text:
\section{\label{}}

\section{Introduction}
The discovery of the top quark by the D\O\xspace and CDF collaborations over a
decade ago was one of the crowning achievments of Fermilab's Tevatron
collider~\citep{topdiscovery}.  It was a testament to the tremendous success of
the standard model as a theory of particle interactions.  Over the years, much
effort has been devoted to the measurement and understanding of its properties.
Of these, the single property that has perhaps received the most attention is
the mass.  Over 30 times larger than the $b$ quark mass, the sheer magnitude of
the top quark mass suggests a special role in the mechanism of electroweak
symmetry breaking.  The current interest in a precise measurement of the top
quark mass, together with that of the $W$ boson mass, is driven by the fact that
they provide powerful constraints on the mass of the Higgs boson through
radiative corrections, indicating the range in which to conduct
searches~\citep{lepewwg}.  In addition, it can also help constrain possible
extensions of the standard model.

We present, in this talk, the latest measurements from D\O\xspace and CDF of the top
quark mass using different analysis techniques and top quark decay channels.
These results are based on up to 2 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected per experiment at
Fermilab's Tevatron.

\section{Decay Channels}
The top quark mass measurements presented here are based on top quarks that are
produced as \ensuremath{t\bar{t}}\xspace pairs via the strong interaction.  In the Standard Model,
each top quark in the pair decays into a $W$ boson and a $b$ quark nearly 100\% of
the time resulting in a $W^{+}W^{-}b\overline{b}$ final state.  The subsequent
decays of the two $W$ bosons define the different top quark decay channels or
topologies.

The first of these decay channels is the dilepton channel in which both $W$
bosons decay ``leptonically" into a lepton and its associated neutrino.  This is
the cleanest channel with the lowest background levels dominated by Drell-Yan
processes with associated jets.  Additional sources include diboson production
with jets, and $W+\geq3$ jet and multijet production when one or 2 jets are
misidentified as leptons. Despite major drawbacks which include the lowest
branching fraction ($\sim5$\% for $e\nu$ and $\mu\nu$ modes) and the presence of
two undetected neutrinos, it is an important channel because the presence of
fewer jets and the sensitivity to different background sources provide a useful
cross check to measurements obtained from the other channels.

The second decay channel is the hadronic channel in which both $W$ bosons decay
``hadronically" into two quarks resulting in at least six jets in the event.
The main advantages of this channel are the fact that it has the largest
branching fraction ($\sim46$\%) and that the jets evolving from all six quarks
in the final state can, in principle, be measured.  Furthermore, because the two
$W$ bosons decay hadronically, the well known mass of the $W$ boson can be used
to constrain the measured jet energies in order to reduce the uncertainty on the
jet energy scale which is a dominant source of systematic uncertainty.  The
major disadvantages of this channel are the large amount of background from
multijet events and the combinatoric problem when assigning jets to parton
identities.

The final decay channel is the lepton+jets (\ensuremath{\ell}+\rm jets\xspace) channel where one $W$ boson decays
hadronically and the other leptonically.  Drawing from the strengths of the
other two channels, it combines a decent branching fraction of $\sim29$\% and a
manageable level of background from $W+$jets and multijet events.  It also
benefits from an \emph{in-situ} jet energy calibration due to the presence of a
hadronically decaying $W$ boson.  This channel has yielded the most precise
measurements of the top quark mass.

\section{A Challenging Measurement}
Top quark mass measurements are challenging because, except for the leptons from
the $W$ boson decay in two of the channels, the daughters of the top and $W$
boson are not identified directly.  What is measured in the detector are the
high transverse momentum jets evolving from the quarks and a large amount of
missing energy signifying the presence of neutrinos.  In general, one does not
know how to associate the jets with the quarks and must try all possible
combinations.  The use of $b$-tagging helps greatly in reducing the
combinatorics.  Although detached vertices are associated with the $b$-jets,
there are none associated with the short-lived top quark itself that can be used
to cleanly identify daughters in the same way they are used, for instance, in
mass measurements involving long lived particles like hyperons.  In the
following section, we discuss the different analysis techniques that make
precise measurements of the top quark mass possible despite such challenges.

\section{Analysis Techniques}

One of the most commonly used analysis techniques is the template method.  This
method makes use of a variable that is sensitive to the top quark mass.  An
obvious choice of this variable used by many analyses is the reconstructed top
quark mass.  Monte Carlo (MC) samples of \ensuremath{t\bar{t}}\xspace events generated with different
values of the top quark mass are then used to produce distributions of the
selected variable called templates.  Since each of these templates is associated
with a particular value of the true top quark mass used to generate the events,
one can extract the top quark mass from the data by comparing each of the
templates to the corresponding data distribution.  To do this, one can either
fit the templates directly to the data distribution or parametrize the templates
as probability density functions from which likelihoods can be constructed
that are used to extract the mass.

The analysis technique that has yielded the most precise top quark mass
measurements to date is the Matrix Element (ME) method which was pioneered by
D\O\xspace in Run I of the Tevatron using the \ensuremath{\ell}+\rm jets\xspace
channel~\citep{topmassd0nature}.  In this method, the probability to observe a
given event is calculated by taking into account the different physics processes
that could contribute to the observed event.  The total probability is simply
the properly normalized sum of the differential cross sections for each
contributing process calculated from the MEs characterizing the process which
gives the technique its name.  The probabilities are calculated for each event
as a function of the parameters one wishes to extract such as the top quark mass
and jet energy scale factor.  A joint likelihood is constructed from the
probability distribution of each event from which the best estimate of each
parameter and its uncertainty can be determined.  The power of this technique is
based on the maximal use of the available kinematic information in order to
fully specify an event.  While providing discrimination between different events
it also deals with the combinatoric problem within each event mentioned above by
properly weighting each jet permutation based on its probability.  Furthermore,
detector resolution effects are also accounted for with transfer functions which
give the probability density for a measured value of a given quantity as a
function of the true parton value.

Both techniques described above rely on fully simulated MC \ensuremath{t\bar{t}}\xspace events for
calibrating the procedure in order to determine the true value of the top quark
mass from the extracted value.  The MC generators currently used for this
purpose are all based on leading order (LO) matrix elements with higher orders
simulated by parton showers leading to a concept of the top quark mass that is
not well defined.  To address this, a third technique extracts the top quark
mass by comparing the theoretically predicted and experimentally measured values
of the \ensuremath{t\bar{t}}\xspace production cross section.  Theory and measurement likelihoods which
are defined as a function of the top quark mass and \ensuremath{t\bar{t}}\xspace production cross
section are multiplied together to construct a joint likelihood. Integrating
over the \ensuremath{t\bar{t}}\xspace production cross section then gives a one dimensional likelihood
from which the top quark mass is extracted.

Finally a fourth technique addresses the fact that most  top quark mass
measurements are dominated by jet energy scale uncertainties.  Assuming top
quarks in \ensuremath{p\bar{p}}\xspace collisions are produced nearly at rest, it can be shown that the
Lorentz boost imparted to the $b$ quark is a function of the top quark mass.
Because of this, the velocity of the $b$ quark and hence the $b$ hadron is
strongly correlated with the top quark mass. Therefore, the average momentum
of the $b$ hadron can be used to determine the top quark mass.  In practice,
this technique uses the highly correlated average transverse decay length of the
$b$ hadron instead of its average momentum.  The dependence of the decay length
on the top quark mass is parameterized with MC events and this parameterization
is used to extract the top quark mass from data.  This technique depends mainly
on tracking to determine the decay length precisely and is largely insensitive
to the jet energy scale uncertainties that dominate other techniques.

\section{Results from the Tevatron}

\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=60.mm]{figure1a.eps}
\includegraphics[width=60.mm]{figure1b.eps}
\caption{D\O\xspace result in the \ensuremath{\ell}+\rm jets\xspace channel using the ME method. Likelihood as
a function of top quark mass for first 1 fb$^{-1}$ of data (left).  Expected
uncertainty distribution from MC ensemble tests (right).}
\label{fig_d0_meljets}
\end{figure*}
The first result is from D\O\xspace in the \ensuremath{\ell}+\rm jets\xspace channel~\citep{d0_meljets}.  It
uses the ME technique and is based on 2.1 fb$^{-1}$ of data.  The well known $W$
mass is used as constraint to perform an \emph{in-situ} jet energy calibration
through the introduction of a $JES$ parameter which is a global factor
multiplying the energies of all the jets.  The top quark mass (\ensuremath{m_{\rm top}}\xspace) is then
extracted by maximizing the joint likelihood simultaneously in terms of the top
quark mass and the $JES$ parameter.  Figure \ref{fig_d0_meljets} (left) shows
a one dimensional projection of the likelihood onto the top quark mass axis for
the second 1 fb$^{-1}$ of data yielding
$\ensuremath{m_{\rm top}}\xspace=173.0\pm1.9(\mbox{stat+JES})\pm1.0(\mbox{syst})$ GeV.  Figure
\ref{fig_d0_meljets} (right) shows the corresponding distribution of expected
uncertainties from MC ensemble tests with the arrow indicating the measurement
uncertainty.  The result for the first 1 fb$^{-1}$ of data is
$\ensuremath{m_{\rm top}}\xspace=170.5\pm2.5(\mbox{stat+JES})\pm1.4(\mbox{syst})$ GeV.  Combining both
results gives $\ensuremath{m_{\rm top}}\xspace=172.2\pm1.1(\mbox{stat})\pm1.6(\mbox{syst})$ GeV for the
entire data set.  The systematic uncertainty is dominated by the uncertainty on
the $b$ jet energy scale and the uncertainty in the modeling of extra jets from
radiation.

\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=80.mm]{figure2a-cmp.ps}
\includegraphics[width=80.mm]{figure2b.eps}
\caption{CDF result in the \ensuremath{\ell}+\rm jets\xspace channel using the ME method. 2D likelihood in
top quark mass and jet energy scale parameter for data (left).  Expected
uncertainty distribution from MC ensemble tests (right).}
\label{fig_cdf_meljets}
\end{figure*}
The second result is from CDF in the \ensuremath{\ell}+\rm jets\xspace channel and is based on 1.9
fb$^{-1}$ of data~\citep{cdf_meljets}.  It also uses the ME technique and
performs an \emph{in-situ} jet energy calibration in a similar way.  Unlike the
D\O\xspace result, it uses a neural network to discriminate between signal and
background events and, in addition, also takes the angular resolution of the
jets into account.  Figure \ref{fig_cdf_meljets} (left) shows the two
dimensional likelihood in top quark mass and jet energy scale parameter.  Figure
\ref{fig_cdf_meljets} (right) shows the expected uncertainty distribution from
MC ensemble tests with the measurement uncertainty indicated by the arrow.  The
measured result is $\ensuremath{m_{\rm top}}\xspace=171.4\pm1.5(\mbox{stat+JES})\pm1.0(\mbox{syst})$ GeV.
The dominant sources of systematic uncertainty are the modeling of initial and
final state radiation and the residual uncertainty in the jet energy scale
representing uncertainties that cannot be addressed by a global scale factor.

\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[height=50.mm]{figure3a-cmp.ps}
\includegraphics[height=50.mm]{figure3b-cmp.ps}
\caption{D\O\xspace results in the dilepton channel.  -Log likelihoods for data as a
function of top quark mass using the neutrino weighting method (left) and matrix
weighting method (right).}
\label{fig_d0_dilepton}
\end{figure*}
The third result is from D\O\xspace in the dilepton channel and is based on 1
fb$^{-1}$ of data~\citep{d0_dilepton}.  It is a combination of two results, both
of which are based on the template method and which differ mainly in the manner
weights are assigned to the neutrino solutions.  The first is based on the
neutrino weighting technique which assigns a weight to each neutrino solution
based on the compatibility between the calculated transverse momentum of the
neutrinos and the observed missing transverse energy.  The second is based on
the matrix weighting technique which assigns weights based on the probability
for the lepton to have the observed energy in the top quark rest frame for a
given value of the top quark mass.  Negative log likelihoods as a function of
the top quark mass for both results are shown Figure \ref{fig_d0_dilepton}.
Combining both results gives a measurement of
$\ensuremath{m_{\rm top}}\xspace=173.7\pm5.4(\mbox{stat})\pm3.4(\mbox{syst})$ GeV.  The dominant sources
of uncertainty are the uncertainties in the light and $b$ jet energy scales.

\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=60.mm]{figure4a-cmp.ps}
\includegraphics[width=60.mm]{figure4b-cmp.ps}
\caption{CDF result in the dilepton channel using the ME method. -Log
likelihood for data as a function of top quark mass (left).  Distribution of
expected uncertainties from MC ensemble tests (right).}
\label{fig_cdf_dilepton}
\end{figure*}
The fourth result is also in the dilepton channel~\citep{cdf_dilepton}.  It is
from CDF and is based on 1.9 fb$^{-1}$ of data.  Like the first two lepton+jets
results, it is also based on the ME technique.  In addition, it also uses a
neural network based selection that is optimized for precision.  Figure
\ref{fig_cdf_dilepton} (left) shows the negative log likelihood as a function of
the top quark mass and Figure \ref{fig_cdf_dilepton} (right) shows the
distribution of expected uncertainties from MC ensemble tests with the arrow
indicating the measurement uncertainty.  The measured result is
$\ensuremath{m_{\rm top}}\xspace=171.2\pm2.7(\mbox{stat})\pm2.9(\mbox{syst})$ GeV.  The dominant sources
of uncertainty are the uncertainties in the jet energy scale and in the MC
generator.

\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=65.mm]{figure5a-cmp.ps}
\includegraphics[width=65.mm]{figure5b-cmp.ps}
\caption{CDF result in the all jets channel using the template method. 2D
likelihood in top quark mass and jet energy scale parameter for data (left).
Expected uncertainty distribution from MC ensemble tests (right).}
\label{fig_cdf_alljets}
\end{figure*}
The fifth result is from CDF in the all jets channel and is based on 1.9
fb$^{-1}$ of data~\citep{cdf_alljets}.  It is based on the template method with
background shapes that are determined from data.  Like the first two \ensuremath{\ell}+\rm jets\xspace
results, it also takes advantage of the $W$ mass constraint to perform an
\emph{in-situ} jet energy calibration. The two dimensional likelihood in the jet
energy scale parameter and top quark mass for data is shown in Figure
\ref{fig_cdf_alljets} (left).  The expected uncertainty distribution from MC
ensemble tests is shown in Figure \ref{fig_cdf_alljets} (right) with the
measurement uncertainty indicated by the vertical line.  The measured result is
$\ensuremath{m_{\rm top}}\xspace=177.0\pm3.7(\mbox{stat+JES})\pm1.6(\mbox{syst})$ GeV.  The systematic
uncertainty is dominated by the uncertainty in the background shapes and the
residual uncertainty in the jet energy scale not accounted for by the jet energy
scale parameter.

The sixth result uses the indirect approach of determining the top quark mass by
comparing the theoretical and measured \ensuremath{t\bar{t}}\xspace production cross
sections~\citep{d0_xsect}.  It is from D\O\xspace and is based on 1 fb$^{-1}$ of
data.  Figure \ref{fig_novel} (left) shows the theoretical and measured cross
sections as a function of the top quark mass including the 68\% C.L. contour.
The top quark mass is found to be $\ensuremath{m_{\rm top}}\xspace=170\pm7$ GeV at 68\% C.L. in agreement
with the world average from direct measurements indicated by the cross hatched
bar in Fig. 6.
\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=67.5mm]{figure6a.eps}
\includegraphics[height=60.mm]{figure6b-cmp.ps}
\caption{Comparison of measured and theoretically predicted cross sections
versus top quark mass from D\O\xspace(right). Expected average transverse decay
length including $1\sigma$ confidence intervals as a function of top quark mass
from CDF (right).}
\label{fig_novel}
\end{figure*}

The last result uses the decay length technique to determine the top quark mass.
It is from CDF and is based on 1.9 fb$^{-1}$ of data~\citep{cdf_decaylength}.
It is a combination of two results.  The first is based on the average
transverse decay length as described in the previous section and the second is
based on the average transverse momentum of the lepton using exactly the same
technique as that for the decay length.  Figure \ref{fig_novel} (right) shows the dependence of the
average transverse decay length on the top quark mass including one sigma
confidence intervals determined from MC events.  Also shown are the one sigma
statistical uncertainties from data represented by the horizontal bar.  The
combination of the two results gives
$\ensuremath{m_{\rm top}}\xspace=175.3\pm6.2(\mbox{stat})\pm3.0(\mbox{syst})$ GeV.
\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=120.mm]{figure7-cmp.ps}
\caption{World average top quark mass from Tevatron results.}
\label{fig_worldavg}
\end{figure*}

The world average of the top quark mass from March 2008, $\ensuremath{m_{\rm top}}\xspace=172.6\pm1.4$
GeV, based on the best Run 1 and Run 2 measurements from the Tevatron, is shown
in Fig. \ref{fig_worldavg}~\citep{worldavg}.  The uncertainty includes
statistical and systematic contributions added in quadrature.  Most of the
results presented above are included in this world average.  The exceptions are
the CDF ME \ensuremath{\ell}+\rm jets\xspace (``CDF-II lepton+jets") and $b$ decay length (``CDF-II b decay
length") measurements which are from a previous version and the D\O\xspace
measurement based on the \ensuremath{t\bar{t}}\xspace cross section which is not included.

\section{Conclusion}

Although the large mass of the top quark is interesting in itself, a precise
measurement of this quantity is important because of the constraint it imposes
on the Higgs mass and on possible extensions of the standard model.  Measuring
the top quark mass is a daunting task but, fortunately, various sophisticated
techniques have been developed that make the precise measurements presented here
possible.  For consistency, these measurements are performed in the different
top decay channels which are sensitive to different systematic effects and
background sources.  In addition to the ME and template based measurements, also
included are two measurements based on interesting approaches such as the D\O\xspace
cross section technique and the CDF $b$ decay length technique.  These results
still have large uncertainties but seem promising and complement the
measurements based on the ME and template methods.  While the
results presented here are based on up to 2 fb$^{-1}$ of data, each experiment
expects to receive $\sim10$ fb$^{-1}$ by the end of 2010.  As the total uncertainty on
the world average top quark mass quickly approaches 1 GeV, it is now more
important than ever to continue refining measurement techniques.  This will
require deepening our understanding of the systematic uncertainties and
hopefully developing new ways to control the dominant ones.

\bigskip

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
"Да се давиш в цифри" () е британско-нидерландски филм от 1988 година, трагикомедия на режисьора Питър Грийнауей по негов собствен сценарий.

В центъра на сюжета е възрастна жена и нейните дъщеря и племенница, които последователно удавят своите съпрузи, ангажирайки като техен съучастник местния съдебен лекар. Главните роли се изпълняват от Джоан Плоурайт, Джулиет Стивънсън, Джоъли Ричардсън, Бърнард Хил, Джейсън Едуардс.

"Да се давиш в цифри" е номиниран за наградата "Златна палма".

Бележки

Британски трагикомични филми
Нидерландски филми
Филми от 1988 година
Филми на Питър Грийнауей

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
DUMONT K1388P24 CRT used as light source in the Vitascan Color TV System
Tube cathodique utilisé comme source de lumière dans le système de télévision couleur Vitascan
Kathodenstrahlröhre benutzt als Lichtquelle im Vitascan-Farbe-Fernsehsystem
The Vitascan system was an early color television camera system developed by DuMont Laboratories. Development began in 1949 and the product was released on an experimental basis in 1956. Vitascan cameras only worked indoors, due to Vitascan being in essence a flying-spot scanner based system.
Normally, with a flying-spot scanned system, the whole studio would have to be completely darkened, in order to prevent any other light from interfering with the photomultiplier tubes. To avoid darkening, strobe lighting was used in the studio for the aid of the talent. The strobe light, referred to as a "Sync-Lite" by DuMont, would light up only when the photomultiplier scoops were in the vertical blanking intervals of the video they would generate, to prevent any light interference to the photomultiplier tubes.
Two different methods of lighting were developed. The first method utilized miniature Xenon flash lamps and the second method small, short-persistence cathode-ray tubes. The K1388 consists of a 1½" diameter glass envelope with a special triode gun at one end and a metal phosphor plate, inclined at 45°, welded to the other end. This method of construction gives a three times improvement in light output over conventional tube construction by enabling the phosphor to be efficiently air-cooled. The special gun is designed to produce an unfocused flood of electrons over the phosphor surface, typical operating figures being 15 kV accelerating voltage at 200 μA average current. The short persistence phosphor is a zinc oxide, zinc activated phosphor with a decay of 1μs, having high efficiency and considerable resistance to burning under electron bombardment.
From 1956 to 1959, Vitascan cameras were in use at independent television station WITI in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, for its local TV news programs. However, the limitations of the cameras caused WITI to eventually return to monochrome cameras. The television industry never adopted Vitascan.
Thanks to Charles Osborne for his help in acquiring this tube, and for identifying it and providing documentation.
• DuMont Mobile Vitascan Camera Equipment, Bulletin IT-956
• J.H. Haines and G.R. Tingley, Live Flying-Spot Color Scanner, Electrical Engineering, June 1956
• J.H. Haines and G.R. Tingley, The Vitascan Live Flying-Spot Color Scanner, Seventh Region Technical Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, April 11-13, 1956
Longueur • Length • Länge : 196 mm • 7" 3/4
Experimental light fixture utilizing three K1388 tubes.
It consists of an aluminum reflector housing into which the cathode-ray tubes are inserted with their metal phosphor plates uppermost. This enables efficient cooling to be obtained by a small fan mounted above the tubes at the top of the reflector.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The First Art Newspaper on the Net Established in 1996 Friday, January 27, 2023
Everything You Need to Know About Buying a Car in Florida
Owning a car is one of the most important investments that consumers make and the whole process of buying proves to be quite overwhelming. Purchasing a car in Florida, especially when you are from a different state, is another challenge. Fortunately, this is not impossible. What you need to do is know everything that the buying process entails so that you can comply. These include taxes, title, registration fee, insurance, vehicle inspections, price, and ensuring all the dealings are handled legally. When you follow these tips to the latter, you will not regret your purchase. But first, you need to be well-informed for easier transactions. Most importantly, you must know what is the sales tax on cars in Florida.
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The above method is the most common and simplest way to calculate the sales tax. Nevertheless, when the dealership offers plenty of incentives and allowances, the case is usually different. As mentioned earlier that the sales tax in Florida is calculated inclusive of the manufacturer's rebate.
For instance, the advertised price of a car is set at $45,000. The manufacturer gives a $4000 discount, a $2000 seller incentive and a $10,000 exchange allowance. In the end, you part with $30,000 with $15,000 off the marked price.
In the state of Florida, the sales tax is calculated at $34,000. You end up paying $2040 as the car's sales tax which is calculated as $34,000 (buying price + manufacturer's rebate) x 0.06 (percentage of the sales tax).
Discretionary Sales Surtax
There are counties in the state of Florida that apply discretionary tax on purchasing a vehicle. The optional sales surtax is applied, adding to the 6 % sales tax. Hillsborough is one of the most crowded counties in Florida with a surtax rate of 2.5%. This means that 2.5% + 6% = 8.5%. 8.5% is the highest tax rate in the whole state of Florida.
If you are looking to purchase a car in Florida, you need to equip yourself with the right information. This includes knowing the sales tax in the state and how to calculate it. Once you obtain the figure for the tax you are required to pay, it becomes easier. This also helps you avoid overpaying the sales tax. With the information above, calculating the sales tax is one headache off the table.
MFA, St. Petersburg exhibition focuses on Greek art created during the Geometric period
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Storm Gail: New York man rescued after 10 hours trapped in his car under 4ft of snow
A man has been rescued after his car was buried under 4ft (1.2m) of snow in a severe storm in upstate New York, leaving him stranded in freezing temperatures for more than 10 hours.
New York State police sergeant Jason Cawley contacted Tioga County 911 on Thursday to see if any emergency calls were pending.
He was told they had received multiple calls from a man stranded when his car was run off the road by a truck and buried under heavy snow from Storm Gail.
However, numerous officers had visited the scene and been unable to locate the vehicle.
Sgt Cawley drove to the section of State Route 17C in the town of Owego, and searched the area himself.
But he also did not find the driver.
However, while driving, he saw a row of mailboxes and waded through the snow to check the addresses.
While digging, he hit the windshield of a car and found 58-year-old Kevin Kresen, from Candor, inside.
Mr Kresen was stranded with no heat and was suffering from hypothermia and frostbite.
He was removed from the vehicle and taken to Lourdes hospital for treatment.
Storm Gail has brought minus temperatures and record amounts of snow to America's east coast.
The first snow storm of the season buried parts of upstate New York under more than 3ft (1m) of snow on Thursday and left plow drivers struggling to clear the roads as it piled up at more than 4in an hour.
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo declared a state of emergency for 18 counties and warned people to stay off the roads.
He said there were more than 9,000 power outages, 600 accidents and two fatalities by midmorning Thursday.
Heavy snowfall also hit across Maryland and Pennsylvania, with places like Boston in Massachusetts and Washington DC also heavily impacted.
Labour chiefs try to crown Anas Sarwar as new Scottish leader 'imminently'
Labour chiefs are hoping to crown Anas Sarwar as new Scottish leader "imminently", with the Left struggling to find a candidate. Ian Murray, the Shadow Scottish Secretary and the party's only MP north of the Border, said the party "cannot afford a contest" so close to May's Holyrood election. He said that "if the party was being sensible" it should get a candidate selected and in place "imminently". The Edinburgh South MP added: "It has to be wrapped up by mid-February." Although Mr Sarwar, the clear frontrunner for the role, is yet to announce whether he will stand, Mr Murray said the moderate Glasgow MSP would be "very much worth supporting" if he stood. Senior moderates were hoping that Mr Sarwar could reach a deal with Monica Lennon, the party's health spokesman at Holyrood, who was viewed as his most likely challenger. Ms Lennon told BBC Radio Scotland she was "ruling nothing in and ruling nothing out at this stage." She added: " I'm listening to members and colleagues and I'm having discussions with them."


Here I Grew Up performance dates are June 28-29 & July 11, 12, and 13.
Anyone who is at least 8 years old by opening night is invited to audition.
Those wishing to audition should come prepared to sing a 30-60 second musical theatre selection that accurately displays vocal range, and a list of all scheduling conflicts through performance dates. Auditionees should also come dressed to learn and perform a short choreographed dance (especially teens & young adults), and may be asked to read provided sides.
Ask Jasmine, the director for Here I Grew Up!


I was out on the balcony watering the plants (the dying plants, to be precise) last night when I noticed that my newest throw pillow wasn't doing so hot in its new outdoor life.
See how the bottom corner colour is all muddled looking? Not good! I am actually not entirely sure what caused it (sun bleach, water, colour-stealing gnomes etc), but it certainly wasn't fixable so I just threw the cover out. It actually kind of worked out because I had been hankering to do some sewing for a couple weeks now, but couldn't think of a good project- now I had one!
I decided to see if I could cobble something together with the fabric scraps I got from Tonic Living last December. Most of the pieces are awkward triangles or narrow strips so I decided to go with a bit of a striped look and piece together some strips. I used some heavy navy and brown fabrics, paired with a sample of Vintage Blossom in Dove (such a pretty fabric!).
However it was pretty simple- I sewed three strips together to make the front piece and three together for the back piece, and then I just sewed the two pieces together on three sides, stuffed my pillow in and stitched it closed. Very easy!
I am not sure how long this pillow will actually hold up with the weather as this chair does get some of the elements on it, but considering it was free and fun to do I don't mind replacing it if I find some nice outdoor fabric I like better!
I *love* how this pillow turned out!! Smart idea to do a different border colour on each side!
Really loving the new pillow!! Especially the navy border with that striped cushion. Also, I LOL'd about the colour stealing gnomes. Great job!
I love 'on the fly' projects like this. I work that way a lot too. Nice job!
This turned out super cute!! I really need to learn to sew.
It's so simple once you get it!!
Vyer cute - sewing is not my forte - I'm envious of those with that skill!
Great choices. I was just thinking of doing something similar so you have inspired me. Was the first one indoor/ outdoor fabric? It is odd that it did that.
Great job, Casey!! I really like the colours (even better than your original).
I love that fabric… Bravo!


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← New Hampshire WWI Military: More Heroes of Grafton County
New Hampshire WWI Military: More Heroes of Merrimack County →
New Hampshire WWI Military: More Heroes of Sullivan County
Posted on 4 November, 2018 by Janice Brown
Illustration of WWI soldier injured in the field from American Legion magazine.
The WWI soldiers in these biographies were credited to a town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire. WWI deaths were attributed to a specific town based on a variety of criteria that was not always consistent from town to town. Their attributed location could have been their birth place, or where they married, or where they registered for the World War I Draft. Other reasons were they indicated the town as their last known address, or noted some next of kin or friend living there during wartime.
I've made every attempt to identify these heroes of World War I, and have placed some of them in this County Heroes list in order to recognize them. If you find them here, then their name appears on the New Hampshire WWI Honor Roll, in Doric Hall, State House, Concord NH (unless otherwise noted). Let us not forget!
✫★✫★✫★✪🌟✪✫★✫★✫★
Heroes of SULLIVAN COUNTY
(Died in Service)
Private Perley V. Smith
Credited to Gorham, NH
Perley Vernon Smith was born 5 Feb 1896 in Grantham, Sullivan Co. NH, son of Elbridge M. & Mary V. (Currier) Smith. He completed his WWI Registration form in Grantham NH where he was working as a laborer on his father's farm. He was single of medium height and slender build with blue eyes and light brown hair. U.S. Military Transport Passenger Lists show that he was a Private in Co. A, 303rd Infantry Regiment, 76th Division when he sailed for Europe aboard the ship Burma from Montreal Canada on 6 July 1918. His father of North Groton NH was his next of kin, and his service number was 2722987. There was some confusion in regard to Perley V. Smith's disposition. He was, at first, reported in newspapers of December 1918 to be "Missing in Action." Then on June 6, 1919 the Fitchburg Daily Sentinel newspaper reported "Perley V. Smith, Grafton N.H. Died of Disease" His declared date of death is 9 May 1919. His remains were returned to the United States aboard the ship Matoika (from Brest, France to Hoboken, NJ), arriving on 21 July 1920. He must have been transferred, because now hie is listed as a private in Co. I, 18th Infantry (his service number remains the same. Perley Vernon Smith was laid to rest in Hill Dale Cemetery, East Grantham NH. Perley V. Smith's name is engraved on the NH WWI Honor Roll, in Doric Hall of the NH State House, Concord.
[Editor's Note: this story is part of an on-going series about heroic New Hampshire men and women of World War I. Look here for the entire listing].
This entry was posted in History, Military of New Hampshire, NH WW1 Military and tagged 1, army, Co., county, Hampshire, honor, honor roll, I, Infantry, marines, military, navy, new, New Hampshire, NH, One, soldier, Sullivan, war, world, WW1, WWI. Bookmark the permalink.


I've been watching the 2 gray squirrels that live in my yard, chasing each other up and down tree trunks and jumping from one tree to another, hiding their food in the one spot that looks like a grave – for almost 2 years. Earlier this evening the The Fierce Yorkie barked like mad out the back window at something in the yard. We looked and a hawk was there, pecking at the ground. ("ground" ha!) I grabbed the phone, took some pictures and realized he was pecking at something awfully large, not "probably a mouse" like the man had said.
Bloody circle of life. Not in my yard, damnit!
This entry was originally posted at http://pj.dreamwidth.org/319156.html. Please comment here or there there using your LJ ID or OpenID.


Probable Cause: Does the Smell of Weed Alone Create Probable Cause to Search?
Adults (21+) can now possess up to an ounce of weed and up to six plants in their home. This means that cops can no longer search your home based on the smell of weed alone because there's no way to smell the difference between a legal ounce and an illegal pound, or a legal six plants versus an illegal sixty plants. Back in the day, it was incredibly easy (and very common) for cops to get a search warrant based on an "anonymous tip" that the odor of weed was emanating from a house. Thankfully, those days are now gone.
The smell of weed alone will no longer be enough to justify a broader search of someone's home. Cops will now have to put in more work in order to get a warrant. They will have to point to other "specific and articulable" facts in addition to smell to show probable cause that someone is illegally possessing or growing weed in their home – i.e., evidence of illegal sales, high utility bills indicative of a large-scale grow, etc.
While you can freely smoke in the privacy of your own home, it's still a crime to smoke weed in public, unless it is allowed by a local ordinance. In addition, weed can't be smoked within 1,000 feet of a school or daycare center when children are present or in places where state law already prohibits tobacco smoking, such as bars, restaurants and theaters. Violators can be found guilty of an infraction, punishable by a fine of up to $100.
So if a cop smells weed on you while you're walking down the street, does that mean a cop can search you and/or your belongings to find evidence that you're illegally smoking weed in public? Nope. A cop can cite the odor as a reason to stop you, but cannot use the odor, by itself, as a reason to search you.
Earlier this month, a California appeals court reaffirmed this when it overturned a San Francisco teenager's convictions for illegal possession of a gun that police found in his backpack. At the time of the search, 17-year-old "D.W." was standing on a street corner with several suspected gang members. Officers had approached the group and singled out D.W. because he smelled like weed and had admitted to recently smoking some. After searching D.W.'s backpack for drugs and discovering a revolver inside, the officers arrested him.
The appeals court ruled that the search was illegal, noting that the crime that police suspected D.W. of committing – namely, possession of a small amount of cannabis by a minor – was only an infraction and thus a non-jailable offense. Because of this, the court ruled that the police had no legal grounds to arrest D.W. or search his clothing or property without a warrant. Since the gun was recovered as a result of an illegal search, the teen's conviction was overturned.
What this means is that, absent any other indications of illegal drug use or sales, a cop cannot arrest or search you just because you smell like weed while out in public. The most a cop can do at that point is stop you and issue you a citation.
Unfortunately, the overt smell of weed may still justify a vehicle search by police whether you're driving or just a passenger. This is due to the fact that – much like alcohol – cannabis is legal to consume but still illegal to drive while under the influence of. If a cop pulls you over on suspicion of DUI and smells burnt weed through the window, the cop can search for anything in plain view inside the vehicle (i.e., a roach in your cup holder) to use as evidence that you were driving while stoned. Even if a cop only smells the odor of fresh weed through your car window, the cop could still arguably search the vehicle due to a nuance in the "open container" clause of Proposition 64, which prohibits the consumption or possession of an open container of cannabis while driving or riding as a passenger in a vehicle.
In fact, with the legalization of recreational use, we can likely expect an increase in road enforcement of weed-related DUI's, which many believe will lead to an uptick of officers claiming to have smelled weed coming from a car and using that as a reason to stop and search a vehicle. Interestingly though, studies have shown that Colorado and Washington experienced a striking decrease in vehicle searches after cannabis legalization. Whatever the case – regardless whether or not this trend continues in California – you should still be responsible on the road. If you're going to drive with weed: (1) don't smoke it inside your car before you drive, and (2) store it in a closed container inside your glove compartment, trunk or somewhere that is not easily accessible to the driver or other passengers.
Ms. Mabugat. You make a very good point about being cautious when driving in a vehicle with the odor of MJ. Thank you for that.


Maine Imaging offers smooth aerial videos of the properties and spaces that are important to you using a dual axis gyro stabilizer.
Maine Imaging uses a dual axis gyro stabilizer for smooth aerial video. We currently have hundreds of stock aerial video clips of New England.
Custom Aerial Video for your project.
We have done work for clients all over New England. You let us know what you want done, and we'll discuss the best way to achieve your goal. Our video platforms are helicopters, usually a Robinson R-22 or R-44, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, or UAV's. These allow us to get low, go slow, and go about anywhere. The camera is mounted to a two axis gyro stabilizer for smooth video. We can deliver raw clips, or finished clips including color correction and additional digital stabilization. Or, we can take your project from start to finish, by combining aerial video with ground video, music, interviews, and motion graphics, to produce a finished video.
We are FAA Part 107 Certified to operate Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV's or Drones). UAV's are a wonderful tool that allow us to get right down in the action and follow it. Our DJI Phantom 4 Professional UAV's can shoot any size video, including 1080 and 4K, at up to 60 frames per second!
So choose wisely for your aerial video needs. And if you have questions, or want to discuss how Maine Imaging can help in your next project, give us a call!
PRIMARY CAMERA- Canon 5DsR, with 24-105 L series lens. Records 1080P High Resolution Video, excellent low light capture ability.
2ND CAMERA- Canon 5DMII, with 100-400 L series lens. 21MP image file, the "Big Gun" camera.
UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV)- DJI Phantom 4 Professional. 20MP image files, video up to 4k at 60fps.
STABILIZER- Kenyon Labs, Dual Axis, Gyro Stabilizer, with 2 KS-6 gyros. Mounts to camera for incredible stabilization for day, or night, video capture.
This is a 4 minute aerial video of the Bull Hill Wind Project in Maine that we shot and produced for Reed and Reed Construction, the builders of the project. This is a complete video, including music and graphics, put together by Maine Imaging.
This piece was designed for the customer to describe the process of a Tanker "evolution", which is the process of the tugboats meeting the Tanker out at sea and bringing it safely to the oil terminal in South Portland, Maine. For this piece, we shot from helicopters, the decks of tugboats, and the shore, using Canon 5DMarkIII's and GoPro3 cameras.


text:
Production on All Marvel Disney+ Shows Stopped Due to COVID-19
By: Pamela Gores
As concerns over the outbreak of COVID-19 sweep the nation, Disney has taken some precautionary measures in regards to their upcoming releases. Feature films such as Mulan, The New Mutants, and Antlers have been pushed back in an urge to limit large public gatherings. All Disney live-action films currently in production, such as The Little Mermaid and Peter Pan and Wendy, have also suspended production. Jumping over to Marvel, Black Widow, the first Phase 4 MCU film, has officially been pushed past its May 1 release date. That, and Shang-Chi and The Legend Of The Ten Rings which only began filming weeks ago is on hold as well due to its director choosing to self-isolate. Now, Disney and Marvel Studios are putting the brakes on some of their smaller productions, including all of those that are to debut on Disney+.
According to Variety, production on The Falcon and The Winter Soldier, WandaVision, and Loki has been paused. The Falcon and The Winter Soldier was the first to report a delay after filming came to a halt in Prague. Other Disney+ shows, such as Hawkeye and She-Hulk, that are still in pre-production are continuing accordingly.
A post shared by Sebastian Stan (@imsebastianstan) on Mar 11, 2020 at 10:22am PDT
With The Falcon and The Winter Soldier set to hit Disney's streaming service this August, there's no telling if it, along with the other Marvel Disney+ series', will stick to schedule accordingly. WandaVision still has a December 2020 release with Loki following soon after in Spring 2021. The delays are in conjunction with numerous other entertainment-related ones due to COVID-19, with movies such as F9 having been pushed back an entire year. Unlike F9, however, the concern isn't over viewers gathering at theaters to see the movie, it's ensuring the safety of those working on production, most of which is taking place overseas. The release dates will depend on whether or not all of the precautions being set do, in fact, slow the spread of the virus. If not, they may instead heavily rely on when Black Widow lands in theaters and if The Eternals stays in its theatrical spot as well.
The fate of the MCU is pretty unknown at this point in regards to actual plot, so it wouldn't be surprising if Marvel Studios is extra peculiar over how exactly they release their projects. For fans alike, that may mean waiting just a bit longer to see how it all unfolds.
Disney Confirms 2022 Debuts For Samuel L. Jackson's Secret Invasion & Don Cheadle's Armor Wars
The Falcon and the Winter Soldier , WandaVision , Loki (Series)
Why Marvel's WandaVision Could Be the MCU's Truman Show
Spoiler Review - WandaVision Episode 1 & 2: Welcome to Westview


text:
Henry R. Kraybill papers
Collection — Box: Communal Collections 27, Placement: 06
Identifier: MSF 214
Purdue University Archives and Special Collections
The collection consists of one folder, which contains articles by Henry Kraybill and correspondence (letters) from him.
Kraybill, Henry Reist, 1891-1956 (Person)
Collection materials are in English.
The collection is open for research.
Copyright and Use Information
Some material in this collection is in the public domain, while other material copyrights are held by Purdue University. Consult with Purdue University Archives and Special Collections prior to reproduction of materials.
Henry R. Kraybill, Professor of Agricultural Chemistry and State Chemist and Seed Commissioner, graduated from the Pennsylvania State College in 1913 at which time he was awarded the John W. White Fellowship. He received the Master of Science Degree in 1915 and the Ph.D. degree in 1917 from the University of Chicago. From 1913 to 1917 he was assistant chemist in the Agricultural Experiment Station and Instructor in Agricultural Chemistry, the Pennsylvania State College. He was assistant Physiologist, United States Department Of Agriculture from 1917 to 1919. From 1919 to 1924 he was Professor of Agricultural Chemistry and Head of the Department in University of New Hampshire. From 1924 to 1926 he was Biochemist in charge of the Department, The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research. In 1927 Doctor Kraybill came to Purdue University accepting the position of State Chemist.
He published numerous scientific papers in the field of plant biochemistry and during the past year was President of The American Society of Plant Physiologists.
As Professor of Agricultural Chemistry at the University Agricultural Experiment Station, Doctor Kraybill had charge of graduate instruction in Agricultural and Biological Chemistry. As State Chemist and Seed Commissioner he was responsible for the enforcement of the State Law regulating the sale of Commercial Fertilizer, Feeding Stuffs and Agricultural Seeds.
0.025 Cubic Feet (One folder)
Acquisition Information
Source and date of acquisition are unknown.
The material is housed in an acid-free folder and an acid-free box.
Chemists -- United States
Purdue University. Faculty
Purdue University. School of Agriculture
University Archives. Purdue University Archives
Mary A. Sego
Edition statement
Second edition. Collection description first completed 2011-06-10.
Box: Communal Collections 27, Placement: 06 (Text)
Part of the Purdue University Archives and Special Collections Repository
http://www.lib.purdue.edu/spcol
504 W. State Street
West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States
archives@purdue.edu
MSF 214, Henry R. Kraybill papers, Purdue University Archives and Special Collections, Purdue University Libraries. https://archives.lib.purdue.edu/repositories/2/resources/137 Accessed January 21, 2022.


Not long ago I stumbled across the trailer for Rats, the Morgan Spurlock documentary based on Robert Sullivan's Rats: Observations on the History & Habitat of the City's Most Unwanted Inhabitants, a fascinating if fairly creepy book about everyone's least favorite rodent.
But that's nothing compared with the level of creepiness of Rats, which premieres on Discovery on October 22.
Then a week or so later I stumbled across Morgan at Metallica's Webster Hall show.
Spurlock's career arc is familiar to any successful entrepreneur. He's worked hard to parlay the success of Super Size Me (where he ate nothing but McDonald's for thirty days) into Warrior Poets, a thriving production company that creates critically acclaimed documentaries, television series, feature films, and other content.
And he's a really nice guy who clearly loves what he does.
You've reached a point where you can pick and choose projects. So why Rats?
You're right. Fortunately I'm at a place where I can pretty much make anything I want, at least where documentaries are concerned.
Let's take a step back. What my partner Jeremy Chilnick and I try to do at Warrior Poets is continue to reshape the nonfiction narrative world. With documentaries, everything tends to be put in one category. In scripted there are comedies, action movies, dramas... but all documentaries tend to be placed in one big basket.
But that's not really the case: there are documentaries that are comedies, there are suspense documentaries... So with Rats, we saw an opportunity to make a "horror documentary." It plays as scary as a horror film, and after you watch it will leave you thinking about it as a horror film.
Bending and advancing the genre is cool, and we always look for projects that help us do that.
Walk me through how a project like this comes to life.
The story of Rats begins with an old friend, Josh Braun. He's a producer in his own right, a sales agent, he co-sold Super Size Me ... and he had an option on the book Rats.
He asked me what I thought about the book. Keep in mind I'm a lifelong horror fan. When I was little my parents took me to see movies like The Exorcist, The Omen, The Shining, Scanners--basically movies that parents shouldn't take a small child to see.
I loved the book and thought, "What if we made a horror documentary? What if we shot it like a horror film, scored like a horror film....?"
So we took the idea to Discovery. John Hoffman, who runs feature documentaries, said, "We believe in it, we believe in you guys..." and they let us run with it.
So where do you start in terms of actual production?
We create a look book before almost everything we do, and especially when we try to do things differently. The look book is really important because it informs the way we tell the story.
Then we focus on the specific stories we want to tell. Sullivan's book focuses mainly on New York City but we wanted to take a global look. We wanted to push forward the research, the science, what it means to society as rat infestations grow... it's an international story.
There were also some stories we decided not to tell. One is the giant rat population on Cook Island. It's like rat island; in fact that's what people call it. Rats are non-native and are driving some other animal species to extinction, so people tried things like dropping poison from helicopters... and stuff like that doesn't always work. Cook Island is a cool story, but we found a place in Reading, England that tells the story of how rats become immune over time.
So ultimately you pick and choose where you spend your time and money in order to tell your story the best way you can.
Filmmaking is both art and business, creative and "manufacturing"... and even though you shoot tons of footage, efficiency matters.
We produced this movie very quickly. We actually started editing a week after we started shooting. That's a huge advantage because since we were already cutting we could see what gaps needed to be filled even as we were shooting... and that meant the post-production process could be very fast. With Rats, we started in January and were done in August.
We've developed that way of doing business on purpose. We have the right infrastructure, we have the right people, and that lets us be really nimble.
But yeah, you do end up with so much footage. We shot 300-plus hours of film for this movie. At least it wasn't a thousand-plus hours, which happens on some films.
How do you sift through all that?
I don't. Certainly not all of it. We have great editors and assistant editors.
You have to trust the people you work with. If my editor says, "You you don't want to look at this," or if my editor says, "This just didn't work," I trust him. I don't waste time on it.
I trust our editors. I trust my producing partner. They're people I believe in. I trust their skill and talent.
So let's talk finances for a second. When Discovery gives you a green light, they give you a budget?
Yep. Discovery gives us a chunk of money. We use that to build our budget and decide what we can and can't afford. We then get creative to figure out how to go to all the places where we want to shoot.
Keep in mind the best plans don't always work out, though. We shot for three days in Paris and didn't use one frame of what we shot. We did use some of it in the trailer, but nothing made it into the actual film. That's painful. Every day you shoot you want to be delivering some amount of footage for the screen.
You directed Rats but you don't appear on camera.
When we started this business twelve years ago it was a "me" business. Now it's 70 to 80 percent everything else. We're still driven by our creative DNA, though.
If you want to scale a business, it can't all be "you." You have to figure that out if you really want to grow.
We work on multiple projects at the same time. We made five movies this year.
Eagle Huntress premiered at Sundance and opens soon. A young girl bucked 2,000 years of tradition to become an eagle hunter, and now she's a national champion. We sold that film to Sony Pictures Classics. Two films premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival that we produced: Vlogumentary, a documentary about video diarists that we sold to YouTube Red, and Pistol Shrimps, about Aubrey Plaza's women's rec league basketball team that we sold to NBC Seeso.
We have another movie we started shooting once we moved into post-production on Rats. And we're trying to get a movie into Sundance about the Oregon standoff.
Plus we did a big digital project about the Star Wars universe for Lucasfilms and Disney, and we have a TV business where we'll do five or six television series.
That's only possible when you decide to take a "me" business and make it something much bigger than just yourself.
Is it true that this is a golden age for content?
HBO, FX, Showtime ... USA has Mr. Robot ... so many networks create really smart fiction shows. Seemingly all of them have at least one great fiction series. So the bar has risen across the board for scripted fare, but for a long time it stayed low for non-fiction.
Now, on the heels of documentaries like The Jinx and Making a Murderer, there is widespread recognition that people love narrative non-fiction just as much as fiction. That lets us create smart films that are emblematic of our DNA and can reach a different audience.
For non-fiction storytellers this is really an amazing time. We can make narrative non-fiction for less than it costs to make a scripted hour... and it can be just as engaging and entertaining.
The cool thing is that the market has come to us. We have a talented and robust production engine in place. Our goal was always to just tell great stories... but in the process of building a business we found ourselves in a perfect place to take advantage of the growing market for great content.
And while we've yet to jump into the scripted world, that will happen next year.
Every entrepreneur who creates something new hopes the market will come to them.
If I think back fifteen or sixteen years, I was sitting on a couch with all this energy I had inside, waiting for the phone to ring, waiting for a job, wishing something would happen... after Super Size Me hit I had the chance to build a real business, and we have.
And yeah, it's great that the business we built helps fill a huge demand.
You're definitely an entrepreneur, so let's hear your elevator pitch for Rats.
It's a spectacular experience. If you love documentaries you'll love this film. If you love horror movies you'll love this film.
It's entertaining, it's creepy, it's fun, it's informative, it's compelling and engaging... and if you love horror, I promise it will make you feel just as skeeved out as any horror film.
So pull up a chair and turn the lights down. You're going to be in for a great ride.


text:
He used to get upset when his name was not in the XI: Ashish Nehra heaps praise on young India pacer
Ashish Nehra lavishes huge praise on young Team India pacer Photograph:( AFP )
Former India pacer Ashish Nehra has lavished praise on young speedster in the Virat Kohli-led Indian Test team after Day 2 of the Centurion Test got washed out without a ball being bowled.
Day 2 of India-South Africa's first Test, in Centurion, was washed out without a ball being bowled. After winning the toss and electing to bat first, India ended the first day's play at 272-3 with opener KL Rahul being unbeaten on 122. While the visitors would have wanted to extend their dominance, rain played spoilsport as the entire day's play was hampered due to relentless rain showers.
Thus, Virat Kohli-led Indian team will have to accelerate after the morning session on Day 3 and hope for their bowlers to produce the goods with the ball to claim 20 wickets in the remainder of the series opener. India have stuck to their 5-bowlers strategy, featuring Jasprit Bumrah, Mohammed Shami, Mohammed Siraj, R Ashwin and Shardul Thakur.
Talking about Siraj, former Indian pacer Ashish Nehra has lauded the Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB) -- whom he has seen grow from strength to strength in the recent past. Nehra lauded Siraj for being injury-free so far and hailed his hunger for success.
The 27-year-old Siraj has had staggering success in whites following his debut in the Boxing Day Test between India and Australia last year. The speedster has accounted for 33 scalps in 11 games, being one of the top-performers for the side in away series in Australia and England. Hence, Nehra had words of praise for him after rain played spoilsport on Day 2 of the Centurion Test.
ALSO READ | Surprised myself with how calm I have been: KL Rahul reacts to his 'truly special' Centurion ton vs SA
"He was with me at RCB when I was the coach. He also was in the team when I was at SunRisers Hyderabad. I always knew that he had the skills. Talking about the skillset, it also depends on the player... how he hones his skills and fitness levels.
He had the pace, swing, and an athletic body too. We see many players doing the rounds of the NCA and visiting the physios after struggling with fitness. But Siraj wasn't that sort of a player. He stepped into the IPL after playing Ranji and has never looked back," Nehra said on Cricbuzz.
ALSO READ | Ind vs SA, 1st Test: Dravid gives a pat on Pujara's back to uplift his spirits after golden duck - WATCH
He added, "Siraj has made the most of it. He's mentally strong as well and has that hunger to play. He used to get upset when his name was not there in the XI. When he was at RCB, he would eagerly wait to perform and get better with every match. That speaks volumes about his character."
Siraj surely has made a mark in his Test career and will like to perform in similar stead in the South Africa series. For the unversed, the No. 1 Test side India have a solid chance to win their maiden Test series in the African nation. Will Siraj-starrer India create history this time around in the rainbow nation?
Djokovic will be watching the Australian Open final, says Medvedev after booking clash with Nadal


text:
Home North Shore Profile of artist Nevin Robinson
Profile of artist Nevin Robinson
By Ed Skirtich
If you've ever spent time at the sports stadiums on the North Shore, think of pen and ink sketches from Pittsburgh artist Nevin Robinson.
Three Rivers Stadium, Heinz Field and PNC Park are staple prints in Robinson's collection, and he even sold pen and ink sketches directly to the two existing stadiums.
Robinson, from Lawrenceville, remarked on the dedicated fan base that is found throughout the city.
"People love Pittsburgh sports," Robinson said.
One of his pen and ink sketches depicts a game at PNC Park, where baseball players can be seen with awesome detail. For example, it is noticeable that the pitcher is slightly bent on the pitcher's mound and each outfielder standing in position ready for a fly ball.
When Robinson was 8-years-old he began drawing faces and images from magazines like "National Geographic." He also drew pictures of neighborhood houses and buildings while riding the bus through Pittsburgh.
Robinson attended the Art Institute of Pittsburgh and graduated in 1971. In 1973 he said he traveled to Italy, Switzerland and Germany for a month creating artwork along his journey and sold them at art shows, but did not make any prints.
As well as the North Shore stadiums, Robinson draws a handful of different pen and ink sketches of buildings and scenery throughout the Pittsburgh area.
You can visit his kiosk any time at Station Square Shops or visit his website at www.nevinrobinson.com.
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text:
package com.jaigo.androiddevkit.encryption;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.security.spec.AlgorithmParameterSpec;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.CipherInputStream;
import javax.crypto.CipherOutputStream;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

public class DesEncryptor
{
	private byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
	private Cipher ecipher;
	private Cipher dcipher;
	private SecretKeySpec keySpec;

	private static String DES = "des";
	private static String DES_SECRET_KEY = "desSecretKey";

	public DesEncryptor(String secretKey)
	{
		if (secretKey == "")
		{
			//generate random key
            secretKey = "JEFFTEST";
		}

		try
		{
			byte [] keyBytes = secretKey.getBytes("UTF8");

			keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "DES");

			init();
		}
		catch (Exception e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	private void init() throws Exception
	{
		byte[] iv = new byte[] { (byte) 0x8E, 0x12, 0x39, (byte) 0x9C, 0x07, 0x72, 0x6F, 0x5A };
		AlgorithmParameterSpec paramSpec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
		ecipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
		dcipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");

		ecipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec, paramSpec);
		dcipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keySpec, paramSpec);
	}

	public void encrypt(InputStream in, OutputStream out) throws Exception
	{
		out = new CipherOutputStream(out, ecipher);

		int numRead = 0;
		while ((numRead = in.read(buf)) >= 0)
		{
			out.write(buf, 0, numRead);
		}
	}

	public void decrypt(InputStream in, OutputStream out) throws Exception
	{
		in = new CipherInputStream(in, dcipher);

		int numRead = 0;
		while ((numRead = in.read(buf)) >= 0)
		{
			out.write(buf, 0, numRead);
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Synopsis (Goodreads) It all starts with a text: Please, Wylie, I need your help. Wylie hasn't heard from Cassie in over a week, not since their last fight. But that doesn't matter. Cassie's in trouble, so Wylie decides to do what she has done so many times before: save her best friend from herself.
I have to admit, I do enjoy a good YA mystery so The Outliers sounded right up my alley but by the end I was still a bit baffled by it all – I'm not even sure this review is going to make sense because my thoughts are still all over the place.
Sixteen year old Wylie lives in Boston with her father and brother Gideon, since the death of her mother four months prior her anxiety has spiked and she has become agoraphobic, not leaving the house or keeping in touch with her friends.
When her former best friend Cassie goes missing and she receives a text 'Please, Wylie, I need your help' it's enough to get her out of the house despite not having contact with her for quite some time or knowing where her current head space was. Helping Wylie solve the cryptic messages that she is receiving is Jasper, the guy Wylie blames for sending Cassie over the edge.
Wylie and Jasper more or less end up on a road trip in the middle of nowhere to find Cassie but things get crazier and crazier as they progress, to be honest I had no idea what was going on or who could be trusted. It baffled me why Wylie would just jump up and seek out Cassie with her current problems without notifying someone, especially her over-protective father who she knew would end up in a panic.
The mystery and suspense about what had happened to Cassie kept me reading along but there were a number of times where I almost gave up. There were a few revelations towards the end and it went from being what I thought was a thriller, mystery and then did a genre jump and I'm not quite sure that I am completely satisfied with how it all came together.
The plot seemed to be a mix of random events and unlikely situations and the ending was left open but I'm pretty certain I'll be reading the sequel just to see what happens.
The Outliers certainly takes you on a mysterious thrill ride; it is well written but did leave me very confused by the end, despite the confusion it was still an addictive read needing to know what on earth was going on.
Thank you to HarperTeen via Edelweiss for the opportunity to read and review The Outliers by Kimberley McCreight.
I agree Nereyda! my expectations are always too high.
YA mystery can be a real hit-or-miss for me. Sounds like it had potential.
It really did, it was just lacking.
Yeah the beginning of this was slow for me. I did like it towards the end- genre jump and everything but I can see how it could be turn people off. Great review!
I've been on the fence about reading this, and I keep seeing mixed reviews! :p I appreciate your feedback on this, though. I have the sense that I'll get frustrated with the lack of focus for this book.


Janie L. Sokoloski and Dave Murray, together with their families, announce their engagement and approaching marriage.
The bride-to-be is the daughter of Richard Sokoloski, of West Nanticoke and Judy Phillips, of Hanover Twp. She is the granddaughter of Marjorie Sokoloski, of Edwardsville, and the late Peter Sokoloski. She is the granddaughter of David and Jane Phillips, of Connecticut.
The prospective groom is the son of Barbara Murray, of Kingston, and David Murray, of Tennessee. He is the grandson of the late Jeanette and Stephen Hudock, of Kingston. He is the grandson of the late Carrie and David Murray, of Kingston.
The bride-to-be is a graduate of North Pocono High School and graduate of the practical nursing program at Wilkes-Barre CTC.
The prospective groom is a graduate of Wyoming Valley West High School and McCann School of Business. He is working toward his degree in heating, ventilation and air conditioning at Luzerne County Community College.
The couple will exchange vows at Friedman Farms, Dallas, on April 13, 2019.


text:
South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA
Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA)
Dianne Feinstein
Alex Padilla
In 2020, South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA had a population of 172k people with a median age of 31.6 and a median household income of $55,795. Between 2019 and 2020 the population of South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA declined from 172,512 to 172,017, a −0.287% decrease and its median household income grew from $52,308 to $55,795, a 6.67% increase.
The 5 largest ethnic groups in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA are White (Hispanic) (49.9%), Other (Hispanic) (33.3%), Two+ (Hispanic) (7.66%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (4.06%), and White (Non-Hispanic) (2.57%).
85.2% of the households in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.
77.5% of the residents in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA are U.S. citizens.
The largest universities in Los Angeles County (South)--South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA are Advanced College (100 degrees awarded in 2020).
In 2020, the median property value in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA was $430,500, and the homeownership rate was 45.8%.
Most people in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 31.9 minutes. The average car ownership in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA was 2 cars per household.
South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA borders Bell Gardens, Bell, Maywood, Cudahy & Commerce Cities PUMA, CA, Huntington Park City, Florence-Graham & Walnut Park PUMA, CA, LA City (South Central/Watts) PUMA, CA, Downey City PUMA, CA, Bellflower & Paramount Cities PUMA, CA, and Compton City & West Rancho Dominguez PUMA, CA.
South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA is home to a population of 172k people, from which 77.5% are citizens. As of 2020, 40.6% of South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA residents were born outside of the country (69.9k people).
In 2020, there were 1.5 times more White (Hispanic) residents (85.9k people) in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA than any other race or ethnicity. There were 57.3k Other (Hispanic) and 13.2k Two+ (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.
The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary langauge in households in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA are Spanish (134,723 households), Tagalog (Incl. Filipino) (540 households), and Ilocano, Samoan, Hawaiian, or Other Austronesian Languages (272 households).
As of 2020, 77.5% of South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA residents were US citizens, which is lower than the national average of 93.4%. In 2019, the percentage of US citizens in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA was 76.3%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.
The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.
The 3 largest ethnic groups in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA
85.9k ± 2.73k
Two+ (Hispanic)
158k people
91.8% of the people in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA are hispanic (158k people).
The following chart shows the 7 races represented in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA as a share of the total population.
69.9k people
As of 2020, 40.6% of South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA residents (69.9k people) were born outside of the United States, which is higher than the national average of 13.5%. In 2019, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA was 40.2%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.
The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.
Non-English Households
Most Common Non-English Languages
134,723 households (84.1%)
Tagalog (Incl. Filipino)
540 households (0.337%)
Ilocano, Samoan, Hawaiian, or Other Austronesian Languages
272 households (0.17%)
85.2% of the households in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is higher than the national average of 21.5%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.
In 2020, the most common non-English language spoken in households in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA was Spanish. 84.1% of the households in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.
South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.06 times greater than any other conflict.
The economy of South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA employs 70.4k people. The largest industries in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA are Construction (5,465 people), Restaurants & Food Services (5,363 people), and Elementary & secondary schools (2,866 people), and the highest paying industries are Other administrative & other support services ($115,048), Architectural, engineering & related services ($77,829), and Justice, public order, & safety activities ($66,086).
Workforce Diversity
Measure WorkforceAverage Wage
RACE/ETHNICITY WhiteBlackAmerican IndianAlaska NativeAmerican Indian and Alaska Native tribes specified; or American Indian or Alaska Native, not specified and no other racesAsianNative Hawaiian and Other Pacific IslanderOtherTwo or More RacesAll
The workforce of South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA in 2020 was 70,381 people, with 44.3% woman, and 55.7% men.
The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA.
With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.
± −0.766%
From 2019 to 2020, employment in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA declined at a rate of −0.766%, from 70.9k employees to 70.4k employees.
The most common job groups, by number of people living in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA, are Driver/sales workers & truck drivers (3,183 people), Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand (2,607 people), and Cashiers (2,572 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA.
Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for California.
This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in California (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.
The most common employment sectors for those who live in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA, are Construction (5,465 people), Restaurants & Food Services (5,363 people), and Elementary & secondary schools (2,866 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA, though some of these residents may live in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.
Median earning men ± $753
Median earning women ± $715
The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2020 are Public Administration ($50,736), Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($44,250), and Information ($40,904).
The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2020 are Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting, & Mining ($41,774), Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($34,385), and Public Administration ($34,097).
As of May 2021, there are 145M people employed in California. This represents a 8.45% increase in employment when compared to May 2020.
The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in California.
Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from California to other states, or from other states to California.
In 2020, the top outbound California product (by dollars) was Electronics with $407B, followed by Pharmaceuticals ($158B) and Mixed freight ($149B).
The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound California products.
Showing data for California.
2020 Value in California
Projected 2050 Value in California
104% growth
In 2020, total outbound California trade was $2.26T. This is expected to increase 104% to $4.61T by 2050.
The following chart shows how the domestic outbound California trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.
Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from California to other states, or from other states to California.
In 2020, the top outbound California domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Texas with $83.5B, followed by Arizona with $44.4B and Ohio and $43.3B.
The following map shows the amount of trade that California shares with each state (excluding itself).
Dianne Feinstein and Alex Padilla are the senators currently representing the state of California. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.
California is currently represented by 53 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.
US Senators from California
Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for California.
Senator from California1
Assumed office on November 10, 1992
Elected to the seat to succeed John Seymour (California politician)|John Seymour, who had been appointed to the seat after Pete Wilson was elected Governor of California.
Assumed office on January 20, 2021
Appointed to the seat following the resignation of Kamala Harris, who had become Vice President of the United States.
Dianne Feinstein and Alex Padilla are the senators currently representing California.
The following chart shows elected senators in California over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.
US Representatives from California
California is currently represented by 53 members in the U.S. house.
Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for California have changed over time starting in 2008.
In 2020, universities in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA awarded 100 degrees. The student population of South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA in 2020 is skewed towards women, with 1 male students and 58 female students.
Most students graduating from Universities in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA are Hispanic or Latino (51 and 52%), followed by Black or African American (17 and 17.3%), Asian (16 and 16.3%), and White (9 and 9.18%).
The largest universities in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA by number of degrees awarded are Advanced College (100 and 100%).
The most popular majors in Los Angeles County (South)--South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA are Licensed Practical & Vocational Nurse Training (75 and 75%), Phlebotamy Technician (17 and 17%), and Surgical Technologist (8 and 8%).
In 2020, 2.68% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 3.6% of women were in the same situation.
The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA in 2020 were Primary Education (37.8k), Secondary Education (34.7k), and High School or Equivalent (34.5k).
The median property value in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA was $430,500 in 2020, which is 1.87 times larger than the national average of $229,800. Between 2019 and 2020 the median property value increased from $402,100 to $430,500, a 7.06% increase. The homeownership rate in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA is 45.8%, which is approximately the same as the national average of 64.4%.
People in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA have an average commute time of 31.9 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.
Median household income in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA is $55,795. In 2020, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA was Cupertino, Saratoga Cities & Los Gatos Town PUMA, CA with a value of $184,672, followed by San Ramon City & Danville Town PUMA, CA and Mountain View, Palo Alto & Los Altos Cities PUMA, CA, with respective values of $170,304 and $164,769.
The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.
The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.
In 2020, 45.8% of the housing units in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 44.4%.
This chart shows the percentage of owner in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.
Race/Ethnicity TotalWhiteBlackNative AmericanAsianOtherTwo Or MoreWhite Non-HispanicHispanic
Cupertino, Saratoga Cities & Los Gatos Town PUMA, CA
San Ramon City & Danville Town PUMA, CA
Mountain View, Palo Alto & Los Altos Cities PUMA, CA
In 2020, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA was Cupertino, Saratoga Cities & Los Gatos Town PUMA, CA with a value of $184,672, followed by San Ramon City & Danville Town PUMA, CA and Mountain View, Palo Alto & Los Altos Cities PUMA, CA, with respective values of $170,304 and $164,769.
The following map shows all of the PUMAs in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA colored by their Median Household Income (Total).
In 2020, the median household income of the 40.9k households in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA grew to $55,795 from the previous year's value of $52,308.
The following chart displays the households in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.
2020 Wage GINI in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA
In 2020, the income inequality in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA was 0.355 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 2.61% decline from 2019 to 2020, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA in comparison to the national average.
This chart shows the number of workers in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA across various wage buckets compared to the national average.
Public Transit (4.54%)
In 2020, 72.6% of workers in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (16.3%) and those who used public transit to get to work (4.54%).
Using averages, employees in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA have a longer commute time (31.9 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.9 minutes). Additionally, 3.39% of the workforce in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.
The chart below shows how the median household income in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.
The following chart displays the households in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA have 2 cars.
16.1% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA (27.3k out of 169k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.8%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 35 - 44, followed by Females 25 - 34 and then Females 6 - 11.
The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA is Hispanic, followed by White and Other.
84.6% of the population of South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA has health coverage, with 34.3% on employee plans, 37.8% on Medicaid, 5.73% on Medicare, 6.42% on non-group plans, and 0.283% on military or VA plans.
Per capita personal health care spending in California was $7,549 in 2014. This is a 4.04% increase from the previous year ($7,256).
Primary care physicians in California see 1254 patients per year on average, which represents a 0.555% decrease from the previous year (1261 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1149 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 268 patients per year.
Showing data at the state level for California. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.
This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in California, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.
Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in California
Primary care physicians in California see an average of 1,254 patients per year. This represents a 0.555% decrease from the previous year (1,261 patients).
The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in California in comparison to its neighboring geographies.
This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of California across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.
In 2020, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 28.7% under 18 years, 25.9% between 18 and 34 years, 36.2% between 35 and 64 years, and 9.12% over 64 years.
Between 2019 and 2020, the percent of uninsured citizens in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA grew by 0.787% from 15.3% to 15.4%.
The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in South Gate & Lynwood Cities PUMA, CA changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.
Los Angeles County, CA
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA
Compton City & West Rancho Dominguez PUMA, CA
LA City (South Central/Watts) PUMA, CA


In this paper, a novel method for generation of multiple description (MD) wavelet based image coding is proposed by using Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs). Complexity of the multimedia transmission problem has been increased for MD coders if an input image is affected by any type of noise. In this case, it is necessary to solve two different problems which are designing the optimal side quantizers and estimating optimal parameters of the denoising filter. Existing MD coding (MDC) generation methods are capable of solving only one problem which is to design side quantizers from the given noise-free image but they can fail reducing any type of noise on the descriptions if they applied to the given noisy image and this will cause bad quality of multimedia transmission in networks. Proposed method is used to overcome these difficulties to provide effective multimedia transmission in lossy networks. To achieve it, Dual Tree-Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT) is first applied to the noisy image to obtain the subbands or set of coefficients which are used as a search space in the optimization problem. After that, two different objective functions are simultaneously employed in the MOEA to find pareto optimal solutions with the minimum costs by evolving the initial individuals through generations. Thus, optimal quantizers are created for MDCs generation and obtained optimum parameters are used in the image filter to remove the mixed Gaussian impulse noise on the descriptions effectively. The results demonstrate that proposed method is robust to the mixed Gaussian impulse noise, and offers a significant improvement of optimal side quantizers for balanced MDCs generation at different bitrates. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.