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WG1 – Performance indicators
WG2 – Performance goals
WG3 – Establishment of a QC plan
WG4 – Implementation in a Case Study
WG5 – Drafting of guideline / recommendations
WG6 – Dissemination
Core Group
Geographical Distribution
Guimarães Final Conference
Join Action
Life-cycle analyses methods are used for the assessment of new and existing bridges, as well as for the evaluation of maintenance strategies. Management systems, capturing different degradation processes, are very often used in relation to such life-cycle analyses methods. Such systems, developed for a structural condition assessment, are usually based on deterministic performance prediction models which describe the future condition by a functional correlation between structural condition attributes, such as the structural age, and the mechanical, chemical and thermal loading processes.
The practical implementation of such models requires detailed information about its variables, but due to the non-consideration of uncertainties in input variables (scattering values), it does not allow any statement about the quality of the prediction. However, probabilistic performance prediction models, which can be considered as a relevant goal, presume the incorporation of uncertainties in the descriptive variables by probability distribution functions and support conclusions about the quality of the performance prediction.
Deterioration could lead to a decrease of performance to such an extent that a structure could not be able to satisfy the basic serviceability and safety requirements before the design life has expired. In order to prevent the premature failure of a construction, structural codes provide several practical principles and application rules such as the use of protective systems for material exposed in aggressive environment, the construction detailing aimed at avoiding the initiation of degradation, the maintenance actions to be regularly performed, etc.
Each construction, during its life cycle, will face with deterioration depending on several factors such as the environmental condition, the natural aging, the quality of the material, the execution of works and the planned maintenance. Therefore, several design procedures based on the prediction of the deterioration that will likely act on the structure will be developed in the framework of the international research. In addition, performance indicators for the present and future structural conditions on deterministic and probabilistic level will be defined and determined.
It is known that management systems are supported in QC plans which in turn are supported by performance indicators. Therefore, it is extremely important to analyse such indicators in terms of used assessment frameworks (e.g. what kind of equipment and software is being used), and in terms of the quantification procedure itself. In this particular work package, the objectives will be the definition of:
Technical indicators: the goal in the first step is to explore those performance indicators of bridge structures, in the course of international research cooperation, which capture the mechanical and technical properties and its degradation behaviour. These properties are already partly covered by norm specifications but not their complex time variable performance. Moreover, environmental condition, natural aging, and the quality of the material regarding to determined indicators will be investigated and evaluated in their meaningfulness. These considerations, however, also include service life design methods, aimed at estimating the period of time during which a structure or any component is able to achieve the performance requirements defined at the design stage with an adequate degree of reliability. On the basis of the quality of input information (mainly concerning with the available degradation models), as sketched in the above description, it is possible to distinguish among deterministic methods, usually based on building science principles, expert judgment and past experience, which provide a simple estimation of the service life, and probabilistic methods;
Sustainable indicators: in addition to technical performance indicators, which characterize the ultimate capacity as well as serviceability conditions, sustainability indicators, environmental based, will be also formulated. These variables characterize the environmental impact of a structure in the course of its total life cycle, expressed in terms of total energy consumption, carbon footprint (CO2 emission), balance of raw materials, etc. These indicators can be separated into direct and indirect indicators, where the former are related to the construction/maintenance itself and the latter are caused e.g. as a consequence of limited functionality;
Other indicators: other sustainable indicators, economic and social based, may be used to evaluate a bridge performance. These indicators capture, based on the technical performance of a structure, additional aspects that may influence the decision process and typically represent the discounted (accumulated) direct or indirect costs associated with construction and maintenance. Summed up over the full life-time, they represent part of or the full life-cycle costs. They can, in the context of multi-objective optimization, be understood as a weighting scheme to arrive to a single objective function that is to be minimized.
The milestone for this task is the publication of a report on these performance indicators until the end of year 1. Such report will address a general description of these indicators, how they are assessed (e.g. visual inspection, non-destructive tests and monitoring systems), with what frequency, what values are generally obtained and, finally, some general recommendations. This outcome will be one of the main inputs of WG5, being also used by WG3. The main achievements will be published in refereed scientific journal papers and in international conferences. A summary of obtained results will be also available at both website and web 2.0 (e.g. facebook). A joint workshop on this field will be organized at the end of this task.
Technical Report Database
Acoustic emission non-destructive passive method of monitoring which makes use of the elastic energy released when a material undergoes a change at the atomic scale, such as plastic deformation or cracking. Piezoelectric sensors attached to the surface of the structure detect the surface waves caused by these events and produce a voltage output. Signals which reach any sensor with amplitude greater than a user defined threshold are recorded and subsequently stored on an AE acquisition system. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Acceptance Agreement of the stakeholders (i .e. owners, users, contractors, society) to take over the structure or a part of it as its own property. Definitions Model Code 2010
Adverse state State in which a performance criterion is not met. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Asset management broadly defined, refers to any system that monitors and maintains things of value to an entity or group. It may apply to both tangible assets such as buildings and to intangible concepts such as intellectual property and goodwill. Asset management is a systematic process of operating, maintaining, upgrading, and disposing of assets cost-effectively. Alternative views of asset management in the engineering environment are: The practice of managing assets to achieve the greatest return (particularly useful for productive assets such as plant and equipment), and the process of monitoring and maintaining facilities systems, with the objective of providing the best possible service to users (appropriate for public infrastructure assets). COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Availability The probability that a component or system is functioning at a time t. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Bayesian decision theory is based upon Utility theory and is formulated in reference. It represents a probabilistic framework to quantify the utility and decision attributes (such as costs, benefits, consequences for human safety). It is differentiated between a prior, posterior, pre-posterior and a Value of information analysis. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Bayesian updating takes basis in the Bayes theorem. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Benefit A benefit constitutes a decision attribute associated with a gain. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Capacity ability of a member or a component, or a cross-section of a structure to action without mechanical failure e.g. bending resistance, buckling resistance, available ductility.. (IRIS-CEN modified). COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Condition assessment the process of reviewing information gathered about the current condition of structure or its components, its service environment and general circumstances, allowing a prognosis to be made of current and future performance, taking account of active deterioration processes and actual damage and, if appropriate, predictions of potential future deterioration processes and future damage. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Condition monitoring damage identification in rotating and reciprocating machinery. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Control measurement Measurement to monitor selected physical quantities (e.g. geometrical characteristics or structural deformations) Definitions Model Code 2010
Damage physical disruption or changes to the material and/or geometric properties of these a systems, including changes to the boundary conditions and system connectivity, which adversely affect the system's performance. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Damage assessment Process of ascertaining the severity of the damage to a structure. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Damage detection Process of ascertaining whether the damage to structure exists or not. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Damage feature quantifiable property or pattern sensitive to damage. It can be either directly monitored (e.g., strain) or extracted from monitoring data (e.g., modal characteristics from accelerometer measurements). COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Damage feature extraction Extracting a quantifiable property or pattern sensitive to damage from monitoring data (e.g., modal characteristics from accelerometer measurements) (based on definition of damage feature in). COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Damage identification In addition to damage detection, localization and assessment, damage identification includes ascertaining the cause of the damage and its consequences. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Damage localization Process of ascertaining where the damage to structure is located. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Damage prognosis prediction of remaining useful life of a damaged system. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Data cleansing The process of identifying and correcting corrupted or erroneous measurements from a data set. Typical examples of refers to identifying incomplete records (missing data), incorrect values (outliers), or inaccurate values due to temporary malfunctioning of the monitoring system or its components (sensors, communication lines, etc.). The corrupted data is mostly removed, and sometime modified or replaced using some pre-defined algorithms. (IRIS) COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Data-driven approach data interpretation approach performed utilizing computer algorithms to calculate or recognize damage features from measurement datasets. They do not need building a physical model of the structure. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Decision analysis and theory See Bayesian decision analysis. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Decision options/alternatives Decision options or alternatives represent decision scenarios for which the utility and/or decision attributes are quantified. In the context of the quantifying the value of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) decision alternatives may constitute different SHM strategies encompassing e.g. technology, locations and algorithms. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Decision tree A decision support tool that uses a tree-like graph or model of decisions and their possible consequences, including probabilities and costs or utilities. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Defect A specific deficiency or inadequacy in the structure or its components which affects their ability to perform according to their intended function at the required level , either now or at some future time Definitions Model Code 2010
Deficiency Imperfection , possibly arising as a result of an error in design or construction, which affects the ability of the structure to perform according to its intended function, either
now or in the future Definitions Model Code 2010
Degradation Worsening of condition with time (see also Deterioration). COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Demand request (resistance, ductility,…) coming from all the actions applied to the structure. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Deterioration Process that adversely affects the structural performance, including the reliability over time. Deterioration of structural performance can be caused by various reasons, such as: naturally occurring chemical, physical and biological actions; repeated actions such as those causing fatigue; normal or severe environmental influences; wear due to use; improper operation and maintenance of the structure. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Direct risk The risk associated with consequences directly related to the structure, engineering system or its immediate users, such as physical damages in a structure, or injuries and fatalities caused by structural failures). COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Dismantlement Demolition of a structure with separation of the structural members and structural materials, fulfilling disposal requirements . Definitions Model Code 2010
Durability The capability of structures, products or materials to fulfil the requirements defined, determined after a specified period of time and usage Definitions Model Code 2010
Economy Moderate use of financial means and natural resources in relation to the whole period of design, execution and service Definitions Model Code 2010
Failure state in which the performance requirements are not satisfied. NOTE: (1) Failure is associated with the specific performance goal and the associated performance requirements (2) Failure is not synonymous with collapse. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Failure mode Failure modes are quasi-permanent or transient situations that violate code specifications or owner's/ operator's provisions. This includes but is not limited to overall bridge collapse. Some of these situations, e.g. Ultimate Limit State and Serviceability Limit State, are specified in bridge design. Due to slow (deterioration) and sudden (e.g. natural hazard) processes, damages may occur that result in additional failure modes. Finally, owners/operators may define situations (e.g. spalling, corrosion traces, etc.) that are regarded as failure modes since they might comprise public perception of safety. Definitions COST Action TU 1406 WG 3 Report
Fault detection Fault detection, isolation, and recovery (FDIR) is a subfield of control engineering which concerns itself with monitoring a system, identifying when a fault has occurred, and pinpointing the type of fault and its location. Two approaches can be distinguished: A direct pattern recognition of sensor readings that indicate a fault and an analysis of the discrepancy between the sensor readings and expected values, derived from some model. In the latter case, it is typical that a fault is said to be detected if the discrepancy or residual goes above a certain threshold. It is then the task of fault isolation to categorize the type of fault and its location in the machinery. Fault detection and isolation (FDI) techniques can be broadly classified into two categories. These include Model-based FDI and Signal processing based FDI (Wikipedia). COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Indirect risk The risk associated with consequences that follow from a failure event, but are not direct consequences. These are consequences associated with loss of system functionalities. (JCSS 2008). These include business interruptions due to failures in transportation or energy networks. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Information In the context of a Value of Information analysis, information represent any model parameter gained by means of an experiment but also by analytical, numerical or empirical methods related to the decision scenarios. Information (Sample): Knowledge that describes a realization of the value or state of a random property. Information (Perfect): Knowledge that describes the true value/state of a deterministic property. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Inspection On-site, non-destructive examination to establish the present conditions of the structure. A visible inspection performed on regular base is called the routine inspection and a more detailed inspection usually performed as a follow-up to a routine inspection to identify any deficiencies discovered is called the in-depth inspection. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Key performance indicators (KPIs) Generally, there is no clear distinction between PIs and KPIs. In this project, the KPIs relate to a whole bridge and are as follows: • Reliability is the probability that a bridge will be fit for purpose during its service life. It is the complement to the probability of structural failure (safety), operational failure (serviceability) or any other failure mode. • Availability is the proportion of time a bridge is open for service. It does not include failure-related service outages but the ones due to planned maintenance interventions. Alternatively, the Availability can be measured as additional travel time due to an imposed traffic regime on bridge. • Safety is the situation of life and limb being protected from harm during the service life of a bridge. Loss of life and limb due to structural failure is not included by this definition (since it would overlap with the Reliability). • Economy is related to minimizing the long-term cost of maintenance activities over the service life of a bridge. Herein the user costs incurred due to detours and delays are not included. • Environment is related to minimizing the harm to environment during the service life of a bridge. Definitions COST Action TU 1406 WG 3 Report
Lifecycle cost (LCC) Cost of an asset or its parts throughout its lifecycle, while fulfilling its performance requirements. Definitions COST Action TU 1406 WG 1 Report
Life-cycle (action) Long-term action that extends over entire lifespan of the structure, from the construction until the decommissioning or dismantling. (IRIS modified) COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Likelihood A general concept that expresses qualitatively (e.g. high, medium, and low) or quantitatively (e.g. frequency or probability) the chance that an event may occur in a specific time period (IRIS). COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Limit state State beyond which the structure no longer satisfies the relevant performance criteria Definitions Model Code 2010
Maintainability The ability of a structure to meet service objectives with a minimum expenditure of maintenance effort under service conditions in which maintenance and repair are performed. Definitions Model Code 2010
Maintenance Technical intervention during the service life of a structure aimed to preserve its required performance. (IRIS modified) COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Model-driven approach data interpretation approach performed comparing the responses of a structure with those of a predicted model (analytical model or finite element model) based on physical and mechanical characteristics of a structure. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Monitoring system The set of all the means destined to carry out measurements or observations and to register them is called a monitoring system. Monitoring system has two subsystems: measurement and observation subsystem and data management subsystem. The measurement and observation subsystem consists of sensors, observation tools, and the data acquisition system – data acquisition hardware (including reading units, accessories, and channel switch) and data acquisition software. The data management subsystem consists of data management hardware and data management software. Various monitoring systems can be used for structural health monitoring, operational monitoring, and security monitoring, but they all have, in general, the above mentioned subsystems. Nowadays, there is a large number of monitoring systems, based on different functioning principles, and which system will be used in a specific application depends on specifications of the monitoring system such as resolution, measurement error, maximal measurement rate, data management software, etc. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Non-destructive testing off-line local method after damage detection. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Observation It is a datum (i.e. piece of information) from a primary source, which may be acquired by human senses or by measuring/recording of some properties via adequate instruments. Observations can be qualitative i.e. only the absence or presence of a property is noted, or quantitative if a numerical value is coupled to the observed phenomenon by counting or measuring. The observation is a perception of human senses or data measured by instrument that is regarded as relevant within the context of the inquiry Definitions COST Action TU 1406 WG 3 Report
Ontology A set of concepts and categories in a subject area or domain that shows their properties and the relations between them. In this report, the Entity Relationship Diagram is used to describe the ontology of the Quality control framework. Definitions COST Action TU 1406 WG 3 Report
Performance behaviour a structure must exhibit under various acting forces, to achieve human safety, construction functions, and user comfort. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Performance assessment A set of activities performed to verify the reliability of an existing structure for future use. Definitions COST Action TU 1406 WG 1 Report
Performance criteria Quantitative limits, defining the border between desired and adverse behaviour (i.e. failurecriteria). NOTE: In context of Limit State Approach, performance criteria are the threshold values that describe for each limit state the conditions to be fulfilled. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Performance evaluation Process of determining measurable results. Definitions COST Action TU 1406 WG 1 Report
Performance goal Type of structure property (behaviour) that is required based on assessment of different performance indicators. Definitions COST Action TU 1406 WG 1 Report
Performance index An assessed parameter of the bridge, dimensionless number or letter on a scale that evaluates the parameter involved on an X to XN scale, X being a very good condition and XN a very poor one. Definitions COST Action TU 1406 WG 1 Report
Performance indicator a metric measured or computed to provide evidence of a system's performance. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Performance level Qualification of a structure or a structural element, which is established by verifying its behaviour against the performance requirements. A satisfactory performance level is reached when a structure or a structural element has demonstrated a sufficient behaviour to meet the performance requirements. In the opposite case, the performance level of a structure or a structural element is considered to be unsatisfactory. Definitions Model Code 2010
Performance level Qualification of a structure or a structural element, which is established by verifying its behaviour against the performance requirements. A satisfactory performance level is reached when a structure or a structural element has demonstrated a sufficient behaviour to meet the performance requirements. In the opposite case, the performance level of a structure or a structural element is considered to be unsatisfactory. Definitions COST Action TU 1406 WG 1 Report
Performance modelling Process of simulating various system loads against varying system configurations by using a mathematical model. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Performance requirement A condition used to describe a required service quality with regard to specific performance goal, established by means of performance indicator(s) and associated performance criteria with constrains, related to service life and reliability. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Performance threshold A value that constitutes a boundary for purposes such as: a) monitoring (e.g. an effect is observed or not), b) assessing (e.g. an effect is low or high), and c) decision-making (e.g. an effect is critical or not). Definitions COST Action TU 1406 WG 1 Report
Posterior decision analysis A decision analysis with additional information. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Pre-posterior decision analysis A decision analysis with unknown information. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Prior decision analysis A decision analysis with known information. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Probabilistic deterioration model A predictive model of deterioration, which considers prediction uncertainty by modelling parameters and/or deterioration states as random variables or random processes. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Probabilistic risk analysis A formal approach to computing the risk of a system, based on probability theory. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Probabilistic risk assessment A probabilistic risk analysis followed by an appraisal of the risk. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Quality control plan The quality control plan specifies all activities and tools, needed to ensure quality requirements related to bridge performance aspects (e.g. safety, serviceability, etc.). It defines the extent and the interval of inspections or investigations and data necessary to estimate key performance indicators and forecast their future development. Quality control plan also includes decision model that suggest maintenance action based on the forecast of key performance indicators. In this sense the quality control plan overlaps with the Strategic Asset Management Plan (SAMP) as defined in ISO 55000. Definitions COST Action TU 1406 WG 3 Report
Reliability The probability that a component or system has not failed (until time t). COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Repair Technical intervention on a damaged or degraded structure aimed to restore its required performance. (IRIS modified) COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Resilience is the ability of a structure to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions. (UNISDR modified) COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Risk The possibility of a loss. In a probabilistic setting, it is defined as the expected value of adverse consequences. In its simplest form, this reduces to the probability of a failure event multiplied with the consequence of the failure event. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Risk analysis A formal approach to computing the risk of a system. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Risk-based inspections A systematic approach to plan and perform inspections, in which inspections are prioritized according to their effect on the system risk. The RBI approach aims at optimizing the sum of cost (of inspection and maintenance) and risk (due to non-treated damages). COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Robustness ratio between the direct risks and the total risks, (total risks is equal to the sum of direct and indirect risks), for a specified time frame and considering all relevant exposure events and all relevant damage states for the constituents of the system. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Safety The condition of a structure being protected against failure, damage, design errors, accidents, or harms, in both causing and exposure. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Service life The period for which the required performance of a structure or structural element is achieved, when it is used for its intended purpose and under the expected conditions of use. Definitions Model Code 2010
Serviceability Ability of a structure or structural element to perform adequately for normal use under all (combinations of) actions expected during the service life. Definitions Model Code 2010
Serviceability limit state Condition in which a structure or component becomes unfit for service and is judged to be no longer useful for its intended function under normal usage. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Standardization process of implementing and developing technical standards (Wikipedia) COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Strain gauges device used to measure strains. Jargon synonym for "electrical resistance strain gauge". (IRIS modified) COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Strengthening Technical intervention on a structure aimed to improve its performance. (IRIS modified) COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) the process of identifying the presence and quantifying the extent of damage in a system based on information extracted from the measured system response. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Structural integrity The ability of structural components to act together as a competent single entity. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Sustainability Ability of a structure or structural element to contribute positively to the fulfilment of the present needs of humankind with respect to nature, society, economy and wellbeing, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs in a similar manner. Definitions Model Code 2010
System identification process of building mathematical models of dynamic systems and of estimating physical parameters from observed data. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Taxonomy A classification – in this case different bridge types and main girder cross-sections are classified according to construction material, static system and geometry Definitions COST Action TU 1406 WG 3 Report
Threshold boundary defined to compare different states COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Ultimate limit state Condition in which a structure or component becomes unfit for service and is judged to have reached its ultimate capacity. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Ultrasonic technology non-destructive inspection method based on the Lamb waves, ultrasonic elastic waves that propagate along the surface of plates and can be generated and acquired using piezoelectric transducers. The ultrasonic interact with obstacles/flaws/borders in the structure and reflect back to the transducer. The comparison between the initial and reflected signal gives information about the obstacles/flaws/borders COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Uncertainty An uncertainty constitutes any imprecision of a model parameter. Uncertainties can be classified by their origin in the following types, namely (1) model uncertainty, (2) statistical uncertainty, (3) measurement uncertainty or error, (4) human and organization error. Uncertainties can be categorized in epistemic uncertainties due to a lack of knowledge and in aleatoric uncertainties due to randomness. Epistemic uncertainties maybe reduced by means of knowledge gain. Aleatory uncertainties constitute the inherent randomness of e.g. a process which cannot by be reduced. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Usage monitoring the process of acquiring operational loading data from a structure or system, which preferably includes a measure of environmental conditions (e.g. temperature and moisture) and operational variables. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Utility A numerical (most often monetary) measure that corresponds with a certain procedure/decision that has been followed. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Value of Information A pre-posterior decision analysis quantifying a utility or decision attribute increase as the difference between a prior or posterior decision analysis and a pre-posterior analysis. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Vulnerability ratio between the risks due to direct consequences and the total value of the considered asset or portfolio of assets considering all relevant exposures and a specified time frame. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Vulnerable zones These are the segments and or elements of a bridge structure in which damages have the largest impact on safety and serviceability. One vulnerable zone may be related to several failure modes. Definitions COST Action TU 1406 WG 3 Report
X-ray technology non-destructive inspection method based on the use of X-rays to detect variations of density in the material which is a function of the amount of radiation that passes through. COST Action TU 1402 https://www.cost-tu1402.eu/resources-downloads/glossary
Guimarães Final Conference 2019 – Panel 7
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[Federal Register: January 23, 1998 (Volume 63, Number 15)]
[Notices]
[Page 3583-3584]
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[DOCID:fr23ja98-86]
Notice of Intent To Revise the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Manual and Establish Regulations as They Relate to the National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 (Pub. L. 105-57)
AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice.
SUMMARY: The National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 (Refuge Improvement Act) was signed by President Clinton on October 9, 1997. The Refuge Improvement Act amends the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 (NWRSAA), (16 U.S.C. 668dd et seq. ). This notice advises the public that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) will be developing new or revised policies pursuant to the Refuge Improvement Act. The key policy areas to be addressed are listed later in SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION. This notice also identifies opportunities for public review and comment.
Interested persons contacting the Service as described in ADDRESSES below, will be provided draft Service Manual chapters as they are prepared and will be notified of due dates for written comments. Final chapters will be issued following review of public comments. Proposed regulations will be developed through the rule making process.
ADDRESSES: Requests to receive copies of the specific draft Service Manual chapters as they are prepared should be sent via mail to: Refuge Improvement Act Project, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Refuges, 4401 N. Fairfax Dr., Rm. 670, Arlington, VA 22203, Fax (703) 358-2248, or email to: Refuge_Improvement_Act@FWS.gov.
Each request should include a complete mailing address to which the draft chapters will be sent.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The nearly 93 million acre National Wildlife Refuge System (Refuge System) has been administered, since its inception, under a collection of Presidential proclamations, Executive Orders, administrative orders, and laws. Until 1966, and enactment of the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act (NWRSAA), there was no single Federal law that governed administration of the Refuge System. The NWRSAA provided guidance for refuge management; but in the 32 years since its passage, Refuge System acreage has grown more than threefold, wildlife management issues have increased in complexity and controversy, and the demands for recreational and economic uses of refuges have increased substantially.
The Refuge Improvement Act amends and builds upon the NWRSAA in a manner that provides an "Organic Act" for the Refuge System similar to those laws which exist for other Federal Lands. The Refuge Improvement Act will serve to ensure that the Refuge System is effectively managed as a national system of lands, waters, and interests for the protection and conservation of our nation's wildlife resources.
The Refuge Improvement Act's principal focus is to establish clearly the wildlife conservation mission of the Refuge System, provide guidance to the Secretary of the Interior for management of the Refuge System, provide a mechanism for unit-specific planning, and give managers clear direction and procedures for making determinations regarding wildlife conservation and public uses of units of the Refuge System.
The Service will be implementing the Refuge Improvement Act by developing new or revised Service Manual chapters for the Refuge System. All units within the Refuge System will be managed with regard to these chapters which will guide management strategies for achieving individual unit purposes and the Refuge System mission.
Key issues to be addressed in specific Service Manual chapters include:
Biological integrity of the Refuge System;
Appropriate general public uses for the System;
Implementation of the compatibility test; and
Comprehensive conservation planning.
Public input into the development of these key Service Manual chapters is essential. The Service will provide these draft chapters to interested agencies and individuals as described above in ADDRESSES. These draft chapters will also be available on the National Wildlife Refuge System Web site: (http://www.fws.gov/refuges/) during the pre- rulemaking public review and comment period. Any resulting proposed regulations will be available for public review and comment through the rule making process.
Due to the varying levels of complexity of issues, some chapters will require more time for development than others. Therefore, specific draft chapters will be made available to the public as they are prepared. The Refuge Improvement Act requires the Service to establish new compatibility policy and regulations within two years of enactment. There are no other directives in the Refuge Improvement Act for specific policy updates; however, the Service desires to move forward expeditiously on the specific policies listed in this notice to incorporate the most important provisions of the Refuge Improvement Act into all management functions. The Service estimates that draft Service Manual chapters for these issues will be available for public review and comment beginning in May 1998.
This notice and the public participation in this implementation process is being conducted in accordance with the policy and rulemaking requirements of the Administrative Procedures Act (5 U.S.C. 553), other appropriate Federal laws and regulations, including the National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 (Pub. L. 105-57), Executive Order 12996, and associated Service policies and procedures.
Dated: January 16, 1998.
Donald Barry,
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks.
[FR Doc. 98-1607 Filed 1-22-98; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-55-M
Contact Us | Sitemap
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Home Page | Department of the Interior | USA.gov | About the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Accessibility | Privacy | Notices | Disclaimer | FOIA

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Reginald Arthur Hopwood (5 July 1903 – 3 June 1969) was a diplomat, film-maker and an English cricketer. Hopwood's batting style is unknown, but it is known he was a fast-medium bowler, although it is not known which arm he bowled with. He was born at Marylebone, London.

Hopwood made a single first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against Derbyshire in the 1924 County Championship at the County Ground, Derby. Gloucestershire won the toss and elected to bat, making 92 all out. Hopwood, who batted at number eleven, was dismissed for a duck by Samuel Cadman. In response, Derbyshire made just 87 all out, during which Hopwood bowled three wicketless overs. Replying in their second-innings, Gloucestershire were made 161 all out, with Hopwood scoring 2 runs before he was dismissed by Arthur Morton. Set 167 for victory, Derbyshire were dismissed for 157 in their second-innings, losing by 9 runs. This was his only major appearance for Gloucestershire. Later in League Cricket he appeared for Affiliate making 2, 1, 11, 3, 6 in his first three matches.

He married Rosemary Storey in 1926, and in the 1930s became a producer and director of films, usually shorts using the Windmill Theatre performers, such as Bottle party (1936), Digging for gold (1936), Full stream (1936), Windmill revels (1937), Carry on London (1937), Up town review (1937), Concert party (1937), Two men in a box (1938), Swing (1938), etc.

In 1939 he went to Tangier, where he took up the position of attaché to the British Consulate General.

He died at Tangier in Morocco on 3 June 1969.

References

External links
Reginald Hopwood at ESPNcricinfo
Reginald Hopwood at CricketArchive

1903 births
1969 deaths
People from Marylebone
English cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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text:
National Guard identifies Green Beret who died in Suffolk during parachute training
By Brock Vergakis
West Virginia National Guard Sgt. 1st Class Nicholas Sheperty, 36, suffered fatal injuries while involved in an airborne operations training exercise in Suffolk. (West Virginia National Guard)
The soldier who died this week during a routine parachute training exercise at the Suffolk Executive Airport was a Green Beret from Maryland who had done tours in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to the West Virginia National Guard.
Sgt. 1st Class Nicholas Sheperty, 36, was pronounced dead by local emergency services personnel after suffering fatal injuries from an airborne operations training exercise at 1:45 p.m. Wednesday, the guard said.
Sheperty was assigned to the 2nd Battalion, 19th Special Forces Group (Airborne), out of Kingwood, W.Va., and was part of a high-altitude parachute team.
"This is an extremely sad day for West Virginia," that state's governor, Jim Justice, said in a statement. "We owe everything we have to the men and women who step up and make sacrifices to protect our country's freedom. We will do everything we can to provide support to his family and will never forget his service and sacrifice to this great State and our Nation."
Maj. Gen. James Hoyer, the adjutant general of the West Virginia National Guard, said in a news conference live-streamed from West Virginia that an investigation into Sheperty's death is ongoing. But he also said there was no equipment malfunction.
Sheperty served as a senior weapons sergeant and joined the West Virginia Army National Guard in 2010. Before that, he served with the Marine Corps Special Operations Command after enlisting in 2002.
"This is a guy who didn't have to be doing what he was doing yesterday," Hoyer said. "He had served his time, he had served his country well. He had served in multiple combat zones. But I think it's a testament to the type of person that he was."
Sheperty has received the Bronze Star Medal, Purple Heart, Navy/Marine Corps Combat Action Ribbon, and NATO medal, among other awards and decorations. The guard said he was a resident of Baltimore City, Md. and was originally from Virginia.
Hoyer said Sheperty likely joined the West Virginia National Guard instead of another state's because it has a reputation for having some of the best special forces in the country. Hoyer said Sheperty's fellow soldiers described him as someone who was happy and gregarious.
"This should be, I think, a reminder to all of us about the sacrifice that a small group of people in this nation make," he said. "It's a tragic event."
Brock Vergakis, 757-222-5846, brock.vergakis@pilotonline.com


This was a 6' x 6' machined aluminum mold for an aerospace component. Because of the large capacity of our Kia 1000 Horizontal Milling Center we were able to obtain tight tolerances and critical finishes on this piece despite the obstacles that came with its enormous size.
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Shilluk kings are descended from Nyikang (Nyakang), the leader of the Shilluk during their heroic age, the mythic ancestor who led them into their present homeland, conquering it from its inhabitants. Nyikang, or the spirit of Nyikang, is believed to be in every king. He is a mythic personification of the timeless kingship that symbolizes the national structure, a changeless moral order. The kingship is the common symbol of the Shilluk people and, Nyikang being immortal, an abiding institution that binds the generations. It is not the individual at any time reigning who is the king, but Nyikang who is the medium between man and God (Juok) and is believed in some way to participate in God as he does in the king. The Shilluk believe in a supreme being who is greater than Nyikang or any other king. He is the creator of the world, but is far distant. The people feel the need to have someone to stand between them and God: Nyikang is that intermediary, a divine or semidivine being. He did not die but disappeared in a whirlwind during a festival. The spirit of Nyikang is present in certain places, men, and animals.
In ancient times, the people came to the country of Kerau. Here Nyikang and his brother, Duwat, separated. Duwat asked him where he was going, and told him to look behind him. Nyikang looked back, and saw a stick for planting sorghum, which Duwat had thrown to him. Duwat told him that it was a thing with which to dig the ground of his village. Nyikang came to the country of Turo, the country of his son, Dak, who used to sit on the ashes of the village and play the tom, a stringed instrument. His uncles, the brothers of Nyikang, were jealous of Dak as the sole ruler of the country. They sharpened their spears. But Dak was warned about the danger he was in. Nyikang got an ambach, hewed it, and made hands for it, so, that it looked like a man. Dak sat in the same place and played his instrument. His uncles came and stabbed him—actually, they stabbed the ambach statue, and Dak went unhurt into his enclosure. Nyikang said, "My son has been killed by his uncles." His uncles, afraid, set a period of mourning for Dak. People came to mourn. Suddenly, Dak came out from his enclosure and danced. His uncles saw this and fled, and the mourning was finished.
Nyikang went to a river, and the people settled on this river. The cow of Nyikang ran away because her calves were speared by him: whenever Nyikang came to a new place, he killed a calf. The cow came to the country of the sun. Ojul, the grey hawk, went to search for her. He found her among the cows of the sun. Garo, the son of the sun, asked Ojul what he was seeking. He said he sought the cow of Nyikang. Garo said there was no such cow there. But Ojul returned, and told Nyikang that the cow had been found among a herd of cows owned by a man who was very tall, just like Dak, wearing silver bracelets. Nyikang ordered an army to find the cow. Dak attacked Garo, threw him on the ground, cut off his hands, pulled the bracelets off them, and chased the enemy's army. He came to the sun. But there the army of Nyikang was chased, and it was destroyed. Nyikang himself came; he took an adze and aimed it at the sun. He hit the sun, and it returned to the sky. Nyikang took the bracelet. With it, he touched the dead of his army, and they returned to life. When the people came to the source of a river, they found it full of sudd. Nyikang wondered where it came from. Their way was barred. Obogo told Nyikang to put him under the sudd, then stab him, and he would part the sudd. So Obogo was stabbed under the sudd, and the sudd parted. They came to their place, and Nyikang settled with his people. Dak ruled, and, when he died, his son, Odak, ruled. He died while hunting game. Nyikang returned, and prepared a bier. Duwat ruled after him. See also: Gila, Juok, Ukwa.


text:
ernie johnson salary
He has a salary of $300 thousand per year. Ernie Johnson Jr. married his wife Cheryl in the year 1982.
He has written seven books till the date including. Ernie Johnson – Net Worth and Salary Early Life and Education Johnson was born on 7th August 1956, at Milwaukee, Wisconsin to Lois Denhard and Ernest Thorwald Johnson, Sr., a … Considering his various achievements in the field of sports and sportscasting, it is evident that Ernie Johnson has accumulated a great amount of wealth. Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Ernie Johnson Jr began working in broadcasting while he was in college at the University of Georgia.
This show is hosted by him and a panel of six other analyst of NBA from the house of TNT channel. Ernie Johnson Jr. started his career during his University years.
In addition to his basketball coverage, he provides commentary for golf coverage on TNT, and has provided play-by-play coverage for a wide range of competitions and events, including the Olympics, college football, Wimbledon, and the Goodwill Games. Their friends and family call them a saint and talking about the adoption, Ernie once said; "Every child has the right to a home. He earns a salary of $300 thousand per year. Ernie Johnson Jr. is a sportscaster from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Ernie has worked a reporter and host for several Olympics games. Ernie Johnson cap hit, salary, contracts, contract history, earnings, aav, free agent status The results are fact checked and confirmed by a team of editors and industry insiders. This show is hosted by him and a panel of six other analyst of NBA from the house of TNT channel. Ernie Johnson Jr. and wife Cheryl, a licensed career counselor, live with their two biological children and four adopted children in Braselton, Georgia.
Two of them Eric and Maggie are biological with his wife and four of the children were adopted by them.
Ernie Johnson Jr. is an American journalist and a sportscaster. Basketball sportscaster alongside Charles Barkley and Kenny Smith on the 'NBA on TNT.'. When he moved to South Carolina, there he worked as a news reporter and again he came back to Georgia in the year 1982. In his career, he worked as a newscaster as well as a reporter for many stations located in Georgia for the following eight years. He is also active on his social media and is seen updating his Twitter account frequently. In the year 2002, he was adjudged as the outstanding sports personality for the Sports Emmy awards and he partnered with Bob Costas. In 1989, he began working for Turner Sports, the same network where his father was also a sportscaster. Ernie Johnson is about 6'4".
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He also has worked as presenter of TBS pregame coverage, studio host of TNT for FIFA World Cup, studio host of TNT for The Championships at Wimbledon. After working there for a year he left the job as he completed his graduation with B.A. He has published his heart out through his book. After a year he was appointed as weekend sports host and reporter of the channel.
After graduating with a degree in Journalism, he began working for WMAZ-TV in Macon, Georgia. Discover fun facts and what happened on August 7, 1956. In that show he was assisted by Greg Anthony and Webber.
On the day he was born
In 1982 upon arriving at Georgia he started as a news reporter of WSB-TV. At the same time, it wouldn't be an honest portrayal if people thought I was preaching something that was all blue skies.". He had some more stints, also as a commentator for the Wimbledon from the year 2000 to the year 2002 and also worked as a commentator from the year 1990 to 1997. When he came back to Georgia in the year 1982, he worked as a general assignment news reporter and in the year 1983 he became a sports reporter and anchor in the year 1983.
He is the sports anchor for Turner Sports and CBS. Any time I can, I speak to the benefit of adoptions for both parents and children, I never hesitate. What makes Natalie Morales a prized NBC News Anchor. He started his career in broadcasting at WMAZ-TV.
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NOTE: Ernie Johnson Jr. net worth, age and other information contributed by fans and/or is of public domain.
How much is Ernie Johnson Jr. worth? He worked alongside Cal Ripken Jr. as the co-studio host of TBS's 2010 MLB Playoff coverage. He started his career in broadcasting at WMAZ-TV. In the year 2002, he was adjudged as the outstanding sports personality for the Sports Emmy awards and he partnered with Bob Costas. Like his anchoring skill, his persona also has a texture which prepossesses everyone. He is married to wife Cheryl, a professional counselor.
He was the anchor of the FIFA World Cup in the year 1990 in the TNT's coverage. The royalty from his book also helps him add some coinage in his fortune. Cara Delevingne – What makes her special.
He has a salary of $300 thousand per year. He for the Turner Network worked as an On-air anchor of NBA shows. © 2020 Celebrity Net Worth / All Rights Reserved, © 2015 Celebrity Net Worth / All Rights Reserved.
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Till this date, he has written and published many books. When he moved to South Carolina, he worked as a news reporter and again he came back to Georgia in the year 1982. If something is missing, please check back soon or let us know. Ernie Johnson – Net Worth and Salary. Ernie Johnson – Net Worth and Salary. His annual salary is around $300 thousand.
His birth flower is Gladiolus and birthstone is Peridot and Sardonyx. Johnson is the lead TV voice for NBA for TNT and Major League Baseball on TBS. Ernie is currently 64 years old. Furthermore, information about Ernie Johnson Jr. can be found on the wiki and his personal website. Ernie Johnson Jr net worth and salary: Ernie Johnson Jr is an American sportscaster who has a net worth of $15 million dollars and annual salary of $5 million.
On the day he was born. He had some more stints, also as a commentator for the Wimbledon from the year 2000 to the year 2002 and also worked as a commentator from the year 1990 to 1997.
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text:
Ryan Coogler Says Chadwick Boseman's "Black Panther" Character Will Not Be Recast
By: AllHipHop StaffCategory: News November 22, 2021
Marvel bosses are honoring the memory of Chadwick boseman, by refusing to recast his epic role in "Black Panther!"
Marvel bosses won't recast Chadwick Boseman's "Black Panther" character T'Challa.
The actor died after a secret battle with colon cancer aged 43 in August 2020 and, ahead of the forthcoming sequel, the studio's VP of Development Nate Moore has addressed speculation on the future of the character.
Revealing he had discussed potential decisions with "Black Panther: Wakanda Forever" director Ryan Coogler, he explained on the "Ringer-Verse" podcast. "We have to figure out how to move this franchise on without that character.
"Because I think we all feel so much of T'Challa in the MCU on the screen… is tied to Chadwick's performance. The challenge for Black Panther: Wakanda Forever is telling a story without T'Challa."
When it came to recasting the role, Moore decided he simply "couldn't do it" following the actor's tragic death.
However, he hopes the new film will bring "a level of, I think, catharsis in people coming back to this universe without (Boseman)…because (Boseman) and the universe are one and the same".
"Black Panther: Wakanda Forever" has been shooting through the summer, but earlier this month, production shut down while Letitia Wright recovers from an on-set injury.
Wright portrays Shuri, the sister of T'Challa, and after Boseman's death the character was elevated to the lead of the sequel. Shooting is expected to resume early in 2022.
Posted in NewsTagged Black Panther, Chadwick Boseman, entertainment, Hip-Hop News


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>TestFlightParams - FAKE - F# Make</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <meta name="author" content="Steffen Forkmann, Mauricio Scheffer, Colin Bull">

    <link href="http://netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/twitter-bootstrap/2.2.1/css/bootstrap-combined.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

    <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="http://fsharp.github.io/FAKE/content/style.css" />

fsharp.org

github page

FAKE - F# Make

TestFlightParams

The TestFlight parameter type.

Record Fields

Record Field	Description

            ApiToken

            Signature:string

(Required) API token from testflightapp.com/account/#api

            Go to GitHub source

            DistributionLists

            Signature:string list

Distribution list names which will receive access to the build

            Go to GitHub source

            DSym

            Signature:string option

iOS ONLY - the .dSYM corresponding to the build

            Go to GitHub source

            File

            Signature:string

(Required) file data for the build (.ipa or .apk)

            Go to GitHub source

            Notes

            Signature:string option

Release notes for the build

            Go to GitHub source

            Notify

            Signature:bool

Notify permitted teammates to install the build

            Go to GitHub source

            Replace

            Signature:bool

Replace binary for an existing build if one is found with the same name/bundle version

            Go to GitHub source

            TeamToken

            Signature:string

(Required) Team token from testflightapp.com/dashboard/team/edit

            Go to GitHub source

FAKE - F# Make

Home page

Get FAKE via NuGet

Source Code on GitHub

License (MS-PL)

Who is using FAKE?

Release Notes

Contributing to FAKE

Ask a question

Articles

Getting started

NuGet package restore

Using FxCop in a build

Generating AssemblyInfo

Create NuGet packages

Running specific targets

Running FAKE from command line

Creating custom tasks

TeamCity integration

Running canopy tests

Octopus Deploy

TypeScript support

Fake.Deploy

Documentation

API Reference

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
800.830.9946 customerservice@ardmore.net
411 Directory
Fiber Expansion Projects
Digital Literacy Training
The deadline to apply for the 2022 FRS Scholarship has passed.
Graduating in 2022? We have a scholarship opportunity for YOU!
Ardmore Telephone Company and the Foundation for Rural Service are happy to offer a scholarship to local students who are graduating from high school in 2022. Preference is given to those planning to work in rural communities after college.
To learn more about the scholarship and to download the application, visit https://www.frs.org/programs/youth-programs/scholarships today!
Ardmore Hires Installer/Repairman
Ardmore Telephone Company wants to welcome Silas Owens to their telecommunications family. Owens started his position as installer/repairman on February 3rd.
Before coming to ATC, Owens was an engineering intern at WK&T in Mayfield, Kentucky.
Originally from New Market, Alabama, Owens was excited to come back and serve his hometown community.
"The people at the company are very friendly and motivating," Owens says.
Owens is a graduate of Murray State University with a B.S. in agriculture. In his spare time, he enjoys spending time with his dog, Dale, and outdoor activities.
Ardmore Telephone Company welcomed Jamie Brown to its sales team last year. In his role, Brown helps people learn more about the benefits of ATC services.
e-mail: csr@ardmore.net
Includes Ardmore Telephone company news & important notifications, community events & activities, and other information.
The Ardmore Connection quarterly newsletter includes current topics on technology, our community, entertainment, travel and our company.
Company Documents & Info
Copyright © 2023 Ardmore.net; All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2022 ardmore.net All rights reserved.


Light up your Christmas with a pair of golden bird candles. These birds are perfect for adding to your Christmas decor, wreaths, gifts and holiday crafts. Great detail and expressions. Sold as a set (price shown is for two). Made from wax. 11.7 x 5.5 x 7.2 cm.


text:
Information für:
Erstellen und Verwalten
Enterprise Drupal-Plattform
Multisite-Management
Drupal 8 Distribution für Rapid Site DevelopmentDrupal 8 Distribution für Rapid Site Development
DAM für Drupal
Content und Vertrieb auf einer sicheren Plattform
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Where do Media Companies Fit in the World of Mobile Apps?
In the last post of our media and entertainment blog series, I highlighted the fact that now almost one-third of U.S. mobile web traffic is driven by the Facebook mobile application.
What that means for content publishers is that they have to focus on tailoring their content for distribution and consumption on the Facebook platform.
The prominence of the Facebook mobile application begs the question: Can media brands do well with their own applications and drive the audience to these branded experiences?
Media Brands Must Have Distribution Options
The Atlantic's Alexis C. Madrigal highlighted the dependence some media brands have on Facebook by using a farm analogy:
Digital media companies have grown reliant on Facebook's powerful distribution capabilities. They are piglets at the sow, squealing amongst their siblings for sustenance, by which I mean readers. Think about how this weakens the basic idea of a publication.
Bleacher Report's Chief Content Officer Rory Brown tells Digiday in a recent interview that the sports site is looking beyond optimizing content for Facebook because the social media platform could change its algorithms which would impact its ability to reach audiences. Brown to Digiday: "You want to establish as many traffic channels as possible. If Facebook or Twitter made some kind of algorithm change, it would affect us too, but not as much as some of the others."
Bleacher Report seems to be getting it right: 40 percent of its traffic comes directly to the site while it's also the eighth most shared publisher on Facebook, according to the latest Newswhip/Spike data for January 2015. That means Bleacher Report will be able to get to the one-third of the audience who use Facebook as its gate to the mobile web, while also having a direct-to-consumer relationship via its site. Contrast that with Buzzfeed, who just announced that only 5 percent of 950 million monthly video views happen on its own site.
Mobile Apps versus Responsive Design for Mobile
Beyond delivering content via the Facebook mobile app, what kind of mobile experience do you deliver to keep people engaged with your media brand's content on their device? A responsive mobile optimized site or a mobile app?
Most media companies today offer both experiences for consumers. A responsive site means the media company can deliver an experience that is not dependent on any particular mobile operating system or web browser. The digital experience should display and work in a beautiful and consistent manner across devices.
It may cost more to develop and deliver an app that works on various mobile operating systems, yet applications allow a push environment for media companies to broadcast to audiences. An application will inform an audience with a constant stream of new articles, videos, podcasts, or slideshows. In addition, app notifications will remind audiences of social engagement around content - e.g. new likes, shares, and comments - which encourages fans to join in on the conversation in the brand's app.
The NextWeb took a nice in-depth look at why each channel - responsive web and native app - are both important.
Monetizing Media Apps - Tens of Billions of Dollars
There are several ways media company apps can be monetized. They can be subsidized with in-app advertising revenues, or money can be earned by charging consumers for the initial download. Some apps have a recurring subscription cost. Regardless of the path to make money, there's a lot of it being made. Research by Asymco shows that just the iTunes Store alone brought in $10 billion in revenues for app developers in 2014. That's more than the US box office take for the year.
Asymco Chart Showing App Sales on iTunes overtaking the U.S. Box Office Revenues
An app allows a media brand to create more interactive calls to actions (examples: voting, sharing, rating) that creates a deeper set of user behavior data. Such user data can be leveraged to personalize a media experience. NBCUniversal just rolled out an app that packages 40 years worth of Saturday Night Live content. By learning what skits you like to watch, your favorite comedians, characters, and seasons of SNL, the app will then personalize your experience by choosing specific videos from the some 5,000 plus pieces of content. Advertisements in the new SNL app will also be tailored to an individual's viewing experience creating more high value advertising opportunities for NBC. Even though the app is free, it's a revenue generator.
Media Companies Missing from Top App Charts
In 2015, major media brands are missing from the top downloaded or accessed apps. Again, a majority of the media content is accessed via the Facebook app. No traditional media company ranks in this list of top mobile apps, created by Comscore from mid 2014. The Weather Channel (disclosure, an Acquia customer) is a media company ranking at #15.
Still this Comscore data does not paint a complete picture of how media companies are performing in the marketplace for mobile apps.
Media Companies Must Gamify Their Brands
App Annie has the most detailed app analytics data and it's worth visiting their charts on a regular basis to look for break out hits and how media companies are faring with mobile.
Taking a look at the stats around February 20th 2015, App Annie shows Warner Bros has the #3 downloaded app: a trivia game called "Heads Up". The app is featured on Ellen DeGeneres' Ellen TV show which is also produced by Warner Bros.
The Warner Bros produced game launched in 2013 and is obviously doing well almost two years on after launch, in part because you can keep buying new trivia categories to keep your game playing activity fresh. It's also really intriguing to see a TV personality who is owning a top downloaded and top selling app and that the app itself is owned by their employer, the TV studio.
But looking at the overall App Annie stats, Warner Bros appears to be the only traditional media company with a top 10 app on the iTunes or Google Play store charts. Beyond Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube, game developers like King Digital with it's line up of Candy Crush games, or Mojang with it's Minesweeper game, are the winners on the charts.
App Annie Store Stats Top iOS apps for February 20th. Note only one traditional media company, Warner Bros, has a top selling app.
App Annie Store Stats Top Google Android apps for February 20th. Note only one traditional media company, Warner Bros, has a top selling app.
Microsoft saw Mojang's success with the Minecraft game and wound up buying the company for $2.5 billion in September 2014. Big Fish Games which also appears on the App Annie Store Stats February 20th top apps chart for its mock gambling apps like Big Fish Casino, was bought by Churchill Downs last year for $885 million. The company is an owner of famous horse racing tracks like the famous Kentucky property Churchill Downs and also owns casinos and other gaming properties.
Obviously, the company saw how gaming is dominating the world of mobile apps. I expect to see traditional media companies to buy some of these mobile game developers to enter this lucrative app market, which again just for Apple iOS apps sales alone was $10B in 2014.
For example, just recently major TV and film studio Lionsgate invested in game maker Telltale Games, rumored to be a $40 million stake. Telltale also licenses TV show content to create games, for instance titles based on AMC's "The Walking Dead" or HBO's "Game of Thrones". Tech news site TheVerge hints that Lionsgate will move beyond simply leveraging Telltale to make games based on their own content and push the game maker to develop TV series titles that are game like. Celebrities do just as well as media brands with mobile games: Glu Mobile, a game developer made $74 million from the Kim Kardashian : Hollywood mobile app in 2014 and now plans to license Katy Perry's likeness for a mobile game this year.
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Microsoft saw Mojang's success with the Minecraft game and wound up buying the company for $2.5 billion in September 2014. Big Fish Games which also appears on the App Annie Store Stats February 20th top apps chart for its mock gambling apps like Big Fish Casino, was bought by Churchill Downs last year for $885 million. The company is an owner of famous horse racing tracks like the famous Kentucky property Churchill Downs and also owns casinos and other gaming properties. Obviously, the company saw how gaming is dominating the world of mobile apps. I expect to see traditional media companies to buy some of these mobile game developers to enter this lucrative app market, which again just for Apple iOS apps sales alone was $10B in 2014.
Traditional media brands can license their content titles to game developers or develop in house; the latter approach may be harder to scale. The App Annie 2014 Retrospective reports that mobile game apps related to movie titles did well in 2014, and in "some cases extended the life cycle of the intellectual property (IP), fostering brand loyalty and keeping users engaged between movies."
For instance, a game related to the animated movie Despicable Me ranked among the top 10 games by worldwide December downloads 18 months after the app's initial release. Note that France's giant developer Gameloft built the Despicable Me game by licensing the film content from Universal Pictures. "Family Guy: The Quest for Stuff" appealed to show enthusiasts, but also attracted new audiences and was a top performer. Again the model here was that Fox partnered with San Francisco game developer TinyCo to create the popular game. App Annie believes the 2014 success of games based on media brands, "sets the stage in 2015 for more traditional media brands acquiring and monetizing mobile users through existing game structures refreshed with their well-known IPs." (App Annie Index: 2014 Retrospective — Top App Trends of 2014).
Moving Media Apps Beyond Gaming
According to Comscore's US Mobile App Report 2014, mobile app usage accounts for the majority of digital media time spent, at about 52 percent. Mobile apps drive the vast majority of media consumption on mobile devices - about 7 out of every 8 minutes Also of note is a majority of mobile app engagement comes from only a few select categories. So beyond gaming, media companies can also enter the app market by offering social networking (messaging) and radio / music apps, as these along with games, contribute nearly half the total time spend on mobile apps.
Media companies do not necessarily have to buy their way into the app market or license their content to app developers, they can build successful digital brands on their own. A good example is global media giant Bonnier who launched a line of "digital toys" called Toca Boca to find success in the mobile app market. In 2014, Bonnier reported 70 million downloads of Toca Boca apps just a few years after launch of the division.
The App Annie 2014 Retrospective notes that Disney The New York Times, and IAC Corp did very well in both app downloads and also revenues. Note these App Annie charts exclude game apps or game publishers. The full report can be accessed here.
App Annie 2014 Retrospective: Top non-game apps, and top publishers by app revenues.
Beyond gaming, social networking and chat apps, and music it's important to look at how media brands are performing with their news apps. Turner Broadcasting's CNN holds the spot for the top free news app on iOS, but is in the 4th spot on the Google Play store, while Yahoo News tops the Google chart but is absent from the top 10 on iOS. So it's clear media companies have made particular investments in designing and marketing their apps to specific mobile operating systems and app marketplaces.
Buzzfeed and Fox are the two news apps that do very well on both major mobile platforms in terms of downloads, but compete against several new media start ups and news aggregators like Daily, Flipboard, and a few readers that pull content from the social news platform Reddit.
NBC and BBC are not top 10 performers on the iTunes store, but are on Google Play.
Interesting to also note in the news category that military news focused apps and police scanner apps are popular.
Finally, the top earning news apps in terms of revenues are from well known media brands charging you a premium to have mobile subscription access including Time Inc, The Wall Street Journal, New York Post, New York Times, and The Economist. In the case of The Economist, the company recently developed a morning news briefing called "Espresso," which now is the #8 top earning app on the Google Play in the news category. This is a separate experience from the main Economist app, and it's designed for the busy executive who needs a single place to get briefed on the day's news.
App Annie Store Stats Top News Apps for iOS - February 20th
App Annie Store Stats Top News Apps for Google Play / Android - February 20th
The Media Briefing also took a look at UK app store results to see how the UK media brands are faring in the market, and it's worth a read. Their main take away - The Guardian app is the fourth-most successful non-game app in terms of revenues the UK but mainly due to the success of in app purchases for The Guardian's crossword puzzles.
The Media Briefing found this ironic as News UK and Telegraph Media Group have a much greater commitment to paid content but generate little revenue from their news apps.
Chuck Fishman
Former Director of Industry Marketing and Development, Acquia Inc.
As Director of Industry Marketing and Development, Chuck Fishman leads Acquia's engagements in the industry areas of Media and Entertainment and Retail and Consumer Brands. This includes directing Acquia's go to market approach towards various segments of these industries including fashion retail outlets, consumer product makers, producers of TV and film, book and magazine publishers, broadcast networks and digital media. Acquia enables companies across all industries to develop and manage amazing digital experiences for desktop web, mobile, native apps, digital screens and other internet of things applications.
At Cisco Systems for 5 years, Fishman managed media and entertainment partnerships for the technology giant including developing the company's partnership with the Warner Music Group. In 2011, after leaving Cisco, Chuck successfully launched the official.fm music promotion platform for record labels. His work with official.fm partner Rostrum Records led to successful digital releases for superstar rappers Wiz Khalifa and Mac Miller.
In his spare time away from Acquia, Fishman also manages partnerships and digital marketing for the legendary George Clinton & P-Funk All Stars, and in the past other major artists such as Blush and Duran Duran. His direct work in both the music and technology industries ensure he has deep a knowledge base of the digital methods content creators can use to grow, engage, and monetize audiences. He also is on the Interactive Advertising Bureau's (IAB) Digital Video and Social Media Committees helping to steer industry standards for digital media practitioners, and participates in the IAB's Native Advertising, Local, B2B, and Mobile Advertising Committees.
Chuck has broad media and entertainment experience - from 1997 to 2007, he developed and produced new radio programming ventures for iHeartMedia, Bloomberg, CNET Networks (CBS Interactive) and the Wall Street Journal (News Corp).
http://www.linkedin.com/in/chuckfishman/ Twitter https://www.drupal.org/u/chuckdafonk
Acquia Blog
The Evolution of Media Company CMS
Proprietary CMS systems have long dominated the newspaper industry, and have since touched on the more recent trend towards consolidation. Today, we'll dive deeper into that industry, and what drives newspapers to make CMS decisions the way they do.
CMS for The Newspaper Industry
The same content management systems that deliver newspaper content to digital platforms often also have technology to handle the layout, production, and circulation of that content.
Big Bets on Custom CMS
Due to escalating costs and scaling development issues, it's my belief that custom CMS platforms only last a handful of years before they become obsolete, and the efforts to maintain them are terminated.
Erika-Mann-Str. 53
Sicherheitsfrage?


What are different types of fabric?
Does the Eiffel Tower have shops?
How do you get a sharpie to stay in a t shirt?
Can you buy a venom energy hat?
Where can you find North Face Outlet site that sells cheap and nice products?
What was Australian fashion like in the 1950s?


Buckingham Villiers Hotel - hotels in Buckingham.
3 Buckingham Street, Buckingham, Milton Keynes, GB.
The hotel was opened in 1700 and rennovated in 2001.
Location description: Buckingham Villiers lies in the heart of the medieval town of Buckingham, just 13 miles from Milton Keynes and 7 miles from Silverstone and Brackley. The Cotswolds, Shakespeares Stratford and Oxford, with its dreaming spires, are all within easy reach. The M40 and M1 motorways are only a short drive away.
Standard Room with Double Bed, Free WiFi, Sky TV and radio, Air-Con, Desk/Work Area, Minibar/Refrigerator and Trouser Press.
Deluxe Room with Double Bed, Free WiFi, Sky TV and radio, Air-Con, Desk/Work Area, Minibar/Refrigerator, Printer, Fax and Trouser Press.


Will the Shortage of Electronic Components Affect Your Manufacturing?
With technology changing on a daily basis and demand for new products at unprecedented levels how are the electronic component manufacturers coping. Are there enough parts to go around?
As experienced manufacturers of state of the art products such as wearable sports tech, computer tablets and advanced, ground-breaking virtual reality equipment, we are used to providing quality products using quality parts. Now, with the high demand for technologies such as SMD MLCCs, SMD resistors and Semiconductors manufacturers like Panasonic Vishay, AVX and TDK to name a few are struggling to cope with demand. In fact, they are cancelling some distributors backlogs without advising them. Should your company be concerned?
What is the impact on manufacturing?
Often, we do not realise just how many electronic components are in the products we buy and how the demand for them affects the market; for example with Smart phone technology alone, the iPhone component usage has doubled since the 6S was released in September 2015. Although the Cloud continues to be a confusing entity for most, its popularity has not been affected by this. Cloud Computing is projected to increase from $67bn (in 2015) to $162bn, which means a massive increase in server production, distribution and training to clients across the world.
Increased demand on everyday products such as Smart TVs, Amazon Echo and even solar panels, puts pressure on every step of the manufacturing process and ultimately affects the consumer, resulting in a higher purchase cost at the final stage. The competitive nature of this industry, along with the demand for more complex products is putting the pressure on to create original and ground-breaking technology from companies all the way to the manufacturing source. Extended lead times, allocation and even raw material storage all has a knock-on effect on the many products we supply.
This shortage also has an impact on component manufacturing within the automotive industry. The evolution of electric cars and the demand for gadgets such as parking sensors and automatic windscreen wipers means that additional components are becoming a standard addition to vehicles. For example Electric vehicles use 4 x the amount of SM Capacitors than petrol or diesel.
What can we do about the electronics component shortage?
As manufacturers we build relationships with our suppliers in order to allow a better communicative pathway between all parties. Ultimately, this means that we have the responsibility to give the supplier enough time to get the parts and ensure that the lead time we are quoting is fair to all parties.
At the moment, the demand for parts is mightily outweighing the ability to supply them and there isn't much we can do about it. Our need for staying connected, to have the Internet and Radio at our fingertips wherever we are, is only going to increase and put more pressure on the electronics component shortage.
If you have an idea or would like to discuss any electronics contract manufacturing project, contact us in order to discuss how the component shortage could affect your business. We aim to keep everyone updated on the realistic time scale for any project and constantly monitor trends happening within the electronics industry in order to stay one step ahead of the game.
How Do Electronics Manufacturers Really Add Value To The Supply Chain?


text:
Plans for massive business park with shops and restaurants in Essex village
The plans will have room for 133 car parking spaces
Charlie RidlerLocal Democracy Reporter
The new units could be used for shops, restaurants, cafés and offices (Image: Glow Design Studio)
A business park taking over 3,000 square metres could be built in an Essex village, in new plans submitted to a local council. Developers have applied for planning permission to build four blocks which could be used for shops, offices, cafés or restaurants, and 133 car parking spaces in the village of Copford.
The planning application by LPB Homes for the 3,009 square metre proposal was submitted to Colchester City Council on January 16. A section of a design and access statement submitted alongside the proposal read: "Local precedents and history were considered as part of this process. The proposal has sought to distribute the mass across the site and create a core to the development, opening up views to the wider landscape surrounding the site, whilst at the same time resulting in a visually less dense arrangement."
According to the statement, each block will be two storeys tall with a flat roof and an entrance on the ground floor. It claims the proposal will be a "striking piece of modern architecture", but will be sensitive to its neighbours and surroundings by incorporating the existing types of buildings in the village into its own design.
Read more: What Colchester Hospital nurses say 'unfair pay' has done to them while at 'heartbreaking' strikes
Trees will also be planted around the edge of the site and a the main façades will face south to maximise daylight and avoid overshadowing nearby houses. A later section read: "We also feel there is the potential to add value to the health and well being of the users of the facility. Therefore we are also proposing a running track that loops the extent of the site, also re-enforcing the green edge."
The site, behind AGM House in London Road, currently has planning permission for a series of offices, which was approved by the council in 2019. According to a decision notice at the time, the applicant for this first proposal was AGM House, a water utility business. For this latest proposal, AGM House itself will act as a visual buffer in front of the site, the design and access statement claims.
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