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RED SQUIRREL BABIES PROMPT EXCITEMENT
PUBLISHED: 17:25 22 August 2014 | UPDATED: 13:15 30 August 2017
carolburns
Baby-red-squirrels
Red squirrels are the most threatRed squirrels are one of the most threatened mammals in the UK and Two have been born at Trewithen Gardens
The-two-kits-in-their-nest
Two baby red squirrels have been born atTrewithenGardensnear Probus.
Known as kits, the babies' arrival has caused a great deal of excitement on the estate where three adult red squirrels - two females and a male - were first introduced in 2012 as part of the Cornwall Red Squirrel Project.
Red squirrels are one of the most threatened mammals in theUK–they are both out competed by the greys for food and habitat and are also at risk of the fatal small pox disease, which is carried and spread by the greys. As a result of the incursion of grey squirrels, reds have been extinct inCornwallsince 1984.
HRH Prince Charles is President of the Red Squirrel Survival Trust and he was the one who released the male into the purpose-built pen with the two females just over two years ago. Since then, Trewithen owner Michael Galsworthy and the estate gardening team have been looking forward to seeing kits born.
"I'm thrilled with our new arrivals and know that everyone involved in the CRSP will be too," said Mr Galsworthy. "We hadn't seen one of the females for a while and hoped that meant she was nesting but, since we didn't want to disturb her, we couldn't be sure.
"I have very fond memories of seeing red squirrels playing in front of Trewithen House in the 1950s and, although it will be some time yet before that is likely to happen again, these births are a very important step in the right direction."
All three of the Trewithen adult squirrels came fromParadisePark.
"All our staff were delighted to hear the news of Trewithen's young red squirrels," said David Woolcock, theParadisePark's Curator. "It has always been our aim to establish satellite breeding groups throughout the county to support the re-establishment efforts of the Cornwall Red Squirrel Project. This breeding success at Trewithen, with animals on loan fromParadisePark, takes us one step closer to our ultimate goal - securing the future of these wonderful native animals in the wild inCornwall."
The CRSP was set up in 2009 and is currently focusing on re-introducing red squirrels in The Lizard andWest Penwith.
"Trewithen's news is really exciting," said Natasha Collings, CRSP Coordinator. "We've been waiting in anticipation to hear if there were babies. They are very important additions to our breeding programme."
Trewithen Head Gardener Gary Long has been looking after the squirrels and said he couldn't be happier.
"The babies are so cute," he say. "Like everyone else, I've been hoping that the new mother was hiding away because she was making a nest. Seeing the kits when I went to feed the adults was like a dream come true."


Calhoun Community College students returned to class for the 2019 spring semester with some new classmates. According to a news release, among the approximately 9,000 enrolled students, 14 former Virginia College students are also in attendance.
School officials say another 37 students have submitted applications to attend Calhoun. They add several are working with Calhoun staff to complete the enrollment process.
"We are pleased that these students have selected Calhoun Community College to continue their education and career goals and we are extremely excited to welcome them to the Calhoun family," said Calhoun Interim President, Dr. Joe Burke.
According to Calhoun's Office of Admissions, the 14 students are primarily majoring in General Studies, Nursing, Surgical Technology and Computer Information Systems. Officials say several have qualified and received financial aid.
Registration continues for Calhoun's delayed-start classes, which begin March 5. For more information, contact Calhoun's Admissions Office at 256-306-2595.


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Senederm® Solutions Brightening Multi-Vitamin Treatment
This powerful treatment targets dark spots and discoloration caused by hyperpigmentation, acne, aging and sun damage to reveal brighter, firmer and more even skin tone over time.
Uploaded by: hotmess385 on 05/18/2019
Cyclopentasiloxane, Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C), Polysilicone-11, Ethylhexyl Hydroxystearate, Dimethicone Crosspolymer, Glycerin, C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Cyclodextrin, [more]Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E), Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A), Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (Vitamin C Ester), Ubiquinone (Co-Enzyme Q10), Sodium Hyaluronate, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1, Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7, Glucosamine Hcl, Laminaria Digitata Extract, Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil, Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Extract, Urea*, Solanum Lycopersicum (Tomato) Fruit/Leaf/Stem Extract, Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Oil, Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Sorbitan Laurate, C18-36 Acid Glycol Ester, Stearalkonium Hectorite, C18-36 Acid Triglyceride, Propylene Carbonate, Titanium Dioxide, Mica, Silica, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Citral, Geraniol, Lilial, Linalool, Methyl Ionone Gamma, Aqua/Water/Eau, D-Limonene
*Synthetic
#alcohol-free
Anti-acne: Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)
Antioxidant: Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C), Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E), Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (Vitamin C Ester), Ubiquinone (Co-Enzyme Q10), Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract
Cell-communicating ingredient: Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A), Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1, Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7
Skin brightening: Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C), Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (Vitamin C Ester)
Skin-identical ingredient: Glycerin, Sodium Hyaluronate, Urea*
Soothing: Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract
Sunscreen: Titanium Dioxide
Antimicrobial/antibacterial: Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract
Chelating: Cyclodextrin
Emollient: Cyclopentasiloxane, Ethylhexyl Hydroxystearate, C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil, Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Oil, Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Castor Oil, C18-36 Acid Glycol Ester, C18-36 Acid Triglyceride
Emulsifying: Sorbitan Laurate, C18-36 Acid Glycol Ester
Moisturizer/humectant: Glycerin, Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), Sodium Hyaluronate, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Extract, Urea*
Perfuming: Glycerin, Citral, Geraniol, Lilial, Linalool, Methyl Ionone Gamma, D-Limonene
Preservative: Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin
Solvent: Cyclopentasiloxane, Glycerin, Propylene Carbonate, Aqua/Water/Eau
Surfactant/cleansing: C18-36 Acid Glycol Ester
Viscosity controlling: Dimethicone Crosspolymer, Glycerin, Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Stearalkonium Hectorite, Propylene Carbonate, Silica
Cyclopentasiloxane emollient, solvent
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) antioxidant, skin brightening superstar
Ethylhexyl Hydroxystearate emollient
Dimethicone Crosspolymer viscosity controlling
C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate emollient
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride emollient
Cyclodextrin chelating
Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E) antioxidant 0, 0
Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A) cell-communicating ingredient 1-3, 1-3
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) cell-communicating ingredient, skin brightening, anti-acne, moisturizer/humectant superstar
Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (Vitamin C Ester) antioxidant, skin brightening goodie
Ubiquinone (Co-Enzyme Q10) antioxidant goodie
Sodium Hyaluronate skin-identical ingredient, moisturizer/humectant 0, 0 goodie
Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 cell-communicating ingredient goodie
Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 cell-communicating ingredient goodie
Laminaria Digitata Extract
Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil emollient goodie
Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract antioxidant, soothing, antimicrobial/antibacterial goodie
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Extract moisturizer/humectant goodie
Urea* skin-identical ingredient, moisturizer/humectant goodie
Solanum Lycopersicum (Tomato) Fruit/Leaf/Stem Extract
Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Oil emollient 0, 1-2 goodie
Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil emollient 0, 0-1
Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil emollient 0, 0 goodie
Hydrogenated Castor Oil emollient, viscosity controlling 0, 1
Sorbitan Laurate emulsifying 1-2, 1-2
C18-36 Acid Glycol Ester emollient, emulsifying, surfactant/cleansing
Stearalkonium Hectorite viscosity controlling
C18-36 Acid Triglyceride emollient
Propylene Carbonate solvent, viscosity controlling
Titanium Dioxide sunscreen goodie
Silica viscosity controlling
Phenoxyethanol preservative
Ethylhexylglycerin preservative
Citral perfuming icky
Geraniol perfuming icky
Lilial perfuming icky
Linalool perfuming icky
Methyl Ionone Gamma perfuming icky
Aqua/Water/Eau solvent
D-Limonene perfuming
SeneGence Senederm® Solutions Brightening Multi-Vitamin Treatment
What-it-does: emollient, solvent
A super commonly used 5 unit long, cyclic structured silicone that is water-thin and does not stay on the skin but evaporates from it (called volatile silicone). Similar to other silicones, it gives skin and hair a silky, smooth feel.
It's often combined with the non-volatile (i.e. stays on the skin) dimethicone as the two together form a water-resistant, breathable protective barrier on the skin without a negative tacky feel.
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) - superstar
Also-called: Vitamin C, L-ascorbic acid | What-it-does: antioxidant, skin brightening
Works best between a concentration of 5-20%
Boosts the skin's own collagen production
Fades pigmentation and brown spots
If used under sunscreen it boosts its UV protection
Extremely unstable and oxidizes very easily in presence of light or air
Stable in solutions with water only if pH is less than 3.5 or in waterless formulations
Vit E + C work in synergy and provide superb photoprotection
Ferulic acid doubles the photoprotection effect of Vit C+E and helps to stabilize Vit C
Potent Vit. C serums might cause a slight tingling on sensitive skin
Read all the geeky details about Ascorbic Acid here >>
A type of silicone elastomer (rubber-like material with both viscosity and elasticity) whose major function is forming a nice film on the skin.
It is also cosmetically very elegant with a non-tacky, non-oily and smooth skin feel. It also works as a stable delivery system of active materials, has sebum absorption and control properties and upon application, it transforms into a matte appearance with a powdery after feel.
Ethylhexyl Hydroxystearate
What-it-does: emollient
A heavy-duty emollient ester that comes in the form of a pale yellow semi-solid paste. It mainly stays on the surface of the skin and gives skin protection and occlusivity.
A high-molecular-weight silicone elastomer (rubber-like elastic material) that is usually blended with a base silicone fluid (such as dimethicone or cyclopentasiloxane) to give the formula a silky smooth feel and to act as a thickening agent.
An often used emollient with a light and silky feel. It's very mild to both skin and eyes and spreads nicely and easily. It's often used in sunscreens as it's also an excellent solvent for sunscreen agents.
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
A super common emollient that makes your skin feel nice and smooth. It comes from coconut oil and glycerin, it's light-textured, clear, odorless and non-greasy. It's a nice ingredient that just feels good on the skin, and it's also easy to formulate with. No wonder it's popular.
What-it-does: absorbent/mattifier, chelating
Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E)
Also-called: Vitamin E Acetate | What-it-does: antioxidant | Irritancy: 0 | Comedogenicity: 0
It's the most commonly used version of pure vitamin E in cosmetics. You can read all about the pure form here. This one is the so-called esterified version.
According to famous dermatologist, Leslie Baumann while tocopheryl acetate is more stable and has a longer shelf life, it's also more poorly absorbed by the skin and may not have the same awesome photoprotective effects as pure Vit E.
Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A)
Also-called: Form of Retinoids | What-it-does: cell-communicating ingredient | Irritancy: 1-3 | Comedogenicity: 1-3
It's an ester form of vitamin A (retinol + palmitic acid) that belongs to the "retinoid family". The retinoid family is pretty much the royal family of skincare, with the queen being the FDA-approved anti-aging ingredient tretinoin. Retinol is also a very famous member of the family, but it's like Prince William, two steps away from the throne. Retinyl palmitate will be then little Prince George, quite far (3 steps) away from the throne.
By steps, we mean metabolic steps. Tretinoin, aka retinoic acid, is the active ingredient our skin cells can understand and retinyl palmitate (RP) has to be converted by our metabolic machinery to actually do something. The conversion is a 3 step one and looks like this:
retinyl palmitate --> retinol -- > retinaldehyde --> all-trans-retinoic acid
As we wrote in our lengthy retinol description the problem is that the conversion is not terribly effective. The evidence that RP is still an effective anti-aging ingredient is not very strong, in fact, it's weak. Dr. Leslie Baumann in her fantastic Cosmetic Dermatology book writes that RP is topically ineffective.
What's more, the anti-aging effectiveness is not the only questionable thing about RP. It also exibits questionable behaviour in the presence of UV light and was the center of a debate between the non-profit group, EWG (whose intentions are no doubt good, but its credibility is often questioned by scientists) and a group of scientists and dermatologists lead by Steven Q. Wang, MD, director of dermatologic surgery at Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre.
Dr. Leslie Baumann wrote a great review of the debate and summarized the research available about retinyl palmitate here. It seems that there is a study showing RP being photo protective against UVB rays but there is also a study showing RP causing DNA damage and cytotoxicity in association with UVA.
We think that the truth lies somewhere in the middle, and we agree with Dr. Baumann's conclusion: "sufficient evidence to establish a causal link between RP and skin cancer has not been produced. Nor, I'm afraid, are there any good reasons to recommend the use of RP". We would add especially during the day!
Bottom line: If you wanna get serious about retinoids, RP is not your ingredient (retinol or tretinoin is!). However, if you use a product that you like and it also contains RP, there is no reason to throw it away. If possible use it at night, just to be on the safe side.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) - superstar
Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (Vitamin C Ester) - goodie
Also-called: Form of Vitamin C, Ascorbyl Isotetrapalmitate, Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate, ATIP | What-it-does: antioxidant, skin brightening
Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate is a stable, oil-soluble form of skincare big shot Vitamin C. If you do not know, why Vitamin C is such a big deal in skincare, click here and read all about it. We are massive vitamin C fans and have written about it in excruciating detail.
So now, you know that Vitamin C is great and all, but it's really unstable and gives cosmetics companies many headaches. To solve this problem they came up with vitamin C derivatives, and one of them is Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (let's call it ATIP in short).
It's a really promising candidate (see below), but while reading all the goodness about it in a minute, do not forget that derivatives not only have to be absorbed into the skin but also have to be converted to pure vitamin C (ascorbic acid or AA) and the efficacy of the conversion is often unknown. In addition, vitamin C's three magic properties (antioxidant, collagen booster, skin brightener) are all properly proven in-vivo (on real people), but for the derivatives, it's mostly in-vitro studies or in the case of ATIP, it's in-vitro and done by an ingredient supplier.
With this context in mind let's see what ATIP might be able to do. First, it is stable (if pH < 5), easy to formulate and a joy to work with for a cosmetic chemist.
Second, because it's oil-soluble, its skin penetration abilities seem to be great. So great in fact, that it surpasses the penetration of pure vitamin C threefold at the same concentration and it penetrates successfully into the deeper layers of the skin (that is usually important to do some anti-aging work). There is also in-vitro data showing that it converts to AA in the skin.
Third, ATIP seems to have all three magic abilities of pure vitamin C: it gives antioxidant protection from both UVB and UVA rays, it increases collagen synthesis (even more than AA) and it has a skin brightening effect by reducing melanogenesis by more than 80% in human melanoma cell cultures.
So this all sounds really great, but these are only in-vitro results at this point. We could find Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate mentioned only in one published in-vivo study that examined the anti-aging properties of a silicone formula containing 10% AA and 7% ATIP. The authors theorized that the 10% AA is released slowly from the silicon delivery system and probably stays in the upper layer of the skin to give antioxidant benefits, while ATIP penetrates more rapidly and deeply and gives some wrinkle-reducing benefits. The study was a small (10 patients), double-blind experiment, and the formula did show some measurable anti-aging results. However, it is hard to know how much pure vitamin C or ATIP can be thanked.
Bottom line: a really promising, but not well-proven vitamin C derivative that can be worth a try especially if you like experimenting (but if you like the tried and true, pure vitamin C will be your best bet).
Ubiquinone (Co-Enzyme Q10) - goodie
Also-called: Coenzyme Q10 | What-it-does: antioxidant
Thanks to Nivea, Q10 is a pretty well-known ingredient and the fame and Beiersdorf's (the parent company of Nivea) obsession with it are not for no reason. It's an antioxidant found naturally in human cells where it plays a big role in energy production.
In fact, it's so important for energy production that if taken as an oral supplement it has a caffeine-like effect and if taken at night you will probably not sleep very well (so you should take it in the morning). Q10 supplementation is not a bad idea: it not only gives you energy but research also shows that oral Q10 increases the Q10 level of the skin (of course, it decreases with age like pretty much every good thing in the skin) and may help to reduce wrinkles. If you are not for supplements, dietary sources include fish, spinach, and nuts.
As for skincare, Q10 comes in the form of a yellow, oil-soluble powder that's shown to absorb into the upper layer of the skin and act there like an awesome antioxidant. It not only has preventative effects but might also be able to reduce the depth of wrinkles, though 0.3% Q10 was used in the study that counts as really high (products containing that much should be very yellow!).
Sodium Hyaluronate - goodie
What-it-does: skin-identical ingredient, moisturizer/humectant | Irritancy: 0 | Comedogenicity: 0
It's the - sodium form - cousin of the famous NMF, hyaluronic acid (HA). If HA does not tell you anything we have a super detailed, geeky explanation about it here. The TL; DR version of HA is that it's a huge polymer (big molecule from repeated subunits) found in the skin that acts as a sponge helping the skin to hold onto water, being plump and elastic. HA is famous for its crazy water holding capacity as it can bind up to 1000 times its own weight in water.
As far as skincare goes, sodium hyaluronate and hyaluronic acid are pretty much the same and the two names are used interchangeably. As cosmetic chemist kindofstephen writes on reddit "sodium hyaluronate disassociates into hyaluronic acid molecule and a sodium atom in solution".
In spite of this, if you search for "hyaluronic acid vs sodium hyaluronate" you will find on multiple places that sodium hyaluronate is smaller and can penetrate the skin better. Chemically, this is definitely not true, as the two forms are almost the same, both are polymers and the subunits can be repeated in both forms as much as you like. (We also checked Prospector for sodium hyaluronate versions actually used in cosmetic products and found that the most common molecular weight was 1.5-1.8 million Da that absolutely counts as high molecular weight).
What seems to be a true difference, though, is that the salt form is more stable, easier to formulate and cheaper so it pops up more often on the ingredient lists.
If you wanna become a real HA-and-the-skin expert you can read way more about the topic at hyaluronic acid (including penetration-questions, differences between high and low molecular weight versions and a bunch of references to scientific literature).
Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 - goodie
Also-called: Part of Matrixyl 3000, Pal-GHK, Formerly also Palmitoyl Oligopeptide | What-it-does: cell-communicating ingredient
A really famous peptide that is part of Matrixyl 3000, the most sold peptide complex in the word. Before we go and find out what the big deal with Matrixyl 3000 is, let's just focus on Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 itself for a bit.
It's a small three amino acid (they are the building blocks of all proteins) peptide with the amino sequence of glycine-histidine-lysine, or GHK. GHK is attached to palmitic acid (a fatty acid) to increase oil solubility and skin penetration.
The GHK part is the important one as it's a type I collagen fragment. When collagen naturally breaks down in the skin, the resulting peptide fragments signal to the skin that it should get to work and create some nice, new collagen. Adding in collagen fragment peptides, like GHK, might trick the skin into thinking that collagen has broken down and it's time to create some more.
Therefore, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 is believed to be able to stimulate collagen production in the skin, and more collagen means fewer wrinkles and younger looking skin.
In Matrixyl 3000, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 is coupled with Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 and the duo works in synergy to reduce wrinkles and give younger looking skin. According to the manufacturer's in-vivo (made on real people) test, applying 3% Matrixyl 3000 twice a day for 2 months resulted in all of the following things:
39.4% reduction in surface occupied by deep wrinkles
32.9% reduction in main wrinkle density
19.9% reduction in main wrinkle average depth
16% improvement in roughness
16.2% in lifting effect
5.5% improvement in elasticity
15.5% improvement in skin tone
Manufacturer results, of course, always have to be taken with a pinch of salt, but if you like peptides, the Matryxil 3000 duo is one of the best-proven and most well-known ones and it's something that is worth trying.
Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 - goodie
Also-called: Part of Matrixyl 3000, Pal-GQPR, Previously Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-3 | What-it-does: cell-communicating ingredient
A four amino acid peptide with the amino sequence of glycine-glutamine-proline-arginine. It is attached to palmitic acid (a fatty acid) to increase oil solubility and skin penetration.
It works by reducing the production of the signal molecule, inteleukin-6 (IL-6) which promotes inflammation in the skin and less inflammation means slower degradation of important things (like collagen) that results in younger looking skin for a longer time.
It works in synergy with its pal, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 in the famous Matrixyl 3000 complex. You can read some more about the famous duo here.
Also-called: Horsetail Kelp Extract
Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil - goodie
Also-called: Moringa Seed Oil | What-it-does: emollient
The oil coming from the seeds of the Moringa tree, a big white-flowered tree native to India. It's a yellow oil similar to olive oil. It's rich in nourishing and moisturizing fatty acid, oleic (75%) and also contains behenic acid (up to 8%) that makes moringa very stable and gives the oil a long shelf life.
It blends easily with essential oils and can also help to stabilize scents so it's a popular oil in the perfume industry.
Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract - goodie
Also-called: Rosemary Leaf Extract | What-it-does: antioxidant, soothing, antimicrobial/antibacterial
The extract coming from the lovely herb, rosemary. It contains lots of chemicals, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and diterpenes. Its main active is rosmarinic acid, a potent antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. It has also anti-bacterial, astringent and toning properties.
The leaves contain a small amount of essential oil (1-2%) with fragrant components, so if you are allergic to fragrance, it might be better to avoid it.
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Extract - goodie
Also-called: Baker's Yeast | What-it-does: moisturizer/humectant
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) is the fancy name for common baker's yeast.
Usually different kind of yeast extracts are used in skincare for their great hydrating, and general skin conditioning properties. We could find one research paper to back this up: It has found that SC indeed increases skin moisture and had improved skin microrelief (the small wrinkles and surface irregularities of skin).
According to manufacturer info coupled with the Mexican cactus, prickly pear it also helps to reduce neurosensory irritation that might occur from potent retinol or AHA products.
Urea* - goodie
Also-called: Carbamide;Urea | What-it-does: skin-identical ingredient, moisturizer/humectant
Yes, it's the thing that can be found naturally in pee. And in the skin. It is an awesome natural moisturizing factor, aka NMF. NMFs are important components that help the skin to hold onto water and keep it plump, elastic and hydrated. Urea makes up about 7% of NMFs next to other things such as amino acids (40%), PCA (12%) or Lactate (12%).
What makes urea special, is that it is not only a simple moisturizer, but it is thought to be a "small-molecule regulator of epidermal structure and function" meaning that it has a bunch of extra biological activities. It acts as a mild keratolytic agent (some of its moisturizing action is thought to come from urea's ability to break down bonds in the protein called filaggrin and thus freeing up amino acids in the skin), enhances antimicrobial peptide expression and improves skin barrier function.
Being a mild keratolytic agent and strong moisturizer means that high-percentage (10-40%) urea treatments are found effective in a bunch of skin disorders connected to excessive dryness and malfunctioning skin barrier such as ichthyosis, xerosis, psoriasis, eczema and seborrheic dermatitis.
Overall, just like glycerin, urea is a real oldie but a goodie, a nice ingredient in any moisturizer.
Solanum Lycopersicum (Tomato) Fruit/Leaf/Stem Extract
Also-called: Tomato Fruit/Leaf/Stem Extract | What-it-does: astringent
Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Oil - goodie
Also-called: Apricot Kernel Oil | What-it-does: emollient | Irritancy: 0 | Comedogenicity: 1-2
The emollient plant oil coming from the kernel (the seed of the seed) of the delicious apricot fruit. Like other plant oils, it contains antioxidant vitamin E and nourishing fatty acids (mostly oleic acid 54-74%, linoleic acid 12-35%).
It's a nice general purpose emollient, has nourishing and moisturizing properties (as a high oleic oil it's ideal for dry skin types) and is quite easily absorbed into the skin.
Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil
Also-called: Castor Oil | What-it-does: emollient | Irritancy: 0 | Comedogenicity: 0-1
Castor oil is sourced from the castor bean plant native to tropical areas in Eastern Africa and the Mediterranean Basin. It is an age-old ingredient (it's over 4,000 years old!) with many uses including as a shoe polish, food additive and motor lubricant. You would be reasonable to think that putting shoe polish on your face wouldn't be the best idea, but it turns out castor oil has some unique properties that make it a stalwart in thick and gloss-giving formulas (think lipsticks and highlighters).
So what is so special about it? The answer is its main fatty acid, called ricinoleic acid (85-95%). Unlike other fatty acids, ricinoleic acid has an extra water-loving part (aka -OH group) on its fatty chain that gives Castor Oil several unique properties. First, it is thicker than other oils, then its solubility is different (e.g. dissolves in alcohol but not in mineral oil), and it allows all kinds of chemical modifications other oils do not, hence the lots of Castor oil-derived ingredients. It is also more glossy than other oils, in fact, it creates the highest gloss of all natural oils when applied to the skin. Other than that, it is a very effective emollient and occlusive that reduces skin moisture loss so it is quite common in smaller amounts in moisturizers.
While it is very unlikely (and this is true for pretty much every ingredient), cases of reactions to castor oil have been reported, so if your skin is sensitive, it never hurts to patch test.
Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil - goodie
Also-called: Sunflower Oil | What-it-does: emollient | Irritancy: 0 | Comedogenicity: 0
Sunflower does not need a big intro as you probably use it in the kitchen as cooking oil, or you munch on the seeds as a healthy snack or you adore its big, beautiful yellow flower during the summer - or you do all of these and probably even more. And by even more we mean putting it all over your face as sunflower oil is one of the most commonly used plant oils in skincare.
It's a real oldie: expressed directly from the seeds, the oil is used not for hundreds but thousands of years. According to The National Sunflower Association, there is evidence that both the plant and its oil were used by American Indians in the area of Arizona and New Mexico about 3000 BC. Do the math: it's more than 5000 years – definitely an oldie.
Our intro did get pretty big after all (sorry for that), so let's get to the point finally: sunflower oil - similar to other plant oils - is a great emollient that makes the skin smooth and nice and helps to keep it hydrated. It also protects the surface of the skin and enhances the damaged or irritated skin barrier. Leslie Bauman notes in Cosmetic Dermatology that one application of sunflower oil significantly speeds up the recovery of the skin barrier within an hour and sustains the results 5 hours after using it.
It's also loaded with fatty acids (mostly linoleic (50-74%) and oleic (14-35%)). The unrefined version (be sure to use that on your skin!) is especially high in linoleic acid that is great even for acne-prone skin. Its comedogen index is 0, meaning that it's pretty much an all skin-type oil.
Truth be told, there are many great plant oils and sunflower oil is definitely one of them.
What-it-does: emollient, viscosity controlling | Irritancy: 0 | Comedogenicity: 1
A chemically modified version of castor oil that results in a solid, waxy material that serves as an emollient and consistency building material.
It also has some unique moisturizing properties as it is both occlusive and humectant. The former one is common for oils and waxes and it means that it sits on top of the skin hindering water to evaporate out of the top layers. The latter one, the humectant property, is surprising and comes from the unique property of ricinoleic acid (the dominant fatty acid in castor oil) having an extra water-loving -OH group on its otherwise oil-loving fatty chain. We have some more info about this at castor oil, so if you are interested, read on here.
Sorbitan Laurate
What-it-does: emulsifying | Irritancy: 1-2 | Comedogenicity: 1-2
An ingredient that helps water and oil to mix together, aka emulsifier. Chemically speaking, it comes from the attachment of sorbitan (a dehydrated sorbitol (sugar) molecule) with the fatty acid Lauric Acid, that creates a partly water (the sorbitan part) and partly oil soluble (lauric part) molecule.
Sorbitan Laurate is a good team player that likes to work with many other emulsifiers and is compatible with a wide range of other ingredients.
C18-36 Acid Glycol Ester
What-it-does: emollient, emulsifying, surfactant/cleansing
Stearalkonium Hectorite
What-it-does: viscosity controlling
What-it-does: solvent, viscosity controlling
Titanium Dioxide - goodie
What-it-does: sunscreen
Titanium Dioxide is one of the two members of the elite sunscreen group called physical sunscreens (or inorganic sunscreens if you're a science geek and want to be precise).
Traditionally, UV-filters are categorized as either chemical or physical. The big difference is supposed to be that chemical agents absorb UV-light while physical agents reflect it like a bunch of mini umbrellas on top of the skin. While this categorization is easy and logical it turns out it's not true. A recent, 2016 study shows that inorganic sunscreens work mostly by absorption, just like chemical filters, and only a little bit by reflection (they do reflect the light in the visible spectrum, but mostly absorb in the UV spectrum).
Anyway, it doesn't matter if it reflects or absorbs, Titanium Dioxide is a pretty awesome sunscreen agent for two main reasons: it gives a nice broad spectrum coverage and it's highly stable. Its protection is very good between 290 - 350 nm (UVB and UVA II range), and less good at 350-400 nm (UVA I) range. Regular sized Titanium Dioxide also has a great safety profile, it's non-irritating and is pretty much free from any health concerns (like estrogenic effect worries with some chemical filters).
The disadvantage of Titanium Dioxide is that it's not cosmetically elegant, meaning it's a white, "unspreadable" mess. Sunscreens containing Titanium Dioxide are often hard to spread on the skin and they leave a disturbing whitish tint. The cosmetic industry is, of course, really trying to solve this problem and the best solution so far is using nanoparticles. The itsy-bitsy Nano-sized particles improve both spreadability and reduce the whitish tint a lot, but unfortunately, it also introduces new health concerns.
The main concern with nanoparticles is that they are so tiny that they are absorbed into the skin more than we want them (ideally sunscreen should remain on the surface of the skin). Once absorbed they might form unwanted complexes with proteins and they might promote the formation of evil free radicals. But do not panic, these are concerns under investigation. A 2009 review article about the safety of nanoparticles summarizes this, "to date, in-vivo and in-vitro studies have not demonstrated percutaneous penetration of nanosized particles in titanium dioxide and zinc oxide sunscreens". The English translation is, so far it looks like sunscreens with nanoparticles do stay on the surface of the skin where they should be.
All in all, Titanium Dioxide is a famous sunscreen agent and for good reason, it gives broad spectrum UV protection (best at UVB and UVA II), it's highly stable, and it has a good safety profile. It's definitely one of the best UV-filter agents we have today, especially in the US where new-generation Tinosorb filters are not (yet) approved.
Also-called: CI 77019
A super versatile and common mineral powder that comes in different particle sizes. It is a multi-tasker used to improve skin feel, increase product slip, give the product light-reflecting properties, enhance skin adhesion or serve as an anti-caking agent.
It is also the most commonly used "base" material for layered composite pigments such as pearl-effect pigments. In this case, mica is coated with one or more metal oxides (most commonly titanium dioxide) to achieve pearl effect via the physical phenomenon known as interference.
What-it-does: viscosity controlling, absorbent/mattifier
A white powdery thing that's the major component of glass and sand. In cosmetics, it's often in products that are supposed to keep your skin matte as it has great oil-absorbing abilities. It's also used as a helper ingredient to thicken up products or suspend insoluble particles.
What-it-does: preservative
It's pretty much the current IT-preservative. It's safe and gentle, but even more importantly, it's not a feared-by-everyone-mostly-without-scientific-reason paraben.
It's not something new: it was introduced around 1950 and today it can be used up to 1% worldwide. It can be found in nature - in green tea - but the version used in cosmetics is synthetic.
Other than having a good safety profile and being quite gentle to the skin it has some other advantages too. It can be used in many types of formulations as it has great thermal stability (can be heated up to 85°C) and works on a wide range of pH levels (ph 3-10).
It's often used together with ethylhexylglycerin as it nicely improves the preservative activity of phenoxyethanol.
If you have spotted ethylhexylglycerin on the ingredient list, most probably you will see there also the current IT-preservative, phenoxyethanol. They are good friends because ethylhexylglycerin can boost the effectiveness of phenoxyethanol (and other preservatives) and as an added bonus it feels nice on the skin too.
Also, it's an effective deodorant and a medium spreading emollient.
Citral - icky
What-it-does: perfuming
It's a common fragrance ingredient that smells like lemon and has a bittersweet taste. It can be found in many plant oils, e.g. lemon, orange, lime or lemongrass.
It's one of the "EU 26 fragrances" that has to be labelled separately (and cannot be simply included in the term "fragrance/perfume" on the label) because of allergen potential. Best to avoid if your skin is sensitive.
Geraniol - icky
Geraniol is a common fragrance ingredient. It smells like rose and can be found in rose oil or in small quantities in geranium, lemon and many other essential oils.
Just like other similar fragrance ingredients (like linalool and limonene) geraniol also oxidises on air exposure and becomes allergenic. Best to avoid if you have sensitive skin.
Lilial - icky
Also-called: Butylphenyl Methylpropional | What-it-does: perfuming
A common fragrance ingredient that has a nice floral scent and also goes by the name Lilial. It's one of the "EU 26 fragrances" that has to be labelled separately (and cannot be simply included in the term "fragrance/perfume" on the label) because of allergen potential. Best to avoid if your skin is sensitive.
Linalool - icky
What-it-does: perfuming, deodorant
Linalool is a super common fragrance ingredient. It's kind of everywhere - both in plants and in cosmetic products. It's part of 200 natural oils including lavender, ylang-ylang, bergamot, jasmine, geranium and it can be found in 90-95% of prestige perfumes on the market.
The problem with linalool is, that just like limonene it oxidises on air exposure and becomes allergenic. That's why a product containing linalool that has been opened for several months is more likely to be allergenic than a fresh one.
A study made in the UK with 483 people tested the allergic reaction to 3% oxidised linalool and 2.3% had positive test results.
Methyl Ionone Gamma - icky
It's a common fragrance ingredient that is one of the "EU 26 fragrances" that has to be labelled separately (and cannot be simply included in the term "fragrance/perfume" on the label) because of allergen potential. Best to avoid if your skin is sensitive.
Aqua/Water/Eau
Product: SeneGence Senederm® Solutions Brightening Multi-Vitamin Treatment
what‑it‑does emollient | solvent
It's a super commonly used water-thin volatile silicone that gives skin and hair a silky, smooth feel. [more]
what‑it‑does antioxidant | skin brightening
Pure Vitamin C. A skincare superstar that is clinically proven to boost collagen production (in 5-20% concentration), fade hyperpigmentation and boost UV protection under sunscreen. Also, it's extremely unstable and hard to formulate. [more]
A type of silicone elastomer (rubber-like material with both viscosity and elasticity) whose major function is forming a nice film on the skin. [more]
A heavy-duty emollient ester that mainly stays on the surface of the skin and gives skin protection and occlusivity.
A high-molecular-weight silicone elastomer (rubber-like elastic material) that is usually blended with a base silicone fluid (such as dimethicone or cyclopentasiloxane) to give the formula a silky smooth feel and to act as a thickening agent. [more]
A very common emollient that makes your skin feel nice and smooth. Comes from coconut oil and glycerin, it's light-textured, clear, odorless and non-greasy. [more]
what‑it‑does chelating
what‑it‑does antioxidant
A form of vitamin E that works as an antioxidant. Compared to the pure form it's more stable, has longer shelf life, but it's also more poorly absorbed by the skin. [more]
what‑it‑does cell-communicating ingredient
irritancy, com. 1-3, 1-3
An ester form of vitamin A (retinol + palmitic acid) that is pretty much the least effective member of the retinoid family. Its anti-aging effects are quite questionable as well as its behavior in the presence of UVA light. (Use it at night if possible!) [more]
A stable, oil-soluble form of Vitamin C, that might have (in-vitro results) all the magic abilities of pure vitamin C (antioxidant, collagen booster, skin brightener). [more]
Q10 - an antioxidant found naturally in human cells where it plays an important role in energy production. As for skincare, it works as an awesome antioxidant that might also be able to reduce wrinkle depth. [more]
what‑it‑does skin-identical ingredient | moisturizer/humectant
It's the salt form of famous humectant and natural moisturizing factor, hyaluronic acid. It can bind huge amounts of water and it's pretty much the current IT-moisturizer. [more]
A three amino acid peptide that is part of famous peptide duo, Matrixyl 3000. It's a type I collagen fragment that might be able to trick the skin to think that collagen broke down and it's time to create some new one. [more]
The pal of Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 in Matrixyl 3000. A four amino acid peptide that works by reducing the production of the signal molecule, inteleukin-6 (IL-6) that promotes inflammation in the skin. [more]
An emollient plant oil that is rich in nourishing and moisturizing fatty acid, oleic (75%) and also contains behenic acid (up to 8%) that makes moringa very stable and gives the oil a long shelf life. [more]
what‑it‑does antioxidant | soothing | antimicrobial/antibacterial
Rosemary leaf extract - Its main active is rosmarinic acid, a potent antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. It has also anti-bacterial, astringent and toning properties. [more]
what‑it‑does moisturizer/humectant
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) is the fancy name for common baker's yeast. Usually different kind of yeast extracts are used in skincare for their great hydrating, and general skin conditioning properties. [more]
The thing in the pee that is also a natural moisturizing factor (NMF) with mild keratolytic and strong skin moisturizing superpowers. [more]
Apricot Kernel Oil - a nice general purpose emollient plant oil with vitamin E and fatty acids (mostly oleic acid 54-74%, linoleic acid 12-35%). [more]
Castor oil is sourced from the castor bean plant native to tropical areas in Eastern Africa and the Mediterranean Basin. It is an age-old ingredient (it's over 4,000 years old!) with many uses including as a shoe polish, food additive and motor lubricant. [more]
Sunflower Oil - it's a great emollient that protects & enhances the skin barrier. [more]
A chemically modified version of castor oil that results in a solid, waxy material that serves as an emollient and consistency building material. It also has some unique moisturizing properties as it is both occlusive and humectant. The former one is common for oils and waxes and it means that it sits on top of the skin hindering water to evaporate out of the top layers. [more]
An ingredient that helps water and oil to mix together, aka emulsifier. Chemically speaking, it comes from the attachment of sorbitan (a dehydrated sorbitol (sugar) molecule) with the fatty acid Lauric Acid, that creates a partly water (the sorbitan part) and partly oil soluble (lauric part) molecule. Sorbitan Laurate is a good team player that likes to work with many other emulsifiers and [more]
what‑it‑does emollient | emulsifying | surfactant/cleansing
what‑it‑does solvent | viscosity controlling
what‑it‑does sunscreen
A physical/inorganic sunscreen with pretty broad spectrum (UVB and UVA II, less good at UVA I) protection and good stability. Might leave some whitish tint on the skin, though. [more]
A mineral powder used to improve skin feel, increase product slip, give the product some light-reflecting properties, enhance skin adhesion or serve as an anti-caking agent. A real multi-tasker. [more]
A white powdery thing that can mattify the skin and thicken up cosmetic products. [more]
what‑it‑does preservative
Pretty much the current IT-preservative. It's safe and gentle, and can be used up to 1% worldwide. [more]
It can boost the effectiveness of phenoxyethanol (and other preservatives) and as an added bonus it feels nice on the skin too. [more]
what‑it‑does perfuming
A common fragrance ingredient that smells like lemon. [more]
A common fragrance ingredient that smells like rose and can be found in rose oil. [more]
A common fragrance ingredient that has a nice floral scent and also goes by the name Lilial. It's one of the "EU 26 fragrances" that has to be labelled separately (and cannot be simply included in the term "fragrance/perfume" [more]
A super common fragrance ingredient that can be found among others in lavender, ylang-ylang, bergamot or jasmine. The downside of it is that it oxidises on air exposure and might become allergenic. [more]
It's a common fragrance ingredient that is one of the "EU 26 fragrances" that has to be labelled separately (and cannot be simply included in the term "fragrance/perfume" [more]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Voucher Regione Piemonte
Voucher Vacanze Regione Piemonte 2022*
Voucher Vacanze Regione Piemonte 2022 sale restarts on 5 of September; voucher can be used in the following months: December 2022, January 2023, February 2023 and March 2023 (periods may vary from consorzio to consorzio).
The promotion is valid for stays of a minimum of 4 consecutive nights, 2 paid by the guest, 1 offered by the Piedmont Region and 1 offered by the accommodation.
Overnight stays can be used from 1/12/2022 to 31/03/2023.
The maximum number of vouchers that can be purchased per person per facility is 2 (1 room = 1 voucher).
All reservations are PREPAID and NOT-REFUNDABLE: the payment is required at the time of booking by credit card to be entered on the online platform.
Promotion is not repeatable at the same facility on consecutive dates (except for 14-night stays).
Any changements must be agreed directly with the accommodation facility; changements are subject to availability.
Please note that a maximum of 150,00 euro per person will be covered by the voucher; if you select a double single use with a higher price, the difference will be covered by you.
Axtras and city tax are not included and will be settled at check-in time.
*LR 13/2020 art. 24 – LR 5/2022 art. 2 – DGR n. 12-5235 del 21/06/2022


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FLIP TAXES
Legal Line Question of the Week Flip Taxes I am representing the owner of a co-op apartment that is in the process of selling her apartment. The co-op board has just implemented a flip tax (the "Flip Tax") and the seller is concerned that the Flip Tax is going to decrease the value of her apartment. What are the steps that a co-op board must follow in order to implement a Flip Tax? Will the seller have to pay the Flip Tax when she sells her apartment? A Flip Tax is a fee that a co-op charges (usually to the seller) upon the sale of the apartment. The general purpose of the Flip Tax is to increase revenue for the co-op without raising monthly maintenance fees. The origin of the Flip Tax dates back to the early days of co-op conversions when investors were buying co-ops (with no intention of living in the co-op) and then flipping" the apartment for a profit. The Flip Tax was a way for the co-op to get a shar
The New RESPA Rules on Mortgage Lending
THE DAY THE CLOSINGS STOOD STILL As of October 3, 2015 the federal government enacted new RESPA rules on all mortgage lending which will have a dramatic impact on closings, the affect of which will not be felt for approximately two months or when these transactions are scheduled to close. The TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosures (TRID) system, overseen by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), was implemented this past Saturday . Starting now, lenders will use two new forms to explain the details of mortgages, a loan estimate which must be given to a borrower no later than the third business day after the borrower applies and a final closing disclosure which borrowers must receive three business days prior to closing. The HUD-1 Settlement Statement which has been the traditional document issued by settlement agents at closings throughout the country is now a thing of the past. Replacing the final truth-in-lending statement and the HUD-1 Settlement Statement will b
A Beautiful, Handy Guide to New York's Most Iconic Buidings
Drawing / painting / photographing the buildings of New York City is a popular (and pretty ) hobby, and the latest architectural artistry from Pop Chart Lab distills the streetscape down to 54 significant structures , from local monuments like the Washington Square Arch to the world-famous One World Trade Center to the historic Plaza Hotel . Called " Splendid Structures of New York City ," the poster orders the buildings by height and includes each building's address, year of construction, and architectural style. A few things to note: Pop Chart Lab used each building's full height, including spires , so One World Trade Center is listed at 1,792 feet, not 1,776 (same goes for the Empire State Building and other skyscrapers on the chart). Additionally, the construction date is the year construction started on the building. "We decided to go with the date of construction since some buildings undergo constant or lengthy renovations/additions,"
Q4 2014 REAL ESTATE MARKET REPORT - Rutenberg - The Smart Brokers
Q4 2014 REAL ESTATE MARKET REPORT The Federal Reserve Beige Book reports that construction and real estate activity expanded across the country in the fourth quarter of 2014, and banks reported steady demand for consumer and residential mortgages. New York City 's co-op and condo market showed continued strength at the end of 2014 that has seamlessly carried over into the new year. On the rental side , rents in Manhattan and Brooklyn are up five percent from a year ago while Queens rents have been fairly steady. Luckily for all sectors and boroughs, multi-family construction remains robust. Lean inventory and strong demand were consistent themes when discussing an increase in New York City average sales prices for 2014. In a November report, Streeteasy noted that Manhattan 's inventory was "nearly 20 percent beneath a five-year monthly average." REBNY also alluded to this in its most recent report, which notes that New York 's residential sale
Legal Question: UCC-1 Filing Requirements and Co-ops
I am a real estate salesperson and I was recently at a co-op closing which was delayed because the UCC-1 filing statement was incorrect due to a change in the law relating to UCC-1 filings. Can you please explain what a UCC-1 is and how the law has changed? When a purchaser buys a co-op apartment and is also obtaining a loan, the bank that is making the loan will file a Uniform Commercial Code financing statement (the "UCC-1"). The UCC-1: (i) creates a lien against the co-op purchaser's shares and proprietary lease (this is similar to a mortgage in a real property transaction), (ii) is filed in the county clerk's office where the co-op is located and (iii) gives notice to the public that the bank has a lien against the co-op purchaser's shares and proprietary lease. In order to file the UCC-1, the bank must follow certain rules set forth in the Uniform Commercial Code (the "Code"). Recently there was a revision to the Code regarding the way that the purchaser's name appears on th
NYC's Best New Architecture, From the High Line to One WTC
it's time to make up a bunch of awards and hand them out to the most deserving people, places and things in the real estate, architecture and neighborhood universes of New York City! Yep, it's time for the 11th Annual Curbed Awards ! Up now: the best of New York City's new architecture. [Photo by Iwan Ban/the High Line] Award for the Overall Best New Addition to New York City The third and final leg of the High Line opened in September, completing a 15-year process that completely transformed what was one a neglected elevated rail line. The James Corner-designed project had been lauded around the world—and in New York—and it has become one of the city's biggest attractions. No matter what you think of the tourists crowding the walkways, the High Line is a beautiful space and there's no denying that it deserves the praise. [56 Leonard by Field Condition] The Fun to Watch Rise Award The coming years will see a fantastic variety of buildings that break
A Beautiful, Handy Guide to New York's Most Iconic...
Q4 2014 REAL ESTATE MARKET REPORT - Rutenberg - Th...
NYC's Best New Architecture, From the High Line to...


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Home Chevron icon It indicates an expandable section or menu, or sometimes previous / next navigation options. Health
I switched to using a menstrual cup last year and it's been genuinely life-changing — I only wish I'd known about it sooner
Mara Leighton
The Lena Menstrual Cup ($27) is the best menstrual product I've found. I wish someone had told me about it sooner.
When you buy through our links, Insider may earn an affiliate commission. Learn more.
Menstrual cups have been genuinely life-changing for me.
They're convenient, comfortable, cost-effective, and reusable. The Lena ($27) is my go-to.
Want more options? We like these menstrual cups for every budget.
Lena Menstrual Cup
Originally $31.90Save 16%
Just as many people with uteruses do, I used tampons and pads for the first 15 years of having a period. And for many of those years, I'd have moments that were inconvenienced by regular uncontrollable bleeding. Even when layering a tampon and pad, I'd often bleed through on the first few nights of each cycle. Public outings without easy access to bathroom breaks — think sleepovers, field trips, or camping — used to make me anxious. That is until I discovered menstrual cups.
The Lena Cup is made from 100% medical-grade silicone and comes in two sizes.
I started using the Lena Menstrual Cup more than a year ago, and it's solved so many of the worst inconveniences of my period that I can't believe I went through high school without one. If we were encouraged to speak openly about the completely normal experience of having a period, I don't think it wouldn't have taken me so long to try a menstrual cup. That's why I talk about them so much with my friends, and why I'm writing this now.
Why I prefer using a menstrual cup
It's cost-effective. At $27, the Lena Menstrual Cup is more expensive than a box of tampons or pads. But if you can swing it once, you won't need to buy another for up to 10 years which should save you a considerable amount of money over time. To clean the cup, you just rinse it in cold water and wash it with a mild soap. If you find a cheaper option you trust, it probably works about as well. I've also used Saalt's menstrual cup and, aside from ridges on the tail, there's not much difference between it and Lena's version.
It's convenient. I insert my Lena Menstrual Cup at the beginning of my period and, from that point onward, I literally never worry about being unprepared in public. Every tool I need is either in the bathroom (water, soap) or my body (the cup) already. Since it holds up to 12 hours of blood, I've also never experienced leaking (though I do remove, empty, and replace the cup more often on heavier days).
It's reusable. This is another point for cost efficiency and convenience, but being reusable also means it's less wasteful. Since you can reuse a silicone cup over and over and over again, you're not routinely purchasing disposable products such as cotton tampons.
It's comfortable. Tampons and pads aren't too bad, but the period cups feel the most seamless to me. I sometimes forget I have my period with this in — no pad, no strings hanging, no weird positioning of a tampon to make me uncomfortable.
Cons to consider
I won't lie to you: There was a short learning curve in removal. I first used Saalt's version, which doesn't have grooves on its tail-like piece (to help you get a grip) and I had to try a few times to remove it in the early days. But by about the second or third cycle, I became a pro. For me, the trick is to relax and pinch the base of the cup itself rather than the tail. You can read more about how to use a menstrual cup here.
Menstrual cups have been life-changing for me. The Lena Menstrual Cup has given me comfort, cost efficiency, and, the things I prize the most — security and convenience — around my period. I haven't experienced leaks or been desperately in need of a tampon in public for over a year now. If you're interested, I highly recommend giving it a try.
Senior Education and Personal Development Reporter, Insider Reviews
Mara Leighton is the senior education and personal development reporter for Insider Reviews. In the spring of 2020, Mara spearheaded Insider Reviews' new education beat. She's reported on Yale's most popular course on happiness as well as essential workforce recovery programs, free instructional courses for non-ICU workers on operating mechanical ventilators, and a Johns Hopkins' contact tracing course designed to fill thousands of remote jobs. She's interviewed Google executives, presidential policy committee members, best-selling authors, leading researchers and professors, and NBC's Chuck Todd in her education coverage. She's most interested in personal development, skill-building, industry shifts, and increased accessibility for learners of all ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. Previously, Mara covered e-commerce for Business Insider from 2017-2020. She's written thousands of reviews and explainers, profiled emerging and established D2C companies, blogged through major retail events, and forecasted and analyzed industry trends. She also produced the vertical's weekly newsletter. Say hello at mleighton@businessinsider.com or tweet her @maraleighton. Learn more about how our team of experts tests and reviews products at Insider here. Learn more about how we review educational and personal development products.
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More: IP Health Women's health IP Reviews Insider Reviews 2021
Under $30 Sprint


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Michael E. Lackey
PartnerMayer BrownConnect
Mike Lackey serves on Mayer Brown's Partnership Board. Mike also co-chairs the firm's Electronic Discovery and Records Management Practice, leads the Washington, D.C. office litigation practice, and chairs the firm's Automated Practice Support Group. Mike's practice focuses on civil and criminal litigation and electronic discovery. He represents major companies and individuals in state and federal proceedings, including multi-district and class action litigation, government contract disputes, and appeals. Mike also has represented defendants in numerous grand jury proceedings and governmental investigations. In addition, he is nationally recognized for his knowledge of electronic discovery issues and serves as a member of the Board of Advisors to the Georgetown University Law School Advanced E-Discovery Institute. Mike is an award-winning adjunct professor of advanced appellate advocacy at the George Washington University Law School.
Prior to joining Mayer Brown, Michael served as Associate Independent Counsel in the Office of Independent Counsel of David M. Barrett from1997-1998. Before then, he was a lieutenant in the US Navy and graduated from the prestigious "Top Gun" school in 1987. He has a degree in aeronautical and astronautical engineering from MIT. Because of his military, engineering, class action, and appellate background, he is often sought to handle litigation where it is necessary to understand and distill complex technical and legal concepts.
Connect In-Person With Michael E. Lackey At:
Three Day-CLE EVENT-The Masters Conference 13th East Coast Event


Pug Dogs – Why Register Them? " "
You are here: Home / Pug Care / Pug Dogs – Why Register Them?
Pug Dogs – Why Register Them?
Greatly improves your chances of finding a lost dog – Pug dogs that have a licensed tag are more likely to be reunited with their owners compared to dogs without a license. When a dog is registered and is reported missing, it is much easier for the animal service you are registered with to locate you.
Well worth the money – It does cost money to register your dog. Depending on where you live this fee may be annual or it may be a one time expense. Regardless of the policy, if your Pug dogs go missing and are found by the animal service they are registered with, you won't be charged any fees if you retrieve the dog from them right away. However, if the dog isn't registered and animal services found your dog, you'd be charged an impounding fee as well as an additional boarding fee. Not to mention, if you really love your dog, can you put a price on his safety and wellbeing?
Promotes population and disease control – When you register your Pug dogs you are showing responsibility as an owner. It shows that you not only care about your dog, but you also care about the wellbeing of other dogs and respect other owners. Owners who register their dogs are more likely to have their dogs spayed and neutered as well as regularly vaccinated.
Check out what the regulations are for licensing your dog in your area, and make sure that when your Pug dogs are licensed that he wears his tags at all times, especially when he is outside.


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Filed to: ridesharingFiled to: ridesharing
Source: Google Blog
Self-driving cars are now closer to reality than sci-fi. Several automotive giants already report being into late stages of pilots, and more progressive tech companies like Google and Tesla are already testing out those driverless vehicles on the roads.
Ridesharing industry has already disrupted travel in many ways. In fact, the recent strike by Uber and Lyft drivers proves this. The action made national news because it had the potential to impact so many. Ridesharing has also impacted the car rental industry and taxi services, much like Airbnb has done to the hotel industry. Now, something new has the potential to shake things up again, autonomous ridesharing.
What is Autonomous Ridesharing?
Autonomous ridesharing combines popular ridesharing or hailing services with emerging, autonomous vehicle technology. In other words, in the future, your Lyft or Uber could be driverless.
Which Companies Are Adopting Ridesharing?
Waymo, Ford, Lyft, Uber, and other companies are making real strides towards combining autonomous vehicles with ridesharing services. Waymo has been testing autonomous ridesharing in the Phoenix area. Ford has plans to use autonomous vehicles to disrupt ride hailing and delivery services.
Is This Good News or Bad News?
Clearly, the major players in ridesharing are buying into autonomous vehicles. However, it remains to be seen whether or not autonomous vehicles will become commonplace. There's always the possibility that much of this is about theatrics and publicity, not so much about mainstream adoption. Still, in one way or another, autonomous vehicles and ridesharing services are going to combine.
So, what does that mean for the rest of us? Below, are the positives and negatives of autonomous vehicle technology and ridesharing services.
Consumer Fears Could Impact Acceptance
Perception is very important. In fact, it can have more of an impact than reality. As of now, many people have difficulty imagining feeling safe in a driverless car. This is in spite of the fact that self driving cars have a better track record when it comes to safety.
This leads to an important worry. Will people willingly get into cars that don't have a driver? Perhaps not if they feel they will be at increased risk.
There Will be Potential For Customers to Save Money With Ridesharing Subscriptions
Right now, ridesharing, business model is based on that of taxi services. A customer needs a ride, they purchase that ride, and they pay for it. Long term customers might use gift cards, or put money 'on account' to avoid creating new transactions, but that's the extent of it.
With autonomous vehicles, riders might engage with these services differently. This could include purchasing ride subscriptions. This has the most potential happening in areas where autonomous vehicles are operated in fleets, and drive in routes similar to public transportation. Imagine buying a year long subscription that enables you to hop on any autonomous vehicle in a fleet of cars that services an entire metropolitan area.
Until The Technology is Perfected There is Risk of Personal Injury
Autonomous vehicles might be statistically safer than other vehicles, but that doesn't mean they are in the clear entirely. People have been hurt or killed in accidents involving autonomous vehicles. The cause of these accidents must be investigated and dealt with. In order for self driving cars to earn mainstream acceptance, car manufacturers and ridesharing services must show a firm commitment to the following:
Establishing clear safety standards
Sharing safety related insights and information with other companies in this space.
Supporting safety regulations that ensure the safety of customers and the general public.
Establishing safety testing protocols.
Allowing accidents to be thoroughly investigated by third parties.
Emphasizing transparency when accidents or near accidents occur.
This is also an area where public education needs to be the focus. Until the average person understands that autonomous vehicles are often safer, they're perceptions won't change.
Of course, accidents do happen. When they do, the matter of liability can be an issue. David Brauns, founding partner at Brauns Law, PC says, "When someone becomes injured by an unmanned vehicle, they deserve to be compensated fairly for their injuries. However, determining just who is liable can be challenging. It's a new area of law where there aren't necessarily a lot of precedents. It is a wise idea for owners of autonomous vehicles to ensure that they have adequate insurance coverage."
Some Problematic Practices Have Been Revealed Regarding Safety Testing of AV
Speaking of accidents and injuries, a pedestrian was recently struck and killed by a self driving vehicle. Further investigations into the tragedy, and how self driving cars interact with their surroundings revealed something very troublesome. People with dark skin are more likely to be struck by autonomous vehicles.
Of course that's not by design. However, it does reveal a frustrating lack of awareness on the part of those making and testing these vehicles. How is it that nobody took darker skin tones into consideration when they built and tested the sensors that detect pedestrians and other objects? Oversights like this create a lack of trust.
Public Transportation Could Become Gentrified Out of Existence
Some people believe that ridesharing will kill public transportation. That could be a dangerous thing for low SES individuals who rely on public transit to get to school, work, shopping, and elsewhere. Public transportation is significantly less expensive than roadsharing. Without that option, low income families could struggle with accessing goods and services.
What happens if this is the case? For one thing, ridesharing will see wider adoption in areas where people can afford to use these services regularly. In areas where people cannot afford to use these services, there could be a negative, economic impact of people lose access to public transportation. There might even be an environmental impact as low income families hold onto vehicles that emit large amounts of pollutants.
If Lyft, Uber, and other companies begin to use fleets of autonomous vehicles, this could bring about the demise of public transit more rapidly than expected. Until ridesharing services find a way to offer prices scaled to the needs of low income individuals, this is going to remain a concern.
Combining Ridesharing And AV Could Reduce Traffic Congestion And Smog
Economic concerns aside, there are certainly benefits to having networks of driverless cars available in urban centers. These fleets, especially those containing vehicles that are able to transport groups of passengers could mean fewer vehicles on the road. This could lead to less traffic congestion and air pollution.
Ridesharing Could Expand Into Underserved Areas
When ATMs first came on the market, there was much speculation that bank tellers would be replaced by machines. That didn't happen. Instead, thanks to ATM's banks were able to serve more customers, and expand their offerings. The same could happen for ridesharing services thanks to the introduction of autonomous vehicles.
There are still wide areas that aren't served by ride hailing services whatsoever. Then there are those that are grossly underserved. For example, a rural area outside of a city could technically be within the service area of Uber and Lyft, but not practically. There might be a lack of drivers at most times, or riders could find themselves waiting a significant amount of time to be picked up. Driverless vehicles could help with this by allowing rideshare companies to provide services where there is a lack of drivers.
There's a lot to unpack when it comes to autonomous vehicles and ridesharing platforms. While the end result of this may be improved transportation systems, there are still challenges that both rideshare companies and the general public must navigate. Driverless cars might be an inevitability, but it doesn't seem as if widespread adoption will happen immediately.
How Gaming Became Such a Serious Business


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Osynliga partiet, förkortning ( ), var en kampanj med anspelning på politisk partibildning, verksamt 2006, grundad av delar av den svenska utomparlamentariska vänstern, med kopplingar till Syndikalistiska ungdomsförbundet inför riksdagsvalet 2006. Konceptet beskrevs på följande sätt enligt en blogg som drevs av anhängare till Osynliga partiet:

Namnet Osynliga partiet var ursprungligen ett begrepp som den utomparlamentariska vänstern använde som syftning på allt motstånd som sker i "den sociala fabriken" oavsett om de som gör motstånd identifierar det som politiskt eller inte. Det är alltså handlingarna som är det viktiga, till skillnad från medlemsantal eller åsikter.

Osynliga Partiet meddelade på sin hemsida att kampanjen är nerlagd sedan den 16 september 2006.

Bakgrund

I mars 2006 erhöll kampanjen Osynliga partiet hundra tusen kronor av Petter Nilsson, vinnaren av TV-serien Toppkandidaterna, som skänkte 40 procent av vinstsumman på 250 000 kr till Syndikalistiska ungdomsförbundet. Det var också då Osynliga partiet fick uppmärksamhet i media för första gången.

Osynliga partiet blev senare omnämnt i massmedia i samband med demonstrationer på Södermalm i Stockholm den 11 april 2006, när elva personer greps av polisen.

Fraktioner av Osynliga partiet har också tagit på sig ansvaret för fönsterkrossning och klotter mot Centerpartiets och Kristdemokraternas lokaler runt om i landet. Attentaten misstänks vara i protest mot Centerpartiets förslag om särskilda avtal för nyanställda ungdomar (se Ungdomsavtalet).

Fraktioner av Osynliga partiet har efter detta stått bakom flera andra demonstrationer, men också aktioner mot olika arbetsförmedlingar runt om i landet (med både fönsterkrossning och saftkalas). De menar att Arbetsförmedlingen "förnedrar och disciplinerar" arbetslösa utan att bidra till att ge dem jobb.

Osynliga partiet har inte gjort några officiella uttalanden, men däremot har pressmeddelanden undertecknade "fraktioner av Osynliga partiet" publicerats på den autonoma webbportalen Motkraft.

Efter händelserna har Säpo inlett en kartläggning av Osynliga partiet. Man hade också under 2006 utökat personskydd för Maud Olofsson.

Referenser

Externa länkar

Autonomism
Kampanjer
Socialism i Sverige
Vänsterextrema partier i Sverige
Anarkism i Sverige
Wikipedia:Projekt neutralitet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Highlights of BPM 2015
Ableton Certified Trainer, and resident Maschine Trainer Tom Lonsborough shares a few highlights from BPM 2015 @ The N.E.C
Below you can see one of the inflatable learning zones – I had a great response to the workshop I did on sampling from records, and how it has been potentially in decline over the past few years. As I discussed in the workshop, Mixmag recently carried out a survey in which people voted for their favourite piece of dance music. Of the top 10, 7 contained samples and only 1 track had been made since 2000, the others were all pre-millenium: food for thought. If you're interested in learning more about manipulating samples and structuring music around them, take a look at our music composition course here.
Yamaha have released a new set of keyboards inspired by their successes of the past. My favourite of the 4 was the DX, a recreation of the classic DX7. It had a very similar sound to the original – perhaps a fraction thinner because the DX has only 4 operators as opposed to the original's 6, and perhaps a little cleaner, but still produced a beautifully rich sound – DX7 Bass anyone? What gives it an edge over the original for me is the intuitive interface: users of the DX7 will tell you how hard it is to design a patch- the DX however has an easy to use menu with a larger more detailed screen, plus built in effects. The only let down for each of the new keyboards is the toy-like size. Would have been better if they'd gone for perhaps a Korg-style 80% size keyboard rather than Micro-Korg sized mini keys. Still, my DX7 will be for sale shortly to replace it with one of these beauties anyway.
I visited the Roli stand and had a play with their potentially groundbreaking MIDI controller, the Seaboard. It is laid out in a similar way to a traditional keyboard, but allows for much more expression in your playing than a regular MIDI controller keyboard. You have 3 dimensional control over parameters: downward pressure/aftertouch, vertical movement up and down a key, and movement left/right once you've pressed a key. The feel of the device takes some getting used to as someone who is used to a traditional keyboard – the material feels a little bit like skin, but I can imagine that with a bit of practice the scope for modulating a sound successfully will be massive. If you're looking to get in to sound design and synthesis, you can study this with us as part of music production diploma course – more details available here.
Although it's been out a while now, I finally had chance to have a play on Korg's reissue of the Arp Odyssey. It's a wonderful, fat sounding piece of kit if you're into your vintage sounds. As you can see – it's fully analogue therefore no presets! You have to craft a sound from scratch each time which is a rewarding process, if a little time consuming, but that's part of the charm. It's all to easy just to load a bank of presets up on Sylenth without any thought these days.. It's certainly not for everyone, but if you're after that special Arp sound look no further.
Novation are probably best known for their excellent range of Ableton Live controllers, however historically they have also made some great sounding synthesisers. I couldn't resist having a play on their new limited edition 'MoroderNova' which is essentially the same synth design as their MiniNova synth, but with some Giorgio Moroder-flavoured presets from some of his classic tracks. Considering the size of the synth, it packs a big sound and faithfully replicates the signature sounds of tracks like 'I feel love' (worth the price for that preset alone!) There are only going to be a few hundred of these units made, so if you're a fan of the man with the moustache, grab one while you can. Why not visit our YouTube page for analysis and tips on recreating classic tracks?
Finally, alongside all the music production goodies, there was the usual turnout of amazing turntablists who I never tire of watching. DJ technology has advanced at a ridiculous rate over the past few years, but for me you'll never beat the 1s and 2s! If you'd like to be up here next year, why not take a look at our DJ courses here.
https://schoolofelectronicmusic.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Tom-Lonsborough-at-BPM.jpg 266 710 Lucy Ironmonger https://schoolofelectronicmusic.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/SEM-WHITE-WEBSITE.png Lucy Ironmonger2015-09-17 10:00:572020-05-06 12:30:52Highlights of BPM 2015
Final Spaces Remaining for our Open Day Happening this Saturday!
15 Ways To Get Your Music Played On The Radio : Part One.
MMS Sessions #004: Artifact
Student Success: Gavin Philpotts becomes IllumiNaughty Visual Decor Architect
Beatport Remix Competition : Tutorial on Remixing
How to make 'Jack' by Breach
Student Success Curtis Jay on becoming an Events Promoter Student Success: Gavin Philpotts becomes IllumiNaughty Visual Decor Archite...


A funny mug for a teenager who cannot bear to be without wifi.
A great stocking filler for a teenager, or gift for teen. Our funny mug might apply to some adults too!
Many parents of teenagers will understand all too well the sentiment of this funny mug. It's sure to raise a smile on Christmas day.
Bone china funny mug, printed in our studio in Hertfordshire.


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Flourish Integrated Therapy's Spring 2019 group programs are now enrolling! We have social groups for all ages and abilities. Call us at 614-545-8300 or email info@flourishohio.com. Don't see something you are looking for? Call us, we are here to meet the needs of our community!
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[FFmpeg-devel] [PATCH 1/2] buffersink: Implement a poll function. With this the application can find out how many frames are available.
Previous message: [FFmpeg-devel] [PATCH 1/2] buffersink: Implement a poll	function. With this the application can find out how many	frames are available.
Next message: [FFmpeg-devel] [PATCH 1/2] buffersink: Implement a poll	function. With this the application can find out how many	frames are available.
> + * Gets the number of immedeatly available frames.
>   * @deprecated Use av_buffersink_get_buffer_ref() instead.
APIchanges entry or I'll do it after the commit.


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2 8 The Lewis and Clark Expedition
The Lewis and Clark Expedition:
The Lewis and Clark Expedition BY Brian Feeley June 10, 2004 Mr. Tomlin
Introduction In 1803 Thomas Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark's Corps of Discovery to find a water route to the Pacific and explore the uncharted West. He believed woolly mammoths, erupting volcanoes, and a mountain of pure salt awaited them. What they found was no less mind-boggling: some 300 species unknown to science, nearly 50 Indian tribes, and the Rockies.
The Route:
The Louisiana Purchase:
The Louisiana Purchase Thomas Jefferson expanded the United States by purchasing all of France's North American territory. This created an abundance of unexplored land that made settlers hungry to migrate.
Jefferson's Letter:
Jefferson's Letter Washington D.C., June 20, 1803 To Meriwether Lewis Esquire, Captain of the first regiment of Infantry of the United States of America. The Object of your mission is to explore the Missouri river & such principal stream of it as by it's course and communication with the waters of the Pacific ocean, whether the Columbia, Oregon, Colorado or any other river may offer the most direct & practicable water communication across this continent for the purpose of commerce.
BIO: Meriwether Lewis:
BIO: Meriwether Lewis Meriwether Lewis was born in Albemarle County, Virginia, on August 18, 1774, the second child and first son of William and Lucy Meriwether Lewis. His father, who had served as a lieutenant in the Continental Army, died in November 1779. Lewis joined the U.S. Army in 1794, serving six years in the Frontier Army and rising to the rank of captain in 1800, then serving as paymaster of the First Infantry Regiment of the U.S. Army. In early 1801, Lewis was appointed by President Jefferson to be his personal secretary. Lewis was a childhood protege of Jefferson's, and they renewed their bond years later while Lewis was on army duty in Charlottesville, Virginia.
BIO: William Clark:
BIO: William Clark Captain William Clark, the red-haired co-captain of the Corps of Discovery, was born on August 1, 1770, the sixth son and ninth child from a family of 10 children. All of Clark's brothers were Revolutionary War veterans, including the famed George Rogers Clark, who commanded Virginia's troops in the Kentucky region during Jefferson's term as Virginia governor. Clark began his military career at age 19 when he joined the Kentucky Militia. He later joined the regular army and was promoted to lieutenant. By 1795, he had received successive promotions to leadership positions, eventually attaining the rank of Captain. Ensign Meriwether Lewis was among men assigned to Clark. The two struck up a lasting friendship that would lead to their co-commanding the Corps of Discovery.
Contemplation at Mandon:
Contemplation at Mandon Although the search for a Northwest Passage was paramount, the Lewis and Clark expedition was also a combined anthropological, diplomatic, and commercial mission to the Missouri River Indian tribes. Meriwether Lewis's standard speech promised military protection and trade advantages in return for peace. The first nations to hear this pitch were the Otos and the Missouris, at a council held on August 3, north of present-day Omaha, Nebraska. The Indians responded favorably, for they needed both market commodities and protection from their northern neighbors, the Teton Sioux.
Standoff With the Teton Sioux September 01-30, 1804 :
Standoff With the Teton Sioux September 01-30, 1804 The Teton Sioux greeted the expedition and its gifts—a medal, a military coat, and a cocked hat—with ill-disguised hostility. One of the Teton chiefs demanded a boat as the price of passage. When the Indians became threatening, the expedition prepared to meet force with force: Clark drew his sword, and Lewis turned the keelboat's swivel gun on the Sioux. At the last moment both sides pulled back, and the crisis was over. Nevertheless, the expedition had failed to deliver on Jefferson's hopes for friendly relations with the Sioux. The Americans headed up the river—with a potential enemy behind them and a fast-approaching winter ahead.
Among the Nez Perce April 29-June 09, 1806 :
Among the Nez Perce April 29-June 09, 1806 Almost out of food, the expedition arrived back in Nez Perce territory, where it had to wait until the weather improved before trying to cross the snow-covered Bitterroots. Until their departure the men faced a diet of dried fish and roots, with occasional meat—deer, elk, horse, or dog. During the wait with the Nez Perce, Lewis busied himself with ethnography and nature studies, Clark with treating sick members of the tribe. By early June the expedition was equipped with fresh horses and ready to continue east. Against the advice of the Nez Perce—who believed that the Americans could not make it across the Bitterroots until July—Lewis and Clark left Camp Choppunish and set out for the mountains.
DISCOVERY: Plains Horned Toad :
DISCOVERY: Plains Horned Toad First Noted by Expedition: May 18, 1804; Lewis sent a specimen to Jefferson from St. Louis, Missouri. Description: Flat-bodied lizard with large crown of spines on head; two center spines longest. Two rows of pointed scales fringe each side. Red to yellow to gray; dark spots have light rear margins. Dark lines radiate from eye. Length: 2.5-7.1 in (6.3-18.1 cm). Habitat: From sea level to 6,000 ft (1,800 m) in dry areas, mostly open country with loose soil supporting grass, mesquite, cactus. Range: Kansas to Texas and west to southeastern Arizona. Isolated population in Louisiana; introduced in northern Florida
Goal: The Rockies:
Goal: The Rockies In early May the expedition almost lost one of its two pirogues when a sudden gust of wind caught the sails and heeled the vessel over on its side. Only quick action by Sacagawea, who was riding in the vessel, saved precious journals and supplies that otherwise would have been lost. The young woman reached into the river and retrieved as much as she could. By now Lewis and Clark were growing ever more anxious to catch sight of the Rockies, the mountain barrier they knew they would have to cross. In the last week of May, Lewis saw the mountains for the first time. He was filled with joy, immediately tempered by a realization of the challenge that lay ahead. The captains were eager to reach the Rockies, but progress was slow along the frequently bending river, which was now shallow and filled with jutting rocks.
Journal Entry: William Clark:
Journal Entry: William Clark Thursday, October 17, 1805 "I took two men in a Small canoe and assended the Columbia river 10 miles [16 kilometers] to an Island... on which two large Mat Lodges of Indians were drying Salmon (as they informed me by Signs for the purpose of food and fuel)… The number of dead Salmon on the Shores & floating in the river is incrediable to say — and at this Season they have only to collect the fish Split them open and dry them on their Scaffolds on which they have great numbers.... The waters of this river is clear, and a Salmon may be seen at the deabth of 15 or 20 feet [4.6 to 6.1 meters].... passed three large lodges... one of those Mat Lodges I entered found it crouded with men women and children.... I was furnished with a mat to set on, and one man set about prepareing me something to eate, first he brought in a piece of a Drift log of pine and with a wedge of the elks horn, and a malet of Stone curioesly carved he Split the log into Small pieces and lay'd it open on the fire on which he put round Stones, a woman handed him a basket of water and a large Salmon about half Dried, when the Stones were hot he put them into the basket of water with the fish which was soon sufficiently boiled for use it was then taken out put on a platter of rushes neetly made, and set before me."
Around the Great Falls June 12-July 20, 1805 :
Around the Great Falls June 12-July 20, 1805 On June 13 Lewis became the first white man to see the Great Falls of the Missouri River. But to his astonishment there were five separate falls, not one as the Indians had said—and they went on for a 12-mile (19-kilometer) stretch. Portaging around the falls was going to take much more time than he had planned. By June 16 Lewis had rejoined Clark, and six days later the portage began. It was the hardest physical task of the trip so far. More than a month would pass before the expedition was around the Great Falls and onto the next stretch of navigable water. Beyond rose the Rocky Mountains.
Among the Shoshone August 08-24, 1805 :
Among the Shoshone August 08-24, 1805 On August 11 Lewis spotted an Indian on horseback. It was a Shoshone at last, the first Indian they had seen since Fort Mandan. The Shoshone led the expedition to his chief, who in a dramatic stroke of luck turned out to be Sacagawea's brother. Soon the captains—with Sacagawea translating—were bargaining with the chief, Cameahwait, for horses. Without these horses, their chances of reaching the Pacific would likely have been quashed. At first, a knife and an old shirt were enough to purchase a horse. But the price went up every day, until Clark had to offer his knife, his pistol, and a hundred rounds of ammunition for a single animal. Most of the horses were in poor condition. The captains also secured information from the Shoshone. An old man of the tribe described a trail that led across the Continental Divide. The trail was used by the Nez Perce, who lived on the far side of the Rockies. Now the expedition had a way over the mountains.
DISCOVERY: The White Sturgeon:
DISCOVERY: The White Sturgeon First Noted by Expedition: November 11, 1805, at Cape Disappointment, Washington. Description: Elongate, rounded in cross section, head slightly flattened; gray above, lighter below. Snout short, broad, pointed; mouth ventral, below eye; 4 long barbels near tip of snout. Length: to 12.5 ft (3.8 m). Weight: to 1,387 lbs (630 kg). Habitat: Over soft bottoms in ocean; in deep pools of large rivers. Range: In Pacific from Gulf of Alaska south to northern Baja California; in fresh water south only to Sacramento River, northern California.
Journal Entry: Meriwether lewis:
Journal Entry: Meriwether lewis "Ocian in View!"October 08-December 07, 1805 Carried along by the river's breakneck current, the corps rode the Clearwater. They reached the Snake River on October 10, the Columbia six days later. There the Americans paused to rest and meet Indians who had gathered along the shore; in one village Clark estimated there were 10,000 pounds (4,500 kilograms) of dried salmon. Then the explorers headed down the Columbia, portaging around the river's roughest spots in the Cascades, the last mountain range between them and the Pacific. Upon reaching a wide body of water Clark waxed momentous—prematurely. On November 7 he thought they had reached the Pacific: "Ocian in view! O! the joy," he wrote in his journal. But they were actually at the estuary of the Columbia—still 20 miles (32 kilometers) from the coast. Fierce Pacific storms, rolling waters, and high winds pinned them down for three weeks—"the most disagreeable time I have experienced," Clark wrote. But by the middle of November they made it to the Pacific. Eagerly the men scanned the gray, rolling waves of the ocean for the masts of a ship that could carry them home. Eventually, though, they resigned themselves to spending the winter on the coast.
Parting Ways, Skirmishing With Blackfeet July 03-28, 1806 :
Parting Ways, Skirmishing With Blackfeet July 03-28, 1806 On July 3 Lewis and his group broke camp, crossing the Continental Divide and descending from the mountains near the Great Falls. The captain ordered his men to portage the supplies around the Falls, while he and three of the men went off to explore the Marias River. Lewis and his colleagues knew the Marias was Blackfeet Indian territory—and therefore dangerous. On July 26 eight Blackfeet spotted them. The Blackfeet seemed friendly, and the two groups decided to camp together. Taking no chances, Lewis's men took turns to stand guard through the night. In the morning one of the Indians snatched a pair of rifles, and in the struggle that followed two Indians died. Lewis and his men rode off, covering 120 miles (190 kilometers) in 24 hours, not knowing whether Blackfeet were giving chase. Meanwhile, Clark and his group crossed the divide on July 8 and descended into the territory of the Crow tribe, the great horse thieves of the Plains. On July 21 the party awoke to find half of their horses gone. Yet they never saw a Crow.
The End of the Journey:
The End of the Journey Now on the home stretch of the journey, the expedition was making as much as 80 miles (130 kilometers) a day. Lewis and Clark began to meet traders who informed them that they had been given up for dead. On the morning of September 23, the Corps of Discovery entered the Mississippi River and at noon disembarked at St. Louis—two years, four months, and ten days after they had left. Gathered along the shore, the one thousand people of St. Louis greeted the returned Corps with gunfire salutes and an enthusiastic welcome.
FINIS!:
FINIS!
Introduction Strategies
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LEWISCLARKExpeditionIntroductionRoute


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Venues / Churches & Cathedrals / Santisima Trinidad Temple: Temple of the Most Holy Trinity
Santisima Trinidad Temple: Temple of the Most Holy Trinity
By alex Wednesday May 13th, 2020
Photo: Protoplasma Kid on Wikimedia Commons
"La Santisima"
Santisima Trinidad Temple, Temple of the Most Holy Trinity is usually referred to today simply as "Santisima." It's an iconic church in the middle of some of the oldest, noisiest areas in the Centro Histórico. Grandiose and magnificent, it's good place for a break from the urban chaos. The churrigueresque facade is breathtaking. Said to have been a favorite of the Empress Carlota in the 1860s, that's not just for the architecture but for the details and ornamentation of the facade that continues well inside.
The history of the temple goes way back to 1526. The site is said to have contained a small hermitage or chapel sponsored by an early tailor's guild. It was used to celebrate religious holidays and to receive young aspiring tailors.
In 1569, after a rebuilding, a group of nuns of the Order of Santa Clara occupied the chapel and stayed there for some ten years. When the nuns finally left, it was recovered by the tailor's guild now collaborating with the monks from the Brotherhood of San Pedro.
Next to this smaller existing chapel, they began building a hospital-hospice to shelter the destitute. Construction started in 1580. This church, though, was not consecrated until 1667. During the last decades of the 17th century through to today, that very temple has gone multiple renovations and rebuilding processes. A lot of them have been due to the always sinking and subsiding city.
In the 19th century alone, the temple sank some three meters. A group of architects again began excavations and reconstruction in 1924. And the temple was fully unearthed in the 1980s and again restored to the building that can be appreciated today.
The Santisima Trinidad Temple is again remarkable. Perhaps most impressive is the hard gray stone entryway, flanked by its two pillars. 12 medallions done in relief represent the apostles. Among the columns are ten sculptures, five of which represent bishops, four represent popes, and one represents a priest. Everything is so detailed that you can spend a lot of time pondering its many elements and particularities.
The Temple of the Most Holy Trinity is very near the La Merced neighborhood. One of the most traditional and representative parts of the center city, today it's most famous for the gigantic and always fascinating Merced Market.
Monday through Sunday: 8 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Web: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Iglesia-de-la-Sant%C3%ADsima-Trinidad/109196749499742
De la Santísima s/n, Col. Centro.
Centro Histórico Churches


in Chorley area. We offer advanced. fast-paced shows for children. Child's Birthday parties involve a blend of Magic, Party dances, Fun games & Modelling balloons as prizes. Our shows will assure children of different age groups delighted for the duration of the show.
Move further down this page to see a video montage of children's parties Chorley.
Dozy Dave and his magical associates are the No1 Birthday Party Magicians Chorley. His fast-moving parties contain a variety of Tricks, Music, Competitive Games and Balloons and are the perfect addition for your little one's event. Communion or Anniversary. Select from the One Hour - 1.5hr or full 2hr packages. Every package has plenty of interaction, prizes and laughter for children of all ages. Dozy Dave has been working since 1996 as a full-time Children's Entertainer Chorley and can provide a variety of different party packages to suit your requirements any day of the week. Dozy Dave covers all areas of Chorley including Chorley Lytham St Annes and Wigan.
When you are searching for party entertainment in Chorley. Dozy Dave and his magical colleagues have plenty of party options to fit all pockets and ages of children. Please do not hesitate to phone Dozy Dave Children's Entertainer Chorley if you are looking for something astounding? As Dozy Dave and his colleagues will do their utmost to make sure your event is the talk of Chorley.