text:
Here's why COVID-19 vaccines should be mandatory
By Hilda A. Pool on November 28, 2021 Religious Belief
OPINION AND COMMENT
Editorials and other Opinion content provide perspectives on issues important to our community and are independent of the work of our newsroom journalists.
Editor's Note: The following is the winning essay of the 2021 American Heritage Scholarship Series Essay Competition. It was written by Oakdale High student Emma Lowe, who wrote on this year's topic: Mandatory vaccine Mandatory.
In the 1700s, a deadly epidemic struck the United States, killing 3 in 10 infected people and leaving survivors with painful wounds and large scars. This virus was smallpox, a disease that was apparently impossible to prevent at the time; that was until a British doctor named Edward Jenner created the first vaccine in 1796 (CDC, "History of Smallpox"). Using material from the similar, but much less deadly virus, cowpox, Jenner inoculated her patients with the very first vaccine. The coup effectively immunized them against the deadly smallpox. After successful vaccination campaigns throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the World Health Assembly declared that the disease had been eradicated worldwide by December 1980 ("smallpox"). The use of vaccines has grown dramatically, with commonly used vaccines against chickenpox, influenza, measles and polio saving countless lives each year. Such childhood vaccinations are even required in most public and private schools before students can attend.
In January 2020, a new virus hit the country called COVID-19; a respiratory disease that is said to spread like wildfire across 50 states and the rest of the world, shutting down businesses and trapping millions of citizens in their homes for months. But, due to the widespread use and study of vaccines nowadays, pharmaceutical and virological research companies were able to produce a vaccine in record time, less than a year after the initial outbreak. Millions of Americans have rushed to get vaccinated to stop the spread of this virus and protect themselves. However, even now, with more than 181 million Americans fully vaccinated against COVID 19, the virus continues to spread across our country.
So what's the problem? An anti-vaccine movement has led to the complete vaccination of only 55.2% of the nation, allowing the virus to continue to spread and mutate among the remaining 44.8% of unvaccinated Americans (Mayo Clinic, "US COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker "). The question then becomes: does the government have the constitutional right to impose vaccines, and if it does, should it do so? Vaccine mandates can be simplified to questions of why, what and who. Or in other words: why should the COVID-19 vaccine be mandatory? In addition, what level of government should be the one issuing the mandate, federal or state? And who, if any, should benefit from the exemptions? Current science, as well as historical precedent regarding the U.S. Constitution, has shown the answers to these questions: In order to prevent the spread of the coronavirus, vaccines should be mandated at the state level with few or no religious exemptions. or philosophical.
The question of why there should be a vaccine warrant in the first place can be answered by looking at the evolution of the COVID virus over the past year and a half. According to the Associated Press, unvaccinated people accounted for about 99.9% of current hospitalizations related to COVID-19 (Johnson, "Almost all COVID deaths in the United States are now among the unvaccinated"). So the need for a vaccination warrant is clear when looking at these numbers, as the virus will never be under control with so many hospitalizations. In addition to preventing hospitalizations, vaccines have been shown to be 95% effective in protecting vaccinees against the virus; as Erwin Chemerinsky, dean of the University of California, Berkeley Law School, said in the video conference: "If there are a hundred unvaccinated people who get COVID, five who are vaccinated would get COVID." which means that in addition to drastically reducing the chances of contracting the virus, the COVID vaccine also makes breakthrough cases much less severe.
So if vaccines are really that effective, why are people refusing to get them? One possible explanation was the concern over the Food and Drug Administration's emergency use authorization, rather than full approval, of the first COVID vaccines. Some people said they did not trust what they saw as a "rushed" approval process. But with the full FDA approval of the Pfizer vaccine issued in August 2021, there are still many laggards. It has become more evident than ever that the main reason for not getting vaccinated is not health or safety, but rather political.
Whatever the reason a person is reluctant to get vaccinated, the necessity and constitutionality of a vaccination mandate is clear. Ask the question: Should mandates be applied at the federal level, or is it better to leave it up to each state to decide? While many people have called for a federal mandate because it would provide a unified national response to the problem, the US Constitution and precedents better support state-level mandates. Obviously, the Constitution, a document created in 1776, does not explicitly mention the government's power to impose vaccines, so instead we need to apply constitutional principles to modern problems. One part of the Constitution that points to state-level versus federal-level mandates is the Tenth Amendment, which states that "powers which are not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it. here to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people "(Constitution of the United States, amend. ten).
Often cited in state rights arguments, this amendment gives individual states the power to make decisions on matters not specifically mentioned in the Constitution based on what is best for their residents. The argument then becomes: do vaccination mandates fall within the power of state governments, or do they infringe personal freedoms? The Supreme Court case Jacobson v. Massachusetts sets the precedent for this question, stating that "It is within the power of the police of a state to pass a law on compulsory vaccination" (1905). This integral case limits the power of the individual when his actions can have a negative effect on those around him. Essentially, this means that citizens have to sacrifice part of their individual freedom in the name of the "common good".
Although many workplaces already require employees to be vaccinated against COVID, some companies have bypassed these requirements by allowing religious or medical exemptions. These types of exemptions existed long before the COVID-19 vaccine, however. In some states, schools allow students not to be vaccinated for different reasons: all fifty states allow medical exemptions, forty-five states allow religious exemptions, and nineteen allow philosophical or personal belief exemptions (Findlaw, " School Vaccine Exemption Laws by State). But, key Supreme Court cases like Oregon vs. Smith cement the idea that states do not legally have to provide vaccine exemptions to their residents. The Smith case stated that a law does not violate an individual's rights under the First Amendment, "if the law does not specifically target religious practice and is otherwise constitutional as applied to those who engage in religious practice. at the specified act for non-religious reasons "(1990). Thus, a state government could legally issue a vaccination warrant without allowing religious or philosophical exemptions, as long as the warrant does not specifically target individuals based on their religious beliefs.
While there is great legal support for the rights of states to impose the COVID vaccine, many people still oppose the plan. Some believe that this would undermine their personal freedom and bodily autonomy. But there are already laws that effectively put public safety above the rights of individuals, including the aforementioned vaccination mandates for children in schools and seat belt laws. The requirement to wear a seat belt may seem very different from the requirement for vaccines, but there are similarities between the two. There has been a similar setback to the seat belt laws of 1986, including some of the same arguments used against COVID vaccines over personal freedom and individual rights. In the Iowa Supreme Court case State vs. HartogHartog claimed that the seat belt requirement violated his Fourteenth Amendment right to privacy and was beyond the police power of a state. But the court ruled against him, declaring the law to be constitutional (1989). This helped set a precedent declaring that public health and welfare mandates are, in fact, constitutional.
One argument against leaving the power to impose vaccines to individual states is that many would choose not to adopt vaccine requirements or that one state could create very weak rules. This is corroborated by the fact that as of September 16, 2021, only 10 states in the Union have reimposed mask warrants, even though COVID cases are back on the rise, with a current weekly average of 146,182 cases, even though wearing a mask has been proven to help prevent the spread of the virus (CDC, "Vaccinations> Variants"). However, the Constitution's spending power clause gives the federal government the ability to promote state vaccine mandates by providing grants to states that create COVID vaccine mandates ("the federal spending power"). In this way, the federal government is playing its role in eradicating the virus by pushing for the creation of state-level mandates.
Vaccination mandates are effective in preventing disease and protecting public health. They also enjoy strong legal support in federal and state courts. In addition, the Constitution shows that these vaccines should be mandated at the state level, rather than the federal level, without religious or philosophical exemptions; mandates are supported by the Tenth Amendment as well as Supreme Court cases like Jacobson vs. Massachusetts and Smith vs. Oregon. As Thomas Jefferson once said: "In questions of power, let no longer hear of confidence in man, but bind him to evil by the chains of the constitution" (Fair Copy of the Kentucky Resolutions of 1798). Whenever there is a power conflict between the people and the government, individual opinions should not guide decisions. Instead, citizens should trust the Constitution to lead them on the path of the common good.
This story was originally published November 28, 2021 6:00 a.m.
covid vaccine public health religious beliefs supreme court united states


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Q: The intersection of the convex hulls of two finite sets of points is again the convex hull of a finite set of points I have two sets, each of which is the convex hull of finitely many points in $\mathbb{R}^n$ (in my case $\mathbb{R}^5$, but that shouldn't really matter).  I'm certain that their intersection is itself the convex hull of finitely many points.
This seems to be one of those things that's "obvious" but hard to prove.  A (somewhat terse) proof in two dimensions is given by The intersection of finite number of convex hulls is a convex hull.
I am unsure whether the induction mentioned is to handle $\mathbb{R}^n$.  Attempting to generalize the argument even to $\mathbb{R}^3$ or $\mathbb{R}^3$, let alone $\mathbb{R}^n$ gets messy fast.  I'm wondering if there's an easier way to handle this.
One idea is to show that a set is the convex hull of finitely many points iff both it is bounded and it is the intersection of finitely many closed half-spaces.  That could be simpler, but I'm not sure how to do that either.

A: In "Polytopes, Rings, and K-Theory," Bruns/Gubeladze attribute the following to Minkowski:

$P\subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ is a polytope $\iff$ $P$ is the convex hull of a finite subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$

which is the theorem you reference as a proof method in your last paragraph.
Sidenote: In attempting to look this up, it seems to be a special case of what many call the "Weyl-Minkowski theorem", which Bruns/Gubeladze instead attribute to Motzkin, so the attributions might still be in conflict.  In any case, it makes it hard to look up a reference.

If we've already proven the above theorem, then your question is rephrased as "Is the intersection of two polytopes itself a polytope?"  The answer to this is obviously "yes," as the intersection of two bounded sets is bounded and intersecting an intersection of finitely many closed [affine] half-spaces with another intersection of finitely many closed [affine] half-spaces is trivially an intersection of finitely many closed [affine] half-spaces (which is a whole lot of a words to basically say "finite + finite = finite")

The problem then is in proving this theorem.  Of course, Bruns/Gubeladze prove it in the above book, but they develop quite a few tools in the previous sections to make their proof succinct, so if you want to see their proof, I'll direct you to the book.
To prove it from first principles, the following sketch should work:

*

*$(\Rightarrow)$ By definition, there is some positive integer $N$ and for any $1\leq i \leq N,\lambda_i \in \mathbb{R}^n, b_i \in \mathbb{R}$ such that $$P = \{x \in \mathbb{R}^n : \lambda_i \cdot x \leq b_i, \forall i\}$$  For any $J \subseteq \{1,\ldots,N\},$ define $F_J = P \cap \{x \in \mathbb{R}^n : \lambda_j\cdot x = b_j, \forall j \in J\},$ and let $V$ denote the set of $\subseteq$-minimal elements of $\Big\{F_J : J \subseteq \{1,\ldots,N\}\Big\}\setminus\{\emptyset\}.$  Using the assumption $P$ is bounded and every affine linear subspace of positive dimension is unbounded, we can show $V = \{\{x_1\}, \ldots, \{x_m\}\}$ is a set of singletons.  Now consider the convex hull of these points, which is immediately a subset of $P$ itself.  This leaves showing $P$ is a subset of the given convex hull, which is a little tedious, but probably would work best by induction, showing each $F_J$ is the convex hull of some subset of $V.$

*$(\Leftarrow)$ Obviously the convex hull $P$ of a finite set $V$ is bounded, so we would need to show $P$ is a polyhedron.  Toward this end, we may assume $V$ is minimal (if we remove any point, the convex hull will be strictly smaller), and since an affine subspace of $\mathbb{R}^n$ is the finite intersection of closed affine half-spaces (by the existence of an orthogonal basis) we may reduce to the case that the affine subspace spanned by $V$ is all of $\mathbb{R}^n.$  Now just note that there is an affine linear map taking the $(|V|-1)$-simplex onto the convex hull of $V.$

A: First, note that the image of a convex hull of a finite set under a linear (affine) map is also the convex hull of a finite set ( Hint: consider the images of the generators).
Consider now two finite sets of points $\{P_i\}_{1\le i\le k}$ and $\{Q_j\}_{1\le j\le l}$ in an affine space. Consider the set of points in $\mathbb{R}^{k+l}$ described by
$$\begin{eqnarray}
\sum \lambda_i P_i = \sum \mu_j Q_j \\
\sum \lambda_i = \sum \mu_j = 1 \\
\lambda_i, \mu_j \ge 0\\
\end{eqnarray}$$
It is easy to see that the intersection of the convex hulls is the image of this set under the map
$$(\lambda_i, \mu_j) \mapsto \sum \lambda_i P_i$$
Now we finish by proving :
Let $m, n\ge 1$ natural numbers, $A \in M(\mathbb{R}, m\times n)$ a matrix of size $m \times n$ with real entries, $b \in \mathbb{R}^m$. Consider the subset of unit cube in $\mathbb{R}^n$ defined by
$$\begin{eqnarray}
A \cdot x = b \\
0\le x_i \le 1
\end{eqnarray}$$
If the above set is not void then it is the convex hull of a finite subset of itself.
The proof is by induction on $n$. If $n=1$ it is easy. Assume true for all $n-1\ge 1$. If our subset has only one point, done. Otherwise, take a point $X$ and another one $Y$ in the set. The line $XY$ intersects the boundary of the cube in two points $X'$, $X''$ such that $X$ is in the segment $X'X''$. Now for each intersection of the set with a face of the we have the induction hypothesis ( it is basically a subset of $\mathbb{R}^{n-1}$, see also the observation at the very beginning of the proof). I say we are done.

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Just a day before the Perth Test, the Indian team got a major setback with two of its key players suffering injuries that would rule them out of the second Test, at the very least.
Both Rohit Sharma and Ravichandran Ashwin are undoubtedly two key players for India and there is a good chance that both would have been a part of the playing eleven for the Perth Test. However, one could argue with all due respect to the exceptional abilities of the concerned players that their absence is going to have little impact on India's chance.
In fact, at the risk of sounding controversial and even blasphemous, one could even make a case that the injuries to the two players could actually be a blessing in disguise for team India. This is for the following reasons.
If Rohit had been fit, he would have been a certainty in India's playing eleven at Perth given Kohli's trust in his ability and the success of a four-bowler strategy at Adelaide. However, with Rohit out of the Test, Hanuma Vihari is a like-for-like replacement at number six slot.
It is futile to compare the abilities of Rohit and Vihari in the Test format. Though Rohit is a far superior batsman in the limited over formats, it is safe to say that when it comes to Test match cricket, there is not much difference between what each of them brings to the table when it comes to batting at number six.
However, the added factor that Vihari brings is his ability to bowl some tidy spin. This is especially important for a Perth pitch that is not going to be spin-friendly and would assist pace. Hence, the role of a spinner is mostly to give some respite to the seamers, and wasting a bowling spot with a front-line spinner would not be wise.
If Ashwin was fit, India would have seriously considered having him in the team, despite the green tinge on the pitch. But with him out, there is a great probability of Kohli having four pacers in the team. Just like the Johannesburg Test earlier this year, this could yield the desired result for team India.
So, the injuries to Rohit and Ashwin may actually work in India's favour in the Perth Test.


He could do hundreds of thousands. No prob.
> umm-- this is going to be big when it hits the web--- how many shirts is he prepared to buy? I was thinking about getting 500 @4 each or 1K at $3 each ... and this will continue to go on-- he is expecting to be paid back with sales, yes? and he doesn't want to make any profit on it at all?
> I am thinking that this is an ongoing revenue stream to feed the needs of the movement, not a one off thing.
> All of the details can be worked out. I was thinking if the shirt is sold online, he can ship it from his office. If the shirts are sold at liberty, then i guess we could do something about that too.
> The price can be anything. What does the GA want to make as a profit? Or is this about outreach and less about profit?
>> ok-- how much would he charge per shirt? that is really the issue and could he take care of shipping?
>> My father would purchase the shirts from American Apparel. Their offices are like down the street from where he is. (He was figuring some like this .... http://www.americanapparel.net/newsletter/wholesaleUS110906.html) The printing would be done locally. All workers are paid above "min wage".
>> I'm just offering because my father offered.
>> I am waiting on information from a wholesaler who can get us american apparel shirts for $3-$5 a shirt-- still waiting on that.
>> I would like to suggest strongly that this be considered as the way to go about this. Heather and Jason (the couple in TN) are as 99% as it gets-- on SSI-- two kids they can barely feed, no health insurance.
>> I hope there are no objections to that. but...does he make them? himself? where does the cloth come from? If anyone helps him to make them, what does he pay them? where do the plain shirts come from? these are things that need to be answered before all will agree to this.
>>> My father owns his own business.
>>>>> when I have all the pieces, prolly tomorrow.
>>>>> > square "voted" on it.


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The site of Albion Conservation Consultancy, an international Preventive and Textile conservation practice. Artworks by the conservators.
One of the results of our long working partnership was the decision, taken in 1997, to collaborate on painting projects.


Adventurous photographer and filmographer, Hayden Pedersen on how adventure, storytelling and community have built his career.
Homegrown fashion extraordinaire Laura Campbell recently collaborated with a bespoke swimwear label, Anamexicana.
Photographer Andrew Northover unearths a world of colours, textures and tones amidst the heavy industry of Mattews Quarries.
For proud Gippslandian Alarna Bell, her makeup artistry has been the gateway to a rewarding, lifelong adventure.
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Feel a sense of pride as you glimpse at how far Gippsland has evolved in the past 200 years.
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This topic is for anyone to chat about anything you want, as long as it is at least somewhat related to the course! (It's fine if you drift off topic a bit though.) fast.ai folks probably won't be following this thread closely however, so if you want to ensure that your questions that answered, put them in a relevant topic.
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text:
PopTop Software Inc. was an American video game developer based in Fenton, Missouri. The company was founded in 1993 by Phil Steinmeyer, acquired by Take-Two Interactive in July 2000, became part of the 2K label in January 2005, and was closed down in March 2006. It was known for its construction and management simulation games.

History
PopTop Software was founded by video game programmer and designer Phil Steinmeyer in 1993. On July 24, 2000, Take-Two Interactive announced that it had acquired PopTop Software. The deal saw a transaction of 559,100 shares in Take-Two Interactive, valued at an estimated . On January 25, 2005, Take-Two Interactive announced the opening of publishing label 2K, which would henceforth manage their development studios, including PopTop Software.

Steinmeyer left PopTop Software in late 2004 and founded New Crayon Games, which later developed Bonnie's Bookstore, in May 2005. On March 7, 2006, it was announced that PopTop Software's operations had been merged into Firaxis Games, another 2K studio.

Games developed

References

2K (company)
Defunct companies based in Missouri
Defunct video game companies of the United States
Take-Two Interactive divisions and subsidiaries
Video game companies disestablished in 2006
Video game companies established in 1993
Video game development companies

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text:
Pike Road Real Estate
Map of Available Listings
Town of Pike Road
Pike Road Schools
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Home > Blog > School > New Year, New School
New Year, New School
Historic Pike Road School ready for students after major renovation
Tuesday, August 1st 2017, 6:17 pm CDT Tuesday, August 1st 2017, 6:35 pm CDT
By Lindsey Rogers, Reporter
PIKE ROAD, AL (WSFA) – Students and teachers in Pike Road are gearing up for a new school year in a new school.The town has given a historic building a major overhaul to help support its growing school system. Dr. Chuck Ledbetter, the new superintendent, says the renovated school still has a historic feel after being totally revamped.
"It is our upper school, grades seven through ten. It's a beautiful facility. The Town of Pike Road has done a lot of work to renovate this building for us and we're so gracious for that. It's been recreated so that we kept the old historic feel while bringing it up 100 years into the modern day," he said.
It's ready for students to start back next week in the new setting.
"This was a school here until 1970 and then it was shut down and it's had different iterations where it was a church camp for a time and some other things and now it's back to being a school," Ledbetter said. "We are in the building now and beginning to work."
It's the third year for the Pike Road school system and Dr. Ledbetter is now at the helm. He was hired in May and stressed innovation, integrity and service as the focus of the new school year.
"Pike Road Schools is a gem that continues to grow. Our community is growing, the town is growing, the school system is growing. We're also growing by one grade a year. This year, we'll go through 10th grade. Last year, we went through ninth grade," Dr. Ledbetter said.
The superintendent asks that for right now, residents hold off on coming to tour the newly renovated school as students and teachers get settled in over the next few weeks. An open house will be held in October and it will mark the 100th anniversary of the school and the 20th anniversary of the Town of Pike Road.
"We want to welcome our community to come in and see, especially those who went to school here in the past and we're going to have that opportunity in October," Ledbetter said.
A date for the community-wide open house in October hasn't been set yet.
Staff members for Pike Road Schools started back Tuesday. Students return Aug. 10.
"We always want to be open and transparent," Dr. Ledbetter said. "We have two values that we're always going to hold on to. One is to have integrity in everything we do. Two is serve our community, our students and parents to make sure that we're doing what they need us to do to best serve our students and for them to be able to grow and become the young people they need to be."
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Hey Patrick, thanks for reading & commenting! I'm checking out your blog, and will add it to my Pop Culture blogroll.
Thanks for collecting the great quotes!
Brienne's naming of Oathkeeper was particularly great, since in the scene she conveyed her meaning that Jaime was the Oathkeeper for letting her pursue and rescue Sansa to fulfill his promise to Catelyn, a promise he was trying to hedge his way out of a few episodes ago.


A Pinch of Pixie Dust: NEW Disney Express Transportation: 4 Parks in 4 Hours!
You do have to have a park hopper ticket/annual pass and of course you have to buy the ticket for the express buss as well, but it's actually not that bad. $15 for a one-day pass, $24 for a 7-day pass (per person).
If you have a short trip and want to pack in plenty of park hopping, it's a steal. You get to skip all that walking to the bus/parking lot, skip the second time around through the turnstiles and bag line. It's like a VIP tour priced for the common man.
The Express Transportation Check-In at Hollywood Studios is tucked away beyond this gate behind the entrance to Rock n' Roller Coaster. This is also the location at the moment of the "surprise and delight" character meet and greet CHARACTERPALOOZA.
We got off the bus at DHS, and there were just CHARACTERS everywhere in front of us! Got to hang out with my girl Mary Poppins and cast some spells with the Evil Queen.
And that wasn't even the end of our character adventures! We dashed over to the Launch Bay for a showdown with Kylo Ren - thanks to the Disney Chase Visa line there was no wait.
Had to stop for hugs from Minnie at Epcot, our last park of the day! But to see more from our epic 4 parks 4 hours afternoon and to hear more about the express bus, you have to watch the video!
Looking forward to trying this in early March!
Were there any lines to board the buses? I am hoping that they stay enough of an insider secret to not be crowded in August when we go, but popular enough to still be in operation!
No, there were never more than 3-4 other people on a bus with us! I agree - I hope it doesn't get too busy, but busy enough to keep it going!


text:
Дже́фферсон () — гора в округе Най (штат Невада, США). Имея высоту 3641 метр над уровнем моря, является . Самая высокая точка земной поверхности в радиусе 145 километров. Джефферсон расположена на территории дикой природы  в национальном лесу . Ближайшие к горе населённые пункты — маленькие городки  и , ближайшая автодорога — . Соседние вершины этой же горы носят незатейливые названия Северная вершина (3603 м) и Средняя вершина (3564 м).

Гора относительно легка для восхождения, практически до вершины можно подняться на полноприводном автомобиле.

См. также

Примечания

Горы Невады
География округа Най
Горы Большого Бассейна
Гумбольдт—Тоиябе


We're back home now from our honeymoon trip and we had such an amazing time. We can't thank you enough! All of the tour guides were great, and the hotels you picked were all really nice and in great locations. The wine tour was incredibly interesting and we really liked the guide.
Everything was all we dreamed and more!
Hip Barcelona, capital of Catalonia.
Watch the sound of the Flamenco.
Visit Madrid's Círculo de Bellas Artes.
Expose your tastes to the sophisticated Tapas.
This trip to Spain was one we designed for a honeymoon couple with a serious interest in the fine wines of the Rioja Region in north central Spain. Private tours from creative and knowledgeable local tour guides always make a trip most memorable, and we encourage our clients to experience the private tour experience on their own private tours whenever possible.
Catch up on your conversational Spanish as you take the red eye to Barcelona!
The day is yours to explore, so go climb a mountain, visit a cathedral or go to the beach!
A 9 hour tour of the Rioja Region waits for you with ancient wineries, medieval villages and historical monuments.
The day is yours to explore independently. May we suggest a day trip to Toledo?


Born and raised in Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur, Sivarajah Natarajan graduated from the Malaysian Institute of Arts with a degree in Fine Arts in 1992. Known as the "dancers' painter" who deftly captures the fluid lines of the dancer's silhouettes and dynamic movement on canvas, Sivarajah Natarajan expands the use of his keen eye and instinct to conjure compelling lighting and set design onstage for the Sutra Dance Theatre. As an artist, Sivarajah has successfully seized the moment and interpreted his artistic milieu, digesting these experiences and expressing them in nuggets of compelling images for us to contemplate. An artist who functions professionally in both the visual and performing arts, Sivarajah is a rare 'integrator' in the Malaysian artistic scene who shares his sensitive outpourings in the visual and performing arts with an individualistic and distinctive Sutra hallmark. For this exhibition, his works mostly portray Malay performing arts such as Mak Yong and Wayang Kulit – utilising mixed mediums on canvas.
Main petri and makyong are two related Malay performing arts originally found in the regions of Patani and Kelantan, and in certain areas of rural Terengganu and Pahang. The photographs and paintings of main petri and makyong featured in this exhibition depict the manifestations of the restoration of the spirit or 'angin Dewa Muda'. Dewa Muda and Dewa Pecil are two of the most important stories in the makyong repertoire, enacted for the healing of illnesses related to psychology. Angin Dewa Muda resonates with the extroverted Malay psyche, whereas Angin Dewi Pecil is with the introverted Malay psyche. A person with a thwarted angin Dewa Muda is one who, due to circumstances, unable to fulfil his extroverted predilections (say, the desire for attention, beautiful clothes, the wish to be admired, gregariousness etc). The drama of the life of Dewa Muda is used to cure a patient who would otherwise be depressed, losing his joie de vivre from unfulfilled desires. The menora, also featured in this exhibition is an intriguing acculturated form of menora-makyong, found in the Kelantan and Patani regions. This version combines both the Thai-influenced menora and the Malay makyong genres.


text:
Murat Petrowitsch Chratschow (; * 25. Juli 1983 in Tscherkessk) ist ein ehemaliger russischer Boxer und Bronzemedaillengewinner der Olympischen Spiele 2004 im Leichtgewicht.

Boxkarriere
Murat Chratschow gewann 1999 die Goldmedaille im Fliegengewicht bei den Kadetten-Europameisterschaften in Baku und 2001 die Goldmedaille im Federgewicht bei den Junioren-Europameisterschaften in Sarajevo. Bei den Junioren-Weltmeisterschaften 2000 in Budapest gewann er die Silbermedaille im Bantamgewicht, nach dem er erst im Finale gegen Vitali Tajbert ausgeschieden war.

In der Elite-Klasse (Erwachsene) wurde er 2002 Russischer Meister im Federgewicht und 2003 Russischer Meister im Leichtgewicht. 2002 gewann er den Copenhagen Cup in Dänemark mit Siegen gegen Loliwe Phakathi, Südafrika, Femi Fehintola, England und Guillaume Salingue, Frankreich. Bei den Weltmeisterschaften 2003 in Bangkok verlor er bereits im ersten Kampf gegen Dilschod Machmudow, Usbekistan, sowie bei den Europameisterschaften 2004 in Pula im zweiten Kampf gegen Ovidiu Bobîrnat, Zypern.

Trotzdem konnte er im April 2004 an der europäischen Olympiaqualifikation in Baku teilnehmen, wo er durch vorzeitige Siege gegen Arsen Doko, Albanien, Andrew Murray, Irland und Mariusz Koperski, Polen, ins Finale vordrang, wo sein Gegner Wolodimir Krawets, Ukraine, nicht zum Kampf antrat und Chratschow deshalb als Sieger des Turniers ausgezeichnet wurde. Er startete anschließend im August bei den Olympischen Spielen von Athen, besiegte Chen Tongzhou, China (40:29), Anthony Little, Australien (t.k.o) und Sam Rukundo, Uganda (31:18), ehe er im Halbfinale gegen Mario Kindelán, Kuba (10:20) unterlag und so mit einer Bronzemedaille ausschied.

2005 war er Mitglied der russischen Mannschaft beim Weltcup in Moskau. Das Team konnte sich gegen Weißrussland (11:0), USA (11:0), Aserbaidschan (11:0) und Kuba (7:4) durchsetzen und damit den ersten Platz erreichen.

Weblinks

 Website; amateur-boxing.strefa.pl

Boxer (Russland)
Olympiateilnehmer (Russland)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2004
Russe
Geboren 1983
Mann


text:
Tag: FBM
Machines manufacturer FBM donates $393,000 to Philippine public hospitals
Slot machine manufacturer FBM has has donated PHP20m ($393,000) to four public health institutions in the Philippines via the national gaming regulator Pagcor.
FBM, Wins and Zitro team up for "The Great Pack Party"
The companies, FBM, Wins Systems and Zitro have joined forces to bring "The Great Pack Party" to Las Vegas on October 3, 2017 to coincide with G2E. Under the tagline "The Great Pack Party", the three companies will host a unique event, to be held in one of the most emblematic venues in the city. "There is no better city in...


text:
Gallup Poll | Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods
The Gallup Poll is the longest continuous measure of public opinion in the United States, having been conducted for more than 70 years, and is the most widely recognized brand name in the field of survey research.
On Sunday, October 20, 1935, George Gallup officially launched his "scientific" polling operation nationwide with "America Speaks: The National Weekly Poll of Public Opinion." About three dozen newspapers carried his first release, including The Washington Post, whose editor heralded the event by hiring a blimp to pull a streamer over the city to announce the new column. Gallup called his operation the American Institute of Public Opinion, which he located in Princeton, New Jersey, where he also lived. To attract subscribers, he made a money-back guarantee that his poll-based ...


Tens of thousands took to the streets of Taipei in an anti-nuclear protest. Timed to coincide with the second anniversary of Japan's Fukushima disaster, the rally called for a halt to the under-construction fourth nuclear plant as well as the shutdown of the three operating plants. The rally came just days after the government announced that a referendum would be held over halting construction on the fourth power plant.


Pape, Lee. Little Benny's Book. Sacramento. Sir Benn. 1982 (1926). Octavo. Soft cover. Facsimile edition. Illustrated. Fine copy.
Parker, Nancy Winslow. Frogs, Toads, Lizards, and Salamanders. New York. Greenwillow. 1999. 4to. Hard cover. First edition. Illustrated in black, white and color. Fine copy (owner name on end paper) in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Parnall, Peter. Woodpile. New York. Macmillan. 1990. Octavo. Hard cover. First edition. Illustrated in color and black & white. Fine copy (owner name on end paper) in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Paterson, Katherine. The King's Equal. New York. Trumpet. 1994. 64 pps. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated in color and black & white. Fine copy.
Patience, John, Jack and the Beanstalk. Ashland. Landoll. 1993. 4to. Hardcover. First edition. Illustrated in black, white and color by John Patience. Fine copy.
Patience, John. Brock the Balloonist. Tales from Fern Hollow. Bridlington. Peter Haddock. nd. 4to. Hardcover. First edition. Illustrated in color and black & white by the author. Fine copy.
Patience, John. Mr. Rusty's New House. Tales from Fern Hollow. Bridlington. Peter Haddock. nd. 4to. Hardcover. First edition. Illustrated in color and black & white by the author. Fine copy.
Patience, John. Mrs. Merryweather's Letter. Ashlane. Landoll. 1993. 4to. Hardcover. First edition thus. Illustrated in color and black & white by the author. Fine copy.
Patience, John. Mrs. Merryweather's Letter. Tales from Fern Hollow. Bridlington. Peter Haddock. nd. 4to. Hardcover. First edition. Illustrated in color and black & white by the author. Fine copy.
Patience, John. Puss in Boots. Fairy Tale Favorites. A Pop-Up Book. New York. Waldman. nd. Octavo. Decorated hard cover. First edition. Illustrated in color and black & white. All moveables work. Fine copy.
Patience, John. Sigmund's Birthday Surprise. Ashland. Landoll. 1993. 4to. Hardcover. First edition thus. Illustrated in color and black & white by the author. Fine copy.
Patience, John. Sigmund's Birthday. Tales from Fern Hollow. Bridlington. Peter Haddock. nd. 4to. Hardcover. First edition. Illustrated in color and black & white by the author. Fine copy.
Patience, John. Snow White & The Seven Dwarfs. Ashland. Landoll. 1993. Octavo. Hardcover. First edition thus. Illustrated in black, white and color by John Patience. Fine copy.
Patience, John. The Midsummer Banquet. Tales from Fern Hollow. Bridlington. Peter Haddock. nd. 4to. Hardcover. First edition. Illustrated in color and black & white by the author. Fine copy.
Patience, John. The Tortoise Fair. Tales from Fern Hollow. Bridlington. Peter Haddock. nd. 4to. Hardcover. First edition. Illustrated in color and black & white by the author. Fine copy.
Patience, John. The Unscary Scarecrow. Tales from Fern Hollow. Bridlington. Peter Haddock. nd. 4to. Hardcover. First edition. Illustrated in color and black & white by the author. Fine copy.
Patron, Susan. Five Bad Boys, Billy Que, and the Dustdobbin. Inscribed by the author. Photo available. New York. Orchard. 1992. Octavo. Hard cover. First edition. Illustrated in black, white and color by Mike Shenon. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Patterson, Jerry. Porcelain. Compiled for the Cooper-Hewitt Museum. Washington. Smithsonian. 1979. 4to. Hardcover. First edition. Illustrated in color and black & white. Fine copy in near fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Patton, Harris. Young Eagles. Photo available. Chicago. Goldsmith Pub. 1932. Octavo. Hardcover. First edition. Fine copy in near fine (Light fading) dust jacket (in mylar).


text:
Der Woogbach, am Unterlauf Nonnenbach genannt, ist ein gut 9 km langes Fließgewässer in Rheinland-Pfalz und ein linker Seitenarm des Speyerbachs, von dem er sein Wasser bezieht und in den er wieder zurückmündet. Der Bach fließt auf seiner gesamten Länge in der Vorderpfalz, und zwar im Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis und in der kreisfreien Stadt Speyer.

Geographie

Verlauf

Der Woogbach besitzt keine eigene Quelle. Am Westrand von Hanhofen zweigt er auf  Höhe in einer Bifurkation, dem sogenannten Hanhofer Wassergescheid, dem Speyerbach mindestens dessen halbe Wassermenge nach links ab. 40 m oberhalb dieser Stelle mündet in den Speyerbach von rechts der 22 km lange Kropsbach.

In östlicher Richtung durchfließt der Woogbach die Gemeinde Hanhofen, die er mittig quert. Am Wohnbereich von Dudenhofen floss er einst nördlich entlang; erst neuere Siedlungsgebiete sind weit nach Norden über den Bach hinausgewachsen. 1 km unterhalb der Wohnbebauung von Dudenhofen erreicht er die Stadt Speyer. Dort fließt er durch einen etwa 2,5 km langen Grüngürtel, dessen westlicher Teil der Woogbachpark ist, und ändert dabei in einem großen Rechtsbogen seine Laufrichtung auf Südost. Anschließend passiert er das links liegende Helmut-Bantz-Stadion, das nach dem aus Speyer stammenden Turn-Olympiasieger von 1956 benannt ist.

Vor der Straßenbrücke Mittelsteg mündet der Woogbach auf  Höhe von links zurück in den hier wieder aus dem Untergrund hervortretenden und in diesem letzten Abschnitt auch "Gießhübelbach" genannten Speyerbach, der seinerseits nach weiteren 800 m den Rhein erreicht.

Der gut 9 km lange Lauf des Woogbachs endet 11 Höhenmeter unterhalb seines Ursprungs, er hat somit ein mittleres Sohlgefälle von etwa 1,2 ‰.

Zuflüsse
Außer dem Speyerbach selbst besitzt der Woogbach zwei hauptsächliche Wasserlieferanten: Ein linker Zufluss ist der 4,8 km lange Altwiesenbach, der den Woogbach am Westrand von Dudenhofen zunächst nach links unterquert () und nach 500 m von links in ihn mündet (). 300 m unterhalb dieser Stelle, ebenfalls in Dudenhofen, das er von Südwest nach Nordost durchquert hat, mündet von rechts der stärkste Zufluss, der 33,6 km lange Hainbach (). Beide Mündungen liegen wenige Meter südlich bzw. nördlich der Bundesstraße 39, die von Speyer nach Neustadt an der Weinstraße führt.

Ortschaften
 Hanhofen
 Dudenhofen
 Speyer

Geschichte
Das Wasser des Woogbachs diente früher dem Schutz bzw. der Versorgung von Gebäuden und bewegte zudem die Mahlgänge verschiedener Mühlen.
 Am westlichen Ortseingang von Hanhofen stand links des Woogbachs seit dem 15. Jahrhundert die Burg Marientraut des Fürstbistums Speyer, deren Verteidigungsgraben vom Bach gefüllt wurde. Heute sind von der um das Jahr 1700 zerstörten Wasserburg noch Reste des Bergfrieds zu finden.
 In Hanhofen, gegenüber dem Bergfried, liegt an der Hauptstraße nahe der Einmündung der Mühlgasse die ehemalige Schlossmühle. Ihr voluminöses zweieinhalbgeschossiges Hauptgebäude, das im Kern aus der Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts stammt, dient heute Wohnzwecken. Die Mühle ist nicht mehr als Kulturdenkmal gelistet.
 In Dudenhofen an der St.-Klara-Straße stand einst die Bannmühle. 1902 wurde das Haupthaus, ein viergeschossiger Ziegelbau mit zinnenartigem Wandabschluss, zu einer repräsentativen Villa mit Jugendstilmotiven umgebaut, die unter Denkmalschutz steht. Heute wird darin das "Künstlerhaus Dudenhofen" betrieben.
 In Speyer umfloss der Woogbach rund 1 km vor seiner Rückmündung in den Speyerbach das Gelände des St.-Klara-Klosters (), weshalb er in seinem Unterlauf die Bezeichnung Nonnenbach erhielt. Das Kloster wurde 1799 aufgelöst und später abgetragen.

Am westlichen Stadteingang von Speyer entstand im Bereich des Gewässers ab 1920 die Siedlung am Woogbach, die für Arbeiterfamilien errichtet wurde und mittlerweile als Denkmalzone ausgewiesen ist. Im Rahmen der Aktion Blau Plus des rheinland-pfälzischen Umweltministeriums wurde das Projekt "Soziale Stadt Speyer-West" umgesetzt. Bei der Renaturierung der Woogbachaue zum Woogbachpark wurde ein "Weg der Generationen" geschaffen, der den Zugang von den Wohngebieten erleichtert und die Begehung der Aue attraktiv macht.

Verkehr
Nacheinander unterquert der Woogbach in Dudenhofen die B 39, westlich von Speyer die B 9 (Niederrhein–Lauterbourg/Frankreich) und innerhalb der Stadt die Bahnstrecke Schifferstadt–Wörth. In diesem Bereich begleitet er zudem auf etwa 1 km die in Richtung Stadtzentrum führende Friedrich-Ebert-Straße.

Einzelnachweise

Vorderpfalz
Gewässer im Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis
Gewässer in Speyer


text:
price hike
Microsoft's in-house Xbox Series X|S games will cost $70 starting next year
Games have been this expensive before
By Daniel Sims December 5, 2022, 19:33 19 comments
In context: The march toward a $70 MSRP for retail games seems inevitable amid a general increase in tech-related pricing. Microsoft said earlier that it wouldn't be able to maintain its current prices forever, and this latest decision follows other major game publishers.
Microsoft told IGN this week that, starting in 2023, the company's new first-party games will cost $70 instead of $60. The policy applies to upcoming titles like Starfield, Redfall, and the next Forza Motorsport that are designed for the Xbox Series X and S and won't come to Xbox One.
The decision echoes how Sony charges $70 for PlayStation 5 first-party games, but $60 for PlayStation 4 titles. Ubisoft and Take-Two Interactive also made similar choices to account for the increasing costs of game development.
However, the price hike may not have the same impact on Xbox due to differences between Microsoft's and Sony's business strategies. Sony applies its $70 price point to cross-generation games, charging customers $10 to upgrade titles like God of War Ragnarök from PS4 to PS5.
Xbox games like Forza Horizon 5 upgrade from Xbox One to Xbox Series for free, and Microsoft's cross-gen games still cost $60.
Laughs when people complain about modern game prices (this doesn't even include inflation) pic.twitter.com/txalxzK49k
— Figgy (@skubulbunt) December 27, 2015
Furthermore, much of Microsoft's gaming business now revolves around Game Pass which entitles subscribers to all the games falling under the new policy. Additionally, subscribers buying those games separately from Game Pass get a discount. Sony's PlayStation Plus subscription includes discounts, but not for new first-party games.
While game prices are trending upward compared to recent years, $70 isn't a new high. New games regularly sold for $60, $70, or more during the 1990s, and those prices don't account for inflation.
Prices started to fall when games moved to optical discs, which are cheaper to manufacture than cartridges. Comparing the images in the tweet above, Madden 97 cost $48 on the original PlayStation and Sega Saturn, but $60 on the older Super NES and Sega Genesis consoles. Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 was $70 on Super NES and Genesis, but $53 on Saturn.
New game prices settled around $50 during the PlayStation 2 years, but increased to $60 on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. Hikes since then have become controversial due to inflation and increasingly expensive game development on one end and the rising importance of digital on the other, which lowers distribution costs and cuts out retailers.
In October, Microsoft admitted that it would eventually have to raise gaming prices, but wouldn't do so until next year. Sony already increased the PlayStation 5's price everywhere except the in US due to growing manufacturing costs.
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Does anyone have any idea? Thanks in advance.

A: Try changing:
<detail>
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to
<detail>
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In case it starts printing a blank page at the end, you might want to use:
<detail>
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Instead


The start of the 2015 Division I season is creeping closer and closer as programs ramp up preseason preparations.
New recruits are finally on campus, as the majority of recruiting classes have finally been announced. Transfers and freshmen are eager to make an impact ahead of the new season, and could ultimately prove decisive in conference and postseason races.
TopDrawerSoccer.com takes one last look at the new recruits, ranking the Top 25 women's DI recruiting classes.
Holding strong with a six-player class, the Cardinal reload in impressive fashion once again. Tegan McGrady, a dynamic outside back could also potentially provide attacking thrust up front.
Call the Nittany Lions 1a when it comes to its ranking. Should the late addition of German Alina Ortega-Jurado work out, Penn State could end up with the best incoming class of 2015, one season after adding some impressive talent.
The combination of outstanding regional talent meshes well with some of the nation's top recruits in UVA's class, including the likes of Brandon, Petersen and Westrup. Head coach Steve Swanson will have plenty of talent to call upon from this group as he looks to replace Morgan Brian and Danielle Colaprico.


text:
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Ecommerce research
Our analysis of 229 million BFCM emails shows that less is more
By: Bernard Meyer — Aug 05, 2022
The Black Friday-Cyber Monday mega sales weekend, known as BFCM or Cyber 5, is increasingly popular for customers—but also increasingly difficult for merchants.
In 2021, Shopify store owners made a whopping $6.3 billion in sales between Black Friday and Cyber Monday. This is up from $5.1 billion in 2020 (a 24% increase) and $2.9 billion during BFCM 2019 (an amazing 76% increase) in sales worldwide.
The reasons are plenty—better ecommerce adoption worldwide, with the pandemic a significant factor, more stores, more products, more ads, etc.
But with more sales, we're getting more competition, with mega outlets like Amazon adding more niche products to their lineup and taking up a bigger piece of the pie. That leaves smaller ecommerce businesses having to fight harder to get noticed by their customers.
Since email marketing is one of the best sales channels, we decided to see what kind of email elements—images, buttons, words, subject lines, etc.—lead to the highest engagement and, most importantly, sales.
This will help merchants to incorporate these high-converting elements into their newsletters and watch their email marketing sales 🚀
Want to learn how to boost your sales for Black Friday? Check out Omnisend's BFCM Hub for helpful articles, videos, podcasts, reports, and so much more.
Get prepared for the holidays with our top articles, videos, podcasts & more.
Visit Holiday Hub
In order to assess the highest-converting and most popular elements of our customers' BFCM newsletters, we analyzed more than 229 million emails (from 40,283 total campaigns) sent from November 25 - December 2, 2020.
In order to look at the most popular, we used various filters to remove outliers and extremely poorly performing brands (or, most likely, "testing" campaigns) that would skew the results.
Once filtered, we used word and word phrase frequency calculations, and took averages of campaigns or brand campaign averages.
We used boxplots to plot various elements against their respective open and/or click rates.
These are the main results:
Subject lines that have up to 7 words have better open rates
Emails containing up to 480 words have higher click rates
Emails with 2-3 CTAs show the best click rates. Emails with more than 3 CTAs have lower click rates
Adding 6 products to your email seems to be the sweet spot for higher click rates, but adding up to 3 also shows good rates
Generally, discounts offering 10%-25% off show better click rates than lower or higher % discounts
"Thanksgiving," while a less popular word to use in subject lines, has the highest open rates compared to the other BFCM days. However, we'd still recommend using "Black Friday" or "Cyber Monday" in your subject lines
The phrases "chance to save" and "coupon" have better open rates than "free shipping" or "BOGO" when used in subject lines
Below is an infographic that summarizes our key takeaways:
You can get the full-sized infographic here
Comparing text length to open and click rates
One of the first steps our research took was to see how word count relates to open rates (for subject lines) and click rates (for email content).
Subject line length
If you've ever used our Subject Line Tester, you'll have seen this recommendation to use between 4-6 words (or 21-40 characters). Anything longer than that, and you'll have seen this message:
So how accurate is this? What does our new data show?
Subject lines up to about 7 words have the best open rates, ranging from 15%-17%. Anything more than that begins to drop steadily.
One important note: as you can see, 0-3 words seems to offer the best open rates. However, because it is so unpopular (with only 2.5 million emails sent vs. the 61 million sent with 5-7 words in the subject line), you should take this open rate with a grain of salt.
The most popular word count for subject lines seems to be between 5-7 words, as more than 61 million emails were sent with subject line word counts in this range.
The second-most popular length is for 8-10 words, which still have a respectable 14.6% average open rate. The lowest open rate is for subject lines with 16 or more words (13.8%).
Takeaway: our recommendation remains. Use between 4-6 words for the best chance at good open rates, but going lower to 3 words and higher to 7 or 8 words won't necessarily kill your rates.
Email content length
Getting your contacts to open the email is one task, but convincing them to click on a product to purchase or at least learn more is another task. Should you be more descriptive, and use more words, to sell your products? Or is less better?
The data seems clear: newsletters containing up to 160 words seem to have the best click rates.
The second-best grouping is for newsletters containing between 160-480 words, which is also the most popular word count for all emails sent. After 500 words, the click rate begins to drop steadily.
One interesting note: there seems to be a spike in click rates for emails with more than 560 words. However, because of the low number of emails sent that have these word counts, this is most likely noise and therefore its significance decreases.
How many CTAs and products to list?
At this point, we're starting to see a trend: the more you use, the less you get. We're seeing this when we analyze the number of newsletter elements used—such as CTAs/buttons, products listed, and images—compared to their click rates.
Let's look at these in turn.
It's a general newsletter design best practice to not include too many CTAs. Generally, have one main CTA and you can have supporting CTAs to either similar products or educational content, with no more than 3 CTAs.
But what does the BFCM data show?
It seems to hold. 2-3 CTAs show the best click rates, with newsletters containing more than 3 CTAs quickly dropping in click rates. The second best click rates belong to 0-1 CTAs, which also happens to be the most popular number of CTAs in the newsletters we analyzed.
FYI: don't complicate your copy for your CTAs. Our data shows that using the classic "shop now" is both the most popular and has one of the best click rates (2.23%):
The less popular "shop black friday" CTA has an even higher click rate, coming in at 2.62%. However, due to the comparatively low sample here (only 162 newsletters contained this CTA text compared to the 3292 campaigns using "shop now"), it's likely that there's a bit of noise involved in this data.
Takeaway: The takeaway here seems to be pretty clear when looking at how many CTAs to include in email newsletters: the less, the better. We can rephrase that to state that the more focused your newsletter is, the better your click rates will be.
Having too many options in an email most likely leads to analysis paralysis where your contacts can't decide between multiple options, and they end up clicking on nothing.
When comparing the number of product listings to their click rates, we can see slightly different insights compared to the CTA data from above: instead of fewer being better, we're seeing that more product listings (up to a point) have slightly better click rates.
Having up to 3 products listed in newsletters shows some good click rates up to 1.94%. When adding 4-5 products, however, this drops to 1.79%, but shoots up to 2.03% when showing off 6-7 products. After that, it drops again.
However, this should be taken with a grain of salt, since the click rates aren't different enough to have conclusive results.
Takeaway: there doesn't seem to be a perfectly clear, directional takeaway here. Generally, you'll be safe adding up to 3 products to your newsletters, but if you really want to test it out, try adding 6 products and see the results.
Bigger discounts lead to lower click rates
For most people, it seems obvious that a bigger discount or saving for a product would lead to more people buying the product.
However, our analysis shows that this isn't necessarily true. In fact, it seems to be quite the opposite.
When looking at the chart of % discounts compared to click rates, we can see that a few trends emerge:
Primarily, it looks like there's a certain sweet spot, a sort of Goldilocks zone, for which % discount generates better click rates. Generally, 10-25% discounts show better click rates than anything below or above that range—earning between a 2.04%-2.2% average click rate. There's a pickup of click rates with discounts in the 65%-75% range.
This is quite surprising, since one would expect that an offer for 55% off would fare better than an offer for 30% off.
However, when looking at the most popular % discounts in subject lines, we see that 50% off is the most popular, followed (surprisingly) by 70% off. 30% off is the third-most popular, then 40% off.
Our data shows that those campaigns would have gotten better click rates if they'd use lower discounts.
Takeaway: don't go too hard with the discounts. There could be a variety of reasons why customers are more interested in lower discounts—one of which could be some perception of quality. In either case, we'd recommend keeping your discounts below 50% off, and see how 25% off performs for you this year.
Key terms in subject lines for higher open rates
One of the first steps our research took was to compare specific key terms to their open rates in subject lines. These terms are grouped according to the following themes, and their purpose of analysis:
Days of BFCM: which of the four days, from Thanksgiving to Cyber Monday, showed the best open rates?
Terms related to urgency: which terms of urgency are most effective?
Terms related to general sales: which descriptive terms have the best effect on readers?
Terms related to special offers: what kind of offers entice readers to open their emails?
Let's look at each grouping in turn.
Days of BFCM
In order to asses which of the BFCM days showed the best open rates, we looked at the following terms:
(Because there's no official day for the Sunday before Cyber Monday, we decided not to measure that.)
Overall, the results for this particular analysis were not really conclusive. All of the BFCM days, as far as they're used in subject lines, returned similar results (roughly 15% open rate).
In our analysis, two things were immediately (and unsurprisingly) obvious: Black Friday and Cyber Monday were the most popular, with Black Friday almost three times as popular as Cyber Monday.
Secondly, Small Business Saturday was the least popular, and this could be that our ecommerce merchants are by-and-large DTC, and may also not refer to themselves as a "business" but rather a shop or store.
Thanksgiving was also pretty unpopular, roughly 6 times less popular than Cyber Monday and 16 times less popular than Black Friday.
However, in terms of open rates, the lineup changes. Out of these four terms, subject lines that included Thanksgiving had the highest average open rates (15.3%). Small Business Saturday had the second highest average open rates (15%), followed closely by Black Friday (14.9%). Cyber Monday had the lowest average open rates, coming in at 13.8%.
But, as Austin Powers once famously said: "What does it all mean, Basil?"
Takeaway: There's a lot of volume going out related to Black Friday and Cyber Monday. Now, you shouldn't ignore these terms in your subject lines, but instead you should remember to also put emphasis on the less competitive terms like Thanksgiving and Small Business Saturday. Overall, if you had to choose, you should definitely use Black Friday and Cyber Monday in your email subject lines.
Do A/B testing (easy with Omnisend) to see which subject lines have better open rates. (By the way, you can also use Omnisend's A/B testing to see which email content, in its entirety, performs better.)
Terms related to urgency
In this group, we wanted to analyze the different terms merchants used to denote urgency. This included the following:
Hours left
Sale starts
Miss out
Out of all of these terms, "hours left" had the lowest average open rates, coming in around 12.2%. The highest of these terms is "sale starts" with a 15.5% open rate.
The two most popular terms in this group are "last chance" and "today," with both having similar open rates, at 14.2% and 13.9%, respectively.
The least popular, in terms of volume, is "days left," which seems to indicate that merchants are sending out more emails with sales ending within hours, not days. This is backed up by the greater popularity of "last day," "today," and "last chance," which generally have special offerings ending in less than 24 hours.
Takeaway: this one's a bit more difficult. Overall, there's more competition in recipients' inboxes about special promotions ending within 24 hours, compared to special promotions ending within days. Emails with longer deadlines may be less popular but they have higher average open rates. This is backed up by the higher rates for the term "sale starts."
Terms related to general sales
This grouping aimed to see which of the multiple terms for sales (such as "bargain" or "offer") showed higher open rates—hinting at the possibility that they are more intriguing for readers.
The terms we looked at were:
Biggest sale
This may come as no surprise, but the term "sale" is the most popular when looking at volume. The least popular are "bargain" and "VIP access." Here it's important to note that these differences in volumes can affect the open rates.
The highest open rate belongs to the terms "special" and "offer," coming in at 17.1% and 16.9%, respectively, while the lowest belongs to "savings" (13%). "Early access" also performs well with a 16.2% open rate for each.
Takeaway: The relatively lower average open rate of "sale" is more a victim of its popularity than anything else. After all, it's important to remember that the more instances there are of something, the more likely it is to revert to its statistical mean. (Think about flipping a coin—the more you throw it, the closer it'll get to 50%).
So don't knock the term "sale" in your subject lines. Instead, try to see how it works compared to other higher-performing terms like "special," "offer" and "deal."
This could be, for instance, "New deal: take 25% off in our BFCM sale." See how this subject line performs.
Terms related to special offers
When we talk about special offers, we're looking at what kinds of discounts, free shippings, gifts, etc., work best to get higher open rates.
These terms include:
Use code
Chance to save
So, without looking at the chart, which do you think is more intriguing for subscribers: free shipping or a special offer?
Apparently, "special offer" is more interesting. It's even better if you use "coupon," but the best carrot to dangle in front of your customers is the term "chance to save." This saw a 17.2% average open rate, compared to the 14.3% open rate from "free shipping" or even the 13.3% open rate for the popular "% off" (regardless of the size of the % discount).
More specific special offerings like "BOGO" perform less well, coming in with the lowest average open rate at 12.9%.
Takeaway: Special offerings, like giving contacts a chance to save on their favorite products, or offering coupons or discount codes seem to be more intriguing in terms of open rates. It appears also, perhaps surprisingly, that "free shipping" and "BOGO" offers are not as interesting for customers as the ability to save money directly on a product or service.
Again: "what does it all mean, Basil?"
Let's look at the some key points and see what our analysis might imply:
Emails with 2-3 CTAs show the best click rates. Emails with more than 3 CTAs have the lower click rates
Generally, discounts offering 10%-25% off show better click rates than lower and higher % discounts
Nearly all of these point to a simple trend: after a certain sweet spot, the higher you go, the less you get. The higher your discounts go, the lower your click rate. The more CTAs you have, the worse your email performs. The longer your subject line, the lower your open rate.
The sweet spot here is critical, and it is relatively in the lower range. 2-3 CTAs are best, compared to five or more. 10%-25% off can lead to more clicks than 60%-70% off.
Other key points:
Subject lines offering special promotions with longer deadlines are less popular but have higher average open rates
It's more effective to use "special," "offer" and "early access" in your subject lines than "sale" — but you should most likely use them in combination
When talking about subject lines, the best thing to do is to test it out for yourself. The data here is an average of all campaigns sent over by Omnisend merchants in the BFCM 2020 period and they may not perform the same for you.
For that reason, we usually recommend merchants use A/B testing—send two versions of the subject line to two smaller sections of your subscriber list. The one that performs the best goes to your larger list.
Bernard Meyer
Bernard is the Director of Content at Omnisend, with a passion for good research, helping ecommerce businesses with their marketing automation needs, and beating absolutely everyone in Mario Kart 64.
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