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I've returned from the great adventure I call "LP-SPAN" and here are my thoughts on the technical side of the issue. It is my hope that we can take this and build on it to make the next round of LNC insanity even better in terms of the broadcast quality. All suggestions are definitely appreciated. This is most definitely a work in progress.
I was using a Microsoft LifeCam either attached to a clip on the top of my laptop or on its independent pole. The camera allows pan and zoom IF you use the Microsoft software. However, the Justin.tv feed doesn't allow that. No idea if Ustream does. I also had trouble with lighting issues in the room, especially the projector screen glare.
I'd recommend not having the camera attached to the laptop or at least set up in a way that it doesn't shake. That and having a good setup so the laptop is the proper height to the user.
I'd also recommend a good omnidirectional microphone set up where everything can be caught well. The mic built into the webcam also caught my comments and occasional whispers, and a lot of extra noise. At SD the board table was in a cube with an open center, and the mic in there would have been best. I didn't have that and it would have been a big help.
I made sure that I understood how it all tied together and I did some test runs at home to make sure. That made a big difference come show time. However, the differences between my den and the meeting room were vast. I'd recommend testing in the meeting room if at all possible, because of the acoustics and lighting.
I tried the Justin.tv feed with the laptop's webcam, then the external one recording, then with outside people and trying to embed.
Embedding the live feed was also a challenge. I had Todd Barnett on the phone helping to troubleshoot on his end. It helps to have someone on the receiving end to evaluate the reception. Ditto during the meeting. The justin.tv feed had a chat room built into each feed window, and that made getting the feedback easy, which came in handy when the connection got bad. Justin.tv does NOT work with WordPress well, unless Todd and I just missed something, which is certainly possible. I got it to embed at blogger/blogspot just fine. Other embedding notes are appreciated.
We also encountered a horrible screeching when we were testing, until we figured out that it was caused by the laptop speakers output being picked up by the webcam mic and creating a nasty feedback loop. The solution was to mute the speakers. Wear headphones when adjusting the microphone volume.
First, I was on the hotel's wireless connection, which at times was very slow. The more people that were logged into the network, the slower it got. If you can, use a wired connection to ensure the connection rate stays consistent.
Second, it is extremely important to have someone on the other end provide feedback on the reception. On my end, the display on the popout window was far different than the one in the main window. Here the chat box was invaluable, and I was lucky to have multiple people giving me feedback.
Third, Justin.tv gave me the option to record as we broadcast. Do it. It saves off the pieces online for later download. I'd suggest stopping and restarting the recording at various spots to break it up into manageable segments instead of one long one. I always made sure to check the bandwidth between recordings because of the wireless, but I don't think that may be necessary on a wired connection.
It's a great tool to do this live. Yes, the 140 character limit can be an issue at times. I'd recommend two tweets, both in the gallery rather than on the board, who should focus on what is going on anyway. Plus, it removes any issue about "decorum" or "executive session", but the tweets should be as neutral as possible. The advantage of two is that one can pick up what the other missed, which is an area I had trouble with at times. I'd also suggest that if you can't get on a wired connection, then see if the tweet can be done on a Blackberry. The wireless connection problems that plagued the feed connection also slowed down the tweets. It may be advisable to have whomever is tweeting be different from the camera operations.
All in all, my rig was a little crude, but it was something. I don't see this as too difficult, just taking a little getting used to. If you test beforehand and practice, it goes better.
OK, so this is a bit off-topic, but since Paulie graced me with the ability to post here, I figured I might as well use it to promote something good. And it is good, and free, and once complete, will benefit our movement. So perhaps it's not that off-topic after all.
Anyway, George Donnelly and I have started a project to create a set of web-based tools for pro-liberty organizations, with a specific focus on LP state and local affiliates. It should also be easily portable to the needs of organizations such as pro-liberty PACs, other pro-liberty parties, etc. This will be based on some existing open source software projects, tie them together neatly (single sign-on via a unified authentication backend and use of the same AAA cookies), create a single frontend for installation and management, and add some additional tools targetted at our specific audience.
I've heard a number of genuine, dyed-in-the-wool Libertarians lately talking about *not* voting for the party's presidential candidate, Bob Barr. There are a lot of folks who just don't think he was a good choice and I can understand that. That said, it's important to consider all of the facts before making a decision like this one. In this case, one important fact is that the number of votes for a presidential candidate impacts the number of delegates that one's state gets to the LP national conventions. This means that states with more people who support, and hence vote for, Barr are likely to get more national convention delegates than states with Libertarians who will refuse to vote for Barr on principle. Think about it! Personally, I want the most principled individuals serving as delegates to the LP national conventions. Of course, this advice is only what it is. I'm not necessarily urging anyone to take any specific course of action. What I am doing is urging everyone to consider all of the facts in this, as in any situation, prior to making a final decision.
I'll be back later to read comments. For now, I'm off to go vote for Bob Barr.
We Libertarians need to know how many candidates we're fielding for office. Which states are fielding full slates? no slates? Who are the candidates, what do they look like, what is their history, what are their positions and motivations?
This is all very basic but, before Libertarian Party Candidates (LPC), you could not find all this information in one place.
It's important to see how well (or poorly) we Libertarians are doing at challenging the Republicrat duopoly at the ballot box. Hopefully LPC will serve as a measuring stick and as an incentive to run more and better candidates in 2010, 2012 and beyond.
When Paulie pointed out in July of 2008 that LP.org doesn't list all the Libertarian Party candidates running for office, it piqued my interest. How can we expect people to support and vote for Libertarian candidates if they don't even know who they are – or even that they exist?
So, after chatting with Paulie, I decided that Libertarians might like a website where they can find all LP candidates in one convenient place.
Thanks to Paulie, the state parties and others that have collected the raw information presented here. All I did was design the site and enter the data.
The site was built in a hurry during my spare time in the last couple weeks of July 2008, but I plan to significantly improve it for 2010 and beyond. Your sugestions and comments will help make that a reality.
Please feel free to contact me, George Donnelly, at me@georgedonnelly.com with any suggestions, ideas, complaints or whatever. I'm open to developing the project in new directions. I'm also interested in other strategies to advance the cause of liberty.
Libertarian voters make up 4% of the nation's likely voters and they favor Barack Obama over John McCain by a 53% to 38% margin. Three percent (3%) would vote for some other candidate and 5% are not sure. These results, from an analysis of 15,000 Likely Voter interviews conducted by Rasmussen Reports, challenges the conventional wisdom which assumes that strong support for a Libertarian candidate would hurt John McCain.
In June, Rasmussen Reports asked 15,000 Likely Voters if they were fiscally conservative, moderate, or liberal and if they were socially conservative, moderate, or liberal. This created a total of 16 possible combinations (not sure was a fourth option for both questions). However, 87% of voters fit into one of seven combinations. Libertarians, defined as fiscally conservative and socially liberal, are the smallest of these seven combinations.


Wait a minute, don't we have more than one expert saying recriticality is "impossible" because it needs so many factors to be just right for it to happen?
Well at least the hydrazine and boric acid will help lower the corrosion... yipee!
There will be no end to this mess. Japan must bear the unbearable, and do the impossible.
To put this in layman terms: Japan, and the world is so screwed.
Japan has a very bright future.
May what ever force that brought us to excistence forgive us all for our arrogance, apathy and ignorance that has allowed for the poisoning and destruction to every life we confront in every possible way. So we harness the collective karma of this psycopathic race, the irreversible set in motion, another big bang looms in our midts. The insane children in the garden discovered the power of the sun and once ignited could not be extinguished. Break out your surf board kids, here comes the nuclear wave.
I live in Western Colorado, the rain here is radioactive. I am an organic gardener and have decided not to grow radioactive vegetables. The tap water is radioactive and the water company is not testing for radiation choosing to rely on the state of Colorado who rely on the Fed. Gov. who deem whatever level of radiation detected is safe for human consumption. The tap water is so radioactive that it burns the skin while bathing. I want to thank TEPCO for killing me, my wife and kids and everyone I love.
Where are GE and Westinghouse in all this? Have they gone down into the tax payer funded underground cities yet? Look for it. They designed and OKd the sites and operations of these as the final authority concerning construction.


I think everyone and their dog has Muji storage, I love the fact they are clear as they go with every interior design and it's easy to see which products are where! Being insanely OCD I love organising my makeup, so this would be perfect gift for me! I feel like my makeup would be easier to get to as I wouldn't have to go through all the draws on my dresser!
I posted my review of the Soft and Gentle MSF the other day which you can read here. I now want them all! I think Lightscapade looks absolutely beautiful and I would really love it!
My friend has been telling me about this for ages! There is a more expensive one that measures your sleep as well and tells you the best time that you should sleep! Although, this one is quite a bit cheaper and you can still measure the calories you have burnt throughout the day!
I already have a pair of Leigh jeans and they are my favourites! However I got them a while ago and have since gone down a clothing size so they are a tad on the roomy side! I think Topshop do the best jeans and would recommend them to absolutely anyone!
I have been having a lot of trouble with my skin lately and have heard amazing things about this spot solution, Origins have such a great reputation and I cannot wait to try this!
I always ask for perfume for Christmas and my birthday! I put this on my wishlist in July and cannot wait until I can finally try it!
Since I read Kayleigh's blog post about Sketch and Cranberry eyeshadow I have wanted to try the combo! I have had Cranberry for a while and absolutely love it so would love to try it with some other shades!
I think bows are my favourite thing to wear it my hair! I think these are great value for money as I have seen these be sold for a lot more! There is a great colour range to choose from!
I have mac lightscapade and it is absolutely gorgeous! Was looking on the 'goodbye' section on the uk mac site though and lightscapade was on it, so be quick ;) think some organisation things are going on my list too now!
Stella is my go to everyday scent!
MAC Sketch is my favorite eyeshadow of all time, it's gorgeous on green eyes!
I love the Muji storage boxes! I've had my eye on them for a while now I'm just debating if I'd have room haha. Topshop Leigh jeans are my fave too, they're so comfy!
Really love your blog too :)) followed!


text:
package com.struts2Tiles.tutorial.actions;

import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ParentPackage;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;

@ParentPackage(value = "tutorial")
public class SettingsAction {
	@Action(value = "/settingsaction", results = {
			@Result(location = "settings", name = "success",type="tiles"),
			@Result(location = "login.jsp", name = "test")
	})
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		return "success";
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
CREATE FUNCTION [Tzdb].[ConvertZone]
(
    @dt datetime2,
    @source_tz varchar(50),
    @dest_tz varchar(50),
    @SkipOnSpringForwardGap bit = 1,
    @FirstOnFallBackOverlap bit = 1
)
RETURNS datetimeoffset
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @utc datetimeoffset
    SET @utc = [Tzdb].[LocalToUtc](@dt, @source_tz, @SkipOnSpringForwardGap, @FirstOnFallBackOverlap)
    RETURN [Tzdb].[UtcToLocal](@utc, @dest_tz)
END


text:
<?php

namespace Cocorico\CoreBundle\Form\DataTransformer;

use Cocorico\CoreBundle\Entity\Listing;
use Cocorico\CoreBundle\Entity\ListingCategory;
use Cocorico\CoreBundle\Entity\ListingListingCategory;
use Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection;
use Symfony\Component\Form\DataTransformerInterface;

class ListingListingCategoriesToListingCategoriesTransformer implements DataTransformerInterface
{

    /**
     * @var Listing $listing
     */
    private $listing;

    /**
     * @param Listing $listing
     */
    public function __construct(Listing $listing)
    {
        $this->listing = $listing;
    }

    /**
     * Used to convert data from the model to the normalized format.
     *
     * @param  ListingListingCategory[] $listingListingCategories
     * @return array
     */
    public function transform($listingListingCategories)
    {
        if (!is_null($listingListingCategories)) {
            $results = [];

            foreach ($listingListingCategories as $listingListingCategory) {
                $results[] = $listingListingCategory->getCategory();
            }

            return $results;
        }

        return $listingListingCategories;
    }

    /**
     * Used to convert from the normalized to the model format
     *
     * @param  ListingCategory[] $listingCategories
     * @return mixed|null|object
     */
    public function reverseTransform($listingCategories)
    {
        $newListingListingCategories = array();
        $listingListingCategories = $this->listing->getListingListingCategories();

        foreach ($listingCategories as $listingCategory) {
            $listingListingCategory = new ListingListingCategory();
            $listingListingCategory->setCategory($listingCategory);
            $listingListingCategory->setListing($this->listing);
            $newListingListingCategories[] = $listingListingCategory;
        }

        //Check if listing has already one of the listingCategories setted above.
        //If yes the new listingCategories is replaced by the existing one
        /** @var ListingListingCategory $newListingListingCategory */
        foreach ($newListingListingCategories as $i => $newListingListingCategory) {
            $listingListingCategory = $this->exists($newListingListingCategory, $listingListingCategories);
            if ($listingListingCategory) {
                //The new listingCategory is replaced by the existing one
                $newListingListingCategories[$i] = $listingListingCategory;
            }
        }

        //Check if some categories has been removed
        foreach ($listingListingCategories as $i => $listingListingCategory) {
            $categoryExists = $this->exists($listingListingCategory, new ArrayCollection($newListingListingCategories));
            if (!$categoryExists) {
                //Remove all related fields values
                if ($listingListingCategory->getValues()) {
                    foreach ($listingListingCategory->getValues() as $value) {
                        $value->getListingCategoryListingCategoryField()->removeValue($value);
                        $value->getListingListingCategory()->removeValue($value);
                    }
                }
                $this->listing->removeListingListingCategory($listingListingCategory);
            }
        }

        return $newListingListingCategories;
    }

    /**
     * Check if category exist in collection
     *
     * @param ListingListingCategory[]|ArrayCollection $listingListingCategories
     * @param ListingListingCategory                   $listingListingCategory
     * @return ListingListingCategory|false
     */
    private function exists($listingListingCategory, $listingListingCategories)
    {
        /** @var  ArrayCollection $results */
        $results = $listingListingCategories->filter(
            function (ListingListingCategory $element) use ($listingListingCategory) {
                return $element->getCategory() === $listingListingCategory->getCategory();
            }
        );

        if ($results->count()) {
            return $results->first();
        }

        return false;
    }

}


As a property manager you need to have access to San Diego Appliance Repair. We will provide you with reliable and reasonably priced appliance repair service right when you need it.
Managing a property means you already have several different responsibilities you need to juggle. Contrary to what your tenants might believe, it's simply not feasible for you to drop everything and rush over to their place each time one of the appliances fails to work properly. And, even if you did have the time, the odds of you being able to do an accurate repair that would last for a long time will be slim. You need a reliable appliance repair service that not only offers top quality repairs, but also provides reasonable San Diego Appliance repair prices, and who makes sure their professional repair technicians show up on time and happen to be willing to make repairs any day of the week. You need us!
In addition to having a great deal of hands on experience, every single San Diego appliance repair technician who handles property management needs, has also received manufacture training, and we make sure they work with top quality replacement parts. Our policy has always been to make repairs that will restore your tenant's appliances to their original capabilities. We don't perform cheap, ineffectual repairs.
The concern and respect only a family owned appliance repair company with deep roots in the San Diego community can provide.
The day you call, will be the day out technician will knock on you tenants door. We send a qualified repair technician out right away. We don't dawdle or make excuses.
We provide you with free and accurate estimates, making it easy for you to decide between a repair job and replacing the entire appliance.
Every single appliance repair technician you work with will be licensed, have been fully trained, and will be insured.
When working with us, you never have to worry about any hidden costs. We're very up front about our pricing.
When we provide you with an estimate, we WILL honor it.
We won't be satisfied until you and your tenants are.
It doesn't matter if you manage large sprawling properties with lots and lots of tenants, or if you only have a few modest apartments to manage, we will be able to handle all of your appliance repair needs. We've yet to encounter an appliance problem too large, or too small for us.
Give us a call for more information about our appliance repair services, and don't forget to ask about property management discounts.


text:
Publicis Groupe merges Razorfish, SapientNitro
Publicis.Sapient, an arm of ad giant Publicis Groupe, announced the consolidation of Razorfish and SapientNitro into a single entity called SapientRazorfish in a press release Thursday. Current SapientNitro CEO Alan Wexler will head the new group, while Razorfish chief executive Shannon Denton will become its chief strategy officer.
The combination of the two firms comes "in response to client needs for digital expertise at scale." The dual objectives of SapientRazorish are "change and speed" in a rapidly evolving digital landscape. Digital currently represents 54% of Publicis's overall revenue, per the release, and the group's goal is for that number to hit 60% by 2018.
While leadership changes are already in effect, the newly reconfigured Publicis.Sapient won't fully begin operations until January 2 of next year.
Long-standing agency struggles to adapt to a digital-first world came to a head in 2016, as a variety of major brands continue to reshuffle or entirely drop agencies in favor of in-house operations: Pepsi took social media and digital marketing responsibilities away from The Barbarian Group after putting the agency under review in September; Sprint recently ditched Deutsch for Droga5, with the intention of the latter working closely with its own creative studio.
SapientRazorfish's foundational focus on digital expertise shows Publicis trying to adjust for the trend away from agencies heading into 2017. The move also comes as part of the ad giant's overarching "Power of One" strategy, which views consolidation as a benefit to the client in making operations simpler and more efficient. As digital disruption has made its mark on marketing, a number of specialized shops have sprung up, leading to a fragmented landscape. Now that digital is a significant portion of spend for many marketers, more moves like Publicis's could be coming.
A client-first approach is becoming increasingly essential for agencies, who've come under fire not only for a failure to account for an ever-more fragmented digital landscape but also for a variety of transparency issues that were uncovered at the behest of the Association of National Advertisers (ANA) over the summer. While some marketers are pivoting away from agencies entirely, others are urging for fence-mending to preserve the health of the industry as a whole.
In October, Proctor & Gamble's Chief Brand Officer Marc Pritchard insisted that the "negative narrative" and pressure surrounding agencies need to stop if brands hope to forge a path toward better digital content in the future.
PR Newswire SapientNitro and Razorfish merge to form SapientRazorfish, establishes unmatched leader against emerging customer experience, digital first imperative
Adweek Publicis Groupe merges global digital networks Sapient and Razorfish

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Minden's Holiday Weekend is 6 p.m. Dec. 2 at Minden Park.
Children will be entered for a chance to help Santa light the Minden Park gazebo Dec. 2 during Minden's Holiday Weekend by donating a canned good.
During the event, food donations will be accepted for the annual Share Your Holiday food drive Dec. 9. When a child donates a can on Friday they receive a goodie bag.
"The lucky kid who receives the goodie bag with the golden ticket gets to help Santa light the Gazebo," said Rachel Hamer, senior secretary of the Town of Minden.
All donations and proceeds from the event are donated to the Carson Valley Food Closet.
"Everything stays in the community," said Hamer. "We are working with the Town of Gardnerville and Douglas Disposal to collect as much as possible for the drive. Every amount helps."
Most needed items for the food drive include cooking oil, condiments such as mayonnaise, ketchup, barbeque sauce, etc., flour and sugar, herbs and spices, shelf stable liquid milk-dairy and nondairy variety, noodles, coffee, canned fruits and vegetables, and bisquick and baking mixes. Th food closet cannot accept any open items, missing labels or items dated more than 18 days pass the expiration date.
Friday night is the time when the community comes together and enjoys each other's company and the season, Hamer said.
"It's when everyone comes together," she said. "It's a small town get together."
The get together will include fire pits with S'mores and cookies provided by the Carson Valley Inn and live entertainment by the Douglas High School Jazz Band and All About Dance performers.
Festivities start at 4:30 p.m. with the lighting of the gazebo at 6 p.m.
Children can visit with Santa after the lighting on Esmeralda Avenue. Hamer said a tent will be set up for him and vendors will be providing food, drinks and other purchasable items.
"The events are part of a Valley wide Christmas tradition," said Town Manager Jenifer Davidson. "It's what makes the community special and living in a small town great."
In the Carson Valley, the season begins with the Town of Gardnerville's Christmas Kickoff 4 p.m. Dec. 1 at Heritage Park. Information, 782-8027.
Genoa will host caroling on Friday night in the town church 5:30 p.m. Breakfast with Santa will be Saturday in the town hall.
On Saturday, the Weihnachts Market will be at the CVIC Hall from noon to 8 p.m.
The 21st Annual Parade of Lights, presented by the Carson Valley Chamber of Commerce, is 4:30 p.m. Dec. 3 along Highway 395 from Eddie Street to Minden Park. The theme is"Lucky to Live here." Information, 782-8144.


text:
Home 1 › Pre Orders & New Releases 2 › Black Crowes - Shake Your Money Maker (2021 reissue) PRE-ORDER 3
Black Crowes - Shake Your Money Maker (2021 reissue) PRE-ORDER
Out 26th February
shake your money maker, the classic debut album from the black crowes has received the super deluxe treatment for its 30th anniversary.
hours of audio from the original studio sessions and live shows have now been curated under by brothers chris and rich robinson and album producer george drakoulias. the new collection features 5 unreleased songs including the should have been a single studio track "charming mess" along with studio recording covers of humble pie's "30 days in the hole" and john lennon's "jealous guy". the set also includes 2 previously unreleased demos from when the band was originally called mr. crowe's garden and liner notes penned by david fricke. the original album has been newly remastered from the original tapes. also unearthed were the original multitrack tapes from the band's homecoming concert. recorded over two nights at atlanta, ga's center stage, the full concert is now available for the first time ever. previously, only the live version of "she talks to angels" was released from this show.
twice as hard
jealous again
sister luck
could i've been so blind
hard to handle
thick n' thin
she talks to angels
struttin' blues
stare it cold
mercy, sweet moan


Bits and Pieces: "Codebreaker" and "Ivory Tower"
I've seen two good documentaries lately, Codebreaker and Ivory Tower. Neither gets a straight A from me, but they're both worth watching.
Codebreaker is the story of Alan Turing, the founding father and patron saint of computer science. Turing died of suicide at age 41 in 1954.
The documentary does a good job contextualizing Turing's achievements and impressing on the viewer his intellectual daring and the massive significance of his work, without getting bogged down in the whole history of mathematical logic (for a light version of which, see Logicomix). It also sets in Cold War context the brutal treatment the unworldly Turing received at the hands of the authorities once his homosexuality was discovered (he was chemically castrated). The filmmaker was able to interview some people who knew Turing -- that number is of course rapidly declining. It's very well done.
The problems with the film are almost inevitable, given that it's a documentary and therefore tries to stick to the truth! (Unlike The Imitation Game, the Hollywood version of Turing's life that is in theaters next week.) There is just not a lot of material to work with -- no films or audio recordings of Turing, few still images, and virtually all of Turing's friends dead now. So a lot of the story is told through Turing's conversations with his psychiatrist. Of course the dialog is reconstructed, but the reconstruction is grounded in solid source material, letters and so on. (The film's creator, Patrick Sammon, answered questions after the showing at Harvard last night. Sammon, I was interested to learn, is past President of the Log Cabin Republicans.) And of course the budget was limited, so there are no fancy animations, though there are quite a few clips of contemporary video to set the general themes in their historical setting.
Also I want to again plug Ivory Tower (see my earlier blog post), the documentary about student debt that portrays Harvard so positively. CNN will air Ivory Tower Thursday night at 9pm, so you can watch it from the comfort of home!
But more important- did it Portray Harvard correctly?
Is the recent (how old is it?) policy of makign sure that people who get in can go working to (1) reduce Student Debt, and (2) diversify Haravard.
My guess would be YES (in caps) and no (in small letters). Hope the caps don't put this in the spam falter.
Yes, I liked Ivory Tower because it portrayed positively some things that really are good about Harvard: the diversification of the student body, the fact that financial aid is so generous that nobody need graduate with any debt, and nobody does graduate with any serious debt, and CS50, which really is a course with a lot of heart and a lot of staff support for students from varied backgrounds.


I visited Dahab for the first time in 2009 and I instantly fell in love with that laid back beach town. It has been two years since I last went there so this summer I really needed to pay the town an overdue visit. And so, on such a rush I decided to fly to Dahab and get myself acquainted with that PADI Open Water license I got a year ago and didn't use ever since!!
Dahab is literally full of diving centers but since I haven't dived in a year and still had doubts regarding the whole being-under-water-and-breathing-from-a-limited-capacity-tube experience, I wanted to be with a reputable center. I asked around and received lots of recommendations for Scuba Seekers. I sent them an email two days before my arrival to Dahab and on such a short notice they managed to arrange everything for me including my accommodation.
I went on that first dive and of course I struggled with buoyancy but one good thing was that I did well in that regulator exercise, after hesitating once or twice of course 😀 Mohab suggested I go for the Advanced Open Water course and that was something I didn't have in mind at all. I thought I would go on a few guided dives and maybe when I'm more confident I take it further with that course. He managed to convince me after all and that night I thought to myself, what did I do? I shouldn't have accepted! Frankly, I'm glad I did the advanced course because that was exactly what I needed to be more confident.
One of the underwater installments in the Lighthouse diving spot which is considered part of the under water museum in the area. It's made out of recycled materials and aims at giving coral reefs a chance to grown on it creating an artificial coral reef.
I went on two extra guided dives before I started the advanced course and kind of worked on my deficiencies doing so which was great. I joined another lady who signed up for the same course, Sara, and we worked on that license together along with our instructor Mohab.
After those two dives we went on an elective one which was the night dive! I have never swam at night before so I couldn't imagine how it will feel like being under water in the darkness! We had flash lights of course but my main concern was whether I will be able to see properly with my glasses off or not 😀 It was never a problem during day light even without me having a prescription mask but at night? I had to figure that one out!
Let me be honest here, I was a tad worried no kidding!! I was about to dive into darkness with the help of a finite source of light and a constrained eyesight on my side, damn!! So how did it go? IT WAS AWESOME!! Oh my God, I loved it! The aquatic life is entirely different at night, you can literally see fish and corals you won't see otherwise. I saw an octopus among other things that I don't know the names of yet, I really need to start learning about all of this! Diving and studying again, huh! What was super cool about that dive was witnessing those tiny bioluminescent planktons ❤ We shielded our flash lights away and started waving our hands then I was stunned by the number of those tiny particles glowing and glittering in the dark! Reflected against the light coming from the surface, it was such a mesmerizing view!
The following morning we had the last two remaining dives, the obligatory deep dive and the elective drift one. Having read the deep dive section of the manual already had me nervous with all the talk about nitrogen narcosis and decompression illness!! Mohab told us he will be testing us with basic mathematical addition exercises once we reach the bottom of 30 meters and we will be required to compare gauges and computers among one another and write the data down on a slate. That is quite necessary to see if one started to be affected by nitrogen or not.
Unlike the previous dives that were conducted in a spot called the Lighthouse, we had the deep dive in the canyons. It's called canyon because it's indeed an underwater canyon. We went down and suddenly all my worries disappeared and I was just enjoying the scenery. At a depth of 20-something we came to an opening that took us down into the canyon and when we reached the bottom, I found myself at a depth of 30 meters.
We had the last dive in the famous Blue Hole which is a very popular spot in Dahab for both diving and snorkeling. I always feared swimming in the deep blue sea where I can't see the bottom and since the blue hole is bottomless, I was of course a little troubled. But again, once I got down there, it was pure fun. All the "what ifs" evaporated and I just enjoyed the drift. I passed reefs that were gigantic in size, they were a feast for the eyes, one that I devoured completely if you know what I mean. We continued to drift ascending slowly and the hypnotic scene was accompanied by a cleaner fish nibbling my lips. I wouldn't have asked for a better closure.
That dive marked the end of the course. I was quite happy with myself for such an accomplishment because I was able to sense the improvement I acquired over the past few days. I'm grateful for Mohab as an instructor, he was very patient with me especially when I drove him nuts coming up with my own diving terminologies 😀 But seriously, he made me get rid of some of the fears I had and was keen on teaching us, Sara and I, some technicalities for our own knowledge. The course was such a great success, no regrets whatsoever for undertaking it and now I can't wait till I go diving again! And I'm sure this time it won't take me a whole year to get myself dipped. Thank you Mohab and Scuba Seekers for such a great diving experience.
My favorite breakfast spot has always been Ralph's German Bakery.
For dinner, I received excellent service along with delicious food at Shark. If you are into Indian food try Nirvana. I heard that Namaste is also great but I didn't have time to give it a shot unfortunately. I got two recommendations for Italian food from Nada and those will be Ramez & Paola and Eldorado, I tried neither!
For coffee and maybe some sweets, there are plenty of places but I liked Athanor A LOT.
Activities; you can swim, snorkel, go windsurfing, or dive of course. You can also rent a bike or go on a quad tour to the valleys, camp in Ras Abu Galum or the Blue Lagoon. The bustling Sharm El Sheikh is roughly an hour away and of course you can always go hiking in the nearby town of Saint Catherine.


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cupboards cost an awful lot of money and ought to never wind up in a landfill. For that reason, it's wiser to put money into cupboards which provide a very good answer to your garage area and are professionally intended for custom usage The only thing to bear in mind with glazed kitchen cupboards is it isn't a textbook practice.
Based on what kind of cupboards you have in your kitchen, select the hues If you are buying kitchen cabinets then you can receive the kitchen equipment at a lower price. Kitchen cupboards are a rather important feature in the kitchen. RTA kitchen cupboards are also rather popular with owners due to the simple fact that they may be concord to your doorstep in the shortest possible moment.


Habit: Shrub 3--10 dm, (3)5--15 dm diam, tomentose. Leaf: blades 0.8--1.2 cm, 0.25--0.5(0.9) cm wide. Inflorescence: branched; involucres 0.7--2.5 mm. Flower: 1--4 mm; perianth white to pink or rose. Fruit: 1--3 mm.
Citation for this treatment: James L. Reveal & Thomas J. Rosatti 2012, Eriogonum wrightii var. nodosum, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=58797, accessed on April 23, 2019.
e PR, s DMoj, w DSon; Markers link to CCH specimen records. Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues. Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.


text:
HERE TO PROMOTE CUBAN RECIPROCITY. ~ CUBAN MINISTER IS TOURING WESTERN STATES.
HERE TO PROMOTE
CUBAN RECIPROCITY.
CUBAN MINISTER IS TOURING
WESTERN STATES.
Only a matter of Freight Rates and
Facilities, He Says, Prevents
Cheaper Fruit and
Tobacco.
In the interest of Cuba, and to promote Cuban reciprocity sentiment in the West, General Carlos Garcia Velez, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to the United States from Cuba, will make an extensive tour of the Western states, visiting all of the larger cities and the various chambers of commerce.
General Garcia said yesterday at the Hotel Baltimore that his principal object was to get in touch with the merchants and manufacturers of the West, and to interest them in Cuba and her possibilities, and by increasing business, to strengthen the already friendly relations between Cuba and this country.
"We want better freight conditions and facilities," said he. "It is our belief that we can reach the Western states with as great facilities as we now enjoy in the East, that it will be for the mutual benefit of both countries. For instance, we raise one of the largest crops of pineapples of any country in the world. Our pineapples are ready for the market at times when other producers cannot get them to ship. If we could get the rates there is no reason in the world why Cuban pineapples could not sell in Western markets for as low a price as 3 cents a piece.
REDUCING COSTS.
"Then there are our tobacco and cigars. I had trouble today in finding some of the best grades of our cigars in Kansas City. In New York it is easy to find them
"Statistics show that in the United States there is used annually 1,600,000 tons of sugar. I do not know that there is a refinery in this section of the country. But there is need of one. Cuba will produce 1,400,000 tons of cane sugar this year. We need but a small portion of this amount for our own consumption. Sugar in the United States could be sold cheaper if we had the transportation facilities necessary in the west. It is the same with other products of our country.
"Most of our products are marketable when the season is over. We could ship new potatoes when there was not a new potato to be found in the United States, unless in the extreme southwest. Bananas are plentiful with us when they are scarce and dear in this country.
General Garcia is the eldest son of General Calixto Garcia, to whom was written the famous "message." He was his father's chief of staff, has been a minister to Mexico and since his graduation from an American college has been attached to the consular and diplomatic service of his country.
His brother is Justo Garcia Velez, is the present secretary of state of Cuba. The general will remain in Kansas City several days.
Labels: cigars, food, Hotel Baltimore, tobacco, visitors


VII.2.8 Pompeii. Stairs to dwelling on upper floor.
Excavated 1843 and 1867. (Strada Stabiana 29).
VII.2.8 Pompeii. May 2005. Stairs to dwelling on upper floor.
VII.2.8 Pompeii. March 2009. Entrance and south wall.
VII.2.8 Pompeii. March 2009. Looking west.
VII.2.8 Pompeii. March 2009. Line of stairs on south wall.
According to Fiorelli, the latrine of the shop next door at number 9, was at the rear and underneath these steps.
VII.2.8 Pompeii. March 2009. Site of latrine, at west end or rear of the steps.


It fits prefect and is super comfy! I love it!
Nicole Javitt said: So Cute!
This shirt is so cute and so comfortable! I got SO many compliments when I wore it to a fall festival. The material is one of the most comfortable that I've found in a maternity shirt. I wish you sold plain t-shirts too! I would buy one in every color. I'm 5'6 and at the end of my pregnancy (so feeling huge). I ordered a Medium and it was perfect. Room to stretch.
The material is nice and stretchy. I'm 5'8 and ordered a size L. Very excited to wear this in October!


With the end of theme and discourse review presentations at Metàfora this last week, what was shared was art, experience, thinking and presents! This exchange was immensely inspiring to all that participated in discussion and by showing their work. Ideas behind the use of colour and form, mark and concept, performance and participation, poetics and analysis where all discussed in detail and with intriguing insights. The tutors guided the discussion with challenging questioning and supportive suggestions. The students were congratulated on the pushing of boundaries, both personal, materially and conceptually.


A light weight lube perfect for road bikes.
A quick clean and some lube will have your chain running like new again - you'll be amazed the difference it makes! Promotes fast spinning and smoother cadence, as well as protecting the chain and prolonging it's life. The cheapest, easiest performance upgrade you'll find. Get rid of chain noise and clunky shifting in a few minutes.
Shake well and apply a stream of lube to the chain at the cassette.
Do not drip the lube on like you would oil. This is not oil!
Get the chain really wet, this stuff cleans and lubes all in one.
Freewheel the chain backwards for about 5 seconds...no less.
all of it, wipe the chain as clean as it will get.


Copies of Super Smash Bros. Ultimate are out there in the wild, which has led to numerous leaks being posted online and people streaming the game on platforms like Twitch.
Nintendo hasn't taken this leak lightly, as the most prominent channels that have been uploading content from Super Smash Bros. Ultimate have been hit with content strikes by the big N.
The YouTuber named Crunchii has been uploading new remixes from Super Smash Bros. Ultimate to his channel over the past few days, which has drawn the ire of Nintendo. Crunchii's channel has been hit with copyright strikes from Nintendo of America, which has caused him to be locked out of his account and will result in its termination over the next few weeks.
There is also a YouTuber named Dystifyzer, who also posted songs from Super Smash Bros. Ultimate's soundtrack. He too has been hit with numerous copyright strikes from Nintendo and is expecting his YouTube channel to be gone by next week.
I have also been copyright striked and the Dystifyzer YouTube channel will be deleted in 7 days. I knew the risks when uploading a soundtrack 2 weeks early, but I didn't want to be left behind other uploaders. Tough luck.
We had recently reported that the cutscenes from the World of Light mode from Super Smash Bros. Ultimate had been posted online by a YouTuber named RIN GAMES. These videos are now gone due to copyright claims from Nintendo and the account that posted them seems to have been terminated.
Those who have leaked elements from Super Smash Bros. Ultimate don't seem to be surprised by this level of reaction from Nintendo, as they are notoriously heavy-handed when it comes to copyright claiming their videos. This is especially true for video content of games that haven't been officially released yet.
The sad thing is that the leaked content from Super Smash Bros. Ultimate hasn't been all that exciting – it's mostly new music tracks and some new facets of the World of Light mode. There haven't been any secret unannounced characters hiding in the code of the game that Sakurai was hoping to spring on the fans.
The reason why the World of Light mode doesn't have as many cutscenes as the Subspace Emissary mode is due to how disappointed Sakurai was when all of the lovingly crafted FMV sequences were quickly uploaded to the Internet. The Super Smash Bros. Ultimate leak proves that he was right to reveal everything beforehand, as any secrets would have been spoiled just two weeks before the game was released.
Super Smash Bros. Ultimate will be available for the Nintendo Switch on December 7th, 2019.


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THERE is an international agreement for fighting terrorism and drying up its financial sources. Even Israel, which is practicing a system of various standards, has declared its commitment to this agreement.
Nonetheless, it is known through leaked documents by various non-Arab bodies about an indirect cooperation between the Muslim Brotherhood Group, which is classified as a terrorist group by various countries, and Israel. It is known that political schemes were discussed between the two sides.
From this perspective, it is possible to look at the ruling issued by the Swiss court which fined Egypt $2 billion in favor of Israel due to the halt in the process of pumping gas from Egypt to Israel because of the explosions perpetrated by the Muslim Brotherhood Group before or after 2011. Through this, the identity of the engine behind terrorism will become clear.
The ruling issued on Egypt affirms the terrorism of the Muslim Brotherhood Group, the fact that it is a hired gun, and how its military wing in the Gaza Strip — the Hamas Movement – is in harmony with the plans of Israel.
This is what the former US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton spoke about at length in her biography. Therefore, there is no need for any observer to go through the trouble of discovering the level of Israeli hostility against Egypt, despite the existence of a peace treaty between Tel Aviv and Cairo.
Historically, the Israeli leadership never hid their determination to destroy Egypt. This was revealed in the statement of the former Prime Minister of Israel David Ben-Gurion, during the opening of the Dimona Nuclear Plant in 1963, concerning tearing apart three countries which pose direct threat to the existence of the Zionist entity. These three countries he was talking about were Egypt, Iraq and Syria.
It is not possible to also forget what former Defense Minister of Israel Moshe Dayan said in this regard. Old British documents revealed the cooperation between Muslim Brotherhood Group and Britain and Zionist agency in ensuring success of the plan for establishing Israel on the Palestinian land.
It is currently necessary to bring these historic facts into the mind of every international decision-maker if they are really serious about fighting terrorism.
Hence, the major countries that are allies of Israel should first work seriously on drying up the financial sources of the Muslim Brotherhood Group by confiscating their money and assets, and paying the fine that Egypt cannot bear, even though the gas-related agreement is governed by the international law.
In fact, if there is a serious and sincere international intention to eradicate terrorism, the responsibility should be placed firstly on the shoulders of Israel because it was the one that made the Muslim Brotherhood do what it did.
It is important to remember that, in the past years, all the attacks on the Egypt-Israel gas pipeline coincided with the Muslim Brotherhood Group's campaign, whether against the agreement or calling for suspension of pumping of gas to Israel in solidarity with Hamas Group in Gaza Strip.
This was fabricated by Israel in order to further agitate the situation. Therefore, it is naïve for the people of Egypt to be forced to pay fines imposed on them as a result of the terrorist operations perpetrated by the Muslim Brotherhood Group based on orders from Israel.
The entire drama is saggy with a weak scenario, poor production, and even bad casting.


Ciao! My name is Mani and I'm a gal in my twenties with a name from India, born and raised in Mexico City and currently residing in Austin, TX. In 2008, I left my "normal" life and started living an unconventional and spontaneous life. Join me as I blog about travel, food, healthy living and my unpredictable nomad life. Read more.
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Diary of an Aesthete I came into this life with humble beginnings – and I seek a humble ending. But what I look for along the way is to acquire a life worth living.
Finding The Freedom Off the beaten path expert with a mix of luxury and a hefty dose of adventure.
Wise Monkeys Abroad The world is our playground.
Learning India Making sense of the subcontinent.
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According to recent data by SigFig, stock portfolios of young people and older people tend to look very different. As you may expect, younger investors are willing to take more risk and prefer to invest in more cutting-edge companies, while older investors are more likely to invest in stable blue chips.
And while it's fine to speculate a little bit, some of the stocks that young people consider "boring" are the very investments they should be taking advantage of, given that they have decades until retirement. A portfolio of solid, stable companies, combined with a long time horizon, is perhaps the most certain way to wealth in the stock market.
What young people are buyingThe stocks that are popular with younger investors should come as no big surprise. To name a few, Tesla , Amazon.com , and Twitter are owned by investors with median ages of 35, 39, and 40, respectively.
This makes a lot of sense. After all, these companies make products that younger people use and see every day, and they think of themselves as being on the cutting edge of their respective industries.
The problem with stocks like these is that they can be risky and volatile and may not work out over the long run. Will people still be buying Tesla automobiles in 30 years? Will people still be using Twitter to connect with others? Maybe, maybe not. And these companies' share prices can fluctuate quite a bit. For example, over the past few years, Tesla has soared from about $25 to nearly $300, and it's back under $200 again after this writing -- definitely exciting, but very uncertain.
Having said that, these are all excellent companies, and there's nothing wrong with allocating a small percentage of your portfolio to stocks like these. In fact, I own shares of Twitter. However, the majority of your holdings should be companies that you know will be around in 20, 30, and even 50 years.
What they should be buyingUnfortunately, the kinds of stocks young people should buy are considered to be "boring" or "for old people" by many younger investors.
And it's completely understandable that they feel this way. After all, the median age of investors who hold shares of Johnson & Johnson , Procter & Gamble , and Chevron is 56 years old. Plus, these stocks rarely experience big moves, so they rarely make headlines.
Here are some other solid blue-chip companies favored by older investors.
Not so boring after allThe problem with the "boring" perception of these stocks is that they are actually anything but. Sure, over any short-term period, these stocks are unlikely to thrill you with their performance. However, over the long run, these companies tend to produce consistent market-beating performance that might amaze you.
Over the past 20 years, Chevron has averaged a 13% total return per year, even after the recent decline in the oil sector, and Johnson & Johnson and Procter & Gamble have both averaged about 11.6%. All three of these handily beat the S&P's 9.5% average, and this performance can really make a difference over time in your portfolio.
As an example, if you had invested $10,000 in S&P 500 index funds 20 years ago, it would have grown to $53,000 today. Pretty good, right? On the other hand, if you had taken that $10,000 and split it between the three companies mentioned, it would be worth more than $98,000 today, assuming you reinvested all of your dividends. There's nothing boring about those gains!
It's OK to take risks, but be sensibleI'm not saying your entire portfolio should be made up of stocks like these, but my point is that they have more of a place in a young investor's portfolio than you might think. If you want to invest in the "next big thing," go for it, but keep it to a small portion of your portfolio.
Although these stocks may seem boring to you now, they won't in 20 or 30 years. Steady and predictable growth is the most certain path to wealth, so set your portfolio up for success while you have the time frame to take advantage of it.
The article Young Investors Are Buying the Wrong Stocks originally appeared on Fool.com.
Matthew Frankel owns shares of Twitter. The Motley Fool recommends Amazon.com, Chevron, CVS Health, Johnson & Johnson, PepsiCo, Procter & Gamble, Tesla Motors, Twitter, and UnitedHealth Group. The Motley Fool owns shares of Amazon.com, Johnson & Johnson, PepsiCo, Tesla Motors, and Twitter. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.


text:
We read 'The Railway Children' in class and wrote reports on the book.
Book report by J. H.
Title: The Railway Children
Author: E.Nesbit
Main characters: Bobby, Phyllis, Peter
a Gentleman, Father and Mother
Plot: Three children and their mother get sent away to a new home because their father gets sent away. They are sad at the beginning of their new life, but they make a new friend along the way.
Favourite part: When father gets home safely, as they were miserable without him
Worst part: When Bobby finds out why her dad was taken away.
Age it would be most suitable for: For all ages.
What I thought of the book: It was one of the best books ever!
Rating of ten: I give it eight and a half out of ten
Book Report by: A.F
Author: E. Nesbit
Main Characters in the story: Bobby, Phyllis, Peter, Mother, Father, an old gentleman and Mr. Perks.
Plot: Three children are moving house because their dad is sent away.
Favourite Part: My favourite part is when Father returned because the children were so miserable with out him.
Worst Part: The worst part in the story is when Father was taken away because
they had to move to a cold house.
Age it would be most suitable for: All ages
What I thought of the book: I thought it was a good book.
Rating out of 10: 8 out of 10
Book Report by A.G.
Main characters in the story: Bobby, Phyllis, Peter, Mother, Father, an old gentleman, Mr Perks
Plot: The story is about three children and their mother who move to a different house. They were so rich but now they are poor. However they have many adventures along the way as they make friends with an old gentleman.
Favourite part: My favourite part is where the children meet their daddy.
Worst part: When Peter stole the coal.
Age it would be most suitable for: I think it's suitable for every age.
What I thought of the book: I didn't really like the story as I thought it was boring.
Rating out of 10: 1/10
Book Report by J.C.
Main characters in the story: Bobby, Phyllis, Peter, Mother, Father, Mr.Perks, an old gentleman
Plot: Three children and their mother have to move house as their father goes away. The children make a new friend who travels on the train near their new home.
My favourite part: When father comes home.
My worst part: When father moves away.
Age it would be most suitable for: all ages.
What I thought of the book: It was a very good book.
Rating out of 10: 10/10
Book Report by H.OC.
Main characters in the story : Phyllis, Peter, Bobby, Mother, Father, an old gentleman, Mr. Perks.
Plot; It is about a family who has to move away because their father has moved away. Their new house is beside a train station. Favourite Best part: When their father came home safely because they were miserable and lonely without him. Worst part: When Peter stole the coal just to help his mother keep warm.
What I thought of the book: Very interesting because there were lots of adventures.
Book Report by J. O.
Main characters in the story: Bobby, Phyllis, Peter, mother, father, an old gentleman and Mr Perks.
Plot: The story was about three children who had to move house because their dad was sent away.
Favourite part: when Peter stole the coal because his mammy was sick and he got into big trouble.
Worst part: When the children had to move house and didn't like their new house.
Age it would be suitable for: Every age because it is a very nice story
What I thought of the book: I thought it was fantastic!!
Rating out of ten: 10 out of 10!!


PHILADELPHIA (AP) — A former Philadelphia-area pastor has been convicted in a $6 million mortgage fraud scheme in which prosecutors say he victimized his own congregants as straw-buyers.
Forty-seven-year-old Michael A. Wilkerson Sr. was once pastor of New Millennium Life Restoration Fellowship, which has locations in Phoenixville and Spring City. Wilkerson was convicted in federal court in Philadelphia on Tuesday on bank fraud and other counts.
Authorities say Wilkerson lived in one of the properties and rented four others out. He allegedly made mortgage payments initially but soon told the straw buyers they had to pay the mortgages, which went into default.
Forty-three-year old Denise Haines, a onetime mortgage broker, was convicted of identical charges. U.S. District Judge Mitchell S. Goldberg issued the verdicts after an eight day non-jury trial.


I have been tying the comparadun fly pattern since the late 1970's and actually learned to tie them correctly by Bob Nastasi one of the authors of Hatches and orginators of the Comparadun. The Comparadun pattern is really a variation of Fran Betters' Haystack fly pattern. Both patterns work equally as well.
Over time I began to change my technique for tying the deer hair wing on the Comparadun. This technique helps make the body more slender on smaller fly patterns and keeps the wing upright and slightly slanted back which is more like the natural mayfly duns.


The Harlem Globetrotters are returning to Kent this weekend for two performances: Friday, February 17 and Monday, February 20, and we've got four tickets to give away!
Enter to win by sending an email to [email protected] with "Harlem Globetrotters Giveaway" in the subject line, and you'll be entered to win. One entry per family please. Provide your name, best way to reach you (email or phone) and whether you'd prefer tickets for Friday or Monday.
The Original Harlem Globetrotters are preparing for their most epic tour in history. A star-studded roster will have fans on the edge of their seat to witness the ball handling wizardry, basketball artistry and family entertainment thrilling fans of all ages.
To get your ready for the games, check out a few of the Globetrotters amazing videos and one-of-a-kind Trick Shots!


text:
\section{Introduction.}

Single- and bilayer graphene have attracted tremendous attention since their
discovery \cite{Novoselov2004} due to their fascinating and in many respects
unique properties (for a review see, e.g., Refs.
\onlinecite{CastroNetoreview,DasSarmareview,Peresreview}). Presently, one of
the central issues in graphene research is to identify the scatterers that
dominate the conductivity $\sigma $. This is not only a fundamental
question, but also the prerequisite for progress regarding the quality of
the electronic properties of graphene devices. Since the character of the
scatterers manifests itself directly in the electron density ($n$)
dependence of $\sigma $, this function plays a key role in the corresponding
experimental and theoretical investigations. \cit
{DasSarmareview,Peresreview} Most experiments in single-layer graphene (SLG)
show a dependence close to $\sigma \propto n$. \cit
{Novoselov2005,Tan2007,Morozov2008,Peresreview}, while some sub-micrometer
extra-clean suspended samples show a square-root dependence $\sigma \propto
n^{1/2}$ consistent with the ballistic transport regime\cit
{Du,BolotinPRL,Klos2009}. Within the standard Boltzmann transport theory in
the Born approximation, \cite{Ando2006,Nomura2006,Hwang2007} the linear
density dependence emerges from long-range Coulomb scattering which implies
that charged impurities in the substrate are the dominant scatterers.
Deviations from a linear dependence were attributed to effects of short
range impurities\cite{Novoselov2005,Tan2007,Morozov2008,Jang2008,Zhu2009},
for which the Boltzmann theory predicts $\sigma =$ const \cit
{Ando2006,Nomura2006,Hwang2007}. This point of view has been challenged by
theories going beyond the first Born approximation\cit
{Stauber2007,KatsnelsonNovoselov,Ostrovsky} as well as numerical simulation
\cite{Klos2010,Wehling2010} which show that short-range disorder leads to a
linear density dependency similar to the one for the long-range potential.
At the same time, a growing evidence from recent experiments\cit
{Ponomarenko2009,Monteverde2010,Ni2010} points to short-range impurities as
the main scattering mechanism in SLG.

The situation is much less clear in bilayer graphene (BLG). In most studies
the BLG conductivity exhibits a linear density dependence very similar to
that one of SLG. \cite{Morozov2008, Monteverde2010,Xiao2010} A superlinear
dependence was reported by Zhu \textit{et al.}\cite{Zhu2009}, whereas a
sublinear behavior has been observed in sub-micrometer BLG samples\cit
{Feldman2009} which may be an indication quasi-ballistic transport. In the
density regime where these experiments have been carried out, the energy
dispersion of BLG is parabolic. For the case of short-range disorder, both
the standard Boltzmann approach\cite{Adam2008,DasSarma2010}, as well as
theories not relying on the Born approximation\cite{Katsnelson2007,Ferreira}
predict $\sigma \propto n$. Recent numerical modeling of the BLG
conductivity based on the Kubo approach shows that sufficiently far away
from the neutrality point, a linear or sublinear dependence of $\sigma $ on
n$ is found, depending on the strength and type of of the disorder.\cit
{Katsnelson2010,Trushin} As far as the long-range disorder is concerned, the
Boltzmann model in the Born approximation predicts $\sigma \propto n^{2}$
for unscreened, $\sigma \propto n$ for overscreened and $\sigma \propto
n^{\gamma }$ with $1<\gamma <2$ for screened Coulomb disorder \cit
{DasSarma2010}. These predictions are qualitatively different from the
corresponding predictions for SLG.\cit
{Ando2006,Nomura2006,Hwang2007,Peresreview} Therefore, in order to explain
the observed density dependence (which is very similar for SLG and BLG), Das
Sarma \textit{et al.}\cite{DasSarma2010} concluded that scattering
mechanisms are fundamentally different for SGL and BLG, being dominated by
the Coulomb impurities for the former and short-range impurities for the
later. This is a rather surprising conclusion because scattering mechanisms
in both systems are expected to be the same as both SLG and BLG are produced
by the same manufacturing technique with the same substrate used in the
measurements.

Since conclusions regarding the nature of the scattering mechanism in BLG
are often based on the predictions of the standard Boltzmann approach, it is
of utmost importance to establish its range of validity and to study how
well it models the exact conductivity. In the present study, we utilize the
well established model of Gaussian disorder, \cit
{Bardarson,Lewenkopf,Adam2009,Klos2009,Klos2010,Peresreview} where the
effective screening length $\xi $ can be chosen to describe both short- and
long-range scattering, and derive analytical expressions for the
conductivity of the BLG within the standard Boltzmann approach in the Born
approximation. We then perform exact numerical tight-binding (TB)
Landauer-type calculations and compare them with the analytical results. We
demonstrate that for the density regime corresponding to the parabolic
dispersion the exact TB calculations are consistent with the Boltzmann
predictions. We show that in the experimentally relevant regime the latter
predicts a linear density dependence of the conductivity for both short- and
long range scattering\textbf{.} This density dependence is in agreement with
most experiments reported to date. Our calculations imply that the same
scattering mechanisms dominate in BLG and SLG. We also provide an estimate
for the range of effective screening lengths for the scatterers present in
the experiments.

\section{Description of the model.}

We calculate $\sigma (n)$ of BLG using the standard $p$-orbital
nearest-neighbor tight-binding Hamiltonian

\begin{eqnarray}
H &=&\sum_{\ell ,\langle i,j\rangle }(V_{i}a_{\ell ,i}^{+}a_{\ell
,i}+V_{j}b_{\ell ,j}^{+}b_{\ell ,j})  \label{H} \\
&&-t\sum_{\ell ,\langle i\rangle }(a_{\ell ,i}^{+}b_{\ell ,i+\Delta
}+h.c.)-t_{\perp }\sum_{i}(a_{1,i}^{+}b_{2,i}+h.c.),  \notag
\end{eqnarray
with $V_{i}$ being the external potential at site $i,$ $a_{\ell ,i}^{+}$ (
b_{\ell ,j}^{+}$) being the creation operator at sublattice $A$ ($B$) and
site $i(j)$ in layer $\ell =1,2$, and the coupling integrals $t=3.16$
\mathrm{eV,}$ $t_{\perp }=0.39$ $\mathrm{eV.}$ \cit
{CastroNetoreview,DasSarmareview,Peresreview} In the second term the index
i+\Delta $ corresponds to the nearest neighbors to the site $i.$ In the
parabolic dispersion regime we follow Yuan \textit{et al.}\cit
{Katsnelson2010} and set $t_{\perp }=0.5t$. This effectively extends the
parabolic band to higher densities. Without this scaling and for the
impurity concentrations used in our numerical calculations, the parabolic
band would otherwise not be accessible since it is essentially governed by
the impurity band. Scattering centers are modeled by the Gaussian potential
\cite{Bardarson,Lewenkopf,Adam2009,Klos2009,Klos2010,Peresreview
\begin{equation}
V(\mathbf{r}_{i})=\sum_{i^{\prime }=1}^{N_{imp}}U_{i^{\prime }}\exp \left(
\frac{|\mathbf{r}{_{i}}-\mathbf{r}_{i^{\prime }}|^{2}}{2\xi ^{2}}\right) .
\label{Gaussian}
\end{equation
We refer to the case $\xi =a$ (appropriate for the absorbed neutral
impurities) as short-range scattering, and to the case $\xi \gg a$
(appropriate for the remote charged impurities) as long-range scattering,
with $a$ being the C-C distance. The potential heights are uniformly
distributed in the range $U_{i}\in \lbrack -\delta ,\delta ]$ where $\delta $
denotes the maximum potential height. The correlator of this potential has
also a Gaussian shape, \cite{Bardarson,Lewenkopf,Adam2009}
\begin{equation}
C(r)\equiv \sum_{i}V(\mathbf{r}_{i})V(\mathbf{r}_{i}-\mathbf{r})=\frac
K(\hbar v_{F})^{2}}{2\pi \xi ^{2}}\exp \left( -\frac{r^{2}}{2\xi ^{2}
\right) ,  \label{correlator}
\end{equation
where the dimensionless impurity strength is described by the parameter
K\approx 40.5n_{imp}(\delta /t)^{2}(\xi /\sqrt{3}a)^{4}$ with $n_{imp}$
being the relative concentration of impurities.

For the exact numerical calculations, we consider a rectangular BLG stripe
of length $L$ and width $W$ exposed to the impurity potential according to
Eq. (\ref{Gaussian}) and attach it to semi-infinite leads. The conductivity
of the stripe $\sigma (n)=\frac{L}{W}G(n)$ as a function of the electron
density $n$ is obtained from the transmission coefficient $T$ which is
related to the conductance $G$ via the Landauer formula $G=\frac{2e^{2}}{h
T. $ $T$ and $n$ are computed with the aid of the recursive Green's function
technique \cite{Xu2008,Xu2009}. Because of computational limitations we
study stripes with $L/W>1$. The obtained results are insensitive to $L/W$ as
long as $L/W>1$.

\section{The Boltzmann approach}

Within the Boltzmann approach, the conductivity reads\cite{Ashcroft}

\begin{equation}
\sigma ={\frac{1}{2}}e^{2}\tau D(E_{F})\left( v_{F}^{BG}\right) ^{2},
\label{sigma}
\end{equation
where $D(E_{F})$ is the density of states (DOS) at the Fermi energy,
v_{F}^{BG}$ is the Fermi velocity of the bilayer graphene, and $\tau $ is
the scattering time. An analytical expression for the Boltzmann conductivity
for the bilayer graphene can be obtained for the limiting cases of the
parabolic and linear dispersions, $\hbar v_{F}|k|\ll \frac{t_{\perp }}{2}$
and $\hbar v_{F}|k|\gg \frac{t_{\perp }}{2}$ respectively (or, equivalently,
$n\ll n_{0}$ and $n\gg n${}$_{0},$ where $n_{0}=\frac{1}{\pi (3a)^{2}}\left(
\frac{t_{\perp }}{t}\right) ^{2}$ is the critical density separating the
parabolic and linear bands, and $v_{F}=\frac{3at}{2\hbar }$ is the Fermi
velocity of single-layer graphene).

In this section we present analytical expressions for the conductivity
\sigma $ for the bilayer graphene. The details of the derivation are given
in the Appendix. For the parabolic dispersion ($n\ll n_{0}$) the
conductivity reads,
\begin{eqnarray}
\sigma &=&\frac{e^{2}\hbar ^{3}}{m^{\ast 2}}\frac{n}{K(\hbar v_{F})^{2}
\frac{e^{z}}{\left( \frac{1}{z}-1\right) I_{1}(z)+\left( \frac{1}{z
+1\right) I_{2}(z)}  \label{sigma_par} \\
&\propto &\left\{
\begin{array}{c}
n,\;z\ll 1\text{ (quantum scattering);} \\
n^{5/2},\;z\gg 1\text{ (classical scattering).
\end{array
\right.  \notag
\end{eqnarray
where $I_{\nu }$ is the modified Bessel function, and $z=\pi n\xi
^{2}=\left( \frac{2\pi \xi }{\lambda }\right) ^{2}$ with $\lambda $ being
the Fermi wavelength. It follows from the definition of $z$ that the
condition $z\ll 1$ corresponds to the case of quantum scattering when the
Fermi wavelength is larger than the effective width of the potential
barrier, $\lambda \gg \xi $, while the opposite condition $z\gg 1$
corresponds to the case of classical scattering, $\lambda \ll \xi $.

For the linear dispersion ($n\gg n_{0})$ the conductivity reads,
\begin{eqnarray}
\sigma &=&\frac{16e^{2}}{h}\frac{ze^{z}}{K\left( I_{1}(z)+I_{2}(z)\right) }
\label{sigma_lin} \\
&\propto &\left\{
\begin{array}{c}
\text{const},\;z\ll 1\text{ (quantum scattering);} \\
n^{3/2},\;z\gg 1\text{ (classical scattering).
\end{array
\right.  \notag
\end{eqnarray}

\begin{table}[t]
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|}
\hline
& parabolic band & linear band \\
& ($n\ll n_{0}$) & ($n \gg n_{0}$) \\ \hline
\textrm{quantum scattering} & Regime I: & Regime II: \\
$(z\ll 1)$ & $\sigma \propto n$ & $\sigma $ = const \\ \hline
\textrm{classical scattering} & Regime III: & Regime IV: \\
$(z\gg 1)$ & $\sigma \propto n^{5/2}$ & $\sigma \propto n^{3/2}$ \\ \hline
\end{tabular
\caption{Four different regimes for the density dependence for the
conductivity of BLG as predicted by the Boltzmann theory, Eqns. (\protect\re
{sigma_par}),(\protect\ref{sigma_lin}). It is noteworthy that the exponents
for the linear band of BLG (regimes II and IV) are the same as those for SL
\protect\cite{Adam2009,Klos2010}. }
\end{table}
Hence, it follows from Eqs. (\ref{sigma_par}) and (\ref{sigma_lin}) that the
Boltzmann approach for the Gaussian potential predicts four different
regimes where the density dependence of the conductivity $\sigma =\sigma (n)$
is qualitatively different for parabolic and linear bands ($n\ll n_{0}$
respectively $n\gg n${}$_{0}$) and for quantum and classical scattering (
z\ll 1$ respectively $z\gg 1$). The corresponding asymptotes for the density
dependence for these four regimes are summarized in Table I.

\section{Exact results and discussion}

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{centering}
\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{fig1.eps}
\end{centering}
\caption{(color online) The density dependence of the TB and Boltzmann
conductivities for Regime I (quantum scattering $z\ll 1$, parabolic band
n\ll n_{0}$) and Regime II (quantum scattering $z\ll 1$, linear band $n\gg
n_{0}$); $\protect\xi =a$; $t_{\bot}=0.5t$, corresponding to
n_{0}=4.4\times 10^{13}\text{cm}^{-2}$, for selected scattering strengths.
The TB calculations are averaged over 1000 impurity configurations.}
\label{Fig1}
\end{figure}

As shown in the preceding Section, for the case of the Gaussian potential
the Boltzmann approach predicts four different regimes where the density
dependence of the conductivity $\sigma =\sigma (n)$ is qualitatively
different, see Eqns. (\ref{sigma_par}), (\ref{sigma_lin}) and Table I. In
the present Section, we compare these predictions with the exact TB
calculations.

Figure \ref{Fig1} displays the results for Regimes I and II (quantum
scattering, $z\ll 1,$ for the parabolic and linear band, respectively). Let
us start with the most interesting Regime I of the parabolic band
appropriate for most experiments (left part of the figure, $n\ll n_{0})$.
The TB conductivity exhibits a density dependency close to the expected
linear one, $\sigma \propto n$, and the TB and Boltzmann conductivities are
in a reasonable quantitative agreement. Note that for smaller scattering
strengths ($\delta \lesssim 2t)$ the density dependence of $\sigma ^{TB}$ is
rather sublinear, which can be attributed to the quasi-ballistic transport
regime (a transition from the ballistic to diffusive transport regimes in
the SLG is discussed in Refs. \cite{Klos2009,Klos2010}). The calculations
presented in Fig. \ref{Fig1} correspond to the short-range potential with
\xi =a$. Similar results are also obtained for a potential with a longer
range, $\xi =3a$ (not shown). Because of computational limitations we are
not able to explore BLG conductivity in the Regime I for larger $\xi .$
However we expect that for a given potential strength the agreement between
the Boltzmann and the TB conductivities improves when the potential becomes
smoother, i.e. when $\xi $ increases. A similar linear dependence of the BLG
conductivity for the Gaussian potential in the parameter range $a\lesssim
\xi \lesssim 5a$ was also obtained by Yuan \textit{et al.} \cit
{Katsnelson2010}.

Regime II of the quantum scattering case, $z\ll 1$, in the linear band
corresponds to the right part of the figure, $n\gg n_{0}$. In this case the
TB and Boltzmann conductivities disagree both qualitatively and
quantitatively: the TB calculations show a linear dependence $\sigma
^{TB}\propto n,$ whereas Boltzmann approach predicts $\sigma ^{Boltz}=$
const. For the case of the linear band the BLG can be effectively regarded
as two weakly interacting SLG sheets. Therefore the SLG conductivity and the
conductivity of the BLG in the linear band are expected to show similar
features. Indeed, the linear density dependence of the TB conductivity as
well as a qualitative disagreement between the TB and Boltzmann approaches
within the Born approximation for $z\ll 1$ have also been found for Gaussian
scatterers for SLG\cite{Klos2010}.

Why does the Born approximation for $z\ll 1$ work reasonably well (in the
parameter region explored here) for the BLG in the parabolic band (Regime
I), but fails for BLG in the linear band (Regime II) as well as for the SLG?
The answer to this question can be obtained from an analysis of the validity
of the Born approximation based on non-perturbative approaches\cit
{Ferreira,priv_com}. Using the $T$-matrix technique for the lattice model or
the partial-wave expansion for the continuum description one can obtain an
exact expression for the scattering rate for the case of the short-range (
\delta $-function) impurities. The condition for the validity of the Born
approximation for short-range scattering was discussed by Ferreira\textit{\
et al.}\cite{Ferreira,priv_com} and reads
\begin{subequations}
\label{Born}
\begin{gather}
\frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi }3^{3/4}}\left( V_{eff}/t\right) kR\ln (kR)\ll 1,\text
\thinspace SLG;}  \label{Born_SLG} \\
\frac{18t/t_{\perp }}{\left( V_{eff}/t\right) \left( cA_{1}/a^{2}\right)
\ll 1,\text{\thinspace BLG (parabolic band)}  \label{Born_BLG}
\end{gather
where $k$ is the Fermi wavelength, $R=\frac{3^{3/4}}{2\sqrt{\pi }}a,$ $A_{1}
\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}a^{2}$ is the area per one C atom, $c$ is a constant of
the order of 1, and $V_{eff}$ is the effective impurity potential obtained
using the $T$-matrix approach and the ab initio calculations\cit
{Robinson,Wehling2010}. For the SLG (and thus for the BLG in the linear
band), the condition (\ref{Born_SLG}) implies that the Born approximation is
valid only for weak potentials, $V_{eff}/t\ll 5$ . In contrast, condition
\ref{Born_BLG}) is more relaxed, such that the Born approximation for the
parabolic band of BLG is expected to work at least qualitatively even for
strong realistic potentials, $V_{eff}/t\sim 60,$ appropriate e.g. for
adsorbed hydrogen\cite{Wehling2010}. In the present study, we present
results for the short range potential with $V_{eff}/t\lesssim 4.$ For larger
$V_{eff}/t$ the structure at hand for a given impurity concentrations and a
system size enters the localization regime, where the Boltzmann approach is
not applicable. Although we expect that the Born approximation would be
qualitatively correct even for such strong potentials, it would be
interesting to explore this case using numerical approaches capable to treat
larger size structures, such as e.g. the Kubo approach\cite{Katsnelson2010}.

Let us now turn to the case of classical scattering, $z\gg 1,$ corresponding
to Regimes III and IV (parabolic and linear bands respectively). We start by
noting that for $z\gg 1$ the conductivity of SLG is well described by the
Boltzmann approach within the Born approximation\cite{Adam2009,Klos2010}. We
therefore expect a similar agreement between the Boltzmann and the TB
calculations for BLG for the case of classical scattering in the linear band
regime (i.e. in Regime IV). The conductivity of BLG in Regime IV
(exemplified by choosing $\xi =16a$) is shown in Fig. \ref{Fig2}. According
to the expectations, the TB calculations are in excellent qualitative
agreement with the Boltzmann predictions showing the expected density
dependence $\sigma \propto n^{3/2}$ and exhibiting the decrease of
conductivity as the impurity strength $\delta $ is increased. However, the
magnitude of the TB conductivity differs from its Boltzmann counterpart by a
factor 3-6 with increasing deviation as $\delta $ increases. A similar
quantitative discrepancy between the TB and the Boltzmann conductivities is
also found for Regimes I and III. One of the reasons for this discrepancy is
that due to computational limitations, the dimension of the structure $L$ is
not sufficiently large to achieve a truly classical diffusive regime with
\end{subequations}
\begin{equation}
L\gg l_{tr}\gg l_{F}  \label{diffusive}
\end{equation
where $l_{tr}=v\tau =\frac{h}{4e^{2}}\frac{\sigma }{\sqrt{\pi n}}$ is the
mean free path and $l_{F}$ is the Fermi wavelength. For the scattering
strengths $\delta $ used in calculations typical values of the mean free
path are $l_{tr}\simeq L/2-L/10$ ($L=320$ nm in Fig. \ref{Fig2} and $L=160$
nm for Figs \ref{Fig1},\ref{Fig3}), and $l_{F}\simeq 10$ nm. We expect that
the agreement between the TB and Boltzmann conductivities would improve for
larger structures where the condition Eq. (\ref{diffusive}) is better
satisfied. Another reason for the discrepancy can be related to the
utilization of the Born approximation, the applicability of which improves
as the electron energy increases.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{fig2.eps}
\caption{(color online) The density dependence of the TB and Boltzmann
conductivities for the Regime IV (classical scattering $z\gg 1$, linear band
$n\gg n_{0}$), $\protect\xi =16a$ ; $t_{\bot}=0.39$ eV, corresponding to
n_{0}=2.67\times 10^{12} \text{cm}^{-2}$, for various scattering strengths.
The TB calculations are averaged over 1000 impurity configurations. The
sample size is $L\times W=320\times 20$nm$^{2}$.}
\label{Fig2}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{centering}
\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{fig3.eps}
\end{centering}
\caption{(color online) The density dependence of the TB and Boltzmann
conductivities for the Regime III (parabolic band, $n\ll n_{0}$ and weak
scattering $z\gg 1$). $\protect\xi =32a$; $t_{\bot}=0.5t$ (corresponding to
n_{0}=4.4\times 10^{13}\text{cm}^{-2}$), shown for different scattering
strengths. The TB calculations are averaged over 1000 impurity
configurations.}
\label{Fig3}
\end{figure}

We finally turn to Regime III (classical scattering, $z\gg 1,$ in the
parabolic band). It is exemplified in Fig. \ref{Fig3} by choosing $\xi =32a.$
The TB calculations are in a qualitative agreement with the corresponding
Boltzmann predictions showing the density dependence $\sigma \propto n^{5/2}$
expected for this regime and exhibiting a decrease of conductivity as the
impurity strength $\delta $ is increased. We conclude this discussion by
summarizing that for the classical scattering, $z\gg 1,$ the TB calculations
are consistent with the Boltzmann approach for both parabolic and linear
bands, whereas for the quantum scattering, $z\ll 1,$ the TB and Boltzmann
calculations agree for the parabolic band and disagree for the linear band.

Let us relate our findings to available experimental data. Practically all
the experiments on BLG structures reported so far have been performed for
relatively low electron densities where the dispersion relation is
parabolic. In most of these studies the BLG conductivity exhibits a linear
density dependence. \cite{Morozov2008, Monteverde2010,Xiao2010}. Out of four
regimes considered above, this is consistent only with the Regime I (quantum
scattering in the parabolic band) predicting a linear density dependence for
both short- and long range scatterers. We therefore conclude that Regime I
is the regime corresponding to realistic BLG samples, and the experimentally
observed linear dependence of the BLG conductivity can be caused by both
short- and long-range scattering. Note that exact TB numerical calculations
for SLG for the case of quantum scattering, $z\ll 1,$ also give the same
linear density dependence for both short- and long-range Gaussian scatterer
\cite{Klos2010}. As the calculated and experimental conductivities of SLG
and BLG are essentially the same, this strongly suggests that the scattering
mechanisms for SLG and BLG can not be different.

\bigskip\ As far as the classical scattering $z\gg 1$ in the parabolic band
is concerned (Regime II), the Boltzmann theory and the TB numerical
calculations predict a superlinear density dependence $\sigma \propto
n^{5/2} $. This dependence has never been observed in BLG structures.\cit
{Peresreview} This leads us to conclude that the regime of the classical
scattering, $z\gg 1,$ is not accessible experimentally for BLG. (It is
noteworthy that a similar conclusion, namely that the regime of classical
scattering $z\gg 1$ is not achieved in SLG, was reported in Ref.
\onlinecite{Klos2010}]). Therefore, the condition $z\equiv \pi n\xi
^{2}\simeq 1$ provides an upper limit for the effective, density dependent
spatial extension of the scatterers present in the experiments. For,
example, for a typical electron density $n=10^{12}$cm$^{-2},$ we obtain $\xi
\simeq 5.6$ nm ($\simeq 22$ lattice constants). This value of the effective
screening length $\xi $ is consistent with the result reported by Ghaznavi
\textit{et al}. \cite{Ghaznavi} for the Poisson-Thomas-Fermi screening of a
charged impurity where a potential drops by a factor of 10 at distances 1-5
nm.

\section{Conclusions}

We have studied the conductivity of BLG utilizing a model of Gaussian
disorder where the effective screening length $\xi $ can be chosen to
describe both short- and long-range scattering. Analytical expressions for
the conductivity of the BLG within the standard Boltzmann approach in the
Born approximation have been derived and compared to exact numerical
tight-binding Landauer-type calculations. Our main findings can be
summarized as follows.

\begin{itemize}
\item The Boltzmann approach for the Gaussian potential predicts four
different regimes where the density dependence of the conductivity $\sigma
=\sigma (n)$ is qualitatively different for parabolic and linear bands (
n\ll n_{0}$ respectively $n\gg n${}$_{0}$) and for the quantum and classical
scattering ( $z\ll 1$ respectively $z\gg 1$), see Table I for the summary.
For the classical scattering, $z\gg 1,$ the TB calculations are consistent
with the Boltzmann approach for both parabolic and linear bands, whereas for
the quantum scattering, $z\ll 1,$ the TB and Boltzmann calculations agree
for the parabolic band and disagree for the linear band. We discuss and
analyze the applicability of the Born approximation for BLG and compare it
with the case of SLG.

\item By comparing the obtained density dependencies of the conductivity
with available experimental results we conclude that realistic BLG samples
are in the regime of the parabolic band, $n\ll n_{0},$ and of quantum
scattering, $z\ll 1.$ Here, both short- and long-range scattering lead to
the same linear density dependence of the conductivity. We also compare the
conductivities of SLG and BLG and conclude that they have the same
scattering mechanisms.

\item An upper limit for the effective, density dependent spatial extension
of the scatterers present in the experiments is provided. For, example, for
a typical electron density $n=10^{12}$cm$^{-2},$ we obtain $\xi =5.6$ nm
(corresponding to 22 lattice constants).
\end{itemize}

\begin{acknowledgments}
We are greatly thankful to N. M. R. Peres and A. Ferreira for illuminating
discussions and correspondence and for sending us Ref. \onlinecite{Ferreira} prior
publication. We acknowledge communication with S. Adam at early stages of
this work. I.V.Z. acknowledge support of V.D. and VR.
\end{acknowledgments}

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