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Case Report • Einstein (São Paulo) 11 (4) • Dec 2013 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-45082013000400020 copy
Meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type f
Marta Pessoa Cardoso
, São Paulo, , São Paulo, , Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Brazil
Jacyr Pasternak
Alfredo Elias Giglio
Rejane Rimazza Dalberto Casagrande
, São Paulo, , São Paulo, , Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina , Hospital das Clínicas, Brazil
Eduardo Juan Troster
Com o declínio da taxa de infecções causadas pelo Haemophilus influenzae tipo b após a ampla introdução da vacina, sorotipos não-b devem ser considerados agentes patogênicos potenciais em crianças menores de 5 anos com doença invasiva. Relatamos um caso de meningite por Haemophilus influenzae tipo f em um lactente imunocompetente de 1 ano. O agente foi identificado em líquido cefalorraquidiano e hemocultura. A sorotipagem foi realizada por testes com soros policlonais e confirmada por reação em cadeia de polimerase. Todas as cepas de Haemophilus influenzae associadas à doença invasiva deveriam ser sorotipadas e notificadas, a fim de possibilitar uma análise adequada das mudanças e tendências na distribuição de sorotipos desta doença.
Haemophilus influenzae; Meningite; Brasil; Relatos de casos
With the decline in the rate of infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae serotype b since the widespread vaccination, non-b serotypes should be considered as potential pathogenic agents in children with invasive disease younger than 5 years old. We report the case of an immunocompetent 1-year-old boy with Haemophilus influenzae type f meningitis. The agent was identified in cerebrospinal fluid and blood cultures. Serotyping was performed by tests using polyclonal sera and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. All Haemophilus influenzae isolates associated with invasive disease should be serotyped and notified as a way to evaluate the changes and trends in serotype distribution of this disease.
Haemophilus influenzae; Meningitis; Brazil; Case reports
Marta Pessoa CardosoI; Jacyr PasternakI; Alfredo Elias GiglioI; Rejane Rimazza Dalberto CasagrandeII; Eduardo Juan TrosterI
IHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
IIInstituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Keywords: Haemophilus influenzae; Meningitis/diagnosis; Brazil; Case reports
Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) is a significant human pathogen whose encapsulated strains have been classified in serotypes a to f and nontypeable (NTHi) on the basis of the capsular polysaccharide. All these antigenic serotypes can cause invasive disease, which are most often reported in pediatric patients. Nonencapsulated strains are less virulent and rarely cause serious infection in children(1).
Prior to the introduction of Hib conjugate vaccines in 1988, serotype b was responsible for more than 95% of all invasive Hi diseases worldwide. In the United States roughly 20,000 cases were diagnosed annually among children younger than 5 years old, presenting an incidence of about 100/100,000 people, which declined to 0.11 in 2010(2). However, Hib remains a leading cause of meningitis among unvaccinated children especially in developing countries(1).
In Brazil, Hib was also predominant during the pre-vaccine era (before 1999), being reported few cases on types other than b(3-5). Data from a regional study of Hib meningitis showed an incidence of 25.4 per 100,000 of children population under 5 years of age, declining to 0.6 after 5 years of immunization(3). Unfortunately, there are no official national data on the incidence of Hib and non-b invasive disease either before or after vaccine introduction in the country.
Widespread vaccination has raised the concern of serotype replacements, as other serotypes may fill the ecological niche that has been left open by the b type(1,3). If this hypothesis is true, we should detect non-type b strains more often in the post-vaccine era.
As far as we know, three cases of Haemophilus influenzae type f (Hif) were reported in Brazil before 1999(5). Since that year, 22 Hif strains were identified from patients with meningitis according to national reference laboratories(4,5). We report here a case of an immunocompetent child diagnosed with Hif meningitis, and the reviewing of recent epidemiologic data from Brazil and other countries.
A 1-year-old boy was admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at a private tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, with a history of fever in the last 3 days, vomiting in the last day before admission, and sleepiness in the last 12 hours. The patient had pneumonia 3 months before but nothing remarkable otherwise. His immunization schedule was complete. On admission, child temperature was 38.2oC/100.8oF, he was slightly pale and with prolonged capillary refill; he was irritable, alternating with lethargy, and presented signs of meningeal irritation. The child heart rate was 145bpm, and his blood pressure and oxygen saturation were normal. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed 4,110 leukocytes/mm3 (83% neutrophils), protein of 440mg/dL, glucose under 20mg/dL and lactate of 107mg/dL. Latex agglutination test for Haemophilus spp. was inconclusive. The result of the computed tomography of the head was normal.
Ceftriaxone was given 30 minutes after admission. Peripheral perfusion improved after receiving 80mL/kg of normal saline. Cultures of the CSF and blood grew Hi identified as type f by the slide agglutination method with polyclonal sera. Serotype was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)- based capsular genotyping using the Microseq system. Immunologic evaluation that included serum immunoglobulins and specific antibodies tests was normal.
The length of stay at PICU was 2 days and the child was discharged 12 days after admission. No hearing loss or neurodevelopmental disabilities were detected after the 5 years of follow-up.
Systemic disease attributable to the serotype f is fatal in roughly 20% in children and 30% in adults. While most adult patients infected by these strains have significant underlying diseases, in children this condition is less common (26% of the cases). Pneumonia is the predominant clinical syndrome in adult patients with Hif invasive disease(6). In children younger than 5 years old, pneumonia and meningitis are equally represented, but there are reports of unusual sites like endocarditis and septic arthritis in healthy children(1,6). Recent history of upper respiratory tract infection preceding Hif infection is more common in children than in adults(6).
In recent years, invasive disease caused by non-type b strains has been reported more frequently both in adults and children, but it is still unclear whether the absolute incidence of this disease has increased. Literature on the emergence of non-type b diseases is relatively scarce and shows heterogeneous results. Interestingly, there are geographic variations in the distribution of non-b invasive diseases, being serotypes a, e, f or NTHi more predominant in different regions(1,5-9).
A multicenter study conducted in Canada during post-vaccine years showed that two-third of Hi invasive diseases were caused by non-b serotypes (mainly NTHi and Hia), with an average of 14.8 cases per year and that annual rate is increasing over the years. There is no data on the pre-vaccine incidence, as serotyping was not available at that time(7). An active surveillance program in the United States reported an increase in proportion of invasive Hi disease caused by NTHi from 15% to 45% in 6 years (1989 to 1994), and by Hif from 1 to 17%, becoming close to that caused by Hib (18%). In this period, the absolute incidence of Hif cases rose from 0.5 to 1.9/1,000.000 people, whereas incidence of NTHi remained in 5.0/1,000.000 people(6). However, more recently, data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stated that incidence of non-type b invasive infection as a whole remains stable in 0.8/100,000 children younger than 5 years in the United States(2). In Europe, there was a small, but statistically significant, increase in invasive non-type b Hi disease, from 0.22 to 0.35/100,000 people in 10 years (1996 to 2006), according to an international surveillance project. In the under-5 age group, 75% of non-type b infections were caused by Hif, with an incidence of 0.78 cases per 1,000.000, followed by Hia and Hie infections(8).
An investigation conducted in Latin America from 2000 to 2005 reported that Hib continues to be the most prevalent serotype (65%) in all group of ages under 14, followed by NTHi (24,7%), Hia (6,1%) and Hif (1,6%). However, the relative frequency of Hib is decreasing since 2000 and this decline could have been greater if the vaccine had been introduced simultaneously in all countries studied (it ranged from 1994 in Uruguay to 2006 in Guatemala). During the same period, the proportion of NTHi and Hia increased in children under 2, while Hif remained stable in all groups of age(9).
In Brazil, a passive laboratory-based surveillance for Hi meningitis conducted from 1990 to 2008 showed decline in Hib isolates among children under 4, while identification of Hia and NTHi meningitis increased significantly among infants and children aged 1 to 4 years, respectively. In the post-vaccine period, Hib accounted for 59% of Hi meningitis isolates (blood or CSF); NTHi increased from 2 to 22% compared to the previous period, and non- b serotypes from 1 to 19%, of which 14% were Hia and 2,9% are Hif (21 cases)(5). Despite the trend observed, the data did not suggest an absolute increase in non-b or NTHi invasive disease after Hib vaccination in Brazil or Latin America(5,9).
Slide agglutination with polyclonal sera is the standard method for serotyping Hi. However, when compared to capsule typing by PCR or to monoclonal antibodies, that method with polyclonal sera has been shown to be the least reliable, with the concordance ratio between the standard method and the other two being only 76%(10). In Brazil, tests with polyclonal sera still prevail. Therefore, this may impact the epidemiology of the different types in the country. Probably the occurrence of non-type b is even higher than presented here. Besides that, although Hi meningitis is subject to mandatory notification since 1977, it was not until 2000 that serotyping of all Hi isolates was recommended by the national health politics. This fact may impact the low incidence of non-type b Hi infections reported in the pre-vaccine era.
Changes over time and through different regions must be carefully interpreted, as they may reflect differences in surveillance, culturing practices, rate and method of serotyping, and underlying conditions of infected patients.
Increase of non-type b isolates or even a change in serotype distribution is a concern for public health surveillance, since no vaccines against these serotypes exist. Authors from mentioned studies suggest serotyping of all Hi isolates associated with invasive disease as a way to evaluate the vaccination program against type b, inform on the sensitivity of the surveillance system and identify invasive disease from types other than b(2,5).
Serotype replacement has not been highly considered for Hib conjugate vaccines, probably because non-type b strains rarely used to cause invasive diseases. However, as presented here and by other studies, non-type b invasive disease has been observed more frequently in regions where the Hib conjugate vaccine has been used. Our report of Hif meningitis combined with the fact that there are few reports of its occurrence before 1999 in Brazil may contribute to the discussion of serotype replacement.
All Hi isolates associated with invasive disease should be serotyped and notified as a way to evaluate the Hib vaccination program, inform on the sensitivity of the surveillance system and identify invasive disease from types other than b. Increase of non-type b isolates is a concern for public health surveillance, as no vaccines against these serotypes exist. Continued surveillance is warranted to evaluate the trend toward the increasing incidence of Hif and other non-type b disease, as has been discussed here and in other studies.
We thank Marcia Triunfol of Publicase for suggestions and reviewing of the manuscript.
1. Killian M. Haemophilus. In: Murray P, Baron E, Jorgensen J, Pfaller M, Yolken R, editors. Manual of clinical microbiology. 9th ed. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 2007. p. 636-48.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2012. Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Report, Emerging Infections Program Network, Haemophilus influenza 2010 [Internet]. [cited 2013 Nov. 21]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/abcs/reports-findings/survreports/hib10.html
3. Ribeiro GS, Lima JB, Reis JN, Gouveia EL, Cordeiro SM, Lobo TS, et al. Haemophilus influenzae meningitis 5 years after introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in Brazil. Vaccine. 2007;25(22):4420-8.
4. Almeida AE, Filippis I, Abreu AO, Ferreira DG, Gemal AL, Marzochi KB. Occurrence of Haemophilus influenzae strains in three Brazilian states since the introduction of a conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2005;38(5):777-81.
5. Zanella RC, Bokerman S, Andrade AL, Flannery B, Brandileone MC. Changes in serotype distribution of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis isolates identified through laboratory-based surveillance following routine childhood vaccination against H. influenzae type b in Brazil. Vaccine. 2011;29(48):8937-42.
6. Urwin G, Krohn JA, Deaver-Robinson K, Wenger JD, Farley MM. Invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae serotype f: clinical and epidemiologic characteristics in the H. influenzae serotype b vaccine era. The Haemophilus influenzae Study Group. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;22(6):1069-76.
7. McConnell A, Tan B, Scheifele D, Halperin S, Vaudry W, Law B, Embree J; of The Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program, ACTive (IMPACT). Invasive infections caused by haemophilus influenzae serotypes in twelve Canadian IMPACT centers, 1996-2001. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007;26(11):1025-31.
8. Ladhani S, Slack MP, Heath PT, von Gottberg A, Chandra M, Ramsay ME; European Union Invasive Bacterial Infection Surveillance participants. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease, Europe, 1996-2006. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010;16(3):455-63.
9. Gabastou JM, Agudelo CI, Brandileone MC, Castañeda E, de Lemos AP, Di Fabio JL; Grupo de Laboratorio de SIREVA II. [Characterization of invasive isolates of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and N. meningitidis in Latin America and the Caribbean: SIREVA II, 2000-2005]. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2008; 24(1):1-15. Spanish.
10. Bokermann S, Zanella RC, Lemos AP, Andrade AL, Brandileone MC. Evaluation of methodology for serotyping invasive and nasopharyngeal isolates of Haemophilus influenzae in the ongoing surveillance in Brazil. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41(12):5546-50.
Meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type f Marta Pessoa CardosoI; Jacyr PasternakI; Alfredo Elias GiglioI; Rejane Rimazza Dalberto CasagrandeII; Eduardo Juan TrosterI
Publication in this collection
Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein Avenida Albert Einstein, 627/701 , 05651-901 São Paulo - SP, Tel.: (55 11) 2151 0904 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@einstein.br

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
from flask import Blueprint

core = Blueprint('core', __name__)

from . import views

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
The Most Famous Ratio In Mathematics
Pi, the ratio between a circle's diameter and circumference, has fascinated mathematicians since antiquity. Pi, which cannot be expressed as a ratio of two whole numbers, is an apparently endless string of digits approximately 3.14159… Pi is not "random" in the strict sense, because individual digits are mathematically fixed (modern computers have enabled mathematicians to calculate the value of pi to more than 13 trillion digits). But no evidence has yet been found that an increasingly accurate value of pi will ever reveal an end to the string or that there is any regular pattern to be found within it.
3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862...
Greek philosopher Plato first observed that no perfect circle exists in nature, as a perfect circle is a geometrical idealization. But nature's near perfect circles are a constant reminder that pi is transcendental in both senses of the word.
Pi In The Bible
In the First Book of Kings, details of Solomon's Temple include the measurements of a "molten sea", or cast metal sea used for ritual baths. The dimensions of ten cubits diameter and thirty cubits circumference give only a rough approximation of pi (30/10 = 3) although others have speculated about a more accurate interpretation from this verse.
"And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the other: it was round all about, and his height was five cubits: and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about." 1 Ki 7:23
Indeed, an equally accurate approximation of pi can be obtained by a division of chapter and verse (23/ 7 = 3.2857), whilst the median of the two gives an estimation identical to the familiar 22/7, or 3.1428...
But there is a far more accurate (albeit somewhat more tedious) method of calculating pi in the Bible. It can be found using the gematria values from the very first scriptural verse (Gen 1:1). This verse has 7 Hebrew words with a total of 28 letters. By dividing 28 times the product of the letters by seven times the product of the words, an approximation of the value of pi is given to an accuracy which wasn't surpassed until 499 AD by Chinese mathematician Zhou Chongzhi who used the fraction 355/113, and was not achieved in the West until the 15th Century.
This formula gives an approximation of pi correct to five significant figures. The odds of obtaining this degree of accuracy using a random number generator are 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10, or 1 in 100,000.
The Feynman Point And Ezekiel's Oracle
π = 3.1415926535897 ... 134999999837297804995...
The Feynman Point is an improbable sequence of six 9's beginning at position 762 after the decimal point in pi. The odds of a repdigit of this length starting this early in pi's sequence is about 1 in 130 using the formula 1-(1-0.1⁶) ⁷⁶⁷*10.
The most obvious of nature's circles are the two great lights created on the fourth day in the Book of Genesis.
"And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years: And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so. And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also." Gen 1:14-16
The first mentioned reason for the creation of these great lights were that they should be for signs. The Hebrew word for signs is owth (אות) Strongs H226, which has a gematria value of 407 which is a divisor of 999999.
999999 = 407 x 2457
"Son of man, what is that proverb that ye have in the land of Israel, saying, The days are prolonged, and every vision faileth?" Eze 12:22
בן אדם מה המשל הזה לכם על אדמת ישראל לאמר יארכו הימים ואבד כל חזון
71 50 13 105 237 271 541 445 100 90 17 375 45 45 52 = 2457
Proverb here refers to a common saying among the people. Ezekiel's oracle affirms the imminent fulfillment of God's visions and challenges those who proclaim false messages of peace.
The improbability of the string of nines so early in pi is surpassed by a similar sequence beginning at position 761 after the decimal point in 2π. This time, the sequence extends to seven 9's. The odds of a repdigit of this length so early in a random string are about 1 in 1,300 according to the formula 1-(1-0.1⁷) ⁷⁶⁷*10.
2π = 6.283185307 ... 2269999999674595609990 ...
Even more remarkable is the second string of 9's occurring so soon thereafter. There are 31,102 verses in the Bible, so how strange that the intermediate numbers lead to the very next verse, to provide context to Ezekiel's oracle. Click here for an irrational number search engine (opens in new window).
beginning at position 67,459,560 after the decimal point in pi are the four digits 4856
"Tell them therefore, Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will make this proverb to cease, and they shall no more use it as a proverb in Israel; but say unto them, The days are at hand, and the effect of every vision." Eze 12:23
לכן אמר אליהם כה אמר אדני יהוה השבתי את המשל הזה ולא ימשלו אתו עוד בישראל כי אם דבר אליהם קרבו הימים ודבר כל חזון
71 50 212 105 308 86 206 41 30 543 80 407 386 37 17 375 401 717 26 65 241 25 86 241 100 = 4856
There is also a 99 repdigit following shortly after the Feynman Point in pi. Again, the intermediate digits carry with them a portent.
beginning at position 837,297,804 after the decimal point in pi are the three digits 276, immediately followed by repdigit 99
276 is the number of souls saved from the shipwreck in Acts 27:37
chapter and verse gives 27 x 37 = 999
In Acts Chapter 27 Paul was shipwrecked on his way to Italy to appeal to Caesar. After surviving a raging storm, the ship struck a sandbar and began to break apart on the island of Malta (Melita). The centurion commanded that they who were able to swim should cast themselves first into the sea (εξιεναι), and get to land (Acts 27:43). The rest scrambled to shore on boards, and miraculously all 276 on board the ship were saved.
the 276th word in the Hebrew Bible is בימים (in the seas) Gen 1:22
Within the first thousand digits of pi, there are four 3 digit numbers which each occur five times. Those numbers are 105, 171, 446 and 609.
105 + 171 + 446 + 609 = 1331
Frequency distribution of 3 digit numbers. For example, 367 3 digit numbers do not appear within the first 1,000 digits of pi.
"Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth: for I am God, and there is none else." Isa 45:22
פנו אלי והושעו כל אפסי ארץ כי אני אל ואין עוד
80 67 31 61 30 291 151 50 393 41 136 = 1331
Isa 45:22 is verse number 18584 in the Bible
1 + 8 + 5 + 8 + 4 = 26 (יהוה) YHWH
As can be seen from the distribution table, it's rare for any 3 digit number to occur more than five times within a string of 1000 random digits. We have already seen one such occurrence with the remarkable string of seven 9's in 2π, followed shortly thereafter by 999. This totals to 6 appearances of 999 within the first 1000 digits of 2π. It's more likely for a 3 string repdigit to appear more frequently, because 999 has a one in ten chance of becoming 9999 (which would count as two appearances of 999). A non repdigit, on the other hand, has to start all over again with a one in a thousand chance of recurrence. It thus becomes even more remarkable, that the sixfold appearance of a three digit number within the first 1000 digits of 3π is a non repdigit. One number among a thousand.
"If there be a messenger with him, an interpreter, one among a thousand, to shew unto man his uprightness:" Job 33:23
the gematria value of this verse is 1595
the words "LORD" and "God" appear together in 1595 Bible verses (KJV)
Pi And The Miraculous Catch of 153 Fish
Three unusually specific numbers in the Bible have long been the subject of intrigue. Those numbers are 276 (souls saved in the shipwreck), 666 (the number of the beast) and 153 (the number of fishes caught in the net). Adding to the intrigue is that all three of these numbers are triangular, whilst 153 and 276 are also hexagonal. Hexagonal numbers are a subset of triangular numbers. All hexagonal numbers are triangular, but not all triangular numbers are hexagonal.
The number 153 appears once within the first thousand digits of π, and not at all within the first 1000 digits of 2π. No surprises there. But then a friend advised a check of 3π, on account of the Trinity. Surprisingly, 153 has 6 appearances within the first 1000 digits of 3π.
The odds of a 3 digit number appearing six or more times within 1000 random digits are about 1 in 1680. Number 153 is special:
153 is the 17th triangular number
the 153rd word in the Hebrew Bible is "good" (טוב) which has a gematria value of 17
the first appearance of 153 in 3π begins at position 17 after the decimal point
In the final chapter of John's Gospel, the disciples decided to go fishing, recalling their previous occupation but also symbolizing their new role of gathering believers. After an unsuccessful night and just after daybreak, the resurrected Jesus appeared to them for the third time since he was risen from the dead. He instructed them to cast their net on the right side of the boat, whereupon they caught 153 fishes in the net.
3π =
9.424777960769379715387930149838508652591508198125317462924833776923449218858626995884104476026351203946444259539846919941281533828651746695176078224385443352350852308105815563316678933868846864791145893286432926997800338385426944701360349495813605727436945700770381045831362979944640180821780747423821173761019818946764524644562762888487762275146093103677771080033991591646461399564152440855824534828299171811097278775859276558352145797835379315355644
2233871398882487020556572581746736838145490358473895010200873219699292580641848391856742115721065395828311083116176515288795302571540244554030082153960017043814357906824833573140282733688275209115361644053227036748602904396487561131523768390677767706260598683363870658825921032544794408893243139298815561216340499999951189341498531791951984482889557850733783660407249079275669247600340551057857935645130300094135162586597625996251442618515330074419107947604712862664061934786885916470613627812558733455733415965136804198390057836298335877276492605967
It seems strange that Simon Peter firstly dresses, and then jumps into the sea (John 21:7). But recall the 276th word in the Hebrew Bible which is בימים (in the seas) Gen 1:22.
The six appearances of 153 in 3π begin at positions 17, 123, 443, 596, 645 and 888 after the decimal point.
the sixth appearance of 153 begins at position 888 after the decimal point
888 is the isopsephia value of ιησους ("Jesus")
the "Feynman Point" begins from position 762 in pi
beginning from position 762 within the decimal digits of the transcendental number e are the five digits 20868
20 + 868 = 888
the first occurrence of 762 in 3π is followed by the three digits 888
17 + 123 + 443 + 596 + 645 + 888 = 2712
"I came near unto one of them that stood by, and asked him the truth of all this. So he told me, and made me know the interpretation of the things." Dan 7:16
קרבת על חד מן קאמיא ויציבא אבעא מנה על כל דנה ואמר לי ופשר מליא יהודענני
205 81 586 40 247 59 50 100 95 74 119 152 90 12 100 702 = 2712
Dan 7:16 is verse number 21950 in the Bible
2 + 1 + 9 + 5 + 0 = 17
The miraculous catch of 153 has been depicted many times in art, and the boat on the water can be represented by an 18 piece jigsaw featuring familiar triangular numbers 153, 666, and 703. The triangular number 5778 is the 18th Lucas number and the golden ratio raised to the 18th power. Like 153 and 276, 5778 is also hexagonal. 5778 is one of only three 4 digit numbers to appear three times within the first 1000 digits of pi. The second and third occurrences are separated by the number 18.
3.14159...5778...7519577818577805321...
A similarly appropriate aquatic scene is possible using fewer jigsaw pieces to construct the 5778 jigsaw.
It's interesting that the 13 x 153 triangles total 1989, which are the final four of the first 1000 digits of pi (after the decimal point). In Dan 9:19, for thine own sake (למענך) has a gematria value of 210, which is another triangular number. On the Hebrew calendar, the year 5778 corresponds with 2017-2018 on the Gregorian calendar. The mere mention of dates is generally met with a chorus of disapproval, with the naysayers pointing to a familiar verse in the Bible:
"But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels of heaven, but my Father only." Mat 24:36
Sound advice, but this verse is also part of the pi narrative.
Mat 24:36 has an isopsephia value of 8696
the first four digits after the decimal point in π² are 8696
The first appearance of π in the scientific literature was in 1706 in a paper entitled Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos (A Summary of Mathematical Achievements) by William Jones of Britain. It is thought that he (Jones) chose π either because it is first letter of the word for periphery (περιφέρεια) or because it is the first letter of the word for perimeter (περίμετρος). Or perhaps because of both. The first word of Mat 24:36 (περι) also begins with the Greek letter π.
There are 22 letters in the Hebrew alphabet. The first occurrence of 22 in pi is followed by the three digits 317.
Remarkably, the first occurrence of 317 in phi (the golden ratio) also begins from position 137:
317 is the 66th prime number
137 is the 33rd prime number
66 + 33 = 99
In the original Greek New Testament, αμην (amen) has a numerical value of 99.
the word "amen" appears in 72 Bible verses (KJV) including the last word (Rev 22:21)
beginning from position 137 in e are the two digits 72
The word αμην (amen) is also translated as "verily" when it appears at the beginning of a discourse.
the word "verily" appears in 99 New Testament verses (KJV)
The number 317 can be partitioned as 31 and 7.
31 is the 11th prime number
7 is also prime, and the 7th star number is the following three digits, 253
253 is also the 22nd triangle number
317 is the 66th prime. In both pi and phi, the string 66 occurs once in the first 137 digits (beginning from positions 211 and 123 respectively.
211 - 123 = 88
In contrast, the string 66 occurs 6 times within the first 137 digits of e.
the first 6 66's in e begin from positions 31, 56, 69, 95, 104 and 129
31 + 56 + 69 + 95 + 104 + 129 = 22²
But why stop there? Repdigits are always interesting, and little fish are sweet. The 11th, 22nd, 33rd, 44th, 55th, 66th, 77th, 88th and 99th prime numbers are 31, 79, 137, 193, 257, 317, 389, 457 and 523 respectively.
the word "fish" appears in 31 Bible verses (KJV)
31 + 79 + 137 + 193 + 257 + 317 + 389 + 457 + 523 = 2383
2383 is the 354th prime number
beginning from position 354 in pi are the four digits 2590
"an hundred and fifty and three" (εκατον πεντηκοντατριων) from John 21:11 has a numerical value of 2590
The Miracle of The Catch of 153 Fish by Duccio, 14th century
The 153rd prime number is 883. Beginning from position 883 in pi are the 5 digits 42061, the 4398th prime number.
"If any man have ears to hear, let him hear." Mar 4:23
ει τις εχει ωτα ακουειν ακουετω
15 510 620 1101 556 1596 = 4398
Beginning from position 888 in pi (following 42061) are the four digits 7177.
the first occurrence of 917 in pi is followed by the three digits 153
Beginning from position 153 in pi is another repdigit, 111.
There are 153 Hebrew words in the first 12 Bible verses. The 12th prime number is 37, which is the common divisor of all three string repdigits. Within the 12th verse is the Bible's 137th word הארץ (haEretz, meaning "the earth").
הארץ ("the earth") has a gematria value of 296
2 + 9 + 6 = 17
153 is the 17th triangle number
the 296th Hebrew word in the Bible is ארץ (eretz, meaning "earth")
the word הארץ (haEretz, meaning "the earth") appears 935 times in the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible)
the word "Jesus" appears in 935 Bible verses (KJV)
The 935th Hebrew word in the Bible is הנחש (haNachash, meaning "the serpent"), when the woman said, The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat (Gen 3:13).
נחש ("serpent") has a gematria value of 358
משיח (Moshiach, meaning "Messiah") has a gematria value of 358
Gen 3:13 has 12 Hebrew words
the term "the serpent" appears in 12 Bible verses (KJV)
The guile of the serpent effectively ended the Edenic covenant, which was replaced by the Adamic covenant. The 358th Hebrew word in the Bible is ומלאו ("replenish"), when God said, Be fruitful.and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea ... (Gen 1:28).
The word נחש ("serpent") is Strongs H5175 which is translated 31 times in the Bible (KJV), the 11th prime number.
11 is the common divisor of all two string repdigits
Gen 1:28 has 22 Hebrew words consisting of 88 letters
The digits of 153 sum to 9. The "pi verse" in John's Gospel is the 9th appearance of "the serpent" in the Bible (KJV).
"And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up:" Joh 3:14
In the next verse, John continued:
"That whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal life." Joh 3:15
Pi And Jesus, The Messiah
Approximations of pi can also be located within the pi string itself (after the decimal point). The first ten digits of pi are not to be found within the first 2 billion digits after the decimal point, but the first appearance of 314159265 begins at position 1,660,042,751.
1 + 660 + 042 + 751 = 1454
"Oh that my people had hearkened unto me, and Israel had walked in my ways!" Psa 81:13
לו עמי שמע לי ישראל בדרכי יהלכו
71 236 541 40 410 120 36 = 1454
The first occurrence of 31415926 begins at position 50,366,472 after the decimal point in pi.
50 + 366 + 472 = 888
The first occurrence of 3141592 begins at position 25,198,140 after the decimal point in pi.
In Hebrew, "The Messiah" (המשיח) has a gematria value of 363
In Greek, "The Messiah" (ο Μεσσιας) has an isopsephia value of 2 x 363
Christ the Redeemer by Andrei Rublev (ca. 1410, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow).
The word "Messiah" appears twice in the Tanakh, and also twice ("Messias") in the New Testament.
"Messiah" appears in Dan 9:25 and Dan 9:26
"Messias" appears in John 1:41 and John 4:25
(9 x 25) + (9 x 26) + (1 x 41) + (4 x 25) = 600
The probability of finding a 9 digit string within a random string of 2 billion digits is about 86%, whilst the probability of finding a 10 digit string falls to 18%. The first 10 digits of pi (3141592653) don't appear within the first 2 billion digits of pi. The only 10 string repdigit to appear within the first 2 billion digits of pi is 6666666666, which begins at position 386,980,412 after the decimal point.
386 + 980 + 412 = 1778
"Ask thee a sign of the LORD thy God; ask it either in the depth, or in the height above." Isa 7:11
שאל לך אות מעם יהוה אלהיך העמק שאלה או הגבה למעלה
175 15 7 336 215 66 26 150 407 50 331 = 1778
"Nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord." Rom 8:39
the isopsephia value of Rom 8:39 = 17982 = 27 x 666
As well as the famous number of the beast from Rev 13:18, 666 is also the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year. Strangely, the longest repdigit within the first 2 billion digits of pi indicates the relevant Bible verse:
3.14159 ... 6666666666914366 ...
The string of ten 6's beginning at position 386,980,412 after the decimal point in pi is shortly thereafter followed by repdigit 66. The intermediate four digits are 9143
the totient of 9143 = 8880
the first appearance of 8880 in pi begins at position 4752 after the decimal point
"Now the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was six hundred threescore and six talents of gold," 1 Ki 10:14
ויהי משקל הזהב אשר בא לשלמה בשנה אחת שש מאות ששים ושש ככר זהב
14 240 606 650 447 600 409 357 405 3 501 19 470 31 = 4752
the acronym of the phrase six hundred threescore and six talents (שש מאות ששים ושש ככר) has a gematria value of 666
Rev 13:18 (verse #30927) appears 21,833 verses after 1 Ki 10:14 (verse #9094).
2 x 1 x 8 x 3 x 3 = 144
In the Book of Revelation, 144,000 are the number who will receive the seal of God: 12,000 from each of the tribes of Juda, Reuben, Gad, Aser, Nepthalim, Manasses, Simeon, Levi, Issachar, Zabulon, Joseph and Benjamin (Rev 7:5-8). With a slight grammatical modification (you be the judge), the nominative spelling of these twelve tribes sums to 8880.
The seal of God that will protect the 144,000 chosen is associated with the mark (אות) that protected Cain from his pursuers in Gen 4:15. This Hebrew word owth Strongs H226 is translated a total of 79 times in the Bible as signs, tokens, miracle or mark. The equivalent word in the Aramaic sections of the Tanakh is את, Strongs H853 (aleph tav, the first and last of the 22 letter Hebrew alphabet).
את has a gematria value of 401
79 is the 22nd prime number
the word "signs" appears in 22 New Testament verse (KJV)
The Aramaic word את ("signs") is translated three times in the Bible, all in the Book of Daniel. The first of these is the words spoken by Nebuchadnezzar in Dan 4:2.
"I thought it good to shew the signs and wonders that the high God hath wrought toward me."
אתיא ותמהיא די עבד עמי אלהא עליא עלאה שפר קדמי להחויה
64 154 580 106 111 37 120 76 14 462 412 = 2136
the first three words אתיא ותמהיא די (signs and wonders) have a gematria value of 888
the sixth (אלהא) and eleventh (להחויה) words meaning "God" and "to shew" have gematria values of 37 and 64 respectively
37 x 64 = 2368
2368 is the isopsephia value of Ιησους Χριστος ("Jesus Christ")
"How great are his signs! and how mighty are his wonders! his kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and his dominion is from generation to generation." Dan 4:3
Will the circle be unbroken
By and by, by and by?
Is a better home awaiting
In the sky, in the sky?
robslattery5@gmail.com


Just like its big brother in Les Halles, Le Zango in the rue Daguerrevous in Paris' 14th arrondissement (Metro Denfert Rochereau) provides a softly lit and warm and colourful setting full of striking wood and brass and will transport you to far away lands. Embark on a culinary journey with dishes like duck wings with honey and thyme, tagines of knuckle of lamb with lemon confit and for dessert a mango lassis. As well as a restaurant, Le Zango also houses a library of travel guides and large maps and plays host to many cultural events including music, painting and photography.


The benefit of living 2 miles from University Village is that you can easily spend a lot of time there. Back in May, I noticed that Teavana had moved out and there were signs for 'Katalyst Fitness Coming Soon'. You know I stopped in my tracks and immediately Googled it. To say I was excited when I read about 'more efficient' workouts and '20 minutes' with 'Electronic Muscle Stimulation' would be an understatement. The only thing I was upset about was that to I could not check out classes immediately and didn't know when they were scheduled to open. Fortunately I am at UVillage 2-3 times a week so it was easy for me to pop over to see if they were open.
So I was excited when I noticed they had opened their doors and even more excited to hear the first session is free. It took me awhile to find time in the schedule to make it work so I had already heard from a few friends who had tried it. I asked them if they liked it and what it was like. Strangely enough, everyone kept saying the same thing, "You have to just try it. I can't really explain it." I was curious and intrigued that everyone kept saying these same two things. Now that I've experienced a session, I fully understand why everyone kept saying that.
You know I don't workout without a friend or a member of the Fit Squad so I asked Rosalie and Kenzie to try out Katalyst with me. Fortunately, they are always up for anything and were happy to try something different. When I walked down the sidewalk towards the studio, I was greeted by two friendly team members who were standing outside. Once I let them know I had an appointment, they had me check in at the desk which was staffed with 3 team members who were ready to help us out.
Lacey, who is a certified trainer and fitness coach, was my coach for the session. She was friendly and immediately engaging. The session starts with a sit down question and answer period. It gives the coach an opportunity to ask questions about your fitness routine and your goals and then gives you an opportunity to ask any questions you may have.
We spent about 10-15 minutes chatting and then moved onto the 'weigh in' as I call it. It's not really a weigh in, but more of a baseline measurement of all the key metrics that Katalyst uses to track progress. They use the InBody Scope machine which looks like the scale at the doctor's office but comes with handle bars that you hold. Once you input your age and height, The machine pulls all your metrics - weight, BMI and skeletal muscle mass. It even pulls how much water and muscle weight you have and measures the muscle mass and weight in your right arm vs. your left arm; right leg vs. left leg. Pretty cool and also interesting to see that in some cases, you really are stronger on one side than the other. This is also how Katalyst tracks progress. Ideally you would check in every 4-6 weeks and see progress in those numbers. Their focus is on your 'Skeletal Muscle Mass' and seeing that number improve over time.
Then comes the next part - the suit up. Lacey had the suit laid out on the counter and one of the other team members was spraying it down with water. Lacey explained how the suit was set up (think bullet proof vest with legs, with lots of Velcro and some wires). She also explained that the muscle mechanics work better when the suit is wet which is why they spray it down right before you put it on. Then came the part I was NOT prepared for. She handed me small package which is the body suit. It's ultimately a short sleeved t-shirt and shorts that are made out of a thin fiber-y fabric. It reminded me of a lighter version of long underwear. But they ask you to put on JUST the body suit. Nothing underneath it. And when I say nothing they mean NOTHING. No sports bra, no underwear, nothing. I think the three of us asked 4 or 5 times if they really meant nothing. I was not prepared for this and not sure.
They led us to the back dressing room which is a nice area with cubbies, 3 dressing rooms and a restroom. We changed into our body suits and spent a good 5 minutes laughing at ourselves before we felt comfortable walking out to meet our coaches. That's when the team suits you up. The idea is to get the suit on as tight as possible so they adjust all the straps before they clip the top and bottom onto you. It was a bit of a shock when the suit first comes on - it's wet and cold but then the process of strapping you isn't too bad. Lacey adjusted as needed and made sure it was tight enough but not too tight. Then there are two bicep bands that she straps on and clips to the vest. It was not as uncomfortable as you would think.
We then walk over to one of the stations. The studio is set up with three stations so Kenzie, Rosalie and I were able to work out at the same time in our individual stations. Each station is set up with a computer, wooden bar and a small table holding a bunch of rolled up towels. These towels would serve as "weights" and not for wiping the sweat off as I originally thought.
The computer is set up with a bunch of knobs at the bottom of the screen. These knobs control the amount of muscle stimulation in each area - back, abs, hamstrings, gluts and arms. Throughout the workout, Lacey would watch me and adjust as needed. The first thing Lacey did was explain the workout to me. It is a full 20 minute session - 4 seconds off, 4 seconds on. It only took the first 3 rounds for me to realize that I was naive to think, "4 seconds!? How can this be a workout?!" She starts you off in the base/starting position which is ultimately a squat with a bicep curl. She had me try out this position and then started by stimulating my hamstrings, adding my gluts, adding my core, etc. until all areas were 'on'. I cannot explain the sensation. It's almost a cross between a shock, a major vibration and tickling throughout your entire body. But it got even more interesting.
Lacey worked me through a series of exercises. None of them were new - think squats, lunges, tricep kick backs, bicep curls. But they felt SO strange. The idea was to be in position as the 4 second work period started. Once the muscle stimulation started, you had to work through the exercise for 4 seconds. Depending on the strength of the stimulation and the workout, it was hard in a way I cannot explain. The most interesting part of the workout is not being able to reconcile how it feels with the concept that you're not holding any weights or nothing is pushing against you to cause the unexpected resistance. The punches were the hardest for me. The idea was to literally just do 4 seconds of quick punches. But because of the muscles that are being stimulated, the simple concept of punching was nearly impossible. For most of the rounds, my left arm (which is clearly weaker than my right) could not punch out straight. Whenever I tried, it would lock up into this weird C position. It was a little scary to know your brain was telling your body to do something and it was doing something entirely different.
Unlike other workouts, it didn't actually feel like a workout during the session. For the majority of the workout, I could not stop laughing because it was so hard to get over the strange sensation of the stimulation and how ridiculous some of the simple exercises felt. After the 20 minute session, Lacey had me change into my regular clothes and go through a post session analysis where she asks a few questions about the experience. She also reminded me that I should drink a lot of water and keep moving. Although it's a 20 minute session, leave yourself about an hour.
The most memorable part of this workout actually had nothing to do with the workout but what happened afterwards.
Day 1 Post Workout - The morning after, the text messages started early. Rosalie, Kenzie and I were already feeling it in ways that we had never felt. As Kenzie put it 'I've never felt this before!!' and we all work hard, play hard so you know this means something. For me, it started with my biceps and triceps. I literally could not lift up the phone to text without groaning. And throughout the day, it became more and more noticeable. I took a cycling class that morning and at the time, it seemed like the best workout given my arms were so tender but I'm not sure this was the right call.
Day 2 Post Workout - How is it even possible? The pain was worse on Day 2. By A LOT. My gluts and hamstrings were SO SORE. It's hard to know if it was just the Katalyst workout or the combo of cycling and Katalyst. But my muscles were so sore that when I went to get a massage that night, my muscles were tender to the touch. It HURT and not in the satisfied, I worked hard, sore kind of way. It hurt in a way where I wondered if I had done something wrong or maybe seriously injured myself in some way. I was actually pretty concerned that I would be in pain for awhile. So I put in some extra time foam rolling and planned to have a rest day the next day.
Day 3 Post Workout - Day 3 was the worst. I was in so much pain that the minute I woke up, I knew I was in trouble. Rolling over to get out of bed was not comfortable or easy. I spent most of the day walking awkwardly (yes, it hurt to walk!!) and sitting down meant lost of wincing, cringing and groaning. It HURT to sit. I essentially spent my Rest Day standing because even laying down was challenging. I tried to foam roll and everything about it was so uncomfortable I gave up.
But somehow, on Day 4, I was much better. It was almost like someone had flipped a switch. I was feeling better by the night of Day 3 but by Day 4, I was feeling 75% - 80% better. I'm still in a bit of shock over how it all happened. I have never been in that much pain for that long post workout. My guess is that it was such a different workout and my muscles had been stimulated in such a new way that they were in 'shock' themselves.
All in all, I don't know that EMS is the workout for me. While the post workout pain was memorable, the workout itself doesn't provide the same adrenaline rush you get from riding to the beat in a cycling class or sweating through your shirt in a Tabata class. It doesn't provide the same level of satisfaction you get from shaking through a pilates class either. And because the session is based on a one on one coaching model, it doesn't allow for the sense of community or energy you get from working out in a room full of people. And you guys know how much I love my Fit Squad.
While it may have not filled all the requirements for me, t I can see how this workout is perfect for someone who needs an efficient workout, does not have a lot of time and is cautious of their joints and long term health. I can also see how it can become a bit like therapy as you develop a relationship with your coach. I wanted to pull up a chair and open up a bottle of wine with Lacey and that was only after knowing her for an hour!


text:
Q: Construct function with special decay Let $r,R>0$ such that $R>2r$. I want to construct a twice differentiable function $f=f_{r,R}$ so that
\begin{align}
f(x)=
\begin{cases}
0, 0<|x|<r\\
1, 2r<|x|<R\\
0, |x|>2R
\end{cases}
\end{align}
and
\begin{align}
|f'(r)|\leq
\begin{cases}
\frac{1}{r} \text{  if } r<|x|<2r\\
\frac{1}{R} \text{ if } |x|\geq 2r
\end{cases}
\end{align}
and
\begin{align}
|f''(r)|\leq
\begin{cases}
\frac{1}{r^2} \text{  if } r<|x|<2r\\
\frac{1}{R^2} \text{ if } |x|\geq 2r.
\end{cases}
\end{align}
On $(2r,R)$ the derivatives obviously fulfil the estimates. Now, e.g. on $(R,2R)$ I thought I might glue some $\log$ function, so take for example $f(x)=1$ on $(R,R+\varepsilon)$ and $f(x)=\log\left((2R_2-x)\frac{e}{R_2}\right)$ on $(R+\varepsilon,2R)$ for $\varepsilon >0$ small. At least all conditions in $R_2$ are fulfilled. Now the function should be zero in $(2R-\varepsilon, 2R)$. Any suggestions how I can modify the $\log$ part? The part $(r,2r)$ should then be similar.

A: If such a function $f$ existed on the reals, that would mean $f(R) = 1$ and $f(2R) = 0$. Since $f$ is twice differentiable, the first derivative of $f$ is continuous. We also know by continuity of the first derivative that $f'(R) = 0$ because $f$ is constant on $(2r,R)$.
Consider the first order Taylor expansion $P_1(x)$ of $f$ around $x = R$: we see that $$P_1(x) = 1 + 0(x-R) \implies P_1(2R) = 1.$$
Taylor's theorem (Lagrange form) for the remainder (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor%27s_theorem) applied on the interval $[R,2R]$ says that for $c = \sup_{x \in [R,2R]}|f''(x)|,$
$$|P_1(2R) - f(2R)| \leq \frac{c(2R-R)^2}{2!} \leq \frac{1}{R^2}R^2\frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{2}.$$
This is bad since this means $f(2R) \geq \frac{1}{2}$. There are either some continuity assumptions that are missing, or you need to let your function decay over a greater distance.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Antoni Maria Roman Nowak – biskup
 Antoni Nowak – lekkoatleta
 Antoni Nowak – senator II Rzeczypospolitej, rolnik
 Antoni Jozafat Nowak – śląski duchowny

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The University of Liverpool is a public university based in the city of Liverpool, England. Founded in 1881 as auniversity college, it is also one of the six original "red brick" civic universities. It comprises three faculties organised into 35 departments and schools.
The Stephenson Institute for renewable energy research is developing clean and sustainable energy technologies including hydrogen generation and storage, solar harvesting, wind and marine energy and fusion technology.The Institute allows students and postgraduates to work on energy-related projects and technologies providing them with relevant skills and knowledge to meet the UK and global demand for graduates in this emerging job market.The team is also recruiting 10 world-class scientists to join existing research groups in Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science and Engineering. The recruitment underlines the University's priorities for future research and represents a major investment by the institution.The institute will also develop expert networks, including policy-makers and management, to highlight global energy and sustainability issues.
University of Liverpool website
University of Liverpool The Foundation Building Liverpool L69 7ZX
Mark Bowden
mark.bowden@liverpool.ac.uk


text:
Woodland Township, New Jersey facts for kids
Woodland Township, New Jersey
Township of Woodland
Savoy Boulevard through the Pine Barrens in Woodland Township
Woodland Township highlighted in Burlington County. Inset map: Burlington County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of Woodland Township, New Jersey
Coordinates: 39°50′29″N 74°31′04″W / 39.841289°N 74.51774°W / 39.841289; -74.51774Coordinates: 39°50′29″N 74°31′04″W / 39.841289°N 74.51774°W / 39.841289; -74.51774
94.45 sq mi (244.61 km2)
1.81 sq mi (4.68 km2) 1.91%
7th of 565 in state
2nd of 40 in county
118 ft (36 m)
499th of 566 in state
35th of 40 in county
18.9/sq mi (7.3/km2)
563rd of 566 in state
UTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
08019 - Chatsworth
Woodland Township is a township in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 1,788 reflecting an increase of 618 (+52.8%) from the 1,170 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 893 (-43.3%) from the 2,063 counted in the 1990 Census.
Woodland was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 7, 1866, from portions of Pemberton Township, Shamong Township, Southampton Township and Washington Township. Portions of the township were taken to form Tabernacle Township on March 22, 1901.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 96.385 square miles (249.638 km2), including 94.558 square miles (244.905 km2) of land and 1.827 square miles (4.733 km2) of water (1.90%).
The township borders Bass River Township, Pemberton Township, Southampton Township, Tabernacle Township, Washington Township in Burlington County; and Barnegat Township, Lacey Township, Little Egg Harbor Township and Manchester Township in Ocean County.
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Bullock, Butlers Place, Chatsworth (the postal address for most of the residents of the township), DeCou Pond, Dukes Bridge, Four Mile Goose Pond, Hedger House, Johnson Place, Jones Mill, Lebanon, Long Causeway, Old Halfway, South Park and Woodmansie.
The township is one of 56 South Jersey municipalities that are included within the New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve, a protected natural area of unique ecology covering 1,100,000 acres (450,000 ha), that has been classified as a United States Biosphere Reserve and established by Congress in 1978 as the nation's first National Reserve. All of the township is included in the state-designated Pinelands Area, which includes portions of Burlington County, along with areas in Atlantic, Camden, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester and Ocean counties.
1880 325 −16.5%
1890 327 0.6%
1970 2,032 6.7%
2019 (est.) 1,768 −1.1%
Population sources:1870-2000
1870-1920 1870 1880-1890
1930-1990 2000 2010
* = Lost territory in previous decade.
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,788 people, 476 households, and 359 families residing in the township. The population density was 18.9 per square mile (7.3/km2). There were 494 housing units at an average density of 5.2 per square mile (2.0/km2)*. The racial makeup of the township was 89.60% (1,602) White, 8.11% (145) Black or African American, 0.06% (1) Native American, 0.84% (15) Asian, 0.00% (0) Pacific Islander, 0.45% (8) from other races, and 0.95% (17) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.81% (86) of the population.
There were 476 households out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.7% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.6% were non-families. 17.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.14.
In the township, the population was spread out with 20.2% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 37.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.3 years. For every 100 females there were 152.9 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and old there were 166.0 males.
The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $65,568 (with a margin of error of +/- $16,290) and the median family income was $96,875 (+/- $31,126). Males had a median income of $61,250 (+/- $11,359) versus $33,393 (+/- $4,757) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $33,552 (+/- $5,866). About 4.9% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.6% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 1,170 people, 425 households, and 323 families residing in the township. The population density was 12.2 people per square mile (4.7/km2). There were 448 housing units at an average density of 4.7 per square mile (1.8/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 98.03% White, 0.60% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.17% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.20% of the population.
There were 425 households, out of which 35.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.5% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.0% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.15.
In the township the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.9 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $59,271, and the median income for a family was $65,972. Males had a median income of $43,654 versus $31,765 for females. The per capita income for the township was $26,126. About 2.0% of families and 2.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.9% of those under age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over.
As of May 2010[update], the township had a total of 73.73 miles (118.66 km) of roadways, of which 44.75 miles (72.02 km) were maintained by the municipality, 15.47 miles (24.90 km) by Burlington County and 13.51 miles (21.74 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
Only two major state and county routes pass through Woodland. Route 70 runs along the northwestern border while Route 72 travels from the northwest to the southeast. CR 532 and CR 563 also pass through and intersect with each other in Chatsworth. Four Mile Circle is a traffic circle located at the junction of Route 70, Route 72, Buddtown Road (County Route 644), and New Lisbon Road (County Route 646).
The Garden State Parkway is accessible outside the township in neighboring Lacey, Barnegat, Stafford, Little Egg Harbor, and Bass River Townships.
Woodland Township School District's 2014–15 School Report Card from the New Jersey Department of Education
Pemberton Township Manchester Township
Tabernacle Township Lacey Township
Woodland Township
Washington Township Stafford Township
Barnegat Township
Bass River Township
Little Egg Harbor Township
The Woodland Township School District serves students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade at Chatsworth Elementary School. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 131 students and 16.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 7.8:1. In the 2016–17 school year, Woodland had the 24th smallest enrollment of any school district in the state, with 147 students.
Public school students from Woodland Township in ninth through twelfth grades attend Seneca High School, located in Tabernacle Township, which also serves students from Shamong Township, Southampton Township and Tabernacle Townships. The school is part of the Lenape Regional High School District, which also serves students from Evesham Township, Medford Lakes, Medford Township and Mount Laurel Township at Shawnee High School. As of the 2018–19 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 1,137 students and 109.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.4:1.
Students from Woodland Township, and from all of Burlington County, are eligible to attend the Burlington County Institute of Technology, a countywide public school district that serves the vocational and technical education needs of students at the high school and post-secondary level at its campuses in Medford and Westampton Township.
Route 72 at Route 70 in Woodland Township
Woodland Township, New Jersey Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


Students will learn the art of selecting, sizing, handling, sanding, and storing veneering to assure quality and consistency of finished products, minimize sand-through, and other rejects, increasing production yield and profitability. The course begins with identifying wood types & their properties, including how veneer is made to better understand the behavior of wood then progresses to instruction on how to translate veneer design into measureable specifications. This introduction teaches to what to look for when purchasing veneer including understanding veneer grades, and characteristics by species for both face grades and backer materials, and addresses the various types of cuts and pattern matching. Hands-on instruction advances to equipment and proper procedures for clipping, cutting/veneer guillotines, splicing/jointing veneers, and wide belt sanding including abrasive types, grit selection and belt sequencing. Additional instruction includes pressing & gluing veneer, and addresses substrates, types of glue, types of lay-ups, press types, cycle times, removal of unwanted natural characteristics and final inspection, and repair of veneer.
Understand veneering and veneering practices. Recognize veneer quality standards and specifications. Apply proven conditioning and fabrication techniques. Optimize machinery for specific processes. Demonstrate efficient veneer sanding and finishing procedures. Troubleshoot veneer results.


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Biografia
La passione di Vettori per l'illustrazione risale ai tempi dei suoi studi da geometra. Nel 1972 inizia a essere attratto dal soggetto delle formiche, che diventerà presto la sua cifra stilistica. Le formiche, in effetti, consentivano di coniugare l'interesse di Vettori per il dettaglio con la possibilità di moltiplicare i personaggi all'interno di una stessa scena.

Dopo aver partecipato nel 1981 ad un primo concorso di grafica, nel 1982 Vettori allestisce la sua prima mostra personale. Negli anni seguenti il successo dell'idea alla base delle sue raffigurazioni indusse Vettori a iniziare la commercializzazione di poster e biglietti d'auguri raffiguranti le formiche. Nel 1995 fonda a Trento un'impresa finalizzata proprio alla distribuzione del merchandising correlato alla sua produzione artistica e nel 2004 apre un primo negozio monomarca. Nel frattempo  il suo catalogo si è arricchito di nuovi soggetti e articoli

Dal 2000 Fabio Vettori fa parte del Consorzio Artigiano Artistico e di Qualità Trentino, che si occupa della promozione e commercializzazione dei prodotti artigianali trentini. Nel 2003 ha pubblicato il suo primo libro "Un Mondo di Formiche", nel quale racconta il mondo fantastico delle sue formiche attraverso illustrazioni e parole, in collaborazione con il critico Maurizio Scudiero. Nel 2009 realizza per Mariella Nava il video del suo nuovo singolo Sorridi sorridi dove Mariella interagisce con le sue formiche.

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni


In Fall 2017, BMCC students who envision a career teaching music or performing can enroll in the College's new Associate in Science (A.S.) program in Music, with specializations in Music Studies and Music Performance that articulate to the Bachelor of Science in Music program at Lehman College, as well as a specialization in Music Education.
According to a proposal submitted by BMCC to the New York State Education Department, the Music program will educate students in the fundamentals of music, and in specialized topics in music education and music performance. The curriculum will encompass basics of music theory, keyboard skills, ear training and sight singing. Each concentration, while offering a different focus, will produce graduates who are better equipped to compete with others in the field.
Music majors at BMCC will benefit from a wide range of facilities to support their work, including 16 practice rooms for chorus and voice, the Art and Rita Siegel Piano Lab, which provides 24 electronic keyboards, and classrooms with Steinway grand pianos. They will also have access to a comprehensive collection of percussive and string instruments, unique sets of instruments from Bali and more.
Past music students at BMCC have won national contests and performed widely. They are mentored by BMCC's accomplished Music faculty, who guide students as they audition for and perform with well-established ensembles including the Downtown Symphony, Downtown Chorus and BMCC Select Chorus, String Ensemble and Flute Choir.
Fitore Mehmetaj, a 2017 BMCC alumna and mezzo-soprano who graduated before the A.S. in Music program was created, nonetheless availed herself of the Music courses and performance practice opportunities at BMCC. "The best voice teachers of my life are here," says Mehmetaj, who also learned digital music software at BMCC and whose composition, "Themes and Variations," for cello and piano, was performed in the 2017 Composers Now Festival at BMCC's Shirley Fiterman Art Center. "I have met so many amazing artists through these experiences," she says.
Auditions for the Fall 2017 Music Program will be held August 18 in Fiterman Hall, 11th floor. For more information, contact Professor Robert Reed at roreed@bmcc.cuny.edu or Music and Art Chair Eugenia Yau, at eyau@bmcc.cuny.edu.


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Chris Hemsworth is just as excited as the rest of us about the upcoming release of Avengers: Age of Ultron. but shooting the film was a particular challenge for him as the God of Thunder.
As for the script for the new Avengers flick, he promises more of what we loved about the first film.
Sometimes ensemble films bring in characters that really don't have much to do, the audience just expects them to be there. If they were missing, there would be questions about why they were absent. Chris Hemsworth says that writer/director Joss Whedon avoided that pitfall.
But what about the end of the series?
Hemsworth says that an ending for the Avengers series is planned. It's not going to go on forever. But apparently neither he nor any of the others know what that plan is. The good news is, it will be a while before it happens.


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Home›Money Management›How the first black cruise experience aims to resurface at sea after the pandemic
How the first black cruise experience aims to resurface at sea after the pandemic
Couple on a mountain cruise experience.
Friends of Festival at Sea, a luxury cruise segment focused on small groups traveling to global destinations, was due to make two trips to Southeast Asia and Southern Africa before the pandemic. Like many cruise lines, when its parent company Blue world travel led by founder Patricia Yarbrough learned of new outbreaks overseas, after working with clients to reschedule flights, routes, etc., the organization has adapted to new travel destinations with a hope in sight.
However, as cases of Covid-19 skyrocketed and news broke regarding the breaks of entities like the International Association of Cruise Lines (CLIA)—With over 50 member cruise lines, representing over 95% of the global cruise industry — Festival at Sea had to change its plans and decided to suspend all cruise travel. Blue World Travel Founder Yarbrough shares: "As a result of these cancellations, on Friday March 13, 2020, the world as we know it has changed dramatically."
Festival at Sea had less than a day to digitize its agency's operations and switch to remote work. "In less than 24 hours, our Marketing Director, Anthony Gould, was able to purchase laptops for staff and install video and Slack telecommunications devices for work. We instituted daily online office meetings to make sure we were always able to take good care of our clients. The most difficult adjustment was a huge number of emails that had to be distributed among the employees to answer questions about whether the summer cruise was going to be canceled and what would happen to their deposits, " explains Yarbrough.
During this period, the organization was able to effectively transfer over 1,800 passengers on its next departure. Below, this founder shares more of her agency's journey through the pandemic and plans to reopen the doors in the coming months.
Keeping its doors open amid the pandemic
Data Describing States with the Largest Declines in Early Early Black Business Owners … [+] stages of the pandemic.
Courtesy of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York
Reports indicate that about 41% black-owned businesses may not be able to survive the pandemic. Yarbrough expresses: "As I look back on my 43 years in business, nothing like this has ever happened before in this country. "
Fortunately, the founder attributes her ability to perpetuate the business to a few key elements:
Have working capital. With a 43-year-old agency, the founder created an emergency funding pool to address unforeseen situations.
Have good banking relationships. The agency's banking relationships and its extensive line of credit at the time the pandemic began also helped a lot. Along with these relationships, "the staff responsible for accounting and overseeing accurate documentation has made a world of wonders," says the founder.
Ask for help. Like many organizations, Blue World Travel agency requested PPP loans when they became available. The agency also applied for and received grants through means such as the Small Business Administration (SBA). The organization's strong accounting history has allowed it to quickly pivot to support loan and grant applications.
Ensure ongoing relationships with customers. By offering a virtual Festival at Sea cruise (FAS), the agency has been able to maintain the 29-year-old spirit of the cruise company. "We were able to stay in touch with our cruise lines by presenting a series of Festival at Sea online events during our postponed cruise week. We featured events via Facebook and Instagram such as our signature Bon Voyage Party, comedy show, worship service, Gospel Jazz brunch and cooking demo, business networking event for women and a farewell party at the pool, "explained Gould, Director of Marketing. These events served to remind clients of the agency's brand and spark interest for the following year.
Take precautions when launching cruises after the pandemic
"We know that many people are looking for a safe return trip. Right now we have three different cruises: Festival at Sea 30th Anniversary, Friends of Festival at Sea Bahamas and Friends of Festival at Sea Southern Africa, "Yarborough shares.
Coronavirus pandemic travel restrictions evolve for domestic and international travel to the United States … [+] citizens.
Currently, cruise passengers have not yet returned to sea shipping and are navigating the implementation of changes that will be part of the new experience. The CDC is currently leading the charge of the directives implemented to ensure the safety of cruisers. In November 2020, the CDC framework for conditional navigation order, has applied strict Covid-19 protocols to allow organizations to resume navigation. This included rigorous testing in the months leading up to vaccine deployment. However, now that a vaccine has arrived, some cruise lines are announcing that they require passengers to be vaccinated before going to sea.
Yarborough also shares this sentiment: "We think vaccinations will be part of some cruises soon. In fact, our friends' sailing in the Bahamas in October 2021 will be a fully vaccinated trip. She went on to share, "There have been discussions nationwide about whether African Americans would actually participate in receiving Covid-19 vaccines in large numbers. Our organization wants to make sure people are aware that vaccinations can be the key to our ability to return to some form of normalcy. "
During International Women's Day, Blue World Travel sent a special email to guests highlighting the role 3 African American women have played in the vaccination movement. Dr. Kizzmekia S. Corbett, a 35-year-old African-American viral immunologist who is the lead scientist on the team that developed the Moderna vaccine. Sandra Lindsay, the first person in the United States and African American to receive the Covid-19 vaccine outside of initial trials. Finally, Loney Clinton Gordon who, in the 1940s, contributed to the discovery of a bacterial culture virulent enough to make a vaccine against whooping cough. The agency hopes the messages will encourage more people to get vaccinated to allow a safe return to sea.
Blue World Travel's Unique Post-Pandemic Cruises
The first Black cruise experience celebrates its 30th anniversary with three culturally inspired cruises. These cruises include:
Friends of the Festival at Sea Bahamas Sailing. The Friends of Festival at Sea program is for groups who appreciate the luxury cruise experience. These groups sail to unique destinations around the world on some of the best luxury cruise lines. These are "all-inclusive" cruises, not full ship charters, but they provide attendees with an intimate forum to celebrate African American heritage and travel to destinations that inspire the exploration of cultures around the world. Friends is launching a fully vaccinated luxury cruise aboard the Crystal Serenity to Nassau, Bimini, Harbor Island, Great Exuma, San Salvador and Long Island.
30th anniversary at sea festival. After launching the first Festival of Sea voyage in 1992, Blue World Travel chartered an entire ship each year to create an onboard environment conducive to black culture and camaraderie. By celebrating family, music, dance, religion, comedy, literature, art and more, guests can explore their African roots. It has become the most popular African American cultural cruise in the United States. The 30th anniversary navigation will take place in July 2022.
Friends of Festival at Sea Southern Africa Sailing. Blue World Travel's third trip in December 2022 will be to South Africa, Namibia and Mozambique. On a 15-night trip, passengers of African descent will have the opportunity to return to their homeland to connect with the African diaspora. It has always been an important destination for Blue World Travel customers, as identified by customer surveys.
Senior couple shopping on the waterfront in Cape Town, South Africa.
The entrepreneur's hope for the future of cruise travel
"Your integrity is more important than your wealth. Always take care of your customers first, "says Yarbrough, founder of Blue World Travel.
When Blue World Travel's Festival at Sea Charter was canceled, the agency ensured all customers knew their deposits and payments were secure. Immediate notifications were extended and full refunds provided, guests praised the agency for the way their funds were protected and returned to them.
Yarbrough shares: "To put it simply, this pandemic was a test of the strength and integrity of our business. As a result, we are seeing an influx of business from people planning future cruises and vacations. As we explore new territory, we hope that collectively, as an industry, we can effectively make cruise travel safe for all passengers for years to come. "
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Josh Donaldson Signs With the Minnesota Twins
LAKE BUENA VISTA, FLORIDA - FEBRUARY 22: Josh Donaldson #20 of the Atlanta Braves poses during photo days at Champion Stadium on February 22, 2019 in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. (Photo by Rob Carr/Getty Images)
Josh Donaldson, the 2019 National League Comeback Player of the Year, has cashed in on his bounce-back year. The Minnesota Twins have signed Donaldson to a reported four-year contract worth 92 million dollars with a fifth-year option.
Donaldson's contract is 4 yrs, $92M with a fifth-year option. #Twins
2019 Rebound
Donaldson settled for a one year prove-it deal in 2019 with the Atlanta Braves after an injury riddled 2018. He got off to a slow start, hitting only seven home runs in April and May. Once the weather heated up, however, so did Donaldson. The second half of the season saw Donaldson slash a ridiculous .270/.402/.556 with 19 home runs.
His defense also returned to an elite level as his dWAR was 1.7, which brought his overall WAR to a robust 6.1. Donaldson, even with a couple of MVP-like teammates, finished 11th in NL MVP voting.
Finally, Donaldson put to rest some durability concerns to rest with a very full 2019. For the first time since 2016, he played 155 games and looked fully healthy once again. Overall, Donaldson proved to be an immense value on his one year deal and now he lands the bigger deal he was looking for.
Josh Donaldson got a late start to his major league career as it took the slugger a few years to become a big league regular. He came up through the Oakland Athletics system as a catcher, but was quickly switched to third base once he actually reached full time status in 2013. That's when the breakout began. He joined the launch angle revolution and exploded for 24 home runs and a .301/.384/.499 slash line.
He would be traded to the Toronto Blue Jays two years later. That's when the full breakout took place. In 2015 he hit 41 home runs and drove in a league leading 123 RBI. He would win AL MVP and cement himself as one of the most dangerous hitters in the league.
In 2017, the injuries started to linger. Coming off an annoying hip injury in 2016, Donaldson injured his calf in April, limiting the third-baseman to only 113 games. The next season he suffered injuries to his shoulder, throwing arm and, again, his calf. The injuries, combined with his age (at this point 32), forced Donaldson to settle for a one year deal with his former GM, Alex Anthopolous, and the Braves.
Donaldson proved in 2019 that he can still be an elite player with both his offense and his defense. He profiles as a potent middle-of-the-order bat who is willing to take his share of walks. His opposite-field power will project well at Target Field.
Donaldson is yet another power bat added to the potent Twins lineup. Could this signing signal that a trade for a starting pitching upgrade is on the horizon?
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Alex has been watching baseball since he was three years old. Based out of Southern California, he is a student of the game who wants to share his passion with as many people as possible. Baseball is life, but he also finds time for his daughter, wife, two Frenchies and cooking Ramsay-esque meals.
Boston Red Sox, Alex Cora Mutually Part Ways After Involvement in Sign-Stealing Scandal


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