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WINNIE: From Oppression Towards A Fuller Humanity
Kerubo Abuya
Photo: Flickr/GovernmentZA
"Not until you have discovered what is worth dying for is life really worth living."
Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela-Mandela
Reminiscent of Freire's analogy of liberation as a painful childbirth and while the evocation of 'Mother' can be suspect as witnessed in disempowering narratives of women who must carry the weight of the world on their shoulders, it interests me that people in South Africa as well as continental Africa and the Diaspora referred to departed Elder, Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela-Mandela as Mother of the Nation, Mam'Winnie, uMam'Winnie, Mama Winnie or Mama Africa.
I hold'Mama' in esteem and context as an embodiment of the 'Source' and 'Force' that brings forth life. The life of a person, a people or a nation.The life in the 'Fruit' of the struggle for freedom and human dignity – liberation.
I first heard of Winnie Mandela during my teenage years. I simply knew of her then as the late South African Freedom Fighter, Nelson Mandela's wife. It wasn't until my young adult years that I started developing a deeper understanding of her role as a Freedom Fighter and Liberation Leader in her own right.
Everything I knew about Madikizela-Mandela was based on numerous stories told by local, regional and international media over the years, often portraying her as a highly contentious leader on a personal and professional level.
Deeply polarizing perceptions of Madikizela-Mandela continue to emerge following the news of her death on Monday, April 02, 2018 at age 81. People in South Africa and across the globe have eulogized this revolutionary leader in a variety of ways creating what feels like an emotionally charged, 'love-you-hate-you-shut-up' mosaic of 'raw-ripe', 'bitter-sweet-sour'and in-between, powerful depictions – as if in competition for voice, space, light and life.
The concept of the cycle or continuity of life unfolds as the world mourns this revolutionary. She continues to inspire global narratives that are forcing many to 'look' at her life's trajectory as a liberation leader – in life and death! A dynamic reflecting a duo-extreme and of shades in-between depending on what we 'see' when we 'look'. A symbolic,'narratives tag-of-war'strives to cement what Sisonke Msimang and others have called Madikizela-Mandela's legacy.
Based on what I have read, watched and conversations with people on and off social media, I have been struck by the varying descriptions of Madikizela-Mandela. Some of the words and phrases I have come across describe her as defiant, resilient, fierce, fearless, spirited, strong, brave, unbreakable, courageous, out-spoken, bold, passionate, resilient fortitude, flawed, militant, charismatic, radical, firebrand, despicable, complex, violent, murderous, corrupt, terrorist, tarnished, bully, kidnapper, Mandela's ex-wife, among others.
Read also: Winnie and Wambui, a Tribute to Sisters in the Struggle
In some cases, these words hinge on a one-sided view of a wonderful, loving and beloved liberation leader or a cold-blooded, corrupt politician and adulterous murderer. Some have drawn their perceptions of Madikizela-Mandela from both ends of the spectrum while others remain conspicuously silent. Silence is a form of communication.
Zukiswa Wanner called out what she termed, "pseudo-intellectual attacks" some people are "writing about this complex woman" noting in a one of her Facebook posts, "On Mam'Winnie: If the black man is always suspect, the black woman is always guilty. And I ain't got time for those who push the latter narrative, thank you".
Rasna Warah called out "white-media vilification" of Madikizela-Mandela and the hypocrisy of a global patriarchal double-standard which ignores prominent male political leaders' real or perceived transgressions yet takes "all gloves off when it comes to Winnie". Warah also noted, "Winnie Mandela was no doubt a deeply flawed human being. But which South African can claim to have remained completely untouched or undamaged by the extreme violence and blatant racism of the apartheid era? If anything, we should admire Winnie Mandela for refusing to allow the apartheid regime to crush her fearless spirit – a spirit that could be bent but which could not be broken."
Zukiswa Wanner reminded her fellow citizens in South Africa, "There is no historical record of men in the ANC or Pan Africanist Congress who raped their comrades, who stole resources donated by our anti-apartheid allies for those in camps in Angola, Tanzania, Zambia and Mozambique, and suffering the consequences for doing so".
Wanner continued, "Instead, our collective vilification has been towards the one person who suffered more than most in the last 30 years of apartheid because she was a woman who did not behave as we expected. What we have is a record of Madikizela- Mandela being asked at the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to apologise for her involvement in Stompie Seipei's murder. Jerry Richardson, the "coach" of the Mandela United Football Club, was sentenced to life for the teenager's murder. Madikizela-Mandela was convicted of kidnapping and being an accessory in the assault of Stompie. Her sentence was reduced to a fine and a suspended two-year sentence on appeal".
An excerpt from one of Stella Nyanzi's Facebook posts on Madikizela-Mandela, "Her beauty, strength, courage, resilience, out-spokenness, defiance, militant charisma and radical fire often inspired me to stand tall in difficult times" … and… "yet her reported human failings also shook me to the core because they were outright vile". Nyanzi resolved her multiple and conflicting perceptions of Madikizela-Mandela noting, "the greatest attribute was her beautiful complexity as a human being" who was "full of contradictions that make her life a grand enigma for inquiring minds. She was neither perfect nor pure evil. She was a huge paradox comprising several smaller paradoxical puzzles. Her tenacity and resilience astound me."
Some people have praised and acknowledged Madikizela-Mandela's contributions and position as a frontline leader in the liberation struggle in South Africa. Swift rebuttals and 'clap-backs' to local, regional and global media outlets emerged citing deliberate attempts to erase and minimize her role and stature as a liberation leader by referring to her as "anti-apartheid campaigner", "anti-apartheid crusader","anti-apartheid stalwart", Nelson Mandela's ex-wife and anti-apartheid activist", "flawed heroine", among others.
One cannot help but wonder why Madikizela-Mandela was loved by many but also detested,by some, perhaps in equal measure. As I reflect upon the myriad ways Madikizela-Mandela has been portrayed by different people, the Social Psychology concept of 'person perception' that explores how we form impressions of one another comes to mind.
Social Psychologists believe that 'person perception' attributes various "mental processes" to how we form impressions of one another and how these, influence subsequent conclusions, judgements we make about people, and the way we interact with them. iresearchnet.com indicates that forming impressions of other people can "occur indirectly and requires inferring information about a person based on observations of behaviors or based on second-hand information." It also explains that we can form impressions of other people "more directly and require little more than seeing another person." The website concludes that direct and indirect types of person perception "provide a foundation from which subsequent judgments are formed and subsequent interactions are shaped".
When we form our impressions of others through "indirect person perception" our "general perception of a person is the product of inference". This means that "many of the personal attributes" that "we may want to know about another person (e.g., whether the person is loyal, honest, or contemptible) are not directly observable".
These "attributes or traits must be discerned—either from observing the person's actions (actually watching the person behave in a loyal or honest manner) or from interpreting information provided by a third party (what a roommate conveys about a person or what the experimenter reveals)".
According to iresearchnet.com, "personal attributes that observers notice about another person need not be inferred because they are directly observable and are therefore noted immediately". These personal attributes include categorical judgments about other people such as their sex, race, and age. This process prompts the questions; "What sex? What race? and How old?" are "likely to be among the first impressions that observers form of others".
Perceptions: A Journey
Reflection on what informs my personal impressions, perceptions and conclusions about Mandikizela-Mandela find root in a journey that started during my teenage years where my initial knowledge of her was simply, Nelson Mandela's wife, based on what I read in the media.
As I matured into young adulthood and developed interests in social justice, my evolving consciousness enabled me to grow my understanding beyond my teenage view of her as Nelson Mandela's wife. Since I did not know Madikizela-Mandela, personally, to form personal impressions of her through observation, to for instance infer whether she was loyal or honest, I therefore utilized "indirect person perception" to form impressions of her based on "information proved by a third party" – the media.
It is therefore important that I continue reflecting upon the validity of the third-party information that has influenced some of my perceptions of her therefore broadening the scope of sources that corroborate or challenge the ones I have relied on in the past. As an outsider to South Africa it is also important that I listen to voices from within on this matter, but I cannot make assumptions that every voice that I hear from South Africa will be accurate.
Most importantly, I must also seek to learn what Mandikizela-Mandela says about her life and contributions to the liberation struggle, in her own words. Her book 491 Days: Prisoner Number 1323/69, a diary of her days in solitary confinement for 18 months, the documentary film Winnie as well as Alf Kumalo and Sukiswa Sukiswa Wanner's book 8115: A Prisoner's Home are great sources to add to your reading/viewing list.
My reflections have helped me pay attention to how stereotypes and cultural assumptions we hold related to the "direct person perception" dimensions of race, sex and gender can influence our impressions of one another. These intertwine within an interplay of culture and the dynamics of power.
The way power is expressed and experienced from a race, culture and gender perspective can influence our perceptions of one another. Afua Hirsch explored some aspects of how racial bias and sexism have shown up in some obituaries, "The death of Madikizela-Mandela is another opportunity to choose between a narrative of white supremacy and the one that overthrew it. If the media coverage of her death is anything to go by, this is, apparently, a deeply controversial choice".
Patricia Hill Collins' "domains-of-power heuristic" offers a compelling framework for analyzing power that considers the complexity of intersectionality. Collins posited, "power relations can be analyzed both via their mutual construction, for example, of racism and sexism as intersecting oppressions, as well as across domains of power, namely structural, disciplinary, cultural and interpersonal".
According to Collins, the structural domain of power consists of "public policies that organize and regulate the social institutions such as "banks, insurance companies, police departments, the real estate industry, schools, stores, restaurants, hospitals and governmental agencies". Madikizela-Mandela's struggle for justice touched on all these areas of power that discriminated against Black and Brown South Africans.The questions become; do I believe that all people regardless of race or gender have a right to equal access and opportunity to these critical resources, social services and facilities that help foster basic human dignity, nourishment, wellbeing and development? How do my beliefs and assumptions on this matter influence my perception of Madikizela-Mandela as a Black woman and leader who defended these rights?
Collins argued that "when people use the rules and regulations of everyday life and public policy to uphold social hierarchy or challenge it, their agency and actions shape the disciplinary domain of power". Madikizela-Mandela resisted the apartheid system's rules, regulations and public policies that discriminated against Black and Brown South Africans. The questions become; do I believe in or challenge the idea that all people, regardless of race or gender have a right to be protected from rules, regulations and public policies that uphold social hierarchy? How do my beliefs and assumptions on this matter influence my perception of Madikizela-Mandela as a Black woman and leader who championed this cause?
Collins further explained, "the cultural domain of power refers to social institutions and practices that produce the hegemonic ideas that justify social inequalities as well as counter-hegemonic ideas criticize unjust social relations. Through traditional and social media, journalism, and school curriculums, the cultural domain constructs representations, ideas and ideologies about social inequality".
"Liberation is thus a childbirth, and a painful one.
The man or woman who emerges is a new person,
viable only as the oppressor-oppressed contradiction
is superseded by the humanization of all people.
…the solution of this contradiction
is born in the labor which brings into the world this new being:
no longer oppressor nor longer oppressed,
but human in the process of achieving freedom".
Madikizela-Mandela challenged systems of domination that propagated social inequalities through an apartheid-inspired educational system, media, ideas and ideologies that include patriarchy which positioned women as less than, less deserving of opportunities, resources, being treated with dignity and respect and judged on a different and higher set of standards than men. Zukiswa Wanner reminded us, "Our patriarchal and puritanical brains, as men and women, relegated her to an ex-wife who cheated on our revered Saint Nelson while he was in prison."
South African women have come out in large numbers to defend Madikizela-Mandela's legacy in what they perceive as attempts to erase her contributions to the liberation struggle. As a Black woman and liberation leader who opposed the apartheid system and all it stood for, relentlessly, she suffered at the hands a sophisticated and vicious Security Branch smear campaign that as Shannon Ehbrahim reported,was designed to "discredit and isolate her".
The questions become; do I believe in or challenge the social institutions and practices that produce ideas and ideologies of domination "that justify social inequalities"? How do my beliefs and assumptions on this matter influence my perceptions of Madikizela-Mandela as a Black woman and leader who criticized "social institutions and practices which produced hegemonic ideas that justified social inequalities?
Collins argued that the "interpersonal domain of power encompasses the myriad experiences that individuals have within intersecting oppressions". Madikizela-Mandela and others in South African suffered the indignities of apartheid. Many of them lost their lives in the struggle for freedom and justice. While my goal isn't to portray Madikizela-Mandela as a helpless victim of apartheid power transgressions because she was a powerful force to contend with, along with others, she was jailed, banned, harassed, detained, held incommunicado in solitary confinement, often denied food, basic feminine sanitary items and at times denied access to the medical attention and legal counsel she needed.
The questions become; do I believe in or challenge the dehumanizing acts of brutality that were unleashed upon Madikizela-Mandela and others by the apartheid regime's power excesses? How do my beliefs and assumptions on this matter influence my perceptions of Madikizela-Mandela as a Black woman and leader who along with others, suffered the apartheid regime's power excesses?
"A new world will be born not by those who
stand at a distance with their arms folded, but by those who are in the arena,
whose garments are torn by storms and whose bodies are maimed in the course of contest. Honour belongs to those who never forsake the truth even when things seem dark and grim, who try over and over again, who are never discouraged by insults, humiliation and even defeat".
Nelson Mandela in a letter to Winnie Mandela, June 23, 1969
We know that Madikizela-Mandela endured the yoke and brunt of the dehumanizing whip of apartheid, stoutly, and in all her humanness as an act of unapologetic resistance, a site of undying hope bringing forth a new world from the abyss of a protracted and odious struggle to uphold human dignity.
Leading social change requires leaders who show up. Showing up is a critical first task and test for leaders of change. A leader who shows up can recruit and inspire others to also show up in support of the desired change. The social change process requires people who show up and are not afraid to stand up to be counted. The social change process is messy and unpredictable. While it requires planning, strategies, structure, resources and action, the leader and the people must understand that it is emergent. Madikizela-Mandela's commitment to the cause of social justice was undeniable because she showed up and did so, authentically.
I use the term authenticity here to mean she was committed to showing up as herself. She was not afraid to be herself even in the face and risk of physical and emotional injury to her person. She led change through action and unwavering courage while acknowledging her full humanness as she suffered the pain of the struggle. Her passion to serve her people while showing up, authentically and unapologetically, defined her leadership.
We were uncomfortable with a person who lived by her own rules
and refused to reconcile and join the mythical rainbow nation that we wanted to believe in.
She continued to live in her Orlando West home. She continued to attend functions,
when she wanted to at a time it suited her, and she continued being unapologetic
about who she was because she knew — though we chose to ignore it — she suffered to get South Africa to its present state.
Leading social change through action means navigating outside the comforts and context of 'armchair revolution' but within largely invisible peripheries, trenches and valleys that know the pain and suffering of the oppressed. Madikizela-Mandela did this and for the long haul, despite the heavy hand of a dehumanizing apartheid machinery.
We were all caught up in that war of liberation
Self no longer mattered, country came first.
When they were incarcerated, on hindsight, they looked after our
leaders because from then on, the violence in the country was untold.
We were the cannon fodder.
We were the foot soldiers
We were vulnerable
We were exposed to the viciousness of apartheid.
One may wonder, what inspired Madikizela-Mandela, a young mother in her twenties to join the liberation struggle?
"To surmount the situation of oppression, people must first critically recognize its causes, so that through transforming action they can create a new situation, one which makes possible the pursuit of a fuller humanity".
Through her leadership, Madikizela-Mandela drew the world's attention to the situation in South Africa and this could not have been achieved through lip service. The passion and courage she embodied were grounded in the values that she held dear. Her personal conviction and commitment to the values of racial, socioeconomic, political justice and equality, fairness and democracy were the path that illuminated possibilities and action for liberation, dignity and a "fuller humanity" (Freire) for all people in South Africa.
"My flesh is nothing more than sea shells washed up to the coast
by heavy waves of stormy political seas, my soul like the sea will always be there.
I would have been filled with shame if I was unable to get up and defend those ideals (that) my heroes and our patriots have sacrificed their lives for".
Winnie Mandela in a Letter to Nelson Mandela, March 08, 1970
I end my reflections noting that paying tribute to Madikizela-Mandela by acknowledging her great contributions to humanity through her leadership for social justice does not mean that we chose to ignore her humanness and humanity. She was as human as each one of us. She did what she did, when she did and with what she had. We are grateful.
Only she, walked in the shoes she wore and those of us who have no idea what it was like to live and stay alive in what Madikizela-Mandela called a "war of liberation", can only imagine.
I choose to pay more attention and listen to the voices of my South African sisters who have a deeper grasp of who Madikizela-Mandela was. I hold them in care. Deeply grateful to 'Dada' Zukiswa Wanner who has been kind and generous by sharing her insights on Mama #Winnie.
In attacking Madikizela-Mandela, MondliMakhanya in an article
this past Sunday attacks all of us who love our people and our country unstintingly. He attacks all of us who are human and fallible because humanity is about the possibility of fallibility.
He attacks all those of us who hold other black people with respect,
whatever our disagreements with them.
Makhanya attacks us all because #WeAreAllWinnieMandela.
And to uMam'Winnie, as the children would say, we did you dirty.
May we be kinder to you in death and may we learn to protect each other and
our country to ensure that all South Africans are treated with the dignity that they deserve.
With the dignity we did not afford you.
Hamba kahle, mkhonto.
'No love lost: What Winnie hate says about us'
Rest in Power Departed Elder
Nomzamo Winifred ZanyiweMadikizela-Mandela
Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Bloomsbury Academic; 30th Anniversary Edition
By Kerubo Abuya
Kerubo Abuya is an independent organizational, leadership development, leading change and cultural transformation strategy and action scholar-practitioner. She is a hopeful dreamer and believer in the dignity and emergence of endless possibilities in co-creating cultures where every human being can flourish.
Winnie Madikizela Mandela, an Original Brazen Woman who Multiplied
MOTHER OF THE NATION: The spear has fallen
MOTHER OF THE NATION: Saint and Sinner
MOTHER OF THE NATION: Love in a time of revolution
THE ALTERNATIVE PRESIDENT: A Case for Winnie Mandela
maWinnie: Lessons in Feminist Approaches to Storymaking
Nairobi, Nairobae, Nairoberry
Cacophonous, labyrinthine, gluttonous, angry, envious, charming, paradoxical, mysterious, confusing, alluring.
Wairimu Kagichu
Photo: Joecalih on Unsplash
Nairobi. A cacophony of matatu hoots and booming bongs from church bells. All in inexplicable harmony. Like a Beethoven piece. A muezzin's melody moves the ummah from a minaret here, a bus conductor — shouting from the most pimped out mathree — moves umati there. A hawker here. An ambulance there. But there's also a silent monotone. The sound of hope dying. Of someone stealing two billion every day, of the clock going tick-tock from your 9 to 5. There's that saying: if a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound? But what if it's in the middle of Waiyaki Way? Just because someone thinks giving us an expressway will absolve him of war crimes. While in reality, all it does is leave all the marabou storks homeless.
Nairobi. A labyrinth of lipstick-stained shot glasses and semi-filled ashtrays. Where a party starts regardless of where the limbs of the clock point. And only ends when everyone is browned out and on the brink of calling the one that got away. Nairobi is looking for coins during traffic because you want to help the beggar, who is patient enough to receive the donation before snatching your phone. It is being stagnant in that same traffic for long enough to buy crisps made with transformer oil and served in compact disk wrapping. And like clockwork, you put the window back up because Nairobbery isn't just a play on words. But the ones that hurt the most are the conmen, because nigga I trusted you!
Nairobi. Where gluttony is second nature. A kaleidoscope of too much gold tequila and too many smokie pasuas. Of good pasta and wine in overpriced restaurants. Of ramen noodles and pre-cooked meat. Where nothing is ever enough. We drink and eat to our fill because life sucks. Why wouldn't it? Our last president's advisor was the bottom of a Jameson bottle and our current one's advisor is Jesus. The spirit guides the nation either way, I guess. But still, Nairobi tastes like chances and do-overs. It tastes like anxieties and aspirations and I know it doesn't feel like it but today you omoka na 3-piecer then one day you omoka, for real.
Nairobi. Reeks of piss and thrifted clothes. Fresh bakeries and Subway. Old currency and that one cologne every man in their early 20s wears. Smells like fighting your titans and sending a million job applications. Nairobi. Where you can go weeks without a lover's touch but only days without a cop grabbing you by the wedgie into a mariamu because you shouldn't be idle as you wait for your Uber outside Alchemist. Because of course in that time you should take up a sport, play an instrument, solve world peace, et cetera.
There are few occasions when pride will linger. Like when Kipchoge finishes a marathon in under two hours. When Lupita wins an Oscar. The hubris you feel when your copy makes it to the billboard on UN Avenue. Or when your lame joke gets five retweets because Kenyans on Twitter will massacre you if you think you're the next Churchill. Orrrr that one time we were all watching Money Heist and so gassed that Nairobi was one of the characters.
Sadly, Nairobi pride also comes in with its individualism. Everyone is out here on their own trying to get some bread whether they're in the upper class getting baguettes and rye bread or in the lower class getting Supaloaf. I get it though, the city doesn't let anyone rest from the grind and the hustle and the drudgery. And the wealth gap is bigger than Vera Sidika's bunda. But ironically, the city is a paradox. An optical illusion. Sometimes the people are so ready to convene in community that it kinda revives the fickle hope you have in humanity. From safe spaces to fundraisers to a simple hearty conversation with your Uber driver.
And there's obviously that murky feeling of greed that comes from 90 per cent of our politicians. When you're at the bottom of the food chain it's called hunger, but the higher you climb the more you want and it becomes indulgence. Greed makes them say and do all kinds of things. Like apologising to Arab countries that are exploiting Kenyans because they don't want to be cut off. Y'all know any juakali guys we can commission for guillotines? – Heads gotta roll. Because how will I steal cooking oil and flour and end up in a cold cell but they'll steal billions and end up with a second five-year term?
I think wrath is the most Nairobi-esque of the cardinal sins. We're angry at the police. At the government, at global warming, at nduthis, at KPLC, at Zuku, at Safaricom, at KCB, at each other. Agonizingly though, our anger fizzles out as fast as it blazes up. I don't think we're ever angry enough.
And then there's the envy. You know you'll get there eventually but that gets lost in translation when you see someone with better because that sparks something in you even though we are all on different paths at different paces. Whether it's a BMW or an airfryer, the question stays: Why not me? And also I'm personally jealous of the people who've managed to move out of Nairobi to Naivasha, Watamu or wherever. It feels like they've figured their way out the maze while I'm still at a dead end wondering whether I can just hop out the sides. Doesn't matter what it is, our eyes are as green as the parks and spaces we so desperately need in this godforsaken city.
Nairobi. The city of miniskirts and cheers baba jackets. Lust dripping down the sides of our mouths because we can't seem to contain it under our tongues. I don't even know why people bother to go to Vasha for WRC when they live in the city of sexual debauchery where the only thing that's on heat more than the sun is whatever's between people's legs. Where even Christian Grey would pause and do a double-take. Where ropes aren't just for skipping and leashes aren't just for dogs. If you find ordered love in the city, you must have saved refugees and orphans in your past life. This is the city where the flesh is truly willing.
You know that intense sloth-like feeling when you wanna wake up for Sunday brunch at Brew Bistro or K1 and then later watch Hamilton race at around 4 when all the mimosas have hit your head and you're surprised that your wig is still intact? Or the next day when you're trying to get out of your covers and you're thinking about that beastly Nairobi traffic you're about to face and all you can do is tweet "Nimewacha pombe mimi". Truthfully though, other than that and a few other instances, the pace is too fast for me. I just wanna be in a dera next to the beach drinking a passion caipiroska and eating viazi karai cause why are y'all always running?
And y'all are way too fast when coming up with new words too. There's like a million words for currency, ass, sex, sherehe, et cetera. Truly, there is a certain linguistic je ne sais quoi when it comes to the Nairobian's language. It stops being a transaction of random syllables and begins to become an understanding of feelings, emotions and behaviour. I, especially, like how we knead it into our art. We sneak it into our music and get phenomena like gengetone.
We compress it into our films and get Nairobi Half Life. We squeeze it into our visual pieces and get Michael Soi. One thing about Nairobians is we do not cower in silence, we have words to say and we shall say them. Even if that means running a president out of Twitter. That's why our writers are as staggeringly sensational as they are. Ngartia. Sookie. Grey. Muthaka. Laria. Abu. And those are just my friends, dawg.
But it's not just the writing. The fashion. Rosemary Wangari. Nicole Wendo. Samantha Nyakoe. The music. Mau from Nowhere, Vallerie Muthoni, Karun, Maya Amolo, XPRSO. Just a Band. The films. The painting. Muthoni Matu. Zolesa. The architecture. The cinema. The theatre. Too Early for Birds is back! et cetera. Man, I gotta tell ya, when God was cooking up the cauldron of this city, he went hard on the talent. Quote me on this: a lot of exceptional creatives from this city are gonna hit the world with a head-splitting bang in a couple of years.
Nairobi. Despite the crowds, the queues and the poor drainage, it still has a charm. Mysterious. Confusing. Alluring. Despite the fact that you can only truly enjoy the Nairobi experience if you're a bird or an expat, me I love it still.
Nairobians, keep sinning, keep winning!
Death hangs heavily over people with cancer – it is always there, reminding you of your mortality.
Rasna Warah
So, this is what happens when a doctor tells you that you have cancer. The first response is disbelief (how can this be true?), followed by anger (I don't deserve this, I never hurt anyone), and then a deep sense of grief and loss (what will I miss when I die, and how will my loved ones cope without me?)
They say cancer is the result of pent-up anger and resentment. Apparently, years of holding on to these emotions make your cells misbehave and become toxic. Cancer cells end up eating up healthy cells, leaving the body so full of poison that it collapses from lack of vitality. The jury is still out on whether lifestyle choices generate cancer in the body because people who lead healthy lives seem to be as prone to cancer as those who don't. Nonetheless, when you find out you have cancer, your first reaction is to blame yourself. It is sort of like being told you have HIV. (Was I responsible for this? Was I reckless? Should I have used a condom?)
Friends and relatives will tell you that breast cancer is beatable, that they know so many women who had breast cancer and lived healthy lives years after treatment. What they don't tell you is that all the literature points to a short life expectancy after the discovery of cancer. The chances of recurrence are high, even with chemotherapy, mastectomy or radiation, the traditional methods to "cure" breast cancer. I have read studies where women who had chemotherapy had an equal chance of recurrence as those who didn't. So, death hangs heavily over people with cancer – it is always there, constantly reminding you of your mortality.
Most people are so afraid of cancer that they can't even say the word. The receptionist at an oncologist's office actually asked me what kind of "C" I had – never used the word cancer. Yet she deals with cancer patients every day. Another oncologist I consulted couldn't even make eye contact with me and rushed me through a diagnosis I couldn't understand, perhaps believing that my cancer was contagious?
The thing is that cancer is not like any other disease that can be cured through surgery or drugs. It requires months of treatment and constant monitoring. It's not like having malaria or a broken bone. It is like having an enemy residing in your body, hostile, predatory, waiting to pounce at any moment.
It seems a positive frame of mind is critical in recovering from cancer. I got calls from women who told me they bounced right back into their lives after months of treatment as if nothing had happened, that I mustn't believe all the literature, that I should get all the treatments done and go back to living a normal life. They didn't explain to me why they have been working from home since their treatment started and since their so-called "recovery". Others are more honest about their experiences. A South African women called to tell me that her experience with chemotherapy had damaged her heart, and she is on life-long medication that makes her urinate every few minutes, which means she can no longer work in an office. Instead of destroying the cancer, the chemo destroyed healthy cells in her heart. She is cancer-free but now disabled in other ways. Another friend told me her aunt died not from the cancer, but from the chemo.
What the doctors and the optimists don't tell you is that both chemotherapy and radiation have debilitating impacts on your body. They literally are poisons injected into your body to kill another poison. Sort of like a vaccine but not quite because they do not boost your immunity. Both chemotherapy and radiation therapies involve weeks of hospital visits that cost an arm and leg. Nausea, burns on your body, fatigue are common side effects.
A friend from Boston who has studied alternative ways of healing from cancer (including not getting any treatment at all) tells me that each woman with breast cancer has to make an individual choice about what kind of treatment she should get. Doctors trained in Western medicine will be quick to put you on chemotherapy and the other treatments without giving you other options. Desperate and eager to cling onto life, the patient with cancer readily accepts any treatment, not realising that not only is it a very long process, but very costly as well. Mental preparation and psychological support are also necessary before embarking on the long and arduous journey called cancer treatment. People become life-long patients; some recover well, others not so well. Some women opt for no treatment, preferring to lead a good quality of life before the disease ravages the body.
I am looking at alternative methods of healing, including Pranic healing that works on your energy fields and chakras. So far it seems to be helping me, but only time will tell if I will be a success story. I have certainly started eating more, and those dizzy spells in the morning seem to be getting rarer.
The biopsy results are not yet out, so I am still not sure what the oncologist will prescribe, but in Kenya, the modus operandi seems to follow the same script: mastectomy, followed by chemotherapy or radiation and some kind of hormone treatment. Am I ready to go there? Not sure. Women who lose their breasts speak of feeling like an amputee; the loss of an organ that defines their femininity impacts their identity and self-esteem. Others are more casual about losing their breasts, ("It's just fat," one woman told me). `
The other thing about cancer is that when you have it, you think of nothing else. Everything is a blur. Someone wants to make small talk, and all you want to do is look the other way or scream. (Can't you see I have cancer? Do you really want to discuss the weather?) You think about your life in vivid film shots. Your past suddenly comes into sharp focus, both the happy and sad days. You begin questioning the meaning of life in ways you never did before. Cancer prepares you for death the way a fatal car accident doesn't. Is sudden death preferable to dying slowly because you can't see it coming? Not sure.
But let me not be the purveyor of doom and gloom. The reason I am writing this article is that I have learned wonderful things about myself and other people. One of the things I have learned is that people can be kind and generous when they know you are in pain. People I don't even know and have never met have sent me good wishes, prayers and even money for my treatment. Friends and family have sent food and offered accommodation. An Indian friend called to say that if I opted to go to India for treatment, I could stay in his home for as long as I needed. These generous and kind offers have literally brought tears to my eyes.
What I also learned is that my life's work has not been a waste, and that my readers love and admire me for my writing. I didn't realise I had inspired so many people, not just in Kenya but around the world, through words I have penned. That is a really important things for me to know and hold onto right now – to realise that I had a gift that I used well, and which helped others. And to know that when I go, my writing will live on.
I also learned that life is very, very short. So, we must not postpone the things we need to do. If your job makes you unhappy, quit. If a relationship is toxic, leave it. If people around you are making you feel bad about yourself, walk away. Surround yourself with people who love and cherish you. Love is very important for human survival, so distribute it freely. Be kind and generous. This thing called life is temporary, so enjoy every moment and live it as if every day is your last.
Someone's Grandmother Just Died!
It is painful to always have to consider the feelings of others while legitimate calls for acknowledgement of racial injustice and reparations are consistently ignored and dismissed.
Fitzgerald Brown
Following the death of Queen Elizabeth II, I watched the televised service at St. Giles' Cathedral in Edinburgh attended by the royals and various Scottish dignitaries, as well as the many hundreds who came out to pay their respects or to be a part of this historical event.
As I watched the outpouring of public emotion, I couldn't help but wonder what emotions the queen's death would invoke in those whose lives have been blighted because of the British colonial policies that killed millions and left a legacy of misery and disenfranchisement in countries far too many to name.
At first I was saddened by the news. But then came the reactions of global figures the world over, with some proclaiming outright that Queen Elizabeth had been a guiding light, a symbol of hope and stability in the world. One broadcaster went so far as to say "She was everybody's grandmother." My problem was that she wasn't mine.
My grandmother, born in 1923, was just three years old when the Queen was born, my 81-year-old mother told me when I called to get her reaction to the news that the Queen had died. "She would've been 99 years old today if she had she lived," my mom said. I could hear the emotion in her voice as she remembered her mother. My grandmother died in 1983; she was 59 years old. I was then just 18 years old. I said, "Mom with all the things we know about the racist systems that have kept Black and Brown people oppressed, I really don't know how I want to feel about the death of the British Queen." Never one to mince her words, my mom replied, "She was a human being, and we, well you know, we mourn the loss of any life."
Yes. She may have been a grandmother to many but to me she was a symbol of institutionalized racism in its clearest form. Images of British dynasty have been present in the education of every American who has gone through the public school system since the Second World War during which the United States allied with Britain in their quest for global power and dominance. Yet here was the evil of the Crown being portrayed in the media—as it's always been portrayed—as providence, something divine. As I listened to a special broadcast by the popular British talk show host James Corden talking to an American audience about the Queen's passing, his tone struck me as odd: "She will be missed, she was everybody's grandmother," he said, going on to tell us how well she had served the country and the world.
As I was listening to Corden and wondering why I was so irritated by his outpouring of emotion, it dawned on me that racism moves from generation to generation, falling back on the old practices of how to colonize a nation: You teach them to love you more than they love themselves. Racism survives because the symbols of racism never die. We carry the symbols in our hearts and in our minds and once we have identified with them, we seek to justify their existence. While I could empathise with those that felt a special connection to the Crown, what I realized and felt most immediately, was the insensitivity I received as an African American who bears the scars of the legacy of slavery that has made the British Empire one of the richest and most powerful nations in the world today.
The next day I watched the funeral procession move through the streets of Edinburgh, the commentators conveying the solemn mood of the people who came out to pay tribute to their Queen. All the while I couldn't see past the 1989 image of Princess Diana hugging a child suffering from HIV/AIDS. On her first unaccompanied trip overseas, Princess Diana spontaneously broke with protocol and showed compassion towards a suffering Black child with all the world watching, at a time when the stigma of HIV/AIDS was as bad as the disease, and Blacks were being impacted the most and no one else seemed to care. Diana's humanity helped solidify her reputation as the "People's Princess" and it radically changed the way AIDS sufferers were perceived.
While the news played on I thought about two recent exchanges I had had in Amsterdam, just outside my front door. The first exchange took place in a cafe.
I was sitting at the bar having a coffee. Another Black male of Surinamese origin was sitting a couple of tables away. It was midmorning and we were the only ones there. In an attempt to start a conversation, as men do, he asked my opinion on the war in Ukraine. I told him I thought it was crazy, all too unreal. The white Dutchman behind the counter leaned over and candidly shared, "I don't give a shit about the war in Ukraine." I didn't speak again and left the bar so abruptly the young brother asked, "You leaving?" I was in no mood to have that conversation so early in the day, having experienced the backlash of the "Black Lives Matter" protest with the counter-narrative that All Lives Matter; I've learned that sometimes it's better to just hold one's peace and walk away. (It literally is your peace.)
Shortly after that incident, a couple of days later, I had another encounter that made me realize that we simply can't afford not to care. I had wandered into a tool shop on the corner of my street that looks more like a men's gift shop inside than a hardware store selling nails, drills and plywood. Behind me walked in a man who apparently knew what he wanted because we reached the cash register at the same time, he with a power drill in his hand. I moved aside to let him be the first in line, not sure if I was done.
The Dutchman behind the counter seemed not to have noticed that the man with the drill wasn't Dutch and didn't speak the language. But to his credit, he did know what he wanted: the drill and a bag in which to put the canisters of spray paint he had already placed on the counter. Being familiar with Eastern Europeans, I assumed the man was Polish and asked "Polske?" "No! Ukraine!" he said, then, smiling, added, "Close."
"Hij wil een tas." He wants a bag, I said to the clerk; bags are not automatically handed out after a purchase these days. The clerk then understood and reached under the counter. I was pleased I could help and the Ukrainian was happy as well. To my surprise, as I placed my items on the counter, the Ukrainian tapped my shoulder and offered a fist bump.
I say all this to say of the human condition that people appreciate what they understand. And sadly enough, we rarely think about injustice until it is visited upon us.
Whose permission do we now need to talk about racism and the policies that still impact us today? Africa and the African diaspora's historical issues are and always have been about racism and this is why members of this group, my group, will always hold a contrarian view when the West attempts to compel us to join them in their moment of grief. My grandmother died in 1983, at the young age of 59, in a small southern town next to a river; there was no horse and carriage, no media. The British Empire once covered the whole world, a dominance that was achieved through suppression and oppression. Many atrocities were committed and entire communities decimated under the authority of the Queen. I was raised never to speak ill of the dead because they aren't here to defend themselves but I will submit this: it is painful to always have to consider the feelings of others while legitimate calls for acknowledgement of racial injustice and reparations are consistently ignored and dismissed. Where is the same fervour and energy for those issues that matter to us?
When we as Black people keep the peace, we empower the presence of the historical lie that we are inferior and thus require control. When we remain silent we allow the systems of the institutions and the prejudices that block our collective growth to thrive. Why should we care about the death of the Queen when the Queen has stood for the oppression of our people? Why should we be guilt-tripped into silence, into not speaking out about the dead, into not pursuing our freedom? When will our emergency, the issues that impact Black and Brown people, become a top concern for the White world? When will I be able speak without fear of being branded just another angry black man, angry for what I don't have that others do?
Sad as the Queen's death is to those that survive her, honouring her service is a symbolic gesture that must be contextualized because, for many, and not just in the UK but all over the world, the English monarchy is a symbol of oppression. I recently listened to a podcast in which a Black podcaster scolded an guest who said this of the Queen: "She is the symbol of colonialism and racism for many; however much we want to romanticize the Queen of England's long reign on the throne as a stabilizing force on earth, she has also allowed many human rights violations on her watch". The podcaster's response was a classic putdown, "Why do Black people have to always bring up racism? Someone's grandmother just died!"
Racism endures because when we identify with its symbols, we will do anything and everything in our power to justify and defend them.


Gardenia - An exquisite aroma with a sweet top note and a natural intense body.
Juniper Breeze - A refreshing scent of forest greens, jasmine, green apple and musk.
Violet Lime - The luxurious bouquet of violet blends with crisp, clean lime.


text:
Autumn Statement 2015: what it means for contractors
Homepage > Blog > Autumn Statement 2015: what it means for contractors
26th November 2015author: Tim
Yesterday, thousands of contractors, freelancers and self-employed professionals waited with bated breath to see what George Osborne had in store for them in the Autumn Statement.
Many who had been building themselves up for a headline announcement about restrictions to travel and subsistence tax relief might have been left rather underwhelmed – though as our managing director explains, more detail is expected on 9th December.
Instead, the chancellor pulled a few rabbits of the hat, while performing a couple of U-turns along the way – most notably on tax credits. Here's a quick rundown of the top five topics that could affect contractors.
Online tax accounts
Mr Osborne promised to make HMRC "one of the most digitally advanced tax administrations in the world" by pumping £1.3 billion into the taxman's coffers. It's hoped the new system will provide all small businesses with an online tax account by 2020.
Once the online tax accounts come into force, Capital Gains Tax (CGT) will need to be paid within 30 days of the sale of any residential property. The new regime will come into force from April 2019 and replace the current system that requires CGT to be settled up on the 31st January each tax year.
Company car tax diesel supplement
The planned removal of the three percentage point difference between diesel and petrol cars has been pushed back to April 2021.
Anyone who purchases an additional residential property as a buy-to-let or second home from 1st April 2016 will have to fork out a higher rate of stamp duty land tax. This will be three percentage points above the current rate and affect properties valued above £40,000.
Probably the chancellor's biggest climb down of the speech came when he scrapped his plans to cut tax credits. He claimed that the current income threshold of £6,420 and 41% taper of gross income could remain in place since they were going to be phased out by 2018.
What do you think about the Autumn Statement? How do you think you'll be affected as a contractor? Let us know on Twitter or by leaving a comment below.
TaxGovernmentAutumn Statementcontractors
Don't forget the Self-Assessment Tax Return deadline
Read our tips on submitting your Self-Assessment Tax Return, be quick as the deadline's coming up!
Loan Charge independent review commissioned by Chancellor
The Loan Charge is to be the recipient of an independent review, commissioned earlier this year. We've taken a closer look at the details.
Managing Your Money as a Contractor
Take care of your finances and start planning for the future with ClearSky's tips.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Currently the backup system tends to ignore errors return values. It calls lots of functions, which may return false, but does not always take action as a result of the return value.
1) When any function called during backup returns false, an error should be printed at that point. The error should make clear which activity or part of the data caused the error, so that [for example] the user could retry the backup without that activity.
2) The system should continue with the backup as at present, but track whether an error occurred. At the end of a backup a clear message should display ('Backup completed succesfully' or 'Backup completed with errors').
3) Depending on a config option, admins can set up the system so that when a backup has errors, it is aborted. (The abort would happen either at the point where the error occurs, or at the final stage, to be determined. But either way it wouldn't make the zip file.) This would be an option because sometimes there are backup problems that are not fatal and, for sites that don't have a development team, a partial backup is better than none.
4) This config option should be configurable in the admin pages in the same place as any existing backup-related options.
5) Moodle has a system for running scheduled backups. When a scheduled backup is running, this should always be continued (not aborted) even if errors occur, regardless of the config option.


Cart Works is dedicated to providing you with all the accessories you need to make your golf cart a fun and useful part of your life. Whether you're an off-roader, camper, hunter or a golf enthusiast, everything you need (or want) for your golf cart can be found at Cart Works. We stock a full line of parts and accessories for EZGO, Club Car and Yamaha to give your cart the custom look you've always wanted. And if you're a hunter, check out our exclusive brand of hunting carts, the Sportman Series XL and XLT... equipped with all the racks, gun holders, lights and camo that you'll need to succeed this hunting season.
We have too many parts and accessories to list on this website, so if don't find what you're looking for, contact us. If we don't have it on hand, we'll find it for you!


text:
Practical Magic is a 1998 American romantic comedy film based on the 1995 novel of the same name by Alice Hoffman. The film was directed by Griffin Dunne and stars Sandra Bullock, Nicole Kidman, Stockard Channing, Dianne Wiest, Aidan Quinn and Goran Visnjic. The film score was composed by Alan Silvestri. Bullock and Kidman play sisters Sally and Gillian Owens, who have always known they were different from each other. Raised by their aunts after their parents' lives were taken, the sisters grew up in a household that was anything but typical—their aunts fed them chocolate cake for breakfast and taught them the uses of practical magic. ... more on Wikipedia
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#6 of 40 The Best Movies About Magic 6.1k VOTES The best movies about magic include some of the most riveting and fascinating films ever made. From the bravado and intrigue...
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the thing cartoon who owns miller lite love actually cast cartoon movies 2008 2009 movies list harry potter 5 cast the most portuguese man in the world old hbo shows domestic short haired cat robert adam works in architecture


Andy: To be honest, it's a bit embarrassing that HYA is included on this list, as I feel the site is a shell of it's former self after I have had to switch from this site being my main income (which is very, very hard to achieve) over to my camera accessories website Rigu. I would suspect that HYA was mostly included simply because it would be poor form not to put the oldest active shirt blog on it. Now I'm off to count my blogging millions from all these ads.


text:
Developing Digital Citizenship, Digital Literacy and Student Voice Using Social Media in K12
Jennifer Casa-Todd, Robin Kay, Janette Hughes, Ontario Tech University, Canada
EdMedia + Innovate Learning, Jun 23, 2020 in Online, The Netherlands ISBN 978-1-939797-50-6 Publisher: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE), Waynesville, NC
Abstract: Limited research exists on how social media can support students in K-12 environments. This narrative inquiry study focused on the Ontario Educational Student Chat (ONedSschat) to explore the extent to which students, who were part of the organizing and leadership team, developed digital citizenship, digital literacies, and student voice. Data examined included student tweets, webinars, podcasts, and interviews with two adult mentors and one student. Digital citizenship, digital literacies, and student voice were reviewed through the use of YouTube webinars and Twitter, as well as interview data on student perspectives. With few exceptions, students on the ONedSschat team exhibited a high degree of digital citizenship, used tools and platforms with greater fluency, demonstrated increases in student voice.
Casa-Todd, J., Kay, R. & Hughes, J. (2020). Developing Digital Citizenship, Digital Literacy and Student Voice Using Social Media in K12. In Proceedings of EdMedia + Innovate Learning (pp. 550-555). Online, The Netherlands: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved February 1, 2023 from https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/217351/.
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Developing Digital Citizenship, Digital Literacy and Student Voice .pptx (Access with Subscription)
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Ancient cultures have grown hydroponically for thousands of years. This type of growing system had a revived interest post-World War II when scientists and horticulturists experimented to find a way to grow crops in areas that do not have adequate arable land or no land at all for crops. The 1970s saw an interest in hydroponic gardening by commercial and home growers. Miniature and ultra dwarf fruit trees have been bred for container gardening, and many varieties do well in hydroponic grow systems as well. Miniature banana trees such as the Super Dwarf Cavendish do well in hydroponic systems such as nutrient film technique (NFT). They produce a small dessert banana. NFT kits can be purchased from your local garden center or from online dealers.
Purchase an NFT grow system. Look for systems that include net pots, aerator and water pump. Purchase a large table to hold your hydroponic grow system. Banana trees are heavy feeders, so purchase a grow medium (nutrient) specifically for tropical plants. Banana trees require at least 12 hours of sunlight, so you will need grow lights with a timer. Purchase rubber stall mats from a local feed store.
Select a location for your hydroponic system. Choose an area that receives direct sunlight and has little draft from windows, doors and air conditioners. Banana trees do not tolerate temperatures below 67 degrees.
Place rubber stall mats on the floor where you will set up your hydroponic grow system. This will keep the floor from becoming slippery with water. Set the table up on top of the mats. Install your NFT grow system according to the instructions included with your kit. Install grow lights over the hydroponic garden and set the timer to ensure 12 hours of daily light for your banana trees.
Plant the banana tree rhizomes into net pots that are included with the hydroponic grow system you purchased. You may need to have extra net pots depending on the number of trees you are growing.
Add grow medium to your grow system. Banana trees are heavy feeders, except when they are actively growing. Adjust the grow medium according to the growth cycle. During times of high growth use only 1/3 of the grow medium; all other times use it at full strength. Add grow medium weekly to your hydroponic system.
Harvest fruit by cutting the stalks. Indoor banana trees are ready for their first harvest in three to five years. Once your banana tree begins producing fruit regular harvests will provide a continual production of fruit.


text:
Q: DataGrid template edit I've created datagrid with combobox (reading data from DB), but need to fix some problems, maybe someone of you can help me ;)
First of all, I used grouping in dataGrid (group by name Wzór#), and everytime I want to add new element, it shows on the bottom:
http://i45.tinypic.com/2l8yarp.png[^]
Is it possible, to create something like "new group" with this only (the new one) item? For example like:
Wzór 1
Wzór1 niebieski 22 1 1 1
Wzór1 czerwony 23 1 1 1
Wzór 2
Wzór 2 czarny 55 1 1 1
Add new item
ComboBox ComBox ComboBox TextBox TextBox TextBox (which are exactly same as marked in picture). I mean somethink like that:
http://i45.tinypic.com/2s0ms90.png[^]
Second problem i found is that, when Im adding new item, and changing anything in ComboBox1,2 or 3 and then when im begining edit any textbox, all values from combobox dissapear - any way to fix it?
Here is source code (Actually its not very complicated, i have 3 methods with fill combobox1, combobox2 and combobox3 from database, then after button click im creating new Product item which im adding to list):
wzoryCount = wzoryCB.Items.Count;
            List<Produkt> Produkty = new List<Produkt>();
           // for (int i = 0; i < wzoryCount; i++)
            //{

                Produkt p = new Produkt { wzor = "", kolor = "", cena = 0, rozmiar = "", indeks = "", kod = "" };
                Produkty.Add(p);
           // }

            dataGrid1.ItemsSource = Produkty;
            ListCollectionView collection = new ListCollectionView(Produkty);
            collection.GroupDescriptions.Add(new PropertyGroupDescription("wzor"));
            dataGrid1.ItemsSource = collection;

I guess, i need to do something in beginEdit method for datagrid, but when i put there messagebox, it doesnt appear when im changing anything in combobox, but do when im changing textbox.
Thanks for any help!

A: First, you need ObservableCollection, not List.
Second you can do it in xaml:
<DataGrid ItemsSource="{Binding Produkty}">
    <DataGrid.Columns>

        <DataGridTemplateColumn Header="wzor">
            <DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding wzor}"/>
                </DataTemplate>
            </DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
        </DataGridTemplateColumn>

        <DataGridTemplateColumn Header="kolor">
            <DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding kolor}"/>
                </DataTemplate>
            </DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
        </DataGridTemplateColumn>

        <DataGridTemplateColumn Header="cena">
            <DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding cena}"/>
                </DataTemplate>
            </DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
        </DataGridTemplateColumn>

        <DataGridTemplateColumn Header="rozmiar">
            <DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding rozmiar}"/>
                </DataTemplate>
            </DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
        </DataGridTemplateColumn>

        <DataGridTemplateColumn Header="indeks">
            <DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding indeks}"/>
                </DataTemplate>
            </DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
        </DataGridTemplateColumn>

        <DataGridTemplateColumn Header="kod">
            <DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding kod}"/>
                </DataTemplate>
            </DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
        </DataGridTemplateColumn>

    </DataGrid.Columns>
</DataGrid>

A: Too long for comment, so ill post it here. This is code im using in xaml, so Your answed doesnt work i guess

    <DataGrid.Columns>

        <!--<DataGridTextColumn Header="Wzór" Binding="{Binding Path=wzor}"  ></DataGridTextColumn>-->

        <DataGridTemplateColumn Header="Wzór">
            <DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <ComboBox ItemsSource="{StaticResource wzoryList}" SelectedItem="{Binding wzor}"></ComboBox>
                </DataTemplate>
            </DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
        </DataGridTemplateColumn>

        <DataGridTemplateColumn Header="Kolor">
            <DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <ComboBox ItemsSource="{StaticResource koloryList}" SelectedItem="{Binding kolor}"></ComboBox>
                </DataTemplate>
            </DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
        </DataGridTemplateColumn>

        <DataGridTemplateColumn Header="Rozmiar">
            <DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <ComboBox ItemsSource="{StaticResource rozmiarList}" SelectedItem="{Binding rozmiar}"></ComboBox>
                </DataTemplate>
            </DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
        </DataGridTemplateColumn>

        <DataGridTextColumn Header="Indeks" Binding="{Binding Path=indeks}" ></DataGridTextColumn>
        <DataGridTextColumn Header="Kod" Binding="{Binding Path=kod}"></DataGridTextColumn>
        <DataGridTextColumn Header="Cena" Binding="{Binding Path=cena}" ></DataGridTextColumn>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


legal services to both local and international clients, having serviced clients from Australia, Brunei, Canada, Cayman Islands, China, France, Hong Kong, India, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom and United States of America.
• A breadth of global knowledge from a local perspective.
across Europe and Asia met in Bali, Indonesia. As a result of a dialogue between them, the League of Lawyers was formed in 2013 to synergise their resources and efforts to enhance their clients' experience with them. The founding members are Malaysia (MahWengKwai & Associates), Australia (Ferguson Cannon), Germany (VON ZANTHIER & SCHULZ), India (Astra Law) and China (Yap & Lam). The League of Lawyers now serves the needs of clients in Asia, Australia and Europe, who have inbound and outbound business investments.
The League of Lawyers facilitates members to reach out to each other for knowledge and resources, so that we can provide direct, relevant, concise and prompt advice in a globalised and web connected world. We help each other understand the country risk, regulatory framework and cultural sensitivities. In short, the League of Lawyers leverages on each member's experience, knowledge, resources and thoughts so that we are able to offer tailored and contextualised solutions to our clients.
Members of League of Lawyers share similar values and standards. This ensures that our clients will be able to receive levels of service with reliable quality from any member of the League of Lawyers.
The League of Lawyers is a platform for law firms to exchange thoughts and coordinate efforts on image branding, business development, best practices, knowledge management and resource exchange. This will be beneficial to you as we collectively extend your client service capabilities to new marketplaces and provide clients with synchronised legal services so that they will receive similar levels of service with reliable quality from any member of the League of Lawyers.
We emphasise on understanding clients' businesses and challenges so that we offer tailored and contextualised solutions. Through the League of Lawyers, we offer clients synchronised legal services for transcontinental activities that involve more than one jurisdiction. Also, it is important to us that clients, regardless of their size, receive our person-oriented attention. We see ourselves as globalised lawyers, with country-specific expertise.
Towards expanding the reach of the League of Lawyers, we are seeking firms to represent their country jurisdiction in the League of Lawyers. In principle, each country will be represented by only one firm from that jurisdiction. Our current focus is to grow our presence and relationships in Asia and Europe.


text:
Sailors from the USS George H.W. Bush Have COVID-19. The Navy Won't Say How Many
Sailors aboard USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77) man the rails as the ship returns to Naval Station Norfolk, Aug. 21, 2020. (U.S. Navy/Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Apprentice Raymond Maddocks)
Task & Purpose | By Jeff Schogol
This article by Jeff Schogol originally appeared on Task & Purpose, a digital news and culture publication dedicated to military and veterans issues.
A "small number" of sailors assigned to the aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush have tested positive for the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), Naval Air Force Atlantic spokeswoman Cmdr. Jennifer Cragg confirmed on Thursday.
Cragg said she was unable to say exactly how many sailors were sickened with the coronavirus or when they tested positive for the disease due to limits imposed by the Pentagon on what information can be made public.
"The Department of Defense does not release the number of infected individuals at the unit, facility or geographic area level due to operational security," Cragg said in a statement.
Navy Times reporter Geoff Ziezulewicz first revealed that an unspecified number of the aircraft carrier's crew had been diagnosed with the coronavirus and are currently in isolation at home while the ship is undergoing maintenance at Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Virginia.
The sailors tested positive for the coronavirus "this summer," said Cragg, who declined to be more specific. Those sailors are receiving daily medical care and support.
"Additionally, USS George H.W. Bush is actively enforcing physical distancing, minimizing group gatherings, wearing PPE [personal protective equipment], and cleaning extensively," Cragg said. "Norfolk Naval Shipyard is conducting temperature checks and screening all personnel with a medical symptoms questionnaire, and if required, referring Sailors with symptoms for medical evaluation."
The coronavirus has shown how shockingly vulnerable Navy ships are to disease outbreaks. On the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt, 1,273 sailors became infected with the virus, one of whom died: Chief Petty Officer Charles Robert Thacker Jr.
Separately, more than 70 sailors aboard the destroyer USS Kidd tested positive for the coronavirus this spring.
As of July 29, a total of 9,078 Navy sailors, civilians, contractors, and dependents had tested positive for the coronavirus, according to the Navy's latest figures. Of those cases, 18 people have died: One sailor, four contractors, and 13 civilians.
More articles from Task & Purpose:
• What should US troops expect if Joe Biden is elected president?
• Kim Jong Un appears ready to drop the hottest diss track of 2020
• Arizona National Guard soldier dies after collapsing during fitness test
Related Topics: Military Headlines Coronavirus/COVID-19 US Navy Topics Aircraft Carriers
© Copyright 2021 Task & Purpose. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
Child cancer treatment 'wonderful news'
The NHS has agreed a deal for a revolutionary new cancer drug for children with advanced leukaemia.
Lydia and Darrell Bate, whose late son Fabian was on early trials for the drug, welcomed its introduction.
Watch the BBC's Victoria Derbyshire programme on weekdays between 09:00 and 11:00 BST on BBC Two and the BBC News Channel in the UK and on iPlayer afterwards.
duration5 September 2018
Child cancer treatment 'wonderful news' Video, 00:02:10Child cancer treatment 'wonderful news'
Up Next, What does the world want from Joe Biden? Video, 00:03:58What does the world want from Joe Biden?
One girl's quest for clean water. Video, 00:04:11One girl's quest for clean water
The surveillance of Martin Luther King Jr. Video, 00:02:25The surveillance of Martin Luther King Jr
Four-year-old's viral dinosaur song made into book. Video, 00:02:54Four-year-old's viral dinosaur song made into book
Huge military showcase in North Korea. Video, 00:01:31Huge military showcase in North Korea
duration17 hours ago
'I might die because of surgery delays due to Covid' Video, 00:01:45'I might die because of surgery delays due to Covid'
Young, black and more likely to die. Video, 00:05:14Young, black and more likely to die
duration1 day ago
Why Bez wants people to 'get buzzin' in lockdown' Video, 00:02:44Why Bez wants people to 'get buzzin' in lockdown'
Inside the world's richest e-sports player's mansion. Video, 00:06:42Inside the world's richest e-sports player's mansion
Covid ward revisited 10 months on. Video, 00:04:25Covid ward revisited 10 months on
duration2 days ago


The Woodbury County Board of Supervisors in northwest Iowa has voted against having a public prayer before opening a board meeting.
SIOUX CITY, Ia. — The Woodbury County Board of Supervisors in northwest Iowa has voted against having a public prayer before opening a board meeting.
The Sioux City Journal reports that the board addressed the resolution by board Chairman Matthew Ung at its meeting Tuesday. It would have had supervisors take turns in choosing whether to lead a public prayer or hold a moment of silence. The resolution said the rest of the supervisors could not overturn the decision by the one making the choice.
The board's current practice is to observe a moment of silence. The four supervisors who voted against allowing the public prayer all said they pray during the weekly moment of silence. But possible legal action over public prayers at public meetings was among the reasons raised against the resolution.


Clozure CL 1.6 RC1 (release candidate) binaries.
Merge makefile changes involving SVN_REVISION from trunk.
Don't need these directories here.
Change externals to point into this branch instead of the trunk.
Add RC1 to version string.
Merge trunk changes through r14382.
Merge trunk changes r14361 through r14380.
Added a new example that shows the use of a NSProgressIndicator.
fixed: Should be fixed in r14377.
fixed: Looks good to me. Thanks!
Create release branch for 1.6.
New functions DELETE-EMPTY-DIRECTORY and DELETE-DIRECTORY.
Acode optimization for logior/logxor/logand in PPC backend, too.
Use new stuff for logior/logxor/logand in ARM backend.
Define SVN_REVISION in Linux and Darwin makefiles (x86, x86-64).
%ILOGNOT, ASH backend stuff for ARM.


text:
Q: Quickly define TS type from JS object with named properties Here is some JS code:
class Family {
    makePerson(n: string, a: number) {
        return {   // Want to define TS type here.
            name: n,
            age: a
        };
    }

    printPerson(p) { // Want to annotate "p" as type defined inside makePerson.
        console.log("name=" + p.name);
        console.log("address=" + p.address); // TS should warn here
    }
}

function main() {
    let f = new Family();
    let p = f.makePerson("Bart", 11);
    f.printPerson(p);
}

How can I use TypeScript to quickly define a type in function makePerson, so I get a useful warning in function printPerson.
By "quickly" I mean without having to re-specify the property names "name" and "age" that are already implicitly part of the JS object.  For example, some syntax like the following would be ideal:
// Suggested (not real) TypeScript system to define types from JS objects with properties.
makePerson(n: string, a: number) :Person { // I want TS to define "Person" type by examining function body.
    return {   // Want to define TS type here.
        name: n,
        age: a
    };
}

A: Thanks to kaya3 for telling me about ReturnType, I see the following method of using a static function in ReturnType works.  For example...
type Person = ReturnType<typeof Family.makePersonS>

class Family {
    makePerson(n: string, a: number): Person {
        return Family.makePersonS(n, a);
    }

    static makePersonS(n: string, a: number) {
        return {
            name: n,
            age: a
        };
    }

    printPerson(p: Person) {
        console.log("name=" + p.name);
        console.log("address=" + p.address); // TS warns here, as we wanted
    }
}

function main() {
    let f = new Family();
    let p = f.makePerson("Bart", 11);
    f.printPerson(p);
}


text:
""" We define here the functions we need to test the performance of our service.
    We interact with the server via its RESTful API by using requests module """

from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import division

import json
import requests
import uuid

def read_data(filename):
    """ Open and read information from the testfile with the given name

    Args:
        filename (string): the name of the test file we want to read

    Returns:
        (list[string], list[string]) whcih represent the keys which should be
        placed in the service while the second list represent the test queries
        we should execute in order to evaluate the performance of the service.
    """
    with open(filename) as test_file:
        content = [line.strip() for line in test_file.readlines()]
    nr_keys = int(content[0])
    keys = content[1: 1 + nr_keys]
    queries = [query.split('\t')
               for query in content[2 + nr_keys:]]
    return keys, queries

def chunks(list_object, size):
    """ Yield successive n-sized chunks from l.

        Args:
            list_object (list): list to be sharded
            size (int): maximum number of items in a shard

        Yields:
            list: lists from list_object with the maximum specified file until
                  the inital list has been consumed."""
    for index in range(0, len(list_object), size):
        yield list_object[index:index + size]

def create_store(test_session, store_name):
    """ We create a database only for benchmarking the service """
    test_session.post('http://localhost:8080/fuzzy',
                      {
                          'store': store_name,
                      })

def delete_store(test_session, store_name):
    """ We delete the database we previously created for benchmarking """
    test_session.delete('http://localhost:8080/fuzzy',
                        params={
                            'store': store_name
                        })

def upload_keys(test_session, store_name, keys, stats):
    """ We upload the initial keys to the database

    Args:
        test_session (session): the session we use to interact with the service
        keys (list): the keys which we should upload
        store_name (string): the name of the store we want to interact with
        stats (dict): a dictionary where we collect statistics about testing """

    url = 'http://localhost:8080/fuzzy/batch'
    req_params = {
        'store': store_name,
    }
    batch_size = 100000

    time = 0
    for shard in chunks(keys, batch_size):
        dic = {}
        for key in shard:
            dic[key] = "test"
        req_params["dictionary"] = json.dumps(dic)

        res = test_session.put(url, req_params)
        time += (res.elapsed.seconds * 1000000) + res.elapsed.microseconds

        if res.status_code != 200:
            break

    stats['batch_time'] = round((time / (len(keys) / batch_size)) / 1000)
    stats['batch_total'] = round(time / 1000)
    stats['batch_size'] = batch_size
    stats['time'] += time

def test_service(size, distance, results):
    """ We evaluate the performance of the service for a specific number of
        keys in the service, while querying with a user-defined maximum distance
        and number of results.

        Args:
            size (int): the size of the testfile dataset. File should be
                        generated before by using the script provided in test
                        folder.
            distance (int): the distance until where we span our searches
            results (int): maximum number of results which the query will return

        Returns:
            string: it represents the json encoding of some stats
    """
    # We generate a random id for the test store in order to avoid conflicts
    store_name = uuid.uuid4()

    # We read data from the test file
    keys, queries = read_data(
        "data/testset_{0}.dat".format(size))

    # We will hold the stats in this dictionary
    stats = {
        'time': 0,
        'keys': len(keys),
        'queries': len(queries),
        'distance': distance,
        'results': results,
    }
    # We create a session and create a new test database with that session
    test_session = requests.Session()
    create_store(test_session, store_name)

    # We upload the keys to the service
    upload_keys(test_session, store_name, keys, stats)

    # Execute queries and benchmark service

    res = test_session.get('http://localhost:8080/fuzzy/batch',
                           params={
                               'store': store_name,
                               'distance': distance,
                               'results': results,
                               'keys': json.dumps(
                                   [query[1] for query in queries])
                           })
    response_time = (res.elapsed.microseconds / 1000) + \
        (res.elapsed.seconds * 1000)
    stats['time'] += response_time

    accuracy = 0
    for correct, response in zip([query[0] for query in queries],
                                 json.loads(res.text)):
        try:
            index = response.index(correct)
            accuracy += (len(response) - index) / len(response)
        except ValueError:
            pass

    stats['accuracy'] = round((accuracy * 100) / len(queries), 2)
    stats['time'] = round(stats['time'])
    stats['throughput'] = round((1000 / (response_time)) * len(queries))

    delete_store(test_session, store_name)

    return json.dumps(stats)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


In-game rewards designed to get players out of the house.
Meeting new friends through the world of massively multiplayer games is all well and good, but Sony seems to think MMO players need a little bit of help interacting with each other in the real world. They're so concerned about it, in fact, that they've patented a method for "coordinating real-world gatherings to promote online community."
The patent, filed back in 2010 and approved last week, posits that "anonymity and the lack of real-world connection" makes it hard to forge deep, meaningful connections with strangers met online. To that end, it outlines a method for providing in-game rewards and incentives to players that manage to disconnect from the computer long enough to attend local meet-ups with other players. You won't even have to worry about awkwardly identifying these strangers by their real names, thanks to a handy mobile device that "promotes familiarity" by sharing each attendee's online handle.
It seems like a pretty obvious idea to us, and we wouldn't be surprised if there is some sort of prior art that makes the concept unpatentable. Still, it's a decent bit of evidence that Sony is looking into some innovative ways of expanding its online communities out from the purely virtual world.


text:
'The last frontier': Arctic drilling ban big blow to Northern Indigenous communities, premier says
The Beaufort Delta region is struggling economically and importing fuel for heating and transportation despite sitting on huge resources, the NWT Premier says
"Full reconciliation can't just be about political and legal authority, it also has to be about economic power," says NWT Premier Bob McLeod.Perry Mah/Postmedia
Claudia Cattaneo
Reconciliation with Indigenous people shows up in many aspects of the federal political agenda. So why is it falling so short on economic reconciliation? Indeed, it seems the federal government's approach to reconciliation is about giving with one hand and taking from the other.
Bob McLeod, the Metis premier of the Northwest Territories, re-enforced the point last week, joining a growing chorus of Indigenous leaders complaining the federal government is undermining their ability to make a living by going too far on environmental protection based on rigid models designed by the green lobby.
"Full reconciliation can't just be about political and legal authority, it also has to be about economic power," McLeod said in a speech to the Vancouver Board of Trade. "It is one thing to have the right to make decisions for yourselves, but if you have to depend on another government to fund their implementation, you have only achieved partial self-determination."
McLeod was outraged by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's imposition without consultation of a ban on drilling in the Arctic in late 2016, alongside then United States President Barack Obama. Trudeau also announced a ban on oil tankers on Canada's northern West Coast and made it more difficult for liquefied natural gas and pipelines to go ahead. All were big wins for the green lobby. The measures put the brakes on development in big parts of northern Canada, where many Indigenous people live and where resource extraction is pretty much the only game in town.
Since then Donald Trump has re-opened the door to Arctic drilling on the U.S. side, and U.S. oil production and exports are booming, making Canada's continuing restraint look naïve.
In an interview, McLeod said the drilling ban has been a big blow for his region's economy and for the future prospects of Northern Indigenous communities.
"People expected we would be the last frontier," he said. "We had all this significant oil and gas resources, especially in the offshore, and for over a year now we haven't had a single molecule of oil and gas being produced in the NWT."
The Beaufort Delta region is struggling economically and importing fuel for heating and transportation despite sitting on huge resources, he said.
People expected we would be the last frontier
Rob McLeod, NWT Premier
Companies that made $2.6 billion in offshore work commitments pulled out and the federal government is now asking them what it would take to give up their leases for good. Another big hope for economic development, the Mackenzie Gas Project, was finally put on ice last December, after a drawn-out environmental assessment process made it uneconomic versus new sources of natural gas from shale.
McLeod said the drilling ban negates important benefits of the NWT's devolution agreement from the federal government, which gave it province-like powers in 2014. The agreement involves co-management of the offshore and resource revenue sharing.
The ban also raises questions about the value of Indigenous land claim settlements if governments then discourage resource development on those lands, he said.
"Obviously one of the challenges we have to face now is: How can we develop?" he asked.
McLeod has called for a national discussion on developing the north through clear priorities and solid investments.
So far, though, there has been no progress. The absence of an alternative economic plan mirrors the experiences of Indigenous communities in other areas, notably northern British Columbia, that are being left empty handed following project failures while environmentalists move to new campaigns.
"When you look at the issues facing First Nations in Canada there is no real solution other than development that provides people jobs," said Ellis Ross, a former Haisla nation chief who became a member of B.C. legislature to promote the start up of a liquefied natural gas sector in B.C. "There is an anti-resource development sweeping across Canada, and I think that that sentiment actually originates from the U.S. and other countries from around the world."
MGM Energy's East Mackay staging area, northwest of the Hamlet of Tulita, on the Mackenzie River, NWT. in the winter of 2012/13. All the oil and gas companies have packed up and left the region. Handout/ MGM Energy Corp.
Ellis met with McLeod and other Indigenous leaders from the NWT in Vancouver to compare experiences and discuss strategies.
The NWT is a great example of how reconciliation should work, McLeod said in his speech.
Indigenous people, who account for about half the population, are full participants in decision making and major owners of land and resources, not just stakeholders to be consulted and then forgotten, he said.
Half the members of the legislature are Indigenous, most past premiers were Indigenous – Nellie Cournoyea was Canada's first Indigenous female premier – and are big participants in business.
Resource development is the engine of the Northwest Territories economy. In 2016, it accounted for $938 million of territorial GDP, making it the single biggest sector of the economy, followed by government administration at $593 million.
The southern part of the NWT is benefitting from diamond mining. Three mines are in operation. The sector created more than 26,000 person-years of employment between 1996 and 2006, and half of those jobs went to Indigenous people, McLeod said. During the same period, diamond mines spent more than $13 billion on northern businesses, including $5.6 billion on businesses owned by Indigenous people.
There were huge expectations for oil and gas production, too. Challenges in the past were in no small part due to disputes over Indigenous land claims. But with Indigenous leaders now ready to make those lands work, federally imposed bans impacting resource development belong in the past.
• Email: ccattaneo@nationalpost.com | Twitter: cattaneooutwest
One of last Trans Mountain challenges struck down as court rules pipeline in national interest
Clause in U.S.–China trade deal offers big opportunity for the oilsands
WatchIndigenous group says it will 'remain peaceful' in blocking access to Coastal GasLink worksite
WatchTrans Mountain's make-or-break moment at hand with Supreme Court to hear B.C. case attempting to halt expansion
Group cleaning up abandoned oil wells says Alberta government rules are inadequate
Cold blast sweeping across Western Canada means lower prices for oilsands producers
'Very good news for Canada': Work to resume on long-delayed Keystone XL pipeline
RCMP limits access to protest camps, meets with chiefs opposed to $6.6-billion Coastal GasLink
Husky Energy's spiral continues as analysts downgrade stock
WatchEncana gets shareholders' approval to move headquarters to United States
Coastal GasLink pipeline will be built despite protests, B.C.'s Horgan says


text:
Q: I can't do "killall deluged" I've been following this guide to setup a deluged service and client so I can download media files directly unto my server's drive. I'm trying to be thorough there since this is my first time trying to setup a server and I hit a wall when I try to run:
$ deluged
$ killall deluged

I get the error [ERROR   ] 14:53:39 rpcserver:378 Couldn't listen on localhost:58846: [Errno 98] Address already in use. and
deluged(8862): Operation not permitted
deluged: no process found

So I get that deluged is already running and can't start again, but why can't I kill the process?
Running sudo systemctl status deluged says the service is running. I am a bit confused now, do I have to have my process closed to create the default config. I am using Ubuntu 16.04.9.