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Anchor FM Inc.
Date of Last Revision: May 10, 2019
Welcome to Anchor FM Inc. ("Anchor", "we", "us" and/or "our") Privacy Policy. Our services are designed to offer users (collectively, "Users," "you," or "your") the opportunity to easily create and share audio recordings with other Users ("Services"). The Services are provided to you through our website ("Site") and mobile application ("App").
This Privacy Policy explains what personal data we collect through the Services, how we use and share that data, and your choices concerning our data practices. This Privacy Policy forms part of our Terms of Use, which are available at: https://anchor.fm/tos.
By providing us with your personal data when using the Services, you agree to the practices described in this Privacy Policy. If you do not agree to this Privacy Policy, please do not access or use the Services.
When you interact with our Site or App, we collect information that, alone or in combination with other information, could be used to identify you ("Personal Data")
1.Personal Data You Provide Us
A.Account Information
Some information is required to create an account on our Services, such as your name, email address, password, location. You may also choose to provide other types of information to make public on the Services, such as a profile photo, biography, country information, your website, and community username.
B.Social Media
You may connect to the Services using credentials from social media services such as Facebook or Twitter ("Social Media Services"). When you provide Anchor access to your Social Media Services account, we will collect relevant information necessary to enable the Services to access that Social Media Service, however you will provide your login information, like your password, directly to such Social Media Service (and not to Anchor).
To access your Social Media Services account, we provide a link that directs you to a Social Media Service, where you may access the Services directly. As part of the integration with the Services, the Social Media Service will provide Anchor with access to certain information that you have provided to such Social Media Service, including for example to post-related meta data from your Twitter feed or Facebook wall (such as post type, date of creation, date of update, post creator, permanent link, and the number of "Likes" and "Comments"), and "friends" or other Users you are "following".
Anchor does not download, save, or store your photos, videos, or status messages posted on your Social Media Services accounts unless you grant us permission to do so. We will use, store and disclose such information in accordance with this Privacy Policy and, if and to the extent applicable, the policies of such Social Media Services.
When you elect to access and use the Social Media Services, you will be sharing your information (which will include personal information if you elect to share such information) with those Social Media Services and others on the Social Media Services platform. We are not responsible for the privacy practices of Social Media Services and any the information you share with them is subject to their privacy policies and terms of service. As a result, Anchor shall not have any liability or responsibility for the privacy practices or other actions of Social Media Services that may be enabled within or otherwise accessible through the Services.
You may be able to adjust your privacy settings with these Social Media Services to control what information the services disclose to other entities, including Anchor. We suggest checking the privacy policies of the Social Media Services concerning their privacy settings and controls.
C.Posts, Following, Lists and other Public Information
The Services are primarily designed to help you share information with the world. Most of the information you provide us through the Services is information you are asking us to make public.
Your public information includes the (i) messages you post; the metadata provided with such posts, such as when you posted and the application you used to post; (ii) language, country, and time zone associated with your account; and (iii) lists you create, people you follow, posts you mark as likes, and many other bits of information that result from your use of the Services. Our default is almost always to make the information you provide through the Services public for as long as you do not delete it.
The Services broadly and instantly disseminate your public information to a wide range of users, customers, and services. For instance, your public user profile information and public posts are immediately delivered via RSS feeds and our APIs to our partners and other third parties, including search engines, developers, and publishers that integrate the Services content into their services, and institutions such as universities and public health agencies that analyze the information for trends and insights. When you share information or content via the Services, you should think carefully about what you are making public.
D.Location Information
We may receive information about your location. For example, you may choose to publish your location in your posts and in your Anchor profile and when you set your trend location on the Services. We may also determine location by using other data from your device, such as precise location information from GPS, information about wireless networks or cell towers near your mobile device, or your IP address.
E.Additional Information
You may choose to upload your address book so that we can help you find Users you know or help other Users find you. We may later make suggestions to you and other Users based on imported address book contacts. You can delete your imported address book contacts at any time.
If you email us, we may keep your message, email address and contact information to respond to your request. If you connect your account on our Services to your account on another service in order to cross-post between our Services and that service, the other service may send us your registration or profile information on that service and other information that you authorize. This information enables cross-posting, helps us improve the Services, and is deleted from our Services within a few weeks of your disconnecting your account on the other service from the Services account.
We also collect information you choose to provide to us when you complete any "free text" boxes in our forms (for example, support request or survey submission).
2.Information We Receive From Your Use of Our Services
When you use the Services, the following information is created and automatically logged in our systems:
Log data: Information ("log data") that your browser automatically sends whenever you visit the Site, or that the App automatically sends when you use them. Log data includes your Internet Protocol ("IP") address (so we understand which country you are connecting from when you visit the Site), browser type and settings, the date and time of your request, and how you interacted with the Services.
Cookies: Information from cookies stored on your device. Please see the "Cookies" section below to learn more about how we use cookies and other technologies.
Device information: Includes type of device you are using, operating system, settings, unique device identifiers, network information and other device-specific information. Information collected may depend on the type of device you use and its settings.
Usage Information: We collect information about how you use our Services, such as the types of content that you view or engage with, the features you use, the actions you take, the other Users you interact with and the time, frequency and duration of your activities.
We use your personal data for the following purposes:
To authenticate Users and provide the Service. This processing is necessary to perform the contract with you.
As necessary for certain legitimate business interests, which include the following:
·To respond to your inquiries and fulfill your requests for products and services;
·To customize our Services for you, including providing recommendations, personalized advertising and content (please read below to learn how we use Personal Data for targeted advertisement). For example, we use information on your use of Services features, including information that we obtain through cookies, to better understand your needs and interests in order to personalize your experience with our Services by presenting products and offers tailored to your interests. We use your public information and your location information (described above) to infer what topics you may be interested in, and to customize the content we show you, including ads, with more relevant content like local trends, stories, ads, and suggestions for people to follow;
·To send administrative information to you, for example, information regarding the Site or the App, and changes to our terms, conditions, and policies;
·To provide, maintain and improving the content and functionality of the Services. For example, we regularly fix bugs or user experience issues that may be tied to particular user accounts. We use cookies to analyze how Users interact with our Services. And that analysis can help us build better Services.
·To conduct research, and provide reporting to third parties;
·If you ask us to delete your data and we are required to fulfil your request, to keep basic data to identify you and prevent further unwanted processing;
·To prevent fraud or criminal activity, misuses of our products or services, and ensure the security of our IT systems, architecture and networks;
·To (a) comply with legal obligations and legal process, (b) respond to requests from public and government authorities including public and government authorities outside your country of residence; (c) enforce our Terms of Use; (d) protect our operations or those of any of our affiliates; (e) protect our rights, privacy, safety or property, and/or that of our affiliates, you or others; and (f) allow us to pursue available remedies or limit the damages that we may sustain, as required or permitted by the law.
For individuals in the EU, please see the "European Union (EU) Users" section below for information on what we mean by legitimate interests and your rights.
Marketing.We may contact you to tell you about services or products we believe will be of interest to you. If we do, where required by law, for example if you are a User in the European Union ("EU"), we will only send you marketing information if you consent to us doing so at the time you provide us with your Personal Data. You may opt-out of receiving such emails by following the instructions contained in each promotional email we send you or by updating your user settings. In addition, if at any time you do not wish to receive future marketing communications, please contact us via our help page. We will continue to contact you via email regarding the provision of our Services and to respond to your requests.
Targeted Advertisement. Anchor may display targeted advertisements based on Personal Data. Third parties (including ad serving companies) may assume that Users who interact with, view, or click targeted advertisements meet the targeting criteria (e.g., women ages 18–24 from a particular geographic area). Anchor does not provide any Personal Data to the advertiser when a User interacts with or views a targeted advertisement. However, please be aware that by interacting with or viewing an advertisement the third party may make the assumption that you meet the targeting criteria used to display the advertisement.
We may share or disclose your information at your direction, such as when you authorize a third-party service to access your account or when you voluntarily share information or content via the Services. Other Users may share or disclose information about you, such as when they mention you.
There are certain circumstances in which we may share your Personal Data with certain third parties without further notice to you, unless required by the law, as set forth below:
·Vendors and Service Providers:To assist us in meeting business operations needs and to perform certain services and functions: providers of hosting, email communication and customer support services, analytics, marketing, advertising (for more details on the third parties that place cookies through the Site, please see the "Cookies" section below). Pursuant to our instructions, these parties will access, process or store Personal Data in the course of performing their duties to us.
·Business Transfers: If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, sale of all or a portion of our assets, or transition of service to another provider, your Personal Data and other information may be transferred to a successor or affiliate as part of that transaction along with other assets.
·Legal Requirements: If required to do so by law or in the good faith belief that such action is necessary to (i) comply with a legal obligation, (ii) protect and defend our rights or property, (iii) act in urgent circumstances to protect the personal safety of Users of the Site or the App, or the public, or (iv) protect against legal liability.
We will keep your Personal Data for as long as reasonably necessary for the purposes described in this Privacy Policy, while we have a legitimate business need to do so, or as required by law (e.g. for tax, legal, accounting or other purposes), whichever is the longer.
If you have elected to receive marketing communications from us, we retain information about your marketing preferences until you opt out of receiving these communications and in accordance with our policies.
To determine the appropriate retention period for your Personal Data, we will consider the amount, nature, and sensitivity of the Personal Data, the potential risk of harm from unauthorized use or disclosure of your Personal Data, the purposes for which we use your Personal Data and whether we can achieve those purposes through other means, and the applicable legal requirements. In some circumstances we may anonymize your Personal Data so that it can no longer be associated with you, in which case it is no longer Personal Data.
If you need to change or correct your Personal Data, or wish to have it deleted from our systems, you may contact us. We will address your request as required by applicable law. You may also update your Personal Data from your user settings.
CALIFORNIA PRIVACY DISCLOSURE
Do Not Track Signals:The Site currently does not respond to "Do Not Track" ("DNT") signals and operates as described in this Privacy Policy whether or not a DNT signal is received. If we do respond to DNT signals in the future, we will update this Privacy Policy to describe how we do so.
EUROPEAN UNION (EU) USERS
Scope. This section applies if you are a User in the EU (for these purposes, reference to the EU also includes the European Economic Area countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway).
Data Controller. Anchor FM, Inc. is the data controller for processing Personal Data provided to us through the Services. To find out our contact details, please see the "Contact Us" section below, which also provides the contact details of our representative in the EU for purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation.
Your Rights. Subject to applicable EU law, you have the following rights in relation to your Personal Data:
-Right of access: If you ask us, we will confirm whether we are processing your Personal Data and, if so, provide you with a copy of that Personal Data along with certain other details. If you require additional copies, we may need to charge a reasonable fee.
-Right to rectification: If your Personal Data is inaccurate or incomplete, you are entitled to ask that we correct or complete it. If we shared your Personal Data with others, we will tell them about the correction where possible. If you ask us, and where possible and lawful to do so, we will also tell you with whom we shared your Personal Data so you can contact them directly.
-Right to erasure: You may ask us to delete or remove your Personal Data, such as where you withdraw your consent. If we shared your data with others, we will tell them about the erasure where possible. If you ask us, and where possible and lawful to do so, we will also tell you with whom we shared your Personal Data with so you can contact them directly.
-Right to restrict processing: You may ask us to restrict or 'block' the processing of your Personal Data in certain circumstances, such as where you contest the accuracy of the data or object to us processing it (please read below for information on your right to object). We will tell you before we lift any restriction on processing. If we shared your Personal Data with others, we will tell them about the restriction where possible. If you ask us, and where possible and lawful to do so, we will also tell you with whom we shared your Personal Data so you can contact them directly.
-Right to data portability: You have the right to obtain your Personal Data from us that you consented to give us or that was provided to us as necessary in connection with our contract with you. We will give you your Personal Data in a structured, commonly used and machine-readable format. You may reuse it elsewhere.
-Right to object: You may ask us at any time to stop processing your Personal Data, and we will do so:
If we are relying on a legitimate interest to process your Personal Data -- unless we demonstrate compelling legitimate grounds for the processing or
If we are processing your Personal Data for direct marketing.
-Right to withdraw consent:If we rely on your consent to process your Personal Data, you have the right to withdraw that consent at any time. Withdrawal of consent will not affect any processing of your data before we received notice that you wished to withdraw consent.
-Right to lodge a complaint with the data protection authority: If you have a concern about our privacy practices, including the way we handled your Personal Data, you can report it to the data protection authority that is authorized to hear those concerns.
Please see the "Contact Us" section below for information on how to contact us to exercise your rights.
Legitimate Interest. "Legitimate interests" means our interests in conducting our business, managing and delivering the best Services to you. This Privacy Policy describes when we process your Personal Data for our legitimate interests, what these interests are and your rights. We will not use your Personal Data for activities where the impact on you overrides our interests, unless we have your consent or those activities are otherwise required or permitted to by law.
PUBLICLY POSTED INFORMATION
This Privacy Policy shall not apply to any information you post to the public areas of the Services. Comments posted to public areas may be viewed, accessed, and used by third parties subject to those parties' privacy practices and policies.
Anchor does not knowingly collect Personal Data from children under the age of 13. If you have reason to believe that a child under the age of 13 has provided Personal Data to Anchor through the Services please contact us and we will endeavor to delete that information from our databases.
The Site and the App may contain links to other websites not operated or controlled by us ("Third Party Sites"), including the Social Media Services. The information that you share with Third Party Sites will be governed by the specific privacy policies and terms of service of the Third Party Sites and not by this Privacy Policy. By providing these links we do not imply that we endorse or have reviewed these sites. Please contact those sites directly for information on their privacy practices and policies.
The Site uses cookies to operate and administer our Site and the Services, make it easier for you to use the Services during future visits and gather usage data on our Site or App.
What Are Cookies. A "cookie" is a piece of information sent to your browser by a website you visit. By choosing to use our the Site after having been notified of our use of cookies in the ways described in this Privacy Policy, and, in applicable jurisdictions, through notice and unambiguous acknowledgement of your consent, you agree to such use.
Some cookies expire after a certain amount of time, or upon logging out (session cookies), others remain on your computer or terminal device for a longer period (persistent cookies). Our Site uses first party cookies (cookies set directly by Anchor) as well as third party cookies, as described below. For more details on cookies please visit All About Cookies.
Type of Cookies Used. The Site uses the following technologies:
-Strictly Necessary Cookies: Used to provide Users with the Services available through our Site and to use some of their features, such as the ability to log-in and access to secure areas. These cookies are served by Anchor and are essential for using and navigating the Site. Without these cookies, basic functions of our Site would not work. Because these cookies are strictly necessary to deliver the Site and the Services, you cannot refuse them.
-Analytics/Performance: Used to better understand the behavior of the Users on our Site and improve our Site accordingly, for example by making sure Users are finding what they need easily. The Site uses Google Analytics, a web analytics service provided by Google Inc. ("Google"). The information collected by Google (including your IP address) will be transmitted to and stored by Google on servers in the United States (Google is certified to the Privacy Shield for data transfers). How long a Google Analytics cookie remains on your computer or device depends on what it is and what it is used for. Some Google Analytics cookies expire at the end of your browser session, whilst others can remain for up to two years. You can prevent your data from being collected by Google Analytics on our Site by downloading and installing the Google Analytics Opt-out Browser Add-on for your current web browser. For more information on Google Analytics privacy practices, read here.
Your Choices. On most web browsers, you will find a "help" section on the toolbar. Please refer to this section for information on how to receive a notification when you are receiving a new cookie and how to turn cookies off. Please see the links below for guidance on how to modify your web browser's settings on the most popular browsers:
-Internet Explorer
-Mozilla Firefox
-Google Chrome
-Apple Safari
Please note that if you limit the ability of websites to set cookies, you may be unable to access certain parts of the Site and you may not be able to benefit from the full functionality of the Site.
If you access the Site on your mobile device, you may not be able to control tracking technologies through the settings.
THIRD PARTY WEBSITES AND APPLICATIONS
This Privacy Policy only applies to the Services. The Services may contain links to other websites not operated or controlled by Anchor (the "Third Party Sites"). We do not own, control or operate such linked sites, and we are not responsible for the privacy policies or practices of such linked sites. Privacy policies and practices for such linked sites may differ from this Privacy Policy and our practices. We encourage you to read the privacy policies of such linked sites before disclosing personal information on Third Party Sites.
This Privacy Policy applies only to the Services. The Services may contain links to other web sites not operated or controlled by Anchor (the "Third Party Sites"). The policies and procedures we described here do not apply to the Third Party Sites. The links from the Services do not imply that Anchor endorses or has reviewed the Third Party Sites. We suggest contacting those sites directly for information on their privacy policies.
You use Services at your own risk. Anchor takes steps to protect the Personal Data provided via the Services from loss, misuse, and unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration, or destruction. However, no Internet or e-mail transmission is ever fully secure or error free. In particular, e-mail sent to or from the Services may not be secure. Therefore, you should take special care in deciding what information you send to us via e-mail. Please keep this in mind when disclosing any Personal Data to Anchor via the internet. We cannot control the actions of other Users with whom you may choose to share information. Therefore, we cannot, and do not, guarantee that information or content posted by a User on or through the Services will not be viewed by unauthorized persons. We are not responsible for circumvention of any privacy settings or security measures contained on the Services or Social Media Services.
OTHER TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Your access to and use of the Services is subject to any additional terms applicable to such Services that may be posted on the Services from time to time, including without limitation, Anchor's Terms of Use available at https://anchor.fm/tos.
The Services and our business may change from time to time. As a result we may change this Privacy Policy at any time and when we do we will post an updated version on this page, unless another type of notice is required by the applicable law. By continuing to use the Site and the App or providing us with information after we have posted an updated Privacy Policy, or notified you if applicable, you consent to the revised Privacy Policy and practices described in it.
Anchor is based in the United States. If you are accessing our Services from the European Union or other regions with laws governing data collection and use, please note that your Personal Data will be transmitted to our servers in the United States and the data may be transmitted to our service providers supporting our business operations (described above). The United States may have data protection laws less stringent than or otherwise different from the laws in effect in the country in which you are located. Where we transfer your Personal Data out of the EU we will take steps to ensure that your Personal Data receives an adequate level of protection where it is processed and your rights continue to be protected.
By providing your information to the Services you agree to the transfer of your information to the United States and processing globally in accordance with this Privacy Policy.
Please feel free to contact us if you have any questions about Anchor's Privacy Policy or the information practices of the Services.
You may contact us through our help page, or send mail to:
Spotify C/O Anchor
150 Greenwich St
If you are an individual in the EU, you can also contact VeraSafe, who has been appointed as Anchor's representative in the EU pursuant to Article 27 of the General Data Protection Regulation, only on matters related to the processing of personal data. To make such an inquiry, please contact VeraSafe using this contact form: https://www.verasafe.com/privacy-services/contact-article-27-representative. Alternatively, VeraSafe can be contacted at:
VeraSafe Czech Republic s.r.o
Klimentská 46
VeraSafe Ireland Ltd
Unit 3D North Point House
North Point Business Park
New Mallow Road
2018 © Anchor FM Inc. All Rights Reserved


RIP SLYME Release Jacket Photo for New Single "Take It Easy"
RIP SLYME has released a jacket photo for their upcoming single, "Take It Easy", which drops on March 2nd.
The single's two songs, "Take it Easy" and "Drop!" are both going to be used in the movie "Chin'yuki", which is released on February 27th. The opening song is "Take it Easy" while "Drop!" is used as the ending theme.
The jacket has a groovision theme, with a gradient color poop. The gradient poop also appears in the movie and advertising material.
Limited edition of the single includes a "designer mini-poo towel". In the first press-edition of the regular version you get a "your eyes eye poop sticker".


text:
World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology
Vol.07 No.03(2017), Article ID:76898,9 pages
10.4236/wjnst.2017.73012
Gamma Radiation Measurements of Naturally Occurring Radioactive in Igneous Rocks and Its Radiological Complications
Jamilah Al-Zahrani
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).
Received: May 9, 2017; Accepted: June 12, 2017; Published: June 15, 2017
The concentrations of natural radioactivity were measured in igneous rock samples collected from Albaha region in the south west of Saudi Arabia. A high purity germanium (HPGe) detector was used for analysis. The average activity concentrations for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 35, 31.52 and 843.63 Bq kg−1, respectively. The average absorbed dose rate was 70.86 nGy∙h−1 with a corresponding average annual effective dose 0.09 mSv∙y−1. The average radium equivalent activity value was 145.84 Bq∙kg−1, lower than the international limit 370 Bq∙kg−1. The external and internal indices average values were 0.39 and 0.49, respectively. The average results obtained in this study are lower than the average national and world recommended values, therefore, there is no health risk to the populace of the area. This study provides a baseline map of background radioactivity levels in the Saudi environment and will be used as reference information to assess any changes in the level background due to geological processes.
Natural Radioactivity, Radium, Thorium and Potassium Concentrations, Hazard Index
The importance of this study is based on the igneous rocks. These rocks are divided into different types: the melting of solid rock and the crystallization of molten rock. Some igneous rocks such as granite and basalt have other purposes in industries and commercials due to their high clay mineral element. Therefore, the radioactive contents of various radionuclides in rocks may play an important role in health conditions and geoscientific research. These radionuclides create risk exposure both externally and internally due to their gamma-ray emissions, their radon and progenies. The main natural contributor to external exposure is from the original radionuclides, such as 40K, and the radionuclides from 238U and 232Th series and their decay materials [1] . Conducting an assessment, the activity of these radionuclides in the environmental samples is necessary to control the radiation levels [2] . The radioactive elements of various radionuclides in rocks may affect the health. Thus, numerous studies have been performed in many regions of the world, and the obtained data can be used to establish if the local controls are needed [3] - [10] . The major objective of this work is to estimate the radiological effects of the specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in some rock samples collected from a part of the south west in Saudi Arabia (Albaha region). According to a literature survey, there are no previous data for the rock activities in the studied region. The present data are of great interest in the environmental radiation protection study and may be helpful as a baseline in making estimations of population's exposure in Saudi Arabia. These results are useful, since these types of rocks are available in the building and ornamental materials.
Description of Study Area
This study was carried out in Albaha region in the south west of Saudi Arabia. This region lies on Longitude 41˚E, 42˚E and Latitude 19˚N, 20˚N. It is the smallest of the Kingdom's provinces (11,000 square km) and has a population of 533,001. This specific region has been chosen for this study due to its rocky location where there is a variety of igneous rocks used as building materials. In addition, no previous significant work about radioactivity has been done. The studied area was illustrated in Figure 1.
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Samples
Thirty igneous rock samples have been collected randomly from various locations in Albaha region, southwestern part of Saudi Arabia. In the laboratory the rocks were crushed and pulverized to a uniform mixture, dried in an oven at 110˚C and sieved to a particulate size of about 2 mm. About 500 mg of powder
Figure 1. Location map of the study area.
samples were filled with Polyethylene containers, sealed for four weeks before measurement to reach secular equilibrium between 226Ra and 232Th and their decay products [11] .
2.2. Measurements
The gamma-rays emitted by the rock samples were measured by using High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector gamma-ray spectrometry system of 1.85 keV resolution and 25% relative efficiency with coaxial-type vertical dipstick cryostat. It is surrounded by lead and copper, which provides an efficient suppression of background gamma radiation present at the laboratory. The system has a resolution (FWHM) of (3.0 - 3.5 keV) for 1332.5 keV gamma-ray peak of 60Co and a peak to a Compton ratio of 41:1. The spectra were analyzed by commercially available software GE-NIE-2000 obtained from Canberra, USA. Counting of samples and background was done for 36,000s duration. The activity concentration for 226Ra was determined by using the average obtained by gamma peaks at 351.87 keV, 295.09 (214 Pb) and 609.31 keV, 1120.27 keV, 1764.49 keV (214Bi), while 232Th from gamma peaks 238.63 keV (212 Pb) and 911.21 keV (228Ac), finally, 40K from 1460 keV gamma peak. The radioactivity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the environmental samples were calculated using the following relation [10] [11] [12] :
where A is the activity concentration in Bq∙kg−1, NC is the net gamma counting rate (counts per second), ε the detector efficiency of the definite Gamma-ray, γ is the absolute transition probability of Gamma-decay and m the mass of the sample (kg).
2.3. Calculations
The radium equivalent activity of the granite samples was calculated by using the formula [1] [11] [12] :
where ARa, ATh and Ak are the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. This formula is based on the assumption that 370 Bq∙kg−1 of 226 Ra, 259 Bq∙kg−1 of 232Th and 481 Bq∙kg−1 of 40K produce the same gamma-ray dose rate [13] . A value of 370 Bq∙kg−1 corresponds to 1 mSv∙y−1.
The external hazard index (Hex) is a radiation hazard index defined by [14] . This index value must be less than unity to keep the radiation hazard insignificant, i.e., the radiation exposure due to the radioactivity of construction materials to be limited to 1.5 mSv∙years−1 [15] , based on the formula [14] :
In order to address the radiation hazard to respiratory organs due to 222Rn and its radiation hazard to respiratory organs due to 222Rn and its progeny, the internal hazard index Hin which is given by [14] :
where ARa, ATh and Ak are the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. For safe, use of a material in the construction of dwellings, Hex and Hin should be less than unity [16] .
The total air absorbed dose rate (nGy∙h−1) due to the activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K (Bq/kg) can be calculated using the activity concentration (in Bq∙kg−1) of 40K(AK),226Ra (ARa) and 232Th (ATh) substituted into the formula [1] :-
The annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) was calculated from the absorbed dose by applying the dose conversion factor of 0.7 SvG∙y−1 with an outdoor occupancy factor of 0.2 [1] :
Table 1 shows the values of activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K and the corresponding radiological hazards were obtained from thirty rock samples collected from Albaha region in the South west of Saudi Arabia. From this Table, it can be seen that the activity concentrations of 40K varied between 124.19 Bq∙kg−1 in sample (R9) to 2353.19 Bq∙kg−1 in sample (R27) with a mean value of 843.63 Bq∙kg−1. 226Ra concentrations varied from 7.39 Bq∙kg−1 in sample (R21) to 82.85 Bq∙kg−1 in sample (R27) with a mean of 35 Bq∙kg−1. The concentrations of 232Th varied from 12.09 Bq∙kg−1 in sample (R15) to 82.96 Bq∙kg−1 in sample (R7) with a mean value of 31.52 Bq∙kg−1. The mean activity concentration values for 226Ra and, 232Th were lower than the recommended radioactivity levels of 50, 50 as reported by UNSCEAR 2000, while 40K mean concentration was found to be greater than the global value 500 Bq∙kg−1. The variations of natural radioactivity levels in different samples are due to the variation of concentrations of these elements in the geological formations. The high activity concentration of 40K in some rock samples may be attributed to the presence of relatively increased amount of accessory minerals such as zircon, iron oxides, fluorite and other radioactive related minerals [17] [18] . In general, Potassium-40 is usually of limited interest because it is an isotope of an essential element, controlled in the human cells [19] . However, the 40K mean value of this study is still more below the rigid control 100,000 Bq∙kg−1 as given by IAEA [20] . So, the present results indicated that, the activity concentrations in the rock samples are quite uniform and do not show any considerable variation. Figure 2 shows the activity concentration of uranium, potassium and radium in the collected samples. Figure 3(a) and Figure 3(b) show that there is a good linear correlation (R2 = 0.80 and 0.83) between the activity concentration of Ra, Th and Ra, K, respectively. Table 1 summarized the results of the hazard parameters as the following:-
The values of Raeq for all samples range from 53.72 to 339.36 Bq∙kg−1 with a mean value145.84 Bq∙kg−1. These obtained values were below the recommended maximum value of 370 Bq∙kg−1, which is equivalent to an external dose of 1.5
Table 1. Values of radioactivity concentrations and radiation hazard parameters for rock samples under investigation.
mSv∙y−1. Therefore, the rock samples are within an acceptable safe limit. The external hazard (Hex) in the rock samples ranged from 0.14 to 0.98 with a mean
Figure 2. Activity concentrations of radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in rock samples from South western, Saudi Arabia.
(a) (b)
Figure 3. (a, b), Correlations between 226Ra and 238U and between 226Ra and 40K in selected rock samples.
value of 0.39. Also, the internal hazard (Hin), its values ranged from 0.17 to 1.21 with a mean value of 0.49. Three samples (R7, R12, R27) had an internal hazard values above the recommended limit of 1.0 which implies that these samples are not suitable as interior building materials and may be a source of internal radon and its progeny, while the other samples have Hin values below the recommended limit. In general, for the safe use of a material in the construction of dwellings, Hex and Hin should be less than unity. The estimated absorbed dose rate varied from 26.14 to 179.83 nGy∙h−1. The mean absorbed dose rate was calculated to be 70.86 nGy∙h−1 within the typical range of worldwide average values (18 - 93) reported in UNSCEAR 2000. The calculated values of annual effective dose (AEDE) ranged from 0.032 to 0.221 mSv∙y−1 with a mean value 0.09 mSv∙y−1. The recommended upper limit of 1 mSv∙y−1 is not exceeded in all samples. This means that these rock samples are safety for human health.
Figure 4 shows a comparison between the average radium equivalent activity (Bq/kg) and the absorbed dose rate (nGy∙h−1) for rock samples under investigation. Table 2 compares the average values of natural radioactivity for rocks in the present study with the obtained data for other countries. As shown in this table, the radioactivity in rock samples varied from one country to another
Figure 4. Radium equivalent and absorbed dose in rock samples, south western, Saudi Arabia.
Table 2. Comparison of natural radioactivity concentration (Bq/kg) in the present study with the reported values of the world.
depends on the locality geological conditions [9] [11] [16] . In general, the results of this study are comparable to the different published studies as listed in this Table.
Gamma ray spectrometry has been used to determine the radioactivity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the rock samples, collected from Albaha region in the south west of Saudi Arabia. The results show that the activity concentrations of 226Ra and 232Th consent with the world-wide average recommended values. The radium equivalent activity values were below the permissible limits 370 Bq/kg. The values of external, internal hazard index and outdoor effective dose were found less than unity. Therefore, the study area is still in the zones of normal radiation level. This data may provide a guideline for future measurement and assessment of possible radiological risks to human health in this region.
Al-Zahrani, J. (2017) Gamma Radiation Measurements of Naturally Occurring Radioactive in Igneous Rocks and Its Radiological Complications. World Journal of Nuclear Science and Te- chnology, 7, 136-144. https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2017.73012
1. UNSCEAR (2000) Annex B: Exposure from Natural Radiation Sources. Report to General Assembly, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), New York.
2. Turhan, Ş., Baykan, U.N. and Şen, K. (2008) Measurement of the Natural Radioactivity in Building Materials Used in Ankara and Assessment of External Doses. Journal of Radiological Protection, 28, 83.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746/28/1/005
3. El-Bahi, S.M., et al. (2017) Radiological Impact of Natural Radioactivity in Egyptian Phosphate Rocks, Phosphogypsum and Phosphate Fertilizers. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 123, 121-127.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.02.031
4. Prakash, M.M., Kaliprasad, C.S. and Narayana, Y. (2017) Studies on Natural Radioactivity in Rocks of Coorg District, Karnataka State, India. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 10, 128-134.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2017.02.003
5. Rangaswamy, D.R., et al. (2016) Measurement of Natural Radioactivity and Radiation Hazard Assessment in Rock Samples of Ramanagara and Tumkur Districts, Karnataka, India. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 1-11.
6. Zubair, M. (2015) Measurement of Natural Radioactivity in Rock Samples Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry. Radiation Protection and Environment, 38, 11-13.
https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-0464.162820
7. Harb, S., El-Kamel, A.H., Zahran, A.M., Abbady, A. and Ahmed, F.A. (2014). Natural Radioactivity Measurements of Basalt Rocks in Aden Governorate, South of Yemen on Gulf of Aden. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), 5, 39-48.
https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0563948
8. Gomes, M.E.P., Martins, L.M.O., Neves, L.J.P.F. and Pereira, A.J.C.S. (2013) Natural Radiation and Geochemical Data for Rocks and Soils, in the North International Douro Cliffs (NE Portugal). Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 130, 60-64.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.03.001
9. Harb, S., Abbady, A.E.B., El-Kamel, A.E.H., Saleh, I.I. and El-Mageed, A.I.A. (2012) Natural Radioactivity and Their Radiological Effects for Different Types of Rocks from Egypt. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 81, 221-225.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.11.005
10. Najam, L.A., Firas, M.A. and Enas, M.A. (2011) Natural Radioactivity Levels of Limestone Rocks in Northern Iraq Use Gamma Spectroscopy and Nuclear Track Detector. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 289, 709-715.
11. El-Mageed, A.A., El-Kamel, A.H., Abbady, A., Harb, S., Youssef, A.M.M. and Saleh, I.I. (2011) Assessment of Natural and Anthropogenic Radioactivity Levels in Rocks and Soils in the Environments of Juban Town in Yemen. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 80, 710-715.
12. Hamidalddin, S.H.Q. (2012) Study of Natural Radionuclides of Some Igneous Rocks in Arabian Shield (South of Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah), Saudi Arabia. Journal of American Science, 8, 1524-1529.
13. Stranden, E.R.L.I.N.G. (1976) Some Aspects of Radioactivity of Building Materials. Physics, 8, 163-167.
14. NEA-OECD (1979) Exposure to Radiation from Natural Radioactivity in Building Materials. Report, The Group of Experts of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, NEA, Paris.
15. Beretka, J. and Mathew, P.J. (1985) Natural Radioactivity of Australian Building Materials, Industrial Wastes and By-Products. Health Physics, 48, 87-95.
16. El-Arabi, A.M. (2007) 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K Concentrations in Igneous Rocks from the Eastern Desert, Egypt and Its Radiological Implications. Radiation Measurements, 42, 94-100.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.06.008
17. Faanu, A., Adukpo, O.K., Tettey-Larbi, L., Lawluvi, H., Kpeglo, D.O., Darko, E.O. and Efa, A.O. (2016) Natural Radioactivity Levels in Soils, Rocks and Water at a Mining Concession of Perseus Gold Mine and Surrounding Towns in Central Region of Ghana. Springer Plus, 5, 98.
18. Xinwei, L., Lingqing, W. and Xiaodan, J. (2006) Radiometric Analysis of Chinese Commercial Granites. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 267, 669-673.
19. Awudu, A.R., et al. (2012) Preliminary Studies on 226Ra, 228Ra, 228Th and 40K Concentrations in Foodstuffs Consumed by the Inhabitants of the Accra Metropolitan Area, Ghana. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 291, 635-641.
20. IAEA (1989) International Atomic Energy Agency. Measurement of Radiation in Food and the Environment. Guidebook. Technical Report Series No. 295, IAEA, Vienna.
21. Bella, S., Brai, M., Hauser, S., Puccio, P. and Rizzo, S. (1997) Natural Radioactivity in a Volcanic Island: Ustica, Southern Italy. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 48, 287-293.
22. Pavlidou, S., et al. (2006) Natural Radioactivity of Granites Used as Building Materials. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 89, 48-60.
23. Akkurt, I. and Günoglu, K. (2014) Natural Radioactivity Measurements and Radiation Dose Estimation in Some Sedimentary Rock Samples in Turkey. Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations, 2014, 1-6.
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text:
Judge Restores Congressional Hopeful to March Primary Ballot
Los Angeles County Registrar's Action Based on Signature Insufficiency Overturned
A Sacramento Superior Court judge on Wednesday ordered the name of a Pasadena lawyer to be placed on the March 2 primary ballot for Congress despite a ruling by elections officials that his nominating papers did not have 40 valid signatures.
Judge Gail D. Ohanesian granted a writ petition sought by Harry Frank Scolinos of Scolinos Sheldon & Nevell, who is seeking the Republican nomination to run against Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Pasadena. In a tentative ruling, Ohanesian said the county registrar of voters did not dispute Scolinos' assertion that he was told when he dropped off his petition two days before the filing deadline that he would be "immediately notified" if there was a deficiency.
Ohanesian also noted that the registrar's Web site and Candidate Handbook say a candidate who files early will be "immediately" notified of problems with the number of signatures and will be given an opportunity to obtain additional signatures.
Attempt to Correct Deficiency
"Petitioner turned in his signatures two days ahead of time," Ohanesian wrote. "He attempted to correct the deficiencies in the signatures as soon as he was notified of them on December 9. Assuming that the supplemental signatures are valid, they should be accepted by respondent on the basis of equitable estoppel."
Sacramento attorney Ben Davidian of Bell, McAndrews, Hiltachk & Davidian, who represented Scolinos, expressed satisfaction with the judge's ruling.
"Equity mandated that this be done," Davidian, a former chairman of the Fair Political Practices Commission, said.
Davidian noted that Schiff successfully sought to intervene in the action, calling it "bizarre" that the Democratic incumbent would involve himself in the issue of who might become the Republican nominee.
"This is a Republican fight," Davidian commented, adding:
"One can draw one's own conclusions, but I certainly think its an indication that he's afraid of Mr. Scolinos,"
Schiff Called 'Confident'
Los Angeles lawyer Stephen J. Kaufman of Smith Kaufman, who represented Schiff, challenged that view. Schiff, he said, is "confident that he will win" re-election no matter who the Republican candidate is.
Schiff "has an interest as a candidate in making sure that the rules of the game are applied equally to all candidates," Kaufman said. Schiff was elected to Congress in 2000, defeating then-Rep. James Rogan, R-Glendale.
"From a legal standpoint, we were somewhat surprised that the judge allowed Mr. Scolinos to appear on the ballot given that he did not comply with the legal requirements," Kaufman said. He attributed the outcome to the "unique circumstances" of the case, explaining that Solinos—described by Davidian as a "first time candidate" unfamiliar with election procedures—had been given "contradictory information" by elections officials.
Senior Deputy County Counsel Judy W. Whitehurst, who appeared at the hearing by telephone to represent the registrar, said she did not argue against granting the relief Scolinos sought but tried to make sure Ohanesian had all the facts.
"We don't necessarily want to take a strong position one way or the other," Whitehurst explained. She said "final checking" of the signatures was not completed until after the Dec. 5 deadline, but conceded some staff members in the registrar's office were aware of potential problems with the signatures before that date.
Twelve of Scolinos' signatures were ruled invalid, leaving him four signatures short of the 40 required.
Revisions Contemplated
Whitehurst described herself as "a little surprised" by Ohanesian's ruling, "because I think the burden is on the candidate." She said county officials might have to consider revising the booklet and Web site to avoid similar problems in the future.
"Obviously that's something we'll think about," she commented.
In papers supporting his writ petition, Davidian cited the "Frequently Asked Questions" section of the Candidate Handbook, which warns of the consequences of submitting nomination papers which include signatures which do not belong to registered voters who live in the appropriate jurisdiction.
The section goes on to state:
"The candidate will be notified of any insufficiencies and may submit supplemental signatures on or before the deadline....However, if the candidate waited until the last day to file, there may not be time to obtain the signatures before the 5:00 p.m. close of the nomination period and, therefore, would not qualify as a candidate."
The registrar's Web site, Davidian's memorandum of points and authorities notes, goes even further, declaring:
"The candidate will be notified immediately if there are any irregularities or if he or she is disqualified."


So you think you might be interested in being a veterinary technician or a veterinarian? Below are some websites to help you explore the educational opportunities in our area.
This is a link to the official organization of veterinary technicians and assistants in Georgia. On this website, you'll find information about becoming a technician, and links to the schools in Georgia with technician programs - just click on 'Become an RVT' on the site.
This takes you to the Chattanooga State website, where you can learn more about their veterinary technician associate's degree program.
We're in Georgia, of course! So, what listing is complete without UGA? Go Dawgs!


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Run your café, bar or restaurant with Xero and you'll enjoy integrated point of sale using Vend, no need for expensive tills or equipment. Let your small business thrive through time saved doing tedious administration using Xero.
Monitor staff working hours, and approve annual leave from anywhere on the go. It's easy to use Xero Timesheets to make running payroll fast and simple.
Receipt bank will work with Xero to save you bookkeeping time enabling you to focus on growing your businesses.
Dear seamlessly integrates with Xero to streamline and simplify your inventory system.
FUTRLI is the all in one forecasting & reporting tool for small business owners. Forecast cash flow, create business plans, build KPI dashboards.
A2X works with Xero for Amazon sellers for easier Amazon accounting. A2X will save you time and give you accuracy you can rely on.
Get the retail advantage with Vend's unmatched advanced POS, multi-outlet retail, and inventory management system. Effortlessly sell, manage, report and grow in every way.
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Access Xero whenever you need to.
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Xero connects to many business apps including tools for point of sale, inventory, job tracking, CRM.
Get paid right away. Invoice clients and take payment online.
Unlimited users. Can access same time from different locations.


The South Tyler office of Austin Bank is located in the heart of Tyler just south of Broadway Square Mall and Rice Elementary School. Austin Bank has been at this location since 1996, and the office boasts fast, friendly service with seven quick-response drive thru lanes and an ATM and convenient lobby and drive-thru hours. They strive to build personal relationships with their customers while providing the financial products needed by families and businesses throughout East Texas - checking accounts, savings accounts, consumer loans, business loans, mortgages and more.


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We face risks on a daily basis that can result in serious injury or illness. Accidents can occur in any number of places - accidents at work, road traffic accidents, in a public place or while undergoing medical treatment. Some injuries or illnesses caused by accidents can have potentially life-changing consequences, not only for the individuals who suffer them but also their families. The fault of others may mean we are unable to work temporarily or permanently, or, in more serious cases, the effects of an injury may severely diminishing the quality or length of our life.
When we suffer an injury or illness and it is caused by another person or company's negligence, the law on personal injury offers us protection. It has been designed to hold those who cause damage to another person accountable for their actions, while also supporting victims of another's negligence to recover from, or manage, the effects of their personal injury.
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When an accident that causes you injury and harm is the result of a fault made by another person, you can make a claim for compensation. Accident claims (also known as personal injury claims or compensation claims) are often the most effective way of making sure you are properly compensated for the damage caused when you suffer an injury. Find out how much you can claim for personal injury in Scotland here.
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It is well known that some forms of minerals or other substances can be absorbed better by the body than others. The most commonly used form of magnesium in supplements is inorganic magnesium oxide (MgO), because it is cheap and because it has a high (up to 60%) elemental magnesium content. HOWEVER, the availability of the magnesium in MgO has been assessed at only around 4-5%. So a tablet boasting 500mg MgO is actually only likely to provide around 15mg magnesium. Compare this is with the availability of Magnesium Aspartate at around 42%, Magnesium Citrate at 25%, Magnesium Amino Acid Chelate at 25% or Magnesium Orotate at 20% for example. Organic forms of Magnesium are better tolerated and better absorbed by the body.
Magnesium Organic Ultra-Absorption FX 1000 may be useful to support healthy heart function; muscle relaxation; sleep and relaxation; nervous system balance; PMS associated with cramps and changes in mood; anxiety, mood & irritability.
Take 1-2 tablets, or as prescribed by a healthcare professional. As magnesium may promote restful sleep it is suggested that tablets are taken in the evening.
Taking too much magnesium may lead to diarrhoea. More serious problems can develop with excessive magnesium intake from magnesium-containing laxatives. However the amounts of magnesium found in nutritional supplements are unlikely to cause such problems.
Magnesium has a range of beneficial and adverse interactions with various medications so if you are taking a medication you should check with your health professional before taking it.
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A great combination of magnesium, Vitamin D3 and selenium. All helpful especially for an older person.
Use this product every day.
I would encourage anyone needing a more restful sleep to read the Overview of this product carefully as it seems many other forms of magnesium simply don't work well - as I found to my cost - literally :-) This one is absolutely brilliant however, so I'm sticking to it.
Great price and great product. As are all Sanderson products in my opinion. Helps me get ready for sleep and to sleep soundly.
As a long term cardiac patient, I consider that regular Magnesium supplent assists in the control of ectopics and works well as an adjunct to my AF treatment.
Just started these new Magnesium Tablets.
Recommend for Fibro and Parkinsons to aid a deeper sleep for longer! Helps to rest the sore muscles to.


text:
Спинифексите (Spinifex) са род растения от семейство Житни (Poaceae).

Таксонът е описан за пръв път от шведския ботаник и зоолог Карл Линей през  година.

Видове
 Spinifex alterniflorus
 Spinifex fragilis
 Spinifex gaudichaudii
 Spinifex hirsutus
 Spinifex inermis
 Spinifex littoreus
 Spinifex longifolius
 Spinifex paradoxus
 Spinifex sericeus

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Welcome to your elegant 4 bed, 2.5 bath home w/ over 3600 sq ft of developed living space. Located on an extra large private lot in the highly coveted community of Bel-Aire. Your new home is only 5 mins from the Calgary Golf & Country Club & 10 mins to Downtown. This picture perfect Father of the Bride meets Norman Rockwell Home is absolutely stunning & includes many upgrades: new Hardy board siding & insulation, new roof w/ a 35 yr warranty, new furnace, new hot water tank, new windows, all plaster cornice mouldings, solid maple interior doors, Chef's quality eat-in kitchen w/ granite countertops, farmhouse sink, Professional Series Thermador 6 burner gas cooktop, 2 built-in ovens, Ultra line fridge & Bosch dishwasher. In addition, your new abode features a sunken living room w/ wood burning fireplace, formal dining room, in-floor heated mud/laundry room, new hardwood flooring in kitchen & foyer, 2 new bathrooms w/ granite counters, heated floors & Kohler fixtures & an underground sprinkler system.


text:
Van Hollen, Cardin, Chesapeake Bay Watershed Senators Urge Strong Funding for Bay Restoration Efforts
Senators call for more than $90 million for EPA Chesapeake Bay Program, $440 million for federal grants to support clean water
Today, U.S. Senators Chris Van Hollen and Ben Cardin (D-Md.) and fellow Chesapeake Bay State-senators Tom Carper (D-Del.), Bob Casey (D-Pa.), Mark Warner (D-Va.), Kirstin Gillibrand (D-N.Y.), Chris Coons (D-Del.) and Tim Kaine (D-Va.) announced that they urged Senate leaders to support across-the-board funding sufficient to answer the many threats facing the health of the Chesapeake Bay watershed.
"Our states are heavily invested in implementing a Chesapeake Clean Water Blueprint designed to restore this national treasure. Continued federal partnership to support this complex, regional effort is key to their success," the senators write. "To maintain the trust and collaboration of state and local partners, we have identified essential programs across the federal agency partners in Fiscal Year 2023 (FY23)."
Notably, the senators advocate funding levels of $15 million for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Chesapeake WILD program; $10.7 million for the NOAA Chesapeake Bay Office; $5.6 million for National Park Service Chesapeake Bay Office programs; and more than $17 million for scientific and monitoring services of the U.S. Geological Survey.
"As a testament to the value of this federal-state partnership, all watershed states signed the 2014 Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement. Under the Agreement, the jurisdictions and federal agencies have voluntarily committed to work together to restore water quality in the Chesapeake Bay by 2025," write the senators. "We must maintain federal investment in the programs below to support state-led efforts and ensure their continued success."
Full text of the letter is available HERE.


SAHARA SAVANNA?: The sediment deposits in northern Chad's Lake Yoa, pictured here, reveal how the once-green Sahara became a dusty desert.
In a finding that may help scientists better predict the pace of climate change, research published in Science shows how the Sahara Desert, a region as big as the U.S. that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea across northern Africa, went from bountiful to bone-dry over a period of several thousand years.
Scientists peered into the Sahara's verdant past by analyzing sediment samples drilled out of the bottom of one of the desert's last living lakes. The samples revealed long-held secrets of how desert-friendly species replaced tropical plants and animals as monsoon rains retreated farther south into the continent.
Finding such a detailed archive in a place as desolate as the Sahara was quite unexpected. "It's the only record of its kind," says study co-author James Russell, an assistant professor of geological sciences at Brown University.
The researchers found bits of pollen, algae, insects, sand and minerals in the samples from Lake Yoa in northern Chad, which they determined had accumulated into thin layers over the past 6,000 years.
"It's like looking at tree rings," says lead study author Stefan Kröpelin, a geoarcheologist at the Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology at the University of Cologne in Germany. "These layers give us detailed seasonal information, and it is even possible to determine which year a species was introduced."
Like slides in a presentation, the sediment layers reveal how these humid conditions changed and reduced Yoa to an isolated oasis. Tropical plants and evergreen shrubs, still plentiful about 5,500 years ago, began to decline as the area dried out over the next 1,000 years. The desiccation continued, and, by 700 B.C., mostly desert flora like the hardy acacia tree dotted the now-parched landscape.
This gradual shift in the Sahara's overall climate contradicts a common theory that the region dried rapidly over a few hundred years, and provides clues about a potential re-greening triggered by global warming, Kröpelin says.
The data also confirms that a drop in rainfall was the major reason the area turned into a dusty badland. Based on the sediment samples, the researchers determined that Yoa's waters suddenly grew quite salty about 4,000 years ago. They speculate the salinity spiked because the streams that had previously drained salt out of the lake vanished as rainfall lessened. This abrupt event shows how a relatively small occurrence—such as a slight slide in rainfall—may have a tremendous impact.
"It's like turning a dial for the rain, but flipping a switch for the lake," says Richard Alley, a professor of geosciences at Pennsylvania State University who was not involved in the study.
This crossing of such a threshold, which could result in rapid changes in a region's climate through a series of local events, has stoked fears of spreading deserts in the Sahel, a semiarid region just south of the Sahara. Scientists worry that a runaway "positive feedback" loop, in which one event reinforces or strengthens the next, is already taking place, with fewer plants leading to less rain, leading to still fewer plants, and so on.
Kröpelin says that the new findings will help climatologists fine-tune their computer models—which he says were wrong about what happened to the Sahara—to more accurately predict the effect of global warming.
SWEET SUCCESS Actual change in rainfall (solid blue line) and model prediction (solid red line) at different latitudes from 1925 to 1999. The shaded region is the error estimate of the models, while the dotted red line is the model scaled up to match the data.
Models of climate change can predict and explain shifting rainfall patterns globally, says a new study. In a study set to come out inNature tomorrow, an international group of scientists reports that they simulated atmospheric behavior using several different models and used them to forecast anthropogenically driven changes in average annual rainfall at different latitudes from 1925 to 1999. The predictions matched actual rainfall measurements during the 75-year period, both in the magnitude (amount) and the trend (increase or decrease) of precipitation. The move comes just five months after the release of an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, which contained accurate predictions of temperature variations due to global warming using the same models.
These trends would further desiccate many of the world's great deserts like the Sahara and the Arabian (both in the northern subtropics), whereas tropical rain forests like those in Amazonia and Africa straddling the equator and the southern tropic zone would get wetter. Most of Europe, and Canada, lying above 40 degrees north as well as southern Greenland are expected to get more drenched. This sets up a competition of sorts between higher snowfall, which increases the Arctic ice cover, and the higher temperatures that melt it. "Overall, I expect warming to win in the long run," says study co-author Gabriele Hegerl of Duke University.


Fender benders can happen to anyone. In 2013, rear-end crashes totaled to 1.8 million. The majority of these crashes did not result in injuries, but rather just property damage. If you are in a fender bender and are not injured, you may feel the need to just let it go and not deal with it immediately. This is the last thing you should do.
There are ten things that you may want to do after you've just been in an accident, but should avoid doing at all costs.
Do not drive away from the scene. Texas law actually requires anyone who has been in a car accident involving any type of damage or injury to immediately stop his or her vehicle.
Call 911. The person who hit you may say you do not need to get the police involved, but in order to file a claim with the insurance company, or even a lawsuit, you need the police report to back up your story. A police report will include critical information about the car accident, such as road conditions, names and contact information of witnesses and an official write-up of how the accident occurred.
Do not get upset. Keep your cool. It is a trying time, but getting mad and screaming at the other person will not help the situation move along.
Do not admit fault, either at the scene of the car accident or in the conversation with the insurance provider after. Obviously do not lie about what happened, but avoid sayings like, "It was my fault." These can be used against you later when the other person is either trying to avoid paying for damages or filing a lawsuit against you. You should also avoid apologizing, as this may turn into an admission of guilt in court.
Do not neglect the aftermath. Make sure you get yourself checked out for any unknown injuries from the accident, contact your insurance provider and deal with any legal repercussions.
Never speak to the other party's insurance company without a lawyer present. An insurance company will attempt to persuade you to settle your insurance claim for as little as possible and swindle you out of what you deserve. They will ask you what happened in the accident and attempt to use what you say against you. A lawyer will be able to handle the insurance provider's attempts to trip you up.
Never enter an unfair settlement. If you believe you deserve more after the accident, do not allow the insurance company to convince you that you deserve less than that. A lawyer will fight on your behalf and make sure you get what is owed to you.
Do not file a lawsuit without the assistance of a car accident lawyer. If you do, it could cost you more money and you could risk having your suit dismissed.
Finally, it is important to understand how a lawyer will help you with your claim. A lawyer can help you with everything pertaining to you case and fight for your compensation.


The Kansas Board of Education hired Dr. Amy Robertson as the new principal of Pittsburg High School. Maddie Baden (17) from the student newspaper decided to write an article about her. Students on the newspaper staff reviewed the article and found inconsistencies and odd details.
The school newspaper has won many regional and national awards.
Baden said, "No one knew who Robertson was." Baden and her fellow students began investigating the future principal's background and credentials. Before long, the students began to realize there was something fishy about the situation.
'The Booster Redux' staff members had actually uncovered some articles from 2012 that actually stated Robertson's involvement with the Dubai American Scientific School revealing that she did not have the right to work as the institution's principal and that the school's license had also been suspended.
Baden later told 'The Kansas City Star' that the old newspapers "raised a red flag. If students could uncover all of this, I want to know why the adults couldn't." As a consequence, half a dozen students spent around three weeks looking into their future principal's background. They soon discovered that they had only just touched the surface of the scandal.
The team of investigators decided to look deeply into Robertson's past education. For example, she had said that she had received a master's degree and a doctorate from Corllins University. Robertson also stated that she had taken online classes and also visited the campus in Stockton, California, from time to time.
When the students decided to check the college's website, they couldn't find any truth that the institution ever existed in the first place. The Better Business Bureau also claims that Corllins is not an accredited business and has no known physical address. There have actually been reports that accuse the college of being a scam that allows people to buy a degree.
Soon after, 'The Booster Redux' published an article on the front page of its March 31, 2017 issue, revealing everything they've found. Editor of the paper, Trina Paul explained that the publication had wanted to expose the truth after noticing inconsistencies in Robertson's story.
In light of all the issues that arose, Amy Robertson felt that it was in the best interest of the district to resign her position.


A word of warning: All the students who are going to study for AIEEE may keep this at the back of their mind. Life isnt such a nice place at all. And I didnt even post pictures of ragging in the so called colleges of Pune and Bangalore.
Alex Smart (said : "Kitnay aadmi the re, Kalia"


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vs. Bryan Clay Invitational
vs. Beach Invitational
vs. CCAA Championships
Sat, May 04
vs. Occidental College Invitational
vs. NCAA Championships
Women's All-Time Top-10
Men's All-Time Top-10
2018 Women's Best Marks
2018 Men's Best Marks
2015 Best Marks
2012 Women's Top 5
2012 Men's Top 5
Stadium Records
Photo by: Nick Feller/UCSD Athletics
Junior Avery Schulhofer and the Tritons' 4x100 relay team took first place at the Rossi Relays.
Eshiet, Polk Lead Way With Pro-Qualifying Marks at Rossi Relays
Results html
CLAREMONT, Calif. — The University of California San Diego track and field teams took another step forward in the second meet of the 2019 season on Saturday, competing at the Rossi Relays hosted by Claremont-Mudd-Scripps.
Junior Josef Polk posted his first provisional-qualifying time of the season, earning first place in the 400-meter hurdles with a time of 53.04-seconds. Senior Nicholas Rack finished first in the 110 hurdles with a pro-qualifying time for the second-consecutive meet to begin 2019, this time crossing the finish line in 14.32.
Senior Aria Sadeghi placed first in the men's hammer throw with a toss of 180'1.0" (54.89), just missing the pro-qualifying mark of 180'9.0" (55.08).
In addition, the Tritons' 4x800 relay team of senior Aren Johnson, sophomore Elijah Horwitz, senior Nick Famolaro and junior Tim Corvese placed first with a time of 7:56.22.
On the women's side, junior Gabby Eshiet's pro-qualifying toss in the shot put of 46-feet, 3.50-inches (14.11-meters) was good for first place on Saturday and No. 3 all-time in program history. It also just missed the final cut for the 2018 national qualifiers, which was 47'2.5" (14.39).
Senior Kelly Strand took first in the 400 hurdles with a time of 1:02.22, barely missing the provisional mark of 1:01.92. Meanwhile, the Tritons' 4x100 relay team of senior Caroline Page, freshman Ashley King, sophomore Mckenna Meaney and junior Avery Schulhofer earned first place on Saturday with a time of 47.64.
UC San Diego continues action next weekend at the Beach Opener hosted by Long Beach State, where it will be joined by UC Irvine, UC Santa Barbara and others.
For complete coverage and information regarding UC San Diego Athletics, follow the Tritons online at UCSDtritons.com and through social media on Twitter (@ucsdtritons), Instagram (@ucsdtritons) and Facebook (ucsdtritons).
Matt Bowen, Natalie Caraway Named SDSA Stars of the Month
Nicholas Rack Takes Sixth in 110 Hurdles to Conclude NCAA Championships
Natalie Caraway, Matt Bowen Claim All-America First Team Honors on Day 2 of NCAA...


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Healing the Scars: Helping a Car Accident Survivor Move Forward from a Devastating Crash
How many times have you hopped into your car with friends or family to go get something to eat? Would you ever imagine that one of those times a member of your group would be killed in a car accident, and that you would have to bear the scars of the tragedy for the rest of your life?
Sarah Alvarez* never imagined such a thing would happen—until a negligent uninsured motorist changed her life forever.
Five people were in the car: Alice* (Sarah's sister), who was driving; Sarah, riding in the passenger seat; and Alice's three children, riding in back.
The uninsured motorist hit them head-on, killing Alice on impact. The tremendous force of the collision caused Alice's car to roll over several times and Alice's body to come free from her seat belt. As the car came to rest on the passenger side, Alice's body landed across Sarah, who was trapped in her seat. Sarah had to wait for what seemed an eternity, her sister's lifeless body lying across her, before they could be freed from the wreckage.
Amazingly, there was some good news: The three children in back escaped physical injury, though they now faced the prospect of life without their mother. And Sarah, in spite of the nightmare she'd endured, also emerged with few physical injuries, save for a large gash across her forehead.
But the physical scar from that wound, not to mention the emotional scars from the whole experience, would remain with her long after the accident.
A Life Changed Forever
We sought compensation for Sarah based on the scar she sustained and the emotional nightmare associated with it. Every time she looked in the mirror and saw the scar at the top of her forehead, she relived the accident, the memory of her sister lying lifeless on top of her, of being trapped there, helpless to do anything for Alice.
The heartbreak and anxiety resulting from the crash was obvious. Sarah was no longer the bubbly, energetic teenage girl she'd been before the accident. Now she was downcast, rarely looking up at people, and extremely self-conscious about that scar, always trying to hide it with her hair.
Car Accident Victims vs. Insurance Companies
On behalf of Sarah, we first sued the driver who hit Alice's car, but he was uninsured. That forced us to sue the insurance company that had issued Alice and Sarah their uninsured motorist coverage. This might seem a bit odd—suing your client's own insurance company—but it's common in personal injury or car accident lawsuits.
In our experience, no matter whose insurance company it is, at the end of the day an insurance company is interested in one thing: making money. Even if you've been a loyal customer paying premiums on time over several years, and even if you've suffered serious injuries, they will do their best to pay out as little as possible on your claim.
Sarah's insurance company initially offered her $10,000, which was a ridiculously low sum given what Sarah had endured—and what she still faced going forward. So we chose to let a jury decide what was fair. At trial, the insurance company's lawyer downplayed Sarah's scar and told the jury that it was hardly noticeable. We reminded the jury that a scar is only small when it's on someone else's face. The jury gave the highest verdict for a case involving a scar in the county's history.
Obtaining the Greater Good
While we were happy with the jury's verdict, our satisfaction really had less to do about the size of the award, and more about obtaining justice for a young woman devastated by a car accident. We hoped we could help bring some measure of closure so she could move forward.
All of this should be no surprise. When you put yourself in the shoes of clients and start to feel what they're experiencing—all of the emotions, the grief of losing a loved one—you can't help but be moved to do everything you possibly can for them.
And we weren't the only ones moved by Sarah's situation. One unforgettable scene at the end of the trial really hit home how much Sarah had been affected, and how much others wanted to help. After the jury found in Sarah's favor, some women from the jury came down from where they'd been seated, hugged her, and said to this dejected, self-conscious young woman, "Listen. You look up at people. Look them in the eye. You're a beautiful young girl and don't let anyone tell you otherwise."
It was a powerful moment.
A Young Life Moves Forward
Helpful, supportive words like those, as well as the closure that comes from seeing justice done, have had a wonderfully positive impact for Sarah as she's struggled to create a new life for herself after surviving the car accident.
She's since finished school and entered the workplace, and she's done the best she can to put her tragedy behind her. We still talk a lot with her brother, Andres*, and he tells us she's doing well.
And that's really all we can ask for. Let's face it: After a traumatizing experience like what Sarah went through, nobody can expect her to simply forget what happened. It will always be with her on some level—just like that scar.
But the positive outcome in a case like this often enables people who've suffered horrible tragedies to recognize that they've done everything they can for their lost loved one and their family, and it's OK to move forward.


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The Next Dr Strange?
My life has held many revelations about the nature of humanity, and our collective future.
Just as when your intuition is consistently reminding of you of the "ideal" choice or course of action, this has held true for me regrading bigger instances of my life path.
In considering my life purpose, I've often shifted to allowing missions, visions and milestones to arrive, just as intuition does. When they do, the option to surrender and accept them (higher self) versus fight against them (ego) arises.
In helping the world spiritually awaken, one strategy that has always felt true is the pattern of influence through entertainment. For most of us, when we are being entertained, we are passive, receptive.
This state allows us to be open, and in a sense, reprogrammed. If, when we're receptive, we read / watch / listen to lots of inspiring, personal-growth focused, and educational material, our minds and lives shift in that direction. The same is true for violent, angry, fear-based programming, whatever the source.
There's mountains of research on this, and I'm not going to start citing things and bring about another great debate. I know what's true for me in my own experience, and the people I've interacted with, and an exhaustive study of psychology, spirituality and human nature from many perspectives.
As I write this in April of 2019, we are experiencing a refreshing era of spiritual transmission through mainstream entertainment. Specifically, the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).
In Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy 2, rich messages were transmitted:
1) Divine lineage
2) How to manifest and project chi
3) Self love, and loving oneself through qualities rather than appearances
If you watch the movie with these ideas in mind, the people and scenes make them clear. I won't go into exhaustive detail to avoid spoilers, but will say that the planting of seeds is expertly done.
In Ant Man and the Wasp, similar seeds were planted: The many worlds hypothesis, quantum entanglement, channeling, energy healing and forgiveness, just to name a few. In Dr. Strange, it was Astral Projection, surrendering of ego, the nature of power and identity, and holistic evaluation of character, rather than one-dimensional judgment.
Again, I could elaborate on these, but the intelligent and perceptive viewer will pick them up. The transmission will be much richer with only these guideposts, though in the future I will be making videos with scenes from these movies to illustrate these points. If you want to support these efforts to help awaken humanity en masse via pointing out parallels in popular culture to audiences of 100M+, please visit http://patreon.com/magicaljoy. Your supportive co-creation would be wonderful to receive with gratitude 🙂
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My future with Marvel exists as an intention, idea, plan and eventuality, depending on your perspective and the reality of the timelines as you see them. Since all possibilities exist in all worlds, I will be shifting my awareness consciously to align with the timeline where I become the next Dr Strange, after Benedict Cumberbatch retires from the role.
Whether we experience that universe together remains to be seen (and, in part, decided upon by you, for all that is known about collective intention).
What has led to this plan (as some would call it) is my knowing of a future speaking and teaching globally, and in strategically aligned entertainment.
Those seeking a spiritual path often already know their motivation, and just need reminders, structure, and community. Those open to spirituality but not yet clear on the practical nature of it can be shown the exciting parts — while although exaggerated by fiction, do often carry seeds of real truth, as in the movies above.
What would the effects be if the one who played a master Magician on stage was actually a master Magician in real life, and not just the kind that pulled bunnies out of hats? What if, instead of a mainstream Hollywood actor doing a stellar job in a legendary role, you had someone following their Personal Legend?
There are many requirements for this plan to succeed. The ones I'm aware of and ready to take on, I'm taking on. And I'm also fully aware and in full surrender of all the millions of factors (including other actors who want the role and have a richer history in Hollywood) that can shape the story differently. Perhaps these make it easier to Let Go, a key ingredient in any good system of manifestation.
It's not fame or fortune that I seek. Goddess knows that those are far easier to come by than this plan. It's simply that this road is one which is right for me — if not prescribed for me — and so I shall follow it, as long as all feels aligned.
What do you think? About any or all of the above — your thoughts and feedback are always welcome 🙂
I see you.
I believe in you.
-David Solomon
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Hope is the pillar holding up the world.
When I realised the many negative outcomes than an excluded student may face this prompted me to start a not-for-profit organisation called Say It With Your Chest. I started Say It With Your Chest because I had hope that things could be implemented to help those who are at risk of being excluded from school. I also wanted to show young people that there was hope.
My story – I have several years experience working with young people in different educational settings, where I have successfully improved behaviour, grades, confidence and attendance. I also have a first class psychology degree and I have completed training in counselling skills and adverse childhood experiences.I am passionate about using my skills, experience and knowledge to improve young people's future outcomes and empowering young people to raise their aspirations.
One in four students who are excluded are not in education, employment or training between the ages of 16-19 (Department of Education, 2011).
An excluded student is four times more likely to be jailed as an adult (The University of Edinburgh, 2016).
Only 1% of excluded students go on to receive five good GCSE grades ( IPPR, 2017).
Not engaging with school and being excluded are very strong indicators for those who are at risk of involvement in youth violence (Youth Safety Taskforce, 2018).
Nine out of ten young people who are in contact with the criminal justice system due to youth violence were excluded from school ( The Greater London Authority, 2018).
When I realised the many negative outcomes that an excluded student may face this prompted me to start a not-for-profit organisation called Say It With Your Chest. I started Say It With Your Chest because I had hope that things could be implemented to help those who are at risk of being excluded from school. I also wanted to show young people who were at risk of being excluded that there was hope for them and that not everyone had given up on them.
Young people are the future therefore they need to be supported to thrive. This is something that Say It With Your Chest aims to do through the delivery of our Switch Ambassador Programme. The programme consists of bespoke group workshops and 1:1 mentoring sessions. The Department of Education's statistics show that students with particular pupil characteristics are excluded more than other students. These are students with special educational needs, students who are eligible for free school meals and students from the black and minority ethnic community. We therefore focus on supporting these students.
I started Say It With Your Chest in 2018 and a year later I was awarded a Shackleton Leadership Award for my work with Say It With Your Chest. I was given a leadership award as it was recognised that the Switch Ambassador Programme '' is an inspirational project and run by a promising leader with the will to make a difference.'' Receiving a leadership award is a testament to my drive and ambition in achieving a better future for young people.
The Roman author Pliny the Elder comments that '' hope is the pillar that holds up the world.'' With this in mind my hope for the future is that young people feel like valued members of society, certain young people are not disproportionately excluded from school, young people are supported to reach their full potential and young people are given a voice regarding things that impact them.
If you would like to find out more about Say It With Your Chest the website is www.sayitwithyourchest.co.uk