I love the colors of spring. It was a warm, sunny spring day. We chased gobblers all morning and finally this tom stepped into range. Then we packed up and went home just before the rain set in. What a great way to spend a Saturday.


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'Walt Before Mickey,' depicting Disney's early years, debuts at Downtown Disney
NewsBy arthur August 18, 2015
Thomas Ian Nicholas plays Walt Disney in 'Walt Before Mickey,' filmed in DeLand and Sanford, and debuting Friday, Aug. 14, 2015, at Downtown Disney. (The Dreamer Movie, LLC) LAKE BUENA VISTA — Looking at the magical kingdom he created today, it's hard to imagine Walt Disney really struggled to master the art and business…
Walt Before Mickey Debuts August 14 at AMC Downtown Disney Walt Disney World
A new independent film all about Walt Disney's struggles to break through in animation is debuting at Downtown Disney on August 14 entitled Walt Before Mickey. Shot just a few miles from Walt Disney World in Sanford and DeLand ,Florida stars several familiar faces that you may recognize from their previous work. Thomas Ian Nicholas,…
Florida-made Walt Disney biopic a test for local film producers
As long as I've been a business writer, I've been hearing how important it is for Florida to remain a major player in film production. It's a big business nationally — motion picture and video production tops $80 billion annually, according to a U.S. Census report. Florida certainly gets its share of Hollywood blockbusters, TV…
Before 'Walt Before Mickey' opens in theaters all across America this fall, here are 13 facts you'll want to know before seeing the movie. The theme? Try, try again. Despite what many stories about Walt Disney would have you think, the world-famous animator wasn't an overnight success. He tried and failed and tried again to build…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Showers likely and possibly a thunderstorm. Cloudy, with a temperature falling to around 57 by 5pm. West wind around 10 mph, with gusts as high as 15 mph. Chance of precipitation is 60%. New precipitation amounts between a quarter and half of an inch possible.
A 50 percent chance of showers. Mostly cloudy, with a low around 43. West wind around 10 mph, with gusts as high as 15 mph.
A 40 percent chance of showers. Mostly cloudy, with a high near 58. West wind 10 to 15 mph, with gusts as high as 20 mph.
A 10 percent chance of showers. Mostly sunny, with a high near 83.


text:
Reports & Initiatives
Annual Community Reports
President's Goals and Objectives 2019-20
Statements & Speeches
SFU Mission
Simon Fraser University Secretariat
SFU Organizational Charts
Reporting Departments
Other SFU Locations
Petter's Perspective
Search for Vice-President Academic & Provost
VPA Search Committee Membership
VPA Search Community Consultation
President's Office / Statements & Speeches / President's Statement on U.S. Travel Ban
Andrew Petter, President and Vice-Chancellor
President's Statement on U.S. Travel Ban
The United States government's executive order imposing a 90-day ban on individuals from seven Muslim-majority countries visiting the U.S. has generated fear and anxiety on the part of many members of our community, and has implications that are real and disturbing.
SFU currently has about 450 students, and numerous faculty, staff and visitors from countries affected by the order, which has the potential to disrupt international studies, work placements, competitions, field visits, research partnerships, conference participation, and family relationships.
We must provide comfort and support to these individuals, and do everything in our power to reaffirm our commitments to diversity, equity and inclusion.
Simon Fraser University is proud to be a globally engaged university and to welcome students, faculty, staff, and visitors from around the world. These international members of our SFU community bring a wonderful diversity of knowledge, experiences and perspectives, and make our university a better place for learning and living.
SFU stands ready to support affected students with services ranging from visa advising to personal counselling. If you are in need of help, please do not hesitate to contact International Services for Students; or Health and Counselling Services.
We are also committed to supporting international student mobility, and will do all we can to enable students to participate in programs around the world.
More generally, we at SFU must redouble our efforts to create a welcoming and supportive environment for all members of our community. To this end, I plan to host an event at which we can demonstrate our commitment to these values, and express our appreciation of our international students, faculty, staff, and visitors.
Details of this event will be provided later this week.
President's Goals and Objectives 2019/20
Tragic crash of Ukraine Airlines flight 752
Convocation Address 2019
Surrey and SFU: Building the Future – Together
President's Statement on Respectful Debate at Simon Fraser University
About SFU
University Planning Framework
Former Presidents & Chancellors
Canada V5A 1S6


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El Aeropuerto Municipal de Ocean Shores(Código FAA: W04) es un aeropuerto de uso público perteneciente a la ciudad de Ocean Shores que se ubica a 4 kilómetros al noreste del distrito financiero de Ocean Shores, una ciudad en el Condado de Grays Harbor, Washington, Estados Unidos. Está incluido en el Plan Nacional de Sistemas Aeroportuarios Integrados 2011-2015, en el que está clasificado como una instalación de aviación general.

Instalaciones y aeronaves
El Aeropuerto Municipal de Ocean Shores se encuentra construido en un terreno de 20 hectáreas (49 acres) a una altitud de 15 pies (5 m) sobre el nivel medio del mar. Tiene una pista de aterrizaje de 945 metros de largo y 15 metros de ancho, así como una plataforma de aviación de 8,665 metros cuadrados con 30 posiciones para aeronaves pequeñas. También cuenta con una calle de rodaje paralela a la pista.

Entre mayo de 2010 y mayo del 2011, el aeropuerto tuvo 4.250 operaciones de aviación general, un promedio de 11 por día.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Información sobre W04
Carta de navegación W04

Ocean Shores

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Item type in menu of Applications: "Application" or "Application in Terminal"? I was wondering what is the difference between the two item type in menu of Applications: "Application" and "Application in Terminal"?
What kinds of applications are specified as "Application" and what kinds for "Application in Terminal"?
This question is motivated from my previous one.
Thanks!

A: Application is something with separate UI, for example calculator or GIMP.
Application in Terminal is command line software, that should run inside of terminal emulator. Otherwise you can't interact with it.
Basically, select Applucation for software with graphical user interface and Application in Terminal for command line utilities and scripts.
You can test this with 'top', for example, create shortcut with and without terminal, and you can see the difference.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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It is such a nice day out today. Spring is upon us and the trees are in bloom. This is always a time of renewing of life and freshness in the air so it seems. For me it is bitter-sweet as I lost Enoch May 6th and Josh April 1st. I clearly remember spring as a time full of hope that were dashed. I can remember everything being so full of life and feeling so dead inside. For the longest I went into a depression as soon as the first signs of spring started showing. A few years ago we planted a couple of trees in our front yard in memory of them on Josh's birthday. I had his ashes that I never had done anything with so we had a special time a sprinkled his ashes under each tree for both because I did not have anything for Enoch. Now for the last few years in spring I get to look forward to watching my trees bloom and grow. It is a small thing, but it helps and they are so pretty. I was reminded of this today as I was looking at them and how pretty they are. What things have you done in memory of you baby? Is there anything that helps you? A special place you go to or anything. Many people have stones with their babies names on them here in the Children's Park which is so beautiful and it is a great place to sit and find peace. I am not saying you have to have something somewhere, I have just found that it helped me.


• These Garlands can be used for various occasions based on your requirements.
• They would be apt for small family functions such as house warming, baby showers or engagements.
• These are the right choice for a budget wedding.


text:
Тед В. Микелс (; ) — американский независимый кинематографист: продюсер, режиссёр, актёр, сценарист, оператор, монтажёр. Работал преимущественно над фильмами ужасов категории B.

Биография
Теодор Винсент Микашевич родился 29 апреля 1929 года в городе Сент-Пол (штат Миннесота, США). Отец — эмигрант из Хорватии, работал мясником; мать эмигрировала из Румынии, трудилась фитотерапевтом. Когда мальчик учился в третьем классе, его семья переехала в город Портленд (штат Орегон), где отец занялся фермерством. В это же время семья официально сменила свои фамилии с Микашевич на Микелс. К 15 годам юноша регулярно появлялся на сценах местных небольших театров, активно интересовался фотографией и кинооператорской работой. В 1950-х годах Микелс переехал в город Бенд (штат Орегон), где вступил в театральную труппу Bend Community Players, а также основал собственную кинопроизводственную компанию. Вскоре он начал снимать образовательные документальные фильмы и короткие драматические очерки. В 1955—1958 годах выступил в роли дублёра-каскадёра в трёх кинофильмах, съёмки которых проходили неподалёку.

В начале 1960-х годов Микелс уехал в Калифорнию, где на протяжении примерно трёх десятилетий жил в городе Глендейл в необычном доме, декорированном под за́мок. Очень скоро он стал известен свои весёлым образом жизни (в частности, в его доме всегда одновременно находились 6—8 девушек, которых он «учил, как снимать фильмы, как стать гардеробщицами, гримёрами»); а также с 1963 года начал самостоятельно производить низкобюджетные кинокартины: во многих из них он выступал одновременно и продюсером, и режиссёром, и актёром, и сценаристом, и оператором, и монтажёром. Вскоре Микелс, с помощью известного актёра и продюсера Джона Хаусмана, открыл студийный офис. Он внёс вклад в ряд крупнобюджетных голливудских картин, но всегда на скромных должностях: консультант, ассистент монтажёра и т. п. Поскольку Микелс снимал свои независимые картины, с целью экономии средств, в окрестностях Лас-Вегаса (штат Невада), то в начале 1990-х он переехал жить в этот город. В 1993 году он открыл там студию TVM Studios.

28 августа 2005 года  Лоррейн Хант вручила Микелсу «свидетельство признания» за вклад в киноиндустрию: это было сделано в день премьеры ленты «Сердце мальчика» — единственного его фильма, имеющего рейтинг G.

«Фирменные знаки» Микелса, без которых его мало кто видел — это зуб кабана на шее и усы в форме велосипедного руля.

Тед В. Микелс скончался 16 октября 2016 года в Лас-Вегасе от колоректального рака. Ему было 87 лет, и до последних дней он продолжал заниматься производством фильмов. За свою карьеру Микелс стал продюсером тридцати трёх лент, режиссёром — двадцати шести, сыграл роли в двадцати шести картинах, стал сценаристом к двадцати двум.

Теда В. Микелса пережили 6 детей, 23 внука и внучек, 50 правнуков и правнучек.

Личная жизнь
В 1948 году Микелс женился на девушке по имени Женева Кирш. Позднее (год неизвестен) последовал развод, от брака остались шестеро детей.

Избранная фильмография

Актёр
 1968 —  / The Astro-Zombies — барабанщик в ночном клубе
 1973 —  / Blood Orgy of the She-Devils — охотник на ведьм
 1973 —  / The Doll Squad — охранник
 2004 — Злоумышленник / Malevolence — Рене Кардоза-мл, кинопродюсер

В роли самого себя
 1988 —  / The Incredibly Strange Film Show — в выпуске Ted V. Mikels
 2010 — Американский грайндхаус / American Grindhouse
 2011 —  / Dad Made Dirty Movies

Прочие работы
 1955 — Индейский воин / The Indian Fighter — дублёр-каскадёр
 1957 —  / Oregon Passage — дублёр-каскадёр
 1958 —  / Tonka — дублёр-каскадёр
 1963 —  / Strike Me Deadly — монтажёр, оператор, сценарист, продюсер
 1965 — Оргия мёртвых / Orgy of the Dead — ассистент режиссёра
 1966 —  — оператор
 1966 —  / The Black Klansman — монтажёр, продюсер
 1967 —  / Catalina Caper — оператор
 1968 —  / Girl in Gold Boots — продюсер
 1968 —  / The Astro-Zombies — монтажёр, сценарист, продюсер
 1971 —  / The Corpse Grinders — монтажёр (в т. ч. звука и музыки), сценарист, продюсер
 1972 —  / Children Shouldn't Play with Dead Things — исполнительный продюсер
 1973 —  / Blood Orgy of the She-Devils — монтажёр, сценарист, продюсер
 1973 —  / The Doll Squad — оператор, монтажёр, сценарист, продюсер
 1979 —  / Missile X – Geheimauftrag Neutronenbombe — сценарист, продюсер (англоязычная адаптация)
 1982 —  / The Aftermath — со-продюсер

Примечания

Литература
 Дейл Эшман. Интервью с Тедом В. Микелсом //  (2000) № 32 // стр. 39—46
 Кристофер Уэйн Карри. «Film Alchemy: The Independent Cinema of Ted V. Mikels» (2008) // изд. McFarland & Company // ISBN 9780786432370
 Кевин Скотт Коллиер. «Unmasking the Astro-Zombies» (2016) // изд.  // ISBN 9781540590947
 Кевин Скотт Коллиер. «The Life and Cinema of Ted V. Mikels» (2017) // изд. CreateSpace // ISBN 9781546318743

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт Теда В. Микелса // Архивировано из первоисточника 29 мая 2003
 Дикий Мир Теда В. Микелса
 Тед В. Микелс на Discogs

Киноактёры США
Умершие от колоректального рака


Television Quiz / TWD S7 - Who Survived?
Can you identify which 'The Walking Dead' season seven characters survived (s) or died (d) during the seventh season?
- This is only for the seventh season of TWD. If the character dies later on in the show but survives the seventh season, then count them as 'survived'.


Citrus & Apple Clippers - Professional - Wholesale – Jim's Supply Company, Inc.
Manzana Nules Professional Citrus Clippers are used for harvesting citrus and apples clipper. This model has been designed to prevent leaving long stems on fruits with a sunken stem. Its concave blades adapt to the shape of the fruit without causing any damage to its skin. The curvature of the handles allows for the clipper to penetrate the fruit with the most appropriate angle to proceed with the cutting.
This model also belongs to the new generation of adjustable clippers that enable eliminating the typical play caused by the intensive use.


text:
Sports Editor, Barotseland Post
The Confederation of Independent Football Associations (CONIFA), African region, has unanimously elected Barotseland as its continental President for the rest of the year.
And announcing its election, Royal Barotseland Ambassador-designate, His Excellency Hon Christian Luzongo Kalaluka, who will officially hold the continental CONIFA presidency on behalf of the elephant Kingdom of Royal Barotseland, has said that his tenure will run up to January 2021 when the next Annual General Meeting (AGM) will sit to elect the next president, which Barotseland will still be eligible to contest.
"I was voted unopposed by the Global ExCo (Executive Committee) after being endorsed by all African Member Countries," announced the notably excited Hon Christian Luzongo Kalaluka, who will also be a member of the CONIFA Global Governing Body by being President for Africa.
BAROTSELAND: What does the Confederation of Independent Football Association membership mean?
CONIFA, the Confederation of Independent Football Associations, is the football federation for all associations outside FIFA, with members from all the continents of the world.
Among its North American members is the French-speaking Canadian region of Québec and Cascadia representing the Cascadia region of the US and Canada.
From Europe, CONIFA has members such as Monaco, Western Armenia and Northern Cyprus, among many others, while some of the members from Asia are Tibet, Kurdistan and Western Papua to name but a few.
Hawaii and some Australian first nations form part of the CONIFA membership from Oceania while Mapuche and Rapa Nui are among those drawn from South America.
CONIFA was founded on the 7th of June 2013 and organized its first World Football Cup in June 2014 in Ostersund, Sweden, to support representatives of international football teams from nations, de-facto nations, regions, minority peoples and sports isolated territories share in the joy of playing international football.
Although Barotseland is yet to have a national football squad that would participate in the continental and world tournaments under CONIFA, Barotseland gained its membership in July of 2017.
SPORTS & SELF-DETERMINATION: Catalonia Football team to play in FIFA window for the first time ever, FC Barcelona stars Pique and Xavi to play
Catalonia National football team is this Monday scheduled to feature in FIFA window for the first time ever against Venezuela in a FIFA sanctioned international friendly, the Catalan News has reported. The Catalan men's XI are now preparing for their most important fixture in a decade
And former Spain internationals and FC Barcelona football star Gerard Pique, who stepped down from Spanish national team duty after last year's World Cup, and FC Barcelona football legend, Xavi Hernandez will represent the region in which they were born.
Other familiar names in the squad include Stoke City's Bojan Krkic, Oriol Romeu of Southampton and Marc Bartra of Real Betis.
After 26 months on the sidelines, Catalonia's clash with Venezuela on Monday will be the first match in their history to be held within the official FIFA window for international friendly matches.
Whatever the result in Monday's fixture, the match itself is a major victory for the Catalan Football Federation – whose national teams are not yet recognized by football's global governing body, FIFA, and so cannot qualify for the World Cup or European Championships, despite their ample supply of football talent.
Neymar Jr. completes record breaking move to PSG
It's official! Neymar the superstar signs for PSG from Barcelona for €222 million
The Ligue 1 giants have more than doubled the previous mark for a transfer set by Paul Pogba and Manchester United as they welcome the Brazilian.
Football for Self-determination: UNPO World Cup 17 June 2017
By Sibeta Mundia
UNPO Organises a Successful Football Cup for Unrepresented Nations.
On Saturday 17 June 2017, UNPO organized a football tournament for unrepresented nations in The Hague, the Netherlands.
Barcelona complete greatest comeback in Champions League history
Barca are the first side in Champions League and European Cup history to overturn a four-goal first-leg deficit, after defeating PSG 6-1 on Wednesday.
Barcelona made Champions League history on Wednesday, overcoming a four-goal first-leg deficit against PSG to advance to the quarter-finals.
Luis Enrique's side were the first in Champions League and European Cup history to rally back from four down after the opening match.
TEAM NEWS: MSN to start as Barcelona seek PSG Comeback
The trio will hope to overturn the Catalans' 4-0 first-leg defeat against their Ligue 1 counterparts, Luis Enrique opting for a 3-3-1-3 formation
Lionel Messi, Luis Suarez and Neymar will start for Barcelona as they aim to overturn their Champions League deficit against Paris Saint-Germain at Camp Nou on Wednesday.
'Separatist' flags at matches part of freedom of expression, Barcelona to appeal UEFA fine
European football's governing body, UEFA, fined the Blaugrana (Barcelona) over fans' use of the estelada flag - an unofficial flag typically flown by Catalan separatists to express their support for an independent Catalonia - during the Champions League, but the club will contest the charge.
Barcelona have vowed to appeal UEFA's decision to fine them €150,000 for displaying estelada flags during Champions League matches.
The Spanish champions' fans showed the estelada flags on more than one occasion throughout the 2015-16 campaign.
UEFA, however, considers the banner to be a form of ideological, political and religious propaganda, which is forbidden by European football's governing body, and therefore slapped Barcelona with a fine.
The Camp Nou side feels displaying estelada flags falls under the freedom of expression, though, and are ready to take legal action.
"The club has received notice of the sanction imposed by the UEFA Disciplinary Committee following the display of estelada flags at the Camp Nou at Champions League matches in the 2015-16 season," a statement on the club's official website reads.
"The club has been handed a €150,000 fine, of which €50,000 is suspended if the events are not repeated in the next two years.
"The club will appeal this sanction and will take all legal measures in order for the punishment to be revoked.
"Barcelona consider the punishment to be totally unjust and against the exercise of the freedom of expression." - GOAL.COM
Barotseland Post stands in solidarity with Barcelona, not just because they are the best football club in the world, but also because Catalonia like Barotseland are pushing for the right to exercise their indelible human rights of self-determination and freedom of expression violated by the mother states of Spain and Zambia respectively.


text:
Olga Savka
Russia Sees No Problems with Akhmed Zakayev's Extradition
World » Europe
However, Europe considers him a noble politician, who fights for Chechnya's freedom
The new hearings regarding Akhmed Zakayev's extradition to Russia are to take place on January 31. This decision was made today at a session of Bow Street magistrates' court in central London. ITAR-TASS news agency reported that the session lasted for only several minutes. Zakayev was not present at it.
The request to delay the hearings originated from the British Foreign Ministry. The ministry stated that they did not have enough time to review the documents that were presented by Russia. The British will not be in a hurry. Leading Western media outlets heat up the interest to the trial over the Chechen terrorist, trying to ridicule Moscow's policy. Journalist Cynthia Scharf has recently had her article published in The Wall Street Journal.
In her article the journalist wrote that Russian President Putin did not use the act of terrorism in October as an opportunity to learn a lesson from previous wrong actions. The author of the article believes that Putin is determined to make new mistakes. Miss Scharf wrote that the Russian president is not honest nowadays, forcing Chechen refugees to leave their camps in the republic of Ingushetia. She also wrote that Putin was drawn to intensify so-called scouring procedures that were directly aimed against the Chechen population. The basic idea of that article is as follows: "Chechnya plays the central role for Mr. Putin's political future." She also concluded that the coverage of the Chechen campaign in press was the first priority to Vladimir Putin.
Another influential newspaper, the Guardian, published an interview with British actress Vanessa Redgrave. The actress stated that Akhmed Zakayev, the envoy of the fugitive Chechen president, "is neither a guerrilla, nor a terrorist." She said that he was a humanist, a respectable actor of his country." Zakayev used to play the role of Hamlet. What a philosopher! Redgrave proved that her point of view was not just a performance: she paid 50 thousand pounds sterling for Zakayev's release on bail.
Russia charges Zakayev with murdering at least 302 people, including two priests. RIA Novosti political observer, Vladimir Simonov, said that Zakayev's list of crimes is a lot longer than that. Zakayev is also charged with three incidents of jailing people against their will and several other crimes. If Zakayev believed that an answer to his question was evasive, he would shoot his victim's finger off. Needless to mention that Vanessa Redgrave, who plays the role of Zakayev's conscience in the West, would not like that fingerless hand to be demonstrated. Such "evidence" does not go together with her image of Akhmed Zakayev as a noble, artistic character, who defends the independence of his small, but proud country from the aggression of the Russian imperial ambition.
After London Bow Street magistrates' court exposed its decision, deputy Prosecutor General of Russia, Sergey Fridinsky, announced that the Russian Office of the Prosecutor General expected Zakayev's case to be delayed until the end of January. Fridinsky emphasized that the charges that were brought against Zakayev by the Russian side were too serious according to British laws. Sergey Fridinsky stated that there were no problems with Zakayev's extradition from the point of view of the normative base. There is no agreement between Russia and Great Britain to deliver suspects and criminals to each other. Although, as Fridinsky said, both Russia and Britain "act on the ground of the international convention for delivering criminals."
We would like to remind here that the Russian Federation Office of the Prosecutor General sent the official solicitation for the delivery of the Chechen emissary on December 9th, 2002 – a month ago. Gennady Seleznyov, the speaker of the Russian State Duma, harshly criticized Europe's policy concerning Akhmed Zakayev. He particularly suggested the Europarliament delegation's visit to Russia should be delayed until the end of this month. As Seleznyov wrote in his letter to European Parliament Chairman Pat Cox, it would be an action in return to the decision to issue the so-called passport of freedom to Zakayev. This "passport" acknowledges the terrorist's contribution to the struggle for Chechnya's independence. In addition to that, Seleznyov reminded that the European Parliament passed a resolution on December 19th, which welcomed Copenhagen's decision not to deliver "leading Chechen politician Akhmed Zakayev" to Russia.
Sergey Yugov
Translated by Dmitry Sudakov
Author`s name Olga Savka


text:
San Diego Property Auction in San Diego Yields $3.5 Million Dollars.
San Diego Property Auction sold off more than 60 properties that were owned by delinquent taxpayers.
656 Seacoast Drive in Imperial Beach sold at public auction for $472,000.
San Diego County has auctioned off more than 60 properties that belonged to delinquent taxpayers, raking in nearly $3.5 million, said the tax collector's office on Monday.The purpose of the annual auction, which was held last week, is to recover unpaid property taxes and pay lenders and creditors, said San Diego County Treasurer-Tax Collector Dan McAllister.The parcels belonged to people who hadn't paid their taxes for five years.2008 marked the height of the county's foreclosure crisis. Residential foreclosures peaked July 2008 at more than 2,000 in the county, DataQuick numbers show."We find ourselves in a unique position in the status of the economy," McAllister said. "These are properties, in many cases, that have come to us by way of a down economy."
The amount raised at auction this year reached at least a five-year peak mainly because higher-quality homes and land parcels hit the auction block, McAllister said.
Sales rose nearly 30 percent from last year, from 48 to 62, but the year-over-year increase in money recovered increased 131 percent, from $1.5 million to almost $3.5 million.
Records show the priciest property, a house in Imperial Beach, sold for $472,000. Last year, the most expensive sale was about $425,000, McAllister said. Typical buyers are investors, some of whom flip several properties at a time.
The nearly $3.5 million brought in this year will cover roughly $876,000 in unpaid taxes for the sold parcels, the administrative costs of putting on the auction and payments to any parties who are owed money, including lenders and other creditors.
Unsold parcels may be sold at another time, either online or at a future auction.
Because the foreclosure crisis — which affected homeonwers of all price ranges — stretched beyond 2008, the county may see more higher-quality, delinquent properties coming to auction within the next three years, McAllister said.
But that hinges largely on the state of the economy, he added. If it continues to recover, then more people may be able to catch up on their property-tax payments and fewer properties will be auctioned off.
The next county auction is set for June, when up to 500 delinquent timeshares could be up for sale.


Info on eagle wing tattoos for men.
Precious few tattoo artists can pull off superior portrait work that will not only resembles the niche but is decent artistry too. The important thing thing with a really small tattoo design would be to sustain your design nice and simple. Hence, tattoo designs that have nautical stars are really special to mariners.
If the tattoo is completed, the potential for inflammation is high. So hearth tattoos often demonstrate an individual's romantic side. Not merely the pain sensation, it is also quite discomforting.


> The perf syscall will fail if attr->user_regs is non zero.
> (syscall, irq, exception, or a PMI happening in userspace).
> on top of samples.
> +        * samples. See asm/perf_regs.h for details.
Don't like the name of the field too much. You be more explicit.
kernel. That's not correct on X86 and possibly other architectures.
> +                * PERF_REGS_VERSION_NONE version.
> +        * does not support register dump at all).
Again, how do you deal with 32-bit apps vs. 64-bit kernel?


text:
Using IoT Data to Hack the World
When we think about the Internet of Things, we tend to consider it as a loose collection of nifty tools and neat toys. We think about the smart fridge from Samsung that can mark food for future shopping, or the Wi-Fi enabled wine bottle that keeps wine fresh for 30 days, and allows you to order more with a small touch panel.
The reality, however, is that the Internet of Things is still in its infancy, and harbors an untapped collection of world altering potential. Though the consumer market has "commoditized" the Internet of Things, sectors like manufacturing, transportation, medical, and education are producing amazing results with IoT, and future applications promise even greater returns.
It's estimated that the IoT will produce a staggering 400 Zettabytes of data each year by 2018, and IoT-empowered applications are already enabling everything from energy sustainability, carbon emission reduction, cost savings, to better well-being for the world at large. Accordingly, we're going to take a look at some of these amazing applications of the Internet of Things and the data it generates, as well as some applications currently in development that could fundamentally hack the world, changing how we live (and consume) throughout our daily lives.
Energy Management and Distribution
Population is exploding. There are currently 7.4 Billion people alive today, with the top 3 countries, China, India, and the United States accounting for 2.9 Billion people alone. These three markets are gigantic, and depend heavily on electrical power. The United States is one of the most technologically advanced countries in the world, with China and India rapidly modernizing and opening technological markets to their citizens.
Accordingly, the biggest concern in the coming decades concerning these population numbers is the delivery of energy to these markets, and the pollution that is intimately tied to current power generation and delivery methodologies. While solar, wind, and nuclear energy are becoming bigger and better markets, for the time being, non-renewables still make up the bulk of energy production in the United States, Asian, and European markets.
Management of this energy, effective distribution, and efficient energy usage by the consumer is a huge concern. To achieve these goals, Internet of Things devices are quickly becoming semi-ubiquitous. Research by Gartner suggests that by the end of 2016, 6.4 million things will be connected to the Internet of Things, a trend which will only grow larger over time within energy monitoring.
Leveraging those "things" to manage the electrical draw of the devices we use can be of huge benefit to the electrical grid, and can hugely influence the pollution created by the power production tied to these systems. This is already a market in action. For instance, the Nest system utilizes APIs and the Internet of Things to track energy usage over time, adjusting schedules for better energy consumption and efficiency.
Nest estimates that its thermostat saves consumers 10–12% on their heating costs, and 15% on cooling costs, working out to an average energy savings cost of 13%. Assuming this means a 13% reduction in energy usage, this also equates to a 13% reduction in necessary energy generation for that consumer and a 13% reduction in amount of pollution created for cooling and heating purposes. This works out to a reduction of 13% in your carbon footprint, and when the average home generates 2 tons of CO2 per year for air conditioning, this further equates to a reduction of 520 pounds of CO2 per year per household.
This isn't the end of the line for this technology, though. While Nest does wonders for local power management, entire countries are using APIs to understand energy demand, consumption, and ecological impact. The U.K. National Grid Energy Flow API does just this, utilizing connected microdevices in a sort of ad hoc Internet of Things to better visualize energy distribution.
Active power consumption isn't the only issue that this technology can help solve, either. Phantom power, also called vampire power, is the power used by devices when plugged in, but not actively being used. Using Internet of Things devices to power down connected outlets or power strips in a given schedule could save 9kWh for each Watt of active power used in the United States per year. Though the expected power savings per device per year would only be $1, when multiplied by the amount of devices per home (24) and the number of homes in the United States (124.6 million in 2015), that's a whopping $2.9 Billion dollar potential savings for the US economy.
In time, small smart home Internet of Things devices will be able to turn electronics off when nobody is in the room, adjust temperatures on a room by room basis, charge devices, and cut power when unneeded, further increasing these savings over time.
Related: Green APIs Help Decrease Carbon Emissions and Promote Sustainability
A Needle-Free Diabetes Treatment
For many diabetic patients, the condition itself is not the greatest frustration of daily living — it's the treatment. Once diabetes symptoms are under control, the greatest bulk of suffering and annoyance comes about in the testing of blood sugar, and the constant administration of medication, where needed. Imagine having to poke your finger with a needle every four hours, inject yourself with medication every day, day in and day out, and you'll quickly understand just how painful and frustrating treatment can be.
Accordingly, the holy grail for many diabetic patients is a needless methodology of testing blood glucose levels and tracking these changes in real time. Until now, these levels have been tested using infusion boards that are paired with integrated circuits. These results are then tabulated over time, with treatment adjusted at regular intervals by doctors using pen and paper and outdated medical records systems.
This is about to change, and in a big way. Google's Life Science Team, organized under the Alphabet umbrella, received a patent in 2015 for a contact lense device that can monitor blood glucose in real time, offloading data processing and treatment planning to applications and APIs developed by Google and its partners.
Life Science Team partner John L. Brooks III, former President and CEO of Joslin Diabetes Center, says "Technology, sensors, analytics, and digital solutions will revolutionize how blood sugars are managed, which will deliver improved quality of life, lowering the risk of complications and reducing the costs and barriers associated with diabetes care. Ultimately, I truly hope we're able to turn the Joslin Diabetes Center into a museum."
Leveraging the Internet of Things, patients can have a significant portion of their burden relieved, which ensures not only more accurate, long-term care planning and treatments, but better adherence to those plans through regime simplification.
A recent report from Tractica suggests that this development is actually part of a larger and significant trend in the market. By 2024, biometric technologies and the APIs that drive them are predicted to become a $12.5 billion USD industry.
The effect of this technology and the industry that will spring from it will be massive — according to the World Health Organization, the number of people with diabetes has risen from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014, with diabetes being a major cause of global blindness, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke, and amputation. This application could potentially erase 34 years of rising statistics, setting back the global suffering of diabetes patients to pre–1980's levels.
Continue to Learn How APIs are Streamlining Healthcare
Reducing Enterprise Transportation Pollution
While many of these benefits so far have been local, or at the very least national, the Internet of Things has some pretty huge global considerations when it comes to the enterprise space. Partnerships between tech giants and enterprise-level corporations have a lot to offer in terms of pollution savings.
A great example of this is the partnership between Microsoft and Rolls-Royce. Utilizing the power of the Internet of Things through the Microsoft Azure IoT Suite and the Cortana Intelligence Suite, Microsoft technologies will track flight information, fuel usage, and maintenance records to give Rolls-Royce a more effective methodology of reducing cost and ensuring minimal waste.
Too often commoditized to solely the home space, the IoT will affect many industries
The savings in terms of pollution in this application is simply unimaginable. According to estimates from GSCleanEnergy, on average, a pound of weight on an airplane generates .0002 pounds of carbon emissions. If a plane over fuels by just 500 pounds of fuel (which is likely an understatement, considering a Boeing 747 carries 36,000 gallons of fuel), this is an excess carbon emission generation of 1,697.25 tons of carbon per year (using the simple calculation of (50093,000365)*.0002, where 500 is the fuel weight, 93,000 is the flights per day averaged out over a year, and 365 is the number of days in a year).
And this is only in the flight space. Apply this same technology to shipping via freight train, truck, and ship, and you'll see an ever larger savings over time. Pollution is not the only thing being tackled by IoT technology, either — safety and reduction in cost will hugely benefit as well.
Virgin Atlantic are tapping into the integrated nature of the Internet of Things, tying devices into their fleet to ensure maintenance schedules and flight path configurations. These devices generated over half a terabyte of data per flight, which will be used to improve aircraft efficiency, reduce fuel consumption, reduce cost of replacements by making repairs earlier and thus cheaper, and more. This will lead to a reduction in cost for the airlines and an increase in safety and standards for the passengers.
The Internet of Education
Education is about to fundamentally change, and it's all thanks to the Internet of Things and the APIs that drive them.
According to recent data, 73% of teens have access to smartphones, and nearly 100% of schools have internet access. With so many devices connected to the internet, sharing data between one another, education can, for the first time, realistically move outside of the textbook and worksheet paradigm and into the digital realm, with huge benefits.
First and foremost, digital content delivery can have huge environmental and economic savings. The average US school uses between $30,000 and $50,000 USD of paper every year generating worksheets and using textbooks. That averages out to around 74 trees per school per year. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, there are currently 98,454 school in the United States.
When all data is tabulated, at the most lax calculations, that means the education could save $2.9 Billion USD per year, with an estimated 7.2 Billion trees saved per year. In context, that means 121,427 acres of forest per year could be saved, absorbing an extra 5.8 Million pounds of carbon emissions.
While there would be extra cost (both fiscal and environmental) for the first year to purchase these devices, this cost could be offset by utilizing recycling programs to repurpose old devices and calling upon students to use devices they already own.
This concept is already being implemented in some cities. New York City schools are currently considering buying tablets for their 17,000 public schools — New York City Council Speaker Christine Quinn, when discussing the program, said "We currently spend more than a hundred million dollars a year on textbooks. That's enough money to buy tablets for every student in New York City public schools, and cover staff costs to make sure these online texts are meeting rigorous standards."
While one huge benefit would of course be cost and pollutant savings, that's not the only thing this movement to the digital realm would bring to the table. Leveraging the Internet of Things to deliver data is but a single part of the picture — the data generated by this content would be hugely valuable as well.
Being able to see student successes and failures in simple data form, tabulating them across providers, and then using that data to design more effective curriculum could mean better test scores, literacy, and even teacher performance, which in the long term has benefits that simply cannot be economically or textually represented.
Read more on Education, APIs, and the Changing Face of EdTech
The simple fact is that the Internet of Things is incredibly powerful, and could be used for so much more than monitoring the level of milk in your fridge or tracking packages in a warehouse. These examples demonstrate just how far we can push this technology, but are only the tip of the iceberg.
While some of these calculations are nebulous, the effect is ultimately a net positive when pollution decreases, more trees are allowed to stand, devices are recycled, and the money we already invest is used more effectively.
Simply put — development and implementation of these devices and the APIs that drive them are really the brave new world of API development, and will have long term economic and social benefits that are potentially beyond our wildest dreams.
aircraft, api strategy, carbon, data, device, devices, Diabetes, EdTech, education, efficiency, energy, enterprise, Gartner, hack, healthcare, Internet of Things, IoT, IoT devices, life-hacking, manufacturing, microdevices, Nest, pollution, sectors, technology, things, transportation, Virgin Atlantic, world, world-hacking, Zettabytes
Kristopher is a web developer and author who writes on security and business. He has been writing articles for Nordic APIs since 2015.
Virtual Assistants Harness...
Utilizing Product Hunt to...


text:
Dynamic Cooperation and Moving Towards a Complete Model Of Altruism
While it may be true that the gene is selfish, the organism, a collection of genes, is a different matter. One of the most amazing qualities of the natural world is the ability for cooperation, altruism and selflessness to arise out of a swirling chaos of self-interest. And so, dazzled by this beautiful display, we have set ourselves to work trying to find a an explanation for it all, a kind of theory of altruism that can make sense of the remarkable works of nature. Yet we seem to have been left with a set of theories, each of which seems sound in their own right, yet none of which seem to provide a complete picture on their own. Here are the core scientific theories as things currently stand:
Group-selection – When various groups compete for scarce resources, those that cooperate more effectively are more likely to survive. If the group members have genetics that tend towards altruism or selflessness and reduced internal conflict, their group will thrive, and they will be more likely to survive and pass on their genes. Thus group-selection states that their is a selective evolutionary force for altruistic genes (Wynne-Edwards 1962, 1986). Of course, altruism implies a behaviour that reduces or is at least suboptimal for the fitness of the individual. So, within the group altruistic individuals suffer an evolutionary penalty and logically it seems they would slowly be replaced by free-riders and cheaters, who do not 'hold up their end of the bargain' by behaving altruistically, but who reap the benefits of other's altruism. So, group-selection is offset by an opposite, destructive 'vector' of selfishness. This second vector has often been proposed as a reason why group-selection could not explain altruistic behaviour. Consequently group-selection, after dominating the topic for many years, fell from favour in the 1960s (Maynard-Smith 1964) (Williams 1972).
Group selection, despite institutional resistance, has recently seen a new surge in popularity within the field, however (Wilson, Wilson 2007). This has sometimes occured under a new label of 'multi-level selection', supported by observations that both multi-cellular organisms and complex cells themselves seem to be exercises in cooperation that can be neatly explaining in terms of group-selection. Another variation to group-selection is the theory of group-augmentation (Kokko, Johnstone, Clutton-Brock 2001). This theory states that by acting to promote the welfare of other members of a group, an organism can increase the size of their group, which in-turn makes the group more successful, providing a fitness benefit to the orginal organism. In this way it avoids references to evolution at a group level, by focusing soley on the return-on-investment for the individual. Here we will treat multi-level selection and group-augmentation broadly under the same label as group selection.
Kin-selection – The fall of group-selection saw the rise in prominence of a 'rival' explanation – kin-selection. This theory points out that an organism trying to promote its genes not only has the option of reproducing, but may also further their genetics by promoting the fitness of relatives who likewise share much of the same genetics. If their brothers and sisters survive, for example, they carry on many of the orgnanisms genes even if that organism is unable to reproduce. Thus, genetic tendancies to behaviours, such as kin-altruism, are selected for within the gene pool (Hamilton 1963, 1964) (Maynard-Smith 1964).
Reciprocity – Other theories sought to point out that apparently altruistic acts need not be attempts to actually promote the fitness of the group or other organisms. Instead, organisms with certain altruistic behaviours could actually result in direct fitness benefits within the organism's lifetime, or even in the short-term. Reciprocity was proposed as one of the central ways in which this would occur (Trivers 1971) (Nowak & Sigmund 1998). This theory suggests an organism adopts a set of behaviours centered around the principle of reciprocity, where kindness, cooperation and altruism is returned to organisms that appear to be behaving in the same way. While sometimes this altruism might be exploited and not returned, the benefits would far outweigh the risks whenever two or more reciprocists got together and could enjoy the many fitness benefits of their reciprocal mutual promotion. Thus reciprocal altruism is selected for within the gene pool. Game theory has often been used in arguing for reciprocity, supported by empirical studies that appear to show reciprocity in natural populations of various species.
The social sciences and humanities are eager, sometimes rightly so, to emphasise the significance of social factors on moral decision making. Let us acknowledge their importance here as a complex set of forces interacting with the biology of the organism.
Social factors – In social organisms, and organisms with a brain designed for extended or life-long learning, the environment in which the organism is embedded becomes very important in activating, shaping, repressing, stimulating or even forging anew behaviours, including an organism's patterns of altruism of cooperation. For humans, being evolved to adapt 'on-the-fly', this tendancy is probably stronger than in any other known organism. It implies the importance of factors such as upbringing, family, culture, education, social location, socio-economics and systems of moral reasoning, to name just a few.
Proponents of each of these explanations are keen to emphasise that their particular explanation is central to understanding altruism, and therefore moral behaviour in humans. Yet the arguments proposed are usually questions of emphasis, rather than hard critiques of the validity of other theories. A sensible view, one which is proposed here, is that all these factors act in parallel, particuarly in the case of humans. Each force varies in relevance according to each individual case, explaining the great variability of human morality. In order to understand humanity and morality thoroughly, we should not restrict our thoughts to one single mechanism, but rather envisage a multi-theory model that allows for multiple mechanisms to come into play simultaneously.
It is also well-known that certain factors undermine altruism.
Free-riding – Where an animal can obtain group membership without engaging in altruistic behaviours, it can receive the fitness benefits from other's altruism, without paying the fitness costs of the altruistic behaviour.
Betrayal – Where altruistic behaviours involve a reduction in compeititive defences and a friendly orientation is adopted amongst group members, there may be increased opportunity for fitness gain by directly harming other group members who are less able to respond than non-group members. For example, a bird that secretly eats the eggs of other members of the colony is engaged in betrayal. We might also call this direct-harm strategy "in-group predation".
Consider a model that explains simple aggregate altruism (ignoring situational variance) as a one dimensional function of the above factors. This is not intended as a mathematical model, but rather a conceptual tool by which explains altruism at a brief glance. To begin with, we know altruism is influenced by both nature and nuture, biology and sociology:
Altruistic behaviour =
Evolutionary factors ±
Cultural, social and personal factors
Let us expand on the evolutionary factors:
Evolutionary factors =
Reciprocity (g) +
Kin-selection (g) +
Group-selection and Group-augmentation (g) –
( Free-riding (g) + Betrayal (g) – Dynamic Cooperation (g) )
Naturally many other variables influence each of these factors, however we will present the argument that group size is the most profound of these variables and worth including even in a very generalised model such as this one. Here we indicate that a factor is a function of group size here using "g". We will seek to briefly explain why. We will also seek to introduce the concept of Dynamic Cooperation which serves to reduce free-riding and betrayal.
Naturally social factors are also significant in the overall picture, though we won't attempt to explore them in this paper:
Up-bringing, family, culture, education, social location, socio-economics, systems of moral reasoning etc.
Altruism as a function of group size
As part of this model we consider group size. This is because group size appears to have a profoundly impact in most theories of altruism.
Let us consider the example kin-selection, which is the most marked example of how group-size changes altruism. In a group of one, there is no opportunities for in-group altruism. The behaviours of the organism are a result of their non-group environment. In a group of two, there are a series of opportunities to altruistically assist the other group members. For example, it might be possible to spend additional time searching for food in order to feed an injured or sick group member. Group-selection and reciprocity aside for the moment, we can the organism's genetics receives a fitness gain for this act based on the relatedness of the other organism. As the group size increases, so does the opportunity for the organism to advance it's own through kin-selection. That is, there are more acts of altruism available amongst the subset of choices it is faced with. Whereas perhaps time spent practice fighting was previously the best use of free-time, it might be that now, in a larger group, spending all available spare-time providing altruistic assistance to others is quite a valid strategy.
The overall tendancy, therefore, is that as group size increases, so does the evolutionary incentive for altruistic behaviours and skills (in this case primarily the percentage of time engaged in altruistic acts). A very large group implies a strong kin-selection vector based upon a great variety of altruistic opportunities. Of course, the relationship between group-size and kin-selection forces is not entirely linear, because each new group member is likely to be somewhat less related. However, the greater the group size, the greater the altruistic vector overall. Many species find their group-size is limited by the niche they occupy in the ecosystem and landscape, but for more social creatures, especially for a species like humanity, kin-selection becomes a strong force even discounting close family ties, due to the sheer number of altruistic opportunities available.
We can imagine a similar scenario in the case of reciprocity. That is, as a group becomes larger, there is increasing amounts of opportunties to benefit from reciprocation of altruistic acts. In the case of reciprocation there is probably also a limiting factor requiring intelligence, because the recipient is required to understand the altruistic act and remember who committed it, in order to return the favour at a later time. In a large population this is feasilbly quite a challenge. Humans society is therefore likely to contain a considerable reciprocity vector, whereas eusocial insects may have a reduced potential due to the difficulties fitting sophisticated social memories into a relatively simple neural network.
The difficulties of simple altruism
Critics of all kinds of theories of altruism like to point out, quite rightly, that as the levels of altruism increase, so does free-riding and betrayal. High levels of altruism provide a very strong selective force towards these darker tendancies, because altruistic group members offer easy fitness advantages to the cheaters in comparison to a "honest day's work". This is often described by saying that free-riding and betrayal are opposite vectors to altruism, punishing altruism and pushing in the opposite direction to kin selection, group selection and reciprocity. However, in addition to mirroring altruism, these forces are also magnified by group size further. A larger population offers more opportunties for cheating, and victims and witnesses are less likely to have fore-knowledge of the threat in a large group in comparison to a small one. So free-riding and betrayal is also a function of group size, with solitary creatures have none of this darker evolutionary force, a highly social animals having a lot.
Let us suppose that given there are multiple competing vectors at work here, there is some sort of equilibrium achieved in most species that occupy a stable niche in the environment. Individual organisms will adopt a variety of selfish or altruistic paths, but the species overall can be considered to have a basic level of altruism described by our above model. Given that the cheating behaviours are likely to ramp up so drastically with group-size, some other factor seems necessary to describe the significant levels of altruism we see amongst humanity. Here we wish to propose Dynamic Cooperation as a solution to this difficulty that helps to complete our model.
Dynamic Cooperation is the set of behaviours that mitigate or reduce free-riding and betrayal on a social scale. So, while individual victims of betrayal might be prepared to provide a deterrent or defend themselves, predatory group members are usually well prepared for problems and will specifically act at a moment and place where individual retaliation is difficult. However, where group members exihibit systematic behaviours that prevent cheating they are far more effective and can receive a far greater fitness return in exchange for relatively risk-free and low-cost efforts. We propose three components to Dynamic Cooperation:
1. Detection of cheating – The group will adopt behaviours that are likely to systematically detect free riding and betrayal. For example a group might engage careful peer observation and discussion of behaviours, in order to predict free-riding. Or activities that are vulnerable to betrayal might be carried out in view of the entire group, so that betrayal cannot occur unnoticed.
2. Contingent cooperation – Rather than naively extending cooperation or altruistic acts to all parties, contingent cooperation involves the group coordinating to direct the benefits of altruism towards parties that have not been observed free-riding or betraying. For example they may exclude cheaters from a system that provides food to ill patients. While negative reciprocity only occurs between individuals, contingent cooperation implies a systematic exclusion and is engaged in by uninvolved group members. In the most extreme cases group membership could be revoked entirely. In human society, criminal background checks for employment could be considered contingent cooperation, particularly in cases where it goes beyond what might rationally be a problem for that particular role. Note that contigent cooperation is different from reciprocation – a return on investment for the individual organism is not required.
3. Active deterrence – In addition to more passive harm minimisation, organisms coordinate to actively target free-riding or betrayal and provide deterrence. This involves punishing free-riding and betrayal by causing direct harm to the non-cooperative organism. The criminal justice system is the most obvious example of this in human society.
Of course, for such behaviours to become coordinated actions of the group, individual members require a significant level of cognitive ability. Therefore Dynamic Cooperation is likely to be more prominent in species with certain levels on intelligence. Humans certainly qualify as a good example in this regard. Highly sophisticated examples of Dynamic Cooperation and cheaters' attempts to avoid it are littered throughout history. There is also physical evidence that human motives display characteristics predicted by active deterrence – a strong body of evidence in psychology that shows that endorphins are released when people punish perceived wrong-doing in others, even when they are not the victim. There is also a strong indication that actve deterrence has a significant genetic component (Wallace, Cesarini, Lichtenstein & Johannesson. 2007). It also appears that free-riders and betrayers have tendancies to counter-punish active deterrence should the social opportunity arise, no doubt as part of an ongoing genetic rivalry between the two genetic tendancies (Herrmann, B., Thoni, C., Gachter, S. 2008).
For most who have considered the evolution of altruism, these Dynamic Cooperation behaviours are not neccessarily a new phenomenon, but instead they simply codify well known behaviours into a single theory that fits nicely into the proposed model of altruism. It's a useful concept because reciprocation, group selection and kin selection all benefit from it, and so it is better codified as a separate concept rather than being conflated into one of these three. Dynamic Cooperation is also useful when we consider the altruistic equilibrium in species with very large group sizes, of which humanity is a perfect example. In such cases the vectors in both directions (altruism and selfishness) are larger than in other species, and are a more significant component of the complete set of forces acting upon the evolution of the species. The crux of the matter is this – high levels of altruism simply aren't possible without dynamic cooperation.
Humanity continues to evolve, as does it altruism. Rather than attempt to explain a complex process with a single pet theory, we are better served when we have a pluralistic framework that considers a broad range of mechanisms and then allows space for empirical work to identify the importance of each mechanism in specific scenarios. The model proposed here is one that reminds of many aspects of one of the most profoundly important human traits, and gives us an overview that can inform not only evolutionary biology, but also our thinking in social science, economics, politics and our own moral existence. Our decisions matter, because most people are likely to have both darker and lighter lineages in our inheritence, and genetics are ultimately expressed in the choices we make and the lives we live.
[If you came here from the altruism arc.. click here to return]
References/Bibliography/Further Reading
Group-selection:
Wynne-Edwards, V.C. (1962). Animal Dispersion in Relation to Social Behaviour. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd.
Wynne-Edwards, V. C. (1986) Evolution Through Group Selection, Blackwell. ISBN 0-632-01541-1
Group selection critique:
Williams, G.C. (1972) Adaptation and Natural Selection: A Critique of Some Current Evolutionary Thought. Princeton University Press.ISBN 0-691-02357-3
Maynard Smith, J. (1964). "Group selection and kin selection". Nature 201 (4924): 1145–1147. doi:10.1038/2011145a0.
Kin-selection:
Hamilton, W. D. (1963). "The evolution of altruistic behavior". American Naturalist 97 (896): 354–356. doi:10.1086/497114.
Hamilton, W. D. (1964). "The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior". Journal of Theoretical Biology 7 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4. PMID 5875341.
Smith, J. M. (1964). "Group Selection and Kin Selection". Nature 201 (4924): 1145–1147. doi:10.1038/2011145a0.
Group-augmentation:
Kokko, H.; Johnstone, R. A.; Clutton-Brock, T. H. (2001). "The evolution of cooperative breeding through group augmentation". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 268 (1463): 187–96. doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1349. PMC 1088590. PMID 11209890. edit
Reciprocity:
Trivers, Q. Rev. Biol. 46, 35 (1971). (The Quarterly Review of Biology) (direct reciprocity)
S. Nowak, K. Sigmund, Nature 393, 573 (1998). (reputational reciprocity)
Punishment:
Wallace, Cesarini, Lichtenstein & Johannesson. 2007. Heritability of ultimatum game responder behaviour. PNAS doi/10.1073/pnas.0706642104 (genetic pro social punishment)
Herrmann, B., Thoni, C., Gachter, S. (2008). Antisocial Punishment Across Societies. Science, 319(5868), 1362-1367. DOI: 10.1126/science.1153808 (anti social punishment – attacking good)
Posted in Uncategorized on July 22, 2014 by citizensearth. 1 Comment


text:
No evidence Harry Clarke "ought to have known he was not fit to drive"
This afternoon, Sheriff John Beckett published his determination in the Glasgow bin lorry crash fatal accident inquiry. Judges Scotland have made this shorter summary available. Sheriff Beckett's full conclusions and recommendations can be read here. The determination is a lengthy and careful, and the various parties to the case are already recording their reactions in the media.
There are lessons from a range of institutions here, from the DVLA, to Glasgow City Council, to First Bus, to local authorities more generally. The initial reaction to the determination in the media has, understandably, focused on the Sheriff's eminently justified conclusion that Harry Clarke lied, and lied, and lied, to doctors, to his employers, to the DVLA. This much we knew.
But Sheriff Beckett also has important things to say about the case against Harry Clarke, and the argument that he ought to have been prosecuted for homicide or some other serious offence. I just propose quickly to pick out a couple of details now. This argument has been heard in pubs, around family dinner tables, and in taxi cabs across the country. I've had it myself several times, since the accident took place and the fatal accident inquiry began. Usually, it goes something like this.
But he knew about it. He knew he was sick. Harry Clarke knew he fainted back in 2010. He knew he might pass out again. And what did he do? He lied. He knew he might pass out at the wheel. He knew he could injure people. But I suppose he didn't give a damn. He drove that tank around anyway, putting people's lives at risk, killing six people because of his selfishness and his negligence. If he hadn't lied, he wouldn't have been driving through George Square on that day. Throw the book at him. It is murder. Give him life.
As Sheriff Beckett's determination today makes crystal clear, several of the assumptions made in the popular indictment against Harry Clarke are simply mistaken. About what he knew. About the nature of his medical condition. About the predictability of the attack. About the impact which disclosing his condition would have had on Clarke's heavy goods licence. First, on foreseeability, these are the critical passages:
[371] Whilst account has to be taken of Mr Clarke concealing the events of 7 April 2010, there is no evidence that any doctor told him prior to 22 December 2014 that he had a susceptibility to episodes of neurocardiogenic syncope, let alone a vasovagal syndrome.
[372] Dr Rutherford's opinion might lend some support to this submission, but I did not find his views persuasive where they were in conflict with the cardiologists. The opinions of Professor Rankin and Dr Boon do not offer much support for any suggestion that Mr Clarke ought to have known by this stage that he was not fit to drive for a living. A succession of doctors, including GPs, had not given him any indication on his D4 examinations that he ought not to drive group 2 vehicles.
Short version? On the evidence, Sheriff Beckett concluded that it was not foreseeable to Harry Clarke that he was at ongoing risk of another fainting incident behind the wheel. His relationships with his doctors was characterised by dishonesty and partial and non-disclosure of information. But the idea that Clarke malevolently - or recklessly - disregarded clear medical advice that he was a risk to the public in December 2014 has no basis in evidence whatever.
The second key claim made by those who want the book thrown at Clarke is that "but for his dishonesty, Harry Clarke wouldn't have been driving that day." The assumption here is that the full and honest disclosure of Clarke's condition would have taken him off the road for good. Today's determination discards this claim too, as fundamentally mistaken. Clarke's last fainting episode took place in 2010, nearly five years before the crash of December 2014. The judge concludes today that:
[376] The weight of the evidence suggests that had there been a revocation of 3 or 12 months following April 2010, Mr Clarke's licence would have been returned to him thereafter by DVLA.
[377] With hindsight it may be seen as possible that the spells of dizziness which gave rise to the medical note for 20 September 2013 could have signalled to Mr Clarke that he retained a susceptibility to faint, but there is no direct evidence that he did interpret his symptoms in that way at this time. Professor Rankin would not have viewed the matter in that way, but Dr Boon may well have done. Dizziness had featured in the past, significantly so leading up to 1994, but that was 19 years previously. Mr Clarke was told to stop driving for a few days in 2003 but the impression there is that drops being given to reduce wax in his ears reduced the extent to which he was suffering from dizziness. Dizziness was not mentioned following 7 April 2010.
There is no indication that he was advised in September 2013 that he should not be driving. It is possible that perhaps he would have been given such advice had the full extent of what happened on 7 April 2010 been disclosed by him to his GP, but there is no real foundation for that in the evidence. The significance of 20 September 2013 was not explored in evidence in this way and my findings must be based on the evidence, and reasonable inferences from it, not speculation.
There is blame here, without question. Clarke's dishonesty was disreputable. The turn of events was monstrous. It has caused measureless grief for those involved. More could have been done and should have been done to manage the dreadful might of these heavy vehicles, and the risk to the public that they represent. You can only sympathise with those who have been injured by this case, and empathise with the rage and the grief they feel for the lives that will now go unlived, the laughter unlaughed, for the missing smiles and lost embraces.
Yet there is nothing in today's judgment which causes me to revise my conclusion on the case. Quite the opposite. As I argued in the Times a month ago, the law must do its duty, without fear or favour. It must proceed on the basis of evidence, not of vengeance. When you set aside the understandable anger at this man, when you set aside the many misconceptions which dominated the debate about his culpability, what are you left with? A fraud, yes. A series of minor frauds. And a ghastly accident with tragic consequences. But nothing more.
Labels: DVLA , Fatal Accident Inquiry , Glasgow , Glasgow City Council , Harry Clarke , Sheriff John Beckett
Rolfe 7 December 2015 at 17:04
One problem for some people is that when it is manifestly clear that the criminal justice system in Scotland IS being operated by fear and favour in one (or more) cases, it becomes more difficult to believe that true disinterested impartiality is driving the procedure in other controversial cases.
I'm talking about Lockerbie, and the disgraceful prejudice shown by the Lord Advocate. About the clear agenda throughout the "establishment" legal system to prevent that case coming before a court ever again, by any means necessary. When the legal establishment loses trust in this way, that loss of trust extends throughout the system, whether this is merited or not.
Norman 7 December 2015 at 17:13
In all the chat I've heard and participated in about the Clarke "case" no mention has been made of Lockerbie. Nor should there be in my view.
One wrong thing (if wrong it was) doesn't affect the current issue, unless you have EVIDENCE to the contrary.
I'm talking about the issue of trust in the criminal justice system to operate without fear or favour. When it's manifestly failing to do that in another case, trust is destroyed. Then in cases where the conduct has been entirely impeccable, the consequences my be felt. Nothing operates in a vacuum.
Edwin Moore 7 December 2015 at 19:42
Andrew: 'And a ghastly accident with tragic consequences.' . A favourite theme of Evelyn Waugh's that is - life proceeds as normal and then 'this happened'. - faith may help, but the universe is just as it is.
I know nothing of the refuse dept but the past work culture of Glasgow council in general should perhaps be noted. When I came back to Glasgow and worked there in the 70s as a labourer, much of the work force was ordered on sectarian lines. I was practically nodded in without an interview by a school acquaintance and realised later this was of course because I was known not to be Catholic.
Am sure things improved by the time Mr Clarke worked for the council; but certainly when i was there, the breaking and bending of rules was part of the working life. One manager I know of burned down his depot - he got quietly moved on to anoter part of Glasgow. Another sold all his staff clothing in the pub, I am fairly sure he got promoted. Another made his staff salute a portrait of the Queen.
A tragic story this. As you say, minor frauds can have terrible and unanticipated outcomes.
Alasdair 7 December 2015 at 22:07
Thank you for this identification of key findings in the report and for your comments on them. They are a welcome dose of common sense following the lynch mob mentality attitude shown by the mainstream media since this morning.
This is a tragic story, indeed. Harry Clarke, who is as human and flawed as the rest of us will have to live with the consequences for the rest of his life, as will the families of the victims. The demand for vengeance is a natural one, and, I could not say with confidence that I would have been immune to it. However, it is through tragic events such as these and the way in which we as a community have reflected on them that has enabled a more compassionate and merciful law to evolve. Who amongst us has not, at some time, ranted that the law is an ass? But because some people have been thrown about the ramifications of decisions a better law has come about; not a flawless one, but one that is a bit better in some aspects.
Ali 8 December 2015 at 11:05
If he believed he was safe to drive why did he lie? He lied because he knew that he wouldn't be allowed to drive. Therefore he is culpable for the deaths he caused. The rest is sophistry.
Holebender 8 December 2015 at 14:31
Mr. Clarke was arrested for driving a car without a licence this past September. Even if he didn't know his driving could have serious consequences before last Christmas, he certainly knew it by September 2015.
The fact is he just doesn't seem to understand, or care about, the potential consequences of his actions. Is that a criminal act? Does he have the required mens rea where driving is concerned?
Glasgow bin lorry crash: Family to prosecute Harry Clarke
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-35025408
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♫ One more sleep til Christmas ♫
Do Police Scotland have the right to remain silent...
Mr Trump goes to Strasbourg?
Ian Bell
No vindication here. Only survival.
No evidence Harry Clarke "ought to have known he w...
Kezia Dugdale: no time for a novice?
Gove: human rights "neither reserved nor devolved"...


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Here's an incredible story with a happy ending.
A 22-year-year old woman was driving in Burleson at 6:00 a.m. in January when she took a curve too fast, drove through a ditch, and flipped her car over in a driveway. The driver and my client — who was asleep in the back — had been drinking.
The homeowner, 85-year-old Lindell Marbut, was awakened by the crash. He hobbled outside on his cane and saw the car on fire. The senior citizen rushed into action. He used his cane to break the glass, rescue the driver, and with the help of his caregiver, drag her into his garage.
The two rushed back and saved my client from the flaming car.
Marbut was modest about what he had done. "I just feel like an old man trying to save somebody's life. I'd do it again if I had to." His heroic actions were recognized by Texas Monthly and D Magazine.
Bravo, Mr. Marbut! We all hope we have your courage, strength, and quick thinking when we're that age.
The driver disappeared after the collision. We couldn't get her to respond, let alone admit that she was at fault. The insured driver must cooperate with his or her insurance carrier or the claim can be denied so that presented a serious challenge. We were able to track down her parents and explain the gravity of the situation and that I was going to not only sue their daughter but them for negligently entrusting their vehicle to her. This caused the driver to speak to her company and accept responsibility.
But the driver's company tried to claim that my client was equally at fault for being intoxicated and getting into the vehicle. The fact that she was herself impaired would have easily prevented her from getting any money if she had filed a lawsuit.
This issue was first addressed by the Texas Supreme Court in 1982 in an uninsured motorist benefits case where the wife of the intoxicated driver died. More recently, the Dallas Court of Appeals refused to allow a restaurant to use this argument to defeat a claim against it under the Dram Shop Act which prohibits a restaurant or bar from overserving customers. Juries often assign more than 50% comparative negligence to the passenger who was also drunk.
But I refused to take one penny less than the entire amount available and was about to file suit when I was able to obtain the maximum amount available for my client from the liability company. I also got the entire underinsured motorist policy and personal injury protection benefits paid. And if there had been a restaurant or bar that had over served the driver and the young woman had assets that could be attached, I would have tried to collect more money.
I then slashed my client's substantial medical bills to almost zero. She had suffered serious personal injuries and had her wrist operated on. About five months after being hired, I was able to give her a substantial check which was over two-thirds of the total money available.
I always fight to put as much money as possible in my client's pocket and often reduce medical bills and my own fee and expenses to make sure that this happens.
If you or a loved one has been injured by an intoxicated driver, you should immediately consult with a personal injury lawyer. He can walk you through what is often a complicated legal process and pursue all possible sources of recovery.
Berenson Law has been prosecuting drunk drivers for over 37 years and we understand what you are going through. We are here to fight to get you the compensation you deserve. We demand the entire insurance limits of the intoxicated driver and almost always are able to obtain them, then pursue other insurance policies and sources of recovery. One of my specialties is DWI cases like this one. Well, they are not usually this dramatic!
Please contact us here for your free consultation.