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Coralogix Augments Indian Operation With AWS Server Support
By siliconindia | Thursday, 13 August 2020, 12:11 IST
The leading ML-powered log analytics and monitoring solution provider, Coralogix is planning a strategic expansion in India. The company's extending its Indian operation to offer local Amazon Web Services (AWS) regional server support and data storage capabilities to its customers. Through the data localization Coralogix intends to ease the process of customer's compliance requirements for India's new data privacy laws and enhance service performance. Alongside, the company is also setting up an onsite team to provide comprehensive sales and customer success support to India-based companies.
Ariel Assaraf, CEO & Co-Founder, Coralogix says, "With today's strategic move, we are proactively addressing new Indian data privacy laws scheduled to take effect in 2021 by providing Coralogix customers with a solution well ahead of most of our competitors." He adds, "When the new laws are enacted, we anticipate a profound sense of urgency for companies who fall under domestic compliance rules to store their data locally and avoid being penalized for non-compliance."
With the new laws and benefits of the company's expansion, the Cloud and SaaS technology companies that collect user data would be affected the most. Various regional brands operating within the industries have signed as Coralogix customers that include Jupiter Money, Postman, BookMyShow and many more.
Navdeep Manaktala, Director & Head, Startup Business, Asia-Pacific & Japan, AWS says, "We've been observing Coralogix expand into the Indian market for a while now and are happy to support them in taking their next step in offering regional AWS support. This will bring great value to our customers now that new data privacy laws are taking effect in India."
Infinity Labs Launches Next-Gen Secure SD-WAN Solutions
Palo Alto Networks Introduces Industry's Largest and Most Comprehensive Security Orchestration Marketplace

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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dr dud's dicta
Musings on archaeology and history and things
About Dr Dud
Dud's publications
300 [Spartans]: Hollywood fact or fiction?
April 26, 2015 July 11, 2015 / Mrs Dud	/ Leave a comment
Gerard Butler as King Leonidas of Sparta in 300
The 2014 film 300 relates to the tale of the 300 Spartans who fought and fell at the hands of the Persians. How much of the film was fiction? Well, the inclusion of the 'monster rhino' in the battle towards the end rather gave the answer to this question away! And the portrayal of Xerxes, the king of Persia, was a bit 'punk rock' to say the least. However, the film did have some truth in it – somewhere. What 'truth' of the conflict we may know comes from the 5th century BC Greek historian, Herodotus and his Histories.
Herodotus (485-425 BC)
The 300 Spartans (see also the rather less bloody-thirsty 1962 film version of that name) is about the Battle of Thermopylae ('The Hot Gates' in the film) which enjoyed a cameo role in the second Persian invasion of Greece in the 5th century BC. But that is not where it all began. The small island of Naxos in the Aegean is where it all began. During most of the 6th century BC (and before) Athens had been controlled by oligarchs – aristocratic families. Then around 510 BC, it became a democracy courtesy of a chap called Cleisthenes. The democratic rule spread among the colonies of Athens – except the island of Naxos. There the oligarchs hung onto power until they were finally thrown out by the democrats in 503 BC. And rightly so.
The less blood-thirsty 1962 film version of the events
That's when the trouble started. The Naxos oligarchs headed in search of sympathy to fellow Ionians (Greeks) on Miletus (Myletus) on the east coast of Persia (now Turkey). This place was governed by Aristagoras who sought assistance for his beleaguered oligarchs from Artaphernes, the Persian satrap of Sardis. Artaphernes saw '£ or $ signs' (actually darics) and control of Naxos ahead so he sent a Persian fleet to give Naxos a seeing-to. The Naxians were expecting the intrusion and defeated the Persian invaders.
Map of Aegean showing Naxos (centre)
Aristagoras panicked as he thought Artaphernes would be severely vexed and take it out on him, so he called for Athenian help. Cleisthenes sent a force and took Sardis but, hearing of a large Persian army heading their way, the Athenians hastened home. This was the Ionian revolt of 500 BC and the remaining Ionian fleet was defeated by the Persians at Lade off the coast of Miletus (see map) in 495 BC. So ended the revolt.
1st Persian invasion
Darius I, king of Persia was none too pleased with the Athenian interference and so began the 1st Persian invasion in 490 BC . Now, looking at the map below, who do you think is going to be victorious?
The Persian Empire is shaded brown. Greece is up there top left (in white) opposite Lydia – William Hill were offering odds 300 to 1 against a Greek victory
Darius' force, under Artaphernes and Datis, first overpowered Naxos (well, it started it) then landed at Marathon, on the Greek mainland (see 1st map above) with about 600 hundred ships and some 30,000 soldiers (estimates vary). There were only around 9,000 Athenians and 1,000 Plataeans opposing this Persian force. This is where the marathon runner comes in. He, Phidippides (or Philippides), was sent to summon Spartan assistance [1]. Unfortunately Sparta was otherwise engaged in a religious festival and declined the summons until the festival was over (in about 10 days). The battle could not wait that long but it is not entirely clear why the engagement then took place. The odds were certainly against the Greeks. Herodotus makes no mention of Persian cavalry, so one suggestion is that they (the cavalry) were embarking onto ships to sail around to attack an undefended Athens. The Athenian generals, Callimachus and Miltiades, took advantage and attacked the Persians whilst they were preoccupied with this manoeuvre. Whatever the strategies, the Athenians were victorious with only 192 losses (plus 11 Plataeans) to some 6,400 Persians. The Spartans turned up the next day! [2].
2nd Persian invasion
After Darius' death, his son Xerxes decided that it was time the Greeks were punished for their audacity at Marathon. In 481 BC he set out with another vast army of possibly 150,000 men (we don't know the exact figure), under Mardonius. In fact, there were two Persian forces – one travelling by land and one by sea. The latter sailed towards Athens and the former came around the mainland and crossed the Hellespont by way of a 'bridge' of ships – the first was destroyed by storm but Xerxes persevered and built another. Then the land force marched into Greece and headed for Thermopylae.
Xerxes' bridge of ships across the Hellespont
At Thermopylae, in 480 BC, Xerxes came up against Leonidas, king of Sparta, along with 300 Spartans, 4,500 Peloponnesians, 1,000 Phocians and 1,000 Lacedacmonians. For several days Leonidas held the pass at Thermopyae to allow the remaining Greeks to gather forces to defend Athens. Eventually, a treacherous Malian, Ephilialtes, led 10,000 of Xerxes 'immortals' (his top soldiers – sort of ninjas in the film) around a goats' path in the mountains and came up behind the Spartans. Leonidas had been aware of this track and had position the Phocians to defend it but they were surprisingly surprised by the Persians and fled. Great! (Leonidas had sent the other Greeks away by now realising his task was doomed and was just a delaying tactic). Leonidas and his fellow Spartans were all killed at Thermopylae (all except one, Aristodemus who let the field with an eye infectious – bless – but you knew that if you had seen the film [3]) and Xerxes marched into Attica and to Athens.
Persian routes 480 BC
Xerxes entered Athens unobstructed and burned the city to the ground. Believing the Athenians to be in a state of despondency he then attacked their fleet in the Salamis. To his surprise the Athenians were ready and waiting for him. Themistocles was able to keep the Athenian fleet together, engaging the enemy within a confined space, cancelling out the Persian superior number advantage (3:1 advantage over the Greeks – even though a large portion of the Persian fleet had been destroyed by storm on route to Athens – just not their day!). The Greek ships, although smaller in size were less crowded and more skilfully managed. This resulted in the defeat of the Persian fleet, watched by the anxious Xerxes. Retreating Persian ships collided with each other and those soldiers/sailors that managed to escape sought refuge on Psyttaleia, the only Persian occupied island in the vicinity. The Athenian, Aristides, was able to land on the island and disposed of these survivors. As with the previous invasion, Greek loses were small compared to the enormous loses from the Persian camp. A touch of deja vu for the Persians. The Persian land force under Mardonius was finally defeated at the battle of Plataea in Boeotia by the Greeks under Pausanias (not the Greek traveller – he was much later, in 2nd century AD). Plataea, although the major victory by the Greeks over the Persians, does not get the same press as Thermopylae as it does not conjure up the same heroic imagination as Leonidas and the 300 Spartans. Such is life ….. or death.
Leonidas, king of Sparta
Statue of Leonidas at Thermopylae – the mountains in the background show the barrier the Persians were up against
The remainder of the Persian fleet was destroyed at Mycale, in the eastern Aegean, rumoured (by Herodotus) to have taken place on the same day as the battle at Plataea. It was, in fact, a battle on land not sea, as the Persians, worried about their naval defeat at Salamis, beached their ships at Mycale and awaited the Greeks. The ensuing fight resulted in the total destruction of the Persian force, ending the Persian threat against the Grecian states …….. all because of Naxos.
So all's well that ends well …… if you were Greek. Under Pericles, Athens went on to build the Parthenon and associated buildings on the Acropolis as a result of Xerxes' destruction of the city. This, of course, led on to another battle – that of the 'Elgin' Marbles (sorry Greek Marbles) which is yet undecided (see post in February).
[1] The actual marathon running race was introduced to the first modern Olympics Games in 1896. It gets its length of 26 miles (around 40 km) from the distance from Marathon to Athens – the other story is that the runner ran this route to announce the Athenian victory at Athens, then dropped dead. The distance from Marathon to Sparta is 150 miles (240 km) which is pushing it a bit even for an Olympic race, so the Marathon-Athens story is the link the Olympic 'authorities' stick to.
[2] Whilst visiting Athens in 1972, I dragged my parents and brother to the Marathon site. There is just a mound and a monument there. "We've all this way for this!" complained my brother.
[3] In fact, Herodotus tells us that two were sent away with eye infections but one, Eurytus, returned to the battle and his death.
17th century British Travellers to Crete
April 20, 2015 July 13, 2015 / Mrs Dud	/ 2 Comments
I have introduced you to some early British travellers to Crete (Spratt and Pashey in the 19th century, Pococke in the 18th century – see January posts) but now let's go back even further to the 17th century and give you a taster of a couple of others.
William Lithgow (1582-1645)
Although the son of a wealthy burgess and educated at Lanark grammar school, Lithgow was not destined to be a scholar. Possibly to escape the ill-treatment by his brothers, he chose to travel and earn a living from his writings. He visited Crete in 1609 and recorded his travels in his Painefull Peregrinations (1632) but his tales and experiences on the island are mainly of woe. On his very first day he was robbed and nearly killed; he then rescued a French slave only to be chased and nearly slain by the slave's 'owners'; he was nearly bitten by three snakes having been led to believe that no such venomous reptiles could live on the island; and was to be the near-victim of an Englishman's desire for the revenge of his brother killed at the hands of a Scotsman (Lithgow was a Scot). His action-filled narrative is somewhat exaggerated at times and it is never very clear which incidents, if any, are actually invented.
Lithgow dressed as a Turk whilst at 'Troy' (well, Old Illium)
He was disappointed with Greece having believed it to be a land of heroes now subdued by the Ottoman Turks and the same could apply to his view of Crete. He commented (keeping his early spelling):
"In all this countrey of Greece I could finde nothing to answer the famous relations, given by auncient Authors, of the excellency of the land, but the name onely; the barbarousnesse of Turkes and Time, having defaced all the Monuments of Antiquity: No shew of honour, no habitation of men in an honest fashion, nor possessours of the Countrey in a Principality. But rather prisoners shut up in prisons, or addicted slaves to cruell and tyrannicall Maisters."
Title page to his 1632 book
If you go back to one of my June posts, you'll see my reference to the labyrinth at Gortyns. Lithgow was there and he saw the entrance into 'the labyrinth of Daedalus' but did not venture into the cavern: "… I would gladly have better viewed, but because we had no candle-light we durst not enter, for there are many hollow places within it. So that if a man stumble or fall he can hardly be rescued." He positioned it "on a face of a little hill, joining with Mount Ida, having many doors and pillars." This must have been the site at Gortyns which is in the south east foothills of the Mount Ida range.
Lithgow and his attendant
In his Travelers to an Antique Land (1993), Robert Eisner said of Lithgow's writing, "he does not, as they say in creative-writing curricula, bring scenes alive, but instead summarizes, ignores the particulars of the ruins he visits, generalizes, adds historical commentary, and then digresses." In fact, his description of his fifty-eight days, travelling four hundred miles, is exceedingly brief and uninformative as far as any information regarding the island historically. His work was entertaining but not offering much to the learned traveller. But there we go, can't all be perfect.
George Sandys (1578-1644)
Son of an Archbishop of York, Sandys was educated at Oxford as a gentleman of the University at the age of 11 in 1589, entering St Mary's Hall but soon after transferring to Corpus Christi. He 'grew into a gentleman famed for his learning in Classics and foreign languages.' He was, as were several of his brothers and cousins, admitted to membership of Middle Temple (see one of my December posts) but he was not Called to the Bar as a barrister. Then, he would have had to have trained as a clerk for seven years but it appeared that he left after about a year to marry Elizabeth Norton. His uncle, Myles Sandys, was Treasurer of Middle Temple from 1588-1595. He travelled to Crete two years after Lithgow, in 1611.
R.B. Davis (George Sandys, poet-adventurer: a study in Anglo-American culture in the seventeenth century, 1955) was of the opinion that Sandys did not actually visit Crete, "the ship did not put into any port on Crete, though Sandys does describe country dancing on the island as though he had seen it." Davis possibly took this view because Sandys' brief but stylistic report on the island made several references to ancient sources but no mention of visiting any sites or actually landing on the island. Sandys said he was "Much becalmed, and not seldom crossed by contrary winds … until we approached the South-east of Candy, called formerly Creta."
Replica of 17th century Dutch East India Company ship – in search of Crete(?)
However, Sandys must have gone the island as, in his book, A Relation of a Journey Begun An. Dom 1610 … etc (1615), he described certain specific areas, such as Mount Ida and Gortyns and its labyrinth. He visited the labyrinth in 1611 but was a little vague as to whether it was actually at Knossos or Gortyns, although his reference to Ida would imply Gortyns as (as mentioned above) the latter is in the foothills of the former:
"For between where once stood Gortina and Gnossos at the foot of Ida, under the ground are many Meanders hewn out of rock turning this way & now that way … But by most this is thought to have been a quarry where they had the stone that built both Gnossos and Gortina being forced to leave such walls for the support of the roof, and by following of the veines to make it so intricate."
Entrance to Gortyns Labyrinth around the 18th/19th century
Warren believed that Sandys was the first investigator of the cave when he remarked, "Sandys appears as the first British traveller actually to enter the Labyrinth." Warren obviously didn't count Lithgow's visit in 1609 as he didn't go into the cave (and rightly so – can't get credit for doing things by halves).
Sandys' references to other sites are rather limited and Warren's comment of Sandys leaving a "full description of Crete in his book of 1615, packed with Classical scholarship and ancient history …" is somewhat of an exaggeration. He was certainly interested in Classical literature, having translated Ovid's Metamorphoses and Book One of Virgil's Aeneid, but of his travels, generally, he had little to say of antiquities, being more interested in mythology.
Mythology of Theseus and the Minotaur in the Cretan labyrinth
Artemus Smith's Notebooks
I have now come to the end of my research of the notebooks of Dr Artemus Smith, archaeologist of great courage, determination and fiction. Here is the last extract:
I was obliged to write a reference for a member of my archaeological unit. It read as follows:
Casper Dempsey-Smythe can always be found
hard at work. He works independently, without
wasting the unit's time talking to colleagues. He never
thinks twice about assisting a fellow employee, and always
finishes given assignments on time. Often he takes extended
measures to complete his work, sometimes skipping coffee
breaks. He is a dedicated individual who has absolutely no
vanity in spite of his high accomplishments and profound
knowledge in his field. I firmly recommend that he be
promoted to executive field officer, and a proposal will be
executed as soon as possible.
Addendum: The darn fool was standing over my shoulder whilst I wrote this reference, which I sent to you earlier today. Kindly re-read it, referring only to the odd numbered lines.
Travels in Crete 2: Bramber Tours
April 11, 2015 January 9, 2016 / Mrs Dud	/ 3 Comments
I FEAR the weekend interlude into historical trivia has, this week, been interrupted by my expedition to Crete. On such visits Sarah and I sometimes conduct a 'Bramber Tours' (that's what we call it) of a small portion of the island on behalf of whoever comes to join us – in this instance, John and Mavis. Our visitation was for ten days of which John & Mavis were with us for eight. We collected them from the airport at Heraklion and proceeded to the well-trawled Minoan site of Knossos (check out previous posts in June). The Bronze Age 'palace' of Knossos (c 1700-1450 BC) is situated just south of the airport and so is, of course, an essential first trip as it is probably the most famous site on the island (well, it is if you are interested in ancient history and/or archaeology). For April the weather was very agreeable, the sun revealing itself without interruption.
Knossos in the Central Court – the buildings are nearly all Sir Arthur Evans' reconstructions – to the left, the cult rooms (front walls are genuine Minoan); in the centre, Evans' staircase to his speculative first floor; and to the right (ground floor), the Throne Room
The 'Bramber Tours' itinerary for the week consisted of just three trips including the one to Knossos and two from Mochlos, the small village where we all stay (see end of May post last year – the part 1 of 'Travels in Crete'). The other two visitations were focused on such places tourists are less likely to visit – for reasons, usually, of their obscurity.
The first of these was the Richtis Waterfall. An impressive natural location if you can ever find it. The journey took us eastwards from Mochlos to Exo Mouliana. Here we turned off the village at a sign 'Richtis Beach' (which you can only see coming from the other direction!) and drove down hairpin bends (John referred to it as a white-knuckle ride ….. but I knew what I was doing!!). After about 15 minutes we came to the beach – we ignored that (it's nothing very much) and turned right into a car park area for the waterfall (although you wouldn't know it was for the waterfall). Some common sense has to prevail to follow an 'almost' obvious path to the waterfall. It took us up and down a rocky terrain, through woodland, occasionally crossing very narrow but shallow parts of the river itself – so it is useful to wear shoes/sandals that you don't mind getting wet. The excursion through the 'enchanted forest' took about 40-45 minutes but depends upon how fast you are proceeding of course. The end result, when the waterfall reveals itself, is worth the effort. We concluded the day, still in glorious sunshine, with a beer or two back in Mochlos at Taverna Kochylia (see, again, end of May post last year).
Richtis Waterfall (some 30 m in height)
The next trip was up into the mountains from Karvousi, just west of Mochlos. Further hairpin bends were are encountered but the 'road' (you can just about call it that) is not too bad and, after turning left at the first fork, it leads to the 3000 year old olive tree of Vouves. This tree dates back to the Minoans and is still going strong. It cannot be exactly dated by radioisotopes because its heartwood (naturally occurring chemical transformation …. oh, look it up) has been lost over the years but has been roughly dated by its size and general annual ring growth. This makes it approximately 2000 years but scientists from the University of Crete date it around 4000 years old (well, better for tourism). Anyway, let's split the difference at 3000 years (which seems to be the general consensus of opinion). In 2009 it was declared a protected natural monument and was classed as 'monumental' by the Association of Cretan Olive Municipalities due to the large size of its trunk. The trunk has a perimeter of 12.5 m (41 ft) and a diameter of 4.6 m (15 ft).
'3000' year old olive tree
Different view of '3000' year old olive tree (not my photo but gives you a better idea of scale)
Part of this same trip was the Late Minoan IIIC site of Vronda (okay, that's four trips in all). We returned to the fork (mentioned above), and took the right turn and on up into the mountain. The Minoans headed into the hills after the invasion of the Mycenaeans from mainland Greece around 1450 BC and this is one such site in which they settled. It is interesting to wonder how they actually got there as it's hard enough by car! The rocky 'road' (you can hardly call it that now) is a somewhat difficult terrain to travel. I recall the last time I did it was in a four-wheel drive jeep – much more sensible than a Toyota saloon weighed down by four people. To make matters worse I missed the site and carried on up the 'road' that became less and less agreeable. Realising my error it was time to turn back. Well, that was easier said than done on this narrow track. Fortunately I found a small inlet to enable me to carry out the manoeuvre but not before all three of my passengers decided to exit the vehicle and volunteer to walk back down the rubbled pathway to the sought-after Minoan settlement.
Most of Vronda is very late Minoan, 1200-1025 BC (the 'IIIC' part of Late Minoan above) and has a fair share of hearth and oven occupied buildings and several small tholos tombs (see those of Mycenae in one of last July's post). The pattern of buildings suggests the nuclear family as a basic social unit with each family cooking and eating together in large rooms. So now you know.
Vronda – large building with hearth in the middle
Vronda tholos tomb entrance (centre) with lintel above
The day was completed with a visit to the Tholos beach down from Kavousi so John could go for a swim before embarking back to Mochlos and Taverna Kochylia for another beer or two (sound familiar?).
Tholos beach, Kavousi
From Mochlos – I forget which evening this was but the full moon delighted us by rising up from behind the hills
I continue my research of the notebooks of Dr Artemus Smith, archaeologist of great courage, determination and fiction. Here is another extract:
I decided to introduce a very good friend of mine to my wife the other day and so took him home, unannounced, for dinner at 6:30 pm, after work.
My wife was not impressed. She screamed her head off while my friend sat open-mouthed and listened to the tirade which (cutting it a little short) went a follows ….
"My hair and makeup are not done. The house is a mess and the dishes are still in the sink. Can't you see I'm still in my pajamas and I certainly can't be bothered with cooking tonight! Why the heck did you bring him home unannounced you darned fool?"
I replied with the truth, "Because he's thinking of getting married."
Charles I – above the Law?
April 4, 2015 December 4, 2015 / Mrs Dud	/ Leave a comment
SHOULD Charles I have been tried by a Court of Law or is the Monarch above the law? His trial – well, it wasn't much of a trial – in January 1649 lasted three days, but not three full days; it was a bit of a non-event actually. Basically he refused to enter a plea against the charges arguing that 'the Court' had no authority to charge him as he was top dog being king. Today, if you refuse to enter a plea it is assumed you are saying you are not guilty and the State (aka the Crown Prosecution) must prove you 'done it'. In the days of Charley boy, in the 17th century, it was the reverse – if you didn't enter a plea it was assumed you were guilty.
Charley boy (1600-1649)
The Court in question was the High Court of Justice (not the same High Court as we have today) sitting at Westminster Hall. The judges were the Parliamentary Commission and its President was John Bradshaw who did most of the talking (when the king wasn't). Bradshaw was a barrister, called to the Bar at Grays Inn (one of the Inns of Court – see my previous blog in December on another one, Middle Temple). The prosecution was led by John Cook, also a barrister from Grays Inn, and it was his task to read out the charges. He would then have had to prove the case against Charles but that was to be unnecessary as Charles saved him the bother.
John Bradshaw (1602-1659)
The trial began on the afternoon of Saturday 20th January. Cook was continually interrupted by the king in his attempts to read out the charges. Cook: "My Lord, on behalf of the [House of] Commons of England and of all the people thereof, I do accuse Charles Stuart here present of high treason and high misdemeanours, and I do, in the name of the Commons of England, desire the charge may be read unto him." As Cook was about to read the charges, Charles tapped him with his silver-headed cane, saying, "Hold on." Cook declined to hold on but, instead, carried on reading the charges. 'Tap, tap'. Cook ignored the tapping. 'Tap, tap' – then the silver head of the cane fell off. Cook ignored it and continued reading. It's a bit like a comedy show……. Then Bradshaw gave the king a telling off, insisting that the charges had to be read without further interruption. Charles obeyed like a good little king.
'Fictitious portrait called John Cook' by Robert Cooper
When the charges had been completed the king was ask how he pleaded to them. He simply replied, "I would know by what power I am called hither. I would know by what authority, I mean lawful… Remember I am your King." He rattled on a bit more but basically he was saying that this Court had no authority to try him.
Bradshaw responded, "In the name of the people of England, of which you are elected king." Ooooops, mistake. Charles came back, "England was never an elective Kingdom, but a hereditary Kingdom for near these thousand years." This went on awhile – same questions on authority by Charles, same answers by Bradshaw. Eventually Bradshaw called an end to the proceedings and adjourned the Court until Monday, at which time he hoped the king would answer the charges. Well, Monday came and went with the same results – the king demanding on whose authority was he being charged and Bradshaw responding with "We are satisfied with our authority…They [the members of Commission] sit here by the authority of the Commons of England." Charles objected, "The Commons was never a Court of Judicature, I would know how they came to be so." Whoa, good point Charley; indeed, the House of Commons was not a Court but Parliament was (and the Commons is part of Parliament). Anyway, stalemate. So Bradshaw adjourned again to the next day to give the king one last chance. Tuesday came and Charles didn't relent on his point of view so Bradshaw, along with his fellow judges, treated his obstinacy as a guilty plea.
Charles (sitting, wearing hat, with back to you) in 'the dock' at Westminster Hall
On the 27th January, the Commissioners (68 of them) reassembled to pass sentence. It was at this stage that Charles attempted to refute the allegations made against him, saying, "I would desire only one word before you give sentence; and that is that you would hear me concerning those great imputations that you have laid to my charge." A bit late now – and Bradshaw told him so. The clerk (possibly Andrew Broughton) rose to his feet and began reading the Commissioners' decision, "Charles Stuart, as a Tyrant, Traitor, Murderer and public enemy, shall be put to death, by the severing his head from his body." Again the king tried to speak but was told he could not be heard after sentence. On the 30th January 1649 the king was executed. Regicide rules OK.
The idea of criminal law in the UK is that we are judged by our equals. Hence judgements by members of the public (generally) in the Magistrates Court (magistrates are not lawyers, they are members of the public) and likewise with juries (12 members of the public) in the Crown Court (what do you mean you don't know about these courts? – to be enlightened, click here). And 'in the 'good old days' aristocratic peers (Lords) had to be tried by the House of Lords. So who is equal to the Monarch to try him/her? Is the Monarch above the law? Obviously not in the 17th century. It hadn't been tried (excuse the pun) before or since.
John Bradshaw died in 1659, aged 57. Charles II came to the throne in 1660 and the following year, on 30th January, the 12th anniversary of his father's execution, he had Bradshaw's and Oliver Cromwell's (he had died in 1658) remains exhumed and displayed in chains at the gallows at Tyburn where official hangings took place. The following day, their heads were put on spikes outside Westminster Hall and their bodies thrown into a common pit. Charles also had his father's prosecutor, John Cook, put on trial for high treason for which he was found guilty and hung, drawn and quartered. There's justice for you.
I met my good friend Dr Armani Haberdasher the other day. He said his wife had been complaining about him going to the pub every night so she decided to join him. When they arrived he asked her what she would like to drink. Not being much of a drinker she said she didn't know so would have whatever he was having. He ordered two whiskeys. When they arrived he knocked his back in one. She took a sipped and exclaimed, "Aaaagh, that's horrible!"
He turned to her and said, "Well there you go. And you thought I was down here enjoying myself every night."
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Home > Projects > Caulfield Station Precinct
Caulfield Station Precinct
Pre-planning & project scoping
May - June 2018
Vision and key directions
Community and Stakeholder summary published
Background Report Preparation
Community engagement for Key Ideas
Preparation of a draft structure plan
Finalise plan
View supporting documentation
Ammar Habasch
Senior Strategic Planner
ammar.habasch@vpa.vic.gov.au
ken.nguyen@vpa.vic.gov.au
Caulfield Racecourse Reserve Trust
Glen Eira City Council
Stonnington City Council
Monash University (Caulfield)
Melbourne Racing Club
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Caulfield Station Precinct Structure Plan
Located 10km southeast of Melbourne's CBD within the municipality of Glen Eira, the Caulfield Station Precinct is centred around Caulfield Train Station and bounded by Kambrook Road to the west, Queens Avenue to the east, Dandenong Road to the north and Neerim Road to the south.
This precinct includes Caulfield Racecourse Reserve, Monash University's Caulfield campus, Glen Eira College, Derby Road shopping strip, Caulfield Village, Glen Huntly Park and East Caulfield Recreation Reserve as well as housing and industrial land.
The VPA is leading the preparation of a structure plan for the Caulfield Station Precinct, working in partnership with Glen Eira City Council, Stonnington City Council, the Caulfield Racecourse Reserve Trust (CRRT) and Department of Transport (DoT).
This plan is being developed following a number of phases of community and stakeholder engagement and opportunities for community input.
Community & stakeholder engagement (2019)
We prepared a 'Key Ideas' report envisioning how the precinct will develop into the future based on community feedback from 2018 and our preliminary analysis of the area.
Click here to view the report.
In November 2019, the Caulfield community gave us feedback on the Key Ideas report and shared their priorities for the future of the Caulfield Station Precinct. We will provide a summary of what we heard, in early 2020.
The VPA is now considering the feedback received and is working on a draft Structure Plan for the precinct.
Previous Community & stakeholder engagement (2018)
You can read about the outcomes of this phase of community engagement in the Community and Stakeholder Engagement Summary (Vision and Key Directions) report here.
Where is the Caulfield Station Precinct and what does it include?
This precinct includes Caulfield Racecourse Reserve, Monash University's Caulfield campus, Glen Eira College, Derby Road shopping strip, Caulfield Village, Glen Huntly Park and East Caulfield Recreation Reserve as well as existing and new housing and industrial land.
Why is government undertaking planning for this precinct?
With strong transport links – including a train station with multiple train lines, a bus interchange, tram line and major freeway – and key attractions such as a Monash University campus and Caulfield Racecourse Reserve, the precinct is well placed to attract future investment and visitors.
The site is identified as an Education Precinct in Plan Melbourne 2017-2050, the city's metropolitan strategy, due to Monash University's Caulfield campus and is recognised in local and state policy as a location that can support additional housing, employment and recreational facilities.
Government is undertaking long-term planning for this precinct to maximise the opportunities that come with population growth and investment for the community and to fully realise the potential of this place.
What is a structure plan and how is it proposed to be implemented?
A structure plan is a land use plan that sets a long-term vision for how the area will develop in the future. These plans provide certainty for community members and developers about what change is expected in an area and can respond to matters including but not limited to land use and development, transport and parking, building and urban design, heritage, character, employment, open spaces, and infrastructure provision. The intention is for the structure plan to be implemented through a planning scheme amendment.
How will impacts on local heritage be considered?
The precinct includes a number of sites on the Victorian Heritage Registrar and of local heritage significance within the Glen Eira Planning Scheme. The structure planning process will consider existing local character and heritage.
How will existing trees and vegetation be considered?
The precinct includes a number of large trees and areas of vegetation that support local biodiversity. An arborist report and biodiversity assessment will identify sites of significance or trees for protection.
What is the timeframe for the structure plan?
A draft structure plan is anticipated to be prepared in 2019.
What is the proposed building height for redevelopment within the area?
At this stage of the planning process, we have identified opportunity sites that may be able to be better utilised for other purposes such as commercial/mixed use, residential, community, racing and events and education.
The VPA is engaging urban designers to investigate precinct character; appropriate building heights and density for redevelopment; and how new buildings should interact with the surrounding residential interfaces.
What is a Strategic Cycling Corridor (SCC)?
SCCs are a subset of the Principal Bicycle Network, which is a network of cycle routes to help people to ride to major destinations around Melbourne. SCC are developed to improve cycling to an around major activity centres in metropolitan Melbourne and will typically be selected on the basis of providing links to a 'National Employment Cluster' or a 'Major Activity Centre' and are routes that cater for the highest, or potentially highest, cycling volumes.
How will my input be used?
Feedback from the Phase 1 and 2 of community engagement will inform a draft structure plan for the Caulfield Station Precinct which the VPA will prepare in partnership with Glen Eira City Council and key stakeholders. The community will be given the opportunity to provide further feedback in future.
What further community consultation is planned?
The Victorian Planning Authority and Glen Eira City Council will seek further community input into the structure plan for the precinct in 2020. The Caulfield Racecourse Reserve Trust has advised that it will also seek further community input to inform the preparation of a Land Management Plan for the reserve.
How will you keep me informed about the process?
If you would like to be kept informed about the process, please register your details in the Subscribe Now section to the right hand side of this page.
What were the outcomes of the Phase 1 community engagement?
Phase 1 community engagement consisted of a community visioning workshop, online survey, intercept surveys and targeted stakeholder meetings to inform the community of the planning process for the precinct and to seek views and input into the future planning of the area. The engagement took place between May and June 2018, with the visioning workshop on 20 June 2018.
Six key directions which will guide the structure plan and future development of the precinct emerged from the engagement comprising:
Become an activated 24/7 destination for Melbourne's South East
Caulfield Station as the heart and gateway to the precinct
The university is well integrated into the precinct and brings life and activity
Improvement of the streetscape amenity and places to meet and socialise
Redefine pedestrian friendly spaces, cycle and vehicle movement
The racecourse reserve is opened up for recreation and civic uses in addition to world-class horse-racing events
You can read about the outcomes of this phase of community engagement in the Community Engagement Summary (Vision and Key Directions) report here. Feedback from the Phase 1 community engagement, along with the VPA's preliminary analysis of the area, has been used to inform the 'Key Ideas' report (released October 2019).
How will input from Phase 2 community engagement be used?
The purpose of Phase 2 community engagement is to test the key ideas for the precinct; understand the community's initial thoughts on the potential changes within the area; and identify if there is anything missed from the Key Ideas report. Outcomes from this phase of engagement will assist with the VPA in preparing a draft Caulfield Station Precinct Structure Plan in the coming months.
How is government planning for this precinct and who is leading this process?
The Minister for Planning has directed the Victorian Planning Authority (VPA) to prepare a structure plan for the precinct, in partnership with Glen Eira City Council, Stonnington City Council and state government agencies.
What agencies are involved in the process, and what are their respective roles in relation to the precinct?
The Victorian Planning Authority is a State Government statutory authority that reports to the Minister for Planning and is leading the preparation of a structure plan for the precinct.
Caulfield Racecourse Reserve Trust (CRRT) is established under the Caulfield Racecourse Reserve Act 2017 with responsibility for planning, development, management, operation, care, promotion and use of the Reserve for racing, recreation and public park purposes plan.
Glen Eira City Council is the planning authority for the precinct, responsible for facilitating amendments to the Glen Eira Planning Scheme and for issuing planning permits. Council is working with the VPA on the preparation of a structure plan by providing input as part of a project steering group.
Stonnington City Council is the adjoining Council, responsible for issuing planning permits on land to the north of Dandenong Road and is providing input into the preparation of the structure plan through the project steering group.
Department of Transport is a state government agency responsible for planning for the future of the metropolitan transport network and is taking a leading role in the transport planning component of the structure plan.
Who are the Melbourne Racing Club?
The Melbourne Racing Club has operated racing and training activities at Caulfield racecourse since 1876.
You can read more about the MRC here.
Who is the Caulfield Racecourse Reserve Trust and what is their role?
The Caulfield Racecourse Reserve Trust is established under Part 2 of the Caulfield Racecourse Reserve Act 2017 (the Act) to manage Caulfield Racecourse Reserve for racing, recreation and public park purposes.
The Trust is chaired by Mr Sam Almaliki and comprises six other members, who bring a diverse range of experience in land management, planning, business administration and community participation.
These members are Danni Hunter, Greg Sword, Peter Watkinson, Joanne Butterworth-Gray, Julie Busch and David Mandel.
The functions of the Trust are:
responsibility for the planning, development, management, operation and use of the Reserve for purposes of racing, recreation and public park
financial management of the reserve
acting as a committee of management under the Crown Land (Reserves Act) 1978.
The Trust is preparing a Land Management Plan for the Reserve as per the Act. This plan will include a statement of objectives and directions for the promotion, management and use and development of the reserve for racing, recreation and public park purposes. The Act requires that the Trust consult with all relevant ministers, the public and stakeholders before formalising the plan.
What are the Melbourne Racing Club lease arrangements at Caulfield Racecourse Reserve?
In 2018 the Victorian Government approved a long-term lease with Melbourne Racing Club to secure horse racing at Caulfield Racecourse Reserve for another 65 years. As part of the lease arrangements, horse training at Caulfield Racecourse Reserve will be relocated over a five-year phase-out period. This will result in increased community access to the centre of the reserve, making more land available for recreation and other activities for longer periods of the day.
What is the Caulfield Racecourse Reserve Trust's future vision for the Caulfield Racecourse Reserve?
The Caulfield Racecourse Reserve Trust has identified a vision for the Caulfield Racecourse Reserve as follows:
'The Caulfield Racecourse Reserve is the centre of community life. It is a community and events destination of state significance. It is also one of the premier thoroughbred racing venues in Australia. It is an accessible, vibrant, flexible and inclusive space within the broader Caulfield precinct. Welcome to the Caulfield Racecourse Reserve – a place for everyone'
How do the Melbourne Racing Club's plans for new racing facilities at Caulfield fit with the structure planning process?
The Melbourne Racing Club has developed a long-term vision for Caulfield Racecourse Reserve that includes significant financial investment and a proposal to upgrade facilities and infrastructure on land within their lease area.
Any changes to the reserve would be subject to normal planning processes and approvals and would be considered by the Caulfield Racecourse Reserve Trust . The VPA will continue to work with the Trust, Glen Eira and Stonnington City Councils, Monash University, landowners and government agencies to ensure planning for the reserve is integrated into planning for the broader Caulfield station precinct.
What else is happening in the area?
What is planned for Caulfield Station and will an upgrade be delivered through this process?
As part of the Dandenong Rail Corridor upgrade, the existing station platforms at Caulfield Station will be extended to support new high capacity trains. High capacity trains will progressively enter the network from 2019. The Metro Tunnel project is due for completion in 2025 and will deliver a faster connection to the CBD from Caulfield Station. This project will increase the importance of Caulfield Station as an interchange and a destination station.
The redevelopment of Caulfield Station is not in the scope of this project. Any feedback in relation to the station or the network however will be provided to Department of Transport (DoT) for consideration in future network planning
What is a land management plan?
The Caulfield Racecourse Reserve Trust will prepare a land management plan for the racecourse reserve as per the Caulfield Racecourse Reserve Act 2017 (The Act). This plan will include a statement of objectives and directions for the promotion, management and use and development of the reserve for racing, recreation and public park purposes. The Act requires that the trust consult with all relevant ministers, the public and stakeholders before formalising the plan.
How is the Caulfield racecourse reserve being used currently?
Caulfield racecourse reserve was originally established in 1879 for three purposes – racing, recreation and public park purposes. The reserve is used for a number of different activities such as raceday activities, training tracks and facilities, community and commercial events, car parking, public access for recreation as well as water catchment and storage areas.
What is planned at Monash University?
Monash University continues to invest in Caulfield as its second largest campus, completing major refurbishment projects such as the library, Monash Business School and Monash Connect. The university has an aspiration to increase teaching space at the site and improve connections to the surrounding area at Sir John Monash Drive and Derby Road to enhance the campus' role as a major focal point for the wider community.
What is planned for the tram line from Caulfield to Clayton
The state government announced in April 2018 that $3 million would be allocated in the 2018-19 budget for planning and design of a future tram route connecting Caulfield with Chadstone and the Monash University campus at Clayton. Planning and design is underway on the link, and any implications of this study will be considered as part of the structure plan when available.
What is planned for Derby Road shopping strip?
Derby Road will continue to be an important shopping strip serving the local community.
What is planned for Glen Eira College?
State government has invested over $8.55million into the redevelopment and refurbishment of Glen Eira College. This upgrade included refurbishing learning spaces and the sports centre with a full-sized gymnasium.
What is Caulfield Village?
Caulfield Village is a mixed use development to the north of Station Street that will provide over 1500 apartments, a new town square, retail centre and upgrades to local road network.
Stage 1 'Caulfield Heath' has been completed.
What is planned for horse training and stabling areas including the land owned by the Melbourne Racing Club?
The area of freehold land owned by the MRC to the western edge of the reserve is currently used for training and stables. As horse training is planned to relocate by 2023, this land is included in the structure plan study area to be considered as part of the planning process.
Harnessing opportunities in the Caulfield Station Precinct
The Victorian Government is looking to residents, students and wider community members to share their […]
Caulfield Station Precinct - Key Ideas
Caulfield Precinct - Location and Context map
Key Ideas Map 1 - Improved Use of Land
PNG Version
Key Ideas map 2 - Improved Accessibility and Movement
Key Ideas map 3 - Quality & Site-Responsive Built form
Key Ideas map 4 - Vibrant Public Spaces
Community visioning workshop presentation (20 June 2018)
Caulfield Station Precinct - Engagement Summary (August 2018)


In 2001, a group of Eritrean Muslims gathered in Toronto, Canada to discuss how they could contribute to organizing and empowering the Eritrean Muslim community in North America. They believed in preserving the cultural and Islamic heritage of our community and in facilitating cooperation and collaboration between all the local Eritrean Muslim community organizations in North America and elsewhere. After about a year long discussion, the Eritrean Muslims Council was created, to be officially launched a year later at a general conference in Washington, DC.
To build and preserve a spiritually and culturally rooted, socially responsible, health conscious and financially developed Eritrean Muslim Community.
The Eritrean Muslims Council is governed by a Board of Directors whose members are elected at the annual convention. The Board is EMC's highest authority in-between conventions. The Board develops and approves all EMC's policies, activities and projects. The Board elects a team of executive officers, referred to as the Executive Committee, from among its members to serve for a period of one year. The executives committee implements projects and activities approved by the Board.
Hobbies: I love to travel and do spontaneous things like jet skiing, parasailing, kayaking, etc. Have not done any of them yet but insha Allah that will soon change! I also love to play random games of sports like volleyball and flag football.
Local Community: I'm from Brampton, Ontario (Canada) and I was born in Toronto.
EMC Project Involvement (Past & Present): This is my first year being involved with EMC projects. Since being on the board I"ve worked on the EMC Goes to College Campaign.
Hobbies: I love to read, watch television, and review them both. I"m also a beginner at tae kwon do.
Local Community: From Orange County, California, Anaheim to be specific. It's Located next to Los Angeles California for those you who don't know.
EMC Project Involvement (Past & Present): This is my first year participating on EMCY projects. Currently, I am working on the EMC goes to college forum and the EMC youth program for the annual convention.
HobbiesI have a passion for sports, basketball and soccer are my favorites. I also love a range of other things, from music to movies to video games.
Hobbies I love snowboarding. I played for the school basketball and soccer teams. I love to draw and paint, as well as read books.
EMC stands for Eritrean Muslims Council. It is a community organization that aims to connect and empower Eritrean Muslims.
The organization was formally launched during a two-day conference on July 19-20, 2003, in Alexandria, Virginia.
How do I become a member of EMC?
Anyone who is Eritrean and a Muslim can be a member of EMC. Go to www.erimc.org and complete the membership form.
How can I find out more about EMC's projects and/or committees?
Many EMC projects are listed on the EMC website. If you want additional information or would like to begin a new project, please contact EMC by using the contact us link.
How are EMC projects funded? Are all EMC transactions open to the membership and easily accessible?
All EMC projects are specifically funded and supported by voluntary participation and donations for that specific project. Any member can request access to EMC transactions and other pertinent information.
Who finances the activities of EMC?
EMC members voluntarily donate to support the various activities and programs the organization holds at a local and national level.
No, we do not accept any financial help, unless it is requested and tagged for a specific project.
What is the EMC Annual Convention?
Is EMC a political party?
No, and we do not plan to be one in the future either. Our focus is strictly on building up our capacity as community.
What is EMC's relationship with other community organizations?
EMC strives to forge partnerships and alliances with diverse community organizations that share the same values and principles as EMC.
Does EMC support or oppose the Eritrean Government?
EMC, as an organization, does not take a stand on opposing or supporting any political party or government. Its members, as any other Eritreans, are free to support or oppose a political party or government. The views of the members do not necessarily represent EMC"s views. However, EMC may on occasions take a stand on specific actions, incidents or laws anywhere that impact Eritrean Muslims.
What is EMC's relationship with Eritrean opposition organizations?
There are no relationships with opposition organizations. EMC functions as an independent community organization focused on strengthening Eritrean Muslim communities.
Become an active member of EMC, and participate in the projects and committees for the betterment of all Eritrean Muslims worldwide.


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Board index » Jersey City, NJ » Politics & Government » Wireless Internet - Steven Fulop
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justjoe
Muni-wide WifI attracts wierd objections
Last Login :
Municipal WiFi attracts weird, unfounded objections
See: Wifi Brain Damage?
Be sure to scroll down and read the comments. Don't order a tin hat until you know, "What's the frequency, Kenneth?"
super_furry
Perth Amboy's bid to go wireless
From Ward E - Hamilton Park
Perth Amboy's bid to go wireless a winning wager
Home News Tribune Online 03/22/08
Perth Amboy Mayor Joseph Vas announced an agreement this week that will convert the city into one of the nation's first digital wireless municipalities, a coup for this Colonial-age community celebrating its 325th year of existence.
Vas noted that no other New Jersey municipality he knows of has yet to take this step. Plenty are sure to follow, though, if the technology's advantages are as numerous as they appear. Perth Amboy stands to be a winner almost immediately in terms of simple convenience and cost.
Digital wireless microwave technology is what makes cell phones, pagers, wireless local area networks and global positioning satellites possible. Valued for its ability to transmit large volumes of information in a secure fashion with quality reception by stationary or remote receivers, digital wireless eliminates the need for land-line connections as a means of transmitting voice and digital data. Besides versatility and efficiency, costs compared to land lines are far lower as well.
The plan is to eventually construct a broad enough array of digital connections throughout Perth Amboy to create a wireless canopy over the entire city, enabling government and schools and residents to enjoy access to broadband services no matter where in Perth Amboy they might happen to be ? heady latest-technology stuff for a city whose roots go all the way to the nation's founding, a period when its Proprietary House served as home to the last royal governor of New Jersey, William Franklin, the son of Benjamin Franklin.
Ol' Ben, he of the lightning rod, inventor of bifocals, and creator of the odometer, would have brimmed with pride and no doubt amazement over these latest scientific advancements.
City Hall has enlisted the Breaker Group Inc., a digital wireless company based in Mount Holly, to perform the wireless integration in three stages. Initially, Perth Amboy will link its 18 municipal buildings and its public schools through wireless microwave, followed by an expansion to city businesses and redevelopment areas, capped at last by delivery of wireless connectivity to all of its residents.
The initial cost, including equipment, is an estimated $370,000, but Perth Amboy has been pledged $500,000 toward that bill by Morris Cos., the redeveloper of Amboy Corporate Center, offsetting any expense to taxpayers. Better yet, city government anticipates an approximate $10,000 monthly savings in communications infrastructure expenses once the network is up and running, a noteworthy financial bonus for taxpayers.
Perth Amboy is a city long in search of its economic footing, and major strides have been made in that direction in recent decades. This latest step toward the most modern of communication networks should greatly assist that push, not only by virtue of its promised savings to the city, but because of the distinct advantage it gives Perth Amboy in its quest to lure the next generation of cutting-edge industry.
More efficient operations and enhanced revenues: What more could Perth Amboy hope for?
http://www.thnt.com/apps/pbcs.dll/art ... /OPINION01/803220400/1079
Re: Ambitious plans for big Wi-Fi networks...are being abandoned or scaled back
thanx to super_furry for the article.
fine article but the slant strikes me as a tad negative. for balance you may want to also check out:
http://www.onthemedia.org/topics/the_internet/1 (see "cutting the cord")
http://www.news.com/Citywide-Wi-Fi-is ... /2100-7351_3-6209837.html
http://www.wired.com/techbiz/it/news/2007/09/muni_wifi
some impressions and questions:
-- seems like the earlier implementors have inadvertently pointed out the pitfalls so those who follow can avoid them.
-- some of the early business models seem poor.
-- municipal networks may be more technically practical to implement in 2008 than they were in 2004.
-- wifi based applications may be more attractive in 2008 than in 2004.
-- municipal networks may not lend themselves to a "big project" approach. a piecemeal approach based on building small pieces of the network at a time, each as part of a specific application with specific benefits may work better. applications aimed at solving specific problems may be fundable with resources available for addressing those problems.
-- using the network to improve efficiency or effectiveness of existing municipal services might be a good place to start.
-- should a municipal network be free of charge to the public? or just freely available and cheap? (perhaps low cost metered service so you can use only what you can afford, a bit like pay as you go cell phone service?)
-- it may make more sense to find ways of leveraging existing infrastructure wherever possible than to emphasize building new infrastructure.
-- some general governance issues may need to be addressed before the public is likely to have confidence in a project like this.
ianmac47
Re: Wireless Internet - Steven Fulop
From Mars
Did you just seriously quote a monument sign? Unfortunately I lack access to an academic database, and gleaning quotes off google news is not the same thing. But.. "In 1994, most people thought the Internet would be delivered into American homes via the TV. So the founding of Netscape in April that year and the Internet revolution it would help set off" http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/A ... ate:D&s_trackval=GooglePM "With the popularity of the Web rising, there are a lot of new and improved browsers out there. The November issue of NetGuide takes a look at some of the most popular ones, including one of the best known, Netscape Navigator" http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/A ... ate:D&s_trackval=GooglePM "Netscape is providing the business model for the new software industry. It won 70% of the browser market " http://www.businessweek.com/1995/49/b34532.htm "Netscape, on the other hand, is known by most people as the software used to navigate that part of the Internet called the World Wide We" cite: IBM LEARNS ITS SURE BET WITH LOTUS NOTES WASN'T SO SURE; Article is restricted, the quote appears here: http://news.google.com/archivesearch? ... &hl=en&um=1&sa=N&start=50
brewster wrote:
sinik wrote:
Functionally Netscape added very little or nothing so I don't see how it changed peoples ideas except those of people who had no previous notion of what a browser was.
Yes, exactly. Those people were the overwhelming majority, thus the perception of Netscape as "the first browser", regardless of it's little known predecessor.
I bolded the word changed. you cant change an idea that didnt previously exist.
We cant let the majority decide history, can we? Is it that democratic?
"The world's first popular graphical browser"
The important word there is "popular"
Edited by sinik on 2007/9/25 22:18:17
Netscape may have seemed a yawn to you, but people like you and I who ever used Mosaic are a very small minority. I'd bet most websurfers out there have never used anything but IE, never mind Netscape.
And I sat out the techstock boom, investing in real estate instead. I remember a broker friend at a Y2k new years party derisively knocking real estate's returns compared to tech stock. He lost everything but his condo. Buying rental RE in 1997 was the single best move of my life.
Hopefully, some people are getting exposure to Firefox, especially if they got burnt downloading the early versions of IE6 which was an attempt to catch up with Firefox and had to re-install the previous version and we cant forget about Safari for the Apple elite and people with iPhones. Firefox has about 15% market share, now.
Glad to hear you didnt lose your shirt on Netscape. I lost mine on RE twice in previous lives.
From Hamilton Park
You're confusing fact with theory.
This is a fact:
"Mosaic Communications Corporation on April 4, 1994 by Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark,"
"Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina originally designed and programmed NCSA Mosaic for Unix's X Window System at NCSA. Development of Mosaic began in December 1992. Version 1.0 was released on April 22, 1993,"
This is a theory:
"Mosaic [is considered] to be the web browser which led to the internet boom of the 1990s.... the Mosaic software... made the web popularly relevant and touched off the revolution" ( p.xlii)."
A theory is "a proposed explanation whose status is still conjectural, in contrast to well-established propositions that are regarded as reporting matters of actual fact."
We were talking about history, at least I think we were. History is made up of both fact and theory (or opinion). With time we gain a perspective of which events were more significant than others. I would ask you to read the quotes again (particularly the last one) to gain an idea of how important MOSAIC is according to internet historians.
Post me some counter-examples, if you like, of somebody other than yourself saying that Netscape changed people's perception of browsers (your words, and "theory", incidentally). In order to view the thing historically you have to start before there were any browsers and work forward. You cant just jump in at the birth of Netscape and IE. Functionally Netscape added very little or nothing so I don't see how it changed peoples ideas except those of people who had no previous notion of what a browser was.
sinik wrote: Enough? So credit where credit is due. If we are going to do the whole history thing we should get it right.
You're confusing fact with theory. This is a fact: "Mosaic Communications Corporation on April 4, 1994 by Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark," This is a fact: "Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina originally designed and programmed NCSA Mosaic for Unix's X Window System at NCSA. Development of Mosaic began in December 1992. Version 1.0 was released on April 22, 1993," This is a theory: "Mosaic [is considered] to be the web browser which led to the internet boom of the 1990s.... the Mosaic software... made the web popularly relevant and touched off the revolution" ( p.xlii)." A theory is "a proposed explanation whose status is still conjectural, in contrast to well-established propositions that are regarded as reporting matters of actual fact." http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/theory Now I was positing a theory that web content and web access were both equally critical to the development of the modern internet, and that development of content without access, or access without content would have been irrelevant. Further, that was secondary to my argument that Municipal Wi-Fi will launch a new technological revolution with unforeseeable services and products. Specifically, without the wireless network, there will be no useful services, but without useful services, there will be no network, which is similar to the previous conundrum of the birth of the internet where there was limited access and hence limited content, while at the same time there was limited content because there was limited access. Quibbling over whether or not Mosaic was or was not the first instance of a modern web browser, or whether it was merely a precursor to Netscape, was much less important than the mass market adoption of Netscape and Explorer in 1994 and 1995 respectively. I had little intention of discussing decades' old technology other than to illustrate the conundrum of causation. A similar illustration would be the relationship of suburbs to freeways. Did the construction of the internstate freeway system cause the development of suburbs, or did the development of suburbs necessitate the need of the internetstate freeway?
I remember using MOSAIC for the first time and the impression it made on me; I don't remember the first time I used Netscape. It was an annoyance to switch browsers because some pages could only be read by one or the other and Netscape required a license which was only available free on a temporary basis. Netscape never really won anything because it had to compete against MOSAIC which was free and then it had to compete against IE, which was... free. IE is now losing ground to Firefox because it is a better product... and free.
JSQ
From Journal Square, duh!
Sinik, Sun and Netscape fought Microsoft on different fronts. That is to clarify things, if by chance you thought that the anti-trust trial in the 90's was brought by Sun, or that the decision to not split Microsoft in two made Sun happy. The litigation with Netscape ended a billion years ago, with the demise of Netscape per se, at the when Netscape decided to rewrite entirely the browser and failed miserably. The litigation with Sun ended only less than two years ago.
Also, on a technical note: the extensions that Microsoft wrote for Java were not usable on the internet. First of all, think how many web pages ever required Java applets, then think even deeper, how many of those refused to work on anything but a Microsoft system or browser. (I know I ran into some Microsoft Java-specific stuff, but it was either desktop apps, like Matlab 5, or intranet-only pages, like those served in hospitals by IDX) The stuff that Microsoft did as extension for Java was not for the Internet it involved things like writing to the registry, which was never ever allowed for applets. Also, in truth, the MS Java extensions were not illegal or whatever:
1. Apple, when moving from OS 9 to OS X, created a set of functions that would work on both, allowing programmers to build software for both old and new computers; that set of functions (Carbon) were made, on purpose, callable from a Java program; but those programs cannot run on a PC
2. even today you can find, on Sun's website, Java extensions for DirectX, which is a Microsoft-only technology
3. also, Java has, since the beginning, well documented ways of interacting with system-specific (that is, e.g. Windows-specific) functions; Java Native Interface is provided by Sun exactly for the purpose of making Apple OS- or Windows-specific functions work in Java.
Unfortunately Sinik, history is littered with innovators that are forgotten and die penniless in the shadow of the paradigm shifters, who are thieves and copycats more often than not. Tesla vs. Edison, Philo Farnsworth vs RCA (TV), Xerox PARC vs Apple (graphical interface).
At least in this case the players were the same and got rich, until MS wanted their lunch. (Now THERE'S a company that never innovated anything but is credited with changing the world) But if the point is public perceptions rather than actual 1st innovation, I'd say Netscape wins. I remember just before the IPO getting a call from my millionaire investment banker brother asking me what a "browser" was! To me it was like then Bush 41 being astonished by a supermarket bar code scanner.
Read the quotes (again). Find me something similar that was said about Netscape at the time, or now with hindsight.
Yes, I remember the ridiculous p/e ratios for the Netscape stock and eventually it came crashing down after Andreessen had made his billions (I hope you cashed out in time, Brewster. I am sure you wouldn't be singing Netscape's praises if you didn't). MS ate Netscape's lunch but is paying for it even now (see the very recent decision
by the EU's highest court against MS).
ianmac47's claim was that Netscape "changed modern perceptions of what an internet browser was" ( which I challenge and have provided counter arguments to ) not which browser won out (we all know that was IE). IE won not only because it was free but because MS created extensions to java which was supposed to be a free standard owned by SUN and then persuaded people to write web pages using applets written with these extensions so that only the IE browser could read them).
The bar code thing with Bush the Elder was a PR disaster for him. However, Bush was not at a supermarket he was at a convention for the National Grocers association and was testing the latest innovation in scanners at the time when he was caught on film. The scanner that he was testing was able to reassemble mangled codes and come up with the right price. So we saw him looking amazed by what we were led to believe was just an ordinary scanner. Details are not important to some people but it makes all the difference if you want to get your historical facts right.
Sure, there were text browsers but Mosaic was the first browser to show images embedded in text as opposed to separate windows. It was Mosaic that showed people the possibilities. It was also the first browser ported from Unix. When Netscape came out it didnt really add anything. It was Mosaic that was the innovation. I am afraid it was not Netscape that changed the perceptions of what a browser was.
At least in this case the players were the same and got rich, until MS wanted their lunch. (Now THERE'S a company that never innovated anything but is credited with changing the world) But if the point is public perceptions rather than actual 1st innovation, I'd say Netscape wins. I remember just before the IPO getting a call from my millionaire investment banker brother asking me what a "browser" was! To me it was like Bush 41 being astonished by a supermarket bar code scanner.
ianmac47 wrote:
There were "browsers" before Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina, and they wrote Mosaic before they wrote Netscape Mosaic, but it was Netscape and later IE that changed modern perceptions of what an internet browser was.
Scholars consider Mosaic to be the web browser which led to the internet boom of the 1990s. Robert Reid underscores this importance stating, "while still an undergraduate, Marc wrote the Mosaic software...that made the web popularly relevant and touched off the revolution"
Mosaic was the first browser written and supported by a team of full-time programmers, which was reliable and easy enough for novices to install, and the inline graphics proved immensely appealing. Mosaic made the Web accessible to the ordinary person for the first time.
Reid also refers to Matthew Gray's well-respected website, Internet Statistics: Growth and Usage of the Web and the Internet, which indicates a dramatic leap in web use around the time of Mosaic's introduction (p.xxv).
In addition, David Hudson concurs with Reid, noting that:
Marc Andreessen's realization of Mosaic, based on the work of Berners-Lee and the hypertext theorists before him, is generally recognized as the beginning of the web as it is now known. Mosaic, the first web browser to win over the Net masses, was released in 1993 and made freely accessible to the public. The adjective phenomenal, so often overused in this industry, is genuinely applicable to the...'explosion' in the growth of the web after Mosaic appeared on the scene. Starting with next to nothing, the rates of the web growth (quoted in the press) hovering around tens of thousands of percent over ridiculously short periods of time were no real surprise (p.42).
Enough? So credit where credit is due. If we are going to do the whole history thing we should get it right.
Netscape Mosaic had to be renamed Netscape Navigator. NCSA Mosaic and Netscape Mosaic were different animals. It is true that Netscape was the first attempt to commercialize the Web, however it was a step backwards as NCSA was always free and Netscape navigator had to be repeatedly downloaded every few months as the free temporary license expired. And we were talking about all this in the context of making Wi-Fi free for all weren't we?
There is no question that NCSA Mosaic predated Netscape Mosaic. There is also no question that NCSA Mosaic and Netscape Mosaic were different browsers even though some of the people that developed Mosaic Netscape had worked on NCSA Mosaic previously. NCSA Mosaic was the revolution
Likewise, there were cars built before Henry Ford, and Henry Ford built cars before the Model T. But it was the Model T that changed modern culture, not the 1903 Model A, or the 1904 Model B.
The changes in technology between 1994 and 1995 was a chicken and egg paradox. Before then, there was little reason to go online because there was little content. Or there was little content because few people went online. After then, there was lots of content so people went online, and lots of people went online so there was lots of content.
Web browsers made it easy to view content. Flat rate internet access made it easy to get online. But it was the creation of Yahoo and Amazon and eBay and NYTimes.com and hotmail that generated the content that created demand for people to go online. OR was it the other way around?
Yahoo made it easy to find content, Amazon and eBay and the NYTimes online had content people wanted. So consumers downloaded web browsers and signed up for flat rate internet plans because metering internet usage was incompatible with browsing the front page of the times.
In 1990, few people used the modern internet. By 2000, half of adults were online.
I cited this example as a reason to build Muni-Wifi because for the same reasons its hard to see why we should build free wireless internet access is the same reasons it was hard to see why anyone in 1990 would want the internet except of course for downloading Prodigy reports for elementary school. The issue is a chicken and the egg paradox. There are crap products and services that use free wifi because free wifi access is crap. OR Free wifi access is crap because the services and products that would use free wifi are crap.
I thought it is quite difficult to spoof the Caller ID.
(Btw, why is comcast advertising their phone service as having CID? I never had a phone without CID, only my parents and grandparents used to have one.)
JSQ wrote:
it is unsafe to discuss billing matters over email: all of a sudden customers will reply with their credit card numbers, and email is too unsafe to carry that
Yeah, like the phone is a secure medium. It doesn't take much to phone phish someone by spoofing comcast, it's happened to me by someone pretending to be my bank. When I've gotten a call from comcast, I've hung up and called them back.
comcast had automatic payments for a few years, they were just too cheap to accept credit card and were forcing customers into bank transfer (it's a matter of 5% over 5 cents fee to the banks and networks)... maybe they stroke a deal, i saw that recently credit cards were accepted too
i thought the two monsters are created by the laws which allowed selling entire cities and counties to single phone or TV cable provider... before they went into each other's field, things were far worse and nobody changed anything for real (the breaking up of AT&T did nothing to last-mile competition in JC and in most of the US)... so the monsters go back to the founding fathers or close.. i don't expect anything so powerful, to move them
Just the way the 20th century was driven by electricity, the 21st is driven by data. The nation would never been fully electrified by corporations without the federal rural electrification program, it simply wasn't cost effective to the utility, though invaluable to the nation. Just the same is true of a nationwide wireless network, or even affordable landline broadband. The "socialist" Europeans kick our butts in broadband penetration because our telecoms are basically engaged in a price point redlining of their inferior product that they flog to us, spending billions on ads and competing on anything but price and speed.
The network is simply too valuable to leave to a cartel of monsters like Comcast and Verizon. Comcast is so backwards that if there's a payment problem they are incapable of customer service by email. They will have a live call made, and if that fails, send a disconnect crew, before sending an email. Until recently you couldn't just go to their website and set up an autopay like every net vendor since the WWW began. And you wonder where the money goes. This company act like its selling gas in pipes not packets over fiber.
I want SOMEONE to eat their lunch!
Oh yeah, when I switched browsers from Lynx to the brand new Mosaic, "Netscape" was a word yet to make it's appearance.
2ndhome wrote:
Could care less about anybody knowing I look at porn (or not). Why does every conversation about right to privacy end up with a porn embarrasment discussion.
Govt run internet service is not a good idea. The reasons for this might not be obvious so your reach for the old "porno freak" argument. Try to stretch your brain a bit.
Also, can we see a pictue of earth during 100% daylight please?
Yes, but the Government can get the information from the ISPs and Google if they want to, so we already have that situation.
earth satellite image
2ndhome
From VVP
well if you are looking at porn, I can understand your concern.
You were joking about the time when it is dark everywhere, right?
Not only that but when is it dark at both poles? I'm scratching my head over this one.
ianmac47 wrote: Quote:
sinik wrote: BTW browsers started with NCSA Mosaic not Netscape which was written by the same people. You are always a touch behind with your history.
From Wikipedia: The company was founded as Mosaic Communications Corporation on April 4, 1994 by Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark, and was the first company to attempt to capitalize on the nascent World Wide Web. It released a web browser called Mosaic Netscape 0.9 on October 13, 1994. Which is to say, Mosaic is Netscape.
Good try, but no. Quote:
from Wiki: This article relates to the browser produced by NCSA. For the browser that was renamed Netscape Navigator, see that article. Mosaic was the first popular World Wide Web browser and Gopher client. It was reliable and easy to install, which opened the Web up to the general public.[1] Mosaic was the first browser to actually implement images embedded in the text, rather than displayed in a separate window. Mosaic was developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) beginning in late 1992. NCSA released the browser in 1993
Netscape Mosaic had to be renamed Netscape Navigator. NCSA Mosaic and Netscape Mosaic were different animals. It is true that Netscape was the first attempt to commercialize the Web, however it was a step backwards as NCSA was always free and Netscape navigator had to be repeatedly downloaded every few months as the free temporary license expired. And we were talking about all this in the context of making Wi-Fi free for all weren't we? There is no question that NCSA Mosaic predated Netscape Mosaic. There is also no question that NCSA Mosaic and Netscape Mosaic were different browsers even though some of the people that developed Mosaic Netscape had worked on NCSA Mosaic previously. NCSA Mosaic was the revolution
From Wikipedia: The company was founded as Mosaic Communications Corporation on April 4, 1994 by Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark, and was the first company to attempt to capitalize on the nascent World Wide Web. It released a web browser called Mosaic Netscape 0.9 on October 13, 1994. Which is to say, Mosaic is Netscape. If you are looking to nitpick, IRC also stands for Internet Relay Chat, which was developed before 1994, though if you ask most people they will think of mIRC, which was far more common, and was not developed until 1995.
BTW browsers started with NCSA Mosaic not Netscape which was written by the same people. You are always a touch behind with your history.
Also, as far as the image of the world, has no one ever heard of a composite image?
Even if 2ndhome wasnt joking, I was
Sure, WiFi is the gas lamp of internet technology, and there are some exciting alternatives-- the spectrum the FCC is to auction off next January for instance (which becomes available when broadcast television becomes digital). Also, its unlikely Muni Wifi would replace many broadband customers internet. Wide deployment of wi-fi is relatively low speed compared to say 25mbps on Fiber, or even commercial cable 10 - 12 mbps, or residential cable at 4 to 6 mbps. Long range wifi has all sorts of interference that will reduce the speed of the connection. But again, I think its more about the handheld devices and services that will rely on large scale wifi, or its replacement.
From the NASA website:
"The above image is actually a composite of hundreds of pictures made by the orbiting DMSP satellites. "
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap001127.html
My feelings about muni wifi are mixed but in the current state we are in, I think its a way for munis to spy on what residents are doing / reading. No thanks.
JSQ is right...better be running a software firewall if you're going to use muni wifi.
I think that picture of lights at night is a fake. I have had if for years and still cant figure out when in the 24 hours of the day it is dark EVERYWHERE.
We'll, night life in JC sucks so what abput WiFi?
Also, wifi is a techology as bad as ethernet, fit for the small and safe networks of the 80's, but not for today. I know that the US market is putting all its weight in keeping behind the rest of the world, but still, 802.11g will be obsolete in 5 years. At least, the light poles were useful for the last century.
GrovePath
Here is something I think is interesting to ponder.
The world at night -- most is still in the dark.
(click to enlarge the satellite view)
A hundred and fifty years ago, all but the most advanced cities were dark by nightfall. Nighttime was a frightening place. The introduction of gas lamps, and later electric street lights changed our society forever. Now any parking lot in America provides free light to anyone passing by. What has happened as a result? Instead of bedding down at dusk, bars, restaurants, clubs, concert venues, movie theaters-- nightlife -- has become a staple.
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text:
Q: How to init a Enum based on the int value safely? I want to safely be able to get an enum based on the value.
object UserType extends Enumeration {
  type UserType = Value
  val Anonymous, Member, Paid = Value
}

If I do:
UserType(100)

I get an error:
java.util.NoSuchElementException: key not found: 100
  at scala.collection.MapLike$class.default(MapLike.scala:228)
  at scala.collection.AbstractMap.default(Map.scala:59)
  at scala.collection.mutable.HashMap.apply(HashMap.scala:65)
  at scala.Enumeration.apply(Enumeration.scala:114)
  ... 32 elided

Is there a typesafe way to do this?

A: You can try using find on the ValueSet of the Enum and then get an Option. If the value does not exists, you'll get a None value (using getOrElse is very convenient here).
Example:
UserType.values.find(_ == 100)

I would really recommend you to also read this answer that explains how to model a better type safe enums.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


As a team, you will be creating a lesson based on the above topic. You need to ensure that the students learn all of the difference aspects listed below for each topic. Each person in your group will be responsible for a specific aspect of the lesson, which will be an individual grade. You will receive 3 grades for this assignment.
Group lesson: You need to, as a group, decide how you are going to teach the students. Are you going to lecture the students? Do an activity? Build a model? Look at data? Read articles? Worksheets? Will you assign homework? Or a combination of activities. You will have 45 minutes to teach the class your lesson. For your grade, you have to do the following.
Create Assignment that you will grade and the students will receive a grade on this assignment. The student's grades must be submitted to me no later than the day of the test.
Make sure you teach all the areas listed for this topic.
Each of the above must be signed with Mrs. McClurg's signature in order to receive credit for each of these sections.
Assigned Section: You will pick from each of the task below. This is what you are in charge of. You team depends on your section to help the class learn the information, do not let your team down or the class.
Test Grade: The Unit Final for unit 2: Living World will be comprised on test questions from lessons Mrs. McClurg has taught and test questions that your examiner has created. Your team will receive their third grade based on how well the class has learned your topic. It is your job to make sure EVERYONE knows the information. This grade depends on it!