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Corporate ID & Brand, Marketing Collateral
The Santa Clara University LEAD Scholars Program was established in 2003 as a way to enhance the university's support of first-generation college students throughout their college career and after they have graduated. The program provides academic and vocational development opportunities, supportive advising, peer mentoring, and community building through a variety of courses, programs, and support networks.
For this project, we were asked to create a tri-fold brochure to send to all SCU Alumni as well as any potential donors. The brochure would explain to its recipients what the LEAD Scholars Program is, and why it's important to its members. The brochure would also include important calls to action since donations are one of LEAD's largest sources of funding.
We kept the design of this brochure clean and elegant, to give a more sophisticated tone to its recipients. We used imagery of the LEAD Scholars students having fun and working hard, so the alumni could visualize who their donations would be helping. This brochure was sent out as a mailer in 2018 and will be sent out in future years to come.
NA Splunk T-Shirt, Tumbler & Sticker Art
NetApp was looking for a "fun giveaway" for their trade show booth. So they looked to FineLine to create a…


Sometimes what gets in the way of us starting with something is that it seems too big, too daunting, too difficult – or we think we don't have enough time or we're going to hate doing it.
I've written about 'Mini Habits' as a strategy before – the '20 Minute Rule' is a variation on this theme.
By saying to ourselves that we're going to spend just 20 minutes on whatever the task is we're not making it onerous, we're keeping it short and simple and we're giving ourselves an 'out'.
Quite often we then surprise ourselves at just how much we can actually get done in just 20 minutes. Other times, just having made a start helps us feel better and more likely to either carry on or to go back and do some more later on.
20 minutes is also long enough to take a tea or coffee break and watch a TED Talk. I find these a rich source of ideas and entertainment, they're usually highly engaging and enjoyable, and a good way to keep up with what's going on in the world.
It's also long enough to take a stroll around the block for some (often much needed) fresh air, exercise and to clear the head.
Lots of people find that applying the '20 Minute Rule' in a different way helps them avoid acting on impulse.
Very often this allows time for a hunger pang or a craving to pass and we don't need to have whatever it was.
This also applies to when we've eaten a meal and think we're still hungry – research indicates that it takes about 20 minutes for food to reach our stomach and for the chemical reaction to let our brain know we're full. So waiting 20 minutes before going for 'seconds' can be a really effective strategy.
These days I wait 20 minutes and, if I still want it (which I do for about 1 in 10, by the way), then I buy it – saving the money I would have spent on the other 9 books.
I have a friend who does the same with clothes shopping – she sees something she likes and walks on further down the high street. If she really wants it she walks back to get it later – but very often she completely forgets – so that says it all, doesn't it?
I've known a similar strategy to work for people with gambling issues, preoccupation with checking social media and other addictive behaviour, too. And also for people who get very angry – to give themselves time to calm down and reflect before taking action which they might regret later on.
So next time you're tempted to do something that you know you might regret later on, think '20 minutes'.
Try taking a 20 minute stroll around the block or a 20 minute coffee break with a TED Talk now and again.


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AUTO MANUFACTURERS MISLEAD CONSUMERS ON WARRANTIES; BLUMENTHAL CALLS ON FTC TO CRACK DOWN AND CLARIFY RULES
(Hartford, CT) – In response to language from auto manufacturers that could mislead consumers into wrongfully believing that servicing cars outside dealerships might... Continue Reading
Blumenthal Urges New Ebola Czar To Adopt Connecticut Protocols
(Hartford, CT) - In a letter to newly appointed federal Ebola Czar Ron Klain, U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) Saturday urged federal health leaders to adopt... Continue Reading
Blumenthal Statement On Retirement Of GM General Counsel Michael Millikin
(Hartford, CT) - U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) today released the following statement after General Motors (GM) announced that its General Counsel Michael Millikin... Continue Reading
Blumenthal Calls On CDC To Adopt Connecticut's More Stringent Standards To Protect Public From Ebola
(Hartford, CT) - U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) today called on the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to adopt Connecticut's more stringent standards for... Continue Reading
BLUMENTHAL CALLS ON NATIONAL SCHOOL BOARDS ASSOCIATION TO END PLANNED PARTNERSHIP WITH BIG TOBACCO YOUTH TOBACCO PREVENTION PROGRAM
(Hartford, CT) – U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) today called on the National School Boards Association to abandon its planned partnership with the R.J.... Continue Reading
Release: Blumenthal Issues Statement On $105 Million Consent Decree Over AT&T Cramming Allegations
(Hartford, CT) - U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) issued the following statement today in response to a $105 million consent decree reached by the FCC, FTC and 50... Continue Reading
Blumenthal Statement On FCC Vote To End Federal Sports Blackout Rule
(Washington, DC) – U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) today released the following statement after the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) voted unanimously... Continue Reading
Blumenthal Unveils New Legislation To Expand And Improve Public Service Loan Forgiveness
(Hartford, CT) - U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) unveiled new legislation today to expand the existing Public Service Loan Forgiveness program, providing meaningful... Continue Reading
After Attending White House Event, Blumenthal Applauds Launch of Administration's "It's On Us" Public Awareness Campaign To Help Prevent Campus Sexual Assault
(Washington, D.C.) – U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) today attended the White House launch event for the "It's On Us" public awareness... Continue Reading
Blumenthal Statement On Senate Vote On Continuing Resolution, Authority To Train And Equip Moderate Syrian Opposition Forces
(Washington, D.C.) – U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) today released the following statement after voting in favor of the Continuing Resolution, which, in... Continue Reading
Blumenthal, Murphy Applaud Judiciary Committee Approval Of Victor Bolden To Be United States District Court Judge
(Washington, D.C.) – U.S. Senators Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) and Chris Murphy (D-Conn.) today released the following statement after the Senate Judiciary Committee... Continue Reading
Blumenthal, Murphy Applaud Confirmation Of CT Veterans Affairs Commissioner Linda Spoonster Schwartz
(Washington, DC) – Today, U.S. Sens. Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) and Chris Murphy (D-Conn.) applauded the confirmation of Connecticut Department of Veterans Affairs... Continue Reading
BLUMENTHAL STATEMENT ON NHTSA FAILURES AND GM FEINBERG COMPENSATION FUND INTERIM REPORT
WASHINGTON, DC – U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) today released the following statement in response to the New York Times exposé on the National Highway... Continue Reading
Blumenthal Statement On Administration Strategy To Counter ISIL
(Washington, DC) – U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) today released the following statement on Administration strategy to counter the Islamic State of Iraq and... Continue Reading
Blumenthal Statement On NFL Handling Of Ray Rice Video
(Washington, DC) – U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) today released the following statement after the Associated Press reported the NFL saw video in April of Ray... Continue Reading
In response to confirmed data breach at Home Depot stores, Blumenthal and Markey call for FTC investigation
(Washington, DC) – In a letter to Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Chairwoman Edith Ramirez, U.S. Senators Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) and Edward Markey (D-Mass.) today... Continue Reading
Blumenthal Calls on NFL to Issue Stiffer Penalty for Ravens Runningback Ray Rice
(Hartford, CT) – U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) today reiterated his call for the NFL and the Baltimore Ravens to increase the penalty on Ravens running back... Continue Reading
Blumenthal, Schumer To Introduce Comprehensive Legislation To Enforce And Enhance Rail Safety Following Series Of High Profile Catastrophes And Disruptions
(Hartford, CT) –U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) and U.S. Senator Charles E. Schumer (D-NY) announced today a comprehensive overhaul of rail safety... Continue Reading
BLUMENTHAL APPLAUDS CVS AS PHARMACY OFFICIALLY STOPS SELLING TOBACCO PRODUCTS IN ALL STORES
Hartford, CT – U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) today applauded CVS for officially ending the sale of tobacco products in all of its stores. CVS announced in... Continue Reading
NEW REPORT EXPOSES EXTENSIVE DELAYS IN DANBURY WOMEN'S PRISON RENOVATIONS; BLUMENTHAL, MURPHY, ORANGE IS THE NEW BLACK AUTHOR PIPER KERMAN TO CALL ON BUREAU OF PRISONS TO EXPEDITE TRANSITION AND MITIGATE HARM
Hartford, CT) - At 11:30 a.m. on Wednesday, September 3 U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) and U.S. Senator Chris Murphy (D-Conn.) will join "Orange is the New... Continue Reading

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T.L. Zalecki
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I saw her last night at the Lincoln Theater and this song, Sawdust and Diamonds, brought me to tears. Joanna Newsom is one of the my favorite musical artists. She's a badass rocker harpist who happens to look like a woodland fairy, and when you see her in person there's something ethereal about her as though she stepped through some portal from another land. She and all the musicians in the band played musical chairs last night, alternating between all sorts of instruments I couldn't even name, to create a magical performance.
One of my favorite things about her music is the lyrics. She's a true poet. This line is one of my favorites from the song:
I was all horns and thorns sprung out fully formed knock-kneed and upright
And this verse is beautiful:
then the slow lip of fire moves across the prairie with precision
while, somewhere, with your pliers and glue you make your first incision
and in a moment of almost-unbearable vision
doubled over with the hunger of lions
"hold me close," cooed the dove
who was stuffed now with sawdust and diamonds
Sawdust and Diamonds has a folksy, whimsical feel and for me evokes images of some fantastical medieval-pastoral setting. It was inspired when she read a fantasy novel, The Mists of Avalon, recommended by her best friend, which happened to have uncanny parallels to a dream she'd recently had. I found a summary of an article written about the parallels, but could not find the actual article, which I think is archived in the Boston Herald. I love, of course, how she turns into a mermaid at the end. =)
You may be more interested in the lengthy excerpt below if you listen to the song. Or, do yourself a favor, and just listen to the Ys, the album it's on. Her songs are meandering, and don't build in the same sort of way pop songs do, but if you take the time to listen, it is such a reward.
"…The last element of Newsom's magnum opus to arrive was its title. Newsom spent a long time fishing for a name that would encapsulate the spirit of the project. One night she dreamed about the title, a swirling reverie that featured the letters Y and S smashing together in unusual combinations. Afterwards she began searching for a single-syllable word that bluntly combined the two letters. At the same time, Newsom also finally got around to reading the fantasy novel on her nightstand, which happened to be her best friend's favorite book. She thought the novel might be cheesy, but she loved it. And one night, there it was: a passage about a seaside castle that had been raised 'by the magic of the ancient folk of Ys.'
"Et voila–Newsom had found her title. Ys is a lost city immortalized in the folklore of Brittany, a region that lies along the northwest coast of France. As Newsom read more deeply into the legend, things got a little spookier. Here, in a nutshell, is one version of the tale: Dahut, the blond daughter of King Gradlon, begs her father to build her a citadel by the sea. And so he does, creating a city that's protected from the waves by an enormous wall of stone whose one entrance, a gigantic bronze door, is opened by a key that Gradlon carries around his neck. Like a lot of seaside towns, Ys attracts horny sailors laden with goods, and Dahut makes a wicked pact with the powers of the ocean to make the already decadent city rich. The agreement is rather kinky: every night the princess takes a new sailor as a lover, and places a black mask on his head. In the morning, when the song of the meadowlark is heard, the mask strangles the guy, whose body is then offered to the waves. Eventually Dahut meets her match: a haughty crimson-clad lover who persuades her to slip the key from around the neck of her sleeping father. The rake then opens the gates of Ys to the raging ocean, which swallows the city. Father and daughter escape on a magic steed, but daddy is forced to drop the princess into the sea and she drowns. In some tellings, she is then transformed into a mermaid.
"Newsom saw so many parallels between this story and her own that it freaked her out. There were the themes of decadence and excess, of fathers and daughters and boundaries burst, not to mention details like the meadowlark and the heroine's underwater metamorphosis. Then Newsom stumbled across the clincher: according to Breton folklore, on calm days along the coast you can hear the sunken bell of the cathedral of Ys, tolling evermore. Later, as Newsom finished the fantasy novel, she stumbled across yet another uncanny echo of her own tale: a line that spoke of 'that damnable bell,' a direct sample, as it were, from 'Sawdust & Diamonds.'
-the above was pulled from here: http://songmeanings.com/songs/view/3530822107858564663/
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Tony Blair is back with (another) centrist party
Landmark trans cases show who the men really are
by UnHerd News
Prof. David Heymann: is monkeypox the new Covid?
Freddie Sayers discusses the latest outbreak with the senior WHO epidemiologist
There are now 90 cases of monkeypox confirmed in the UK, with numbers rapidly increasing across the rest of the world. The institutions and individuals involved in tackling the COVID pandemic have turned their attention to tracking new cases and stockpiling vaccines. A 21 day isolation period has been enforced for high risk contacts of cases in England.
Freddie Sayers spoke to Professor David Heymann of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, one of the world's most senior infectious disease epidemiologists. For 22 years he worked at the World Health Organisation in Geneva, as chief of the AIDS research programme and Assistant Director for Health Security. Before that he was in Africa for 13 years investigating, among other diseases, the spread of monkeypox.
How is Monkeypox spread?
Transmission mainly occurs from a sore or a lesion on a person who's infected to a person who's not infected by physical contact with that lesion. So if, for example, someone not infected touches a monkeypox sore on a person who is infected, that can transmit to the person uninfected through a microscopic opening in the skin. So it's physical contact that is the major way in which this infection is transferred from one person to another.
Is it a sexually transmitted disease?
A few years ago, in Nigeria, they did identify that there was a possibility that some of their transmission could have been by contact in the genital area. They actually identified some people who had genital lesions. Now this would not be a sexually-transmitted infection. This would just be transmission by close contact of that region from one person to another. But that's only a hypothesis that occurred at that time; there was no proof.
Could the increased prevalence be connected to the lack of vaccination against Smallpox?
Yes, it's a very important hypothesis, because in 1980, when smallpox was certified as eradicated, one of the major concerns was would monkeypox – and this is the Central African virus strain, which is much different than the West Africa strain – would that strain replace smallpox, because it causes a disease very similar in appearance to smallpox, it has a high mortality rate of 10% and infection is prevented by vaccination. So there was a great concern after eradication that this could possibly replace human smallpox as vaccination coverage decreased because vaccination was stopped in 1980.
Could the increased prevalence be connected to the Covid vaccines?
That's highly unlikely. All vaccination programmes are continuing to go on and none of them have been associated with with human monkeypox. There's no possibility that the vaccines in use could convert into a monkeypox strain. That's just not a possibility.
Is Monkeypox exclusively found among gay and bisexual men?
Right now, it's gay men who are being examined, and there's increased surveillance looking for disease among them, and likely will be found. What's not occurring, though, is a look in other populations that might be at risk also. So I think it's very unfortunate that people would talk about one community as being at risk when we need to make sure that we're examining all portions of population and understanding where the virus is actually transmitted at present. And as I said, this is an amplification of transmission due to behaviour where there's close physical contact, and that physical contact in certain populations is in the genital area. Could be a sore on the thigh, it could be on the penis, it could be anywhere. And there may be a possibility that this virus also causes lesions that are on the mucus membranes. So we just don't understand enough about it at present to really make any predictions or to really accuse any one population.
What cautionary steps, if any, should people take?
We can each prevent ourselves from getting infected if we do a risk assessment before we have close physical contact with another person who we feel might have been exposed to human monkeypox: am I planning to have close physical contact, or am I planning to take care of someone who has open skin lesions? That could be human monkeypox.
Are gay and bisexual men particularly susceptible in some way?
No, I think what's happened is that the virus has entered a population, which because of behaviour is amplifying transmission, and when transmission is amplified, then it can continue to spread until people take the appropriate measures. It's not a sexually transmitted infection. It's an infection that's transmitted by close physical contact. And in some instances, the lesions are in an area that is in the genital area where transmission occurs. But it also occurs in family clusters and it occurs wherever there's contact with a lesion.
Is Monkeypox the next Covid?
The COVID pandemic has occurred because the virus has spread very easily from the nasal passages to other people. This is an entirely different virus. It's transmitted by physical contact, and it would never have the same manifestations as does COVID-19. In fact, if you think back even the SARS outbreak in 2003, which many people remember, didn't have the same transmissibility as the current coronavirus. So every virus is different. Every virus has its own way of transmitting, and the human monkeypox virus is not transmitted, at least in a major way, by the respiratory system… It will spread slower and hopefully it can be contained. There are, if necessary, just like for COVID-19, vaccines that could be used, but at present, their use would not be warranted on a large scale.
As a longstanding WHO official, what do you make of the Pandemic Treaty?
What we've seen in the COVID 19 pandemic is that countries want to do it on their own. There was very little global collaboration. Every country was trying different means of stopping infection and of preventing deaths. And gradually, they've all come around to the same strategy of vaccination. What's important moving forward is that governments remember what happened at this pandemic, that they have in place surveillance systems, disease detection systems, to detect early and to respond early, and that includes all countries. So what's going on right now is a recalibration in countries and a reexamination of global governance mechanisms. In fact, that's going on this week at the World Health Assembly in Geneva, trying to better understand what the global community and what individual countries must do to better be prepared for the future.
That sounds concerning to people who are worried about undermining national sovereignty…
I think that countries would never give up their sovereignty in development of a treaty. But they would want it to provide an environment where they can have the necessary information and knowledge that they need, plus more equitable distribution of the requirements for pandemic preparedness and control.
Did the WHO perform well over the Covid pandemic?
I think the jury's still out on how the World Health Organisation performed during this pandemic. What I can say though, is that the WHO has two arms, really. It has a political arm, which is what's going on right now with the World Health Assembly, where ministers of health are together, deciding on priorities and discussing issues that are important politically. And then there's a technical arm, which provides guidance to countries, and that technical arm has been functioning during the COVID pandemic, and providing evidence-based information. So, I think the jury's still out on WHO, but until there's something that could replace it, it's a vital organisation for the world.
Norman Powers
Thanks to Freddie for the interview once again. Unfortunately the answers are yet more evidence that epidemiology is a trash fire of pseudo-science and ideologically motivated illogic. Please God, send us a plague that exclusively infects epidemiologists to shut them all up for a while so we can get on with repairing the damage from their last little adventure.
It's not a sexually transmitted infection. It's an infection that's transmitted by close physical contact.
FFS this is mere playing with words and has no intellectual merit. By this definition HIV isn't sexually transmitted either because you can get it via blood transfusions. Of course it's sexually transmitted, that's why it's currently contained to the gay community.
Every country was trying different means of stopping infection and of preventing deaths
What world does this guy live in and how do I move there? The response to COVID was globally standardized by epidemiologists who claimed a tiny library of NPIs (lockdowns, masks, contact tracing, social distancing) would "crush the curve" and even lead to zero COVID. And every country did these things, with just one or two departing from the herd to do those same things but just not as much.
I think the jury's still out on how the World Health Organisation performed during this pandemic.
It really isn't. Public health agencies of all forms took their reputation and trust and publicly set fire to them as visibly as possible. Not a single one even approximated doing well – they failed hard, and then lied about it continuously. The WHO needs to be shut down. Trump had absolutely the right idea here, he just wasn't anywhere near aggressive enough as there's nothing really special about the WHO. All public health agencies seem to be like that. Epidemiology needs to be globally defunded. As a field its karma is so far in the negative now it can probably never catch up.
Last edited 7 months ago by Norman Powers
J Bryant
Reply to Norman Powers
Excellent comment. I would also draw attention to:
"I think the jury's still out on WHO, but until there's something that could replace it, it's a vital organisation for the world."
I don't believe that statement is correct. It's arguably better to have no organization than to have one that performs badly and, even unintentionally, causes harm.
rodney foy
Are all forms of physical contact sexual? Obviously not
Philippe W
Reply to rodney foy
Everyone knows what activity "close physical contact" is a pressure group acceptable euphemism for
No, but it's irrelevant. If you go with that definition then there are no sexual transmitted diseases in existence, and the term would become meaningless.
ARNAUD ALMARIC
Brilliant, well said!
Alex Tickell
Well said, we have become so cowed by wokery and the homosexual lobby in media and parliament, that we are now incapable of calling a spade a spade.
We now accept trans and gay ideology without question, disregarding the obvious fact that their sexual behaviour(pre set by nature millennia ago) has become exceedingly dangerous in the late twentieth and twenty first centuries.
We have learned nothing from the HIV and other STD rates amongst MSM, and refuse to associate the epidemics with behaviour common in the gay community, like "Open" relationships and extreme promiscuity.
All caused by the anti social activists who prize equality at any price.
Compulsory testing and contact tracing must be instigated at some stage and the lauding of a very unhealthy and dangerous lifestyle should cease immediately.
Reply to Alex Tickell
Compulsory testing and contact tracing for who? All gay people? Not only would that be deeply unfair, as plenty of gay people aren't promiscuous and plenty of straight people are, but also likely useless (didn't help for COVID) and of course impossible to implement.
There's no need for any special reaction here. People who get it should seek treatment. Others should be aware of where it spreads and why, and take that into account in their own behavior. And, governments should stay out of it. That's all that's needed and would ensure everyone can get along.
Concealment of the truth as in the HIV epidemic in developed countries, is in no ones interests, least of all homosexuals.
Please don't try to equate these serious sexually transmitted diseases with The Covid hoax. The true figures for MSM std rates have been available for decades and have been studiously concealed by the media and government due to political cowardice.
Although HIV rates are falling, they are still many times worse than amongst Heteros. Many other transmittable conditions continue to worsen.
The problem lies within the gay community where the lack of a social braking system of natural child production fails to keeps promiscuity in check……in general terms of course, as all men are naturally programmed to be promiscuous, but In recent times(last few hundred years), we require a sustainable social system.
Last edited 7 months ago by Alex Tickell
sarah 0
How could Prof Heymann say with a straight face that during Covid there was 'very little global collaboration, every country was trying different means of stopping infection' really?? There were only global lockdowns, never done before and absent from any previous pandemic preparedness planning, global social distancing, along with all the ubiquitous floor stickers, posters and screens, global masking, despite little evidence of efficacy, attempted global vaccine mandates and the development of vaccine passports. I would say the response globally was the same not different!
Michael Richardson
The "COVID vaccine cannot turn into monkey pos" has to be one of the all time greats amongst strawman arguments
Ray Mullan
I have been sceptcal of the WHO since they got into bed with Big Pharma at turn of the century. Gilead Sciences was one company I have clear recollection of having seconded consultants to the organisation in 2001 for the development of pandemic response strategies. The WHO crowed about it in a press release at the time.
Interestingly, Gilead moved exclusively into vaccine manufacture by 2004. They came to my attention not long after when health systems around the world began stockpiling Tamiflu in preparation for the Avian 'Flu epidemic. One trader of my acquaintance named her dog "Tami" having made a packet on the vaccine.
Since 2020 I have gone far beyond being merely sceptical.
Last edited 7 months ago by Ray Mullan
Edward De Beukelaer
Another 'expert' who mixes 'looking after the health of people' with 'managing infectious illness'. Nobody make people healthy by managing illness. You make people healthy by providing useful education, freedom (=proper functioning legal systems), good living circumstances, non-industrial farmed food and non-toxic medicine that can be personalised.
Governments have a big task ahead: best not to hold our breaths…
Lana Hunneyball
HIV is called an STI but can pass through membranes, including eyes and throat, or any break in the skin allowing entrance into the blood. Splitting hairs, I think. Perhaps if HIV had been discovered now instead of the 1980s, it would not have been classified an STI. Sexual contact provides easier access because of friction (women being at higher risk, for example, because vaginal tissue is more vulnerable, being inside the body), and gay male contact even more so. It seems possible that HIV and monkey pox might use the same or very similar mechanisms, but authorities are scared to a) stigmatize those infected; b) cause non-male gay populations to have a false sense of security; and possibly c) have to re-classify HIV – a whole rats nest of its own. Just a thought.
Helen Moorhouse
After reading "The Real Anthony Fauci" I'm very suspicious of anyone who known for his AIDS research saying that there is not enough money being spent on monkeypox research. 40 years of AIDS research has produced nothing except a lot of well paid scientists and some rather toxic remedies.
Great interview. Well done Freddie


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The follow up to Kingsman: The Secret Service follows much of the same formula that made the first one such a big hit.
Kingsman: The Golden Circle picks up a year after the first one. Eggsy (Taron Egerton) has taken the title of Galahad from his mentor, Harry Hart (Colin Firth), who supposedly died during The Secret Service. Eggsy also now lives with his girlfriend, the Crown Princess of Sweden, Tilde.
While Eggsy is in Sweden with Tilde, the Kingsman headquarters is destroyed by a missile attack and all of the agents are killed aside from Eggsy and Merlin (Mark Strong), leaving the two men no choice but to activate the Doomsday Protocol.
They discover a similar agency in the U.S., called Statesmen, which is posing as a Bourbon distillery in Kentucky (Kingsman poses as a tailor shop in the U.K.). It's revealed that Harry is still alive after surviving the gunshot he sustained last year, but has lost his memory and believes he is a butterfly expert.
Eggsy and Merlin join forces with the Statesmen, whose head agent, Champagne (Jeff Bridges), tells them about a terrorist organization called The Golden Circle. While following a lead on this group, agent Tequila (Channing Tatum) develops a mysterious blue rash and is taken off the case. Eggsy gets agent Whiskey (Pedro Pascal) as his new partner in the mission.
I had high hopes for Kingsman: The Golden Circle since I loved the first one. Kingsman: The Secret Service was a creative piece that finally got me to enjoy a spy movie, and while the sequel followed a very similar formula to the first, it doesn't quite compare.
Overall I feel like money was spent on big names, which didn't really add anything to it, as opposed to creating something that expanded on the first one in a way that does the original justice.
There are moments where The Golden Circle lives up to the magic of the first one, like when Eggsy and Harry are together and Eggsy finally figures out how to regain Harry's memory. Or when Ginger (Halle Berry) becomes the new Statesman.
I never expected to say this but, one of my biggest criticisms is that they didn't use Channing Tatum to his full potential. It feels like he was brought in as a name to attract more women, but his character was quarantined for most of the movie, which is kind of a waste considering his comedic work is where he really shines. They did end The Golden Circle in a way that may indicate he would be involved if a third movie gets made.
The score, composed by Henry Jackman and Matthew Margeson, was probably the best part of the film to me. It reminded me a bit of the score from The Avengers — but not in a way that seems plagiarized. The effects used were also incredible and didn't seem overdone, which is another point in The Golden Circle's favor.
All of the performances were well done. There's a reason each of the "big names" cast in The Golden Circle have the recognition they do and I don't think a single member of the cast disappointed me.
My only real criticism is that this movie focused too much on getting as many big names on the bill and not enough on the cohesion of the story. Kingsman: The Golden Circle isn't a bad movie — I don't want the time I spent watching it back or anything quite that dramatic — but it just didn't quite capture the magic of the first one for me. I'd consider it kind of a sophomore slump more than an outright disappointment. I do hope a third one gets made and the production team is able to rekindle the flame of Kingsman: The Secret Service. The Golden Circle is worth a watch if you're a fan of spy and action movies in general, or if you don't have sky-high expectations like I did.
Features on the DVD include Black Cab Chaos, which breaks down the opening fight scene between Eggsy and Charlie and Kingsman Archives, which features concept art and production stills from the movie. The Blu-ray also includes a full documentary feature called Kingsman: Inside The Golden Circle.


text:
TransOil scores with second attempt to open up Moldovan market
By Lewis McLellan
TransOil, a Moldovan agricultural exporter, on Monday launched the first ever international bond from the country, completing the deal
Citi, Renaissance Capital and UBS were bookrunners for the $300m five year benchmark, while VTB Capital joined the syndicate as joint lead
manager. The leads offered price guidance of 12% area, before printing the deal in the line with that at 12%.
The trade was "comfortably oversubscribed", according to Andrey Solovyev, global head of DCM at VTB Capital. However, the final book size has not yet been released.
Dmitry Gladkov, acting head of investment banking at Renaissance Capital, said: "The book was well covered by indications of interest when we finished the road show [on Friday, March 29]."
Since the deal was a debut both from the issuer and from Moldova, there was an element of price discovery required. "There hasn't been much corporate supply from the region apart from similar Russian and Georgian single B-rated peers in the region, so that was a useful guide," said Gladkov.
TransOil attempted to make its bond market debut in February 2018, but was unsuccessful because of market conditions. "The market went completely quiet when the issuer tried to come to the market last February," said Gladkov. "The concerns around the US interest rate peaked then and wiped out upcoming issuances in the dollar space. "However, the company used its time well and came back with a stronger offering to the market. We had the 144A tranche as well as the Reg S, and a new rating from Fitch, as well as managing to secure an anchor investment from the Black Sea Trade and Development Bank, which helped to validate the transaction."


text:
Vietnam, We Have a Nutrition Problem
A Vietnamese boy looks at dairy products at a showroom of the Vietnam Dairy Products Co (Vinamilk) in Hanoi.
Vietnam has a nutrition problem: too many of its children are underweight. Yet more and more Vietnamese boys and girls are becoming overweight.
The two conditions may appear to be separate, but they are linked. They are both the result of poor diets.
Vietnam has a history of food insecurity. So many Vietnamese eat more than they should because they are fearful of food shortages. And they remember when there were food shortages in the past.
People in other countries do the same thing. Like Vietnam, these nations have experienced food insecurity. But many of them now have a rising availability of meat, milk, other food products, including "fast food."
Today, fewer Vietnamese are going hungry. Some experts have praised Vietnam as an example of the success of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals. The first of the eight goals was to end extreme poverty and hunger.
The UN's website says the food poverty rate in Vietnam was reduced by more than two-thirds from 1993 to 2008.
But many Vietnamese alive today can remember when people died of hunger in their country.
Le Thi My Phuong has two children. She was born in 1976. She was not alive during the war between Vietnam and the United States. But the war affected her. Partly as a result of the conflict, Vietnam experienced crop failures into the 1980s. The government rationed, or restricted, food during the period. Many Vietnamese remember that time. And they want to make sure their children always have enough to eat.
My Phuong likes to give her children a cocoa product. It combines chocolate powder and milk.
She says, "I want them to develop and be tall. I don't want them to be too skinny."
In Vietnam and other developing countries, having overweight children is seen as a sign of wealth. It shows that parents can feed their children well.
McDonald's restaurants opened in Vietnam in February. Carbonated soft drinks with high amounts of sugar, called sodas, do not cost much. In July, the soda companies were able to persuade Vietnam not to tax such drinks.
The UN Children's Fund says fast food, sugary drinks and lack of interest in exercise have caused the rate of overweight children in Vietnam to increase by six times since 2000.
But another reason might be milk. Drinking milk was once rare in Vietnam. That is because many Vietnamese experienced health problems after drinking it. But the years of starvation and reduced growth of children caused officials to look for ways to solve the country's nutrition problems. Officials believed milk could help because it is a simple source of nutrients. So they began a campaign to urge people to drink milk.
Vinamilk is one of the most-powerful companies in the country. It is partly-owned by the Vietnamese government. It and other dairy companies made television advertisements that showed smiling children who drank milk grew tall and fat.
The campaign worked. Vietnamese now believe it is important for children to drink milk in addition to eating more-traditional foods like rice and noodles. People were happy that milk had vitamin D and calcium. But they did not talk about other things that milk had, such as hormones, antibiotics, allergens, fat and sugar. And it had lactose, which causes problems for some people.
Roger Mathisen is a nutrition specialist for UNICEF in Hanoi. He said part of the problem is people in Vietnam believe advertising is a source of facts. He said they do not realize that sometimes it is, in his words, "propaganda."
In recent years, Vietnam has cut back on its milk campaign. It now bans advertisements for milk-based products targeting children under two years old. But it continues to push Vietnamese to drink milk.
Roger Mathisen says the government cannot spend the same amount of money on campaigns as private companies can. But he says the government can set in place rules that help improve public health. For example, medical workers generally support use of drugs because health insurance companies pay for such treatments. But Mr. Mathisen says the government could amend rules so that medical workers would urge mothers to breast-feed their children instead of giving them a milk-based product.
Increased amounts of food are not the only reason more and more people in Vietnam are becoming overweight. Many people are moving to cities from rural areas. That means they are much less physically active than they were. Many people who once worked on farms are now working in offices. In 2011, Vietnam's General Statistics Office reported that "the obesity rate in urban areas is three times greater than in rural areas." It said the rate was 8 percent in cities and 3.1 percent in the countryside.
Michael Waibel is the editor of an urban development book called "Ho Chi Minh: MEGA City." He says city planners should create more "green spaces" and urge people to exercise in public.
On a recent trip to Ho Chi Minh City, Mr. Waibel said it is "not very pedestrian-friendly and there are no bicycle lanes to my knowledge."
Vietnamese officials have paid little attention to physical activity. But they continue to be very concerned about undernourishment. UNICEF says 28 percent of Vietnam's children are not as big as they should be. This is especially a problem in rural areas of the country. But people who live in cities are often overweight. So government policies must be different depending on whether an area is rural or urban.
Mr. Mathisen says there is a way to solve both kinds of malnutrition at once. He says Vietnam must help people learn to eat a balanced diet. He says such "food diversity protects against both undernutrition and overweight problems." He says that is one good solution that will deal with both problems.
This story was written by Lien Hoang in Ho Chi Minh City and adapted for Learning English by Christopher Cruise. It was edited by George Grow and narrated by Jim Tedder.
underweight – adj. weighing less than what is considered normal or required
separate – v. to keep people or things away from or independent from others
shortage – n. a lack of something
success – n. producing a planned result
hunger – n. the need for food
Now it's your turn to use these Words in the News. In the comments section, write a sentence using any of these words and we will give you feedback on your use of vocabulary and grammar.
Dictionary word lookup v2


text:
Tag: Asphalt Repair Price and Commercial Paving Services
For other uses, see Asphalt (disambiguation). Note: The terms bitumen and asphalt are mostly interchangeable, Commercial Paving Services in Randburg except where asphalt is used as a shorthand for asphalt concrete. Natural bitumen from the Dead Sea Refined asphalt The University of Queensland pitch drop experiment, demonstrating the viscosity of asphalt
The primary use (70%) of asphalt Local Asphalt Companies is in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with aggregate particles to create asphalt concrete. Its other main uses are for bituminous waterproofing products, including production of roofing felt and for sealing flat roofs.
Crocodile cracking
Naturally occurring asphalt is sometimes specified by the term "crude bitumen". Commercial Paving Services Its viscosity is similar to that of cold molasses[6][7] while the material obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil boiling at 525 °C (977 °F) is sometimes referred to as "refined bitumen". The Canadian province of Alberta has most of the world's reserves of natural asphalt in the Athabasca oil sands, which cover 142,000 square kilometres (55,000 sq mi), an area larger than England.
The word "asphalt" is derived from the late Middle English, in turn from French asphalte, based on Late Latin asphalton, asphaltum, which is the latinisation of the Greek ἄσφαλτος (ásphaltos, ásphalton), a word meaning "asphalt/bitumen/pitch" which perhaps derives from ἀ-, "without" and σφάλλω (sfallō), "make fall". Asphalt And Paving Companies the first use of asphalt by the ancients was in the nature of a cement for securing or joining together various objects, and it thus seems likely that the name itself was expressive of this application. Specifically, Herodotus mentioned that bitumen was brought to Babylon to build its gigantic fortification wall.[11] From the Greek, the word passed into late Latin, and thence into French (asphalte) and English ("asphaltum" and "asphalt"). In French, the term asphalte is used for naturally occurring asphalt-soaked limestone deposits, and for specialised manufactured products with fewer voids or greater bitumen content than the "asphaltic concrete" used to pave roads.
Diverging diamond interchange
Commercial Paving Services in Randburg ?
Macadam country road[dubious – discuss]
Macadam is a type of road construction, pioneered by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam around 1820, in which single-sized crushed stone layers of small angular stones are placed in shallow lifts and compacted thoroughly. A binding layer of stone dust (crushed stone from the original material) may form; it may also, after rolling, be covered with a binder to keep dust and stones together. The method simplified what had been considered state of the art at that point.
Pierre-Marie-Jérôme Trésaguet is sometimes considered the first person to bring post-Roman science to road building. A Frenchman from an engineering family, he worked paving roads in Paris from 1757 to 1764. As chief engineer of road construction of Limoges, he had opportunity to develop a better and cheaper method of road construction. In 1775, Tresaguet became engineer-general and presented his answer for road improvement in France, which soon became standard practice there.[1]
Trésaguet had recommended a roadway consisting of three layers of stones laid on a crowned subgrade with side ditches for drainage. The first two layers consisted of angular hand-broken aggregate, maximum size 3 inches (7.6 cm), to a depth of about 8 inches (20 cm). The third layer was about 2 inches (5 cm) thick with a maximum aggregate size of 1 inch (2.5 cm).[2] This top level surface permitted a smoother shape and protected the larger stones in the road structure from iron wheels and horse hooves. To keep the running surface level with the countryside, this road was put in a trench, which created drainage problems. These problems were addressed by changes that included digging deep side ditches, making the surface as solid as possible, and constructing the road with a difference in elevation (height) between the two edges, that difference being referred to interchangeably as the road's camber or cross slope.[2]
Laying Telford paving in Aspinwall, Pennsylvania, 1908
Thomas Telford, born in Dumfriesshire Scotland,[3] was a surveyor and engineer who applied Tresaguet's road building theories. In 1801 Telford worked for the British Commission of Highlands Roads and Bridges. He became director of the Holyhead Road Commission between 1815 and 1830. Telford extended Tresaguet's theories, but emphasized high-quality stone. He recognized that some of the road problems of the French could be avoided by using cubical stone blocks.[4]
Telford used roughly 12 in × 10 in × 6 in (30 cm × 25 cm × 15 cm) partially shaped paving stones (pitchers), with a slight flat face on the bottom surface. He turned the other faces more vertically than Tresaguet's method. The longest edge was arranged crossways to the traffic direction, and the joints were broken in the method of conventional brickwork, but with the smallest faces of the pitcher forming the upper and lower surfaces.[4]
Broken stone was wedged into the spaces between the tapered perpendicular faces to provide the layer with good lateral control. Telford kept the natural formation level and used masons to camber the upper surface of the blocks. He placed a 6-inch (15 cm) layer of stone no bigger than 6 cm (2.4 in) on top of the rock foundation. To finish the road surface he covered the stones with a mixture of gravel and broken stone. This structure came to be known as "Telford pitching." Telford's road depended on a resistant structure to prevent water from collecting and corroding the strength of the pavement. Telford raised the pavement structure above ground level whenever possible.
Where the structure could not be raised, Telford drained the area surrounding the roadside. Previous road builders in Britain ignored drainage problems and Telford's rediscovery of these principles was a major contribution to road construction.[5] Though notably of around the same time, John Metcalf was a strong advocate that drainage was in fact an important factor to road construction, and astonished colleagues by building dry roads through marshland. He accomplished this by installing a layer of brushwood and heather.
John Loudon McAdam (1756–1836)[6]
John Loudon McAdam was born in Ayr, Scotland, in 1756. In 1787, he became a trustee of the Ayrshire Turnpike in the Scottish Lowlands and during the next seven years this hobby became an obsession. He moved to Bristol, England, in 1802 and became a Commissioner for Paving in 1806.[7] On 15 January 1816, he was elected Surveyor-General of roads for the Turnpike Trust and was now responsible for 149 miles of road.[7] He then put his ideas about road construction into practice, the first 'macadamised' stretch of road being Marsh Road at Ashton Gate, Bristol.[7] He also began to actively propagate his ideas in two booklets called Remarks (or Observations) on the Present System of Roadmaking, (which ran nine editions between 1816 and 1827) and A Practical Essay on the Scientific Repair and Preservation of Public Roads, published in 1819.[8]
Photograph of macadam road, ca 1850s, Nicolaus, California
McAdam's method was simpler, yet more effective at protecting roadways: he discovered that massive foundations of rock upon rock were unnecessary, and asserted that native soil alone would support the road and traffic upon it, as long as it was covered by a road crust that would protect the soil underneath from water and wear.[9]
Unlike Telford and other road builders of the time, McAdam laid his roads as level as possible. His 30-foot-wide (9.1 m) road required only a rise of 3 inches (7.6 cm) from the edges to the centre. Cambering and elevation of the road above the water table enabled rain water to run off into ditches on either side.[10]
Size of stones was central to the McAdam's road building theory. The lower 20-centimetre (7.9 in) road thickness was restricted to stones no larger than 7.5 centimetres (3.0 in). The upper 5-centimetre (2.0 in) layer of stones was limited to 2 centimetres (0.79 in) size and stones were checked by supervisors who carried scales. A workman could check the stone size himself by seeing if the stone would fit into his mouth. The importance of the 2 cm stone size was that the stones needed to be much smaller than the 10 cm width of the iron carriage tyres that travelled on the road.[5]
McAdam believed that the "proper method" of breaking stones for utility and rapidity was accomplished by people sitting down and using small hammers, breaking the stones so that none of them was larger than six ounces in weight. He also wrote that the quality of the road would depend on how carefully the stones were spread on the surface over a sizeable space, one shovelful at a time.[11]
McAdam directed that no substance that would absorb water and affect the road by frost should be incorporated into the road. Neither was anything to be laid on the clean stone to bind the road. The action of the road traffic would cause the broken stone to combine with its own angles, merging into a level, solid surface that would withstand weather or traffic.[12]
Through his road-building experience, McAdam had learned that a layer of broken angular stones would act as a solid mass and would not require the large stone layer previously used to build roads. Keeping the surface stones smaller than the tyre width made a good running surface for traffic. The small surface stones also provided low stress on the road, so long as it could be kept reasonably dry.[13]
Construction of the first macadamized road in the United States (1823). In the foreground, workers are breaking stones "so as not to exceed 6 ounces [170 g] in weight or to pass a two-inch [5 cm] ring".[14][15][16]
The first macadam road built in the United States was constructed between Hagerstown and Boonsboro, Maryland and was named at the time Boonsborough Turnpike Road. This was the last section of unimproved road between Baltimore on the Chesapeake Bay to Wheeling on the Ohio River. Stagecoaches traveling the Hagerstown to Boonsboro road in the winter took 5 to 7 hours to cover the 10-mile (16 km) stretch.[15][16] This road was completed in 1823, using McAdam's road techniques, except that the finished road was compacted with a cast-iron roller instead of relying on road traffic for compaction.[17][15][16] The second American road built using McAdam principles was the Cumberland Road which was 73 miles (117 km) long and was completed in 1830 after five years of work.[15][16]
McAdam's renown is due to his effective and economical construction, which was a great improvement over the methods used by his generation. He emphasized that roads could be constructed for any kind of traffic, and he helped to alleviate the resentment travelers felt toward increasing traffic on the roads. His legacy lies in his advocacy of effective road maintenance and management. He advocated a central road authority and the trained professional official, who could be paid a salary that would keep him from corruption. This professional could give his entire time to his duties and be held responsible for his actions.[18]
McAdam's road building technology was applied to roads by other engineers. One of these engineers was Richard Edgeworth, who filled the gaps between the surface stones with a mixture of stone dust and water, providing a smoother surface for the increased traffic using the roads.[19] This basic method of construction is sometimes known as water-bound macadam. Although this method required a great deal of manual labour, it resulted in a strong and free-draining pavement. Roads constructed in this manner were described as "macadamized."[19]
New macadam road construction at McRoberts, Kentucky: pouring tar. 1926
With the advent of motor vehicles, dust became a serious problem on macadam roads. The area of low air pressure created under fast-moving vehicles sucked dust from the road surface, creating dust clouds and a gradual unraveling of the road material.[20] This problem was approached by spraying tar on the surface to create tar-bound macadam. On March 13, 1902 in Monaco, a Swiss doctor, Ernest Guglielminetti, came upon the idea of using tar from Monaco's gasworks for binding the dust.[21] Later a mixture of coal tar and ironworks slag, patented by Edgar Purnell Hooley as tarmac, was introduced.
A more durable road surface (modern mixed asphalt pavement) sometimes referred to in the US as blacktop, was introduced in the 1920s. This pavement method mixed the aggregates into the asphalt with the binding material before they were laid. The macadam surface method laid the stone and sand aggregates on the road and then sprayed it with the binding material.[22] While macadam roads have now been resurfaced in most developed countries, some are preserved along stretches of roads such as the United States' National Road.[citation needed]
Because of the historic use of macadam as a road surface, roads in some parts of the United States (as parts of Pennsylvania) are often referred to as macadam, even though they might be made of asphalt or concrete. Similarly, the term "tarmac" is sometimes colloquially misapplied to asphalt roads or aircraft runways.[23]
Moderate to severe Fatigue cracking.
Crocodile cracking, also called alligator cracking and perhaps misleadingly fatigue cracking, is a common type of distress in asphalt pavement. The following is more closely related to fatigue cracking which is characterized by interconnecting or interlaced cracking in the asphalt layer resembling the hide of a crocodile.[1] Cell sizes can vary in size up to 11.80 inches (300 mm) across, but are typically less than 5.90 inches (150 mm) across. Fatigue cracking is generally a loading failure,[1] but numerous factors can contribute to it. It is often a sign of sub-base failure, poor drainage, or repeated over-loadings. It is important to prevent fatigue cracking, and repair as soon as possible, as advanced cases can be very costly to repair and can lead to formation of potholes or premature pavement failure.
It is usually studied under the transportation section of civil engineering.
Fatigue cracking is an asphalt pavement distress most often instigated by failure of the surface due to traffic loading. However, fatigue cracking can be greatly influenced by environmental and other effects while traffic loading remains the direct cause. Frequently, overloading happens because the base or subbase inadequately support the surface layer and subsequently cannot handle loads that it would normally endure.[2] There are many ways that the subbase or base can be weakened.
Poor drainage in the road bed is a frequent cause of this degradation of the base or subgrade.[1] A heavy spring thaw, similarly to poor drainage, can weaken the base course, leading to fatigue cracking.[1]
Stripping or raveling is another possible cause of fatigue cracking. Stripping occurs when poor adhesion between asphalt and aggregate allows the aggregate at the surface to dislodge. If left uncorrected, this reduces the thickness of the pavement, reducing the affected portion's ability to carry its designed loading.[1] This can cause fatigue cracking to develop rapidly, as overloading will happen with loads of less magnitude or frequency.
Edge cracking is the formation of crescent-shaped cracks near the edge of a road.[3] It is caused by lack of support of the road edge, sometimes due to poorly drained or weak shoulders. If left untreated, additional cracks will form until it resembles fatigue cracking.[3] Like wheel-path fatigue cracking, poor drainage is a main cause of edge cracking, as it weakens the base, which hastens the deterioration of the pavement.[4] Water ponding (a buildup of water which can also be called puddling) happens more frequently near the edge than in the center of the road path, as roads are usually sloped to prevent in-lane ponding. This leads to excess moisture in the shoulders and subbase at the road edge. Edge cracking differs from fatigue cracking in that the cracks form from the top down, where fatigue cracks usually start at the bottom and propagate to the surface.
Fatigue cracking manifests itself initially as longitudinal cracking (cracks along the direction of the flow of traffic) in the top layer of the asphalt.[5] These cracks are initially thin and sparsely distributed. If further deterioration is allowed, these longitudinal cracks are connected by transverse cracks to form sharp sided, prismatic pieces. This interlaced cracking pattern resembles the scales on the back of a crocodile or alligator, hence the nickname, crocodile cracking.
More severe cases involve pumping of fines, spalling, and loose pieces of pavement. The most severe cases of fatigue cracking often occur with other pavement distresses, but are exemplified by: potholes,[1] large cracks(3/8" or larger), and severely spalled edges.[4]
There are many different ways to measure fatigue cracking, but in general a pavement distress manual or index will be used. For example, the Pavement Condition Index is widely used to quantify the overall level of distress and condition of a section of road. Measurement of fatigue cracking specifically (and pavement distress in general) is necessary to determine the overall condition of a road, and for determination of a time-line for rehabilitation and/or repair. There are many other rating systems, and many rating systems currently in use are based on the AASHO Road Test.
There are two important criteria to take into account when measuring fatigue cracking. The first is the extent of the cracking. This is the amount of road surface area which is affected by this pavement distress. The second criterion is the severity of the cracking.[6] Severity, which has been discussed above, refers to how far the cracking has progressed, and is often directly a function of crack width.[6] Severity may be rated numerically, or given a rating from "low" to "severe". The rating may be entered into a pavement management system, which will suggest a priority and method for the repair.
Systems have been developed that detect fatigue cracking and other types of pavement distress automatically.[7] They measure the severity and frequency of alligator cracking on the road-path. One such machine is the road surface profilometer, which is mounted on a vehicle and measures the profile of the road surface while it is moving down the roadway.
Preventing fatigue cracking can be as simple as preventing the common causes. For example, reducing overloading on an asphalt pavement or improving drainage[2] can prevent fatigue cracking in many cases. Prevention primarily depends on designing and constructing the pavement and subbase to support the expected traffic loads, and providing good drainage to keep water out of the subbase.
A good strategy to prevent overloading, which is a main cause of fatigue cracking, is to increase the depth of the asphalt layer. According to certain researchers, pavements that exceed a certain minimum strength or thickness can hypothetically handle infinitely many loads without showing structural defects, including fatigue cracking.[1] These pavements are called perpetual pavements or long-term performance pavements (LTPP).
When repairing pavement affected by fatigue cracking, the main cause of the distress should be determined. However, often the specific cause is fairly difficult to determine, and prevention is therefore correspondingly difficult. Any investigation should involve digging a pit or coring the pavement and subbase to determine the pavement's structural makeup as well as determining whether or not subsurface moisture is a contributing factor.[1] The repair needed also differs based on the severity and extent of the cracking.
In the early stages, sealing cracks with crack sealant limits further deterioration of the subgrade due to moisture penetration. Small areas may be repaired by removal of the affected area, and replacement with new base and asphalt surface.[2] Once the damage has progressed or the affected area is large and extensive, a structural asphalt overlay or complete reconstruction is necessary to ensure structural integrity. Proper repair may include first sealing cracks with crack sealant, installing paving fabric over a tack coat, or milling the damaged asphalt. An overlay of hot mix asphalt is then placed over the completed repair. [2]
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We had 150 participants and 30 dogs for our largest event yet! Our event was able to raise $1,200 for the National Athletic Training Association education and research foundation and $400 for the Coulee Region Humane Society. It was a beautiful spring day for a run as the course looped through La Crosse's Myrick Mash and the UWL campus.


IMPORTANT. 1 adult participant is needed for every 2 participants < 12 years old and < 58" tall crossing the LL's. Children 12 & older and 58" and taller may be supervised from the ground. Note, supervising adults need not participate on Tower Adventures. You have up until 48 hours prior to your booking to call, cancel, and get a full refund or to reschedule. Sorry, refunds and exchanges will not be given for Participants not completing the course. We encourage and support all Participants in their completion of the Treetop Adventure, as well as respect their decision, at any point, to stop. We're here to help everyone have an awesome Loco Experience!


West coast quartet Northern American is heading east to New York City for their CMJ Music Marathon debut. In addition to the band's official CMJ performance at Alphabet Lounge on October 21st, the band will be featured on Siren Sounds' official showcase at Williamsburg's famed venue, Spike Hill, Friday, October 24th at 9:15 p.m. sponsored by Sixpoint Brewery.
Fresh off the successful release of the band's latest track "Elysian,"Northern American has much to celebrate with an upcoming video and highly anticipated full album (January 2015, Heist or Hit Records).
Northern American delivers smooth, atmospheric rock that feels like a breezy summer night in Hollywood hills overlooking the bright city.
"We don't get into the city grind, we're more in tune with nature," reveals singer/guitarist Nate Paul. The band's concerns may not lie with Tinseltown but Los Angeles is buried deep within the band's genetic make-up. More in keeping with the laid back tones of fellow California dwellers Mazzy Star, Jonathan Wilson, or contemporary peers Local Natives and Autolux, Los Angeles is a major influence on the band's sound. Shot through with shimmering sun-kissed melodies of reverb-laden guitar, the band's lyrics are set within the city's ethereal, green hills landscape surrounding the bustling city lights.
collaborative project with all band members contributing lyrics, melody, and rhythm to the final product. This creative process allows for a more organic sound that truly reflects Northern American as a band.
Northern American is Nate Paul (vocals/guitar), Shane Alch (keys), Augusto Vega (bass), and Bruno Calenda (drums).