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*Vigenère Cipher - encryption/decryption only, not cryptanalysis
*Baconian cipher and its variants
*Xenocrypt (nore more than one)
*Xenocrypt (no more than one)
*Mathematical Cryptanalysis of the Hill Cipher - either producing a decryption matrix given a 2x2
encryption matrix or computing a decryption matrix given 4 plaintext-ciphertext letter pairs.
Codebusters
This event is an event held in the current season.
Type Nature Of Science
Category Lab
2019 2018 (Trial) 2016 (Trial)
Question Marathon Threads
Codebusters is an event in Division C for the 2019 season and was held as trial event at both the 2016 National Tournament and the 2018 National Tournament. In this event, up to 3 participants must decode encrypted messages, or they may be required to encode messages with certain advanced ciphers. Competitors are not allowed to bring any resources to this event, but can bring a 4 or 5 function calculator - no scientific or graphing calculators allowed.
1 Test Description
1.1 Solving a Caesar Shift cipher
1.2 Mono-alphabetic Substitution
1.2.1 Solving a mono-alphabetic substitution cipher using patterns
1.2.2 Messages with Spaces and a Hint
1.2.3 Messages with Spaces
1.2.4 Messages with Spaces and Spelling Errors
1.2.5 Messages without Spaces
1.2.6 Messages without Spaces or Hints
1.3 Xenocrypt
1.4 Affine Cipher and Modular Arithmetic
1.5 Atbash Cipher
1.6 Hill Cipher
1.7 Vigenère Cipher
1.7.1 Encoding without table
1.8 Running Key Cipher
1.9 Baconian Cipher
1.10 RSA Cipher
1.11 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Cipher from The Adventure of the Dancing Men
2 Test Format
2.1 Question Point Distribution
2.2 Code types that may be used at the Invitational and Regional Competitions
2.3 Code types that may be used at the State and National Competitions
Test Description
The very first cryptogram is timed - when solved, a team member should raise their hand/shout "bingo!"/etc to alert the supervisor. The first question will be an Aristocrat with or without a hint. Teams will receive bonus points depending on their time, but they may make as many attempts as they want to break the code without any penalties. The first cryptogram may also be used as a tiebreaker. The timing bonus will be calculated from the start of the event until the question is answered successfully, or until 10 minutes have elapsed. Teams may still answer the question after 10 minutes; however, the timing bonus is 0. The time bonus for the first question is 4*(600-number of seconds taken). Solutions are given full points only if the solution is an exact match or differs by only one or two letters. Each additional error after the first 2 will result in a deduction of 100 points. These deductions will not exceed the value of question (can not go below 0). Questions with answers as numbers, the answer is either correct or incorrect (no partial points).
Solving a Caesar Shift cipher
One example of a mono-alphabetic substitution is Caesar shift cipher, where each letter is replaced by one shifted by a certain amount. For example, the following table has each letter shifted three positions to the right.
Caesar Shift Example Table
Original Alphabet
Shifted Alphabet (to the right 3)
D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C
From this table, it is clear that each shifted letter is the same as the original letter three spaces from it (A becomes D, B becomes E, etc). Thus, a message like "Science Olympiad is cool" would become "Vflhqfh Robpsldg lv frro" using a Caesar shift of 3. The alphabet can be shifted any number of times. This type of cryptogram can be solved through brute force, by taking a section of the message and writing out all 26 possible shifts below it, upon which the message is easily revealed. For example, try to decode "xhntqd". First, write out the ciphertext. Then, write out the possible shifts below it.
Example Decoding
Decryption Shift
Possible Plaintext
0 xhntqd
1 wgmspc
2 vflrob
3 uekqna
4 tdjpmz
5 scioly
After shifting "xhntqd" five times, the plaintext is revealed to be "scioly", and no further shifts need to be tested.
Mono-alphabetic Substitution
A mono-alphabetic substitution is one where the same plaintext letters are replaced by the same ciphertext letters. Since specific encryption/decryption methods are not mentioned in the rules, a variety of ways will be covered in the following section. Mono-alphabetic ciphers may contain spaces (Aristocrats) or may have spaces removed (Patristocrats). Mono-alphabetic ciphers may use K1, K2, or random alphabets as defined by the ACA.
Solving a mono-alphabetic substitution cipher using patterns
Table of letter frequency in English.
This may be the most common way to solve a cipher on a Code Busters test, because the supervisor may not write that a Caesar cipher etc. was used to encrypt.
First, find the corresponding letter for a few cipher letter by:
Look for words that are only one letter long. These will almost always be A or I, unless the cryptogram is a poem, in which case O may be used. I usually appears at the start of the sentence, while A is usually more common.
Look for repeated blocks of three. The block is often THE: THE is the most common english word, used almost twice as often as the second most common, BE.
Look for frequency of letters. The 12 most frequent letters in the English alphabet are ETAOIN SHRDLU, with E being the most common by a significant margin.
Look for contractions. If an apostrophe is seen in the ciphertext, it can be an easy way to start deciphering using the table below.
Look for double letters. They're often LL, followed in frequency by EE, SS, OO and TT.
Two clues may give different substitution, in which case experimenting may be helpful.
Then, substitute the known letters, and gradually decode more words using the word fragments. Starting with two or three-letter words are often easier, because of the limited possibilities.
'T Won't, Don't, Isn't, Aren't, Weren't, Shouldn't, Couldn't, Didn't, Can't
'S He's, She's, It's, Who's, There's, That's
'D I'd, He'd, She'd, We'd, They'd, You'd
'M I'm
'RE You're, They're, We're
'VE They've, You've, We've
'LL I'll, He'll, She'll, We'll, They'll, It'll, Who'll
Common word patterns include
axx- all or too
abxcx- there (most common) where or these
xabx- that (most common) high or dead
axbcx- which
xyaxby- people
xayybxx- success (abcddxxyxy- succeeded).
Keep in mind less common words may occupy these frequencies. For example xyaxby could be "indian."
Messages with Spaces and a Hint
These cryptograms are similar to those published in 20th century newspapers. These are usually solved using patterns, as described above, with the hint providing additional information to assist the decryption.
Messages with Spaces
These cryptograms are similar to NSA and diplomatic messages, and do not have a hint. These are usually solved using patterns, as described above.
Messages with Spaces and Spelling Errors
These cryptograms are similar to FBI and organized crime messages. These are often solved by patterns, with additional care:
The letter frequencies likely do not change, and can be applied.
THE and many of the most common words are seldom misspelled, unless intentionally. OF may be unintentionally misspelled as UV.
Piecing together words with word fragments may be more difficult. Misspelled words often sound the same as the actual word, which can be used to check the decrypted message.
Messages without Spaces
These cryptograms are similar to NSA and espionage messages, and have a hint. An example is: "UVYNYGUSZYSBZBULAPIAZUACAZZAMLGFALPERAJZNYGUUAFBR". Students are told that the last word is TODAY, and the cipher begins with a three-letter word, followed by a four-letter word.
Begin by writing in TODAY. UVYNYGUSZYSBZBULAPIAZUACAZZAMLGFALPERAJZNYGUTODAY. From this, we can see that U represents T, A represents O, F represents D, B represents A, and R represents Y.
Replace the cipher text with the decrypted letters. TVYNYGTSZYSBZATLOPIOZTOCOZZOMLGDOLPEYOJZNYGTTODAY
The first word is a 3 letter word beginning with T, which we can guess decrypts to THE. Replace Vs with H and Y with E. THENEGTSZESAZATLOPIOZTOCOZZOMLGDOLPEYOJZNEGTTODAY
In this cipher, we can see the phrase "TOCOZZOM". Because of the double Z in the middle, it can be inferred that this decrypts to TOMORROW. Replace Z with R, C with M, and M with W. THENEGTSRESARATLOPIORTOMORROWLGDOLPEYOJRNEGTTODAY.
We can see the letters YOJR. This is probably YOUR. Replace J with U. THENEGTSRESARATLOPIORTOMORROWLGDOLPEYOURNEGTTODAY.
The letters LG after the noun TOMORROW likely decrypt to IS. Replace L with I and G with S. THENESTSRESARATIOPIORTOMORROWISDOIPEYOURNESTTODAY.
NEST probably decrypts to B, as that is the only word that makes sense in this context. THEBESTSRESARATIOPIORTOMORROWISDOIPEYOURBESTTODAY.
At this point, the cipher is able to be solved using common sense. SRESARATIOP likely means PREPARATION. IOR probably means FOR. DOIPE probably means DOING. Thus, the message is THE BEST PREPARATION FOR TOMORROW IS DOING YOUR BEST TODAY.
Messages without Spaces or Hints
These cryptograms are extremely difficult and may not be tested very frequently. In the event that a test does contain one, the best method is using the patterns listed above, especially finding repeated three letter "phrases" or double letters.
Xenocrypt
At the invitational/Regional level, one cryptogram may be in Spanish as a challenge. At the state level, there will be at least one. It may be helpful if one of the partners is fluent in or has a few years of knowledge in Spanish.
For Spanish cryptograms, n and ñ are treated as different letters. However, letters with accents are treated the same as without (a and á are the same). This means that, when working with cryptograms, accent marks do not factor in. Also, ch, ll, and rr are NOT considered distinct letters. Thus, "churro" would have 6 letters: c-h-u-r-r-o. The Spanish alphabet used for cryptograms is as follows:
The frequency table of Spanish letters is as follows, from most to least frequent:
Spanish Letter Frequency Table
E A O S N R I L D T U C M P
14.08% 12.16% 9.20% 7.20% 6.83% 6.41% 5.98% 5.24% 4.67% 4.60% 4.69% 3.87% 3.08% 2.89%
B H Q Y V G F J Z Ñ X K W
1.49% 1.18% 1.11% 1.09% 1.05% 1.00% 0.69% 0.52% 0.47% 0.17% 0.14% 0.11% 0.04%
Spanish cryptograms are often solved with patterns as well, with a few differences:
Look for the two most common letters, instead of the most common letters: E and A have relatively close frequency, and are much higher than the rest.
The most common spanish words are DE, LA, QUE, EL, EN. Since Spanish has far more two-letter words, it is helpful to decrypt them, using the placement of the letter E. QUE is the most common three-letter word, almost twice as common as the next ones.
Decrypting words using word fragments are much more difficult for teams without fluency in Spanish.
Affine Cipher and Modular Arithmetic
The Affine cipher uses an alphabet of size [math]m[/math] with keys [math]a[/math] and [math]b[/math] such that [math]a,b[/math] are integers, and [math]a[/math] and [math]m[/math] are coprime (there is no positive divisor for both of them besides 1). Assuming the alphabet is of size 26, [math]a[/math] can be 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 ,15, 17, 19, 21, 23 and 25. Each letter in the alphabet corresponds to a number from [math]0[/math] to [math]m-1[/math]. The most common correspondence for the English alphabet is shown below.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
The encryption formula for an Affine cipher is:
[math]E(x)=(ax+b)\bmod m.[/math]
In the formula, [math]x[/math] is the corresponding number of plaintext. For example, if encrypting N, [math]x[/math] would be 13. Essentially, numbers are plugged into the formula and the resulting number corresponds to the encrypted letter.
For this example, we encode the message CODEBUSTERS using [math]a=9[/math] and [math]b=42[/math]. To slightly speed up the process, use the fact from modular arithmetic that the function [math]ax+b[/math] does not change if we also take [math]a, b[/math] modulo 26: the function [math]9x+42[/math] is equivalent to the function [math]9x+16[/math] or [math]9x-10[/math].
Affine Cipher Encryption
C O D E B U S T E R S
[math]x[/math]
2 14 3 4 1 20 18 19 4 17 18
[math]9x+42[/math]
60 168 69 78 51 222 204 213 78 195 204
[math](9x+42)\bmod 26[/math]
8 12 17 0 25 14 22 5 0 13 22
I M R A Z O W F A N W
The encrypted message is IMRAZOWFANW.
To decrypt the message given the key, use the decryption formula:
[math]D(x)=a^{-1}(x-b)\bmod 26[/math]
In this case, [math]a^{-1}[/math] is the multiplicative inverse of [math]a[/math] modulo [math]m[/math] ([math]aa^{-1}\bmod m=1[/math]). Because there are only 26 values, one can brute force it to find the value of [math]t[/math] where [math]ta \bmod m=1[/math]. [math]t[/math] represents [math]a^{-1}[/math].
Brute Force Table
[math]t[/math]
[math]9t \bmod 26[/math]
9 18 1 10 19 2 11 20 3 12 21 4 13 22 5 12 14 23 6 15 24 7 16 25 8 17
The table reveals that [math]a^{-1}=3[/math]. Below is a table of [math]a^{-1}[/math] for [math]m=26[/math]:
Inverse Table ([math]m=26[/math])
[math]a[/math]
1 3 5 7 9 11 15 17 19 21 23 25
[math]a^{-1}[/math]
1 9 21 15 3 19 7 23 11 5 17 25
Decrypting then becomes a task of plugging into the formula.
Decryption Table
[math]3(x-42)[/math]
-102 -90 -75 -126 -51 -84 -60 -111 -126 -87 -60
[math]3(x-42) \bmod 26[/math]
Sometimes, some characters are given, which makes decryption much easier. For example, one might be given the ciphertext "CXWZ ZRC OWGW" and told that the first word is "EDIT". Thus, the characters are mapped as:
E (4) C (2)
D(3) X (23)
I (8) W (22)
T (19) Z (25)
Write out two equations using the first two values and the equation [math]Output=ax+b \bmod 26[/math] in order to solve for [math]b[/math].
[math]a\cdot4+b\bmod 26=2[/math]
[math]a\cdot3+b\bmod 26=23[/math]
Cancel out the [math]a[/math] by multiplying to get the same value (same process as solving a system of equations).
[math]12a+3b\bmod 26=6[/math]
[math]12a+4b\bmod 26=92[/math]
Subtract the equations.
[math]b\bmod 26=86[/math]
Take the mod of the right side.
[math]b\bmod 26=8[/math]
Compute the modulus values to see which works. In this case, 8 works. Now, substitute [math]b[/math] into the equation and repeat the process.
[math]a\cdot3+8\bmod 26=23[/math]
[math]a\cdot3\bmod 26=15[/math]
[math]a=5[/math]
Atbash Cipher
The Atbash Cipher is a variant of the affine cipher (see above) in which both a and b equal 25. This results in the alphabet essentially becoming a mirror (A corresponds to Z, B corresponds to Y, C corresponds to X, etc.). Following the affine cipher, the encryption formula would be:
[math]E(x) = (25x + 25)mod 26[/math]
However, observing the mirror like alphabet yields a much simpler equation of:
[math]E(x) = D(x) = 25 - x[/math]
Since the alphabet is like a mirror, encryption is the same as decryption.
Hill Cipher
NOTE: These cryptograms will be matrix based, and only use 2x2 or 3x3 matrices.
The alphabet for the Hill cipher has corresponding numbers as follows:
Hill Cipher Alphabet
Begin by picking a key matrix of either 2x2 or 3x3. These could be a 4 letter word or three 3 letter words. For this example, the key will be WIKI (2x2 matrix). Then, break the message into groups of two. This example will use the message SCIENCE OLYMPIAD, which would be split up into SC IE NC EO LY MP IA DZ. Notice that a Z is added in order to make the last group a group of two. Write the message and the key as matrices.
[math] \begin{pmatrix} W & I \\ K & I \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} S \\ C \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 22 & 8 \\ 10 & 8 \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} 18 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 412 \\ 196 \end{pmatrix}\bmod 26=\begin{pmatrix} 22 \\ 14 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} W \\ O \end{pmatrix}[/math]
In the second step of the above equation, the matrices are multiplied. Although it may seem complicated, matrix multiplication is fairly straightforward.
[math]\begin{pmatrix} A & B \\ C & D \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} E \\ F \end{pmatrix}[/math]
The matrices are multiplied as follows: [math]A[/math] and [math]E[/math] are multiplied, then added to the product of [math]B[/math] and [math]F[/math]. [math]C[/math] and [math]E[/math] are multiplied and added to the product of [math]D[/math] and [math]F[/math]. Thus, the product of the matrices is:
[math]\begin{pmatrix} AE + BF \\ CE + DF \end{pmatrix}[/math]
Matrix multiplication for 3x3 matrices is very similar.
[math]\begin{pmatrix} A & B & C \\ D & E & F \\ G & H & I \\ \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} J & K & L \\ M & N & O \\ P & Q & R \\ \end{pmatrix}[/math]
Just like in a 2x2 matrix, the row of the first matrix is multiplied by the column of the second matrix, giving the following product.
[math]\begin{pmatrix} AJ+BM+CP & AK+BN+CQ & AL+BO+CR \\ DJ+EM+FP & DK+EN+FQ & DL+EO+FR \\ GJ+HM+IP & GK+HN+IQ & GL+HO+IR \\ \end{pmatrix}[/math]
It is important to note that in order to multiply matrices, the number of columns in the first matrix MUST equal the number of rows in the second matrix. The size of the product matrix is the number of rows in the first matrix x the number of columns in the second matrix.
The "mod" operation is also fairly straightforward. Essentially, it finds the remainder after dividing. For example, [math]153 \bmod 26 [/math] is equal to the remainder of [math]153 / 26[/math], which is 23. On a scientific calculator, this is found by dividing the two numbers, subtracting the integer value from the answer, and multiplying the decimals by the number after "mod" (in this case, 26). Therefore, the process would be:
[math]153/26=5.884615385[/math]
[math]5.884615385-5=0.884615385[/math]
[math]0.884615385*26=23[/math]
The rest of the encoding of the message is shown below.
[math] \begin{pmatrix} W & I \\ K & I \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} I \\ E \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 22 & 8 \\ 10 & 8 \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} 8 \\ 4 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 208 \\ 112 \end{pmatrix}\bmod 26=\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 8 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} A \\ I \end{pmatrix}[/math]
[math] \begin{pmatrix} W & I \\ K & I \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} N \\ C \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 22 & 8 \\ 10 & 8 \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} 13 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 302 \\ 146 \end{pmatrix}\bmod 26=\begin{pmatrix} 16 \\ 16 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} Q \\ Q \end{pmatrix}[/math]
[math] \begin{pmatrix} W & I \\ K & I \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} E \\ O \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 22 & 8 \\ 10 & 8 \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ 14 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 200 \\ 152 \end{pmatrix}\bmod 26=\begin{pmatrix} 18 \\ 22 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} S \\ W \end{pmatrix}[/math]
[math] \begin{pmatrix} W & I \\ K & I \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} L \\ Y \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 22 & 8 \\ 10 & 8 \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} 11 \\ 24 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 434 \\ 302 \end{pmatrix}\bmod 26=\begin{pmatrix} 18 \\ 16 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} S \\ Q \end{pmatrix}[/math]
[math] \begin{pmatrix} W & I \\ K & I \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} M \\ P \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 22 & 8 \\ 10 & 8 \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} 12 \\ 15 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 384 \\ 240 \end{pmatrix}\bmod 26=\begin{pmatrix} 20 \\ 6 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} U \\ G \end{pmatrix}[/math]
[math] \begin{pmatrix} W & I \\ K & I \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} I \\ A \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 22 & 8 \\ 10 & 8 \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} 8 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 176 \\ 80 \end{pmatrix}\bmod 26=\begin{pmatrix} 20 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} U \\ C \end{pmatrix}[/math]
[math] \begin{pmatrix} W & I \\ K & I \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} D \\ Z \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 22 & 8 \\ 10 & 8 \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ 25 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 226 \\ 230 \end{pmatrix}\bmod 26=\begin{pmatrix} 18 \\ 22 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} S \\ W \end{pmatrix}[/math]
The encoded message is WOAIQQSWSQUGUCSW.
3x3 matrix encryption works in the same way. This example will encrypt "EDIT THE WIKI" using the key "BEE FLY BUG". First, split up the plaintext into groups of three, which becomes EDI TTH EWI KIZ. Once again, the last group has a Z added to make it a group of three.
[math] \begin{pmatrix} B & E & E \\ F & L & Y \\ B & U & G \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} E \\ D \\ I \\ \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 4 & 4 \\ 5 & 11 & 24 \\ 1 & 20 & 6 \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ 3 \\ 8 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 48 \\ 245 \\ 112 \end{pmatrix}\bmod 26=\begin{pmatrix} 22 \\ 11 \\ 8 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} W \\ L \\ I \end{pmatrix}[/math]
[math] \begin{pmatrix} B & E & E \\ F & L & Y \\ B & U & G \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} T \\ T \\ H \\ \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 4 & 4 \\ 5 & 11 & 24 \\ 1 & 20 & 6 \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} 19 \\ 19 \\ 7 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 123 \\ 472 \\ 441 \end{pmatrix}\bmod 26=\begin{pmatrix} 19 \\ 4 \\ 25 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} T \\ E \\ Z \end{pmatrix}[/math]
[math] \begin{pmatrix} B & E & E \\ F & L & Y \\ B & U & G \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} E \\ W \\ I \\ \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 4 & 4 \\ 5 & 11 & 24 \\ 1 & 20 & 6 \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ 22 \\ 8 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 124 \\ 454 \\ 492 \end{pmatrix}\bmod 26=\begin{pmatrix} 20 \\ 12 \\ 24 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} U \\ M \\ Y \end{pmatrix}[/math]
[math] \begin{pmatrix} B & E & E \\ F & L & Y \\ B & U & G \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} K \\ I \\ Z \\ \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 4 & 4 \\ 5 & 11 & 24 \\ 1 & 20 & 6 \end{pmatrix}*\begin{pmatrix} 10 \\ 8 \\ 25 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 142 \\ 738 \\ 320 \end{pmatrix}\bmod 26=\begin{pmatrix} 12 \\ 10 \\ 8 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} M \\ K \\ I \end{pmatrix}[/math]
The encoded message is WLITEZUMYMKI.
When given 4 corresponding plaintext and ciphertext create two sets of equations and solve them. For example if ABCD plaintext corresponds to DCBA and you have to find the encryption key [math]\begin{pmatrix} A & B \\ C & D \\ \end{pmatrix}[/math] create 2 matrices with AB and CD [math]\begin{pmatrix} 0\\ 1\\ \end{pmatrix}[/math] [math]\begin{pmatrix} 2\\ 3\\ \end{pmatrix}[/math] You get 0A plus 1B = 3 and 0C plus 1D = 2 2A plus 3B = 1 and 2C plus 3D = 0 With 0A plus 1B = 3 times 3 is 0A plus 3B = 9 2A plus 3B = 3 minus (0A plus 3B = 9 2A = -6 mod 26 or 2A=20 A value = 10 Repeat for other values
Vigenère Cipher
The Vigenère cipher, invented by Blaise de Vigenère in the 16th century, is a polyalphabetic cipher. This means that each letter is shifted by a different amount. According to the rules, students will probably be asked to encrypt rather than decrypt Vigenère ciphers. Encrypting is a fairly straightforward procedure.
First, write out the message with the key under it, repeating the key as many times as necessary. An example is shown.
Message with Key
S C I E N C E O L Y M P I A D I S C O O L
S C I O L Y S C I O L Y S C I O L Y S C I
Then, take out the alphabet square, as shown below. This will typically be provided on the test.
Vigenère Alphabet Table
Using the alphabet square, encode the plaintext. The first message letter is S and the first key letter is S, therefore, look at the table to see where row S and column S intersect. It is clear that they intersect at K, so write down K as the first letter of the ciphertext. Repeat this with the rest of the message. Thus, the encrypted text is "KEQSYAW QTMXNACL WD AGQT"
If the key and ciphertext are both given, decoding is also possible. This is done by taking a letter of the key and finding its row, finding the corresponding letter of ciphertext in that row, and seeing what column that letter falls in. The letter in the column is the letter of the plaintext. In the previous example, the first letter is decoded by going to row S and finding K, which is located in column S. Thus, the plaintext letter is S.
Encoding without table
Tables are typically given on the test, but in the event they are not, the following strategy may be more helpful.
Remember or recreate the correspondence between letter and number like in Affine and Hill Cipher, with A being 0 and Z being 25. Then, for each letter, convert the plain text and key to a sequence of numbers, and add the numbers modulo 26. Then, convert the number back to letter.
For example, if we encode the message "SCIENCEOLYMPIADISCOOL" using the key SCIOLY, we get
To decode a message using this method, subtract instead of add the key's corresponding number: The cipher text K with the corresponding key letter S gives plain text [math]10-18=-8\equiv18\pmod{26}\to \text{S}[/math].
Running Key Cipher
The running key cipher is a variant of the Vigenère Cipher. Rather than using a word as a key, a sentence/paragraph is used as the key. Essentially, instead of repeating a word multiple times as the key, a sentence/paragraph constitutes as the key and is used continuously.
Baconian Cipher
The Baconian cipher replaces each letter of the plaintext with a 5 letter combination of 'A' or 'B'. This replacement is a binary form of encoding, in which 'A' may be considered as 0 and 'B' as 1. One variant of the Baconian Cipher uses a 24 letter alphabet with the letters 'I' and 'J' having the same code, as well as 'U' and 'V'.
Baconian Alphabet
aaaaa aaaab aaaba aaabb aabaa aabab aabba aabbb abaaa abaaa abaab ababa ababb abbaa abbab abbba abbbb baaaa baaab baaba baabb baabb babaa babab babba babbb
00000 00001 00010 00011 00100 00101 00110 00111 01000 01000 01001 01010 01011 01100 01101 01110 01111 10000 10001 10010 10011 10011 10100 10101 10110 10111
Another variant of this cipher uses a unique code for each letter (26 letter alphabet).
aaaaa aaaab aaaba aaabb aabaa aabab aabba aabbb abaaa abaab ababa ababb abbaa abbab abbba abbbb baaaa baaab baaba baabb babaa babab babba babbb bbaaa bbaab
Standard numbering systems use a base 10 method of counting (ones place, tens place, hundreds place, etc). What this means is that normally for example 24 = (2*10 + 4*1). The Baconian Cipher uses a base 2 system. The following is an example of base 2 converted to standard base 10: 01001 (base 2) = (0*16 + 1*8 + 0*4 + 0*2 + 1*1) = (1*8 + 1*1) = 9 (base 10). As seen in the chart above, 01001 corresponds to J, which is the 9th letter in the alphabet (assuming A = 0). When the first variant is shown, the numbering system will be off by 1 from J to U and off by 2 from V to Z. For example, 10100 = W, even though 10100 = 20 (base 10) which corresponds to U on the alphabet chart when A = 0.
RSA Cipher
Choose two primes [math]p[/math] and [math]q[/math].
Compute [math]n = pq[/math].
Compute the least common multiple of [math]p-1[/math] and [math]q-1[/math], and call it [math]\lambda(n)[/math].
Choose an integer [math]e[/math] coprime to [math]\lambda(n)[/math].
Compute the inverse [math]d[/math] of [math]e[/math] modulo [math]\lambda(n)[/math].
Now, say that Alice wants to receive from Bob a message. Alice sends Bob her public key (n, e) through a reliable channel. Bob translates his message M to an integer m, and then converts it to ciphertext using [math]c \equiv m^e mod n[/math].
Alice decodes it using [math]m \equiv c^d mod n[/math].
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Cipher from The Adventure of the Dancing Men
While not explicitly stated in the rules, the Dancing Men cipher has appeared in previous tests and possibly may appear as a bonus question in future tests. The Dancing Men cipher is a monoalphabetic substitution cipher with spaces where each letter is represented by a dancing man. A man holding a flag indicates the end of a word. In the story, messages encrypted with this cipher were sent to a woman named Elsie, Sherlock Holmes solved the cipher using that E is the most common letter, and that Elsie's name would likely appear. Since the cipher may be easily decrypted if all the dancing men are memorized, there are a few patterns to help remember them. O and A, R and I, and T and E are flipped. T and E are symmetrical about a vertical axis. N and S have the same legs and right arm. The substitution chart is found below.
Dancing Men Cipher
An example of the Dancing Men cipher is listed below.
contains the message "NOTARIES", which conveniently shows the patterns listed above.
Note: The Dancing Men cipher is not included in 2019 rules. However, it is a common part of tests from past years' trial events.
Test Format
Question Point Distribution
The amount of points each question is worth will be distributed by the following:
An easy question: 100-150 points
A medium question: 200-300 points
A hard question: 350-500 points
A very hard question: 550-700 points
In the case of a tie, select questions predetermined by the event supervisor will serve as a tiebreaker. The tie is broken using the following criteria in this order: score, degree of correctness, and number attempted.
Code types that may be used at the Invitational and Regional Competitions
The Caesar Cipher (shift cipher)
Mono-alphabetic substitution (can use K1, K2, or random alphabets)
Aristocrats with a hint - messages with spaces included, and with a hint
Aristocrats - messages with spaces included, but without a hint
Aristocrats - messages with spaces and hints, but including spelling/grammar errors
Aristocrats - messages with spaces and including spelling/grammar errors but no hints
Patristocrats with a hint - messages with spaces removed, and with a hint
Patristocrats - messages with spaces removed, but without a hint
Affine Cipher - encryption only
Vigenère Cipher - encryption/decryption only, not cryptanalysis
Baconian cipher and its variants
Xenocrypt (no more than one)
Mathematical Cryptanalysis of the Hill Cipher - either producing a decryption matrix given a 2x2
Code types that may be used at the State and National Competitions
All Invitational and Regional code types
The running key cipher
Cryptanalysis of the Vigenère cipher with a 'crib' (a known plaintext attack)
The RSA Cipher
The Hill Cipher - encrypting or decryption with a provided 2x2 or 3x3 matrix.
Xenocrypt - at least one cryptogram will be in spanish
Mathematical Cryptanalysis of the Affine Cipher
Trial event rules
2016 Nationals
2018 trial rules
Cryptogram Workbook (lots of practice problems, 139 pages)
Mono-alphabetic Substitution Cipher Practice
Game-like Cryptogram Practice
Cipher Tools and Practice Tests
North Carolina SO Practice Tests and Keys
Practice Test 1
Practice Test 1 KEY
ALL SPANISH Test
ALL SPANISH Test KEY
Practice Test 10
Practice Test 10 KEY
Past tests can also be found here.
Cipher Solver. Can be used to find common words for specific patters.
2016 National Tournament Trial Events
Division B: Hovercraft · Geocaching · Potions and Poisons | Division C: Code Busters · Mystery Design · Remote Sensing
Retrieved from "https://scioly.org/wiki/index.php?title=Codebusters&oldid=69025"
Lab Event Pages


Greycliff's Chronicles: San Jose Sharks Update - a turn-around for our Team!!
San Jose Sharks Update - a turn-around for our Team!!
The San Jose Sharks are suddenly resembling the team of the season beginnings, winning seven of eight (losing the 8th game in a shoot-out loss to the Dallas Stars). That's 15 out of 16 points. Who couldn't be happy at that? Well, the three players traded prior to the April third deadline for one (or three, so to speak).
The San Jose Sharks acquired winger Raffi Torres from the Phoenix Coyotes for a third-round draft pick in 2013.
The San Jose Sharks acquired defenseman Scott Hannan from the Nashville Predators for a conditional seventh-round draft pick in 2013.
The New York Rangers acquired winger Ryane Clowe from the San Jose Sharks for a second-round draft pick in 2013, a third-round draft pick in 2013 and a conditional second-round draft pick in 2013.
The Pittsburgh Penguins acquired defenseman Douglas Murray from the San Jose Sharks for a second-round pick in 2013 and a conditional second-round pick in 2014.
The New York Rangers acquired winger Brandon Mashinter from the San Jose Sharks for winger Tommy Grant and a conditional seventh-round draft pick in 2014.
Ryane Clowe's first game witht he New York Rangers was incredible. He scored two goals and one assist. Way to go, Ryane! I'll be watching the games to see how you do, just as I do with any Sharks alumni playing on other teams. Sharks players always have a special place in my heart. I wish all of you the best and thank you for the great action and memories.
The team's streak started on March 25th, with a 5-3 win over the Ducks in Anaheim. Next, the Sharks came home for spell, where they faced the Ducks on the 27th: this time shutting the waterfowl 4-0. The following night, Detroit challenged the Sharks, hoping to take advantage of a team supposedly weary from a road stint and the second of back-to-back games. The Sharks came out strong, again beating the opposition AND getting a second shut-out 2-0 (in consecutive nights, no less).
On March 30th, San Jose faces the Coyotes, new Shark Raffi Torres former team, beating Phoenix 3-2. On April 1, the Canucks flew in to try and break the winning streak. They left after losing 3-2. The Wild hoped to be spoilers on April 3rd, only to turn tail, leaving after a 4-2 loss. The Calgary Flames were full of hot air, but the Sharks drowned them out with a 2-1 win on April 5th.
It took the Dallas Stars on April 7th, the final home game at the tank to break the cycle. San Jose lost in a shoot out to Dallas, 4-5. The next game is on Tuesday, April 9th at Columbus.
San Jose (47 points) as of Sunday, April 7th, holds fifth place in the Western Conference overall and third in the Pacific, one point below Los Angeles (48).
Courtesy of the San Jose / NHL listed below are a couple of highlights. The Dan Boyle goal is amazing.


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Cystic Fibrosis and
Trusted evidence.
Informed decisions.
Better health.
Previous news features
In December 2020 we published the first systematic review which includes evidence for the new triple therapies for people with CF over 12 years of age who have at least one copy of the F508del gene variant. In this updated review, Professor Kevin Southern and his author team have assessed and presented the evidence from a total of 19 randomised controlled trials of different corrector therapies which recruited 2959 participants worldwide. Previously presenting evidence from monotherapy and dual therapies, this updated version of the review now includes triple therapies. Three trials of the triple therapy known as Kaftrio™ in the UK (Trikafta™ in North America), and lasting from one to six months, present results for 633 people who took part in the trials. Professor Southern has described this new therapy as "transformative" for those who are eligible, with significant improvements in clinical outcomes, such as lung function and quality of life scores with few accompanying side effects. You can read the full review here and the plain language summary here.
Official opening of our new office
On 11 February 2019 we were delighted to welcome friends old and new to the official opening of our new office, including the Chief Medical Officer for England, Professor Dame Sally Davies and Mr Stephen Briggs. The office has been funded through contributions from the UK CF Trust and the University of Liverpool. We are proud to name it in honour of one of our former editors Dr Sarah Walters OBE who sadly passed away last year. More information about Dr Walters and the event can be read here.
Mr Stephen Briggs (Dr Walters' husband) is pictured here opening the office with Professor Alan Smyth (Co-ordinating Editor), Tracey Remmington and Nikki Jahnke (Managing Editors); with Professor Michael Beresford (Brough Chair, Professor of Child Health at University of Liverpool) and Professor Dame Sally Davies looking on.
Dr Sarah Walters OBE
Mrs Jenny Kelsey, Professor Dame Sally Davies and Mr Stephen Briggs Members of the CFGD Editorial Team and the Children and Families Network Professor Dame Sally Davies, Professor Rosalind Smyth and Professor Deborah Ashby
Airway clearance techniques for cystic fibrosis: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews
In our new overview of airway clearance techniques, we compare six different techniques across six separate Cochrane Reviews and summarise their the effectiveness and safety. Find out why we believe that although the reviews were well-conducted, the contributing trials provided low- or very low-quality evidence here.
Gaps in the evidence for treatment decisions in cystic fibrosis: a systematic review
What do we know and what do we know we don't know about CF treatment? Read this new paper in Thorax.
We have published the latest evidence for CFTR correctors such as lumacftor-ivacaftor (marketed as OrkambiTM) and tezacaftor-ivacaftor (marketed as SymdekoTM) in a new review now available to read here. We have included 13 randomised controlled trials with a total of 2215 people with cystic fibrosis of all ages. The review looks at both monotherapy and combination therapy and presents evidence for clinical benefits as well as potential harms. In this fast-moving field of research, new trials are frequently being published and we intend to update this review regularly to provide the cystic fibrosis population with the latest evidence base.
We have summarised our review in a podcast available here.
We have published an update of our review of hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) for sickle cell disease. The latest version includes six new studies, bringing the total number of included studies to eight (almost 900 participants) lasting up to 30 months.
Professor Kevin Southern has recorded a podcast to accompany our new review 'Ataluren and similar compounds (specific therapies for premature termination codon class I mutations) for cystic fibrosis'. You can listen to the podcast here.
Check out our new podcast about improving knowledge of sickle cell disease and recognising its complications for patients and caregivers. Lead author Monika Asnani summarises the evidence she and her colleagues from the Caribbean Institute for Health Research at the University of the West Indies in Kingston, Jamaica found.
New Group Publication
Check out this new paper in PLOS ONE on the use and reporting of cross-over trials in Cochrane reviews - two of the authors are members of our editorial team.
Congratulations to one of our cystic fibrosis editors, Professor Kevin Southern, who has been awarded a personal chair within the Institute of Translational Medicine at the University of Liverpool.
We will be 20 years old on 01 September 2015!
You can see our Co-ordinating Editor summarise the findings of the updated review on antibioitic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis in his podcast below.
We would like to congratulate oneof our haemoglobinopathy editors, Dr Samir Ballas, Emeritus Professor of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University who was selected as the 2015 recipient of the American Academy of Pain Medicine (AAPM) Patient Advocacy Award. The Patient Advocacy Award recognizes activity of an individual in advocating for appropriate evaluation and treatment of patients suffering from pain. This award was created to honor those healthcare professionals whose deeds reflect their recognition of the importance and impact of the specialty of Pain Medicine. The Academy recognizes only a few individuals for their outstanding contributions to the field of Pain Medicine each year. Dr. Ballas has been a long time advocate for excellent pain management in people with sickle cell disease.
Cochrane CFGD Funding Statement September 2021
Impact on the research agenda
Documents and Policies
Updating policy
Our specialised trials registers
Feedback (Comments and Criticism) policy
Peer reviewer resources
Review Prioritisation
Dissemination policy
Published protocols and reviews
Registered titles
Reviews needed
Join Cochrane
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Our team at Office Solutions 4 U is committed to delivering the highest quality products for you and your clients. Contact us to let us know your specific needs and we will create it under your guidelines and directive.
As a Virtual Assistant, Gina is just wonderful. She responds quickly, takes on the task at hand, and performs the work effortlessly. I am so happy I found her. She knows Top Producer so well and does a multitude of other things for me as well. Thank goodness I found her!


text:
Уѐстпорт (; ) е град в северозападната част на Ирландия, графство Мейо на провинция Конахт. Разположен е по източния бряг на залива Клу. Първите сведения за града датират от 1780 г. Има крайна жп гара по линията Уестпорт-Клеърморис. Известен е със своя музикален фестивал. Футболният отбор на града се казва ФК Уестпорт Юнайтед. Населението му е 5163 жители от преброяването през 2006 г.

Външни препратки
 Уебсайт на града

Градове в Република Ирландия

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With Alzheimer's disease (AD), a person can experience a progressive loss of memory, a decline in cognitive function, behavioral changes, and a loss of ability to carry out daily activities. It is a very costly disease, a frightening one for all involved, and one that takes too large a toll on society.
Drugs to treat it can come with side effects, and are only put into use once AD is diagnosed, which can be long after cognitive decline has started. Many researchers believe that nutrition is extremely important, especially as we age. Certain nutrients have been proven to help prevent AD, as well as slow it down.
Apple juice has been looked at in the past. Preliminary studies in the lab and in mice have found that apple juice could reduce damage to the central nervous system, suppress symptoms of AD, and improve mental performance. A new study has analyzed what happens to actual AD patients who consume apple juice. Can such a simple beverage affect such a complicated illness?
In short, the study found that apple juice could calm the declining moods that are omnipresent in moderate-to-severe AD. In the study, AD patients consumed two four-ounce glasses of apple juice a day for one month. Their caregivers reported the effects. There was no change in the rating of the disease or their day-to-day abilities. But what did change were the behavioral and psychotic symptoms associated with their dementia. There was approximately 27% improvement, mostly in anxiety, agitation and delusion.
Apple juice! While drug treatments can provide temporary reduction in AD symptoms, they're expensive and cannot prevent the ultimate decline in cognitive and behavioral function. That's why researchers considered it important to discover any possible nutritional interventions.
The effect of apple juice was "modest" yet statistically significant. This almost ensures that the beverage will be studied in a larger, well-designed trial. The study also follows up on previous evidence that found that nutritional measures, such as taking vitamins, could even be effective in the late stages of AD.
If AD is a part of your life, now you know that there's an option for a better life found in your supermarket.


15 yrs & 7 pets. Not a single complaint to share.
Posted by piperlu on July 27, 2014. Brought to you by yellowpages.
Posted by bob.larue.12 on July 01, 2012. Brought to you by yellowpages.
Since 1991 the company has been providing Animal Hospital Services, Pets And Other Animal Specialties.
Ringoes Veterinary Clinic is a Veterinarians facility at 554 Route 31 North in Ringoes, NJ.
Posted on April 04, 2014. Brought to you by wellness.


Important speeches, debates, and lectures dating back to the early day of the United States.
Collection of important speeches, debates, and lectures dating back to the early day of the United States.
Click the event name you wish to view.


Can't decide on a cot for the nursery? Well the choice is clear!
Introducing the Vetro Crib, a one-of-a-kind acrylic cot made by Nurseryworks. Nurseryworks originally unveiled their lucite cot design in 2011 and although it went straight to the top of many parents wish-lists, it hasn't been readily available until recently.
I say 'readily available' with some hesitation as the price tag on this spectacular designer piece is US$3950 – I suspect that's out-of-reach for most parents setting up a nursery! Still, for those that can afford it, each entirely acrylic, limited edition Vetro Crib is laser-etched with its own unique number. The Vetro can be adjusted to three different mattress levels and the transparent sides of the cot give parents an unimpeded view of their child, a very handy feature if you want to check on a 'sleeping' baby.
Celebrity-style-seekers may also be interested to note that the Vetro is the choice of expectant parents Kim Kardashian and Kanye West (who are following Beyonce and Jay-Z's lead, given that they chose the same crib for their baby, Blue Ivy, born in 2012).
Team the Vetro Crib with the incredible Vetro Rocker and the Vetro Changer for a complete look.
The Vetro collection is available directly from Nurseryworks which ships internationally by arrangement.


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APAC Announces Peer-to-Peer Mentorship Program
APAC (Adult Performer Advocacy Committee) is proud to announce the launch of their Peer-to-Peer (PTP) Mentorship Program. It aims to provide adult performers with strong, professional one-on-one mentoring relationships to empower them throughout their careers.
"APAC recognizes that there is a wealth of knowledge in the performer community and the mentorship program was developed to be a medium through which that knowledge can be exchanged between experienced and new performers," said APAC President Mia Little. "The APAC Peer-to-Peer (PTP) Mentorship Program was launched to provide new performers with mentors to support navigating the industry."
"This program is designed to provide new performers with supportive one-on-one mentor relationships that will help them throughout their careers," stated APAC Vice President and PTP Mentorship Program founder Riley Reyes. "Many of us have benefitted from the advice and support of our more experienced peers. The APAC PTP program allows new performers to have access to that kind of peer-driven education."
APAC Secretary Siouxsie Q said, "I know that much of what I learned about this business definitely came from my fellow workers. From how to prepare for your first anal scene, to navigating the stigma that comes with this work. My colleagues have been able to teach me what no sex ed class or book ever could, and I'm so happy that APAC is building a program to formalize one of the many ways that sex workers have helped each other survive for centuries."
Mentee applications will be accepted from now until June 15th and can be submitted through the APAC website. Additionally, those interested in becoming a mentor can apply through the site. Peer mentors must have at least two years experience in the adult industry, follow a Code of Conduct as outlined in the APAC PTP Guidebook, and complete a two-hour in-person training.
APAC will be hosting a BBQ on July 1, 2018. It will be the first opportunity for mentors and mentees to meet in a casual setting as part of APAC's larger community-building event. Exact location and time will be sent directly to those participating.
AHF Calls James Deen A Rapist In Recorded Phone Calls With Union Founder Phyllisha Anne #Bribes
APAC: Adult Industry Calls for Immediate Precautionary Production Hold
Porn Mope & Chronic Liar Bobbi Dylan Finally Tells The Truth, Then Lies, Again
"I will fight until i am killed, i will kill until i am killed" Ex-Porn Mope Nick Boner To Society 15
Making Friends With Cal/OSHA & LAPD: Your Union Hard At Work #APAG #IEAU
Aubrey Kate Honored by XBIZ Award Win for 'I Am Aubrey' Movie
Is Nexxxt Level's Marcus London Using A Fake Vax Card?
FSC's New Covid Testing Protocol
Did Jonathan Morgan Buy Lauren Phillips Another Magazine Cover? #Anniversary
Adult Business , Adult Business News , APAC
Siouxsie Q


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Q: Eclipse project wont work after export? This is my first game ever making, so I am pretty new to this and I am sorry if I missed something obvious.
My program works inside of eclipse, but for whatever reason it wont work outside as after export. I export by right-clicking on my project folder, then i click export, java, run-able jar file. I select the "Package required libraries into generated jar file" option.
I put a picture on this post of my package explorer inside of eclipse, in case there is a problem there.
Any help is much appreciated. Thanks!

A: You might need to have the "package required libraries when generating JAR "selected when you exported it as a runnable .jar.

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The CBDistillery is one of the most popular CBD manufacturers today! For good reason, their products are some of the cheapest and highest quality on the market. We give every product of theirs a 5/5! See what other people have to say if you doubt it! Click the reviews button above!
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10th Board Exam Results 2016,12th Class Results State Wise Download
10th and 12th Board Exam Results State Wise Download
This year, all the states of India are soon going to conduct both 10th and 12th Class exams in the months of March and April at various examination centers across the various states in the academic year 2015-16. Those students studying in the respective board will have to write the respective exams in the dates given in their respective date sheets. It is mandatory that all the students have to write the exam and qualify in those exams to promote for their higher studies. The exams for the year 2016 were soon approaching. So, the students should start their preparation for the exams and attend the exams of the respective subjects in the respective dates as given in the time table issued by the respective boards.
State Wise 10th and 12th Board Exams 2016
Name of the Board: Various Boards
Examination Names: 10th and 12th Board Exams 2016
10th Class Board Exams and Results 2016
Every year, various state boards of the country used to conduct the 10th class board exams for their respective board students at respective states. In the same way, all the boards are going to conduct the 10th exams for this year and the date sheets of the 10th or SSC exams of all the states were also released in their official websites. As per it, most probably the 10th board exams will start from March month and will last till April 2016. After the completion of the exams, their respective board will issue the 10th results in their official websites in the tentative dates as given in the below table. So, go through it and stat tuned till that time to check your 10th results 2016.
Details of 10th or SSC or SSLC Board Exam 2016 State Wise
Board Names 10th Board Exams Dates 2016 Tentative 10th Results Dates 2016
CBSE Board March / April 2016 3rd Week of May 2016
NIOS Board March / April 2016 1st week of June
ICSE Board March / April 2016 3rd Week of May 2016
APOSS Board March / April 2016 2nd week of June 2016
RSOS Board March / April 2016 3rd week of June 2016
AP Board March / April 2016 3rd Week of May 2016
Assam Board March / April 2016 3rd Week of May 2016
Bihar Board March / April 2016 1st week of June
Chhattisgarh Board March / April 2016 3rd Week of May
Goa Board March / April 2016 3rd Week of May
Gujarat Board March / April 2016 1st week of June
Haryana Board March / April 2016 1st week of June
HP Board March / April 2016 3rd Week of May
JKBOSE Board March / April 2016 3rd Week May
Jharkhand Board March / April 2016 29th April 2016
Karnataka Board March / April 2016 Second Week of May
Kerala Board March / April 2016 Declared On 20thApril 2016
Madhya pradesh Board March / April 2016 3rd Week of May
Maharashtra Board March / April 2016 1st week of June
Manipur Board March / April 2016 3rd Week of May
Meghalaya Board March / April 2016 3rd Week of May
MBSE Board March / April 2016 Last Week of April
NBSE Board March / April 2016 Last Week of April
Orissa Board March / April 2016 30th April 2016
Punjab Board March / April 2016 1st week of June
Rajashthan Board March / April 2016 1st week of June
Tamil Nadu Board March / April 2016 Last Week of May
Tripura Board March / April 2016 1st week of June
UP Board March / April 2016 1st week of June
Uttarakhand Board March / April 2016 Last Week of May
West Bengal Board March / April 2016 Last Week of May
Telangana Board March / April 2016 Around April 2016
State Wise 12th Board Exams 2016
Annually, all the states of the India will conduct the 12th board exams for all the streams state wise in the months of March to April. This year, all the boards have made necessary preparations for conducting the 12th exams in the streams Science, arts and commerce at various examination centers. The date sheets of the exams were already issued by the respective boards to the respective students in the official websites. So, students are advised to go through it and appear for the exams accordingly. The results of the 12th board exams for all the streams would be issued in the tentative dates as given below. So, students are advised to refer those details and stay tuned with this website or the official websites to get the results as soon as they are releasd.
Details of State Wise 12th or HSC Board Exams 2016
Board Names 12th Board Exam Dates 2016 Tentative 12th Results Dates 2016
CBSE Board March / April 2016 Last Week of May
NIOS Board March / April 2016 Last Week of May
ISC Board March / April 2016 Last Week of May
APOSS Board March / April 2016 Last Week of May
RSOS Board March / April 2016 Last Week of May
AP Board March / April 2016 Last Week of April
Assam Board March / April 2016 3rd Week of May
Bihar Board March / April 2016 3rd Week of May
Chhattisgarh Board March / April 2016 2nd Week of May
Goa Board March / April 2016 2nd Week of May
Gujarat Board March / April 2016 2nd Week of May
Haryana Board March / April 2016 2nd Week of May
HP Board March / April 2016 1st Week of May
JKBOSE Board March / April 2016 3rd Week of May
Jharkhand Board March / April 2016 2nd Week of May
Karnataka Board March / April 2016 1st Week of May
Kerala Board March / April 2016 2nd Week of May
MP Board March / April 2016 3rd Week of May
Maharashtra Board March / April 2016 Last Week of May
Manipur Board March / April 2016 2nd Week of May
Meghalaya Board March / April 2016 1st Week of May
MBSE Board March / April 2016 2nd Week of June
NBSE Board March / April 2016 Last Week of May
Orissa Board March / April 2016 Last Week of May
Punjab Board March / April 2016 2nd Week of May
Rajashthan Board March / April 2016 2nd Week of May
Tamil Nadu Board March / April 2016 2nd Week of May
Uttarakhand Board March / April 2016 1st week of June
West Bangal Board March / April 2016 1st week of June
All the 10th and 12th students of all the states are advised to stay tuned with us, for the updates of the results and we will update the more information from time to time here. We too would provide the direct official links of the respective board results as soon as they are issued in the official websites. So, stay tuned and check your results through this quick method.
Odisha HSC Class 10th result 2016 declared
JKBOSE 10th Class Result 2016 Declared


From the few types I've tried, I've tried that were my friends, or that most of my friends have tried, this is the favorite across the board. It does kind of muck up the flavor of your coil, but I can't neccessarily say that's a bad thing because it's delicious. The flavor is light in your mouth, and is the only kind I ever use anymore.
I excited to try this because I love dessert vapes but always reluctant because a lot of places use too much sweetener but this juice does not disappoint. Just the right amount of flavor, and not too sweet. Love it!
I love this flavor. It's rich, smooth and vanilla-ish. My fav by far!!
Such a great juice. Very smooth and buttery. I will buy this again.
This one was a dud for me. Couldn't really pick up the flavors as in the description. Plus it's harsh on the coils. Tried this a couple years back so I can't be really discriptive with why I don't care for it besides those two things. Give it a shot regardless!
Maybe frosting or icing is what people are expecting, but I wasn't. I was expecting vanilla ice cream cake. This is insanely sweet and even after I emptied it out, it polluted a whole other thank with residual flavor.
Me no likely but that's me. Regardless, I didn't really get ice cream cake. I got ultra sweet vanilla frosting.
I tried this at Vape Bash after talking to Ryan and Jess and I bought it right after my first taste of it. So good! If you could chill it and eat it, it would be one of the best sherberts you could taste. It's definitely going to take a lot for this one to be knocked out of my top 3!


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Kurt Loder Movie Reviews
Movie Reviews: The Martian and The Walk
Matt Damon conquers space, Joseph Gordon-Levitt gets high.
Kurt Loder | 10.2.2015 12:01 AM
(Sony)
The Martian is a movie in which several stars are wasted. But Matt Damon carries every one of his many scenes through sheer force of personality and scrappy determination. As Mark Watney, an astronaut marooned on Mars after his crewmates leave him for dead and head back to Earth, Damon personifies a rare spirit of can-do optimism in the face of what appears to be certain doom. This is in no way your average space epic.
The movie begins with Watney in serious trouble (in which he'll remain for most of the next nearly two and a half hours). While he's pottering about outside the expedition's makeshift home base, a powerful sandstorm moves in and blows him off into the bleak Martian wastes. Regaining consciousness, he finds that his space suit and his body have been pierced by a flyaway antenna. His five fellow astronauts—ordered by faraway NASA to abort their mission, and reluctantly convinced that Watney couldn't have survived the storm—are nowhere to be seen, and his ripped suit is running out of oxygen. What to do? Watney repairs his suit on the spot, then makes his way back to the base and staples up the bloody wound in his side. Now what?
Like the 2011 Andy Weir novel on which it's based, the movie is thick with science palaver. But the flood of technical talk carries us along, because Watney uses understandable (well, fairly understandable) scientific principles to solve his many problems. For example, food—what's to eat? The base is stocked with rations for six people, but they won't last the four years he figures it would take a rescue ship to reach him—if in fact one would ever be sent. Watney is a trained botanist, however, and he finds a way. The solution turns out to be a small store of potatoes, which he plants in a mulch made of human excrement (his own, of course). "Mars will come to fear my botany powers!" he crows into the video log he's keeping.
Meanwhile, farther out in space, Watney's departed team, led by Captain Melissa Lewis (an all-business Jessica Chastain), is well into its 10-month journey home, unaware that Watney is still alive. Down in Washington, though, a NASA communications tech (Mackenzie Davis) has spotted movement on Mars, and realizes it has to be Watney. Apprised of this, NASA chief Teddy Sanders (a dull Jeff Daniels) and his press flack (Kristen Wiig, deprived of any chance to enliven the proceedings) see a PR disaster in the making: "NASA abandons stranded astronaut." Head scientist Chiwetel Ejiofor (solid as always) believes he can save the day. This involves a lot more science talk, also pretty interesting, especially when staff tech nerd Rich Purnell (a lively Donald Glover, of Community) weighs in with some really abstruse suggestions.
Things are more interesting back on Mars, though, where Watney is struggling with an oxygen shortage and creating fire and—his most complex challenge—trying to find a way to establish communication with Earth. ("I'm gonna have to science the shit out of this.") Can he overcome these problems? Who would bet against this guy?
Up until the movie's spectacular conclusion, a sort of space ballet set amid the stars and beautifully photographed by Dariusz Wolski, director Ridley Scott is surprisingly unsuccessful in creating an original vision of Mars—his rendition of the planet's rocky landscape might have been lifted whole from an old John Ford western. There are also too many characters, and too few of them memorable. Damon, though, is funny and tough, and he keeps this sometimes earthbound movie aloft.
It's odd that there's no film footage of Philippe Petit's famous high-wire walk at the New York World Trade Center in 1974. There was a 16mm camera on hand, but somebody screwed up, and so all we have are still photographs of the young Frenchman's 45-minute balancing act on a cable strung between the tops of the 110-story Twin Towers. Now, in The Walk, director Robert Zemeckis finally brings those photos to life, or as close to it as we're likely to get. The movie is a marvel of complex and carefully controlled 3D digital imagery (do see it in IMAX), and as long as Petit is up on that wire, we're transfixed.
Unfortunately, the walk itself doesn't occur until the last third of the movie. Before that, this PG-rated film provides us with slow-rolling prologue of a sort that's almost Disneyesque in its cozy sweetness. The film begins with its star, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, as Petit, addressing us in a faux French accent while standing atop the Statue of Liberty. This excessively cute shot, to which we return throughout the movie, is immediately worrisome, and the actor probably knew it would be. So he digs into the role with staunch commitment, and before long we forget the accent—he's bright and funny and charming, much like the real Petit (who's featured in the flesh in the Oscar-winning 2008 documentary Man on Wire, which tells the same story at considerably shorter length).
We meet Petit in 1973, working as a street performer in Paris—doing magic tricks, juggling, zipping around on a unicycle. We flash back to scenes with his wire-walking mentor, a crusty Czech circus star called Papa Rudy (Ben Kingsley, deploying an accent from a country of his own devising). When Philippe spots a magazine story about the near-completed World Trade Center, he's immediately inspired—one day he weel conquer zose towers! In a hyper-Parisian plaza he meets a street-singing art student named Annie (Charlotte Le Bon), and in a rush of wine and candles and rivulets of rain running picturesquely down a café window, they fall in love. He recruits her to join him in staging his big stunt, and before long has drawn in other "accomplices," among them a school teacher who's afraid of heights (César Domboy) and, in New York when he arrives, a bilingual shop clerk (James Badge Dale) and an elaborately mustachioed insurance agent who happens to work on a high floor in one of the towers (Steve Valentine).
The immediate run-up to the main event—the illicit reconnaissance of the towers, the infiltration of equipment, the rigging of the cable—is tensely engrossing, although if you've seen Man on Wire, you'll learn nothing new here. The movie doesn't really take wing until Petit steps out on that wire, with all of downtown New York sprawling far below him. The vibrant detail in which the city has been digitally rendered is thrilling in itself, and the seamlessness with which the live action has been incorporated—with Petit kneeling on the wire midway, then lying down on it, then making it all the way to the opposite tower and then turning around and doing it again, and again—makes this recreated feat as breathtaking as those long-ago photos suggest that it actually was.
NEXT: Obama Talks Earnestly of Simple Laws that Could Have Prevented Oregon Shooting, Names None
Kurt Loder is a New York writer who also hosts the SiriusXM interview show True Stories.
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A Local's Guide to Rome, Italy.... By The Way
My favorite question is being what I really do in Rome- where I really go and what I really love. And as a travel writer, I can tell you that there is no bigger compliment than being asked to write about her neighborhood. You can imagine how flattered I was when Washington Post as me to be a contributor to WaPo's new travel platform By The Way. For my Rome guide (yep, it's all mine and all about me) I share the places I hang out- where everyone body knows my name, my dog and even my kids. Next time you are in Rome, stop by anyone of these places and look around- you'll probably catch me.
All photos by Ginevra Sammartino
Rome is beautiful chaos and contradictions, and this should absolutely be expected from a city whose thousands of years of history and personalities have formed its pulsating present. You first get a hint of its noncommittal nature while driving into the city from the airport, passing fields with roaming sheep. The highway flows into an austere neighborhood designed in the 1930s, where every building was intended to be a monument. And then the chaos begins: Congested neighborhoods snake up the Tiber River leading to the centro storico (historic center), where Baroque palaces and churches fight with ancient monuments for a little elbow room.
There is no patience, and there shouldn't be. This is Rome, where anything goes. The energy can be overwhelming. Keep walking around; eventually, you'll realize that Rome is not quite as big as you thought — geographically and socially. Everyone knows everyone. If you visit the same places and piazzas a few times, you'll find that they know you, too.
Photo by Erica Firpo.
Monti is the perfect mix of busy bars, great restaurants, trendy stores and some of the most recognizable historic sites. This is where you'll find cool, chic and even quirky boutique hotels and some of Rome's best Airbnbs. Don't expect brand names, but don't worry about it. Find this neighborhood.
Villa Borghese, specifically, is the city's prettiest park and sits quietly between the historic center and Parioli, a residential neighborhood. The few hotels lining its perimeter have panoramic views and hidden pools. It's just close enough to the center to feel in the know and just far away enough to be a breath of fresh air. Find this neighborhood.
Nobody nurses their morning caffe. Drink it fast, and then go.
The word "piacere" (or "pleased" to meet you, pronounced pee-ah-CHAIR-ray) and a smile go a long way.
Once you sit down at a restaurant (and unless told otherwise), the table is yours for the rest of the evening. Basta.
(Rome illustrators Blend Studio for The Washington Post)
Roscioli Caffe
After they cornered the market on pizza and bread at Antico Forno bakery for four generations, the Roscioli brothers opened a neighborhood coffee bar and pastry shop, which, despite little standing room, never fails to please locals. Along with spectacular coffee drinks (hot ones come in heated cups), the pastries are divine. Many are old-school, hard-to-find Roman dolci. If you don't do sweet, the selection of salati (savory sandwiches) is big and creative. Go for the thinly sliced pastrami on homemade cornetto and the club sandwich with an over-easy egg.
BTW: Come before 9 a.m. to get a place at the counter. The back table is bookable, too.
Rome finally has a little hygge, thanks to pastry chef Sofie Wochner and her partner, Domenico Cortese. The simple micro-bakery and restaurant may be one of the first sweet-and-savory brunch venues in the city. Guests come from around Rome for Wochner's confections, including cinnamon twists, as well as homemade butter (made from kefir) and rye bread. Cortese, the mastermind behind dinner and lunch, makes daily sandwiches that are chef's choice, with mustard aioli and Wochner's sourdough.
BTW: Marigold doesn't take reservations on the weekends.
Mercato Testaccio
This local market's 100-plus vendors (produce, cheese, meat, fish, specialty foods, housewares) make it a great community hangout. Lunch standouts include fresh pasta of the day at Le Mani in Pasta (Box 58), vegan burgers and tacos at Sano (Box 3), mini pizzas at Da Artenio (Box 90) and fried delicacies at Mastro Papone (Box 96). In other words, every kind of eater can dine here all afternoon.
BTW: Bring cash, and if you are really hungry, head straight to sandwich shop Mordì e Vai (Box 15) before the nonni beat you there.
Supplizio
The kind of hole-in-the-wall you'd walk by without giving it a second look. But stop: The small Supplizio is chef Arcangelo Dandini's full-service incarnation of Rome's staple fried fast food, the suppli, (deep-fried rice balls filled with mozzarella, tomato sauce and chicken giblets). Dandini's are award-winning, and here he introduces different interpretations, from classico to carbonara, and cacio pepe (yes, your favorite Roman pasta, fried).
BTW: Beyond rice balls, Dandini's lineup includes polpette al mio garum (fried anchovy balls) and the fave dessert, crema fritta (fried cream custard).
Luciano Cucina
Luciano Cucina is a next-generation trattoria, thanks to chef Luciano Monosilio. He's known as the King of Carbonara, a title he rightfully deserves since elevating the typical Roman dish to Michelin-star status. The restaurant, with an absolutely-not-rustic, very contemporary design, features an exposed pasta lab and open kitchen and a menu with his award-winning (and must-try) carbonara and other traditional favorites. But the fun is in his creative Contemporanee (contemporary) and Ripiene (stuffed) pasta dishes: fettuccella ajo, ojo e bottarga di muggine — his version of pasta sauteed with garlic, pepper and olive oil and topped with cured fish roe.
BTW: Contrary to what you'd think, reserve no earlier than 9 p.m. It's when Luciano gets lively.
Seu Pizza Illuminati
Seu Pizza is the precise opposite of a typical Roman pizzeria: stylish, with mod furniture and art pieces, and the feel of an art gallery. But you're here for the pizza. Daniele Seu, the pizzaiolo (pizza-maker), is a dough magician whose thicker impasto and crusts will quickly obliterate any recollection of thin-crusted Roman-style pizza. (It is that good.) His menu is anchored with classics, but it's Seu's occasionally mind-bogglingly delicious creations — like the Gamberita, raw red shrimp atop buffalo mozzarella — that keep people coming back.
BTW: Choose a bunch of pizzas to share, and ask the waiter to serve them in the chef's preferred order.
Photo by The Jerry Thomas Project.
Jerry Thomas Speakeasy
Although Jerry Thomas may no longer be a secret, it is still the choice of the late-evening-cocktail crowd. The bar is immaculately styled in 1920s retro, tiny and limited to reservations. (Call in the late afternoons.) Created as a hangout for restaurant-industry professionals, Jerry's bartenders are colleagues and friends who make expert cocktails and personal creations. Bonus points: The team rolls deep in female bartenders who are innovating the mixology arena.
BTW: An ideal spot if you don't want to be seen.
L'Angolo Divino
L'Angolo Divino is the enoteca (wine bar) of your dreams: a rustic corner spot with low lighting, lots of great labels and an owner, Massimo, who has something to say about every single bottle. The wine list includes the usual suspects (yes, you can try a Super Tuscan, Amarone or Barolo), as well as unexpected bubbles, natural wines and hard-to-find producers. The list may be heavy on Italians, but international wines are represented.
BTW: Ask Massimo about his favorite Lazio wines. A world of conversation and tasting will start, and you may make a friend for life.
Bike the Appia Antica
Loving Rome means getting out of the city, so we're lucky the Romans built amazing streets crossing the country. The oldest and longest is the Via Appia Antica, and you need to travel only a tiny stretch to feel like you're in the country. From just before exiting the ancient walls to, heading southeast, the edge of the Parco Appia Antica, most of the road is still original basalt stone and is one of the prettiest bike rides the city has to offer. The ride is lined with ancient monuments, tombs and Roman pines along fields of green. Expect to pass flocks of meandering sheep.
BTW: You can rent bikes at Appia Antica Caffe, a fine starting point, and have a great home-cooked meal there.
Galleria Nazionale
Where Italy's national collection of modern and contemporary art is held. A walk through the neoclassical building is a visual lesson in Italian art as told via magnificent paintings, sculptures and videos by era-defining artists like Canova, Modigliani, Manzoni, Clemente and Penoni. The collection also includes non-Italians, such as Twombly and LeWitt. Their order is not chronological (either confusing — or fun).
BTW: The best location for art selfies, especially because La Galleria is the last place anyone ever visits.
MURo and street art in Quadraro
For art history in the making, take a 25-minute drive southeast. Quadraro, a small enclave embedded between ancient history — aqueducts, Roman villas, case popolari (1930s low-income housing) — and Cinecittà is the city's first outdoor museum dedicated to urban art (Museo Urbano di Roma, a.k.a. MURo). Walk around, and you'll come face to face with murals by artists including Gary Baseman (his gray-toned piece is a nice starting point), Diavu, Alice Pasquini, Ron English and more.
BTW: MURo (founded by Diavu) offers artist-led tours of the neighborhood in Italian, English, Spanish and French.
Artisanal Cornucopia
Artisanal Cornucopia is part salon, part gallery and part concept boutique — a cornucopia of fabulous clothing, shoes, accessories and art pieces. Owner Elif Sallorenzo's collection covers the entire gamut of social opportunities, from cuddling in front of the TV and beach days to dinner parties and weddings. She loves craftsmanship and selects pieces from both emerging designers and coveted creators, including Aquazzura (Edgardo is a good friend), Giulia Barela, Misela and Segni di Gi. And she likes things that are 100 percent made in Italy, so expect to find one-of-a-kind handbags by Benedetta Bruzziches and more.
BTW: If Elif is in, talk to her. She knows everyone and every place.
Villa Doria Pamphilj
The largest landscaped park in Rome, Villa Pamphilj is a favorite afternoon hangout and workout area. If you want to run, bike, play volleyball, soccer or informally TRX out in the open, this is where you want to be. It's open until 9 p.m. in the warmest months.
BTW: Back in the day, Moammar Gaddafi, the longtime ruler of Libya, loved its beautiful, bucolic vibe so much that he set up camp here with his entourage.
Villa Farnesina is probably the best-kept art secret in Rome. The two-level stand-alone villa was originally a vacation home for one of the pope's financiers who had the foresight to invest in architect Baldassarre Peruzzi and his friend, the up-and-coming artist Raffaele Sanzio, a.k.a. Raphael. The entire ground-floor fresco cycles are painted by Raphael, while the first-level frescoes are by Renaissance greats Il Sodoma and Sebastiano del Piombo.
BTW: Most days, the museum is quiet, and you'll have Raphael's masterpiece Galatea fresco all to yourself.
LET'S GO TO ROME
My Local Guide to Rome's Flaminio Neighborhood
Eat Like a Chef: Pier Daniele Seu, Rome
{Podcast} Rome's King of Carbonara Luciano Monosilio
Trattoria V.2: 4 New Rome Restaurants Turning the Tables
Interview with Classical Archaeologist Darius Arya
Uncorked: Natural Wines and Where to Find Them in Rome
5 Places To See Contemporary Art In Rome
{ART}Sarah Sze recycles Time at Crypta Balbi
A Secret New Hotel in the Center of Everything Great in Rome
Categories: Rome, Italy, Art, Design, Fashion, Food, Restaurants, Travel Tags: Rome, Italy, Travel, Washington Post, By The Way, fasthion, fashion, shoppping, restaurants
June 24, 2019 by Erica Firpo
Perfect Fit: Cool Blue Jeans Found in Amsterdam {Shopping}
Amsterdam's denim appreciation fair, Denim Days. Photo courtesy of Denim Days.
Who knew that Amsterdam was a hub for denim aficionados? Erica Firpo, Fathom's Rome-based contributing editor, shopped hard (and happily) for the blues. Fathom May 2018.
AMSTERDAM — I am going to be honest. In all these years in Europe, including the requisite study abroad months of debauchery, I never experienced Amsterdam. Nope, I never met up with all my college friends for a long and deliberately forgotten weekend, and sorry, Professor Minott, I never bought a ticket just to see my coveted Dutch Masters. For some reason, I am missing the genes that drive one to The Netherland's naughtiest city which almost everyone whose adolescence pre-dates Weeds and legal dispensaries has.
Maybe I don't have the genes. But I did get the jeans.
Design vibes at Hotel Pulitzer. Photo courtesy of Pulitzer Hotel.
Backstory: It's late November and my friend Sarah decides it's about time I see the Night's Watch in person. She also needs to top up her CBD oil supply. We decide to go Dutch, splitting the trip down the middle, including our king-sized bed at Hotel Pulitzer, the most stylish labyrinth I've ever seen.
The canal-side Pulitzer is like a very cool Escher painting, a composite of 25 townhouses restored to show off their glorious 17th and 18th century architecture. (And yes, the original family was related to the prize-giving family). You get the vibe as soon as you walk in: the Pulitzer is saucy. Dark indigos and an open lobby area stretch to a garden and more canal houses, with gorgeous design furniture and clever contemporary art inspired by Dutch masterpieces. Ground level, there's the gorgeous, Scandi-chic restaurant Janz and very sexy Pulitzer bar. The Extraordinary suites are hot, in particular, the music collector's suite which has a wall of wacky 1970s, '80s and '90s record covers, but we climb our way through a wooden stairwell to a canal-facing suite on the top level of one of the original townhouses. Cyclists pass below, it's raining, and I could leave it at that — but we have plans.
Da Straatjes shopfronts. Photo by Erica Firpo
It's good to have plans in Amsterdam, and even better to forget about them, which we learn as soon as we start walking around the city. Amsterdam is like an organized Venice, neighborhoods around canals and canals around neighborhoods. The Da Straatjes (the 9 streets) easily becomes our neighborhood, and we only leave it for the Rijksmuseum and Boerejongens. The 9s is a busy area, packed with strident bicyclists, unaware tourists, school children, and residents. Design shops, vintage shops, and food shops are tucked away on cobblestoned streets. Sarah and I decide we're coming back to upgrade our lives (and I do just a month later). We want cool, Dutch designs in our homes from the amazing furniture to the Cool Club playing cards. We want to be styled by any of Amsterdam's designers, from Dutch streetwear to Netherlands minimalism. We want cat socks and personalized perfume. But more than anything, I want to be decked out in denim.
Amsterdam is one-third of the denim city triumvirate, along with Tokyo and Los Angeles. Beautifully curated denim boutiques are everywhere. So many labels are born and headquartered here; the city hosts Amsterdam Denim Days, a jeans-centric fair, and Amsterdam is home to the world's first Jean School. Jean-lovers, bookmark this Denim map by Amsterdam Denim for where to find the best of the best in Amsterdam.
Scandi-style means denim-on-denim. Photo courtesy of Denim Days.
Aside from the jeans, my other favorite finds in Amsterdam:
Athenaeum Boekhanel, not in the 9s, but that doesn't matter. This is could be the best magazine shop in Europe. Hundreds of publications from standard newsstand fare to those gorgeously-produced and hard-to-find 'zines.
Mendo, the ultimate art/coffee table book shop with every single beautiful art book you have ever coveted: Taschen SUMOs, Phaidon food books, limited editions, everything. Apparently, you can order the entire library of books in one click on their website, no questions asked. I can't even fathom that possibility.
Coffee-table books to bring Amsterdam vibes home. Photo courtesy of Mendo.
Cowboys2catwalk for Acne Studios, Comme des Garçons, Lemaire. Yes, it's high-end fashion but it's all about the selection.
Frozen Fountain, an Amsterdam-townhouse stripped down and filled with design furniture, knickknacks, games. All are incredibly stylish.
Lekker, eye candy for cyclists. Retro-inspired luxury two wheelers and plenty of accessories.
Rain Couture, because it rains a lot in Amsterdam. No surprise that the inventive Dutch have made good-looking, well-priced rain coats for all seasons, of course.
Bar Centraal (not even remotely near the 9s). My friend Sarah is a natural wine fanatic, and she should be because she's a sommelier who organizes wine adventures (among other things) in Georgia and Rome. Bar Centraal was the only place we could not miss — a tiny local bistro bar, the menu is modern Dutch tapas with lots of great natural wines.
For a better versed Amsterdam, the peripatetic Frankie Thompson narrows down her home base in a series of city-centric articles on her site As the Bird Flies.
Let's get out of Italy
How to Spend A Weekend in Monte Carlo
Back to Los Angeles {Photos}
Shore Thing: Hamburg's latest luxury The Fontenany
The Best Way To Spend Two Days In Naples, Florida
Why We Are Going to Amsterdam This Spring
5 Lisbon Hotels We Can't Wait To Visit
Weekender: The Best Way To See Sintra In Two Days
Weekender: Lisbon
SLO down in California's Central Coast
Categories: Amsterdam, Elsewhere, hotel, Out of Italy, Travel, Fathom Tags: hotel pulitzer, amsterdam, netherlands, fashion, travel, denim
June 6, 2018 by Erica Firpo
Fashion Find: Gucci Garden, Florence
This Store Rejects Labels
Gucci Garden by Florence's Palazzo della Signoria. Courtesy of Gucci.
This article originally appeared in American Way Magazine, April 2018.
Gucci transforms a palazzo into a multifaceted retail fantasy
Gucci has fun blurring the lines between fashion, food, history and art with its latest enterprise, Gucci Garden. The space, which recently opened in the 14th-century Palazzo della Mercanzia in Florence, explores the Italian brand's past and future, and rocks a trattoria with a menu by three-Michelin-star chef Massimo Bottura (pictured right).
While an on-site boutique sells items only available at the Gucci Garden, creative director Alessandro Michele insists the project is less about creating a retail environment and more about dreaming up a fantasy world— with the Gucci brand at its center. "The Garden is real," he says, "but it belongs above all to the mind."
Read the April issue of American Way magazine here.
Boutique. Courtesy of Gucci.
Massimo Bottura's Gucci Osteria. Courtesy of Gucci.
Artist Jayde Fish's whimsical murals. Courtesy of Gucci.
Did I mention there is a cinema? Courtesy of Gucci.
READ ME MORE FLORENCE
To Florence, With Love
13 Best Things to Do in Florence
How to Train Your Wine Palate
J.K. Place Hotel Will Make Everyone Fall More in Love with Florence
The Florence Experiment: Contemporary Art Slides Through The Renaissance Town
Florence's Hotel Savoy Reopens with an Gorgeous New Pucci-Designed Lobby
There's Something About Florence
5 Places For An Unforgettable Aperitivo
Typecast: Stazione Santa Maria Novella, Firenze
Categories: Florence, Italy, Fashion, Michelin, Restaurants Tags: florence, gucci, #guccigarden, American Way, massimobottura, massimo bottura, restaurants, fashion, italy
April 6, 2018 by Erica Firpo


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European Committee for the Prevention of Torture
and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT)
About the CPT
CPT Members
CPT Secretariat
Standards and tools
HELP online course on CPT standards
HUDOC CPT database
Conferences and other events
CPT/
Council of Europe anti-torture Committee visits the Russian Federation
A delegation of the Council of Europe's Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) carried out an ad hoc visit to the Russian Federation from 24 November to 1 December 2014.
The main objective of the visit was to review the situation of prisoners serving a life sentence, in particular the regime and security measures applied to them. To that end, the CPT's delegation visited two penitentiary establishments where life-sentenced prisoners are held: Colony No. 6 in Sol-Iletsk (Orenburg Region) and Colony No. 2 in Solikamsk (Perm Region).
In addition, in Moscow City, the delegation went to SIZO (pre-trial establishment) No. 2 ("Lefortovo"), SIZO No. 5 and SIZO No. 6, where it carried out individual interviews, inter alia, with certain Ukrainian nationals remanded in custody on charges of planning terrorist attacks in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine, or of murder of Russian nationals in eastern Ukraine.
At the end of the visit, the delegation presented its preliminary observations to the Russian authorities. On that occasion, it held consultations with Alu ALKHANOV and Maxim TRAVNIKOV, Deputy Ministers of Justice, and Anatoly RUDYI, First Deputy Director of the Federal Service for the Execution of Sentences (FSIN), as well as with other senior officials of the Ministry of Justice and the FSIN.
The visit was carried out by the following members of the CPT:
Lətif HÜSEYNOV (President of the CPT and Head of delegation)
Maïté DE RUE
James McMANUS
Vytautas RAŠKAUSKAS.
They were supported by Jeroen SCHOKKENBROEK, Executive Secretary of the CPT, and Elvin ALIYEV of the CPT's Secretariat.
Preventing torture in Europe
www.cpt.coe.int
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Prior to beginning his professional career, McCall spent two years at Niagara University and two years at Tennessee State .We wish Kevin Godspeed, Rick Pitino said.Sarries could also be punished by European Professional Club Rugby after failing to attend a European Champions Cup and Challenge Cup launch in Cardiff on Wednesday.The game itself was more about the crowd than the action on the court until the closing moments when Chauncey Billups of the West tied the score at 137, then Dwyane Wade, later named MVP, of the East stole the ball from Deron Williams and scored on the final possession to give the East a two-point win.Hoerner has three hits in four Cactus League at-bats, and Maddon said he's impressed with the 21-year-old's approach at the plate and added that he's not far off from the majors.For the first time this season I feel like we were able to free JJ up for some good looks that he didn't really try to have to force up, Gentry said.
The game marked Denver's 32nd consecutive victory when winning the turnover battle.The club is set to begin play in 2021 in Bank of America Stadium.Something had to change, and fortunately for the Raps, a big factor that was beyond their control did when LeBron joined the Lakers.Cleveland trapped Isaiah Thomas and forced a turnover on the very first play of the game, setting in motion how the remainder of the game played out.According to Alex Lambrecht, vp for Bud Light, We believe that our new Super Bowl commercial and the Bud Light House of Whatever will make Bud Light the most talked about experience at the Super Bowl.
at Den.: Played every offensive snap in the Raiders' 15 win…For himself, he seems to have found just the gig.The club supports more than 2 charities around the Pacific Northwest and beyond.Here are some photos from Saturday's morning skate: Here's how the Wild lineup is projected to look Saturday night: – Eric Staal – – – http://www.nflramsofficialonline.com/RAMS-ERIC-DICKERSON-JERSEY Zach Parise – Victor Rask – Pontus Aberg – Joel Eriksson Ek – Luke Kunin – Jonas Brodin – – Louis Belpedio Devan Dubnyk – On the Jackets.As for who those five or six will be, it's way, way too soon to start making projections.
I think it's fair to say we need to do everything better on offense than we did last week.Compiled a career-high five solo tackles and defensed two passes in NFC Wild Card Round vs.Kylian Mbappe 9.He doesn't coach any different than that-he is a competitive coach.
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This module on Geography is one of a series of Geography books. It's intended for learners in the 7th grade. It is divided into four terms. It focuses on topics on natural disasters and hazards, population and topography.


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Michael "Mike" Scott
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Obituary of Michael Scott
Michael "Mike" Scott's love of life didn't come to an end with his death. Mike passed away on August 31st, 2021 at the age of 67 in Tucson, AZ.
Mike was a devoted husband, father, son, grandfather, brother, and friend. Family and friends will continue his legacy by living their lives to the fullest. Mike will be forever missed, forever loved, never forgotten, and his memory will forever be admired.
Michael was born in WaKeeney, Ks to father Corwin Scott and Mother Vivan Scott. Michael was an Air Force veteran, received his bachelor of science degree from Cal State Fullerton, and retired from Raytheon after 30 years. He had a passion for golf and his grandson's football. He played golf every chance he could and was always on the sideline coaching his boys. He loved traveling the country in his motorhome with the love of his life.
Michael married his high school sweetheart, Judy, and enjoyed over 51 years together. Together they had two daughters, seven grandchildren, and three great grandchildren.
Michael is survived by his wife, Judy Scott, mother, Vivan Scott, daughters Andrea Wahl and Amy Howell, all from Tucson, AZ.
Brother Terry Giesick and sister Vickie Savage both from Camarillo, CA. Grandchildren Ray Galindo-Scott, Berenise Galindo-Scott, Michael Galindo-Scott, Skylar Howell, Will Howell, Jesse Howell all from Tucson, AZ. Summer Howell from Glendale, AZ. Great grandchildren Xzavier, Hank, and Choosen. Proceeded in death by his father Corwin Scott and sister Wanda Giesick.
To send flowers to the family or plant a tree in memory of Michael Scott, please visit Tribute Store
A Memorial Tree was planted for Michael


Channel 10 has released an official statement saying that both Alex Nation and Richie Strahan were 'relieved and happy' about the outcome of their extraordinary conversation on last night's Bachelor in Paradise.
The exchange at the time seemed uncomfortable, with each party accusing each other of a series of cryptic behaviours.
"Do you actually want to go there Rich?" Alex demanded of her ex who she met on the 2016 season of The Bachelor before their romance ended shortly afterwards.
Did Richie make the right decision choosing Alex? And who is the woman Alex was engaged to after they split?
Since the episode ran last night, the Kyle and Jackie O show has been pulled off air when they discussed the exchange.
Social media commenters have frantically dissected and debated what they did or didn't do and whether or not it should be aired in the public domain.
But Channel 10 insists that both Nation and Strahan were very happy with the way the episode played out.
"Both Alex and Richie were comfortable with this. It aired unedited, uncensored and as a split screen enabling viewers to get a feel first hand for what they had both been through and what they had to say. By the end of the conversation, they both felt relieved and happy."
Was this really something people needed to see?
Viewers seem less certain that this moment was one they needed to share in, noting that Richie in particular looked anguished as he relived their breakup.
"It's really between Alex and Richie," one viewer noted.
Kidspot has reached out to Alex Nation for comment.