text:
Here's What the Savviest Philanthropists Know About Giving Back
Why you should have a two-pronged approach to donating this holiday season.
By Paul Sullivan	 on December 11, 2018
Photo: Courtesy of Shutterstock
Turn on the news, and watch the devastation caused by the latest hurricane or wildfire to rip through the United States or tsunami to hit Asia. What's your response? Do you change the channel? Do you well up with emotion and donate whatever you can to a relief organization? Do you start to envision a way to build sturdier houses or encourage people to move to higher ground?
Your response says a lot about what kind of philanthropist you might be. If you're in the first group, you're likely not philanthropically inclined. But the second two define the eternal battle of givers as their wealth and aspiration climb. The people who well up are motivated by the emotion that empathetic people feel when they see others in need. Those watching the disaster who think of fixing the infrastructure or incentivizing people to make different choices—like not living in a flood- or fire-prone area— show a rational approach to giving. They want to measure the impact of their charitable dollars and, if possible, find a way to replicate what they've learned in one area in many communities.
Many of the wealthiest and most sophisticated philanthropists are trying to find a way to combine the two: get something concrete done with their donations without neglecting the emotion that drove them to turn over money to solve a problem in the first place. One such donor, Alexandre Mars, is leading by example—and bringing along other young, techy entrepreneurs who have the wherewithal to be philanthropists.
Mars, who made his wealth founding and selling three companies, says he saw the traditional construct of giving as outdated. In his early 40s, he prefers to ask people what is enough for them. He wants them to keep their giving below their pain threshold, something that runs counter to the give-until-it-hurts ethos of some philanthropists.
"For us, it's not the 50 percent from the Giving Pledge," he says of the work he is doing through his Epic Foundation, which he founded in 2014 to improve the lives of disadvantaged children. "That's great, but it's the top-down approach. Ours is the Sharing Pledge. We ask, what's your giving threshold?" The Sharing Pledge is a push to get people to share their wealth but comes with the promise that Epic will, in exchange, share data on the impact their money is having, even including virtual-reality films to take them to where their giving goes.
Mars covers all the costs—to the tune of $2.5 million just this year—and that enables every dollar to go straight to a cause. His recruits, among other successful entrepreneurs, include Andre Haddad, founder of cheeky car-sharing app Turo, and Rakesh Tondon, chief executive of the subscription fashion company Le Tote; their example is meant to bring others along.
"Our thought was, why were all of those people not doing more?" Mars says. "It wasn't because they weren't good people. It's because they didn't know where the money was going. The work you are doing should be visible."
Mars and Epic are putting a Silicon Valley spin—transparency and cool accountability—on the age-old problem of emotional versus rational giving.
An emotional giver, after all, who pays no heed to where their money goes
will have less impact than they could otherwise, while a rational giver who focuses too much on the outcomes might find that their well-crafted plan is not embraced by the people they most thought it would benefit.
"You need to have a little rational with your emotion or you're giving
to everyone on the street," says Carol Kroch, national director of philanthropic planning at Wilmington Trust. "If you're rational, without emotion, what can happen is you build it—but will they come? You need to design a program that is welcome."
Philanthropic giving can be high-minded stuff, but thoughtful donors should also think about something more earthly: the tax implications of their donations. "Philanthropy should be two-pronged," says Jacqueline Valouch, head of philanthropy at Deutsche Bank Wealth Management. "There's the altruistic warm-and-fuzzy piece, and there's the tax deduction."
The tax cuts passed this year, though, have made it hard for even five-figure donors to get the tax deduction for donations. This is a result of increasing the standard deduction and eliminating or capping other popular deductions.
One work-around to make sure you get a tax credit for your philanthropy is to put several years' worth of donations into a donor-advised fund: You get the deduction today but can distribute the money whenever you like. It's a good way to reduce your tax bill and buy yourself time to decide how you can be both a rational and an emotional donor.
Paul Sullivan is the author of The Thin Green Line: The Money Secrets of the Super Wealthy and the Wealth Matters columnist for the New York Times.
Get the Robb Report newsletter.	Click here to sign up.
Luxury Retailer Barneys New York Is Reportedly Heading for Bankruptcy
You Can Now Buy a Guitar Owned by Steely Dan's Walter Becker
John Legend, Cat Stevens and More Join a Crowdfunding Campaign to Restore Nina Simone's Childhood Home
See the 8 Frank Lloyd Wright Buildings Just Named World Heritage Sites
Get The Best Of Everything
Subscribe today &
Watch Porsche's New 718 Cayman GT4 Rallye Snort and Slide Around an Ice Track
How This Long-Lost Bugatti Was Rescued from the Bottom of a Lake After Missing for 75 Years
Unrolling the Myth of the Black Lightning
Latest Galleries in News
Pink Floyd's David Gilmour Guitar Collection at Christie's: In Pictures
In Pictures: The Top 10 Products at Robb Report Right Now
Taika Waititi to Direct Marvel's 'Thor 4'


text:
CMS, states ponder special enrollment for those facing tax penalties
Bob Herman
Paul Demko
CMS officials have yet to say if the agency will implement an open-enrollment extension for people facing tax penalties who don't have coverage, an extension several states also are considering after Washington state enacted one.
Some Congressional Democrats have been urging the Obama administration to implement a special-enrollment period for tax filers facing penalties. Sen. Tammy Baldwin (D-Wis.) and 10 other senators who caucus with the Democrats, on Monday sent a letter to HHS Secretary Sylvia Mathews Burwell calling for additional time to sign up for coverage.
"We are confident that this special enrollment period would build on the success of the law by allowing even more uninsured Americans to benefit from the health and financial security provided by the Affordable Care Act," they wrote.
Limited extensions have been granted on the federal exchange and in several states to allow individuals who hadn't completed the application process to get signed up for coverage. The enrollment extension for the 37 states that use the federal government's exchange site is limited. Open enrollment through the state and federal health exchanges officially came to a close Sunday.
People who called the HHS call center Feb. 13-15 but were unable to complete the process because of long wait times can still enroll through Feb. 22. Consumers who encountered technical glitches on HealthCare.gov in the final days are also eligible for the extended enrollment period.
Insurers are prepared to handle consumer demand during the extensions, several said.
Health Care Service Corp., the Blue Cross and Blue Shield plan for Illinois, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas, expected the increased activity at the end of the open-enrollment period, spokeswoman Lauren Perlstein said in an e-mail. The company plans to continue its expanded outreach, such as keeping its call center open 24 hours, this week.
Health insurer Medica, which operates in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wisconsin, said it supports the extension for those who were trying to obtain health insurance at the last minute. "We are certainly referring members to the exchanges if they believe they are impacted," said Dannette Coleman, Medica's senior vice president for individual and family business.
Massachusetts extended its health plan enrollment deadline to Feb. 23 largely because the area has experienced inclement winter weather. But for health coverage to go into effect March 1, state residents will have to pay their first premium by Feb. 23.
Maryland and New York are allowing exchange customers who were in the process of enrolling through the end of the month to complete the process. Hawaii residents will have 45 days beyond the deadline to finish enrolling.
Even if states haven't extended the enrollment window, there may still be opportunities for individuals to sign up for 2015 coverage directly with insurers. Private health insurance exchange eHealth has identified 28 states —including California, Florida and Texas—where at least one insurer is accepting enrollments through Feb. 23 or beyond. However, individuals who sign up directly with health plans can't access federal subsidies, which are available to households with incomes up to 400% of the federal poverty level.
The most significant extension occurred in Washington state, which operates its own exchange. The Washington Health Benefit Exchange extended open enrollment by two months to April 17.
For many consumers, this open-enrollment period was the first they heard about the ACA's tax penalties for not having health coverage. The penalty for 2014 was $95 or 1% of income, whichever was greater. That rises to $325 a person or 2% of income for 2015. Washington officials said they wanted to lengthen health plan enrollment into tax filing season so more people could be aware of the potential fines when they file next year.
Washington also experienced technological problems with its exchange site during the first portion of this year's open enrollment.
"We didn't want to open up multiple special enrollment periods," said Richard Onizuka, CEO of the Washington Health Benefit Exchange. "We just wanted to make sure we provided the opportunity for consumers to enroll if they wanted to enroll."
Because this was the first re-enrollment sign-up and many people may be distracted during the holidays, an extension was a good idea, said Melanie Coons, a spokeswoman for Premera Blue Cross and LifeWise, separate insurers that sell policies on Washington's exchange.
"It's really important to get as many people covered as possible," Coons said.
CMS officials have indicated that they are open to a similar extension to accommodate Americans facing tax penalties for the 37 states relying on HealthCare.gov. "CMS has not announced any final decision regarding a tax-related special enrollment period for consumers," agency spokesman Aaron Albright said in an e-mail. "If and when a decision is made, we will notify consumers and stakeholders immediately."
Other state-based exchanges also are considering an open-enrollment period to target tax filers. "We are looking into that possibility," said Jenni Bowring-McDonough, media relations coordinator for Minnesota's exchange. "Nothing's been decided."
Kathleen Tallarita, a spokeswoman for Access Health CT, expressed a similar sentiment. "We are evaluating the process and expect to announce our decision in the very near future," she said in an e-mail.
Jason Lefferts, director of communications for Massachusetts Health Connector, said it's unlikely that the state will implement a special-enrollment period for tax season since residents have been assessed tax penalties since 2008. "We've had the individual mandate here for a number of years already," he said. "This wouldn't be a new experience for people to find out that they need health insurance."
America's Health Insurance Plans, the trade group representing health plans, took a somewhat positive but narrow view toward the HHS extension. While an extension gives consumers additional time to find a plan, AHIP supports a "very, very defined scope for that enrollment window," spokeswoman Clare Krusing said. Health insurers have encouraged tight sign-up timelines to avoid people getting health insurance only when they need it, which could skew the risk pool toward sicker members.
Extensions also have to take into account that health plans are building qualified health plans for 2016, Krusing said.
Longer term, some have suggested shifting the entire schedule of the ACA's exchange enrollment. Low-income consumers may be more inclined to buy health insurance during tax season since tax refunds provide more disposable income than the gift-intensive holiday season, a Health Affairs study found last year.
Some also think moving the dates of open enrollment could eliminate any confusion with Medicare's annual enrollment window, which occurs at the end of the calendar year. Ken Fasola, CEO of private health insurance exchange HealthMarkets, said the overlap of the two enrollments has created some stress. "There's only so many telephone and field resources available," he said.
Follow Paul Demko on Twitter: @MHpdemko
Follow Bob Herman on Twitter: @MHbherman
Plan to fix exchange risk adjustment model could come at cost

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Hacker News CSRF Vulnerability (tjosse.me)
173 points by etjossem on Feb 25, 2016 | hide | past | web | favorite | 55 comments
vardump on Feb 25, 2016
When it comes to security vulnerabilities, please remember when reasoning about their impact there's a good chance you'll miss something critical. Arrogance and vulnerabilities are a bad mix.
Even innocent looking "low impact" issues can be used as stepping stones to something much worse.
Creative exploitation can make two or more low impact vulnerabilities into a very serious compromise. Some of those vulnerabilities might be in a completely different system.
droopybuns on Feb 25, 2016
This should be required reading for anyone submitting vulnerabilities to bug bounties.
david_shaw on Feb 25, 2016
> This should be required reading for anyone submitting vulnerabilities to bug bounties.
In my experience, people submitting vulnerabilities to bug bounties tend to incorrectly estimate in the other direction, since they have financial incentive to do so.
You replied to a comment indicating that even minor bugs can be serious -- which they can -- but many researchers will find actually minor bugs (nginx version disclosure, existing account enumeration on signup page, etc) and claim they're critical.
There's a balance there, and it can be tough to find. In any event, my stance is that if there's a security bug, you should damn well fix it :)
> In my experience, people submitting vulnerabilities to bug bounties tend to incorrectly estimate in the other direction, since they have financial incentive to do so.
A good point. There's definitely motivation to exaggerate the impact.
However, could there be a flip side to this as well?
People not reporting vulnerabilities they consider minor, thinking they'll get no financial gain. No money or fame, so why bother?
Some of those unreported issues could be very critical when connected with something else minor or perhaps even something that's not a bug at all.
Perhaps some of bug bounty funds should be retained for awarding any reported issues that turned out to be a (part of) critical vulnerability in the future?
Retroactively awarding issues that became more critical later on should encourage reporting of maximum number of bugs. Even those the discoverer considered insignificant.
As a result, everyone involved would be better of. More bugs would get reported and their discoverers properly compensated.
> ... minor bugs (nginx version disclosure, existing account enumeration on signup page, etc) and claim they're critical.
Wouldn't you agree it's preferable they're reported regardless, no matter how minor they may be? For example unintended version disclosure could very well make targeted attack a successful one. Account enumeration disclosure could conceivably be used to attack the account holder in some other way, including social engineering attacks.
The high value statement that got my attention was this: "Arrogance and vulnerabilities are a bad mix."
This applies to all parties- the ones who are vulnerable and the ones who are discovering.
I totally agree with your statement about reporters inflating the impact of minor bugs. In fact, it is the spirit of arrogance which they exhibit that attracted me to OP's comment!
lucb1e on Feb 25, 2016
Although I can totally see how this is a vulnerability, the implications are quite limited. Basically you can log people out for fun, and you can log them in to an account of yours, which I think would be noticed quite soon.
etjossem on Feb 25, 2016
The implications depend on your app. If the user doesn't notice being logged into a new account, they may go on to create data in the attacker's account that they expect to be private (e.g. YouTube watch history).
On e-commerce sites, they might add a credit card - thereby allowing the attacker to use it.
Fortunately, HN doesn't have these risks, but it's a good illustration of how CSRF works in the real world.
ghayes on Feb 25, 2016
Plus if you made the account name "new" or "top posts" or something, it could take weeks for me to notice that it didn't say my username at the top right.
Good points indeed. I never thought of adding anti-CSRF measures to login forms, only while logged in, so I'll start doing that :)
r1ch on Feb 25, 2016
Another good reason for login CSRF tokens is to prevent a malicious page from submitting lots of invalid logins and getting an account / IP locked or rate limited.
0x0 on Feb 25, 2016
Another reason for customizing "topcolor" in your HN profile :)
zer01 on Feb 25, 2016
Both Michal Zalewski[1] and Chris Evans[2] have commented on this, and I tend to agree with them. The actual implications for a CSRF like this are very minimal.
[1] https://lcamtuf.blogspot.com/2010/10/http-cookies-or-how-not... [2] http://scarybeastsecurity.blogspot.com/2010/01/logout-xsrf-s...
tptacek on Feb 25, 2016
The implications for HN are minimal, but this is a login CSRF, not a logout CSRF. Like session fixation, login fixation is a serious flaw.
Believe it or not, there have been apps with serious flaws stemming from logout fixation --- but those flaws were notable because they weaponized logout CSRF. :)
rudolf0 on Feb 25, 2016
What exactly is "logout fixation"? Session/login fixation makes sense, but I can't really imagine what logout fixation would look like. Google was of no help, either. Do you mean a logout function which doesn't properly log you out, or logout CSRF?
Sorry, that's a typo. I meant "logout CSRF".
I agree that depending on the context session fixation and login CSRFs can have actual security impact, but those cases are far and few between, so calling them a "serious flaw" feels a bit hyperbolic to me.
Gmail account contacts were stolen in a CSRF attack (combined with another vulnerability). This type of attack is often overlooked, but it's very real.
http://archive.oreilly.com/pub/post/gmail_exploit_contact_li...
As far as I can tell that particular vulnerability isn't a CSRF at all, it's an insecure JSONP endpoint[1]. The original author is mistaken.
[1] http://homakov.blogspot.com/2013/02/are-you-sure-you-use-jso...
ryanlol on Feb 25, 2016
CSRF attacks are very real, but the impact is generally taken into account before calling things a "vulnerability".
e.g you can have a SQL injection that's not a vulnerability because the input passes through a substr($_GET["id"],1,1).
bcg1 on Feb 25, 2016
I disagree with those saying that the impact of this type of attack is minimal.
Depending on the application it could significant implications. Imagine for instance if this was possible in an application, and after switching to the attacker's account the victim was tricked into doing an OAuth to some third party service.
slavik81 on Feb 25, 2016
Interesting. Is this why login is usually on its own page, rather than right on the main page? CSRF seems to limit your ability to cache any pages that contain forms.
malka on Feb 25, 2016
you could have an API that returns a CSRF token.
stygiansonic on Feb 25, 2016
Whether or not the implications of this particular CSRF vulnerability were serious, the developers should be commended on implementing a fix quickly.
cmdrfred on Feb 25, 2016
Nice find it goes to show you that nearly everything has some sort of vulnerability. Adding anti-forgery tokens to my login page now...
ymse on Feb 26, 2016
Would this still work with 3rd party cookies disabled?
In the years I've used uMatrix[0] I can't remember a single case where sending a cookie with a 3rd party request was needed. Why do browsers do this still?
0: https://github.com/gorhill/uMatrix
hatsunearu on Feb 25, 2016
I'm not too well versed on netsec; how do you fix something like this?
To mitigate CSRF on a form, send the user a randomly generated, long, unique token every time the form is rendered. Put it in a hidden input.
Your server must expect the POST to answer back with a valid csrf token. Otherwise, the request results in an error and doesn't go through. Attacker pages won't know anything about the csrf token, so they can't forge the form.
kogir on Feb 26, 2016
That's actually not always enough. For example, to fix this login CSRF on HN, you need a per-visitor secret an attacker can't read (like a cookie) plus a form value based on that secret. Note it can't be tied to the user account, because the visitor hasn't logged in yet.
A random CSRF token on a login form is easily defeated - the attacker just requests a valid one and uses it when submitting the CSRF form.
Correct. By "a valid token" I mean one that corresponds to the user session it was dispensed to.
jonny_eh on Feb 26, 2016
> the attacker just requests a valid one
wget, curl, whatever. If I'm the attacker, I ask for a new one from my server each time and put the result in the form I serve your browser.
The CSRF token should be tied to the user session, so you'd need to perform session fixation for that to work.
ubernostrum on Feb 26, 2016
Tying to the session is a common practice but not necessary. You can do non-session-tied CSRF tokens so long as you don't expose your cookie.
That works if you have sessions. HN doesn't.
Osiris on Feb 25, 2016
So what was the fix? I don't see a CSRF token in the login page, so I'm curious what their patch was.
philmander on Feb 25, 2016
The logout link is rendered with the token in its query string
VoidWhisperer on Feb 25, 2016
Wouldn't this still allow logging in without consent if they aren't logged in?
dang on Feb 26, 2016
It does. We haven't rolled out the fix that Nick described (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11178922) because it will probably break a bunch of the third party apps and scrapers that give people alternative interfaces to HN. Those have value and I'd rather not make their lives more difficult unless/until it's necessary.
qjighap on Feb 26, 2016
Finally, some clarification on which hacker news it is. I care less about the hacker news with the "the"
I have implemented CSRF for the public API I work on and all PUT/POST requests require the CSRF token, not GET requests. In this case, the login form uses a POST request and thus must require a CSRF token to avoid an attack on users that aren't logged in.
What stops an attacker from requesting the CSRF token?
Same-origin policy.
That only applies to browsers. I can request it from my server just fine. See https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11178922
_asdf_asdf on Feb 25, 2016
Ah, CSRF, the irritatingly low-hanging fruit that every would-be security researcher pre-emptively attacks for attention.
ronnier on Feb 25, 2016
I don't understand the negative response towards CSRF exploits. They are real and they are dangerous.
The negative response tends to be against the super low impact ones, such as this.
I have to agree with the GP, blogging about an issue like this just seems tacky.
The reactions would undoubtedly be different if it was a practically exploitable CSRF, like something that allows you to change users email addresses.
krapp on Feb 25, 2016
If this had been reported in any other web application, everyone here would be calling the developers morons.
ChristianBundy on Feb 26, 2016
If it's such a low-hanging fruit why don't you prove it?
totony on Feb 26, 2016
How would you go about proving that?
It's more that if literally any other site on the internet were found to have any type of CSRF vulnerability, people here would be going on and on and on about how this is web dev 101, only a complete idiot wouldn't know about/secure against CSRF attacks, etc.
Whereas here, when it's HN with a CSRF issue, "eh, it would break some third-party clients if we patched this".
Tell me more about this world in which HN's users shield its developers from criticism.
We fixed the reported vulnerability and have a fix for the remaining issue ready if it's needed. There's no "eh" here; it's a question of what the right tradeoff is.
Well, I don't see people insulting you the way they would if it were another site...
And I don't see people calling out the "breaks third-party clients" justification for not rolling out the full fix.
Since you're a "people here", your comments disprove themselves.
A phrase like "calling out" assumes that it's obvious what we should do. It's not obvious; the parts that were obvious are done. Our goal is to do what's best for the community, not to avoid getting criticized on the internet.
If I were going to respond to you the way I feel HN would generally respond to a CSRF hole in a major non-HN site/service, I'd say something like "Well, that line shows you're as good at formal logic as you are at preventing/patching CSRF holes".
You know the same as I do that HN's getting light treatment from its users in this thread, compared to how security issues in other things typically get received. It's OK to admit that.


text:
Mutation identification and characterization of a Taiwanese patient with fucosidosis
Shuan Pei Lin, Jui Hung Chang, Maria Paez De La Cadena, Ting Fang Chang, Guey-Jen Lee
Fucosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by a defect of the α-l-fucosidase (FUCA1) gene. Worldwide 26 mutations underlying the disease have been reported. By direct DNA sequencing of exons and flanking introns, homozygous Y126X mutation and Q281R polymorphism were found in a Taiwanese patient with fucosidosis. Upon expressing in COS-7 cells, 97.4% of α-l-fucosidase activity compared with that of the wild-type construct was observed in the cDNA containing Q281R polymorphism. Western blot analysis revealed a 58-kDa precursor and 56-kDa mature forms for cells transfected with wild-type and Q281R enzymes. Using the fluorogenic substrate, the Michaelis constants and maximal velocities of both enzymes were very similar. While no appreciable enzyme activity (0.0%) was observed with Y126X mutation, no apparent decrease in FUCA1 mRNA level was seen with Y126X mutation. The expressed truncated Y126X protein was unstable and largely degraded. The delineation of the molecular defect could serve to complement future prenatal diagnosis for this family when necessary.
Journal of Human Genetics
COS Cells
DNA Sequence Analysis
Introns
Exons
Complementary DNA
In vitro expression
α-L-Fucosidase
Lin, S. P., Chang, J. H., De La Cadena, M. P., Chang, T. F., & Lee, G-J. (2007). Mutation identification and characterization of a Taiwanese patient with fucosidosis. Journal of Human Genetics, 52(6), 553-556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10038-007-0136-3
Mutation identification and characterization of a Taiwanese patient with fucosidosis. / Lin, Shuan Pei; Chang, Jui Hung; De La Cadena, Maria Paez; Chang, Ting Fang; Lee, Guey-Jen.
In: Journal of Human Genetics, Vol. 52, No. 6, 01.06.2007, p. 553-556.
Lin, SP, Chang, JH, De La Cadena, MP, Chang, TF & Lee, G-J 2007, 'Mutation identification and characterization of a Taiwanese patient with fucosidosis', Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 553-556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10038-007-0136-3
Lin SP, Chang JH, De La Cadena MP, Chang TF, Lee G-J. Mutation identification and characterization of a Taiwanese patient with fucosidosis. Journal of Human Genetics. 2007 Jun 1;52(6):553-556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10038-007-0136-3
Lin, Shuan Pei ; Chang, Jui Hung ; De La Cadena, Maria Paez ; Chang, Ting Fang ; Lee, Guey-Jen. / Mutation identification and characterization of a Taiwanese patient with fucosidosis. In: Journal of Human Genetics. 2007 ; Vol. 52, No. 6. pp. 553-556.
@article{63d74c4412a1445e80cdb3a8977f0bf4,
title = "Mutation identification and characterization of a Taiwanese patient with fucosidosis",
abstract = "Fucosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by a defect of the α-l-fucosidase (FUCA1) gene. Worldwide 26 mutations underlying the disease have been reported. By direct DNA sequencing of exons and flanking introns, homozygous Y126X mutation and Q281R polymorphism were found in a Taiwanese patient with fucosidosis. Upon expressing in COS-7 cells, 97.4{\%} of α-l-fucosidase activity compared with that of the wild-type construct was observed in the cDNA containing Q281R polymorphism. Western blot analysis revealed a 58-kDa precursor and 56-kDa mature forms for cells transfected with wild-type and Q281R enzymes. Using the fluorogenic substrate, the Michaelis constants and maximal velocities of both enzymes were very similar. While no appreciable enzyme activity (0.0{\%}) was observed with Y126X mutation, no apparent decrease in FUCA1 mRNA level was seen with Y126X mutation. The expressed truncated Y126X protein was unstable and largely degraded. The delineation of the molecular defect could serve to complement future prenatal diagnosis for this family when necessary.",
keywords = "Fucosidosis, In vitro expression, Mutation, Polymorphism, α-L-Fucosidase",
author = "Lin, {Shuan Pei} and Chang, {Jui Hung} and {De La Cadena}, {Maria Paez} and Chang, {Ting Fang} and Guey-Jen Lee",
journal = "Journal of Human Genetics",
T1 - Mutation identification and characterization of a Taiwanese patient with fucosidosis
AU - Lin, Shuan Pei
AU - Chang, Jui Hung
AU - De La Cadena, Maria Paez
AU - Chang, Ting Fang
AU - Lee, Guey-Jen
N2 - Fucosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by a defect of the α-l-fucosidase (FUCA1) gene. Worldwide 26 mutations underlying the disease have been reported. By direct DNA sequencing of exons and flanking introns, homozygous Y126X mutation and Q281R polymorphism were found in a Taiwanese patient with fucosidosis. Upon expressing in COS-7 cells, 97.4% of α-l-fucosidase activity compared with that of the wild-type construct was observed in the cDNA containing Q281R polymorphism. Western blot analysis revealed a 58-kDa precursor and 56-kDa mature forms for cells transfected with wild-type and Q281R enzymes. Using the fluorogenic substrate, the Michaelis constants and maximal velocities of both enzymes were very similar. While no appreciable enzyme activity (0.0%) was observed with Y126X mutation, no apparent decrease in FUCA1 mRNA level was seen with Y126X mutation. The expressed truncated Y126X protein was unstable and largely degraded. The delineation of the molecular defect could serve to complement future prenatal diagnosis for this family when necessary.
AB - Fucosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by a defect of the α-l-fucosidase (FUCA1) gene. Worldwide 26 mutations underlying the disease have been reported. By direct DNA sequencing of exons and flanking introns, homozygous Y126X mutation and Q281R polymorphism were found in a Taiwanese patient with fucosidosis. Upon expressing in COS-7 cells, 97.4% of α-l-fucosidase activity compared with that of the wild-type construct was observed in the cDNA containing Q281R polymorphism. Western blot analysis revealed a 58-kDa precursor and 56-kDa mature forms for cells transfected with wild-type and Q281R enzymes. Using the fluorogenic substrate, the Michaelis constants and maximal velocities of both enzymes were very similar. While no appreciable enzyme activity (0.0%) was observed with Y126X mutation, no apparent decrease in FUCA1 mRNA level was seen with Y126X mutation. The expressed truncated Y126X protein was unstable and largely degraded. The delineation of the molecular defect could serve to complement future prenatal diagnosis for this family when necessary.
KW - Fucosidosis
KW - In vitro expression
KW - Mutation
KW - Polymorphism
KW - α-L-Fucosidase
JO - Journal of Human Genetics
JF - Journal of Human Genetics


The Gurkha Welfare Trust is a registered charity which was established in 1969. It aims to relieve poverty and distress among Gurkha ex-servicemen of the British Crown and their dependants. This is achieved by raising funds for distribution in Nepal through the Trust's field arm, the Gurkha Welfare Scheme, and responding to welfare needs as they arise in the UK. The Trust supports around 10,000 welfare pensioners in Nepal. Most are in their 80's and are totally reliant on the Trust for a dignified and comfortable old age. The Trust helps repay the debt of honour owed the brave Gurkha soldiers who have fought alongside the British & Indian Armies for nearly 200 years.
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is an international humanitarian aid organisation that provides emergency medical assistance to populations affected by armed conflict, epidemics, natural or man-made disasters and people excluded from healthcare. MSF was founded in 1970 when a group of French doctors joined an international aid mission to help victims of Nigeria's civil war. They were frustrated by government interference in humanitarian aid and felt they were being silenced when they wanted to tell the world about the atrocities they witnessed. MSF was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1999 in recognition of its pioneering humanitarian work.


text:
Но́вое Ерёмкино — село в Ставропольском районе Самарской области. Административно входит в сельское поселение Пискалы.

География
Село к северо-востоку от города Тольятти. Связано автомобильными дорогами с селами Пискалы и Узюково.

Население

Ссылки

Примечания

Населённые пункты Ставропольского района

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Ant factsheets »
Nylanderia spp
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Formicinae
Tribe: Ponerini
Genus: Nylanderia
Species: spp
Generic common name – parrot ants (derived phonetically from genus name - Andersen 2002)
Synonyms ( )
Not yet formally described.
The genus Nylanderia contains 133 known species and subspecies (LaPolla, J.S.; Brady, S.G.; Shattuck, S.O. 2010). The genus is 'a common though often inconspicuous element of the ant faunas of almost all continental areas habitable by ants' (Trager 1984). Australia has 10 described species and subspecies and they occur in Melanesia, New Caledonia and several Pacific countries. There are several species (~3) of Nylanderia currently in New Zealand; scientists are currently working on diagnostic features to identify these species. The first records in collections in New Zealand are from Auckland, and date from the early 1940s.
Distribution (see map)
Collection records would suggest Nylanderia spp. have a special affinity for Auckland City, but this in part may simply be a reflection of a preponderance of collectors in the area. Sporadic collections have been made elsewhere – mainly in Northland, Waikato, Coromandel Peninsula, Bay of Plenty, and Hawke's Bay. In more recent times Nylanderia spp. have been collected in Nelson City and adjacent areas, as well as in and near Christchurch. Given the species' obvious preference for warmer climes, a single male collected from Rainbow State Forest near Lake Rotoiti in the South Island is probably unlikely to indicate permanent establishment in the area.
In Nylanderia, the upper surface of the mesosoma (alitrunk) on the pronotum and mesonotum bears pairs of large hairs.
Diagnostic features of the worker
Length about 3 mm; antennae 12-segmented; mandibles with 6 teeth; colour of head and body light to dark brown, legs and antennae light brown.
The biology of this species is poorly known. In Auckland City, nests often occur under pumice stones. Colonies can be populous. In Australia Nylanderia species generally nest in open soil or under rocks, or in rotten wood on the ground (Shattuck 1999). Some species forage primarily at night, but Nylanderia spp. is active throughout the day (RJH pers. obs.).
Workers of some species of the genus tend plant-sucking insects. Nylanderia spp. has been found tending aphids on shrubbery in the suburbs of Auckland (Brown 1958a), tending hemipteran insects on apple, citrus, and tamarillo (Lester et al. 2003), and tending the mealybug, Pseudococcus longispinus, for its honeydew (Charles 1993). Charles (1993), after noting that there have been no documented cases of ant-induced mealybug outbreaks in this country, points out that in Israel, ' …where ants apparently do not induce mealybug outbreaks either, they may dramatically alter the species composition of parasitoids attacking coccids.'
Brown (1958a) notes, 'in some parts of the world Nylanderia species are agricultural pests.'
Because this species can be very abundant in gardens, it is considered a nuisance. Trails of foragers can be seen going up into trees and shrubs, and the tending of scales may have minor consequences for horticultural crops. It seems this species does not commonly enter buildings in search of food.
Compiled by Warwick Don & Richard Harris
Updated Darren Ward 2010
References ››
Figures and maps
Lateral view. Image - ANTWEB
Dorsal view. Image - ANTWEB
Head. Image - ANTWEB
Distribution map.
Ant factsheets
Ecosystem services factsheets
Freshwater invertebrate factsheets
Ichneumonidae factsheets
Insect Factsheets
Minimising environmental impacts of mining
Policy Briefing & Guidance Papers
Naturally Uncommon Ecosystems
Sustainable trade briefing papers
Weaving Plants
Woody ecosystem types


text:
Coach, mentor and friend
Imperial's Toks Bakinson, Western Canada projects financial analyst, recently received the Alberta Soccer Association's Woman of Distinction award. Leading her U11 girls' soccer team to the top tier may have gotten Toks nominated, but what won her this award is her dedication to her team's success - both on and off the field - as well as her outstanding contribution to the community.
Not only has Toks proven to be a successful coach, advancing her team's capabilities to compete at the highest level of Calgary youth soccer, but she has also served as a great mentor. Toks has stressed the importance of education to her team. Going beyond her role as coach, Toks has tutored her girls and reviewed their homework as needed in her spare time.
"When you are playing soccer at an elite level like my girls are, it is easy to lose sight of other important things like getting an education. I tell my team, as women in a male dominated sport, we need to show people that we are not only great female soccer players, but that we are smart, engaged and well-rounded members of the community."
Also fostering a sense of responsibility to give back to the community, Toks and her team have fundraised and volunteered for various organizations across the city including the Calgary Food Bank and Women's Emergency Shelter.
Leveraging her experiences from coaching, Toks has learned to value not only peoples' strengths, but also their weaknesses. The implications of this go beyond the soccer field, as Toks says it has helped her in her role at Imperial, and as president of the BEST committee. "If someone on my team makes a mistake on the field, I don't punish them, I ask them to tell me how they will do better next time. It's the same thing at work," she says, "if someone makes a mistake, let them grow from it. When we identify our weaknesses, we can challenge ourselves to do better."
Imperial's PRIDE employee resource group celebrates its five year anniversary
The many faces of diversity at Imperial
Skating in circles
The full co-op student experience: 'Work hard, play hard'
Third-year mineral engineering student Adarsh Khokal had high expectations that a 12-month student work term would complement his University of Toronto studies with practical skills.
Jaret Cardinal got interested in basketball, and it's changing lives
A dynamic Imperial career: 'It fascinates me'
Lara Pella came to Imperial with more than 10 years of international legal practice. As an experienced hire, she had plenty to offer, as well as some criteria of her own – mainly interesting, challenging work; amazing colleagues; and the opportunity to continue learning and developing.


text:
Nils Stig Erik Erikson, född 12 augusti 1905 i Lund, död 20 juni 1962 i Norrköping, var en svensk läkare.

Erikson, som var son till apotekaren Axel Erikson och Elsa Hylén, blev student 1925, medicine kandidat 1928 och medicine licentiat 1935, allt i Lund. Han var assistentläkare vid Lunds lasaretts radiologiska klinik 1933–1934, e.o. amanuens och vikarierande amanuens vid Serafimerlasarettets röntgenavdelning nio månader 1935, extra läkare vid Löwenströmska lasarettet tre månader 1935, amanuens och extra läkare vid Lunds lasaretts röntgendiagnostiska avdelning 1936–1937, extra läkare vid Lunds radiologiska klinik tre månader 1937 och vid dess röntgendiagnostiska avdelning två månader 1937, underläkare vid Falu lasaretts röntgenavdelning 1937–1938, underläkare vid Radiumhemmet 1939–1940, vid Serafimerlasarettets röntgenavdelning 1941–1943, biträdande överläkare vid Malmö allmänna sjukhus röntgenavdelning 1944–1946, lasarettsläkare vid Hudiksvalls lasaretts röntgenavdelning 1946–1956 och lasarettsläkare vid Norrköpings lasaretts röntgenavdelning från 1956. Erikson är gravsatt i Krematorielunden i Norrköping.

Referenser

Svenska radiologer
Svenska lasarettsläkare
Svenska läkare under 1900-talet
Läkare från Lund
Födda 1905
Avlidna 1962
Män


text:
"pattern-completion memory"
Under their skins, AI theorists are all alike in zealous isolation.
In its simplest form, Hawkins� hypothesis is that the brain works by anticipating and completing patterns more than it does through inputs and outputs of information.
It isn�t unusual for wealthy individuals to attempt to influence academia. But what is unusual is that Hawkins is pursuing his hypothesis with hands-on research. His is no passing fancy: Hawkins has flirted with brain research on and off for the past two decades...
Hawkins insists he isn�t abandoning Handspring and that he spends the bulk of his time at the company. But he hopes to complete his book and build a silicon machine modeled on pattern-completion memory. �I�m positive about the theory,� he says. �I�m more sure of this than anything else in my life.� (Palm inventor pushes theory of brain, msnbc)


text:
Melbourne Airport , colloquially known as Tullamarine Airport, is the primary airport serving the city of Melbourne, and the second busiest airport in Australia. It opened in 1970 to replace the nearby Essendon Airport. Melbourne Airport is the main international airport of the four airports serving the Melbourne metropolitan area, the other international airport being Avalon Airport.

The airport comprises four terminals: one international terminal, two domestic terminals and one budget domestic terminal. It is  northwest of the city centre, adjacent to the suburb of Tullamarine. The airport has its own suburb and postcode—Melbourne Airport, Victoria (postcode 3045).

In 2016–17 around 25 million domestic passengers and 10 million international passengers used the airport. The airport features direct flights to 33 domestic destinations and to destinations in the Pacific, Europe, Asia, North America and South America. Melbourne Airport is the number one arrival/departure point for the airports of four of Australia's seven other capital cities. Melbourne serves as a major hub for Qantas and Virgin Australia, while Jetstar utilises the airport as home base. Domestically, Melbourne serves as headquarters for Australian airExpress and Toll Priority and handles more domestic freight than any other airport in the nation.

History

Establishment
Before the opening of Melbourne Airport, Melbourne's main airport was Essendon Airport, which was officially designated an international airport in 1950. In the mid-1950s, over 10,000 passengers were using Essendon Airport, and its limitations were beginning to become apparent. Essendon's facilities were insufficient to meet the increasing demand for air travel; the runways were too short to handle jets, and the terminals failed to handle the increase in passengers. By the mid-1950s, an international overflow terminal was built in a new northern hangar. The airport could not be expanded, as it had become surrounded by residential districts.

The search for a replacement for Essendon commenced in February 1958, when a panel was appointed to assess Melbourne's civil aviation needs. Alternative sites considered were Tullamarine (12 miles from Melbourne), Whittlesea (18 miles), Hastings (40 miles), Port Melbourne (3 miles), Werribee (25 miles), Laverton (16 miles), Avalon (35 miles) and Moorabbin (14 miles). Considerations such as superior proximity to Melbourne and lower development costs narrowed the choice to either Tullamarine or Laverton, with Laverton eventually eliminated in part due to issues coordinating both military and civil activities that could not guarantee the degree of safety demanded, and that traffic coordination would be easier with the shorter distance between Essendon and Tullamarine.

In 1959, the Commonwealth Government acquired  of grassland in then-rural Tullamarine.

In May 1959 it was announced that a new airport would be built at Tullamarine, with Prime Minister Robert Menzies announcing on 27 November 1962 a five-year plan to provide Melbourne with a A$45 million "jetport" by 1967. The first sod at Tullamarine was turned two years later in November 1964. In line with the five-year plan, the runways at Essendon were expanded to handle larger aircraft, with Ansett Australia launching the Boeing 727 there in October 1964, the first jet aircraft used for domestic air travel in Australia.

On 1 July 1970, Prime Minister John Gorton opened Melbourne Airport to international operations ending Essendon's near two decade run as Melbourne's international airport. Essendon still was home to domestic flights for one year, until they transferred to Melbourne Airport on 26 June 1971, with the first arrival of a Boeing 747 occurring later that year. In the first year of operations, Melbourne handled six international airlines and 155,275 international passengers.

Melbourne Airport was originally called 'Melbourne International Airport'. It is at Tullamarine, a name derived from the indigenous name Tullamareena. Locally, the airport is commonly referred to as Tullamarine or simply as Tulla to distinguish the airport from the other three Melbourne airports: Avalon, Essendon and Moorabbin.

On opening, Melbourne Airport consisted of three connected terminals: International in the centre, with Ansett to the South and Trans Australia Airlines to the North. The design capacity of the airport was eight Boeing 707s at a rate of 500 passengers per hour, with minor expansion works completed in 1973 allowing Boeing 747s to serve the airport. By the late 1980s peak passenger flows at the airport had reached 900 per hour, causing major congestion.

In late 1989, Federal Airports Corporation Inspector A. Rohead was put in charge of a bicentennial project to rename streets in Melbourne Airport to honour the original inhabitants, European pioneers and aviation history. Information on the first two categories was provided by Ian Hunter, Wurundjeri researcher, and Ray Gibb, local historian. The project was completed but was shelved, with the only suggested name, Gowrie Park Drive, being allocated, named after the farm at the heart of the airport. During the 1920s, the farm had been used as a landing site for aircraft, which were parked at night during World War II in case Essendon Aerodrome was bombed.

Expansion and privatisation

In 1988, the Australian Government formed the Federal Airports Corporation (FAC), placing Melbourne Airport under the operational control of the new corporation along with 21 other airports around the nation.

The FAC undertook a number of upgrades at the airport. The first major upgrades were carried out at the domestic terminals, with an expansion of the Ansett domestic terminal approved in 1989 and completed in 1991, adding a second pier for use by smaller regional airlines. Work on an upgrade of the international terminal commenced in 1991, with the 'SkyPlaza' retail complex completed in late 1993 on a site flanking the main international departure gates. The rest of the work was completed in 1995, when the new three-level satellite concourse was opened at the end of the existing concourse. Diamond shaped and measuring  on each side, the additional 10 aerobridges provided by the expansion doubled the international passenger handing capacity at Melbourne Airport.

In April 1994, the Australian Government announced that all airports operated by FAC would be privatized in several phases. Melbourne Airport was included in the first phase, being acquired by the newly formed Australia Pacific Airports Corporation Limited for $1.3 billion. The transfer was completed on 30 June 1997 on a 50-year long-term lease, with the option for a further 49 years. Melbourne Airport is categorized as a Leased Commonwealth Airport.

Since privatization, further improvements to infrastructure have begun at the airport, including expansion of runways, car parks and terminals. The multi-storey carpark outside the terminal was completed between 1995 and August 1997 at a cost of $49 million, providing 3,100 parking spaces, the majority undercover. This initially four-level structure replaced the previous open air carpark outside the terminal. Work commenced on the six-story 276-room Hilton Hotel (now Parkroyal) above the carpark in January 1999, which was completed in mid-2000 at a cost of $55 million. Expansion of the Qantas domestic terminal was completed in 1999, featuring a second pier and 9 additional aircraft stands.

In December 2000, a fourth passenger terminal opened: the Domestic Express Terminal, located to the south of the main terminal building at a cost of $9 million. It was the first passenger terminal facility to be built at Melbourne Airport since 1971.

Expansion of carparks has also continued with a $40 million project commenced in 2004, doubling the size of the short term carpark with the addition of 2,500 spaces over six levels, along with 1,200 new spaces added to the 5,000 already available in the long term carpark. Revenue from retail operations at Melbourne Airport broke the $100 million mark for the first time in 2004, this being a 100 per cent increase in revenue since the first year of privatization.

In 2005, the airport undertook construction works to prepare the airport for the arrival of the double-decker Airbus A380. The main work was the widening of the main north–south runway by , which was completed over a 29-day period in May 2005. The improvements also included the construction of dual airbridges (Gates 9 and 11) with the ability to board both decks simultaneously to reduce turnaround times, the extension of the international terminal building by  to include new penthouse airline lounges, and the construction of an additional baggage carousel in the arrivals hall. As a result, the airport was the first in Australia to be capable of handling the A380. The A380 made its first test flight into the airport on 14 November 2005. On 15 May 2008, the A380 made its first passenger flight into the airport when a Singapore Airlines Sydney-bound flight was diverted from Sydney Airport because of fog. Beginning services in October 2008, Qantas was the first airline to operate the A380 from the airport, flying nonstop to Los Angeles International Airport twice a week. This was the inaugural route for the Qantas A380.

In March 2006, the airport undertook a  expansion of Terminal 2, and the construction of an additional level of airline lounges above the terminal. In 2008 a further  expansion of Terminal 2 commenced, costing $330 million with completion in 2011. The works added 5 additional aerobridges on a new passenger concourse, and a new  outbound passenger security and customs processing zone.

In 2017, Melbourne Airport international passenger movements exceeded 10 million annual travelers.

Terminals

Melbourne Airport's terminals have 68 gates: 53 domestic and 15 international. There are five dedicated freighter parking positions on the Southern Freighter Apron. The current terminal numbering system was introduced in July 2005; they were previously known as Qantas Domestic, International, and South (formerly Ansett Domestic).

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 hosts domestic and regional services for Qantas Group airlines, Qantas and QantasLink (which is located to the northern end of the building). Departures are located on the first floor, while arrivals are located on the ground floor. The terminal has 16 parking bays served by aerobridges; 12 are served by single aerobridges whilst four are served by double aerobridges. There are another five non-aerobridge gates, which are used by QantasLink.

Opened with Melbourne Airport in 1970 for Trans Australia Airlines, the terminal passed to Qantas in 1992 when it acquired the airline. Work on improving the original terminal commenced in October 1997 and was completed in late 1999 at a cost of $50 million, featuring a second pier, stands for 9 additional aircraft, an extended access roadway and the expansion of the terminal.

Today, a wide range of shops and food outlets are situated at the end of the terminal near the entrance into Terminal 2. Qantas has a Qantas Club, Business Class and a chairman's lounge in the terminal.

Terminal 2

Terminal 2 handles all international, and limited domestic flights out of Melbourne Airport, and opened in 1970. The terminal has 20 gates with aerobridges. Cathay Pacific, Qantas (which includes two lounges in Terminal 2, a First lounge and a Business lounge/Qantas Club), Singapore Airlines, Air New Zealand and Emirates all operate airline lounges in the terminal.

The international terminal contains works by noted Australian Indigenous artists including Daisy Jugadai Napaltjarri and Gloria Petyarre.

A $330 million expansion programme for Terminal 2 was announced in 2007 and was completed in 2012. The objectives of this project include new lounges and retail facilities, a new satellite terminal, increased luggage capacity and a redesign of customs and security areas. A new satellite terminal features floor-to-ceiling windows offers views of the North-South runway. The new concourse includes three double-decker aerobridges which are gates 16, 18 and 20, each accommodating an A380 aircraft or two smaller aircraft and one single aerobridge. The baggage handling capacity was also increased, and two new baggage carousels were built to cater to increased A380 traffic.

Although described as a satellite terminal, the terminal building is connected by an above-ground corridor to Terminal 2. Departures take place on the lower deck (similar to the A380 boarding lounges currently in use at Gates 9 and 11), with arrivals streamed on to the first floor to connect with the current first floor arrivals deck.

Terminal 3

Terminal 3 opened with the airport as the Ansett Australia terminal, but is now owned by Melbourne Airport. Terminal 3 is home to Virgin Australia. It has eleven parking bays served by single aerobridges and eight parking bays not equipped with aerobridges.

An expansion of the terminal was approved in 1989 and completed in 1991 when a second pier was added by Ansett to the south for use by smaller regional airline Kendell, which Ansett owned. The terminal was used exclusively by the Ansett Group for all its domestic activities until its collapse in 2001. It was intended to be used by the "new Ansett", under ownership of Tesna; however, following the Tesna group's withdrawal of the purchase of Ansett in 2002, the terminal was sold back to Melbourne Airport by Ansett's administrators. As a result, Melbourne Airport undertook a major renovation and facelift of the terminal, following which Virgin Australia (then Virgin Blue) moved in from what was then called Domestic Express (now Terminal 4), and has since begun operating The Lounge in the terminal, using the former Ansett Australia Golden Wing Lounge area. Rex also operates an airline lounge in the terminal. The second pier of T3 was lost to the new T4, out of the ten gates they will be reclaiming three. While the others will be used by Tigerair Australia. Check-In facilities for Virgin Australia will still be in T3.

Terminal 4

Terminal 4 – originally called the Domestic Express or South Terminal – is dedicated to budget airlines and is the first facility of its kind at a conventional airport in Australia. It was originally constructed for Virgin Blue (Virgin Australia) and Impulse Airlines. Virgin Blue eventually moved into Terminal 3 following the demise of Ansett. A$5 million refit began in June 2007 along the lines of the budget terminal model at Singapore Changi Airport and Kuala Lumpur International Airport. Lower landing and airport handling fees are charged to airlines due to the basic facilities, lack of jet bridges, and fewer amenities and retail outlets compared to a conventional terminal. However, the terminal is located next to the main terminal building, unlike in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. The terminal was rebuilt by Tiger Airways Australia, which has used it as its main hub since it operated its first domestic flight on 23 November 2007.

Jetstar confirmed its involvement in discussions with Melbourne Airport regarding the expansion of terminal facilities to accommodate for the growth of domestic low-cost services. The expansion of Terminal 4 includes infrastructure to accommodate Tiger Airways Australia and Jetstar Airways flights. The development cost hundreds of millions of dollars. In March 2012, airport officials T4 would break ground that October the same year T4 and they expected completion in July 2014, however they later pushed that date to late August 2015. The facility opened on 18 August 2015. The new T4 terminal is  and linked "under one roof" with T3. Terminal 4 is currently used by Rex Airlines, Jetstar, Airnorth, formerly Tigerair Australia and new airline Bonza. In November 2015 Jetstar moved into T4. Three Gates are dedicated to Virgin Australia. Jetstar has triple the number of gates it had at T1.

Southern Freighter Apron
The Southern Freighter Apron has five dedicated freighter parking positions which host 21 dedicated freighter operations a week. In August 1997, the fifth freighter parking position and the apron was extended.

Other facilities
Melbourne Airport is served by four hotels. A Parkroyal Hotel is located  from Terminal 2 atop the multi-level carpark. Work commenced on the six-story 280-room hotel in January 1999 and was completed in mid-2000. The hotel was originally a Hilton but was relaunched as the Parkroyal on 4 April 2011. Holiday Inn has an outlet located  from the terminal precinct. Ibis Budget offers lodgings located  from the terminals. Mantra Tullamarine opened in 2009,  from the terminal precinct.

Operations

Overview
Melbourne is the second busiest airport in Australia. The airport is curfew-free and operates 24 hours a day, although between 2 am and 4 am, freight aircraft are more prevalent than passenger flights. In 2004, the environmental management systems were accredited ISO 14001, the world's best practice standard, making it the first airport in Australia to receive such accreditation.

Runways
Melbourne Airport has two intersecting runways: one  north–south and one  east–west. Due to increasing traffic, several runway expansions are planned, including an  extension of the north-south runway to lengthen it to , and a  extension of the east–west runway to a total of . Two new runways are also planned: a  runway parallel to the current north–south runway and a  runway south of the current east–west runway. The current east west runway extension and new third runway were expected to cost $500–750 million with major construction originally set to begin around 2019 and be complete by 2022. However, in 2019 following an extensive consultation period, Melbourne Airport unexpectedly dropped plans for a new east-west runway in favour of constructing a new parallel north-south runway to the west of the airport, citing aircraft noise concerns for residents in nearby suburbs of Gladstone Park, Westmeadows, Attwood and Jacana. Although there is an additional 12–24 months of planning, Melbourne Airport Corporation anticipates the new north-south runway will be operational by 2025, with the potential to include the extension of the existing east-west runway. Traffic movement was expected to reach 248,000 per annum by 2017, and existing runway capacity is expected by 2023, necessitating a third runway.

On 5 June 2008, it was announced that the airport would install a Category III landing system, allowing planes to land in low visibility conditions, such as fog. This system was the first of its kind in Australia, and was commissioned March 2010 at a cost of $10 million.

Melbourne Airspace Control Centre
In addition to the onsite control tower, the airport is home to Melbourne Centre, an air traffic control facility that is responsible for the separation of aircraft in Australia's busiest flight information region (FIR), Melbourne FIR. Melbourne FIR monitors airspace over Victoria, Tasmania, southern New South Wales, most of South Australia, the southern half of Western Australia and airspace over the Indian and Southern Ocean. In total, the centre controls 6% of the world's airspace. The airport is also the home of the Canberra, Adelaide and Melbourne approach facilities, which provide control services to aircraft arriving and departing at those airports.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Cargo

Traffic and statistics

In 2016–17 Melbourne Airport recorded around 25 million domestic passenger movements and around 10 million international passenger movements. In that year there were 239,466 aircraft movements in total. Melbourne Airport was tipped to record 47 million passengers in the year to June 30, 2020, before the pandemic hit, but instead recorded 27.2 million as state and international borders were closed. Melbourne is the second busiest airport in Australia for passenger movements, behind Sydney and ahead of Brisbane.

^ Passenger service movements only (excludes freight).

Ground transport

Road

Melbourne Airport is  from the city centre and is accessible via the Tullamarine Freeway. One freeway offramp runs directly into the airport grounds, and a second to the south serves freight transport, taxis, buses and airport staff. In June 2015, the Airport Drive extension was completed, creating a second major link to the airport. The link starts at the M80 Western Ring Road and provides direct access to Melrose Drive 1.5 kilometres from the terminal area. As of 2018 the Tullamarine Freeway is being widened.

Melbourne Airport has five car parks, all of which operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The short-term, multi-level long-term, business and express carparks are covered, while the long-term parking is not. The main multi-level carpark in front of the terminal was built in the late 1990s, replacing the pre-existing ground-level car parking. It has been progressively expanded ever since.

Melbourne Airport recorded more than 2.2 million taxi movements in the year to 30 June 2017.

Public transport

Buses and shuttle services

The SkyBus operates express bus services from the airport to Southern Cross railway station (on the western boundary of the Melbourne central business district) and St Kilda. Shuttle services also operate between the airport and the Mornington Peninsula, making stops in St Kilda, Elsternwick, Brighton and Frankston. SkyBus current transports around 3.4 million passengers between the airport and Melbourne's CBD.

Metropolitan and regional public buses also operate to or via the airport. Routes 478, 479 & 482 operate to Airport West, via the route 59 tram terminus. Route 479 also operate to Sunbury railway station, connecting with Sunbury and Bendigo line trains. SmartBus route 901 was introduced in September 2010 as a frequent bus service. Route 901 connects to trains at Broadmeadows (Craigieburn, Seymour, Shepparton and Albury lines), Epping (Mernda line), Greensborough (Hurstbridge line) and Blackburn (Belgrave and Lilydale lines). V/Line operates timetabled regional coach services to Barham and Deniliquin via the airport.

There are nine other bus companies serving the airport, with services to Ballarat, Bendigo, Dandenong, Frankston, Mornington Peninsula, Geelong, Melbourne's suburbs, Shepparton and the Riverina. These provide alternatives to transfer onto other V/Line services.

Rail connection

The Andrews state government commenced construction on Melbourne Airport Rail (SRL Airport) in 2022 and the rail link is set to open by 2029. The 27 km link will run via Sunshine station in Melbourne's west into the central city via the under-construction Metro Tunnel. The link will connect to western regional rail services at Sunshine and to other services on the Metropolitan rail network at Sunshine, Footscray, and State Library and Town Hall in the CBD. The link will be the first direct rail connection to the Airport.

Constructing a rail link has been discussed in Victorian politics since Melbourne Airport opened. Connecting the Broadmeadows line (now the Craigieburn line) to the airport was debated in the 1960s under the Bolte state government, but with insufficient support in parliament, the rail project was abandoned in 1965.

In 2001, the Bracks State Government investigated the construction of a heavy rail link to the Airport under the Linking Victoria programme. Two options were considered; the first branched off the Craigieburn Suburban Line to the east, and the second branched off the Albion Goods Line, which passes close to the airport's boundary to the south. The second option was preferred. Market research concluded most passengers preferred travelling to the airport by taxi or car, and poor patronage of similar links in Sydney and Brisbane cast doubt on the viability of the project. This led to the project being deferred until at least 2012. On 21 July 2008, the Premier of Victoria reaffirmed the government's commitment to a rail link and said that it would be considered within three to five years. To maximise future development options, the airport lobbied for the on-grounds section of the railway to be underground.

In 2010, Martin Pakula of the Labor Party, newly appointed State Minister for Public Transport, announced that the rail link had been taken off the agenda with new freeway options being explored instead. A change of government at the 2010 Victorian State Election to renewed focus on the link, with a promise by the incoming Coalition government to undertake planning for its construction. Proposals in January 2013 to improve the bus service to the airport involving turning emergency lanes into bus lanes on the freeway and the Bolte Bridge and putting SkyBus on a myki fare, were challenged by CityLink operator Transurban, because it would limit its toll revenue, and by Melbourne Airport, because it would reduce its car parking profits.

On 13 March 2013, the Victorian Liberal government under then Premier, Denis Napthine, announced that the Melbourne Airport Rail Link (MARL) would be constructed around 2015/16 running from the CBD via Sunshine station and the Albion–Jacana railway line. This proposal was shelved after the Napthine Government lost office to the Labor Party at the 2014 state election.

After initially rejecting the project, the Andrews Government announced in May 2017 that it would spend $10 million along with the Turnbull Government's $30 million to devise a rail link planning study. On 23 November 2017, Premier Daniel Andrews told business groups that construction on a rail link between the airport and Melbourne's Southern Cross station via Sunshine station would begin construction within the next 10 years.

On 12 April 2018, then-Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull pledged $5 billion in federal funding for a rail link between the Airport and the Melbourne CBD, provided the Victoria state government match the funding. On 22 July 2018, the state government announced that it would provide $5 billion to match federal government funding for the airport rail link. The Sunshine route was chosen, with Sunshine station to be upgraded for easier interchange for metropolitan and regional passengers onto Airport services and the link confirmed to run through the Metro Tunnel.

The business case was released in 2022 and it was announced that the Melbourne Airport station would be elevated. Melbourne Airport Corporation objected to the elevated station, arguing for it to be built underground.

Accidents and incidents
 On 29 May 2003, Qantas Flight 1737 from Melbourne to Launceston Airport was subjected to an attempted hijacking shortly after takeoff. The hijacker, a passenger named David Robinson, intended to fly the aircraft into the Walls of Jerusalem National Park, located in central Tasmania. The flight attendants and passengers successfully subdued and restrained the hijacker, and the aircraft returned to Melbourne.
 On 20 March 2009, Emirates Airline Flight 407, an Airbus A340-500, was taking off from Melbourne Airport on Runway 16 for a flight to Dubai International Airport and failed to become airborne in the normal distance. When the aircraft was nearing the end of the runway, the crew commanded nose-up sharply, causing its tail to scrape along the runway as it became airborne, during which smoke was observed in the cabin. The crew dumped fuel and returned to the airport. The damage caused to the aircraft was considered substantial. The aircraft damaged a strobe light at the end of the runway as well as an antenna on the localiser, which led to the ILS being out of service for some time causing some disruptions to the airport's operation.
 On 11 October 2022, a security breach occurred at the airport, with a Qantas spokesperson saying that "A passenger appears to have inadvertently passed from an unscreened area to a screened area of the airport in Melbourne". Australian Federal Police shut down a section of the airport, and ordered all passengers in the terminal be rescreened, including those already on planes waiting to take off.

Awards and accolades
Melbourne Airport has received numerous awards. The International Air Transport Association ranked Melbourne among the top five airports in the world in 1997 and 1998. In 2003, Melbourne received the IATA's Eagle Award for service and two National Tourism Awards for tourism services.

The airport has received recognition in other areas. It has won national and state tourism awards, and Singapore Airlines presented the airport with the Service Partner Award and Premier Business Partner Award in 2002 and 2004, respectively. In 2006, the airport won the Australian Construction Achievement Award for the runway widening project, dubbed "the most outstanding example of construction excellence for 2006". In 2012, Parkroyal Melbourne Airport was awarded for the best airport hotel in Australia/the Pacific by Skytrax. According to Skytrax World's Top 100 Airports List, Melbourne Airport has improved from ranked 43rd in 2012 to 27th in 2018.

See also
 City of Keilor – the former local government area of which Melbourne Airport was a part
 List of airports in Victoria
 Transport in Australia

Notes

References

External links

Airports in Victoria (Australia)

1970 establishments in Australia
Airports established in 1970
Transport in Melbourne
Landmarks in Melbourne
International airports in Australia
Buildings and structures in the City of Hume


I am based in the fictional London Borough of Walford. I was first broadcast in 1986 and featured Ethel Skinner, Lou Beale and Dot Cotton. What am I ... ?
I am a drama aimed at teenagers. I am based around a school newspaper. I launched the career of Julia Sawalha, who went on to act in Pride and Prejudice and Ab Fab. What am I ... ?
Where would you find Frank Burnside and Polly Page ... ?
In which imported soap could you have met Pippa and Tom Fletcher ... ?
The longest running Scottish television soap is ... ?
Which soap was first broadcast in 1972 ... ?
The story line Who Killed Archie ... ? appeared in which soap in 2009-2010 ... ?


As the child ran, Valentino knew the Alchemist's Orb had worked again. Romano's reputation was one of generosity and kindness but the Orb had changed his outward behavior to match the cold and miserly stone that was his heart.
I wrote this for the Rochelle Wisoff-Fields flash fiction challenge for 15 December 2017. The idea is to use the photo above as the inspiration for crafting a wee tale no more than 100 words long. My word count is 100.
Interesting to read your first impression of the object in the photo. My first impression was that it was business end of a quaint old street lamp, a little the worse for wear. I can't imagine what you might have done with *that*, though it might have been interesting if it had appeared suddenly in some unlikely place, like next to a parked car in place of a fire hydrant just before a parking ticket was about to be issued.
Actually, that's what I figured it was, but the idea of the alchemist's orb took over.
In this case, it turns a person totally into who they are inside.
I love short stories. They are like haiku. Though short, if good, they convey a very powerful message.
Thanks. I like the challenge, but I prefer longer stories where I can more properly develop characters and a plot.
So I've noticed, though you're doing pretty fine in both.
I aim to please, Bojana.
Interesting story, the alchemy of truth. Great job.
Interesting phrase: "the alchemy of truth". I was musing over an alternative that might express how the function of James' object actually differed from material alchemy. After all, his reference to a "heart of stone" is metaphorical; and the change effected by the orb was behavioral. Hence we're considering a sort of "meta-alchemy" here, unlike the classic example of lead-into-gold in material alchemy. Nonetheless, I like your phrase. It may be a bit less precise, but it is much more evocative of the orb's function.
That would be an interesting orb to have handy – there are a few people I'd like to give it to and see what happens!
Be careful what you wish for, Iain. Thanks.
A great take on the prompt and a very interesting story.
I like not using prompt for a lamp.
Well, it was tempting, but my muse had other ideas, Louise. Thanks.
That was an unexpected twist.
Some kinds of stone are resistant to magic, I suppose. Nice imagery.
Not a changer in this case, just does a bit of revealing of what's already there. Thanks.
Neat and enjoyable take James.
Oh, I did like that! Great take on the photo prompt. Thank you.
Shouldn't it have turned his leaden heart to gold instead of merely telling the truth?
I suppose that's another way the story could have worked out, but in 100 words, it might have been more difficult to pull off. Thanks for the idea though, Alice. It hadn't occurred to me before.
Now this was a really interesting take on the prompt.
I think for the sake of the poor he'd have been better left as he was.
Perhaps. Although ideally you should give from your heart, if you only give with your hands in order to look good, the poor still benefit. Thanks, Christine.
You worked out the allegory very well, James. I'm not sure the alchemist's orb would be a blessing though. Charity given by a heart of stone for the sake of reputation is still of benefit to a beggar. Great take on the prompt!
Not sure Romano wants to repent. Maybe he has to deal with who he is first.
Maybe he needed to see who he was first, not obscured under mask of false charity. Hence the "alchemy of truth" revealed it plainly. Perhaps a different orb might have worked an "alchemy of love" to produce the reverse transformation in a heart that henceforth could express true charity. Or perhaps that is not actually the province of any alchemist's orb at all, but only of true repentance which could benefit Romano and beggars both.
Now that his true feelings are out in the open, perhaps a friend or the Clergy will call him on it and his former hypocrisy and help him to repent.
Most cool! There's more than one kind of alchemy. I love the angle you took on this one.
an interesting lesson to be learned here. nice take on the prompt.
I think Christine and Penny already made similar comments. Perhaps I erred, Joy.
Yes! A very different twist, reminding me of "The Monkey's Paw" a little.
I struggled with the metaphor here too. Once I'd got 'worthless lead into gold' between my ears, it seemed to me his outer characteristics were the worthless lead and …. oh well never mind. As you say, 100 words isn't a lot to develop a take. It was a different take on the prompt though.
A delightfully different take. Excellent.
A magic orb that reveals true character. I think a lot of us would want to avoid that!
A good reminder that things take on the energy of those who own them. I liked your thought process as well. Its interesting to know the thought process that goes into some of these stories.
I have as much fun explaining how I write my stories as I do in actually writing them, Susan. Thanks.
Yes, it could be, Bjorn. Thanks.
A truth exposer and hopefully a repentance maker. Thanks, Michael.


text:
The Hon Nola Marino MP Assistant Minister for Regional Development and Territories
The Hon Nola Marino MP
Christmas Island in focus for research opportunities
Scientific organisations, universities and Australian Government representatives will gather in Canberra today to discuss opportunities to capitalise on Christmas Island's (CI) unique ecosystems, species and conservation value.
The Research Roundtable, being held in Canberra on 28 February, will comprise scientific experts as well as local leaders from Christmas Island and the neighbouring Cocos (Keeling) Islands.
In December last year, I announced a new economic diversification package for CI.
As outlined in the community-led Our Christmas Island 2030 Strategic Plan, the CI community's goals for the future include opportunities for international education, research and development to capitalise on the Island's extraordinary environment.
In line with this aspiration, the Research Roundtable is a key element of the Government's plan to help to layer and diversify the local economy. Funding has also been provided to develop a business case for a potential research centre to be established on the Island.
As many of you will be aware, CI attracts bird watchers and nature lovers from all over the world. It is home to one of Australia's most unique national parks which provides habitat for endangered, vulnerable, threatened and migratory species. There are more than 250 endemic species on CI. CI is also known to many as the 'Kingdom of the Crabs' due to the diverse array of land crabs, including the robber, or coconut crab – the largest land crab in the world. The marine zone of the Park supports more than 600 fish species, including migratory whale sharks, and other species such as threatened green and hawksbill turtles.
This gives CI a unique and logical natural competitive advantage in research and education opportunities, as part of a broader economic strategy.
Scientific experts, local representatives and universities with research expertise and capability in island ecology, species management and conservation, marine ecology, agriculture and tropical medicine have been invited to attend the Roundtable to share ideas and, collectively, identify CI's untapped potential for scientific research and education.
A key focus of discussions will be identifying research opportunities and developing a long term strategy to support research and education. The Roundtable will also discuss the potential focus, scope and use of a research centre on the island.
As I said during my visit to CI last year, the Australian Government is committed to helping the community diversify the local economy by encouraging collaborations and partnerships to support research activities.
I look forward to reporting back to you on the outcomes from the Roundtable and planned next steps, including community involvement as we move forward.
The Australian Government's economic diversification package complements actions already under way, including a Strategic Assessment of Christmas Island, a review of tourism and development of a Tourism Action Plan, along with delivery of initiatives in the Strategic Plan.


A large tree reaching a height of over 6 metres (20 foot) after 10 years, Purple Fountain (Fagus sylvatica 'Purple Fountain') is one of the best selections of the weeping purple beech with a narrow growth habit developing a good dominant central leader. The leaves are rich dark purple. First intoduced in Holland.
This tree is supplied at a height of between 1.5 and 2.0 metres in a 12 litre container for year round planting and better results than from bare-root stock.
October 2013: The tree came in perfect condition. I planted it straight away, and little shoots are already growing. If I had a bigger garden I would buy more trees, but my wife ( a garden hater) says I already have a jungle. Actually, I am quite happy with that comment, as that is exactly what I am trying to achieve.


Fear of psychiatric inpatient hospitalization is one of the main reasons that older men who are at high risk for suicide don't talk about suicidal thoughts with their physicians, reports a new study. The findings of the study are published in the journal Patient Education and Counseling.
The MAPS assessment was led by Anthony Jerant, chair of family and community medicine at UC Davis Health.
Jerant and his team created MAPS because 80 percent of suicide deaths occur in men, with the biggest increase in the past two decades among men between the ages of 35 and 64. Also, nearly half of all adults who die by suicide saw a primary care clinician within the month before their deaths.
"Those statistics led us to ask, 'Is there something primary care providers might be able to do or say in office visits with men to change that outcome?" Jerant said. "In answering that question, MAPS was launched."
"Reducing suicides will take a united effort that extends beyond the primary care provider's office," Jerant said. "Our insights could be useful to prevention efforts worldwide."
A research has found nearly one-third of youth ages 10 to 12 years screened positive for suicide risk in emergency departments.


text:
Peddlers, Solicitors, Vendors
Agendas, Notices & Minutes
Local Laws & Ordinances
Tamara J. Cooper, Town Clerk
townclerk@townofcambria.com
Paula N. Jones, Deputy Town Clerk I
Jennifer L. Wrate, Deputy Town Clerk II
Town Clerk ext 136
Deputy Clerk ext 110
Deputy Clerk II ext 131
The Town Clerk's office is often thought to be the center of Town government,
as it provides a wide variety of services that are essential to the residents of the Town.
**Buy Sporting Licenses Online during COVID-19 pandemic**
DEC is encouraging hunters, trappers, and anglers to purchase sporting licenses online to help further limit the community spread of COVID-19. for more information about sporting licenses.
Sporting licenses may be purchased online at any time, and anglers may use their privileges immediately by simply carrying their transaction number (DEC-LS#) with them while afield. Anglers, hunters, and trappers may also use the HuntFishNY mobile app to display an electronic copy of their license. The HuntFishNY app is available for download through the Apple App or Google Play stores. Back tags and carcass tags must still be mailed, and customers should allow 10-14 days for receipt of their tags. Please visit our website https://www.dec.ny.gov/
***FISHING LICENSES***
If you would like a fishing license and have had one in the past, please call ahead.
We will ask your name and date of birth in order to access your information.
The cost of a fishing license is $25.00 and is valid for one year from date of purchase.
Please be ready to show your ID when picking up license.
Thank you for your patience during this time.
Hunting/Fishing licenses are sold between the hours of 8:00 am and 3:30 pm, Monday through Friday.
DMP's are available starting August 1st- this is based on a lottery system through NYS- for more information please click the following link:
ONLINE DOG LICENSING
Before using the online renewal -
Please clear your browser or the incorrect service charge may appear.
The correct amount should be $1.75 per transaction.
New York State requires ALL dogs four months or older be licensed. You must provide proof of current rabies vaccination signed by a licensed veterinarian, and a spay/ neuter certificate if applicable.
Licensing Fees:
$10.00 - Local Fee + $1.00 - NYS Fee
$ 11.00 - Total
Unspayed/Unneutered
$ 18.00 – Total
Replacement Tags
Purebred Licenses
$75.00-plus applicable surcharges imposed by NYS for each purebred license, no more than ten registered purebred dogs.
$125.00- plus applicable surcharges imposed by NYS for each purebred license, more than twenty-five registered purebred dogs.
Dog License Application
Dog Control Law
NYS Agriculture and Markets Law-Article 7
2020 Free Rabies Clinics
**Provisions of the Town of Cambria Zoning Ordinance restrict the number of dogs allowed to be harbored. If you are harboring more than three dogs, please contact the Building Inspector (716) 433-8161 Ext. 126, to ensure you are in compliance with the ordinance.
**Please call the Dog Control Officer at the Niagara County SPCA (716)731-4368 for any issues regarding lost or stray dogs, or dog complaints.
Handicapped Application to take to doctor
Marriage License Information
Marriage License Fee is $40.00
Marriage Licenses are issued by the Town Clerk's Office
Monday through Friday before 3:00 PM
*Marriage Licenses are by appointment only to schedule an appointment
Please call (716) 433-7664 Ext. 136 or Ext. 110
Marriage license worksheet - to be filled out by both parties
How to obtain a marriage license
Getting Married in NYS
Information on getting married in NYS
Tamara J. Cooper, Records Access Officer; Records Management Officer
A request for access to records should be sufficiently detailed to identify the records. Where possible, the requester should supply information regarding dates, titles, or other information which may help identify the records.
All requests for public access to records should be made in writing on the prescribed form. The fee charged for copies is $.25 per page.
The New York State Committee on Open Government is responsible for overseeing the implementation of the Freedom of Information Law and the Open Meetings Law. The Freedom of Information Law governs rights of access to government records, while the Open Meetings Law concerns the conduct of meetings of public bodies and the right to attend those meetings.
The records access officer is responsible for keeping the subject matter list up to date, assisting in identifying records sought, making the records promptly available or denying access, providing copies of records or permitting the making of copies, certify that a copy is a true copy and, if the records cannot be found, certifying either that the agency does not have possession of the requested records or that the agency does have the records, but they cannot be found after diligent search.
Under regulations established by the New York State Committee on Open Government, governmental entities in New York State are required to designate a Records Access Officer to coordinate an agency's response to public requests for records.
DENIAL OF ACCESS TO RECORDS
The individual designated to hear appeals shall inform the requester of its decision in writing within seven business days of receipt of an appeal
The time for deciding an appeal by the individual or body designated to hear appeals shall commence upon receipt of written appeal identifying:
The date and location of requests for records
The records to which the requester was denied access; and
The name and return address of the requester
Denial of access shall be in writing stating the reason therefore and advising the requester of his right to appeal to the individual or body established to hear appeals, and that person or body shall be identified by name, title, business address and business telephone number.
The Town Supervisor shall hear appeals for denial of access of records under the Freedom of Information Law.
FOIL Request Application
Freedom of Information Law
Open Meetings Law
Specific questions or advice regarding either the Freedom of Information Law or the Open Meetings Law should be addressed to:
Committee on Open Government
This web site is provided as a public service by the Town of Cambria. In providing information on this site, we have attempted to be as accurate as possible. However, the Town of Cambria makes no claims, guarantees or promises about the accuracy, timeliness, or completeness of the information provided. In no event shall the Town of Cambria be liable for any errors or omissions with respect to any information on this site. If you find any errors or omissions, we encourage you to report them to townclerk@townofcambria.com.
The Town of Cambria has provided links and pointers to Internet sites maintained by third parties and may from time to time provide third party items or materials on this site. These are for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a recommendation by the Town of Cambria. Your use of a third party site is at your sole risk and without warranties of any kind by the Town of Cambria, expressed or implied.
Copyright © 2010 - 2018 Town of Cambria. All rights reserved.


Bathe your garden trees in glowing light with our collection of outside tree lights here at Moonlight Design. Our tree up-lighting is perfect for highlighting your garden's natural beauty, and can be easily installed at the base of trees using spikes. Combine our outside tree lights with any of our outdoor path lights and inground lights to create a fully illuminated and inviting outdoor space. Choose from a range of attractive effects and finishes from copper and aluminium outdoor tree lights to discreet black and grey effects to find the style to suit your tastes and needs.


Home / News / News / CULTURE DAYS at the Museum!
And we are super excited to host CULTURE DAYS at the Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre!
Come for fun and educational events for the whole family!
The Canadian Fossil Discover Centre will offer free tours, available in six different languages! English, French, Ukrainian, Spanish, Russian, and German Email programs@discoverfossils.com to reserve a spot with a language of your choice.
!!!Make sure that you registered yourself to get a FREE Tour! Registration will be closed on September 29 at 12:00 am!!!
All day long visitors can leave their personal touch on our amazing art project that will be a part of a new themed exhibit at the Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre.
We will show different DINO-movies and cartoons during this day at our Aquasaurus Theatre.