text:
Scientists find that chromosomal abnormalities are associated with aging and cancer
3:06 May 7, 2012
The studies found that these alterations in chromosomes appear to increase with age, particularly after the age of 50, and may be associated with an increased risk for cancer. These studies were conducted by two consortia, one led by scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and one by Gene Environment Association Studies (GENEVA) which is sponsored by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). NCI and NHGRI are both parts of the National Institutes of Health. The results of the studies were published online May 6, 2012, in Nature Genetics.
Mosaicism, the type of structural abnormality in chromosomes that is described in these studies, results from a DNA alteration that is present in some of the body's cells but not in others. A person with mosaicism has a mixture of normal and mutated cells.
"These two studies provide large population-based evidence that genetic mosaicism increases with age and could be a risk factor for cancer. This last point raises an important issue with respect to the stability of a person's genome and suggests that detection of genetic mosaicism could be an early marker for detecting cancer, or perhaps other chronic diseases," said Stephen Chanock, M.D., co-author and chief, Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI.
Scientists began observing an unexpected frequency of structural abnormalities in chromosomes during quality control checks of data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted in the GENEVA consortium and similar programs at NCI. These studies involve comparing hundreds of thousands of common differences across individual patients' DNA to see if any of those variants are associated with a known trait, such as cancer. At first, these abnormalities were thought to be errors or outcomes of laboratory procedures. But they were found consistently at a low frequency, so the scientists wondered with what frequency these structural abnormalities occurred in the general population.
Previously, NCI investigators had reported that genetic mosaicism was observed in a population-based study in Spain. Since there were no accurate estimates of the frequency of mosaicism in the general population, NCI investigators looked at large mosaic chromosomal abnormalities in 31,717 cancer cases and 26,136 cancer-free controls from 13 GWAS. Similar analyses were conducted by investigators at the University of Washington, Seattle, collaborating with NHGRI and NCI investigators in the GENEVA consortium. The 16 GENEVA studies included participants of all ages and have been focused on several different chronic diseases, but only a small proportion of these studies focused on cancer as the primary outcome.
The NCI-led study observed that genetic mosaic abnormalities were more frequent in individuals with solid tumors (0.97 percent vs. 0.74 percent in cancer-free individuals). The NCI study also observed mosaic chromosomal abnormalities in slightly less than 1 percent of the study participants, but noted that the frequency of detectable genetic mosaicism increased with age. This was consistent with GENEVA results that found genetic mosaicism increased in those over the age of 50.
The GENEVA investigators studied blood samples of over 50,000 participants and identified genetic mosaicism abnormalities in 404 of the participants, most of who were over age 50. They found genetic mosaicism abnormalities in 0.2 percent of people younger than age 30. From age 30 to age 50, mosaicism frequency rose; it increased sharply over age 60, with up to a 2.5 percent frequency above age 75. Past analyses suggest that mosaic abnormalities are often detectable in later life because they arise and accumulate over time and/or because the descendants of mosaic cells expand in numbers throughout the body and are more readily detected at older ages, the scientists say.
"Repeated collection of blood samples may play a major role in helping determine how genetic mosaicism rises quickly at older ages. This is supported by observation of our only GENEVA subject who was sampled twice — once at age 66 and again at age 72. While no mosaic abnormalities where detected in the earlier sample, the later sample contained five mosaic abnormalities, each on a different chromosome," said Teri Manolio, M.D., Ph.D., director, Office of Population Genomics, NHGRI.
In both studies, scientists observed an increase in the detection of genetic mosaicism in patients with hematological cancers (leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma), for which DNA was collected at least one year prior to diagnosis, compared to cancer-free individuals. Results from the NCI study showed that risk of leukemia was also substantially higher among people with these chromosomal alterations while the GENEVA study showed that the risk of acquiring a hematological cancer diagnosis was 10 times higher for people who had mosaic chromosomal abnormalities. The results of both studies suggest that mosaicism, observed in older people, may be an asymptomatic condition — not often causing overt illness — that may predispose them to hematological cancer. However, GENEVA and NCI scientists stress that the event numbers analyzed are small, and additional studies are needed across a broader diversity of populations to establish the clinical significance of these findings.
NIH scientists say these findings will have important implications for the design and analysis of molecular studies of cancer, as well as ongoing studies looking at the characterization of cancer genomes, such as NIH's The Cancer Genome Atlas and the International Cancer Genome Consortium.
NIH scientists recommended that additional analyses be conducted in groups of currently healthy people so that investigators may follow them over time for health outcomes. They also said that researchers may want to collect multiple DNA samples over many years to explore disease and treatment effects. Additional studies with subjects, sampled at multiple ages, will be invaluable in the evaluation of the origin and stability of mosaic abnormalities.
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) leads the National Cancer Program and the NIH effort to dramatically reduce the burden of cancer and improve the lives of cancer patients and their families, through research into prevention and cancer biology, the development of new interventions, and the training and mentoring of new researchers. For more information about cancer, please visit the NCI Web site at http://www.cancer.gov or call NCI's Cancer Information Service at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
NHGRI supports the development of resources and technology that will accelerate genome research and its application to human health. Additional information about NHGRI can be found at its website, http://www.genome.gov.
About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit www.nih.gov.
Jacobs KB, et al. Detectable clonal mosaicism and its relationship to aging and cancer. Nature Genetics. May 6, 2012. DOI: 10.1038/ng.2270.
Laurie CC, et al. Detectable clonal mosaicism from birth to old age and its relationship to cancer. Nature Genetics. May 6, 2012. DOI: 10.1038/ng.2271.
NCI Office of Media Relations
NHGRI Press Office
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text:
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Bureau of Ordnance, 7/6/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Bureau of Ordnance
Chronological Copy. File No. <22-[4?]-4>
Cablegram Sent July 6, 1918 JSM
To Opnav, Washington (Buord) Serial No. 684
Prep. by M-4 SX D.R.
Sigcode
684 Admiralty states that they have under consideration question of protection of mine-sweepers required to sweep areas mined with American Mark VI mines and request any available information as to best method to adopt.1 Admiralty requests be informed if any means of protecting mine sweepers has been standardised in the United States.2 09506 684
Sims.
Source Note: Cy, DNA, RG 45, Entry 517B.
Footnote 1: Presumably, these were areas of the North Sea mine barrage.
Footnote 2: No reply has been found.
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Rear Admiral Samuel McGowan, Paymaster General, Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, 7/1/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Major General John J. Pershing, U.S.A., Commander, American Expeditionary Forces, 7/1/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Captain Hutchinson I. Cone, Commander, United States Naval Aviation Forces, Foreign Service, 7/1/1918
Rear Admiral Albert P. Niblack, Commander, Patrol Squadron based on Gibraltar, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/1/1918
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating Forces, 7/1/1918
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, to Vice Admiral William S. Sim, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Water, 7/1/1918
Secretary of War Newton D. Baker to President Woodrow Wilson, 7/1/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters to Commander Charles R. Train, United States Naval Attaché in Rome, 7/1/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Rear Admiral Albert P. Niblack, Commander, Patrol Forces Based on Gibraltar, 7/2/1918
Rear Admiral Albert P. Niblack, Commander, Patrol Forces Based on Gibraltar, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/2/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Rear Admiral Henry B. Wilson, Commander, United States Naval Forces in France, 7/2/1918
George I. Gay, Commissioner, Planning Division, to Professor J. A. Field, Staff of United States Shipping Board, 7/2/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 7/2/1918
Captain Rafe G. Rowley-Conwy, Captain (D) Fifteenth Destroyer Flotilla, Grand Fleet, to Commodore Hugh Justin Tweedie, Commodore (F), Grand Fleet Flotillas, 7/3/1918
Second Lieutenant Raymond L. Jack, United States Coast Guard Cutter Seneca, to Rear Admiral Albert P. Niblack, Commander, Patrol Forces Based on Gibraltar, 7/3/1918
George I. Gay, Commissioner, Planning Division, to Professor J. A. Field, Staff of Edward N. Hurley, Chairman, United States Shipping Board, 7/3/1918
Commander Paul Foley and L. I. Thomas to Edward N. Hurley, Chairman, United States Shipping Board, 7/4/1918
Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels to the United States Navy, 7/4/1918
Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/5/1918
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/5/1918
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, to First Sea Lord Admiral Sir Rosslyn Wemyss, 7/5/1918
Rear Admiral Henry B. Wilson, Commander, United States Naval Forces in France, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/6/1918
Raymond B. Stevens, Vice-Chairman, United States Shipping Board and United States Representative, Allied Maritime Transport Council to Edward N. Hurley, Chairman, United States Shipping Board, 7/6/1918
United States Shipping Board to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/6/1918
Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels to Various Organizations Considering Submarine and Anti-Submarine Devices and Plans, 7/6/1918
Secretary of Navy Josephus Daniels to Rear Admiral Austin M. Knight, Commander, United States Asiatic Fleet, 7/6/1918
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations to Commandants of Naval Districts, 7/7/1918
Lieutenant Commander Louis C. Farley, Commander, U. S. S Allen, Memorandum on Anti-Submarine and Depth Charge Doctrine, 7/7/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt, 7/7/1918
Captain Nathan C. Twining, Chief of Staff, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Secretary of the Allied Naval Council J. F. Henderson, 7/10/1918
Bureau of Ordnance, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/10/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters to Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, 7/10/1918
Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/10/1918
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, to Routing Officers, 7/11/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters to the Bureau of Navigation, 7/11/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Captain Hutchinson I. Cone, Commander, United States Naval Aviation Forces, Foreign Service, 7/11/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Lieutenant Colonel James C. Breckinridge, U.S.M.C., Naval Attaché at Stockholm, 7/11/1918
Captain David W. Todd, Director, Naval Communications to Staff of Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/11/1918
Edward N. Hurley, Chairman, United States Shipping Board, and Philip A. S. Franklin, Chairman of the Shipping Control Committee in New York, to Raymond B. Stevens, Vice-Chairman, United States Shipping Board and United States Representative, Allied Maritime Transport Council, 7/12/1918
Office of Naval Intelligence to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/13/1918
Captain Lyman A. Cotten, Commander, United States Naval Forces Based at Plymouth, to Captain Arthur J. Hepburn, Commander, United States Submarine Chaser Base, New London, Connecticut, 7/13/1918
Edward N. Hurley, Chairman, United States Shipping Board, to Commander Paul Foley and L. I. Thomas, 7/13/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters to President Woodrow Wilson, 7/13/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters to Rear Admiral Joseph Strauss, Commander, United States Mine Force, 7/13/1918
Brigadier General Frank T. Hines, U.S.A., Chief of Embarkation, to Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, 7/13/1918
Rear Admiral Herbert O. Dunn, Commander, Azores Detachment, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/14/1918
American Patrol Detachment - Anti-Submarine Doctrine, 7/14/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Rear Admiral Albert P. Niblack, Commander, Patrol Forces Based on Gibraltar, 7/14/1918
Captain David W. Todd, Director, Naval Communications to Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 7/15/1918
Commander Charles R. Train, United States Naval Attaché in Rome, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/15/1918
Diary of Commander Joseph K. Taussig, Commander, U. S. Destroyer Little, 7/15/1918
Commodore William A. Howard Kelly, Commander, British Adriatic Force, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/15/1918
Rear Admiral Alexander L. Duff, Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff, British Admiralty, to Vice Admiral Sir William Lowther Grant, Commander-in-Chief, North America and West Indies Stations, 7/15/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Staff of Rear Admiral Albert P. Niblack, Commander, Patrol Forces Based on Gibraltar, 7/15/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Certain Commands in European Waters, 7/15/1918
Commander Charles R. Train, United States Naval Attaché in Rome, to the Office of Naval Intelligence, 7/16/1918
Captain Richard H. Jackson, United States Naval Attaché in Paris and United States Naval Staff Representative, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/16/1918
Rear Admiral Albert P. Niblack, Commander, Patrol Forces Based on Gibraltar, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/16/1918
Philip A. S. Franklin, Chairman of the Shipping Control Committee in New York, to Raymond B. Stevens, Vice-Chairman, United States Shipping Board and United States Representative to the Allied Maritime Transport Council, 7/16/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Major General John J. Pershing, Commander-in-Chief, American Expeditionary Forces, 7/16/1918
Rear Admiral Albert P. Niblack, Commander, Patrol forces based on Gibraltar, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, second letter of the day, 7/16/1918
Captain Nathan C. Twining, Chief of Staff to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Captain Lyman A. Cotten, Commander, United States Naval Base at Plymouth, England, 7/17/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to the Bureau of Yards and Docks, 7/17/1918
Lieutenant Colonel James C. Breckinridge, U.S. Marine Corps, Naval Attaché at Stockholm, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/17/1918
Plan to Prevent a Submarine Raid, 7/18/1918
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations to Naval District Commandants and Various Other Officers, 7/18/1918
Frank Munson, President, Munson Steamship Line, to Raymond B. Stevens, Vice-Chairman, United States Shipping Board and United States Representative, Allied Maritime Transport Council, 7/18/1918
Captain Richard H. Jackson, United States Naval Attaché in Paris and Staff Representative for Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to the Staff of Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/18/1918
Rear Admiral Leigh C. Palmer, Chief of the Bureau of Navigation, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/18/1918
Rear Admiral Samuel McGowan, Paymaster General, Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, to the Staff of Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/18/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Captain Charles Nelson, Commander, Submarine Chaser Squadron, Corfu, 7/19/1918
Rear Admiral Joseph Strauss, Commander, United States Mine Force, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/19/1918
Captain Lyman A. Cotten, Commander, United States Naval Base at Plymouth, England, to Captain Nathan C. Twining, Chief of Staff to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/20/1918
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations to Admiral Henry T. Mayo, Commander-in-Chief, United States Atlantic Fleet, and Naval District Commandants, 7/18/1918
Lieutenant Colonel James C. Breckinridge, United States Marine Corps, Naval Attaché in Stockholm, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/20/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to the Bureau of Navigation, 7/20/1918
Commander Paul Foley and L. I. Thomas to Edward N. Hurley, Chairman, United States Shipping Board, 7/20/1918
Diary of Commander, Joseph K. Taussig, Commander, U.S. Destroyer Little, 7/21/1918
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations to Certain Naval District Commandants and Other Officers, 7/21/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to the Bureau of Ordnance, 7/22/1918
Commander Lyman A. Cotten, Commander, United States Naval Base at Plymouth, England, to Captain Richard H. Leigh, Staff of Force Commander, Operations Section, Anti-Submarine Division, 7/22/1918
Bureau of Navigation to Staff of Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/23/1918
Lieutenant Commander John A. Gade, American Legation, Copenhagen, Denmark, to Office of Naval Intelligence, 7/23/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Rear Admiral Joseph Strauss, Commander, Mine Force, 7/23/1918
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations to Staff of Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/23/1918
Lieutenant Joseph L. Day to Captain Charles P. Nelson, Commander, U.S. Base, Corfu, Greece, 7/23/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Commander Charles R. Train United States Naval Attaché at Rome, 7/24/1918
Lieutenant Commander Edward E. Spafford, U.S.N.R.F., Commander, Hunt 10, to Commander Charles P. Nelson, Commander, Otranto Detachment, Submarine Chasers, Distant Service, 7/24/1918
Commander Charles P. Nelson, Commander, Otranto Detachment, Submarine Chasers, Distant Service, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/24/1918
Bureau of Navigation to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Operations in European Waters, third cable of the day, 7/24/1918
Captain Hutchinson I. Cone, Commander, United Stations Naval Aviation Forces, Foreign Service, to Commanders, United States Naval Air Stations in Europe, 7/24/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Captain Reginald R. Belknap, Commander, Mine Squadron One, 7/25/1918
Captain David W. Todd, Director, Naval Communications, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/25/1918
Bureau of Ordnance to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/25/1918
Bureau of Navigation to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/25/1918
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, to Rear Admiral Marbury Johnston, Commander, Squadron Two, Cruiser Force, 7/25/1918
Captain Charles P.R. Coode, R.N., Director, Operations Division (Foreign), to Vice Admiral Sir Somerset A. Gough-Calthorpe, R.N., Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet, 7/25/1918
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, to Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, 7/25/1918
Lieutenant Commander Thaddeus A. Thomson, Jr., Staff of Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Captain Nathan C. Twining, Chief of Staff, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/26/1918
Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt to Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 7/26/1918
CONVOY FOR RETURNING TRANSPORTS, 7/26/1918
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/27/1918
Admiral Leigh C. Palmer, Chief of the Bureau of Navigation, to Vice Admiral William S. Sim, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/27/1918
Captain Montgomery M. Taylor, Aide to the Chief of Naval Operations, to Colonel Chauncey B. Baker, U.S.A., Chief of Embarkation Service, 7/27/1918
Planning Division, Staff of Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Memorandum on Anti-Submarine Operations in the North Sea, 7/27/1918
Vice Admiral Sir William Lowther Grant, R.N., Commander-in-Chief, North Atlantic and West Indies Station, to British Admiralty, 7/27/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Commodore William A. H. Kelly, R.N., Commander, British Adriatic Forces, 7/27/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Admiral Sir Sydney R. Fremantle, R.N., Deputy Chief of Naval Staff, 7/27/1918
Diary of Captain Joseph K. Taussig, Commander, U.S. Destroyer Little, 7/27/1918
Captain Frank D. Berrien to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/27/1918
Captain Walter S. Crosley, United States Naval Attaché in Madrid, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/27/1918
Colonel N. T. Grant, Jr., Secretary, American Section, Supreme War Council, to Captain Richard H. Jackson, United States Staff Representative, Paris, 7/27/1918
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/27/1918
Captain Reginald R. Belknap, Commander, Mine Squadron One, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/28/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces in European Waters, to Rear Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, 7/28/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Rear Admiral Albert P. Niblack, United States Patrol Forces Based on Gibraltar, 7/29/1918
Captain Hutchinson I. Cone, Commander, United Stations Naval Aviation Forces, Foreign Service, to Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, 7/29/1918
Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels to President Woodrow Wilson, 7/29/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Commander Charles R. Train, United States Naval Attaché in Rome, 7/30/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Bureau of Ordnance, Bureau of Construction and Repair, and Bureau of Navigation, 7/30/1918
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, to Rear Admiral Albert Gleaves, Commander, Cruiser Force and Transport Force, 7/30/1918
Rear Admiral Albert P. Niblack, Commander, Patrol Forces Based at Gibraltar, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/30/1918
Captain Richard H. Leigh, Anti-Submarine Operations Section, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/30/1918
Plan for Protecting Against Raiders, 7/30/1918
Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels to Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 7/30/1918
Lieutenant Commander Edward E. Spafford, U.S.N.R.F., to Captain Frank H. Schofield, Planning Section, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, 7/31/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Captain Joel R. Poinsett Pringle, Chief of Staff, Destroyer Flotilla, 7/31/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Office of Naval Intelligence, 7/31/1918
Vice Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Naval Forces Operating in European Waters, to Bureau of Ordnance, 7/31/1918
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, to Rear Admiral Henry T. Mayo, Commander, Atlantic Fleet, 7/31/1918
Captain William V. Pratt, Acting Chief of Naval Operations, to Bureaus of Navigation, Ordinance, Construction & Repair, Steam Engineering, Commandants of Naval Districts 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8, and Clifford Mallory, Director of Operations, U.S. Shipping Board, 7/31/1918
William S Sims
Additional Resources for July 1918

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Ricky Gervais loses weight thanks to Healthy Hampstead living
HAMPSTEAD Heath is the secret to how funnyman Ricky Gervais has shed the excess pounds.
The comedian has told reporters he has lost 20 pounds since moving to Hampstead after taking up jogging on Hampstead Heath.
Although he should be enjoying his new svelte frame, he has revealed it has caused problems professionally.
"Now I've got to stop making jokes about fat people, which is annoying - when I was fat, it was OK," he said.
It wasn't just Ricky who has been affected by healthy living in Hampstead but his girlfriend Jane Fallon also lost 18 pounds.
"I was trying to lose weight as well, so I was cooking healthier versions of what we were eating. He didn't realise that I was probably feeding him less calories at the same time he was running," she said.
Though Ricky has denied he has turned into a seed-eating health freak.
"It wasn't so much about the weight. It was more that I was a fat, lazy, out of shape slob, to be honest," he continued.
"I didn't eat differently. I probably just stopped having that second meal at 11:30 at night."


text:
Q: GTK3 and GTK2 tooltip background color difference I changed the tool tip background color setting in my current theme Ambiance for gtk-2 and gtk-3.0.
Even though I used the same color code #f5f5c5 the tool tip background color in eclipse and gedit(uses GTK3) and Firefox(which uses GTK2) are displayed differently.
See image

Please some one let me know the color code to be used for gtk-3.0 applications so that it looks same as shown in firefox?
GTK3 changes:
In /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/settings.ini:

[Settings]
  gtk-color-scheme = "base_color:#ffffff\nbg_color:#f2f1f0\ntooltip_bg_color:#f5f5c5\nselected_bg_color:#f07746\ntext_color:#3C3C3C\nfg_color:#4c4c4c\ntooltip_fg_color:#000000\nselected_fg_color:#ffffff\nlink_color:#DD4814\nbg_color_dark:#3c3b37\nfg_color_dark:#dfdbd2"

In /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/gtk-main.css:
....
@define-color tooltip_bg_color #f5f5c5;
@define-color tooltip_fg_color #000000;
....
GTK2 changes:
In /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-2.0/gtkrc file:

gtk-color-scheme = "base_color:#ffffff\nfg_color:#4c4c4c\ntooltip_fg_color:#000000\nselected_bg_color:#f07746\nselected_fg_color:#FFFFFF\ntext_color:#3C3C3C\nbg_color:#F2F1F
  0\ntooltip_bg_color:#ffffaf\nlink_color:#DD4814"

A: It looks to me like you're using different values for tooltip_bg_color in GTK2 and GTK3. In /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-2.0/gtkrc you have #ffffaf, while in /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/settings.ini and /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/gtk-main.css you have #f5f5c5.
If you want the lighter yellow (like your Firefox screenshot) in GTK3 apps, use #ffffaf in /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/settings.ini and /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/gtk-main.css.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Very cozy place. Innovative self service automatic hassle free check in. My apartment was on the top floor (5th), which gave me a little bit of exercise, as I don`t usually do enough. Everything went really smooth. Highly recommended.
No Iron available & no air conditioner- very hot.


The Kinetics Team appreciates the men and women who strengthen our communities.
Kinetics® and Better Homes & Gardens Real Estate | Gary Greene appreciates the educators, school administration, law enforcement, first responders, and military personnel in our community. As an industry leader, we are uniquely positioned to offer cost-saving real estate benefits to the men and women who help teach future generations and those who selflessly serve, protect, and uphold the law and freedoms of our country.
We would be honored to help you on your journey home.


New homeschool parents are full of questions!
We're back for a second episode featuring some of the IAHE's most Frequently Asked Questions.
What do Regional Representatives do?
Are there studies that show the success of homeschooling?
When do I become a homeschool expert?
Do you have questions? Leave us a comment below!


text:
//---------------------------------------------------------- -*- Mode: C++ -*-
// $Id$
//
// Created 2006/03/22
// Author: Blake Lewis, Mike Ovsiannikov
//
// Copyright 2008-2012 Quantcast Corp.
// Copyright 2006-2008 Kosmix Corp.
//
// This file is part of Kosmos File System (KFS).
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
// (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
// the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
// implied. See the License for the specific language governing
// permissions and limitations under the License.
//
// \brief Driver code that starts up the meta server
//
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include "NetDispatch.h"
#include "ChunkServer.h"
#include "LayoutManager.h"
#include "Logger.h"
#include "Checkpoint.h"
#include "kfstree.h"
#include "Replay.h"
#include "Restorer.h"
#include "AuditLog.h"
#include "util.h"

#include "common/Properties.h"
#include "common/MemLock.h"
#include "common/MsgLogger.h"
#include "common/MdStream.h"
#include "common/nofilelimit.h"

#include "kfsio/NetManager.h"
#include "kfsio/Globals.h"
#include "kfsio/IOBuffer.h"
#include "kfsio/SslFilter.h"
#include "kfsio/CryptoKeys.h"

#include "qcdio/QCUtils.h"
#include "qcdio/QCIoBufferPool.h"

#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>

#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>

namespace KFS
{

using std::cerr;
using std::ofstream;
using libkfsio::globalNetManager;
using libkfsio::SetIOBufferAllocator;

class BufferAllocator : public libkfsio::IOBufferAllocator
{
public:
    BufferAllocator()
        : mBufferPool()
        {}
    virtual size_t GetBufferSize() const
        { return mBufferPool.GetBufferSize(); }
    virtual char* Allocate()
    {
        char* const buf = mBufferPool.Get();
        if (! buf) {
            QCUtils::FatalError("out of io buffers", 0);
        }
        return buf;
    }
    virtual void Deallocate(
    char* inBufferPtr)
        { mBufferPool.Put(inBufferPtr); }
    QCIoBufferPool& GetBufferPool()
        { return mBufferPool; }
private:
    QCIoBufferPool mBufferPool;

private:
    BufferAllocator(
        const BufferAllocator& inAllocator);
    BufferAllocator& operator=(
        const BufferAllocator& inAllocator);
};

static const BufferAllocator* sAllocatorForGdbToFind = 0;

static BufferAllocator&
GetIoBufAllocator()
{
    static BufferAllocator sAllocator;
    if (! sAllocatorForGdbToFind) {
        sAllocatorForGdbToFind = &sAllocator;
    }
    return sAllocator;
}

class MetaServer : public ITimeout
{
public:
    static int Run(int argsc, char** argsv)
    {
        char** argv = argsv;
        int    argc = argsc;
        const char* myname = "metaserver";
        if (argc >= 1) {
            myname = argv[0];
            argv++;
            argc--;
        }
        bool createEmptyFsFlag = false;
        if (argc >= 1 && strcmp(argv[0], "-c") == 0) {
            argv++;
            argc--;
            createEmptyFsFlag = true;
        }
        if (argc < 1) {
            cerr << "Usage: " << myname <<
                " [-c] <properties file> [<msg log file>]\n";
            return 0;
        }
        libkfsio::InitGlobals();
        MdStream::Init();
        SslFilter::Error sslErr = SslFilter::Initialize();
        if (sslErr) {
            cerr << "failed to initialize ssl: " <<
                " error: " << sslErr <<
                " " << SslFilter::GetErrorMsg(sslErr) << "\n";
            return 1;
        }
        if (argc > 1) {
            MsgLogger::Init(argv[1]);
        } else {
            MsgLogger::Init(0);
        }
        const bool okFlag = sInstance.Startup(argv[0], createEmptyFsFlag);
        AuditLog::Stop();
        sslErr = SslFilter::Cleanup();
        if (sslErr) {
            KFS_LOG_STREAM_ERROR << "failed to cleanup ssl: " <<
                " error: " << sslErr <<
                " " << SslFilter::GetErrorMsg(sslErr) <<
            KFS_LOG_EOM;
        }
        MsgLogger::Stop();
        MdStream::Cleanup();
        return (okFlag ? 0 : 1);
    }
    virtual void Timeout()
    {
        if (mCheckpointFlag) {
            mCheckpointFlag = false;
            gLayoutManager.DoCheckpoint();
        }
        if (mRestartChunkServersFlag) {
            mRestartChunkServersFlag = false;
            gLayoutManager.ScheduleRestartChunkServers();
        }
        if (! mSetParametersFlag) {
            return;
        }
        mSetParametersFlag = false;
        const int res = mProperties.loadProperties(
            mFileName.c_str(), (char)'=');
        KFS_LOG_STREAM_INFO <<
            "loading configuration from: " << mFileName <<
            (res == 0 ? "" : " failed") <<
        KFS_LOG_EOM;
        if (res) {
            return;
        }
        SetParameters(mProperties);
        gLayoutManager.SetParameters(mProperties);
        mSetParametersCount++;
    }
private:
    MetaServer()
        : mFileName(),
          mProperties(0),
          mStartupProperties(0),
          mCheckpointFlag(false),
          mSetParametersFlag(false),
          mRestartChunkServersFlag(false),
          mSetParametersCount(0),
          mClientListenerLocation(),
          mChunkServerListenerLocation(),
          mClientListenerIpV6OnlyFlag(false),
          mChunkServerListenerIpV6OnlyFlag(false),
          mLogDir(),
          mCPDir(),
          mMinChunkservers(1),
          mMaxChunkServers(-1),
          mMaxChunkServersSocketCount(-1),
          mMinReplicasPerFile(1),
          mIsPathToFidCacheEnabled(false),
          mStartupAbortOnPanicFlag(false),
          mAbortOnPanicFlag(true),
          mLogRotateIntervalSec(600),
          mMaxLockedMemorySize(0),
          mMaxFdLimit(-1)
        {}
    ~MetaServer()
    {
        globalNetManager().UnRegisterTimeoutHandler(this);
        signal(SIGHUP, SIG_DFL);
    }
    bool Startup(const char* fileName, bool createEmptyFsFlag)
    {
        if (! fileName) {
            return false;
        }
        if (signal(SIGUSR1, &MetaServer::Usr1Signal) == SIG_ERR) {
            cerr << QCUtils::SysError(
                errno, "signal(SIGUSR1):") << "\n";
            return false;
        }
        if (signal(SIGHUP, &MetaServer::HupSignal) == SIG_ERR) {
            cerr << QCUtils::SysError(
                errno, "signal(SIGHUP):") << "\n";
            return false;
        }
        if (signal(SIGQUIT, &MetaServer::QuitSignal) == SIG_ERR) {
            cerr << QCUtils::SysError(
                errno, "signal(SIGQUIT):") << "\n";
            return false;
        }
        if (signal(SIGCHLD, &MetaServer::ChildSignal) == SIG_ERR) {
            cerr << QCUtils::SysError(
                errno, "signal(SIGCHLD):") << "\n";
            return false;
        }
        if (signal(SIGALRM, &MetaServer::AlarmSignal) == SIG_ERR) {
            cerr << QCUtils::SysError(
                errno, "signal(SIGALRM):") << "\n";
            return false;
        }
        // Ignore SIGPIPE's that generated when clients break TCP
        // connection.
        //
        if (signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN)  == SIG_ERR) {
            cerr << QCUtils::SysError(
                errno, "signal(SIGPIPE):") << "\n";
            return false;
        }
        mFileName = GetFullPath(fileName);
        if (mFileName.empty() ||
                mStartupProperties.loadProperties(
                    mFileName.c_str(), '=', &cerr)) {
            cerr << "invalid properties file: " << mFileName <<  "\n";
            return false;
        }
        return Startup(mStartupProperties, createEmptyFsFlag);
    }
    bool Startup(const Properties& props, bool createEmptyFsFlag);
    void SetParameters(const Properties& props);
    static void Usr1Signal(int)
        { sInstance.mCheckpointFlag = true; }
    static void HupSignal(int)
        { sInstance.mSetParametersFlag = true; }
    static void QuitSignal(int)
        { globalNetManager().Shutdown(); }
    static void ChildSignal(int)
        { /* nothing, process tracker does waitpd */ }
    static void AlarmSignal(int)
        { sInstance.mRestartChunkServersFlag = true; }
    static string GetFullPath(string fileName)
    {
        if (! fileName.empty() && fileName[0] == '/') {
            return fileName;
        }
        char buf[PATH_MAX];
        const char* const cwd = getcwd(buf, sizeof(buf));
        if (! cwd) {
            const int err = errno;
            cerr << "getcwd: " << strerror(err) << "\n";
            return string();
        }
        string ret = cwd;
        return (ret + "/" + fileName);
    }
    bool Startup(bool createEmptyFsFlag, bool createEmptyFsIfNoCpExistsFlag);

    // This is to get settings from the core file.
    string         mFileName;
    Properties     mProperties;
    Properties     mStartupProperties;
    bool           mCheckpointFlag;
    bool           mSetParametersFlag;
    bool           mRestartChunkServersFlag;
    int            mSetParametersCount;
    // Port at which KFS clients connect and send RPCs
    ServerLocation mClientListenerLocation;
    // Port at which Chunk servers connect
    ServerLocation mChunkServerListenerLocation;
    bool           mClientListenerIpV6OnlyFlag;
    bool           mChunkServerListenerIpV6OnlyFlag;
    // paths for logs and checkpoints
    string         mLogDir;
    string         mCPDir;
    // min # of chunk servers to exit recovery mode
    uint32_t       mMinChunkservers;
    int            mMaxChunkServers;
    int            mMaxChunkServersSocketCount;
    int16_t        mMinReplicasPerFile;
    bool           mIsPathToFidCacheEnabled;
    bool           mStartupAbortOnPanicFlag;
    bool           mAbortOnPanicFlag;
    int            mLogRotateIntervalSec;
    int64_t        mMaxLockedMemorySize;
    int            mMaxFdLimit;

    static MetaServer sInstance;
} MetaServer::sInstance;

void
MetaServer::SetParameters(const Properties& props)
{
    // min # of chunkservers that should connect to exit recovery mode
    mMinChunkservers = props.getValue(
        "metaServer.minChunkservers", mMinChunkservers);
    mMaxChunkServers = props.getValue(
        "metaServer.maxChunkservers", mMaxChunkServers);
    if (0 <= mMaxChunkServersSocketCount) {
        KFS_LOG_STREAM_INFO <<
            "setting chunk servers limit:"
            " max: " << mMaxChunkServers <<
            " min: " << mMinChunkservers <<
            " chunk servers socket limit: " << mMaxChunkServersSocketCount <<
        KFS_LOG_EOM;
        mMaxChunkServers = min(mMaxChunkServersSocketCount, mMaxChunkServers);
        ChunkServer::SetMaxChunkServerCount(mMaxChunkServers);
        // Allow to set min greater than max to force "recoverY" mode.
    }
    KFS_LOG_STREAM_INFO << "min chunk servers that should connect: " <<
        mMinChunkservers <<
    KFS_LOG_EOM;
    gLayoutManager.SetMinChunkserversToExitRecovery(mMinChunkservers);

    // desired min. # of replicas per file
    mMinReplicasPerFile = props.getValue(
        "metaServer.minReplicasPerFile", mMinReplicasPerFile);
    KFS_LOG_STREAM_INFO << "min. # of replicas per file: " <<
        mMinReplicasPerFile <<
    KFS_LOG_EOM;

    const bool wormMode = props.getValue("metaServer.wormMode", 0) != 0;
    if (wormMode) {
        KFS_LOG_STREAM_INFO << "Enabling WORM mode" << KFS_LOG_EOM;
        setWORMMode(wormMode);
    }

    mLogRotateIntervalSec = max(3,
        props.getValue("metaServer.mLogRotateInterval",
            mLogRotateIntervalSec));

    logger_set_rotate_interval(mLogRotateIntervalSec);

    string chunkmapDumpDir = props.getValue("metaServer.chunkmapDumpDir", ".");
    setChunkmapDumpDir(chunkmapDumpDir);
    metatree.setUpdatePathSpaceUsage(props.getValue(
        "metaServer.updateDirSizes",
        metatree.getUpdatePathSpaceUsageFlag() ? 1 : 0) != 0);
}

///
/// Read and validate the configuration settings for the meta
/// server. The configuration file is assumed to contain lines of the
/// form: xxx.yyy.zzz = <value>
/// @result 0 on success; -1 on failure
/// @param[in] fileName File that contains configuration information
/// for the chunk server.
///
bool
MetaServer::Startup(const Properties& props, bool createEmptyFsFlag)
{
    MsgLogger::GetLogger()->SetLogLevel(
        props.getValue("metaServer.loglevel",
        MsgLogger::GetLogLevelNamePtr(MsgLogger::GetLogger()->GetLogLevel()))
    );
    MsgLogger::GetLogger()->SetUseNonBlockingIo(true);
    MsgLogger::GetLogger()->SetMaxLogWaitTime(0);
    MsgLogger::GetLogger()->SetParameters(props, "metaServer.msgLogWriter.");

    // bump up the # of open fds to as much as possible
    mMaxFdLimit = SetMaxNoFileLimit();
    if (mMaxFdLimit < 32) {
        KFS_LOG_STREAM_FATAL <<
            "insufficient file descripro limit: " << mMaxFdLimit <<
        KFS_LOG_EOM;
        return false;
    }
    mMaxLockedMemorySize = (int64_t)props.getValue(
        "metaServer.maxLockedMemory", (double)mMaxLockedMemorySize);
    string errMsg;
    int err = LockProcessMemory(
        mMaxLockedMemorySize,
        min(int64_t(128) << 20, mMaxLockedMemorySize / 3),
        min(int64_t(128) << 20, mMaxLockedMemorySize / 4),
        &errMsg
    );
    if (err != 0) {
        KFS_LOG_STREAM_FATAL <<
            errMsg <<
            (errMsg.empty() ? QCUtils::SysError(
                err, "lock process memory") : string()) <<
        KFS_LOG_EOM;
        return false;
    }
    err = GetIoBufAllocator().GetBufferPool().Create(
        props.getValue("metaServer.bufferPool.partitions", 1),
        props.getValue("metaServer.bufferPool.partionBuffers",
            (sizeof(long) < 8 ? 32 : 256) << 10),
        props.getValue("metaServer.bufferPool.bufferSize", 4 << 10),
        props.getValue("metaServer.bufferPool.lockMemory",0) != 0 ||
            mMaxLockedMemorySize > 0
    );
    globalNetManager().SetMaxAcceptsPerRead(1024);
    if (err != 0) {
        KFS_LOG_STREAM_FATAL <<
            QCUtils::SysError(err, "io buffer pool create: ") <<
        KFS_LOG_EOM;
        return false;
    }
    if (! SetIOBufferAllocator(&GetIoBufAllocator())) {
        KFS_LOG_STREAM_FATAL <<
            "failed to set io buffer allocatior" <<
        KFS_LOG_EOM;
        return false;
    }
    mClientListenerLocation.port = props.getValue("metaServer.clientPort",
        mClientListenerLocation.port);
    if (mClientListenerLocation.port < 0) {
        KFS_LOG_STREAM_FATAL <<
            "invalid client port: " << mClientListenerLocation.port <<
        KFS_LOG_EOM;
        return false;
    }
    mClientListenerLocation.hostname = props.getValue("metaServer.clientIp",
        mClientListenerLocation.hostname);
    mClientListenerIpV6OnlyFlag =
        props.getValue("metaServer.clientIpV6Only",
        mClientListenerIpV6OnlyFlag ? 1 : 0) != 0;
    KFS_LOG_STREAM_INFO << "meta server client listner: " <<
        mClientListenerLocation <<
        (mClientListenerIpV6OnlyFlag ? " ipv6 only" : "") <<
    KFS_LOG_EOM;
    mChunkServerListenerLocation.port =
        props.getValue("metaServer.chunkServerPort",
        mChunkServerListenerLocation.port);
    if (mChunkServerListenerLocation.port < 0) {
        KFS_LOG_STREAM_FATAL << "invalid chunk server port: " <<
            mChunkServerListenerLocation.port <<
        KFS_LOG_EOM;
        return false;
    }
    mChunkServerListenerLocation.hostname =
        props.getValue("metaServer.chunkServerIp",
        mChunkServerListenerLocation.hostname);
    mChunkServerListenerIpV6OnlyFlag =
        props.getValue("metaServer.chunkServerIpV6Only",
        mChunkServerListenerIpV6OnlyFlag ? 1 : 0) != 0;
    KFS_LOG_STREAM_INFO << "meta server chunk server listener: " <<
        mChunkServerListenerLocation <<
        (mChunkServerListenerIpV6OnlyFlag ? " ipv6 only" : "") <<
    KFS_LOG_EOM;
    mLogDir = props.getValue("metaServer.logDir", mLogDir);
    mCPDir = props.getValue("metaServer.cpDir", mCPDir);
    // By default, path->fid cache is disabled.
    mIsPathToFidCacheEnabled = props.getValue("metaServer.enablePathToFidCache",
        mIsPathToFidCacheEnabled ? 1 : 0) != 0;
    KFS_LOG_STREAM_INFO << "path->fid cache " <<
        (mIsPathToFidCacheEnabled ? "enabled" : "disabled") <<
    KFS_LOG_EOM;
    mStartupAbortOnPanicFlag = props.getValue("metaServer.startupAbortOnPanic",
        mStartupAbortOnPanicFlag ? 1 : 0) != 0;
    mAbortOnPanicFlag        = props.getValue("metaServer.abortOnPanicFlag",
        mAbortOnPanicFlag ? 1 : 0) != 0;

    // Enable directory space update by default.
    metatree.setUpdatePathSpaceUsage(true);

    SetParameters(props);

    const int maxSocketFd = mMaxFdLimit - min(256, (mMaxFdLimit + 2) / 3);
    if (mMaxChunkServers < 0) {
        mMaxChunkServers = min(max(4 << 10, 2 * (int)mMinChunkservers),
            maxSocketFd / (512 < maxSocketFd ? 8 : 4));
    }
    const int kMinClientSocketCount = 16;
    if (mMaxChunkServers < (int)mMinChunkservers ||
            maxSocketFd < mMaxChunkServers + kMinClientSocketCount) {
        KFS_LOG_STREAM_FATAL <<
            "insufficient file descriptors limit: " << mMaxFdLimit <<
            " for number of chunk servers:"
            " min: " << mMinChunkservers <<
            " max: " << mMaxChunkServers <<
            " min client socket count: " << kMinClientSocketCount <<
        KFS_LOG_EOM;
        return false;
    }
    const int maxClientSocketCount = maxSocketFd - mMaxChunkServers;
    mMaxChunkServersSocketCount = mMaxChunkServers;
    KFS_LOG_STREAM_INFO <<
        "hard limits:"
        " open files: "    << mMaxFdLimit <<
        " chunk servers: " << mMaxChunkServersSocketCount <<
        " clients: "       << maxClientSocketCount <<
    KFS_LOG_EOM;
    ChunkServer::SetMaxChunkServerCount(mMaxChunkServers);
    gNetDispatch.SetMaxClientSockets(maxClientSocketCount);

    gLayoutManager.SetBufferPool(&GetIoBufAllocator().GetBufferPool());
    bool okFlag = gLayoutManager.SetParameters(
        props, mClientListenerLocation.port);
    if (okFlag) {
        globalNetManager().RegisterTimeoutHandler(this);
        okFlag = gNetDispatch.Bind(
            mClientListenerLocation,
            mClientListenerIpV6OnlyFlag,
            mChunkServerListenerLocation,
            mChunkServerListenerIpV6OnlyFlag
        );
        if (okFlag) {
            KFS_LOG_STREAM_INFO << (createEmptyFsFlag ?
                "creating empty file system" :
                "starting metaserver") <<
            KFS_LOG_EOM;
            if ((okFlag = Startup(createEmptyFsFlag,
                    props.getValue("metaServer.createEmptyFs", 0) != 0))) {
                if (! createEmptyFsFlag) {
                    KFS_LOG_STREAM_INFO << "start servicing" << KFS_LOG_EOM;
                    // The following only returns after receiving SIGQUIT.
                    okFlag = gNetDispatch.Start();
                }
            }
        } else {
            KFS_LOG_STREAM_FATAL <<
                "failed to bind to " << mClientListenerLocation <<
                " or " << mChunkServerListenerLocation <<
            KFS_LOG_EOM;
        }
    } else {
        KFS_LOG_STREAM_FATAL <<
            "failed to set parameters " <<
        KFS_LOG_EOM;
    }
    gLayoutManager.Shutdown();
    return okFlag;
}

static bool
CheckDirWritable(
    const char*   inErrMsgPrefixPtr,
    const string& inDir)
{
    string testFile = inDir + "/.dirtest";
    int fd;
    if ((fd = open(testFile.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY, 0644)) < 0 ||
            write(fd, "0", 1) != 1 ||
            close(fd) != 0 ||
            remove(testFile.c_str()) != 0) {
        const int status = errno;
        if (0 <= fd) {
            close(fd);
            remove(testFile.c_str());
        }
        KFS_LOG_STREAM_FATAL << inErrMsgPrefixPtr <<
            inDir << ": " <<
            QCUtils::SysError(status) <<
        KFS_LOG_EOM;
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

struct MetaSetFsInfo : public MetaRequest
{
public:
    MetaSetFsInfo(
        int64_t fsid,
        int64_t crTime)
        : MetaRequest(META_SET_FILE_SYSTEM_INFO, true),
          fileSystemId(fsid),
          createTime(crTime)
        {}
    virtual void handle()
    {
        if (status != 0) {
            return;
        }
        if (fileSystemId < 0 || 0 < metatree.GetFsId()) {
            status = -EINVAL;
            return;
        }
        metatree.SetFsInfo(fileSystemId, createTime);
    }
    virtual int log(ostream& os) const
    {
        if (status == 0) {
            os << "filesysteminfo"
                "/fsid/"   << fileSystemId <<
                "/crtime/" << ShowTime(createTime) <<
            "\n";
        }
        return (os.fail() ? -EIO : 0);
    }
    virtual ostream& ShowSelf(ostream& os) const
    {
        return (os <<
            "fsid: "  << fileSystemId <<
            " time: " << createTime
        );
    }
private:
    const int64_t fileSystemId;
    const int64_t createTime;
};

bool
MetaServer::Startup(bool createEmptyFsFlag, bool createEmptyFsIfNoCpExistsFlag)
{
    if (! CheckDirWritable("log directory: ", mLogDir) ||
            ! CheckDirWritable("checkpoint directory: ", mCPDir)) {
        return false;
    }

    seq_t fsid = 0;
    if (! CryptoKeys::PseudoRand(&fsid, sizeof(fsid))) {
        KFS_LOG_STREAM_FATAL <<
            "failed to initialize pseudo random number generator" <<
        KFS_LOG_EOM;
        return false;
    }
    if (fsid == 0) {
        fsid = 1;
    } else if (fsid < 0) {
        fsid = -fsid;
    }
    metatree.disableFidToPathname();
    const bool updateSpaceUsageFlag =
        metatree.getUpdatePathSpaceUsageFlag();
    metatree.setUpdatePathSpaceUsage(false);
    logger_setup_paths(mLogDir);
    checkpointer_setup_paths(mCPDir);

    const char* const pidFileName = mStartupProperties.getValue(
        "metaServer.pidFile",
        ""
    );
    if (pidFileName && *pidFileName) {
        ofstream pidf(pidFileName,
            ofstream::out | ofstream::trunc | ofstream::binary);
        if (pidf) {
            pidf << getpid() << "\n";
            pidf.close();
            if (pidf.fail()) {
                const int err = errno;
                KFS_LOG_STREAM_FATAL << "failed to write pid file " <<
                    pidFileName << ": " << QCUtils::SysError(err) <<
                KFS_LOG_EOM;
                return false;
            }
        } else {
            const int err = errno;
            KFS_LOG_STREAM_FATAL << "failed to create pid file " <<
                pidFileName << ": " << QCUtils::SysError(err) <<
            KFS_LOG_EOM;
            return false;
        }
    }
    setAbortOnPanic(mStartupAbortOnPanicFlag);
    int  status;
    bool rollChunkIdSeedFlag;
    if (createEmptyFsFlag && file_exists(LASTCP)) {
        KFS_LOG_STREAM_INFO <<
            "failed to crete empty files system:"
            " checkpoint already exists: " << LASTCP <<
        KFS_LOG_EOM;
        return false;
    }
    if (! createEmptyFsFlag &&
            (! createEmptyFsIfNoCpExistsFlag || file_exists(LASTCP))) {
        // Init fs id if needed, leave create time 0, restorer will set these
        // unless fsinfo entry doesn't exit.
        Restorer r;
        status = r.rebuild(LASTCP, mMinReplicasPerFile) ? 0 : -EIO;
        rollChunkIdSeedFlag = true;
    } else {
        KFS_LOG_STREAM_INFO <<
            "creating new empty file system" <<
        KFS_LOG_EOM;
        metatree.SetFsInfo(fsid, microseconds());
        status = metatree.new_tree(
            mStartupProperties.getValue(
                "metaServer.rootDirUser",
                kKfsUserRoot),
            mStartupProperties.getValue(
                "metaServer.rootDirGroup",
                kKfsGroupRoot),
            mStartupProperties.getValue(
                "metaServer.rootDirMode",
                0755)
        );
        rollChunkIdSeedFlag = false;
    }
    if (status != 0) {
        KFS_LOG_STREAM_FATAL << "checkpoint load failed: " <<
            QCUtils::SysError(-status) <<
        KFS_LOG_EOM;
        return false;
    }
    KFS_LOG_STREAM_INFO << "replaying logs" << KFS_LOG_EOM;
    status = replayer.playAllLogs();
    if (status != 0) {
        KFS_LOG_STREAM_FATAL << "log replay failed: " <<
            QCUtils::SysError(-status) <<
        KFS_LOG_EOM;
        return false;
    }
    if (rollChunkIdSeedFlag) {
        const int64_t minRollChunkIdSeed = mStartupProperties.getValue(
            "metaServer.rollChunkIdSeed", int64_t(32) << 10);
        if (0 < minRollChunkIdSeed &&
                replayer.getRollSeeds() < minRollChunkIdSeed) {
            chunkID.setseed(chunkID.getseed() +
                minRollChunkIdSeed - max(int64_t(0), replayer.getRollSeeds()));
        }
    }
    // get the sizes of all dirs up-to-date
    KFS_LOG_STREAM_INFO << "updating space utilization" << KFS_LOG_EOM;
    metatree.setUpdatePathSpaceUsage(true);
    metatree.setUpdatePathSpaceUsage(updateSpaceUsageFlag);
    metatree.enableFidToPathname();
    if (mIsPathToFidCacheEnabled) {
        metatree.enablePathToFidCache();
    }
    // empty the dumpster dir on startup; if it doesn't exist, create it
    // whatever is in the dumpster needs to be nuked anyway; if we
    // remove all the file entries from that dir, the space for the
    // chunks of the file will get reclaimed: chunkservers will tell us
    // about chunks we don't know and those will nuked due to staleness
    emptyDumpsterDir();
    logger_init(mLogRotateIntervalSec);
    if ((status = checkpointer_init()) != 0) {
        KFS_LOG_STREAM_FATAL << "checkpoint initialization failure: " <<
            QCUtils::SysError(-status) <<
        KFS_LOG_EOM;
        return false;
    }
    if (metatree.GetFsId() <= 0) {
        submit_request(new MetaSetFsInfo(fsid, 0));
    }
    setAbortOnPanic(mAbortOnPanicFlag);
    gLayoutManager.InitRecoveryStartTime();
    return true;
}

}

int
main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    return KFS::MetaServer::Run(argc, argv);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Love, love, love these little cuties!
Bronze metallic finish over crystal glass. As seen in the pictures, they transmit light beautifully, showing off their plum under tones.
LOVE ordering from this vendor! Great items, great prices, items received as pictured. Am ordering more today!


There are 48 Banking, Finance and Insurance jobs currently available in Calgary, AB. You can further refine your search for Banking, Finance and Insurance jobs in Calgary using the provided filter options. Filter by keyword, posted date, and job type.


text:
Why Science Is A Non-Issue In The Election...Again
Organization: Talk of the Nation
Strategic Approach: Other, Audiences
An NPR Science Friday piece questions a panel of experts as to why science is at the bottom of the list of campaign issues that resonate with the public and whether recent extreme weather events will cause climate change to be part of the presidential campaign and debate.
Host Ira Flatow interviews the following guests:
David Gergen, professor of Public Service and director of the Center for Public Leadership at Harvard Kennedy School
Dr. Michael Lubell, professor of physics at City College of the City University of New York
Shawn Otto, CEO and co-founder of ScienceDebate.org
Experts discuss why scientists and decision makers should be doing more to communicate to the public about the science of climate change, as well as illustrate how scientific research and new technologies benefit our everyday lives.
Presidential candidates don't need to be scientists to debate science. They debate other issues like economics without being economists or issues of faith without being pastors, the same should apply to debating important scientific issues like climate change.
Questions of jobs and deficits will likely dominate the presidential debates over science. If there is a debate question about climate change it may focus on technology.
The public has a hard time relating to scientists and doesn't know how science contributes to our daily lives. This is combined with a diminishing trust in the government in general, and thus a lack of trust in its ability to translate science in a way that will benefit the public. Democrats tend to have more trust in government and think government can do more for science.
The problem may be that scientists are failing to effectively communicate what they do. The scientific community needs to be more engaged and out front in public dialogue.
It's also important to help the public understand the benefits of scientific research, as well as raising awareness of scientific investigations and breakthroughs.
For climate change to be on the map, the president has to take more of a lead to stress that it's an important issue and show how science applies directly to people's lives.
Climate change can be overwhelming, but a conversation about technology, research, and science can generate excitement and positive morale about the future.
Photo of President Obama via (cc) Flickr user borman818
Photo of Mitt Romney via (cc) Flickr user Gage Skidmore
NRP_Why Science Is A Non-Issue In The Election Again.pdf, AUDIO Why Science is a Non-Issue in the Election Again.mp3
BLOG: Insights from leading climate thinkers and doers
Cultural Cognition of Scientific Consensus
More Than Scientists: Video Collection
Increasing Public Understanding of Climate Risks & Choices
Climate Change in the American Mind: Americans' Global Warming Beliefs and Attitudes in November 2011
Extreme Weather and Climate Change: How Can We Address Uncertainty
The Politics of Climate
Climate Science Communications Assessment


Hi there. Does anyone out there have a montage 6 connected to a laptop with mixcraft 8 recording studio.
I'm having trouble trying to record using only the Yamaha sounds, not the sounds in mixcraft. If anyone has the same set up,what settings and cables are they using. Would be a great if anyone can talk us through it step by step as I'm new to this. Thanks !


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Get the Luther Advantage when you buy your vehicle at a Luther Automotive dealership. Click here to learn more about the Luther Advantage.


text:
'Every Experience Makes Me Want to Be A Doctor More.'
Jackelin is a 23-year-old medical student.
September 7, 2018 - Bolivia
Jackelin at her university UCEBOL. "At this university I will get the best education for becoming a good doctor."
Jackelin is in her fourth year of studies. "I am happy that I have passed the two first years, which were mainly theory. The last year of studying was way more interesting." It's something she has always known. Her favorite part of the medical field: Having contact with people.
"The best thing about being a doctor is that every patient is different. They are different in their being, their race, and socio-economic level, and I get to know them all," Jackelin says.
To make her dream come true, Jackelin keeps a busy schedule. From Monday to Friday she has hands-on training in the mornings in the hospital, lecture at university in the afternoons, and on Saturdays, she works for a medical brigade.
What she learns from university in the morning, she uses at the hospital in the afternoon. At the hospital, she works directly with patients under professional supervision of experienced doctors. Through her studies, Jackelin understands better what problems patients have and also how to help them.
For Jackelin, the most important thing about being a doctor is maintaining well-grounded knowledge and confidence. Both confidence in herself, as well as gaining the confidence of her patients. "If a patient trusts you, it is easier to help them." When asked about the easiest and most challenging part of her studies, she answers, "I am really good in emergencies and doing patient check-ins. I love to talk to patients. To listen to them and to laugh with them." On the other hand work, with a microscope is the most challenging part of her studies, because she can find it boring to keep at it for hours at a time.
Finally, she works for a medical brigade. They visit rural areas or poor regions to offer medical services to people living far from access to medical care. Being able to help people in need who do not have access to medicine was part of what drove her to become a doctor, as Jackelin grew up in a small rural community with hardly any medical support at all.
In one visit to a rural area, the most emotional moment of her year took place. It was her turn to help in the pharmacy and give injections to patients, when suddenly an old man came in. He had a deformed leg and could hardly walk. Jackelin attended to him, analyzed his wound and helped him through his treatment. Throughout the process, she talked to him and explained everything that she was doing.
At the end, he took her hand and said "Thanks a lot. You treated me today, like no doctor has ever treated me. Normally poor people, like me, are not used to being treated well. Often, doctors do not talk to us or feel disgusted. I have faith that you will be a really good doctor."
You may be only one person in the world, but you may be all the world to one child.
—Fr. William Wasson


Adjust the height of the seat on the seated ab-crunch machine so that the front of your shoulders rest against the padded lever. Insert the pin into the weight stack to select the load you'd like to lift. Sit on the machine and lift your arms over the lever pad.
Exhale and flex your waist to push against he padded lever and bend forward at the waist. Keep your hips in the seat. Maintain a slow cadence, avoiding any jerky movement in an attempt to lift more weight.
Inhale as you extend your waist and return to a vertical sitting position. Once you return to upright, go right into the next repetition. Continue until you're finished with all your repetitions.
Lie on your back on the machine and adjust your position so that your head rests directly atop the head pad. Insert the pin into the weight stack to select the load you'd like to lift. Grip the bars that are positioned on either side of your face. Some lying ab-crunch machines have their handles positioned by the sides of your torso.
Exhale as you flex forward at the waist and raise the upper-back pad. Keep your hips firmly against the pad. The upward movement should be slow and steady rather than fast and jerky.
Inhale as you extend at the waist and lower the upper back pad so that it returns to the starting position. Go right into the next rep and continue until your entire set is completed.
Do the ab-crunch exercise two to three days per week, allowing for one day off between sessions for your rectus abdominis and obliques to recover. If you're adding the exercise to your full-body weight-training workouts, add it at the very end of your session so that your abdominals and obliques aren't fatigued as you do your other exercises. Ab crunches can also be included in a core workout consisting of multiple abdominal and oblique exercises.
Complete two to three sets of the ab-crunch machine exercise, with each set consisting of 15 to 20 repetitions. Rest 60 to 90 seconds in between sets.
Use a weight that makes completing each set challenging. If you can complete 20 repetitions and you're not fatigued, increase the amount of weight you're using by five pounds. If you're unable to complete 15 reps or find yourself having to jerk forward to finish them, lower the weight selected on the machine.
As you build abdominal and oblique strength, consider incorporating other ab exercises into your regimen. The bicycle crunch, vertical-leg crunch and crunches on an exercise ball are abdominal exercises that are more effective at recruiting and thus developing the rectus abdominis and obliques.


text:
Vol. 83/No. 47 ● December 23, 2019 The-Militant-Logo A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF WORKING PEOPLE
Strikers hang tough in battle against Asarco
Solidarity crucial in fight against union busting
By Betsey Stone
and Ellie García
Militant/Betsey Stone Copper workers on strike against assault by Asarco bosses picket Ray Mine in Arizona Dec. 9.
KEARNY, Ariz. — "This strike is about whether they can take away what earlier generations have fought for," retired Asarco miner Susan Miller-Middaugh told these Militant worker-correspondents outside an IGA grocery store here after we stopped her to ask directions to the United Steelworkers union hall Dec. 8. "If they break this union, which is what they are trying to do, the workers will have no protection. They can be fired for any reason. There is no excuse for those who cross the picket line."
Some 1,700 members of the Steelworkers, Teamsters and five other unions are in a bitter fight against copper giant Asarco. Workers have been on strike since Oct. 13 at Asarco's Ray Mine, a short drive north of here; at its smelter complex in nearby Hayden; at its Mission and Silver Bell Mine complexes near Tucson and at its refinery in Amarillo, Texas.
Militant/Betsey Stone Striking Asarco workers picket Ray Mine Dec. 9. Copper miners need, deserve broad solidarity.
Asarco is out to bust the union. Asarco — which is owned by Grupo Mexico, one of the largest copper companies in the world — imposed its "last and final offer" Dec. 2, in other words, the company says no more negotiations. That "offer" includes a pay freeze for nearly three-quarters of the workers, a slight raise for the highest paid, a freeze on pensions, doubling or tripling health care costs and weakening union protections on the job.
"If you support the strike, I need to give you some strike support posters," said Miller-Middaugh, who keeps a stash of placards in her car. She tells us that in 1973 she was the first woman to work in the Ray Mine, Asarco's largest complex, with some 800 workers.
Before the strike there were many women in the mine, she said, enough that there were all-women crews. When told that Stone was bringing a solidarity card from workers at the Walmart where she works, and that Garcia had worked at a Kennecott copper smelter in Utah in the early 1990s, she insisted on driving with us to the union hall.
The company claims that 340 workers have crossed the picket line. This includes about 100 workers, the majority, at the Silver Bell Mine — Asarco's smallest complex. The company has gotten some production going at the Ray Mine and Mission complexes, using supervisors, some workers who have crossed the line, nonunion contractors and newly hired scabs.
But the strike has forced Asarco to shut down the smelter and concentrator complex in Hayden and its Amarillo refinery. The company is stockpiling copper concentrate in Hayden produced from its mines, but will soon run out of storage space if the bosses can't get the smelter running again. Asarco just recently finished refurbishing the smelter, spending $229 million.
In a conference call with its investors a couple weeks into the strike, Grupo Mexico said it planned to get production up to 100% at the Mission Mine by the end of the year and restart at the Ray mill by January. So far, the strike has upset those plans.
Strikers are picketing outside all the Asarco facilities around-the-clock, seven days a week. "We are here for as long as it takes," Rico Lopez told us when we joined the picket line at the Ray Mine.
Lopez is a shovel and drill mechanic, as is his older brother Adrian Lopez. They come from four generations of copper miners.
'Asarco tried to divide us for years'
"This company has been trying to divide us for years," Adrian Lopez said. "Starting 10 years ago, they took away the bonuses of the new hires, something the union had fought for and won. Then they took away the defined pensions of workers with less seniority, substituting 401(k)s.
There is a long history of hard-fought copper mine battles in Arizona. Above, state government sent guardsmen and troopers to protect strikebreakers in 1983 strike against Phelps Dodge. Morenci mine is now owned by Freeport-McMoRan, remains nonunion.
"Now they want to divide us by refusing wage increases to the majority, while giving raises to others," he said. "We're saying, no." To drive this point home, several picketers carried signs saying, "End inequality at Asarco/Grupo Mexico."
Strikers said that some of those who crossed the picket line are workers from outside the area. "They haven't grown up with the idea of union," said Adrian Lopez. "Some others aren't crossing, but they haven't become active in the union. We tell them we need to stand up or we'll keep going backwards."
For more than a century eastern Arizona has been a center of bloody battles between copper bosses and the miners. Rico Lopez said they grew up in this small town of 2,000 where generations of family members fought for the union and walked picket lines as children. Both brothers said that before the strike they had spent time discussing with workers about what had been won and defended through the union, urging them not to cross the picket line.
Solidarity crucial
Strikers welcomed the solidarity from over 40 workers at the Walmart outside of Oakland, California, who wrote messages of support and encouragement next to their signatures on the solidarity card. Some strikers said they've gotten jobs at an area Walmart to help see themselves through the strike.
The strikers are buoyed up by the support they get in Kearny and nearby copper towns, where almost everyone has a family member or friend who has or is working in copper — from the waitresses at the Old Time Pizza to the small businesses people who put strike support signs in their windows.
Not everyone supports the strike. "It's polarized," said Richard Perez, an SX maintenance worker at the mine. "I grew up here being union, knowing that you are on one side or the other, there's no in between." Perez was volunteering at the Steelworkers union hall to help fellow strikers get assistance.
The strikers need support, including solidarity messages, visits to reinforce picket lines and donations to strike funds and for Christmas. For strikers at the Ray Mine and Hayden Smelter in Kearney and Hayden, send contributions and messages of support to USW Local 915, Strike Assistance, P.O. Box 550, Kearny, AZ 85137. For strikers at the Mission and Silver Bell complexes outside of Tucson, send donations to the Pima Area Labor Federation Community Services via paypal.me/palfcommunityservice. Solidarity messages to the strike can be sent via palfchair@gmail.com.
Virginia transit workers strike for equal pay, workplace safety
LORTON, Va. — Some 130 Metrobus workers from Amalgamated Transit Union Local 689 at the Cinder Bed Road have been on strike since Oct. 24. They were briefly joined by nearly 600 Fairfax Connector workers, members of ATU Local 1764,…
French public hospital workers protest government cutbacks
PARIS — Some 10,000 public hospital workers conducted a one-day strike and march here Nov. 14 to defend the country's public hospitals. For the first time, members of all medical professions — from nursing assistants to doctors — acted together.…
Airline food catering workers rally for higher pay, health care
SAN FRANCISCO — Hundreds of airline workers joined protests at airports in 16 cities Nov. 26 in support of food catering workers fighting for higher pay and affordable health care coverage. The workers, employed by LSG Sky Chefs and Gate…
Bus drivers in New Zealand fight for higher wages
AUCKLAND, New Zealand — In the week beginning Dec. 2, around half of all bus trips in Auckland became free to the public. More than 900 drivers employed by two of the city's bus companies — NZ Bus and Go…
NATO summit reflects crisis of imperialist world 'order'
Welcome new readers! Help get out books, the 'Militant'
See revolutionary Cuba for yourself: Join International May Day brigade!
'Militant' sends holiday greetings to workers behind prison walls
US gov't weighs sending more troops into its Mideast wars
Overseas Chinese and China's growing weight in world politics
US life expectancy declines for three years in a row
NY event discusses 'Thomas Sankara's Legacy Today'
Mass protest advances Hong Kong political rights fight
French protests say 'Hands off our pensions'!
Protest cop killing of Kumanjayi Walker!
Fall Campaign to sell Militant subscriptions and books. Oct. 5 - Dec. 10 (Final chart)
Socialist Workers Party Fund Drive. Oct. 5 – Dec. 10 (Final chart)


text:
You are here: Home › Innovation & Transfer › Entrepreneurial Culture
Promoting Entrepreneurial Culture at the University of Freiburg
The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs launched the competition "EXIST Entrepreneurial Culture – the Entrepreneurial University" to encourage more entrepreneurial spirit at German universities. The University of Freiburg was successful in the competition with its strategic concept "Windows for Entrepreneurship" and is among the 22 universities in Germany now receiving funding from the program. The goal is to develop and implement a comprehensive strategy for entrepreneurial culture and entrepreneurial spirit. At the heart of the strategy is the "Freiburg Entrepreneurial ABC," which rests on the following three pillars:
"A" as in "Aus- und Weiterbilden" (training and continuing education)
"B" as in "Beraten und Begleiten" (advising and supervision)
"C" as in "Coachen" (coaching)
The team at the University of Freiburg's Entrepreneurial Office advises all members of the university on questions concerning self-employment and founding a company. The employees help aspiring businesswomen and businessmen to draw up business plans and apply for funding from the federal and state governments. In addition, the Entrepreneurial Office provides a wide variety of networking opportunities and grants entrepreneurs access to university resources. It organizes networks to help professionalize new businesses and improve their prospects for growth. Moreover, the Entrepreneurial Office also offers courses, continuing education and qualification programs, and workshops on topics of interest for entrepreneurs.
Vice-President for Research and Innovation
Prof. Dr. Gunther Neuhaus
Dr. Frauke Lorenzen
frauke.lorenzen
@zv.uni-freiburg.de
Stefanie Mößner
stefanie.moessner@
zv.uni-freiburg.de
Department of Microsystems Engineering;
Laboratory for Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces
Georges-Koehler-Allee 103
Quelle: Promoting Entrepreneurial Culture at the University of Freiburg — University of Freiburg
https://www.uni-freiburg.de/innovation-en/gruendungskultur-en/gruendungskultur-en ( Jan 19, 2020 )


When the power goes out on a hot day, most people assume overuse of air conditioning is to blame.
But from June 12 through July 7, four substation outages in Portland's westside suburbs and in North Portland were caused by adorably nimble, fluffy-tailed and overly adventurous squirrels.
"This is clearly an unusual convergence of squirrel activity," said Steve Corson, spokesman for PGE. "We'd like to have a break from squirrels for awhile."
An Indiana Michigan Power spokesman says a squirrel got into a substation in Elkhart County and knocked out power to more than 4,000 customers.
Local legends suggest that Rheithrosciurus, which is thought to mostly eat giant acorns, can be savage. Hunters say that the squirrels will perch on low branches, jump onto a deer, gash its jugular vein, and disembowel the carcass.
Um...yeah. Good luck with all that.
Berkeley's squirrels can relax: The city is not going to gas them to death.
After months of deliberation by a specially convened squirrel subcommittee, the city staff has decided that the best way to control the chubby rodents is to stop feeding them.
The City Council unanimously approved a new city law Tuesday night that criminalizes the feeding of wildlife in city parks. Those caught throwing peanuts or breadcrumbs to squirrels, gophers or other critters could face a $1,000 fine, six months in jail or both.
Weird Al Yankovic's parody of Pharrell's "Happy"


text:
Keeping the Lights on with Prefab UPS Equipment Enclosures
Paige Welsh
Shipping Container Modifications | Industrial Enclosures |
For the data industry, manufacturers and emergency service providers, power outages just aren't an option. Even the few seconds it takes for a modern generator to come online can be disastrous. If critical equipment so much as shudders, carefully timed factory lines create defective products, crucial financial data can be corrupted or lost and even more dire, hospital life support systems may stumble.
That's why these sectors count on technologies called uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) to cover the transition from the power grid to a backup generator. Active Power, part of the Piller Group and ultimately owned by the UK engineering conglomerate Langley Holdings PLC has a UPS solution using a specialized rotating metal disc about as wide as a truck tire called a flywheel. When their customers request it, they place it inside a customized container such as our conex equipment enclosures and shelters. We worked with Active Power to design a containerized UPS equipment enclosure that could house a backup generator, switch gear, and UPS system all in one portable unit.
During a tour of their facility, Active Power showed Falcon's marketing team an opened-up version of their flywheel. When we saw the flywheel spinning in a finished version, we noticed that after a simulated power outage, it kept turning longer than we would have expected, especially considering its weight. This is because Active Power has designed their system to have minimal friction. Fully enclosed in its shell, the flywheel maintains its momentum even longer thanks to a vacuum seal and a system of magnets that have a lifting effect.
In real-world applications, power from the grid flows into the facility and spins the flywheel in passing while it simultaneously supplies the load. If power from the grid suddenly cuts out, the flywheel will keep turning and power the facility with its momentum until the generator assumes the load.
Often, batteries have filled the gap between grid power and generator power but switching to flywheels has numerous advantages. Unlike batteries, flywheels don't degrade over time, making them 12 times less likely to fail in an outage. End users also don't have to continuously replace batteries, a significant cut to the UPS's total cost of ownership. Flywheels take up less space and are more environmentally tolerant, making them far better for containerized solutions.
The inherent mobility and small footprint of a conex UPS equipment enclosure would enable the customer to place the UPS with minimal site prep, and the unassuming exterior would hopefully go unnoticed by vandals. Designed with the specs of a type 3R enclosure the container can be placed inside or outside the customer's manufacturing facility, maximizing their flexibility.
To keep their equipment cool, we also added cut-outs for industrial grade air conditioners and utility ports. Perforated steel walls on the interior helped deaden the noise of the air conditioners and created a sleek industrial appearance.
Normally when we ship out a conex equipment enclosure, we can only imagine what the final product will look like, but this time we got to see the loaded container in Active Power's facility. Filled with hundreds of feet of cable and Active Power's flywheel UPS systems, we could see it was ready to start a second life as the solution for power outages. Seeing our work in action meant a lot to us and we appreciate that the Active Power team took the time to show us yet another use for shipping container equipment enclosures.
Want to learn more about containerized equipment enclosures? Check out:
Case Study: Shipping Container-Based Enclosures for Audio Equipment
Case Study: Conex Water Treatment Equipment Enclosure for Portable "Dewatering" Plant to Treat Coal Ash Pond Water
Downloadable Guide: How Containerized Water Treatment Equipment Enclosures Improve Efficiencies
You can always contact us at 877-704-0177 or sales@falconstructures.com if you have more questions.
About Active Power
Active Power designs and manufactures flywheel uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems, modular infrastructure solutions (MIS), and energy storage products for mission critical applications worldwide from its headquarters and manufacturing plant in Austin, Texas. The company was founded in 1996 and became public in 2001(NASDAQ listed); until acquired in November 2016 by Piller Power Systems Inc, the US subsidiary of Piller Group GmbH. Today, customers are served via Austin and the Piller global network of subsidiaries and service centers that support the deployment of systems in more than 50 countries. Active Power and Driven by Motion are registered trademarks of Piller Power Systems Inc. The Piller group is a division of the UK engineering and industrial group, Langley Holdings plc.
← New Videos About Cargo Container Apartments and More
What to Check Before Buying a Shipping Container →
Shipping Container Modifications
Modified Shipping Container Security — A Safe Alternative?
Does My Storage Container Need Ventilation?
Make Access Easy with Shipping Container Side Doors


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Unfortunately, the HP2-H37 Test Engine Software is only compatible with Windows Operating System. However, we are working on a cross-platform version of the software. The new version of the HP2-H37 Test Engine Software (VCE) can be installed on all 3 major platforms: Windows, Mac and Linux.
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