuss it, what to do
► April 11: Megachurch pastor Bill Hybels resigns, calls sexual accusations 'lies'
By Thursday, he was on Facebook Live, tearing up at times as he defended his decision and said the sport utility vehicle was bought with "not a nickel, not a penny" of his salary from the church or other church money. He later stopped sharing his Facebook video.
"My wife has pushed for my dreams and my vision, and she has toiled with a man who is still trying to find himself," Gray said. "That carries a weight. I wanted to honor her for how she's covered me."
"My wife has pushed for my dreams and my vision, and she has toiled with a man who is still trying to find himself. ... I wanted to honor her for how she's covered me."
Pastor John Gray, Greenville, South Carolina
Gray, 45, took over leadership in May of Relentless Church, which had five campuses and an active membership of 22,000 when church founder Ron Carpenter handed him the reins of what had been called Redemption Church for 27 years. Carpenter moved to San Jose, California, to become pastor of Jubilee Christian Center, which he renamed Redemption Bay Area Church.
Gray, who is a Cincinnati native, also remains an associate pastor at Joel Osteen's Lakewood Church in Houston while taking the lead at Relentless. Gray has control of the assets of the Greenville church, its vision, and the future of its ministry.
As the pastor of a nondenominational, evangelical megachurch, Gray is in a relatively small club.
As of 2015, the United States had about 1,650 Protestant churches whose weekly attendance averages 2,000 or more, according to the Hartford (Conn.) Institute for Religion Research. As of 2012, only 40 of about 300,000 churches across the USA had more than 10,000 worshipers each Sunday, the institute's analysis of Duke University's National Congregations Study showed.
Greenville's median household income from 2013 to 2017 was a little less than $54,000, about $4,000 less than the U.S. as a whole, according to the Census Bureau. With median income, the midpoint, half of all households in this city of about 500,000 residents make more money and half make less.
Gray said he has saved his money for years and drew on a variety of sources financially including his second book deal and the fourth season of The Book of John Gray, his Oprah Winfrey Network reality-TV show, to pay for the gift. On he and his wife's honeymoon eight years ago, they were so broke that he said they had to share a shrimp cocktail.
His wife, Aventer Gray, defended her husband Sunday in her own Instagram post, saying he gives away cars and furniture as well as coats off his back in addition to tithing to the church. The pastor recently said that people in need, especially widows and veterans, should take money from the church's donation baskets.
► March 30: Houston pastor, Louisiana financial planner accused of fraud
► March 20: Memphis megachurch pastor resigns after sex abuse investigation
"I don't see anyone screaming about how basketball players drive what they do while you paying $$$ to see them play in arenas and on fields," she wrote in an Instagram she later deleted. "We don't live for people! We live for God!"
In a December 2017 interview with The Greenville News when he was hired, John Gray defended pastors who drive fancy cars. He said he had few indulgences and one of those was to own a fine car.
"If the individuals that are serving are honorable and they are committed to serving, if they have saved their money and want to do something nice for their spouse — or they want to live in a (nice) home — you've got one life," he said a year ago.
► March 8: As racism resurges, many look to the pulpit King left behind
► August 2017: Joel Osteen: 'We never turned away' Harvey flood victims
In February, the couple went to the NBA All-Star Game in Los Angeles, and at their hotel was a presentation for the luxury vehicle, John Gray said.
"I saw my wife's eyes light up," he said. "She said, 'This would be a dream,' and that's all she had to say."
The pastor put down a deposit and hasn't paid off the SUV but questioned the criticism he has received. If he had bought her a mid-sized, mid-priced sedan, no one would have cared, John Gray said.
With the income from his other projects, he said he can afford to make her happy.
Contributing: Angelia Davis, The Greenville (S.C.) News. Follow Mike Ellis on Twitter: @MikeEllis_AIM
The new Lamborghini Urus SUV is unveiled Jan. 15, 2018, at a press event during the 2018 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. (Photo: Geoff Robins, AFP/Getty Images)
MY HUBBY IS A HARD-WORKER, HE WORKED HIS WHOLE LIFE AND HE SAVED TO BLESS HIS WIFE!!! REALJOHNGRAY AUTHOR X 2 SILENT ENDORSEMENTS (YOU KNOW BECAUSE EVERYONE DOESN'T HAVE TO BRAG ABOUT WHO THEY ARE SIGNED TO) 6 TV SHOWS MOVIE PRODUCER SONG WRITER TOURS Gives away cars, full houses of furniture, coats off his back... Checks before pastoring and tithes that in its entirety between 2 churches AND those he feels lead to at any given moment... BEEN WORKING FOR YEARS...GET OUTTA HERE WILL👏🏽STAY 👏🏽OFF 👏🏽MY 👏🏽HUSBAND... I don't see anyone screaming about how basketball players drive what they do while you paying $$$ to see them play in arenas and on fields...🙄 We don't live for people! We live for God! Back to my regularly scheduled grocery store trip!!! Happy Sunday!
A post shared by grayceeme (@grayceeme) on Dec 9, 2018 at 4:10pm PST
Read or Share this story: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2018/12/13/pastor-john-gray-defends-lamborghini-purchase/2306073002/


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text:
Ameghiniana
GARCIA, Rodolfo A; SALGADO, Leonardo; CORIA, Rodolfo A and CHIAPPE, Luis M. Embryonic osteology of titanosaur sauropods from Neuquén (Argentina): ontogenetic and evolutionary considerations. Ameghiniana [online]. 2010, vol.47, n.4, pp.409-430. ISSN 1851-8044.
Titanosaur embryonic remains are described from megaloolithid eggs collected in the Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous) at Auca Mahuevo in Neuquén province (Argentina). These remains include complete articulate and disarticulate skulls, and numerous cranial and appendicular isolated elements. The embryonic skull is short, high, and presents numerous fenestrae, most of which are known in adult titanosaurs. However, the morphology of the maxilla and jugal is very different from that of adult titanosaurs. These elements show a series of processes that arise from their central body, which seem to have become reduced and transformed during ontogeny. The dental formula (Pm4 M7-8 /D10?) is similar to that of known adult titanosaurs. Detailed osteological study of these remains shows features of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and evolutionary significance. Several of the characters, including the snout with "stepped" anterior margin and the infratemporal fenestra extending ventrally to the orbit support the identification of the embryos as eusauropods. Other characters, such as the absence of crown denticles and the presence of a preantorbital fenestra are considered to be synapomorphies of Neosauropoda. Finally, the posteriorly wide skull and a maxillary notch at the ventral margin of the skull are regarded as synapomorphies of Titanosauria. Characters such as relatively large orbit, short rostral portion of the skull, long alveolar rows, "egg tooth", tooth crowns lacking wear facets, frontal occupying practically the entire dorsal margin of the orbit, and nonossified postcranial axial skeleton are typical characters of sauropod embryonic and juvenile stages.
Keywords : Dinosauria; Titanosauria; Embryos; Ontogenetic development; Late Cretaceous; Anacleto Formation; Auca Mahuevo; Argentina.
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