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#MeetTopEnvEcon, Meet Top Environmental Economists
#MeetTopEnvEcon – Aart de Zeeuw
Date: August 3, 2020Author: Ingmar Schumacher 0 Comments
Aart de Zeeuw
Em. Professor of Environmental Economics
Tilburg University, Netherlands
(Date of interview: July 2020)
I am very happy to have had the honor to interview Aart de Zeeuw for the Meet Top Environmental Economists (#MeetTopEnvEcon) series. It is always a great pleasure to talk to Aart as he has this happy, positive aura around him and I have never seen him without a smile on the face. Aart has been, and still is, a huge influence for environmental economics, and has been one of the main figures behind its development in Europe. His main research areas are (differential) games and tipping points applied to environmental economics, and he has thereby significantly influenced how environmental economists think about environmental problems and their solutions. It is a great pleasure to meet him at conferences, so if you have the opportunity, do not hesitate to talk to him. Before getting to the actual interview, I have the Express Views part, which Aart kindly agreed to. In addition, I am very happy that Cees Withagen agreed to write an introduction to this new interview. Enjoy!
Introduction by Cees Withagen: Ingmar Schumacher has asked me to write a brief introduction for his interview with Aart de Zeeuw. I accepted, but now I realize it is a challenging assignment. The problem is not so much to write an introduction, the problem is to write a brief one. The content of the interview that you are going to read, my personal view on Aart's statements, and my friendship with Aart for over 40 years beg for a substantial contribution. But let me just say the following. Reading the conversation he had with Ingmar reveals the "true" Aart. As a family man, as a strongly motivated teacher, a devoted researcher, a successful applicant for grants for his students, an excellent manager, and an active policy advisor. I recognize and acknowledge these aspects immediately. Still I was a little surprised that one of Aart's hobbies didn't receive any attention proportional to the time and energy he devotes to it. Playing bridge is maybe a metaphor for Aart's life. It brings together games, differential games, analytical and strategic thinking, being friendly and polite (even to people whom you don't like so much), teaching how competitors could have done better, explaining to partner (me, for many years) how we could have done better. So, let me compliment Ingmar and wish you pleasant reading.
Meet Top Environmental Economists (#MTEE) – Aart de Zeeuw
Could you please give me a brief background of yourself and your main research interests.
I was born in a small village in the middle of the Netherlands, and I split my time between the school, the chessboard and the forest. I studied mathematics, but halfway my studies I spent a semester at Princeton University in the USA and there I decided to study economics as well. I wanted to move to social science and I was under the influence of both my father's generation and the political left. The first wanted to prevent disasters like in the thirties of the last century and the second wanted to fight inequality. Economics is the basis of it all. Later I realized that the natural environment was in danger and that we had to integrate economics and ecology.
In my studies of mathematics and economics, I became convinced that dynamics and strategic behaviour are essential for analysis. In my PhD, I developed the tool of differential games that proved to be very useful for my research. My main research interests have been twofold. First, global and trans-border pollution, such as climate change and acid rain. More specifically, the game of international pollution control and international environmental agreements. Second, the economics of tipping points, which are important phenomena in natural systems such as lakes, coral reefs and climate. This requires the analysis of multiple equilibria and non-smooth marginal effects.
You suggested that due to your father's generation you wanted to find ways to prevent disasters. Could you please elaborate on that?
My father always told me that we have to prevent similar disasters as those in the thirties because if that happens, and people get unhappy, then they start to follow bad leaders and you get into trouble. We need to keep people happy. Economics is a very important part of that. You can see similar opinions when you read interviews with the old generation economists such as Ken Arrow and Bob Solow. They have the same motivation why they do economics: we have to prevent the things in the thirties from happening again by understanding how it happened, and thus prevent them from happening in the future. Although my father studied plant biology, and I started off with mathematics, this was my motivation to turn to social sciences and in particular economics as this is the basis of things.
Would you say an increasing general unhappiness is the reason behind the move towards more protectionism and nationalism?
Yes, I think so. I have not made an analysis of what is happening in some countries but from a distance, I would conclude that some of the success of people like Donald Trump in the USA and some leaders in Europe and Latin America comes from the fact that people are unhappy. People see an increase in inequality, many are unemployed, there is poverty in the US now and there is unemployment, in one of the richest countries in the world. People are searching for ways to get out of this misery. This is basic misery, but it is also misery in comparison to other people who are very rich and can do whatever they like. Then people start to follow a leader who appeals to this. Even though this may not really help them, the leaders get power and it will not be good for the future of the country. I am concerned about these developments and it reminds me of what my parents told me. If my parents were still alive, they would be very concerned as they would recognize a number of similar issues that they experienced when they were young.
What article/book of yours would you call your best?
The first paper on a topic is usually not the best in terms of deep and thorough, but it may be the best in terms of impact. For example, our first papers on the two prevalent tipping point models in economics in 2003 (on lakes with known tipping points) and in 2011 (on fisheries with uncertain tipping points) had impact, but our later work on the lakes and on growth with uncertain climate tipping points was better. My best-cited papers are on international pollution control in 1992 and on the Porter hypothesis in 1999.
Would you mind giving a list of essential articles that a young researcher in your line of research should read?
The book The Control of Resources (1982) by Partha Dasgupta is a classic. For an extension to games, one can consult Differential Games in Economics and Management Science (2000) by Dockner et al. The book Environment and Statecraft (2003) by Scott Barrett is a classic for international environmental agreements. For extension of the models, one can read my review International Environmental Agreements (Annual Review of Resource Economics, 2015). For tipping points, one should read Catastrophic Shifts in Ecosystems (Nature, 2001) by Scheffer et al. For economic analysis, one can read my review Regime shifts in Resource Management (Annual Review of Resource Economics, 2014).
And could you be so kind and give a reference for a policy-oriented article or book that sums the research in your field for an interested policy maker?
The book by Scott Barrett and the paper by Scheffer et al. that I mentioned previously are also accessible to policy makers. The column in VOX CEPR Policy Portal (2014) by Rick van der Ploeg and me about our work on growth and climate tipping got very many downloads.
Which impact would you say does your research have on policy making? And how do you think environmental economists could increase their say in the policy agendas?
I have been a member of the Advisory Council for Research on Nature and Environment for the Dutch government and an advisor to the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. I have also been a member of the task force on social-cost benefit analysis and on discounting for the Dutch Ministry of Finance. In general, I think that my largest impact was by teaching new generations of economists! Writing articles in major newspapers also has a huge impact. In general, you have to be willing to spend time on writing and speaking about your ideas for a broader audience.
How did you become a member on these councils?
In fact, I do not know. They invited me. At some point, you get a call from someone with a question: whether you are willing to become a member of a council. But the point is that they have to know you. They have to think that you will be a valuable member of the task force or council. That means you have to show yourself. You have to make an effort, like writing in a newspaper. No policy maker will read your research papers. You have to make the effort of translating your research into words that policy makers will read and understand and will give them ideas – the sort of ideas that you want to transmit to them. You have to go to meetings, raise your voice.
Some of your students work in the ministry. They may remember their old teacher and invite him. This happened to me actually. Another thing that happened to me is the following. In the Netherlands we have these three research units, one on the economy, one on the environment, and one on social issues. The researchers are government employees: they can do research, but they mainly have to answer questions from the government or the parliament. Once I got a call from the director of the environmental institute and he said that he would like to invite me for the following reason: "I don't know anything about economics. In the government, I want to argue for environmental protection. The economists have many stories with a lot of jargon that I do not understand. Basically, I feel that they are wrong, but I cannot argue with them because I do not understand their way of thinking. The economists dominate and they do not take my remarks as an environmentalist very seriously. But I want to learn. And I want some people in my institute who are economists. I want to understand what economists say, and I want to understand economics. I think that I can improve my work as an environmentalist in this way. So, do you want to help me?" And I said: "Sure." So I became his advisor, and we appointed a number of economists in his institute. Everything started with the invitation of the director of this environmental institute who thought that we have to do some integration.
The willingness to spend time is very important. Many people in our profession find that any minute not spent on their research papers is a waste of time. They talk about teaching "load", and they shy away from administrative duties and policy discussions. I understand, because these are the incentives that we put to the people in our profession. But if you are concerned about your policy impact, then you cannot wait until people in the policy arena start to read your papers because they won't. You have to make the effort to bridge the gap between the policy makers and you, and to reach out. This takes time, but it is not a waste of time.
How do you then feel is it possible to change those incentives?
I think we could change in the sense of how we evaluate our young scientists. If we evaluate them for tenure, then we only evaluate them according to their research output and grants. We say we look at other things, but we basically don't. However, it is also important that they are good teachers, because your next generation of economists is exposed to them. And you also have to teach them that it is important to bridge the gap to policy makers, and to show them that it is important.
The reason that we are using research output and grants is because they are easy to quantify. You can leave the evaluation for tenure almost to a secretary. So, again, it requires an effort from the senior faculty to find out if someone does good policy work. You need the senior faculty to be willing to spend some time on the evaluation of the younger faculty. Research should still be the number one issue, as someone who is not able to produce research papers should not have an academic career. But if we, as an academic community, are concerned about our policy impact, then we should put it as a criterion for our new faculty. So, we have to change the evaluation from something purely quantitative to something more broad.
The introduction of this quantitative criterion, meaning the focus on publications only, was to make selection objective. Now the young scientists have something to aim for (the number of publications), and this gives them something objective and the confidence that they are not depending on the subjectivity of the senior faculty. If you take this too far, then you lose out on things that need a subjective evaluation. The senior faculty thus needs to spend more time and have a number of criteria that they use in the evaluation to reach a tenure decision. If the academic community continues to think that it is important that policy impact is successful, then we need to have it as one of the criteria for tenure, otherwise this never works. You need to start to accept some grey area here.
I discussed this issue with many other senior researchers and all are of the same opinion as you. I feel this issue is very similar to journals. We all agree that the journals should be open access and author rights should stay with the researchers, but just like with the hiring problem, in the case of journals we economists also cannot coordinate on the pareto improving equilibrium.
I totally agree. But we should not give up, it is hopefully something that can improve over time. Talking about it and having a consensus is step number one, and then we have to try to implement it in our own environment, and see if this will spread and change the current situation.
What do you feel has been your greatest achievement over your career to date?
I think that my achievement lies in the combination of teaching, research and management. I have been teaching environmental economics for more than 25 years, I have written seminal papers in the areas of international pollution control and the economics of tipping points, and I have contributed to building a number of institutions. These institutions are the Economics Faculty in Tilburg (as dean), the environmental economics group (as professor), the EAERE (as president), and the Beijer Institute (as co-director).
What do you feel were the most important ingredients to make these institutions successful?
For each of these institutions, the story is different. In general, you need vision, enthusiasm and the willingness to spend time and energy. You also need a group of people who share all this and who trust each other. In case of the Economics Faculty in Tilburg, I was member of the task force, but the main driver was Arie Kapteyn. It was amazing to see the change into a research-oriented faculty. By constant signalling what you want to change, the people who share the vision join you and the people who do not share the vision leave. The idea for the Beijer Institute came from Karl-Göran Mäler and Partha Dasgupta. Carl Folke and I moved this forward for some time, but many people contributed. The success of the EAERE was again the result of vision, enthusiasm and perseverance of a core group of people, starting with Henk Folmer.
How have you seen environmental economics change over the decades, and what do like about it and what not?
In Europe, environmental economics started with a focus on theory, but gradually it became more empirical and adopted new developments in economics, such as behavioural economics and experimental methods. Environmental economics started with adding only some pollution and resource variables, but without a real integration with ecology. This is improving, but we need more. Regarding theory and empirics, it always fluctuates back and forth but at the end, we need a balance. The climate issue dominates the field at this point. This is understandable, and we need a balance here as well.
In one of your articles you gave graduate students some advice (de Zeeuw, 2014, EDE): "My first advice to graduate students is always that they should follow their own motivation… The field is very important and challenging, but be aware of comfort zones and realize that innovation usually occurs when you cross the borders, to natural sciences and back to economics again." Where do you currently see the comfort zones in environmental economics?
Comfort zones arise when people work with the same models and assumptions. They can be happy with reporting small improvements, but it may be better to invest in the corresponding natural science. It is hard work, but the reward is innovation and better science at the end. An example is a recent paper by Dietz and Venmans that is using insights on the impact delay of carbon emissions. In my own experience, the study of critical loads in acid rain, and tipping points in lakes, has improved my research in environmental economics.
You discussed a lot about comfort zones. Multidisciplinary research may deal with these comfort zones and many students are now turning to these modern multidisciplinary studies. Is this a good approach?
When we started environmental studies in Tilburg in 1990, this was a discussion. Should we start a multidisciplinary study, or should we have economics, law, sociology, politics, and at some point add environmental issues? We decided to focus on the traditional approach. That is much more productive than training the students in a multidisciplinary way. These students often lack depths in knowledge. At some point, they have to make a choice. You need to step over the borders of other sciences in order to create something new. If you do not know what is happening in the environment, then you cannot be a good environmental economist either. When you finish your studies, then you can work together with the researchers who have an environmental background.
What is greatest failure of environmental economics at the moment?
I do not see big failures, but we can always improve!
There is a concern with which I have been walking around for some time. We got to a point where we are able to advise on carbon taxes and to show the world that it is important to have another way of development. At the same time, I think this may not be enough. The problem with carbon taxes is that you may not avoid environmental degradation. If firms have enough resources to pay the taxes, you can say you can make the tax higher and at some point, you can eradicate the pollution, but this may take a while or you may never eradicate it. It is a trial and error process and at the same time, from the environmental side, we get warnings that we reach limits to what the earth can actually sustain. There is this famous paper on planetary boundaries in which they have nine areas where they say the earth really has its limits. In a way, economics is not prepared for limits. We still believe that everything is unlimited. We are missing something there. Yet at the same point, I do not have a very clear answer, because I also strongly believe in the incentives that we put forward with our policies, but I sometimes think this is not sufficient. We have to introduce some thinking of limits. This goes back to the limits-to-growth debate we had in the 70s. Although we never reached these limits yet, everything is still fine, we think, although we may have crossed a limit for the climate. I do not know, we will see, but I think it is a development that may become part of environmental economics in order to solve the issues we are facing.
In what direction would you like to see environmental economics develop? What would be the obstacles? Or differently, if there is something in our discipline that you could change, what would it be?
Environmental economics is inclusive, and designs policy that takes account of all costs and benefits. However, it also touches upon the carrying capacity of the earth. Therefore, I think that we have to ask ourselves the question whether our current set of policies, and the way in which we organize our economies, can solve all problems, or whether we need fundamental changes in our economies and policy institutions.
Could you share with us your thoughts or opinions on the necessary changes?
This is a big struggle, I must say. We do not have the right institutions at the global level. We still, for example, live in tax competition in Europe, and low taxes are often not compatible with protecting the environment. We need another type of institution. The European Union is not the type of institution that can save the environment. They talk a lot about the New Green Deal, but if they do not solve these institutional issues, they are not able to get anywhere.
There are many researchers who believe that Covid-19 gives rise to social change that may help to give rise to new institutions or might help us take steps in the right direction. Do you think Covid-19 is a game changer for environmental economics?
Maybe. The interesting thing about Covid-19 is that it has shown that society can take strict measures. All these lockdowns are very interesting, we have not seen that before. If we need such measures in order to prevent disasters and climate change, then it looks in principal possible. But we have to see whether that is really going to happen, I just don't know. Covid-19 was a strong enough threat that people felt. They could see the threat and thus were willing to follow the measures that the government imposed to prevent it. It is harder with climate change to show what is going to happen when it hits us. Therefore, it is harder to implement these types of measures. Another reason why I said maybe is because we also slow down in a lot of activities, such as flying around the world. We know that flying is not very good for climate, but we have to wait and see what happens. Are we going back to normal? Nowadays it seems that the main objective is to bring people back into employment, which means that all these activities have to restart and continue. There are alternatives of course, such as improve the train system in Europe and employ stewards and stewardesses on trains. But I am afraid that people, maybe even out of laziness, prefer to go back to the old ways of doing things and that we are going to be confronted with the same problems as if Covid-19 never happened.
Aren't our tools in environmental economics not well suited for this? For example, we tend to be more marginalist and we don't really have the tools to deal with radical change.
That is true. I mentioned earlier that we have not paid enough attention to limits such as the earth capacity. Here I come to my favourite topic of tipping points. If you correctly anticipate tipping points, then you consider non-smooth marginal effects, when the fundamental change happens, and you realize that you cannot return easily to the old situation. If you know this, your need a policy instrument that prevents you from tipping, in case you do not want to run the risk of tipping. My own research has been on instruments that reduce the risk of tipping, but I have to say that my own research does not take into account that we may want to prevent tipping. If you carefully look at the models, there is always a risk that tipping will occur, and if you do not want that to happen, our instruments are not sufficient and our way of thinking is not sufficient.
What do you think of the revolution in applied environmental economics and the emergence of exciting new big data sets?
First, I think that we need both experimental research and traditional empirical research. Big data has changed the identification issue. In the past, we worried about identification because of a lack of data, but now it seems to be the other way around. I still strongly believe in going back and forth between theory and concepts, on the one hand, and empirical verification and induction, on the other hand. At the end, it is all about acquiring stable insights in reality.
We economists we tend to have an approach that is heavily relying on mathematics. Do you think that held us back or do you see that as an advantage?
I basically think that it is an advantage. The only point is that you should not stay there. It is an advantage if you have a good theoretical concept, and if you can actually analyse within this theoretical framework. You have to be able to perform deductions here. But at the same time, you have to get out of this and work on empirical verification or induction. It is true that environmental economists, especially in Europe, started off with theory. It was simple, we just added a pollution or environmental variable. This is not enough, but the fact that we had this conceptual way of thinking, implied that we have been able to develop a solid environmental profession in Europe. We are not data mining now, but we are trying to bring back something into our theoretical structures, and this is important.
Over your career we have seen a real change in the conventional economics view of Environmental Economics. How do you see this relationship changing over the next 20 years?
I think that under pressure of the limited carrying capacity of the earth, economics will change and become environmental economics!
How do you mostly get your ideas?
First, you have to build a broad fertile basis for ideas by reading, listening and thinking. Ideas can pop up by introspection, but mostly I get ideas by talking to other people. Over the years, you discover the colleagues with whom this works specifically well. It can happen anywhere and anytime.
Most researchers shy away from administrative duties because this takes time away from research. Instead, you have been, among others, a faculty dean, director of institutes and president of societies, editor of journals, scientific director, and government advisor. How do you feel has this impacted your research?
First of all, without these administrative activities my research output would have been larger. It would also have been better in the sense that I would have spent more time in order to get deeper into the issues. On the other hand, these activities put me into contact with people who had a positive influence on the direction of my research.
I understand that most researchers shy away from administrative duties, because research is more fun. However, someone has to do it because without a good infrastructure, the academia will not function properly. Many people have told me that they were happy that I was willing to do it. It is also interesting, and the gratitude from the research community was rewarding.
How much time did you invest in your work in general?
I never really worked from nine to five. Instead, I always combined work and fun. Often I worked on Sunday mornings or nights. I had maybe a 50-hour working week. Definitely, I wish I had been more efficient. While I work, I am concentrated, but I cannot do this for 8 hours a day. The other times, I do reports, meetings, etc. During those times, I am also easily distracted. I wish I had been able to spend more time on the real work.
Sometimes the work dominates, and it can be easy to forget about other things in life. In that case, people need to be put in front of a mirror. For me, my daughter and my grandchildren definitely provided this mirror. They would not let work dominate me too much.
Do you feel research comes easy for you?
Nothing comes for free, I think. Instead, I believe that if you are the type of person for whom everything comes easy, then you may be spoilt and you may not achieve so much given your talents. If I wanted to achieve something, then I definitely needed to work hard. Some talent helps, of course.
What is more fun being a Pater familias of your own family, and grand children especially, or a "Pater familias" of the environmental economics community?
Good question! My own family comes first, and especially my grandchildren give me a new boost in life. However, I have also experienced great joy in coaching some young people in academia who became a sort of children to me. It is indeed very nice to be an older member of the family of environmental economists.
How important is friendship in delivering top research, and especially top-interdisciplinary research?
I can only deliver good work with other researchers, if they are also good friends. However, people differ, so that I cannot speak for everyone. I believe in the positive effect of friendship. When building my group in Tilburg, it was an important criterion for me that we would form a group of people who like to see each other and who like to work together.
You are still young. What are your aspirations for the future?
I am not so young anymore. I still like to work, but I partly do different things. For example, I wrote a paper on the history of the EAERE and we are currently working on a textbook. I also have another job at the university, namely as ombudsman for scientific integrity issues. I miss teaching but I do not miss grading exams and bachelor theses. I also miss the conferences and I hope we can meet again in person in the future.
And now for a bit of fun. Do you know the concept of holidays or do you take your papers to the beach?
I like the combination. I bring papers and I continue to think on holidays, but I also like to add some free days after a conference, for example.
What is your favourite economics joke or anecdote from a conference?
I always forget jokes, but there are the typical economist jokes. A physicist and an economist have to advice how to move a very heavy object from a ship to the quay. The physicist starts designing a system with pulleys, but the economist says "assume that the object is not heavy".
Cees and Rick believe that they know every answer that you may give to every question. Could you provide me with one question to which they do not know the answer?
What are the names of my grandchildren?
Please feel free to suggest someone else whose answers you would like to see.
Tasos Xepapadeas, Michael Hoel, Sangeeta Bansal, Valentina Bossetti, Rashid Hassan.
#MeetTopEnvEconAart de Zeeuw
Published by Ingmar Schumacher
@Ing_Schumacher https://www.facebook.com/ingmar.schumacher https://ingmarschumacher.com/ Environmental economist, with interests in cultural economics, sustainability, social norms, intergenerational justice, endogenous preferences and more... View all posts by Ingmar Schumacher
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Q: UpdateCursor not updating when run from PyCharm? I have a script in ArcPy that iterates through a set of intersection points and determines if all intersecting streets have the same attribute value in the CROSSLTS field, and if they do, sets the the intersection point's MarkForProcessing field value to 1. if the intersecting segments do not have identical CROSSLTS values, it sets the MarkForProcessing field value to 0.
When I run this script from the Python window of ArcMap, it takes 2 hours and I get an "out of memory" message before it completes. when i run it from PyCharm, it takes roughly 10 minutes, but the MarkForProcessing field is never updated.
Can someone could take a look?
import arcpy
workspace = 'C:\SRC\Bikestress\LTS classification.gdb'
arcpy.env.overwriteOutput = True

##check if all elements in a list are identical, returns true if so.
def checkEqual(lst):
    return lst.count(lst[0]) == len(lst)

arcpy.MakeFeatureLayer_management(r'C:\SRC\Bikestress\LTS classification.gdb\Intersections','INTERSECTIONSLYR','',workspace)
arcpy.MakeFeatureLayer_management(r'C:\SRC\Bikestress\LTS classification.gdb\roadmidsplit2','STREETSLYR','',workspace)

Intersectionfields = ["CONTROLTYPE","GLOBALID","MarkForProcessing","SHAPE@"]
StreetsFields = ["CROSS_LTS"]

count = 0
with arcpy.da.UpdateCursor('INTERSECTIONSLYR', Intersectionfields) as IntersectionCursor:
    for Intersection in IntersectionCursor:
        count += 1
        if Intersection[0] not in ["4STOP", "PED", "TRAFFICSIG"]:

            # select the intersection of the current row, and all adjacent segments
            arcpy.SelectLayerByLocation_management('STREETSLYR', "INTERSECT", Intersection[3], "", "NEW_SELECTION")

            CROSSLIST = []

            #make sure selection is not empty
            desc = arcpy.Describe('STREETSLYR')

            if desc.FIDSet == '':

                with arcpy.da.SearchCursor('STREETSLYR', StreetsFields) as StreetCursor:
                    for Street in StreetCursor:
                        CROSSLIST.append(Street[0])

                if len(CROSSLIST) != 0:
                    if not checkEqual(CROSSLIST):
                        Intersection[2] = 1
                    else:
                        Intersection[2] = 0

            IntersectionCursor.updateRow(Intersection)
        if str(count)[-2:] == "00":
            print(str(count) + " records processed")
print('writing intersections layer...')
arcpy.CopyFeatures_management("INTERSECTIONSLYR", r'C:\SRC\Bikestress\LTS classification.gdb\IntersectionsUpdated')
print("done")

A: Im not sure why your code does not work or why you get memory error but you could try some things:

*

*You dont need a function to check if all list elements are the same, use the set datatype which by definition cant contain duplicates. If len of the set is different from len of the list, you have duplicates

*A geometry (SHAPE@) cant be used as selecting features, it must be a layer. Create a layer for each row instead using OID.

*Indentent updateRow one level, no need to update row if you dont assign a new value.

Try using Spatial Join instead:
The reason your code is running so slow is that it has to execute Select By Location once for each row. Instead use Spatial Join to check the relationships once. Try:

Then:
import arcpy
from collections import defaultdict
arcpy.env.workspace = r'C:\Default.gdb'

spatjoin = 'Intersections_SpatialJoin_Roads'
spatjoinfields = ['TARGET_FID','Roadname']

intersections = 'Intersections'
field_to_update = 'Roadcheck'

d = defaultdict(list)

with arcpy.da.SearchCursor(spatjoin,spatjoinfields) as cursor:
    for target_fid, roadname in cursor:
        d[target_fid].append(roadname)

updatedict = {}
for key,value in d.items(): #d.iteritems() in python2
    if None in value: #If no roads are found
        updatedict[key] = 3
    elif len(set(value))==1:
        updatedict[key] = 1
    else:
        updatedict[key] = 0

with arcpy.da.UpdateCursor(intersections,['OID@',field_to_update]) as cursor:
    for row in cursor:
        if row[0] in updatedict:
            row[1] = updatedict[row[0]]
            cursor.updateRow(row)

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Barbara	| 2018-07-22
It's possible to assume that the beauty of the naked human body has been inspiring people since the dawn of times. It was reflected in the earliest cave drawings. A female with exaggerated breasts is seen in a 25,000-year-old a rock carving on the banks of the Danube River. The legacy of ancient Greeks and Romans describes straight, homosexual, and group sex. In Peru, sex scenes were drawn on pottery. Finally, who hasn't heard of Kama Sutra, the Indian sex manual?
Later on, wealthy aristocrats commissioned sexually tinted artworks. During the Renaissance, the Catholic church destroyed I Modi, a book whose engravings depicted sex positions. In the 18th century, Russian Empress Catherine II was said to have an erotic art room with furniture elements resembling penises and vulvas. In the 19th-century, Edouard Manet, Edgar Degas, and other impressionists shocked the public with nude paintings.
The Birth of Pornography
The concept of porn as we know it appeared in the Victorian Era, along with laws prohibiting its sale and publication. Based on The English Obscene Publications Act passed in 1857, police had to seize and destroy such material, and 20 years later, sending of so-called "obscene" items by mail was prohibited in the U.S. The term, however, remained unclear until the UK, and later US courts established the Hicklin test for obscenity defining it as the "tendency … to deprave and corrupt those whose minds are open to such immoral influences, and into whose hands a publication of this sort may fall."
Despite the regulation, pornography developed rapidly, and the invention of the moving picture gave it a new tool. Eugène Pirou and Albert Kirchner, porn film pioneers, directed Le coucher de la mariée in 1896 showing a newlywed woman undressing for her husband. Subsequently, the wave of pornographic films, which were distributed privately, spread to the US and France.
In 1969, Denmark became the first country to eliminate censorship laws, which ushered in the Golden Age of Pornography, with erotic films entering the mainstream. In Blue Movie, Andy Warhol boldly showed the unsimulated sex of a straight couple. His work was followed by The Last Tango in Paris, Mona, Deep Throat, and The Devil and Mrs. Jones, which were reviewed in mainstream publications. Next, the hippies emerged, and government regulations were relaxed further.
In the 1990s, the internet revolutionized pornography, making it easily accessible online. From then on, pornography has been a business and an extremely lucrative one. According to some estimates, as much as half of all Internet content today is porn-related. New tech devices are continuously transforming pornography. Nowadays porn has spread to video games, and the content can be viewed on all kinds of mobile devices. New videos are filmed and uploaded every day. Finally, with the adoption of VR, porn has essentially become interactive.
Porn history	history of porn, history of pornography, porn history, porn in art, pornography
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Butter Paneer Masala is a delicious dish made with simple ingredients and can be made in a short time.This dish goes well with Naan, chapati (wheat bread) or rice .This is one of the favorite dishes of my kids .In fact, any dish with Paneer (Indian cheese ) or any cheese for that matter and I can see the excitement at dinner.This is a very popular dish and seen in the menus of almost every Indian restaurant.
A delicious,paneer or Indian cheese recipe based on Indian cuisine and perfect for dinner with rice and wheat bread.
The paneer (Indian cheese) is readily available in Indian groceries or whole foods. Paneer can be also made at home by adding 1/2 cup of lemon to 1/2 a gallon of boiling milk and straining the curdled milk into a muslin or cheese cloth and removing all the water.The cheese can then be cut into cubes or desired shapes.
Grind the onion and tomatoes to a fine paste with minimum water in a blender.
Soak the cashew and raisins in the milk for about 10 minutes and grind it to a paste.
Heat a pan with oil or butter and add the spices cumin seeds, clove, cinnamon and bay leaves to it.
Add the tomato onion paste and ginger garlic paste to the oil and fry it .You may want to close the lid of the pan to avoid any spills.Keep stirring occasionally until it turns into a semi solid paste and oil starts to leave the paste.
Next add the turmeric, red chilly powder and garam masala powder and continue to cook.
Add the paste of the cashew, raisins ,milk and little water to adjust the consistency of the gravy and simmer for a while.
Next, add the paneer (Indian cheese) and powdered dried fenugreek leaves to this and turn off heat, once the paneer becomes soft.
Garnish with chopped coriander leaves and squeeze half a lemon into it if you like.
You may add heavy cream as well to get a rich flavor, I did not add it and it still tasted very yummy.
Thank you , it is a delicious dish!


text:
'Groufie' shots made easy with the new OPPO F3 Plus
Posted by Arvin Ello at 1:15 AM
Mobile technology brand OPPO just launched its flagship dual selfie camera phone, the F3 Plus—the first-ever smartphone with a wide-angle dual front camera to easily accommodate 'groufies' in a single shot. The new phone will be out in Philippine stores as well as in India, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia beginning April 1.
"Since OPPO started the Selfie Revolution in the Philippines with the F1 Series, we've gone through incredible growth especially when we became the country's second bestselling smartphone in 2016," OPPO Philippines Brand Marketing Manager Stephen Cheng said. "We are very excited to see the F3 Plus start a new trend in groufies and reinforce our position as the Selfie Expert."
"The F3 Plus was developed for both selfie lovers and photography buffs who want a smartphone that lets them take stunning shots wherever they are, no matter the time of day. Our newest camera phone packs state-of-the-art hardware and software in a sleek body to deliver outstanding performance and style, perfect for the urban lifestyle," Cheng added.
From Selfie to Groufie
Set to be the ultimate Selfie Expert, the F3 Plus builds upon the technology of the earlier OPPO F1s to deliver outstanding selfie photography. The new smartphone sports a similar 16-megapixel (MP) selfie camera with a 1/3-inch sensor for clear image results even in low light, as well as an f/2.0 aperture for depth-of-field aesthetic.
OPPO F3 Plus Launch in Manila (Part 1)
The difference lies in the additional secondary camera. This 8MP groufie-camera has a wide 120-degree angle—105 percent larger than the regular 80-degree lens field of view— which allows more people to fit inside the frame. The wide-angle shot is also complemented by a 6P lens to minimize distortion.
Ease of use has been carefully designed into the front camera's functionality to reflect OPPO's "user-oriented" philosophy. The built-in Smart Facial Recognition, for instance, notifies users to switch to "Groufie" mode when more than three people are detected. This makes the switch from selfie to groufie effortless while keeping image quality stable.
The new smartphone still comes with the brand's pioneering image editing software, Beautify 4.0, which offers a range of beautification modes for a flawless look in every selfies and groufies.
Built for Professional Photography
Significant improvements have also been made for the rear-facing camera. Co-developed by Sony, the 16MP back camera is now powered by a customized 1/2.8-inch IMX398 sensor for fast focusing speed, outstanding noise reduction, and advanced low-light performance—ideal for serious photography.
The sensor has been developed using dual-phase autofocus (DUAL PDAF) technology to double the pixel array area, which is composed of photodiodes that determine the camera's point of focus. This increases focusing speeds by 40 percent even in less-than-ideal lighting conditions. Together with a large f/1.7 aperture, the sensor enables the rear camera to capture clear and breathtaking photos.
Flawless Inside and Out
The F3 Plus is engineered with hardware designed to support its powerful front and rear cameras. The phone's octa-core processor is backed by a 4GB RAM and 64GB ROM to ensure speed, while OPPO's ColorOS 3.0 optimizes performance to lower energy consumption.
A built-in 4000mAh battery provides more than 284 hours of standby time for whole-day use. OPPO's proprietary and industry-leading rapid VOOC Charging Solution also cuts charging duration by four times compared with standard units; even five minutes on the plug is enough for a continuous two-hour call.
Dual SIM users will be glad to know that the F3 Plus includes a double-slot card tray for holding two Nano 4GSIM cards. The second slot can be used for a Micro SD card to expand storage up to 256GB.
Lightning-Fast Touch Access also unlocks the phone in just 0.2 seconds—the fastest in the market. The same scanning technology allows users to assign fingerprints to quickly launch phone numbers and apps. An Avast-based virus scanner further adds protection to keep phone data secure.
Exquisite Craftsmanship for an Upscale Look
At the core of every OPPO phone is the brand's belief in "design excellence." Casing the F3 Plus is a sleek metal unibody that gives the phone an elegant form either in luxurious Black or opulent Gold. The back shell also comes with an innovative ultra-fine six-string antenna to exude a more upscale appearance. But beyond aesthetics, the body is sculpted for proper hand grip so users can take selfies with comfort.
To match the polished look is the phone's durability. The six-inch display screen is made of 2.5D Corning Gorilla Glass 5 to resist damage. Pre-applied protective coating further makes the screen scratch-proof.
The F3 Plus in Gold is coming to the Philippines this April 1 with the suggested retail price of P23,990. Pre-orders, along with a free Bluetooth headset and a selfie stick, will be available in all OPPO concept stores and selected dealer stores nationwide as well as at the brand's official online shop in Lazada from March 24 to 31.
Shoppers can get OPPO's latest Selfie Expert via Home Credit through a nine-month installment plan at zero percent interest. They can also watch out for Globe's exclusive offer for OPPO F3 Plus, with date and details to be announced soon.
Labels: Camera, Information Technology, Mobile, Photography, Technology


Swedish Rock 'N Roll King Jerry William recently passed away. I never really liked him but on the musical resume I actually like a quite a few pieces.
Here with a well live performed Working Class Hero. The vocal dynamics in the performance is super. I like when the vocal combines piano and crescendo like that.
Of the versiones Duck found I think this is the best. Including John's original.


text:
<?php

/**
 * @author Serkin Alexander <serkin.alexander@gmail.com>
 */
class Foler
{
    /**
     * @var PDO
     */
    private $dbh = null;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    private $dbDSN;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    private $dbUser;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    private $error;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    private $dbPassword;

    /**
     * @param string $dbDSN
     * @param string $dbUser
     * @param string $dbPassword
     */
    public function __construct($dbDSN, $dbUser, $dbPassword = '')
    {
        $this->dbDSN        = $dbDSN;
        $this->dbUser       = $dbUser;
        $this->dbPassword   = $dbPassword;
    }

    public function hasError()
    {
        return !empty($this->error);
    }

    public function getError()
    {
        return $this->error;
    }

    public function clearError()
    {
        $this->error = null;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $error
     */
    public function setError($error) {
        $this->error = $error;
    }

    /**
     * Connects to database.
     *
     * @throws PDOException
     */
    public function connect()
    {
        $dbh = new PDO($this->dbDSN, $this->dbUser, $this->dbPassword);
        $this->dbh = $dbh;
        $this->dbh->exec('SET NAMES utf8');

    }

    /**
     * Gets all projects.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getAllProjects()
    {
        $sth = $this->dbh->prepare('SELECT * FROM `project`');
        $sth->execute();

        return $sth->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
    }

    /**
     * Gets all codes from project.
     *
     * @param int    $idProject
     * @param string $keyword
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getAllCodes($idProject, $keyword = null)
    {
        $sth = $this->dbh->prepare('SELECT DISTINCT (`code`) FROM `translation` WHERE `id_project` = ? and `code` like ?');

        $keyword = !is_null($keyword) ? "%$keyword%" : '%%';

        $sth->bindParam(1, $idProject, PDO::PARAM_INT);
        $sth->bindParam(2, $keyword, PDO::PARAM_STR);

        $sth->execute();

        return $sth->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
    }

    /**
     * Gets translation according with given code and idProject or all records.
     *
     * @param int    $idProject
     * @param string $code
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getTranslation($idProject, $code = null)
    {
        $languages = $this->getLanguagesFromProject($idProject);

        $dbRecords = !is_null($code) ? $this->getCodeTranslation($idProject, $code) : array();

        $returnValue = array();
        $returnValue['code'] = $code;

        foreach ($languages as $lang):
            $returnValue['translations'][] = [
                'language'      => $lang,
                'translation'   => !empty($dbRecords[$lang]) ? $dbRecords[$lang] : '',
            ];
        endforeach;

        return $returnValue;
    }

    public function getAllTranslationsFromProject($idProject)
    {
        $sth = $this->dbh->prepare('SELECT * FROM `translation` WHERE `id_project` = ?');
        $sth->bindParam(1, $idProject, PDO::PARAM_INT);
        $sth->execute();

        return $sth->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
    }

    private function getCodeTranslation($idProject, $code)
    {
        $returnValue = array();

        $sth = $this->dbh->prepare('SELECT * FROM `translation` WHERE `id_project` = ? and `code` = ?');
        $sth->bindParam(1, $idProject, PDO::PARAM_INT);
        $sth->bindParam(2, $code, PDO::PARAM_STR);

        $sth->execute();

        foreach ($sth->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC) as $record):
            $returnValue[$record['language']] = $record['translation'];
        endforeach;

        return $returnValue;
    }

    /**
     * Get all information about project.
     *
     * @param int $idProject
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getProjectById($idProject)
    {
        $sth = $this->dbh->prepare('SELECT * FROM `project` WHERE `id_project` = ?');
        $sth->bindParam(1, $idProject, PDO::PARAM_INT);
        $sth->execute();

        return $sth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
    }

    /**
     * Saves project.
     *
     * Edits project if $idProject was specified
     *
     * @param string $name
     * @param string $path
     * @param string $languages
     * @param int    $idProject
     *
     * @return int|bool False on error
     */
    public function saveProject($name, $path, $languages, $idProject = null)
    {

        $this->clearError();

        if (is_null($idProject)) {
            $sth = $this->dbh->prepare('INSERT INTO `project` (`name`, `path`, `languages`) VALUES(?, ?, ?)');
        } else {
            $sth = $this->dbh->prepare('UPDATE `project` SET `name` = ?, `path` = ?, `languages` = ? WHERE `id_project` = ?');
        }

        $sth->bindParam(1, $name, PDO::PARAM_STR);
        $sth->bindParam(2, $path, PDO::PARAM_STR);
        $sth->bindParam(3, $languages, PDO::PARAM_STR);

        if (is_null($idProject)) {
            $sth->execute();
            $returnValue = $this->dbh->lastInsertId() ? $this->dbh->lastInsertId() : 0;
        } else {
            $sth->bindParam(4, $idProject, PDO::PARAM_INT);
            $sth->execute();
            $returnValue = $idProject;
        }

        if(!empty($sth->errorInfo()[2])) {
            $this->setError($sth->errorInfo()[2]);
        }

        return $returnValue;
    }

    /**
     * Removes project.
     *
     * @param int $idProject
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function deleteProject($idProject)
    {
        $sth = $this->dbh->prepare('DELETE FROM `project` WHERE `id_project` = ?');

        $sth->bindParam(1, $idProject, PDO::PARAM_INT);

        return $sth->execute();
    }

    /**
     * @param int    $idProject
     * @param string $code
     * @param array  $arr
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function saveTranslation($idProject, $code, $arr)
    {
        $languages = $this->getLanguagesFromProject($idProject);

        foreach ($languages as $language) {

            if (isset($arr[$language])) {
                $value = !empty($arr[$language]) ? $arr[$language] : '';

                $sth = $this->dbh->prepare('INSERT INTO `translation` (`id_project`, `code`, `language`, `translation`) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?)'
                                .'ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `translation` = ?');

                $sth->bindParam(1, $idProject, PDO::PARAM_INT);
                $sth->bindParam(2, $code, PDO::PARAM_STR);
                $sth->bindParam(3, $language, PDO::PARAM_STR);
                $sth->bindParam(4, $value, PDO::PARAM_STR);
                $sth->bindParam(5, $value, PDO::PARAM_STR);

                if ($sth->execute() === false) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @param int    $idProject
     * @param string $code
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function deleteCode($idProject, $code)
    {
        $sth = $this->dbh->prepare('DELETE FROM `translation` WHERE `code` = ? and `id_project` = ?');

        $sth->bindParam(1, $code, PDO::PARAM_STR);
        $sth->bindParam(2, $idProject, PDO::PARAM_INT);

        return $sth->execute();
    }

    public function getLanguagesFromProject($idProject)
    {
        $returnValue = array();

        $data = $this->getProjectById($idProject);

        if (!empty($data['languages'])):
            $returnValue = explode(',', $data['languages']);
        endif;

        return $returnValue;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
package org.spongepowered.common.item.inventory.adapter.impl.comp;

import org.spongepowered.api.item.inventory.Inventory;
import org.spongepowered.api.item.inventory.type.InventoryRow;
import org.spongepowered.common.item.inventory.lens.Fabric;
import org.spongepowered.common.item.inventory.lens.comp.InventoryRowLens;

public class InventoryRowAdapter extends Inventory2DAdapter implements InventoryRow {

    private InventoryRowLens rowLens;

    public InventoryRowAdapter(Fabric inventory, InventoryRowLens root, Inventory parent) {
        super(inventory, root, parent);
        this.rowLens = root;
    }

}


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Welcome to Webonise</title>
    <title>Live Cropping Demo</title>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
    <script src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script src="js/Jcrop.js"></script>
    <script src="js/ckeditor/ckeditor.js"></script>
    <script src="js/ckeditor/adapters/jquery.js"></script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/main.css" type="text/css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/demos.css" type="text/css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/custom.css" type="text/css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/Jcrop.css" type="text/css" />

    <script type="text/javascript">

        $(function(){

            $('#cropbox').Jcrop({
                aspectRatio: 1,
                onSelect: updateCoords
            });

        });

        function updateCoords(c)
        {
            $('#x').val(c.x);
            $('#y').val(c.y);
            $('#w').val(c.w);
            $('#h').val(c.h);
        };

        function checkCoords()
        {
            if (parseInt($('#w').val())) return true;
            alert('Please select a crop region then press submit.');
            return false;
        };

    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
        table{
            width:600px;
            margin:0 auto;

        }
        #target {
            background-color: #ccc;
            width: 500px;
            height: 330px;
            font-size: 24px;
            display: block;
        }
    </style>

</head>
<body>


Who Needs the Mid-Credits Scene in 'Thor: The Dark World' Explained?
If you were a bit confused about what happened in the mid-credits scene in this weekend's inevitable box office champion Thor: The Dark World (there's also an amusing scene at the end of the credits), you're not the only one. There are plenty of non-comic book readers out there who didn't know what the odd scene in the middle of the credits was all about. We'll explain the scene below (so beware of spoilers), and talk about how it will affect the rest of Phase Two in Marvel's cinematic universe, and how it even hints at what might be coming up in Phase Three. So without further adieu, let's dive into some nerdy comic book stuff.
After some of the credits have rolled for Thor: The Dark World, we're reunited with Sif (Jaimie Alexander) and Volstagg (Ray Stevenson), who are taking the dangerous Aether for safe-keeping at what looks to be a strange alien museum/indoor zoo run by someone who looks like Will Ferrell as Mugatu in Zoolander. Well, that guy is actually Benicio del Toro as Taneleer Tivan, or as he's more commonly referred to and called in the scene, The Collector. He's one of the Elders of the Universe (coming in at about three billion years old), a group of alien beings who are the last remaining members of their respective species. Each of the Elders had their own obsessive hobbies, and as you might have guessed, The Collector likes to collect things. Artifacts, alien creatures, weapons, etc. are his obsession, and in the comic books, he ends up wanting to collect The Avengers.
And so, Sif and Volstagg have been tasked with handing over the Aether to The Collector for safe-keeping (though you can tell this guy isn't very trustworthy), because Asgard is already storing the Tesseract (from Captain America: The First Avenger and The Avengers), and as Volstagg explains, it's too dangerous to keep two Infinity Stones in the same place. When this was said, some people might have gasped, fainted or screamed with excitement. And the moment was made all the better when The Collector ominously said, "One down, five to go." If you don't know why all this is so thrilling for Marvel fans, we'll explain that too.
Power Gem (Red) – Increased strength and durability, enhances superhuman ability, energy manipulation.
Time Gem (Orange) – Time travel, stopping/slowing down or speeding up time, accelerate or slow down aging, see into past/future.
Space Gem (Purple) – Travel through space, mostly through teleportation. Able to interfere with the motion of other objects.
Soul Gem (Green) – Observe, attack or even steal a being's soul or spirit. Also used to revert individuals to their natural state.
Reality Gem (Yellow) – Alters all of reality; similar to the effects of a Cosmic Cube, but much, much higher.
Mind Gem (Blue) – Near-limitless psionic/psychic abilities including empathy, telepathy and telekinesis.
In the film world, we've had the Tesseract and the Aether, clearly red and blue, but they don't exactly correspond with the gems from the comic books. The Aether could be considered the Power Gem seeing the effects it had on Jane Foster and Malekith in the film, but it doesn't fit perfectly. As for the Tesseract, it doesn't really fit the description of the blue Mind Gem, or any of the gems for that matter, so we're not sure how that will change things as the story unfolds.
Anyway, why are all these gems important? Well, in the comic books, they are all collected by Thanos, who appeared in the credits scene in The Avengers, and fitted into a golden glove, creating a weapon known as The Infinity Gauntlet, which is part of one of the most iconic Marvel storylines. He ends up using it to destroy half the universe in order to please the physical embodiment of Death (now you know why that line in the credits bumper about courting death is important).
As you can see in the photo above, The Infinity Gauntlet was once on display at Comic-Con in 2010, but only briefly. Of course, with the Internet spreading things like wildfire, everyone found out about it, and talk of a lead-up to the famous comic storyline coming to life on the big screen has been rampant. And now with this mid-credits scene in Thor: The Dark World, it's pretty much confirmed. But how will this all play out?
Well, the mid-credits scene is certainly part of a bigger plan for what lies ahead in the Marvel universe, but it's also a big set-up for Guardians of the Galaxy. We learned Benicio del Toro was playing The Collector over the summer, and this leads into that cosmic superhero ensemble rather nicely. The character has been said to be one of the villains in the film, but director James Gunn (who directed the scene in question) said Ronan the Accuser (Lee Pace) is the main villain, and he works for Thanos. More than likely, The Collector merely wants the gems for his collection, but in the comics, the one gem he gets ahold of ends up being taken by Thanos. We're guessing Guardians of the Galaxy will involve another Infinity Stone, and our ragtag team of heroes has to stop it from falling into the wrong hands.
As for Thanos, we're betting this will lead-up to his appearance as the main bad guy in The Avengers 3. Some originally thought he would take the spotlight in The Avengers 2, but when the title was announced as The Avengers: Age of Ultron (with James Spader playing the title villain), that pretty much put the kibosh on that plan. However, there's likely still some kind of connection to the bigger Marvel plan there. Of course, we're still a couple years away from finding that out.
No matter what happens, it's incredible to see this kind of cohesive planning between multiple blockbuster franchises. Having Marvel bring some of their most iconic storylines and characters to life in this manner is unprecedented, and the studio continues to give fans what they want, even if they mess with the mythology a bit (see Mandarin in Iron Man 3). All I know is the feeling that arose when the Infinity Stones were mentioned in this credits scene made me feel like a kid again. We can't wait to see what happens next.
Great explanation. Can't wait to see what unfolds over the next few years!
Good article. Explains a lot. One note:Please hire some interns to edit your writing. And don't say you didn't have time.
I agree. Aren't you a senior editor Ethan?
the tesseract is space not sure about the aether but if i had to guess it is reality.
Beautiful explanation you gave here. I want to hug this cinematic universe to my chest.
Wikipedia is your friend, folks.
Meh...http://www.craveonline.com/film/interviews/601057 this interview that Crave Australia did with Kevin Feige that went up a few days ago actually explains that they ARE Infinity Gems - the Tesseract is Space and the crystallised Aether is another Gem - though which is unspecified in the article..
You're assuming they follow the cannon almost to the letter.
Well, in the scene the Tesseract is definitely an Infinity Stone because it's specifically called that. It's just a matter of what stone, and the way the stones transfer to the big screen may not be exactly the same as it is in the comic books.
Hmmmm you know what i havent had in awhile.....................Big League Chew.
Can someone explain to me (and why no one has mentioned) the cheap and tacky production level of this scene? It looks like it was shot in Kevin Smith's basement! It felt like a scene from an early Power Rangers episode - not from a multimillion dollar plus franchise. Seriously not bagging on anyone here - just was truly shocked with how cheap it felt........anyone else agree?


text:
Збі́рна Белі́зу з футбо́лу — національна футбольна команда, що представляє Беліз на міжнародних футбольних матчах та входить до КОНКАКАФ.

 року посідає 170 місце в рейтингу ФІФА та 23 місце (з 35) в рейтингу КОНКАКАФ.

Відсторонення збірної
15 червня 2011 року збірна Белізу стартувала у відборі до Чемпіонату світу 2014 року у Бразилії виїзним матчем проти збірної Монтсеррату, який виграла з рахунком 2:5. За тиждень до цього в Федерацію футболу Белізу (ФФБ) надійшов лист від Міністерства спорту, в якому йшлося про те, що ФФБ "не уповноважена представляти країну на будь-яких місцевих чи міжнародних змаганнях або на будь-якому іншому форумі з футболу від імені уряду, народу та нації Белізу", оскільки вона "не виконала вимог щодо реєстрації в Раді як Національному органі з питань футболу в Белізі".

Через два дні після отримання листа ФІФА проінформувавала федерацію про те, що згідно з Статутом ФІФА, втручання уряду у справи футбольних федерацій-членів ФІФА неприпустиме. ФІФА вимагала вирішити конфлікт до 30 червня, інакше справа буде направлена до Комітету з надзвичайних ситуацій. У відповідь на це 16 червня уряд Белізу заявив, що не гарантує безпеку для збірної Монтсеррату та чиновників ФІФА, які будуть присутні на матчі-відповіді, який мав пройти 19 червня вже у Белізі. ФІФА не стала тягнути з відповіддю. Вже на наступний день після скандальної заяви з боку місцевого уряду був зібраний Комітет з надзвичайних ситуацій, на якому було вирішено відкласти проведення матчу-відповіді на невизначений термін, втім, не пізніше ніж до 10 липня.

7 липня 2011 року Комітет з надзвичайних ситуацій прийняв рішення тимчасово скасувати до 15 серпня відсторонення ФФБ від міжнародних змагань після "деяких позитивних зрушень у справі", як було сказано в повідомленні від ФФБ до ФІФА. Також було вирішено зіграти матч-відповідь не в Белізі для уникнення ризику того, що влада Белізу не захоче гарантувати безпечне проведення матчу. На засіданні комітету було визначено нову дату його проведення ― 17 липня. Не дивлячись на це, ФІФА заявила, що відсторонення буде автоматично подовжене, якщо до 15 серпня ФФБ не врегулює свої відносини з урядом країни.

У підсумку всі сторони конфлікту дійшли згоди і збірна була допущена до кваліфікації на мундіаль.

Чемпіонат світу

 1930—1986 — не брала участі
 1994 — не брала участі
 1998—2018 — не пройшла кваліфікацію

Золотий кубок КОНКАКАФ

 1991 — не брала участі
 1993 — не брала участі
 1996—2002 — не пройшла кваліфікацію
 2003 — не брала участі
 2005—2011 — не пройшла кваліфікацію
 2013 — 12 місце (груповий етап)
 2015 — не пройшла кваліфікацію

Центральноамериканський кубок

 1991 — не брала участі
 1993 — не брала участі
 1995 — груповий етап
 1997 — не пройшла кваліфікацію
 1999 — груповий етап
 2001 — груповий етап
 2003 — не брала участі
 2005 — 2011 — груповий етап
 2013 — 4 місце
 2014 — груповий етап

Примітки

Посилання
 Збірна Белізу на сайті ФІФА

Футбольна збірна Белізу

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Sylvia Plath, Shirley Jackson, and Dorothy Parker Walk into a Bar…
Posted on May 30, 2020 by pacialinde
Stories of Resilience: Lee Grant
"Obsession is the most important thing in an actor or a director or a writer's life, you know. You have to be obsessed and if you lose that obsession, you know, what are you going to do."
-Lee Grant, in conversation with Robert Osbourne, 2014.
There is both inscrutability and vulnerability in the face of Lee Grant. An indecipherable cool that draws the audience to her instantly, seeking clarity. She is aloof, her aesthetic a perfect embodiment of the sixties. She is an actor whose career has spanned decades of cultural and societal shift. Hers is the story of a career that almost never happened. But it is also the story of a career revived. Lee Grant could have just disappeared, the powers that be and the standards of the day would have been more comfortable with that eventuality, but she, drawing on a deep well of resilience, persisted and had the most fruitful part of her career after surviving the Hollywood blacklist.
Grant, an actor in the theatre, was not particularly familiar with or interested in the inner workings of Hollywood. She was a New Yorker, entrenched in the ground-breaking work of the Actor's Studio, Stanislavski, and the Method. For those who are not familiar, the Method was a new type of acting, gaining prominence in mid-century America, where an actor was encouraged to draw on the emotions and events of his or her own life in order to create a compelling portrait, a backstory for the character that was to inform all of their movements. Grant had no interest in pursuing a career in Hollywood, but when she was asked to reprise a role she had originated on Broadway, she went. In Detective Story (1951) Grant played a shoplifter and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. But Grant was entering a world that was in the midst of upheaval, one that was marred by fear and apprehension. The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) had been investigating Hollywood for fear that writers, directors, actors, and producers were inserting subversive, communistic messages into the movies. If the committee found a person uncooperative or deemed them "un-American" in their affiliations or ties, they were put on a blacklist and their career was effectively over. The result was an atmosphere of accusation and fear in which careers and lives were lost, and people often turned on one another to save themselves. After a colleague of Grant's died of a heart attack, it was her contention that his death was the result of the stress of the blacklist and HUAC. She said as much in a eulogy at his funeral. Mere days later, she found her name in Red Channels, a pamphlet that listed alleged subversives. She refused to name names, the only way to appease HUAC at the time. At age 24, she was blacklisted. Luckily for Lee and for many actors, Broadway and the theatre refused to participate in the blacklist. Although she was now unwelcome in Hollywood, she was still able to perform sporadically in the theatre. However, her husband, who she married around this time, now expected her to stay home and take care of his children from another marriage. This, of course, along with the blacklist, stifled her career. She didn't work regularly for 12 years. Acting, the place that she had thought of as a home, as a source of comfort, was gone. In her memoir, Grant describes her early days of acting as such. It "was to become my religion. A holy, safe place, a process that took place inside of me and that was to be protected at all costs. Nothing ever was allowed to get between me and the process I had given myself, to create in my own way… My truth. I had at last found my holy grail" (56). But just as quickly as she had found it, it seemed to be gone.
When Lee Grant got off the blacklist in 1964, she was 36 years old. It is on the subject of aging and beauty that Grant is incredibly frank. Lee, knowing the beauty and age standards that existed then in Hollywood, and still persist today, refused to accept that her age would hinder her career. She was finally free of the limitations of the blacklist and a dysfunctional marriage but, unfortunately, she was about to find herself in another kind of prison, one made of exacting and unrelenting beauty standards. Knowing that, by Hollywood standards, she had already passed her prime, she had a facelift, a rare procedure at the time, and speaks of being in a constant state of anxiety that her age would be found out or that her face would betray her, that her beauty would fade. In her memoir, Grant is as aware of the impossible standards as she is of her own involvement in them, and her powerlessness before them. "Nobody on TV or watching TV cared about your quality as an actress or your talent. Talent was my secret weapon. But to survive in Hollywood, I had to physically fit the town's requirements for a young woman. I had to be pretty, and I had to be cute and funny on set" (207). She submitted to the beauty standards, she had to, but in her examination of them and their effect on her life, she denounces them wholeheartedly. She speaks about her obsession with her lighting, how her face was framed in a shot, and how these concerns often put her in a state of constant conflict with others on set as she attempted to achieve a perfection that, for her, was necessary to survival. All of these things, she knew, could make or break her. She would have to be a vision of perfection, always. There was no room for error. In her films of this era, In the Heat of the Night (1967), Valley of the Dolls (1967), and Shampoo (1975), she is incandescent, she is captivating. It is hard to believe that she was someone who struggled with the unrealistic expectations of Hollywood, that she was forced to mold herself into a more acceptable and youthful form of femininity. It all appears so effortless. But she did. Grant is aware that, in Hollywood, her acting career and her worth as an actor was tied solely to her appearance, rather than her skill. She used this, she benefited from it, but it ultimately restricted and subjected her to a whole new round of anxiety and fear.
When Grant won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her work in Shampoo, she saw it as a bookend. On the one end of her career was Detective Story, on the other, Shampoo. Now that she had proven herself, she could look to new horizons. She had survived. She is the only actor put on the blacklist that managed, once the list had been retired, to build on and surpass her former fame. She had found success after the blacklist. She had proven to everyone that she was worthy. She was done. After her Oscar win, Grant began making documentary films. She chronicled the plight of the homeless and the effect of Reaganomics in Down and Out in America. These were now the stories that she told. And once again, winning awards and acclaim, she was successful.
Lee Grant is the indelible image of cool reserve, an image so related to and of the sixties. She is a woman whose career, as with the careers of so many women, was contingent on her beauty, on her appeal, and not on her talent. But she did have talent. She had so much talent. She had talent and enterprise. Grant was able to continuously reinvent herself. She was not content to disappear. She would survive the blacklist, she would survive a dysfunctional marriage, she would survive the demanding and unrealistic beauty standards of a fickle industry, and she would once again reinvent herself as a director. She is not only the image of reserve, she is the image of survival.
Grant, Lee. I Said Yes to Everything: A Memoir. New York, Blue Rider Press, 2014. Kindle.
Osborne, Robert. "A Conversation With Lee Grant." Turner Classic Movies. 2014. Video, 37:02. http://www.tcm.com/mediaroom/video/1033419/Conversation-With-Lee-Grant-A-TCM-Original-2014.html.
Previous Article Searching for an Idealized Past with "The Swimmer"
Next Article Discovering a Forgotten Gem: Claudia Weill's "Girlfriends"
3 thoughts on "Stories of Resilience: Lee Grant"
Caroline Taylor says:
OMG, I love your topics!!!!! Will say more a bit later but wanted to get that in. And "The Swimmer"—who writes, or even KNOWS, about "The Swimmer"?! Fantastic.
("The Swimmer" in reference to another of your pieces, of course, not Lee Grant.)
pacialinde says:
pacialinde@gmail.com
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Wash. State Court Violates Florist's Religious Freedom to Opt Out of Gay Wedding
By Tyler O'Neil 2017-02-16T22:44:03
In a unanimous decision issued Thursday, the Washington State Supreme Court upheld the fines against florist Barronelle Stutzman for refusing to sell flowers to a long-time customer for his same-sex wedding. The court rejected her claims regarding freedom of speech, freedom of association, and free exercise of religion in order to uphold a state non-discrimination law.
Stutzman's claims, like those of other small business owners who have refused service for homosexual weddings — but emphatically not to gay or lesbian people as a class — rely on her argument that she does not discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation, but only denies service in specific cases that would implicate her in public speech, namely the wedding of a man to another man. The court acknowledged that this florist "has served gay and lesbian customers in the past for other, non-wedding-related flower orders."
Nevertheless, the court claimed that Stutzman's denial of service specifically for a wedding constituted discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. "We reject Stutzman's proposed distinction between status and conduct fundamentally linked to that status," the unanimous decision declared.
This claim — that a gay wedding is "fundamentally linked to" the status of being attracted to members of the same sex — stretches the truth (do all gay people, or even all straight people, want to get married?), and does not defeat Stutzman's claim that she does not discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation.
Here are the facts: Stutzman served Robert Ingersoll flowers for at least nine years, knowing that they were intended for his gay partner, Curt Freed. The florist only denied Ingersoll flowers specifically for his wedding, on the basis that she considered marriage to be between a man and a woman and that serving his wedding would indicate a public agreement that a ceremony between a man and a man also constituted a wedding.
There is a difference between selling flowers to a person and arranging flowers for that person's event. If the event carried a message fundamentally at odds with the florist's belief — if for instance someone asked a gay florist to arrange flowers for a Westboro Baptist Church event, or a Jewish florist to decorate a neo-Nazi event — denial of that specific service should not fall under public accommodations laws.
There are numerous reasons for this would-be exemption. As Stutzman argued, Americans have basic rights under the First Amendment to the Constitution, including the right to free speech, the right to free expression of religion, and the right to free association.
4 Myths About Religious Freedom
Each of these rights should apply to this situation. Stutzman's being forced to serve a gay wedding constitutes compelled speech that the vows of one man to one man constitute a wedding. She does not believe this, and therefore she should have a free speech right to deny service.
Since the disagreement Stutzman has with homosexual marriage is based on religion, it arguably falls under her right to freely exercise her religion. The freedom of association claim rests on the argument that Stutzman, by serving this public event, would thereby be associating herself with supporters of gay marriage, an association she wishes to avoid.
But the Washington State Supreme Court struck down these notions of freedom protected in the First Amendment.
On the free speech issue, the court ruled that the florist's work did not constitute speech. While Stutzman insisted that her "unique expression" crafted in "petal, leaf, and loam" should be considered speech, the state of Washington and Ingersoll countered that her floral arrangements are one facet of conduct, not speech, that falls into her commercial business.
In discussing whether providing flowers for a gay wedding is "inherently expressive," the court dismissed the florist's freedoms by using a false comparison. "As Stutzman acknowledged at deposition, providing flowers for a wedding between Muslims would not necessarily constitute an endorsement of Islam, nor would providing flowers for an atheist couple endorse atheism," the opinion noted.
This is not a fair argument, however. The religion of the couple does not matter — what makes the event not a wedding in Stutzman's view is that there are two men, not a man and a woman. A better example would be if the court asked Stutzman if she would prepare flowers for a wedding of one man and two women.
The court's argument against the florist's religious freedom claim focused more on the law itself than on the case at hand. The court argued that the Washington Law Against Discrimination (WLAD) is "neutral." Indeed, taken on its merits, the law's prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation does not impede religious freedom. Stutzman is not trying to discriminate on those grounds, so this law arguably does not apply.
In this section, the court responded to the florist's claim that "since other florists were willing to serve Ingersoll, no real harm will come from her refusal." To this, the court said it agreed with Ingersoll and Freed that "this case is no more about access to flowers than civil rights cases in the 1960s were about access to sandwiches."
Again, the problem with this argument is that Stutzman is not discriminating against people based on sexual orientation — she's trying to opt out of a public event celebrating as a wedding something she does not consider a wedding.
'Hacksaw Ridge' Reveals the True Purpose of Religious Freedom
Finally, the court said Stutzman's claim on free association failed, because "she relies exclusively on cases addressing membership in private clubs." The difficulty comes from the uniqueness of the situation — her freedom of association to opt out of a public event celebrating something with which she disagrees has little precedent.
The court admitted that "the United States Supreme Court has even held that states may enforce anti-discrimination laws against certain private organizations, defined by particular goals and ideologies, if the enforcement will not impair the group's ability to pursue those goals and espouse those ideologies." Even so, "the Supreme Court has never held that a commercial enterprise, open to the general public, is an 'expressive association' for purposes of First Amendment protections."
The florist's shop may not count as an "expressive association," but Stutzman should have a right to choose not to associate with gay marriage. Unfortunately, American jurisprudence has not developed the right of association as firmly as the right to free speech or religious freedom, but that does not mean Stutzman's right should be abridged now.
As the Supreme Court declared in West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette (1943), "If there is any fixed star in our constitutional constellation, it is that no official, high or petty, can prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics, nationalism, religion, or other matters of opinion, or force citizens to confess by word or act their faith therein."
This should apply to gay marriage as much as anything else. After the Obergefell v. Hodges decision in 2015, homosexual marriages are legally recognized, but that does not mean that religious Americans have to alter their definitions of marriage in non-legal settings.
Cases like this one do not involve discrimination but the desire to live and operate business by religious convictions. Similar situations arose when the Obama administration tried to force Hobby Lobby and the Catholic charity the Little Sisters of the Poor to pay for abortifacient contraception coverage. Thankfully, the Supreme Court upheld the owners' rights to follow their conscience in business.
Poll: 61 Percent of Americans Oppose Religious Denial of Service to LGBT People
This ruling upholds a February 2015 ruling, wherein Benton County Superior Court Judge Alexander Ekstrom fined Stutzman $1,000 plus $1 in court costs and fees because she had violated the WLAD. The florist entered the business 30 years ago, when her mother bought a flower shop and she started as a delivery person.
In an interview with her law firm, Alliance Defending Freedom, Stutzman explained that "it was a real struggle to decide what to do" when Robert Ingersoll asked her to help at his wedding. "As much as I love Rob, I just couldn't — couldn't be a part of that. If I did Rob's wedding, it would be from my heart, because I think he's a really special person, and I would want to make it really special for him."
"It wasn't something that I flippantly said, 'Oh, I wasn't going to do Rob's wedding because he's gay,'" Stutzman said. As hard as it might be for some people to believe, this really is a serious conviction for her.
The Cato Institute's Ilya Shapiro reported that Stutzman's lawyers announced they will appeal the case to the Supreme Court. Should Neil Gorsuch be confirmed in the interim, there is hope that this florist's rights to religious freedom, free association, and free speech will be vindicated at the highest level. Until then, Americans can only pray for justice.
LGBTI Australians: Churches, Pastors, Bakers Can't Say No to Gay Marriage
https://pjmedia.com/faith/2017/02/16/wash-state-court-violates-florists-religious-freedom-to-opt-out-of-gay-wedding/
Related: 2017, Christianity, civil rights, Free Speech, Religious Liberty


From that distilling hotbed that is the Pacific Northwest, we have another new entry. This one is from Bluewater Distilling in Everett comes with a sustainability focus. A portion of profits go to an environmental organization; the gin itself proudly declares it "organic." It also performed well at the Seattle Gin Society's annual Ginvitational. Halcyon Gin won best Washington gin.
Halcyon Gin begins with juniper, fresh lemon and a hint of cinnamon spice on the nose. Smells smooth, very nice, very gin-like. The taste echoes the nose beautifully. Deceptively smooth for a 92 proof gin.
Further, it's a little earthy and warm first, juniper builds quickly with citrus sweetness hovering just around the edges, never quite overpowering the juniper forward approach. A nice earthiness with angelica and orris root hovers on the edges. Juniper forward, and actually quite smooth the whole way through.
Halcyon's finish is moderate, juniper and citrus. Mild heat, but never burning. Very nicely balanced with a good quality and nice flavor. I'm really enjoying Halcyon Gin.
I really liked Halcyon Gin and tonic. It gave off a nice warm juniper and gin like character that compliments the quinine.
Pulls off the Negroni nicely, with a subtle juniper flavor. Doesn't taste as powerful as other 90+ proof gins in this drink, but it's still quite good. The smoothness and flavor of it cause Halcyon gin to excel in a martini.
I found it hard to find a cocktail that I did not like Halcyon Gin in. Aviation? Beautiful. Corpse Reviver? Southside? Double Check. Where other gins sometimes wilt, or highlight "off" notes, Halcyon excels across the board.
For a long time, if you liked classic gin— it was hard to find an American made an alternative. You had to go with Gordon's, Beefeater, Tanqueray, Boodles or Broker's.
But things have changed in recent years. You now have gins like Chapter One or Halcyon Gin that prove that you can make a good juniper-forward gin in the united states. And even if it doesn't say "London Dry" on the bottle it has every bit of the stereotypical London Dry flavor of the aforementioned names.
In short, this is a gin that I am adding to my personal cabinet.
Never much of a gin fan prior……but woah this stuff converted me. Staggeringly good, and not to be downplaying it as this gin is so good strait(neat if you will) but it will mix with all the normal items and do a capital job of it. Is Bluewater doing an IPO any time soon? If so then count me in. As previously mentioned…HALCYON IS STAGGERLINGLY GOOD GIN!!!!!
We received this as a gift, and love it! The website says $34 price – does that include all of the outrageous WA ST Liquor Taxes? What is the price 'out of the door?


Hurricane and Storm Surge Watches will be issued on Tuesday as the storm is expected to head toward the southeastern US, potentially making landfall, still as a category 4 hurricane, Thursday afternoon or night.
On Sunday, Florence reached sustained winds of at least 74 miles per hour to be classified a hurricane.
This isn't some guy on the internet sounding the alarm, this is our elected officials telling us that an incredibly risky hurricane is on its way, likely to the Carolinas.
According to the 6 a.m. NWS briefing there is an "increasing risk of life threatening impacts, including storm surge and inland flooding".
Next is a different look at the hurricane's projected path. Keep in mind that this map has an interactive component that you can view here.
- Both North and SC are under states of emergency as Hurricane Florence looks to strike the Carolina coast. It was picking up speed over the Atlantic's warm waters, causing concerns about landfall and flooding from heavy rains afterward, possibly late Thursday or Friday.
Earlier Monday, coastal communities in North Carolina ordered evacuations, and SC ordered evacuations for its entire coastline. "They know where to go to stay high and dry and are probably in better shape right now than most of us humans who are scrambling with final preparations. Whipping out store shelves of water and other supplies".
"There is still time to prepare but the window to do so is starting to close", he said.
There have been many years when multiple tropical cyclones develop in succession like a tropical Congo line dancing across the Atlantic Ocean.


A simple but tasty recipe for chicken thigh fillets stuffed with goat cheese and wrapped in bacon. The herbs give a special taste and your kitchen will be filled with beautiful aromas while cooking.
Eating red meat too often is, in general, not recommended for a healthy and balanced diet. On the other hand, we are humans and we have our weaknesses. Anyway, even if I am constantly drooling with the thought of a juicy steak, I try to keep it low and eat red meat once or twice per week.
And you will be right. We live in a society where we cannot control the quality of food we put on our plate. You can taste the difference between chicken you buy in the supermarkets and the one you buy from a butcher in a village who grows his own livestock, lets them run, play and make love in the open fields. There is no comparison!
Limited by the choices modern society offers us, I went to the supermarket, went to the "fresh meat" aisle and bought 6 chicken thighs for the price of a bottle of water in Switzerland (which means, chicken was cheap).
The meal I was preparing was for a Saturday dinner so I thought, what the hell, I will wrap the thighs in some bacon rashers. We only live once (unless you are a cat). I had decided that the filling would be some soft cheese, so goat's cheese was a straight-forward option. I wanted to experiment a bit with the flavours so I added tarragon and fresh thyme.
A simple but tasty recipe for chicken thigh fillets stuffed with goat's cheese and wrapped in bacon. The herbs give a special taste and your kitchen will be filled with beautiful aromas while cooking.
6 skinless chicken thigh fillets.
200 gr (7 oz) goat cheese.
1 garlic clove finely chopped.
A small bunch of fresh thyme.
A small bunch of tarragon finely chopped.
½ cup of extra virgin olive oil.
A pinch of dried oregano.
Place the thighs on top of a sheet of kitchen foil and cover them with a sheet of cling film. Use a heavy-ish object with a flat surface (like a saucepan) and hit the fillets hard a few times so they flatten.
In a bowl, add the cheese, thyme, tarragon and garlic. Season with pepper and mix well to create a homogeneous mix.
Season the chicken fillets with salt and pepper. Add 1 tablespoon (or may be less) of the mixture in each fillet and roll it. Wrap each fillet with a bacon rusher.
Preheat the oven at 180 degrees Celsius (360 F).
Cut the eggplant and zucchinis lengthwise into relatively thick pieces. Add a bit of olive oil on a medium tray. Place the eggplant and zucchini pieces to cover the bottom of the tray. Season with salt and pepper and place the stuffed fillets on top. You may add any remains of the cheese mixture on the tray. Place a tomato slice on top of each fillet. Pour in the rest of the olive oil on top of the chicken and vegetables. Sprinkle some oregano on top.
Bake in the oven for about 45 minutes until chicken starts to get brown.
I made this, and absolutely loved it! I decided against the veggies on the bottom, although I might go for something like potatoes and carrots – but that's just a reflection of my preferences. The chicken and bacon, though, were completely fantastic. Thanks!
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Any Price (193)	 Under $100 (193)
Aers, David (ed.); Finucci, Valeria (ed.); Parker, rant; Brummett, Palmira; Davis, Robert; Vitkus, Danie; Wilson, Bronwen; Clay, Diskin; Kinoshita, Sharon; Jaobs, Jason.
The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, Volume 37, Number 1 (Winter 2007). Special Issue: Mapping the Mediterranean.
Softcover, Durham: Duke University Press, 2007. Very Good with No dust jacket as issued.
Aers, David (ed.); Watson, Nicholas; Bauerschmidt, Frederick Christian; French, Katherine L.; Steinmetz, David C.; Betteridge, Thomas; Badir, Patricia; Bengtson, Jonathan.
The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies (formerly The Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies), Volume 27, Number 2 (Spring 1997). Special Issue: From Medieval Christianities to the Reformation.
Alexander, Michael.
Offbeat in Asia: An Excursion.
Hard Cover, New York: David McKay, 1960. Very Good in Good dust jacket.
Anderson, Perry.
New Left Review, No. 129 (September-October 1981). Britain's Socialist Alternative?
Paperback, London: New Left Review, 1981. Very Good with no dust jacket.
New Left Review, No. 132 (March-April 1982). The End of the Third World?
Softcover, London: New Left Review, 1982. Very Good with no dust jacket.
Annan, Noel Gilroy Annan.
Leslie Stephen: The Godless Victorian.
Hardcover, New York: Random House, 1984. First Printing. Very Good in Fine dust jacket.
Queen Elizabeth. An Anthology.
Hardcover, Ilfracombe, Devon: Arthur H. Stockwell, Ltd., 1953. Good with no dust jacket.
Aslib.
Aslib Proceedings, Volume 2, Number 3 (August 1950). London Meetings, 1949-50.
Ephemera, London: Aslib, 1950. Good with No dust jacket as issued.
Aslib Proceedings, Volume 2, Number 4 (November 1950). Annual Conference, Bristol University, 1950.
Aslib Proceedings, Volume 4, Number 3 (August 1952). London and Branch Meetings, 1952.
Aslib Proceedings, Volume 5 Number 3 (August 1953). Branch and Group Meetings, 1952-3.
Ephemera, London: Aslib, 1953. Fair with No dust jacket as issued.
Austen-Leigh, Jane (ed.).
Persuasions: The Jane Austen Society of America. December 16, 1986, Issue No. 8.
Softcover, Victoria, B.C. Jane Austen Society of North America, 1986. Very Good with no dust jacket.
Baetjer, Katharine.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, Summer 1999 (Vol. LVII, No. 1); British Portraits in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Barnes, Colin.
Cabbage Syndrome: The Social Construction of Dependence.
Hard Cover, London, UK: Falmer Press, 1990. First Edition. Very Good in Very Good dust jacket.
Bedient, Calvin.
Architects of the Self: George Eliot, D. H. Lawrence, and E. M. Forster.
Hard Cover, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972. Good in Good dust jacket.
Blount, Paul G. (ed.); Rhodes, Charlotte W. (ed.); Holloway, John; Miller, J. Hillis; DeLaura, David J.; Friedman, Norman; Wildman, John Hazard; Dunlap, Benjamin; Cline, C. L.; Baylen, Joseph O.
Studies in the Literary Imagination, Vol. VIII (8 Eight) Number 2, Fall 1975: Victorian Prose.
Soft Cover, Atlanta, GA: Georgia State University, 1975. Good with no dust jacket.
Boege, Fred W.
Smollett's Reputation as a Novelist (Princeton Studies in English No. 27).
Hard Cover, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1947. First Edition. Good with no dust jacket.
Bonavia-Hunt, Noel A.
Irons in the Fire: The Bonavia-Hunt Memoirs.
Hardcover, London, UK: Musical Opinion, Ltd., 1959. Second Edition. Good in Fair dust jacket.
Borzello, Frances.
Civilising Caliban: The Misuse of Art, 1875-1980.
Hardcover, London: Routledge Kegan & Paul, 1987. First Edition. Very Good in Very Good dust jacket.
Brears, Peter; Crossley, D. W.; Crawford, I. A.; Walker, Iain C.
Post-Medieval Archaeology: The Journal of the Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology, Volume I (1967).
Softcover, London: Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology, 1968. Very Good with no dust jacket.
Brett, R. L.
Reason and Imagination: A Study of Form and Meaning in Four Poems.
Hardcover, London: Oxford University Press, 1960. Good+ in Good dust jacket.
Brooke, Geoffrey.
Alice and Combined Training: A Tale of Two Horses.
Illustrated by Pamela Seawright. Hardcover, London: Seeley, Service & Company, 1951. Very Good with no dust jacket.
Brophy, Elizabeth Bergen.
Samuel Richardson: The Triumph of Craft.
Hardcover, Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1974. Very Good in Good dust jacket.
Callan, Edward.
Auden: Carnival of Intellect.
Hardcover, New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. First Edition. Very Good in Very Good dust jacket.
Carlyle, Thomas.
On Heroes and Hero-Worship.
Hard Cover, London: Oxford University Press, 1957. Good in Good dust jacket.


BEITBRIDGE - Beitbridge Border Post, immigration officer Tasara Ziyambi has appeared at Beitbridge Magistrates charges with abuse of office after issuing a visa without authority.
Ziyambi was was assigned to process travelers on the exit desk and had no authority to issue visas.
It is alleged that the accused issued a visa to a British national Tionei Godwin Mundangepfupfu on September 15 in his absence contrary to his duty as an officer.
The passport endorsed with the said visa was later used by an imposter Whiskey Munana who has since been arrested and convicted at Harare Magistrates' court under CRB 1166/18.